PRODUCT PROJECT REPORT ON

HELMET

PREPARED BY

HIREN MUKESHBHAI KAPADIYA

CLASS ROLL NO.

SY. BBA(SEM-4) 23

ENROLLMENT NO. ACADEMICYEAR

0102012036 2021-22

GUIDED BY
PROF. HARESH VAISHNANI
COLLAGE

SMT.M.T DHAMSANIYA COMMERCECOLLAGE

RAJKOT

SUBMITTED TO
Saurashtra University

1
 DECLARATION

 I hiren kapadiya of Shri Dhamsaniya college declare that this product

project report is a record of my own work under the guidance of pro.
Haresh vaishnani and staff members.

 This product project report is a result of my own observation and

experience in the real business of practical knowledge.

 I further declare that this product project report is not previously

submitted to any college by any student.

2
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

 It is in particular that I am acknowledging my sincere feeling towards my

mentors whograciously gave me their time and expertise.
 They have provided me with the valuable guidance, sustained efforts and friendly
approach.
 It would have been difficult to achieve the results in such a short span of time
without theirhelp.
 I deem it my duty to record my gratitude towards the External
project supervisor Prof. vijay bhatasana.
 Internal project supervisor prof. Haresh vaishnani who devoted his/her
precioustime to interact, guide and gave me the right approach to accomplish the
task and also helpedme to enhance my knowledge and understanding of the
project.

3
 PREFACE

 Practical training is also very important aspect in management course. There is so

many times vast differences between theoretical knowledge and actual practical
implication.

 Thus practical training helps individuals to know the actual uses and impaction of
what he has gained from theoretical knowledge.

 The theoretical knowledge and classroom discussion is not enough for a

management student now, for the knowledge of practical viewpoints, problems,
opportunities and situation of industrial units practical studies is necessary.

 The objective behind this project is to develop entrepreneur skill. I have tried to
collect all the necessary information and had tried to prepare this report with the
best of my knowledge and ability.

4
 INDEX

SR. PAGE
No TITLE No.

1. GENERAL INFORMATION 8

2. PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT 10

 Introduction

 Machinery

 Raw-materials

 Production process

 Production capacity

3. MARKETING DEPARTMENT 23

 Introduction

 Marketing planning

 Product strategies

 Pricing strategies

5
  Distribution strategies

 Promotion strategies

4. FINANCE DEPARTMENT 32

 Introduction

 Fixed capital cost

 Working capital requirement

 Financial Arrangement

 Total cost of a project

 Profitability of a project

 Interest

 Depreciation

 Administrative expanses

5. HUMAN RESOURCES DEPARTMENT 40

6
  Introduction

 Human resource requirement

 Selection

 Training & development

 Employee welfare

6. PROJECT SUMMARY 47

7. PROJECT ADVANCEMENT&FUTURE PROSPECT 49

7
 1.GENERAL INFORMATION

PROJECT AT GLANCE

NAME OF THE UNIT : SAFE DRIVE COMPANY PVT.LTD

ADDRESS FOR: : GIDC, RAJKOT

COMMUNICATION : SAFE DRIVE COMPANY

PVT.LTD

TYPE OF THE UNIT : Small scale unit

8
 NAME OF THE PRODUCT : HELMET

S.S.I. REGISTRATION NO. : An application is made for

SUBSIDY REGISTRATION NO : An application is made for

DETAILS OF THE LOCATION

OF THE UNIT :

OWNERS NAME : hiren

OWNERS ADDRESS : Mahalakshmi Avenue, Flat No:302,

Ring road,

Rajkot-360003

OWNER’S BIO-DATA

NAME : HIREN KAPADIYA

ADDRESS : Mahalakshmi Avenue Flat No.302,

Ring road.

Rajkot-360003

AGE : 20 Years

DEGREE : B.B.A.

NATURE OF WORK &

RESPONSIBILITY : Human Resource, Finance

9
 CONTRIBUTION : 50%

2.PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

Introduction

 The production department is the driving force turning the wheels of every
manufacturing company. A Company may have best of the resources and forces
but all these are meaningless without production which gives shape to an
organization.

10
  The main role of production is to turn inputs (raw materials) into outputs (finished
goods). Outputs refer to a finished product or service and inputs are the materials
that are needed to manufacture certain goods.

 When a business completes this process they are able to achieve customer
satisfaction by producing products that are ready to be used and fit for purpose.
The production department is responsible for ensuring quality is achieved in each
item produced.

 They will need to carry out inspections and implement suitable quality initiatives.
This is one of the major duties of this department because if mistakes are made on
products, customer satisfaction will be decreased or if products are ruined during
the production process it means that the company will have to throw "bad"
products away (creating waste).

 Both aspects will lead the company to a loss of profit. Quality assurance will have
to be carried out everyday on a number of occasions to ensure that the production
process is working efficiently and effectively. For example Coca-cola will carry
out approximately 200 inspections per day to ensure quality is being achieved and
also to make sure all equipment is running well.

Machinery

Most of FCS clients are using (HN series) servo energy-saving injection molding
machine or (FB-R series) rotary table two-component injection molding machine
to produce various single or double shot of helmets. The machines are equipped
screws special for PC or ABS, and with the clamping force from 250 tonf to 750
tonf,

11
Raw-materials

 The major component or major input, which is inevitable part of any production
process, is availability of raw material. Availability of raw material at proper time, at
reasonable rate, in right quality and quantity, etc.

 directly affects the price of the final product. If the supply of raw material is not
regular, it may lead to frequent stoppage in production process.

12
FIBER GLASS
 While fiberglass materials are basically inexpensive, they are easily molded
into a form that makes them lightweight and strong. Fans of the material
appreciate how well fiberglass can achieve the difficult task of combining
flexibility and hardness.

 Many fiberglass helmets feature additional high-strength materials such as

carbon fiber and Kevlar in the weave pattern. Helmet prices typically rise as
more of these materials are added.

CARBON FIBER

 Because of the unique way carbon atoms align and bond together along fibers
in a crystal formation, a naturally-occurring high-strength bond forms.
 When thousands of these high-strength fibers are woven together and combined
with plastic resin and other aramid type fibers, that fabric is known as
reinforced "carbon fiber" material.
 Carbon fiber has the benefits of being extremely strong and extremely
lightweight. It also offers high tensile strength and excellent compression
strength. A helmet shell embodying these characteristics will offer an
extremely high level of shock deflection – without breaking.
 With this deflection comes a more evenly-spread out impact force across the
helmet, allowing more of the Styrofoam inner layer to do its job.
 Often, carbon fiber helmets include some amount of Kevlar mixed into the
weave to boost strength. Unless indicated otherwise, a carbon fiber helmet will
be made mostly of carbon fiber material.
 Because carbon fiber helmets can effectively absorb shocks that would
fragment a lesser helmet, carbon fiber offers an extremely high level of
protection against helmet failure and head injury at the higher speeds involved
in motorcycle racing. This durability is also beneficial if a carbon fiber helmet
is accidently dropped, because it will be more resistant to scratches and cracks.

13
KEVLAR

 Kevlar is a robust Aramid-type fibre weave often associated with bulletproof

vests. Kevlar was initially developed by Stephanie Kwolek at DuPont in 1965
for use as a replacement for steel in racing tyres.
 Using the same methods, one would use when making fibreglass, by weaving
synthetic fibres before mixing with a plastic compound for binding.
 The firm heat resistant material has since been used in motorcycle helmets,
mainly as a layer within carbon fibre helmets to increase the overall tensile
strength.

THERMOPLASTIC

 Thermoplastic is one of the more basic compounds. It is created by heating various

oil-based polymers into liquid form before forming into helmet-shaped moulds.
 Because thermoplastic doesn’t require any additional chemical reactions to cure the
mixtures, left alone to harden and set, they can be melted down and recycled, making
them extremely affordable. 

PRODUCTION PROCESS

SAFE DRIVE PVT.LTD manufactures different types of helmets such as bicycle

helmets, motorcycle helmets, football helmets and many more.

Here is the production process of BICYCLE helmet.

Liners

 The liner is the most important part of the helmet, the foam layer where the
energy of the crash is managed.
 Bicycle helmet liners are mostly molded in Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) foam.
For the cheaper helmets that make up the largest part of sales in the US market,
the techniques are standard ones used in the industry's "foam shops" for making
all sorts of EPS parts.

14
  Granules of EPS known as "bead" are placed in a mold and expanded with
steam and pressure into the familiar picnic cooler foam. Although this is mostly
done in China now, there are several European manufacturers and one large US
company making several million helmets per year in Rantoul, Illinois, in
facilities sold to them by Bell.

 Still within the EPS world, the top end helmets require internal reinforcement,
usually to open up larger vents, and the techniques for including the
reinforcements in the mold and getting them to line up correctly are critical to
the manufacturing process.
 Those techniques are proprietary secrets. Manufacturers use a variety of
materials such as nylon, polypropylene or even metal or metal mesh for
reinforcement. The first bicycle helmet to use this technique was the ProTec
Mirage, a late 1980's model, and it used a nylon mesh. The reinforcement is
normally buried in the foam and the user may not even be aware that it is there,
but it is essential to keep the models with larger vents from splitting on impact.
 The use of mesh reinforcement should not be confused with the European
practice of providing bug net in the front vents, since many of those nets are
simply thin fabric mesh adding no strength.
 EPS can be made in layers with different densities to tune impact management,
permitting softer layers to crush in lesser impacts and harder layers to handle
the really bad hits. In some cases the density is varied around vents or certain
areas of the helmet to permit the helmet to meet impact standards while
thinning the liner.

Shells

 The shell for inexpensive helmets is just stamped PET (the material used for
bottled water containers) or a similar plastic. It is usually glued onto the liner,
then taped around the edge for appearance, although some use no glue and
others have no tape.
 For more expensive helmets the shell is included in the mold when the liner is
expanded from the bead, and must therefore be polycarbonate or another higher
quality plastic that can take the heat of the mold (PET would melt). Really
sophisticated techniques can add more than one shell section to the mold, and
up to five pieces can provide shell protection for the lower section of a helmet,
or even the interior.
 In this case no glue is necessary, since the shell is bonded to the liner in the
mold. This technique could yield stronger helmets, but the designers use it to
open up larger and larger vents and reduce the foam, eventually just meeting
the current impact standard. We have a page up on molded-in-the-shell helmets.

15
  Skate-style helmets and a few bicycle-style helmets have hard shells made of
ABS or polycarbonate plastic. BMX helmets (and a few older bicycle helmets)
can have composite hard shells, with layers of fiberglass or even kevlar fiber
laid up in an epoxy. ABS is molded, but Fiberglass shells are generally laid up
by hand.

Straps

 Helmet straps are generally made of nylon or polypropylene. They all look
similar, but vary considerably in fabric, surface finish, weave and other subtle
characteristics. For helmets with glued-on shells they are added to the liner
before the shell is glued on, and usually run across the top of the liner, covered
by the shell, or occasionally over the top of the shell.
 This is not possible when a helmet is molded in the shell, since the heat of the
molding process would damage the webbing. Straps are added to the helmet
after it comes out of the mold, usually with a more sophisticated anchor that
sits on top of the helmet shell after the strap is threaded through. Helmets with
hard shells usually have the straps riveted or otherwise attached to the shell.
 Attached to the rear of most middle to high-end helmets is an occipital
stabilizer, varying from just a strap to a complex plastic piece, that engages the
occipital lobe of the head (the lump on the back of the head). These can have
many forms of adjustment, including knobs, cams, toothed sliders and more.
 The buckle is the last major piece of the helmet, and it is added when the straps
are installed. Most current bike helmet buckles are plastic or nylon buckles of
the Fastex type (a trademarked ITW/Nexus brand) with side pinch release.
Some BMX helmets use a motorcycle-style D-ring buckle, requiring the user to
thread the strap end through two D-shaped metal rings.

Interior

 Bike helmets made with the ring fit system are fitted with an adjustable ring of
some kind inside. Those with fitting pads usually get hook-and-loop mounts
glued in, then the pads are added. Some cheap helmets have the pads glued
directly to the interior of the liner. A few have an interior cloth or plastic liner
applied. BMX helmets made in the motorcycle style often have more
complicated full interior liners that can be removed for cleaning.

Assembly

 Assembling the parts is the next step. This is normally hand labor, and for cost
reasons probably well over half of the world's bicycle helmets are made in
China or other Asian countries. At least 4 million are still assembled in the US,
and an unknown number in Europe, due to high shipping costs from Asia. As
noted above, the shell may be glued or not, and taped around the edge or not.

16
Finish

 After assembly, the helmet is normally finished off with an application of

graphics in the form of stickers. Sometimes a clear coat is sprayed on. Text
stickers are added inside, and tags are attached before the helmet is boxed.

Accessories

 Other accessories can be added on during the manufacturing or assembly

processes. Many helmets come with detachable visors. Some have mirror
mounts, light mounts, lights, speakers for sound, communications devices,
earmuffs, vent covers or bunny ears. One unique model had a built-in
periscope-type rear view mirror.

Below is the production process of MOTORCYCLE helmet.

Step 1: Making the EPS Helmet Liner

 SAFE DRIVE PVT.LTD started at the EPS helmet liner production line.   EPS,
or expanded polystyrene, is the current protective layer of choice for
motorcycle helmets for several reasons.  Three of those reasons are It's cheap,
it's light and it works.
 Amazingly, the material that keeps beer and body parts cold is also an excellent
protective material for the human head.  Of course, the EPS used in helmets is
different from the white foamy-looking stuff used to chill your six-pack, but
the principle is generally the same.
 EPS is delivered in a big container filled with tiny little tube-shaped bits -- the
polystyrene  The polystyrene is then "blown" or expanded at the manufacturing
facility to become the EPS that protects our noggins.   EPS is manufactured in

17
 different densities and combined together in a helmet liner in the molding
process.
 One of the differences between "cheap" helmets and a quality helmet is that a
quality EPS liner is specifically engineered and designed for each different
head size.  So instead of using a generic EPS liner in every helmet, Nolan
engineers the specific densities, thickness and liner shape based on the helmet
type and size.
 This means that each EPS liner must have its own mold that is designed on a
CAD (Computer Aided Design) system and manufacturing via CAM (Computer
Aided Manufacturing using computer-controlled machine tools).   The "blown"
EPS must also be kept in a climate-controlled storage area until its molded into
the correct shape.

Photos: EPS Helmet Liner Manufacturing

 Here are some photos to illustrate the EPS liner manufacturing process.   The
photo below shows the raw, non-expanded polystyrene on the left hand and the

expanded polystyrene beads on the right hand:

 The next photo shows one of the molds for an EPS liner;  Note the complex
mold shape and also the many holes, or passages, to allow the heat, pressure
and water to mold the liner.  Each of these molds must be made for a specific
helmet

18
  Here’s a photo showing five EPS helmet liner molding machines.   The EPS is
fed into the machines and is pressurized and molded in the press.   Water is used
to cool the mold and the liner.   Each liner is embossed with the liner type, size
and helmet it fits:Here’s a photo showing five EPS helmet liner molding
machines.  The EPS is fed into the machines and is pressurized and molded in
the press.  Water is used to cool the mold and the liner.  Each liner is embossed
with the liner type , size and helmet in fits :

Next Step: Making a Polycarbonate Helmet Shell

 SAFE DRIVE makes helmets using both polycarbonate and composite helmet
shells.  There are some advantages and disadvantages to both.
 In general, a polycarbonate helmet shell will be heavier than a composite shell.  
But a polycarbonate shell can also take quite a beating, as you will see in the
Part 2 video, while a composite shell is usually destroyed in a crash.   This
doesn’t mean that you can damage a polycarbonate shell and then wear it again;
on the contrary, the video will show what happens once the EPS absorbs the
energy.
 Like all protective equipment, a helmet is a one-time protective device.   Once it
works to protect you, hang it on the wall as a reminder and buy another.   There
is no such thing as a multiple-accident motorcycle helmet!

19
  The process for manufacturing a polycarbonate helmet shell is completely
different than the process for making a composite shell.   Both require technical
expertise, manufacturing technology and a large capital investment, but the
investment focus is different in each case.
 Safe drive makes their polycarbonate shells using General Electric Lexan EXL
(.pdf product information sheet), which they say has better performance,
especially for impact resistance and thermal resistance, than the commonly
used ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene).  Nolan was one of the first helmet
manufacturers to use Lexan, having started with the material in 1972, so they
have a great deal of experience in polycarbonate helmet manufacturing.
 The Lexan EXL also works nicely with Nolan’s use of the environmentally-
conscious water-based paint and clear-coating preparations.
 In fact, the entire company and the methods, procedures and materials have
been designed with the environment in mind.  The plant is virtually odor- and
dust-free and employees don’t have to wear masks or other protective gear
because the environment is very clean.
 The Lexan arrives as tiny beads, shipped in big containers, much like the
photos in the MXL Industries story.  The Lexan is fed into the helmet shell
molding machines, where it is melted and pumped into a helmet shell mold.
 The shell mold consists of a highly polished metal mold of the helmet that is
surrounded by several moving parts that have the same shape.   The melted
Lexan is pumped under pressure into the small gap that is formed between the
male and female mold parts when they come together in the molding machine.  
This can be seen in the video below.
 The master for the shell mold is also designed and manufactured using
CAD/CAM.  Each mold must be custom made for each helmet design and shell
size. 

 It takes about 60 seconds to mold each helmet shell and the molding machine
automatically releases the outside of the shell mold and the operator removes the
newly born polycarbonate shell.  Once the mold sprue is removed), the shel is staged
for the next stop in the process: sanding and paint or decal preparation.  
 The next photo shows a single mold for a helmet shell with all the piping and
fixtures necessary for the molding process.  This is the mold assembly for the
Nolan N90 flip-up.  Each assembly weighs up to 4 tons.

20
Sanding, Paint Preparation, Decals and Painting

 One of the advantages of a molded polycarbonate shell is that all of the vent
openings, the eye port and various assembly holes needed for mounting the face
shield and other parts are completed and finished as part of the molding
process, so once the shell is molded, it’s ready for painting without any drilling
or other procedures.
 The job of sanding a helmet shell is not pleasant.The shells are sanded before
painting to prepare a good surface that will allow the paint to adhere properly.
 Once the helmet shells are prepared, they either go directly into the automated
paint booth or to the decal room. 
 The decals are designed by artists on a computer and printed on a single sheet.  
The decal is removed from the backing.It takes a lot of skill to apply a decal to
the very complex curved surface of a motorcycle helmet and, of course, the
surface must be perfectly prepared.  The decal must be carefully applied and all
of the air bubbles removed or the entire helmet will be ruined after it is painted.

 Once the helmets are painted and/or the decals are applied, they are sent
through the automated clear coat booth, clear coat finish is applied.
 thi Once the helmets are painted and polished they’re ready for final assembly.

Photos: Sanding, Paint Preparation and Decals

 Once the helmets are molded, they are staged and ready for sanding, painting or
decals.  Notice that all of the “holes” in the helmet are ready for vents and
other parts; s is done in the molding process: 

21
  Helmet shells then go to the decal shop to have the decals applied.   The shop is
climate controlled and is rather warm and humid to allow the best environment
for the decals to stick to the helmet:
 After the decals are applied, the helmets go through an automated paint booth
to have the clear coat finish applied.

Final Assembly, Packing and Shipping

 Once the helmets are painted and the clear coat has been applied, they pass
various stations to have the face shields, internal visors and other parts installed.
During each stage of the process, every helmet is inspected by the operator to
ensure quality.
 In the final assembly area, each helmet is inspected once again and the final parts
are installed for the liner, chin guard and vent covers.   The protective decals are
also installed and the helmet is wrapped, packed and put in a box with the manual
and hang tags, ready for shipment to your dealer and eventually on to your head!

PRODUCTIONCAPACITY

PRODUCT DAILY MONTHLY YEARLY

NAME
PRODUCTION 25 DAYS 300 DAYS

Helmet 200 5000 60000

Installed capacity

22
 Utilized capacity at 50%

PRODUCT DAILY MONTHLY YEARLY

NAME PRODUCTION 25 DAYS 300 DAYS

Helmet 100 2500 30000

3.MARKETING DEPARTMENT

INTRODUCTION

 Marketing strategy is a process that can allow an organization to concentrate its

limited resources on the greatest opportunities to increase sales and achieve a

23
 sustainable advantage. A marketing strategy should be centered on the key concept
that customer satisfaction is the main goal.

 The marketing concept of building an organization around the profitable satisfaction

of customer needs has helped firms to achieve success in high-growth, moderately
competitive markets.

 However, to be successful in markets in which economic growth has leveled and in

which there exist many competitors who follow the marketing concept, a well-
developed marketing strategy is required. Such a strategy considers a portfolio of
products and takes into account the anticipated moves of competitors in the market.

 Marketing strategy is a method of focusing an organization's energies and resources

on a course of action which can lead to increased sales and dominance of a targeted
market niche. A marketing strategy combines product development, promotion,
distribution, pricing, relationship management and other elements; identifies the firm's
marketing goals, and explains how they will be achieved, ideally within a stated
timeframe.

 Marketing strategy determines the choice of target market segments, positioning,

marketing mix, and allocation of resources. It is most effective when it is an integral
component of overall firm strategy, defining how the organization will successfully
engage customers, prospects, and competitors in the market arena. Corporate
strategies corporate missions, and corporate goals.

 As the customer constitutes the source of a company's revenue, marketing strategy is

closely linked with sales. A key component of marketing strategy is often to keep
marketing in line with a company's overarching mission statement.
Marketing is a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain
what they want and need through creating, offering and exchanging products of value
with others.

MARKETING PLANNING

 Marketing Plan of Safe drive Helmet Company Group member- Ankur Chirag Sukhija
Sumit Varun.

 Safe drive Helmet Company Introduction It is world’s first company which offers helmet
with Hi technology which not only navigate the driver but also helps in safe drive.

 Vision and mission To successfully create unique concepts in the field of Helmets with a
mixture of modernity and technology. Taking best of both the worlds along with
incredible infrastructure, Safe drive company would like to be the largest producer of the
best quality.

24
 Objective of the OrganizationLong term objective- Our objective is to attain a position in
the top 3 brands in helmet market with the market share of 35% within 4 years. Short
term objective- To attain the break even within 1 year. Success full entry into the
international market.

 GOAL To become the market leader by capturing more than 40% of the total market
share by 2016.

 Marketing Mix  Product:  Helmets with new technology.  Kinds of Helmets are: 1)
Helmet for Bike Driver 2) Helmet for Racing car drivers 3) Helmet for Bi cycle Racers.

 Product Mix 1. Breadth (The number of product lines carried)- Safe drive product line is
dealing in one line that will keep the driver safe & will drop him at his destiny. 2. Depth
(The variety of sizes, colors, and models offered within each product line)- Safe drive is
providing variety of sizes, colors & different models for different users which means they
have choices to select.

 PRICE  Safe drivehelmet follow the skimming pricing strategy as we come into the
market with the innovative concept for the safety of the driver and targeting to the elite
class and professional racers has company will follow the skimming pricing strategy by
selling the product at high prices.

 Promotion  Advertisement in Motor Bike magazines.  Sponsorship will be provided to

the Racing events in which Safe driveHelmet will be used.  Test drive of racing bike
and cars while wearing the Hi Tec Helmets.  Advertisement through Commercial
advertisement.

 PLACE  Helmet will be placed at showrooms of the Racing bikes and cars.  Exclusive
showrooms for sale of helmets.  Tie- up with stadium where the races are conducted to
promote the sales.  various distribution channels.
 PACKAGING  The packaging of the helmets will be made in standard box. It will be
packed in two boxes and a poly bag. The inner most packaging is of poly bag and after
wards gets packed under two boxes. The upper most boxes contain the attractive stickers,
detail about the product and company.

 POSITIONING  Positioning will made through the high advertisement through

commercial ads, through movies and through attractive design of the helmets.

 PEOPLE  Safe drive Helmet company is very much oriented towards the service. For
this all the employee are very much customer oriented and try to satisfy the customer
needs by fulfilling their needs, making product available at their reach and effective after
sales services. At the same time take care the people as well by providing fare wage and
salary, taking care of all Human resource norms and over time is strictly prohibited.

25
 Executive summary  Our launch is helmet with navigator technology which is useful for
all kind of Two wheeler and four wheeler racing cars as well as bi cycle. The helmets
consist of the sensor .  The product testing indicates that the product is very much driver
friendly which protect the driver from all kind of un expected accident and and also have
good capability to face the accident at the speed of 180 Km per hour.

 The product is targeted to the high class customer or high end customer and professional
racers. As Safe drive Helmet are the first mover in this Hi technological helmets hence
price strategy of the product will be skimming and the price of the helmet will be vary
from Rs 2500 to Rs 7000 as per the feature of the Helmet to take the benefit of first
mover.

 Current situation and trend  Most of the well known brands are STUDDS, NUVO,
VEGA, STEELBIRD, Schuberth, Scorpio Helmets and etc.  In India in most of the
states wearing of helmet become compulsory for 2 wheeler drivers as well as people
sitting at the back and for children over an age of 5 year. This rule brings a revolution in
the market of Helmet. It raises the helmet market by 30 % of India.

 Key Issue Strengths Weaknesses  Good Innovative concept.  Prices are very high then
 Customer’s protection the competitors. Oriented.  Limited resources are  High
quality helmets. Available.  Highly comfort & safety  Not affordable for every
features. Class.  Good access to distribution network.  Resources are not easy to
imitate by the other competitor.

 Key Issue Opportunities Threats  Unfulfilled customer  Acceptance of new Product

needs, give us the good with its innovative opportunity in the market technology.  New
& innovative  Uncertainty of the political as well as economical technology provide an
environment of advantage of first mover. International market.  Removal of
international  Less variety of products. Trade barriers arriving.  Other competitor can
also  Hi scope of racing cars and enter into the market with bike in both national.

 Marketing Strategy  The overall marketing objective of the organization is to success fully enter
into the market with Hi technology helmets, gain the acceptance of the product and capture a
substantial market share (15 %).  High promotion through the advertisement in bike magazines,
commercial ads, hoarding and etc.

 Skimming pricing strategy will be follow as entering with the innovative product by
having high organization can easily recover the cost and gain a substantial large amount
of profit before the competitor enter into the market with same category of market. 
There is requirement of high investments in R & D [Research & Development].  Tie
ups will be made with the professional racers to promote the product.

 Action Plan  A good investment will be incurred in the advertisement in Motor Bike
magazines.  Sponsorship will be provided to the Racing events in which Safe drive’s
Helmet will be used.  Test drive of racing bike and cars while wearing the Hi Tec
Helmets, Advertisement through Commercial advertisement.  Sales point of helmet will

26
 be at showrooms of the Racing bikes and cars.  An exclusive showroom of Safe drive
helmets.

 Control  The monitoring of the plan and functioning of the organization is made by
evaluating the performance quarterly and compare it with the standards and if the
performance is as per the standard then there will be no change in the functioning but if
there is any gap between the actual performance and standard then needful changes will
be made. If the variation is huge then the contingent plan will come into performance.

 Contingency Plan:  If the helmet with navigation technology gets fail then company
will introduce helmet with out navigator in different attractive designs and the price of the
product will also gets reduce and company will start serving their navigator helmets to
defence.

PRODUCT STRATEGIES

Marketing mix

Marketing mix is a mixture of several ideas and plans followed by a marketing representative
to promote a particular product or brand is called marketing mix. Several concepts and ideas
combined together to formulate final strategies helpful in making a brand popular amongst
the masses form marketing mix.

27
Elements of marketing mix:
Product:
The marketing mix concept has its roots in the 1950s U.S. corporate marketing world, and the
practice of marketing has obviously evolved tremendously since this term was invented. One
of the changes is that there are a lot more services available nowadays, such as those
available online. Also, the distinction between product and service has become more blurry
(e.g., is a Web-based software application a product or a service?). Either way, product here
refers to products or services. The product or service you offer needs to be able to meet a
specific, existing market demand. Or, you need to be able to create a market niche through
building a strong brand.
Price:
The price you set for your product or service plays a large role in its marketability. Pricing for
products or services that are more commonly available in the market is more elastic, meaning
that unit sales will go up or down more responsively in response to price changes. By
contrast, those products that have a generally more limited availability in the market (but with
strong demand) are more inelastic, meaning that price changes will not affect unit sales very
much. The price elasticity of your product or service can be determined through various
market testing techniques.

Place:
This term really refers to any way that the customer can obtain a product or receive a service.
Provision of a product or service can occur via any number of distribution channels, such as
in a retail store, through the mail, via downloadable files, on a cruise ship, in a hair salon, etc.
The ease and options through which you can make your product or service available to your
customers will have an effect on your sales volume.

Promotion:
Promotion is concerned with any vehicle you employ for getting people to know more about
your product or service. Advertising, public relations, point-of-sale displays, and word-of-
mouth promotion are all traditional ways for promoting a product. Promotion can be seen as a
way of closing the information gap between would-be sellers and would-be buyers. Your
choice of a promotional strategy will be dependent upon your budget, the type of product or
service you are selling, and availability of said promotional vehicle.

28
PRICING STRATEGIES

 PRICE of safe drive companyhelmet follow the skimming pricing strategy

  as we come into the market with the innovative concept for the safety of the driver
and targeting to the elite class and professional racers has company will follow the
skimming pricing strategy by selling the product at high prices.

DISTRIBUTION STRATEGIES

Distribution channel

29
  A channel of distribution can be defined as the collection of organizational units,
institutions, or agencies within or external to the manufacturer, which perform the
functions that support product marketing.

 The marketing functions are pervasive: they include buying, selling, transporting,
storing, grading, financing, bearing market risk, and providing marketing information.
Any organizational unit, institution, or agency that performs one or more of the
marketing functions is a member of a channel of distribution.

 Distribution channels are those paths through which goods reach from producer or
manufacturers to consumers. In other words, Distribution source (which is also called
business source at times) refers to that path, through which in involved in the transfer
of ownership of Goods from producer to final consumer or Industrial user.

The Distribution Channel of SAFE DRIVE company is as under

MANUFACTURES CONSUMERS

There are four types of distribution channels:

 Direct from manufacturer to consumer

 Manufacturer to retailer to consumers

 Manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to customer

 Manufacturer to middlemen to wholesaler to retailer to consumer

PROMOTION STRATEGIES

Advertising &salse promotion

30
 Advertising

 Advertising is a form of communication intended to persuade an audience

(viewers, readers or listeners) to purchase or take some action upon products,
ideas, or services.

 It includes the name of a product or service and how that product or service
could benefit the consumer, to persuade a target market to purchase or to
consume that particular brand. These messages are usually paid for by
sponsors and viewed via various media. Advertising can also serve to
communicate an idea to a large number of people in an attempt to convince
them to take a certain action.

 Advertising is a form of communication intended to persuade an audience

(viewers, readers or listeners) to purchase or take some action upon products,
ideas, or services. It includes the name of a product or service and how that
product or service could benefit the consumer, to persuade a target market to
purchase or to consume that particular brand.

 These messages are usually paid for by sponsors and viewed via various
media. Advertising can also serve to communicate an idea to a large number
of people in an attempt to convince them to take a certain action.

 Advertising is focused on one particular product or service. Thus, an

advertising plan for one product might be very different than that for another
product. Advertising is typically done with signs, brochures, commercials,
direct mailings or e-mail messages, personal contact, etc

 SAFE DRIVE company gives regular a advertisement in the newspapers and

the cable operators. This is done so that the customers are aware of our
products and our concepts.

Salse promotion

 Sales promotion is an important component of a small business's overall marketing

strategy, along with advertising, public relations, and personal selling.

31
  Sales promotion activity helps in promotion of the sales effectively. More and more
promotion activities are required to induce the consumers to purchase more and more
products and thus they produce the demand. Sales promotion moves products towards
the buyer.

 Sales promotion consists of a diverse collection of incentive tools, mostly short term
designed to stimulate quicker or greater purchase of particular products or services by
consumers or traders.

 Sales promotion describes promotional methods using special short-term techniques

to persuade members of a target market to respond or undertake certain activity. As a
reward, marketers offer something of value to those responding generally in the form
of lower cost of ownership for a purchased product (e.g., lower purchase price, money
back) or the inclusion of additional value-added material (e.g., something more for the
same price).

4.FINANCE DEPARTMENT

INTRODUCTION

 Finance department is responsible for the financial administration and management of

the company in compliance with the financial rules and the financial guidelines acting
in this company. Finance department concerns finance flow management of the

32
 company and is aimed to serving staff, managers, the Board of Directors and
stakeholders and securing the financial health of the company.

 The Department plays an important role in the company and the relations between
organizational units. It is closely cooperate with such company’s divisions as Sales
Department, Administration, Warehouse, Deliveries, and Marketing Department in
the fields of payments, audit, revision, account and cash flow.  The effective
collaboration is the guarantee that all payments, accounts and deposits will be
processed, covered and closed out.

  This is important as proper organization of the finance system inside the company
brings the positive and fundamental effect to the company’s competitiveness, demand
and reputation.

Goals & Services

 The main goal of The Department is to provide the internal and external users of
financial statements with relevant, accurate and timely information and to guarantee
that the required financial revision is closely adhered to in order to protect the assets
of the company.

 The Department takes care of finance flow to ensure that the company operates within
its financial regulations and satisfies various external financial requirements.

 It also ensures that the corporate financial records comply with internal and external
audit. If to look through the activity of The Department, there can be picked out the
following main services it renders:

 Payment of invoices and expenses.

 Income collection and salary management.

 Production and assignment of budgets, capital plans, and cash flow forecasts.

 Monitoring and managing financial plans.

 Auditing and reporting financial condition.

33
  Giving advice on pricing and costing.

Key Positions
 A finance department is comprised of several key positions that bear the burden of
responsibility when it comes to maintaining the cohesiveness and overall productivity
of the department as a unit of the company.

 When you think about the overall structure of the finance department, there are four
key point people that may come to mind:

 The finance director

 Deputy finance director

 Accountant

 Finance specialist

Finance Director

 The finance director is the head of the finance department. This individual will have
the supreme responsibility to ensure that all financial reports are accurate and up to
date. The finance director is tasked with giving a financial forecast for the company
and disclosing certain financial information about the company to the shareholders.
Deputy Finance Director
 The deputy finance director is usually responsible for putting together the companys
annual budget. In this position, the deputy finance director will be responsible for
developing an overall financial strategy. Sometimes referred to as the finance
manager, the deputy finance director is also responsible for managing the finance
departments team of employees.

Accountant
 The next position of importance in the department of finance is the accountant.  The
accountant is responsible for handling the accounts payable and accounts receivable.
Accountants also process payroll. Other duties include putting together financial-
related documents such as reports, auditing, and closing out accounting books.
Finance Specialist

34
  The finance specialist basically handles capital investments. This position may also
require a bit of analytical work such as reconciliations, maintaining the general ledger
and keeping a close eye on the funds of the company.

FIXED CAPITAL COST

No. Particular Amount

1. Land 24,00,000
2. Building 20,00,000
3. Machinery 12,50,000
4. Contingency 1,00,000
5. Preliminary 80,000
Total 58,30,000

WORKING CAPITAL REQUIREMENT

No. Particular No. of days Amount

35
 1. Stock of raw-material 24 3,00,000
2. Work in progress - 1,50,000
3. Finished good 20 2,75,000
4. Debtors 28 2,25,000
5. Routine expenses 30 1,10,000
Total 10,60,000

TOTAL COST OF A PROJECT

= Fixed Cost + Working Capital

= 58,30,000 + 10,60,000
= Rs. 68,90,000

FINANCIAL ARRANGEMETS

36
Source of finance

No. Particulars Bank Own cont. Total Amount

1. Land 18,00,000 6,00,000 24,00,0000
2. Machinery 7,00,000 5,50,000 12,50,000
3. Building - 20,00,000 20,00,000
4. Working capital 8,00,000 2,60,000 10,60,000
5. Prelimilary expenses - 80,000 80,000
6. Other expenses - 1,00,000 1,00,000

Total Rs. 33,00,000 35,90,000 68,90,000

Meansof finance

No. Particular Amount

1. Bank 33,00,000

2. Own contribution 35,90,000

Total 68,90,000

PROFITABILITY OF A PROJECT

Raw-material

No. Particular Amount

1. Abs 5,00,000
2. Colour 80,000
3. Packing 70,000
Total Rs. 6,50,000

37
Salary&wages

No. Particular No. Of Monthly Yearly

Employees Salary Salary
1. Supervision 3 6000 2,16,000
2. Semi-skilled 8 2500 2,40,000
Workers
3. Un-skilled 6 1500 1,08,000
Workers
4. Office staff 5 3000 1,80,000
Total Rs. 7,44,000

Electricity consume

No. Particular Monthly Yearly

Amount Amount
1. Electricity 2650 31,800

2. Water 650 7800

Total Rs. 39,600

Repair& maintenance

No. Particular Monthly Yearly

Amount Amount
1. Repair 600 7200

2. Maintenance 400 4800

Total Rs. 12,000

38
INTREST
No. Particular Monthly Rate Annual
Amount (%) Amount

1. Bank 33,00,000 12% 3,96,000

Total Rs. 3,96,000

DEPRECIATION
No. Particular Monthly Rate Annual
Amount (%) Amount
1. Land&building 44,00,000 10% 4,40,000
2. Machinery 12,50,000 10% 1,25,000
Total Rs. 5,65,000

ADMINISTRATIVE EXPANSES
No. Particular Monthly Yearly
Amount Amount
1. Accountant 3000 36,000

2. Printing &stationary 700 8,400

3. Telephone &postage 1500 18,000

4. Other expenses 1200 14,000

39
 Total 76,800

Selling expensed

No. Particular Monthly Yearly

Amount Amount
1. Advertisement 6000 72,000
2. Transportation & training 4000 48,000
Total 1,20,000

5.HUMAN RESOURCES DEPARTMENT

INTRODUCTION

40
  Human resources is a term used to describe the individuals who make up the
workforce of an organization, although it is also applied in labor economics to, for
example, business sectors or even whole nations.

 Human resources is also the name of the function within an organization charged with
the overall responsibility for implementing strategies and policies relating to the
management of individuals (i.e. the human resources). This function title is often
abbreviated to the initials.

 Personnel management involves planning, organizing, directing and controlling the

procurement, development, compensation, maintenance, etc of the human resource in
an enterprise. It consists of:

 Manpower planning
 Recruitment
 Selection
 Training and Development
 Performance Appraisal
 Compensation and Promotion
 Employees services.

 Human resource management (HRM) is the strategic and coherent approach to the
management of an organization's most valued assets - the people working there who
individually and collectively contribute to the achievement of the objectives of the
business.

 The terms "human resource management" and "human resources" (HR) have largely
replaced the term "personnel management" as a description of the processes involved in
managing people in organizations.

 In simple words, HRM means employing people, developing their capacities, utilizing,
maintaining and compensating their services in tune with the job and organizational
requirement.

 Its features include:

 Organizational management.
 Personnel administration.
 Manpower management.
 Industrial management.

41
  The theoretical discipline is based primarily on the assumption that employees are
individuals with varying goals and needs, and as such should not be thought of as
basic business resources, such as trucks and filing cabinets.

 The field takes a positive view of workers, assuming that virtually all wish to
contribute to the enterprise productively, and that the main obstacles to their
endeavors are lack of knowledge, insufficient training, and failures of process.

 Human Resource Management (HRM) is seen by practitioners in the field as a more

innovative view of workplace management than the traditional approach. Its
techniques force the managers of an enterprise to express their goals with specificity
so that they can be understood and undertaken by the workforce and to provide the
resources needed for them to successfully accomplish their assignments.

 As such, HRM techniques, when properly practiced, are expressive of the goals and
operating practices of the enterprise overall. HRM is also seen by many to have a key
role in risk reduction within organizations.

HUMAN RESOURCES REQUIREMENT

 The recruitment and selection is the major function of the human resource department
and recruitment process is the first step towards creating the competitive strength and
the recruit strategic advantage for the organizations.

42
  Recruitment process involves a systematic procedure from sourcing the candidates to
arranging and conducting the interviews and requires many resources and time. A
general recruitment process is as follows: -

 Identifying the Vacancy

 The recruitment process begins with the human resource department receiving
requisitions for recruitment from any department of the company. These contain:

 Posts to be filled.
 Number of persons.
 Duties to be performed.
 Qualifications required.

 Recruitment refers to the process of attracting, screening, and selecting qualified

people for a job at an organization or firm. For some components of the recruitment
process, mid- and large-size organizations often retain professional recruiters or
outsource some of the process to recruitment agencies.

 The stages in recruitment include sourcing candidates by advertising or other

methods, and screening and selecting potential candidates using tests or interviews

 Recruitment is the process of searching the candidates for employment and

stimulating them to apply for jobs in the organization.

 Whenever there is a need of new staff member or worker for the company, SAFE
DRIVE advertises in the local newspaper. As and when found any new labours, oral
questions are being asked and if they are found suitable for the job, the company
recruits them.

SELECTION

 It is the process of choosing the most suitable candidates from among all the
applicants.

43
  It is the process of matching the qualification of candidates with the requirements of
jobs to be filled. Its purpose is to fit the candidate with the job.

 Selection means the process of interviewing and evaluating candidates for a specific
job and selecting an individual for employment based on certain criteria. Employee
selection can range from a very simple process to a very complicated process
depending on the firm hiring and the position.

 Certain employment laws such as anti-discrimination laws must be obeyed during

employee selection.

 Selection in human resources management (HRM) refers to the process of selecting

candidates to become employees. There are many factors in the selection process.

 In addition to education and other qualifications, HR staff must also assess how well
a candidate will assimilate into the corporate culture as well. The first step in the
selection process is a well written resume and solid answers .

 After receiving the applicants, SAFE DRIVE calls the selected applicants for the
personal interview and thereafter selects on the basis of the merit of person for the
suitable post.

TRAINING& DEVELOPMENT

44
  It is a learning process that involves the acquisition of knowledge, sharpening of
skills, concepts, rules, or changing of attitudes and behaviours to enhance the
performance of employees.
Training is activity leading to skilled behavior.
 Its not what you want in life, but its knowing how to reach it
 Its not where you want to go, but its knowing how to get there
 Its not how high you want to rise, but its knowing how to take off

 Training is about knowing where you stand (no matter how good or bad the current
situation looks) at present, and where you will be after some point of time.

 Training is about the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSA) through
professional development. Training refers to improving competencies needed today or
very soon.

 In comparison, development refers to activities intended to improve competencies

over a long period of time. Training and development, although different from their
focus, are of course closely related to influence the individuals and firms.

 SAFE DRIVE company trains and develops the employees as a result of replacement
of industrial workers with knowledge workers. The company assumes in wake of the
advancement of technology which has resulted in ever increasing competition, rise in
customers expectation of quality and service and a subsequent need to lower costs.

 It is also become more important globally in order to prepare workers for new jobs. In
the current write up, the company will focus more on the emerging need of training
and development, its implications upon individuals and the employers.

Promotion

45
  Vertical advancement within the organisation is called promotion. There is
change in power position, status, authority, salary, etc.

 it helps in motivating employees. A promotion is a transfer of an employee to a

job which pays more money or one that carry some more professional status.

 Promotion means to give employee the reward for their hard work and it is the
employee that helps the company to reach to their desired goals. Promotion is
the best way to motivate any employee.

 In SAFE DRIVE the promotion is given on the basis of performance but it is not
that, the old and hard working employees are neglected. If they are working hard
and the management thinks that the employee should be promoted then he is
given promotion. The company gives importance to all the things i.e.
experience, performance etc.

Transfer

 Transfer means shifting of one employee from one job to another, one unit to
another, one shift to another & may involve in new geographical location.
Transfer may be initiated by any organisation or by employees with the approval
of the organisation. Transfer has many objectives such as moving employees in
position appropriate to their interest.

Demotion

 HRM Discipline Demotions and Separations Discipline is generally administered

when an employee violates company policy or falls short of work expectations
and managers must act to remedy the situation.

 Discipline usually progresses through a series of steps warning reprimand

probation suspension disciplinary transfer demotion and discharge until the
problem is solved or eliminated. Some ineffective managers may be asked to go
for retraining or development others may be promoted to a position ...

EMPLOYEE WELFARE

 Employee welfare means anything done for intellectional physical moral and
economic betterment of the workers, whether by employers, by government or by

46
 other agencies, over and above lwhat is laid by the law, or what is normally expected
on the part of the contracted benefits for which workers may have bargained.

 Employee or labour welfare is comprehensive term including various services,

benefits and facilities offered to employee to the employer. Through such generous
fringe benefits the employer makes life worth living for employes. The welfare
amenities are extended in addition to normal wages and other economic rewards
available to employees as per the legal provisions.

 SAFE DRIVE company provides additional services and benefits to the employees of
the company. This company shows that it takes care of the workers and their
employees so they are inspired to work more efficiently. Welfare services are non-
profit expenses for the company but this in turn will help the company in their bad
times.

SAFE DRIVE company provides the employees with various facilities such as:

 Medical facilities are given to the employees.

 The company also organizes the motivational seminars to develop their skills and
performance which may be useful to the company as well as for their better future.

 The company also provides housing facilities to the employees with no cost of the
electricity, water and various taxes.

6.PROJECT SUMMARY

Total amount cost

47
No Particular Amount
.
1. Raw-material 6,50,000
2. Salary & wages 7,44,000
3. Repair & maintenance 12,000
4. Depreciation 5,65,000
5. Intrest 3,96,000
6. Administration expenssion 78,800
7. Selling expenses 1,20,000
8. Electricity consumed 39,600
Total 26,03,400

Total annual sales

No. Particular Rate Quantity Amount
Rs
1. Bicycle helmet 300 2000 6,00,000
2. Motorcycle helmet 550 4500 24,75,000
3. Sport helmet 700 1200 8,40,000
Total 39,15,000

Net amount profit

Particular Yearly amount
Total annual sale 39,15,000

48
 -Total annual cost (-) 26,03,400
Gross annual profit (G.A.P.) 13,11,600
-tax/liability (-) 1,35,000
Net annual profit (N.A.P.) 11,76,000

Break even point

No. Description Amount Amount
1. Sales - 39,15,000
2. Variable cost:
Raw-material 6,50,000
Salary &wages 7,40,000
Repair &maintenance 12,000
Electrics 39,600
Selling expenses 1,20,000 15,61,600
23,53,400
3. Fixed cost:
Depreciation 5,65,000
Intrest 3,96,000
Administration expenses 76,800 10,37,800

4. Profit 13,15,600

49
 7.PROJECT ADVANCEMENT &
FUTURE PROSPECT

 Every industry has its own future plans. We have also future for our industrial
progress, They are as follows:

 We are trying to meet the all needs and wants of our customers. We are trying to come
out with the best qualitative product. in different size and also with are stable price,
We are confident about our product it Will do best in the market,

 Development is the key of survival and we are very much development for the
purpose of developed we are coming with very plant development With new product
development,

50