SOCIOLOGY OF CRIMES AND ETHICS [15%]

INSTRUCTION: Select the correct answer for each of the following questions. Mark only
one answer for each item by shading the box corresponding to the letter of your choice on
the answer sheet provided. STRICTLY NO ERASURES ALLOWED. Use pencil no. 2 only.

Multiple Choice:

1. One way of classifying criminals is on the basis of etiology. What kind of

criminal is that whose action arises from the intra-psychic conflict between the
social and anti-social components of his personality?
A. Acute C. Chronic
B. Neurotic D. Normal

2. The term criminology was originally derived from the Italian word _____:
A. Criminologie C. Criminologie
B. Criminologia D. Crimienologia

3. This principal character of the criminal justice process links all components
of the CJS.

A. Offender C. Victim

B. Witness D. Crime

4. PNP members shall follow logical procedures in accomplishing tasks assigned to

them to minimize waste in the use of time, money and effort. This police ethical
standards is known as –
A. effectiveness C. discipline
B. orderliness D. efficiency

5. Once a decision is made, PNP members shall take legitimate means to achieve
the goal even in the face of internal or external difficulties and despite
anything which might weaken their resolve in the course of time. This police
ethical standard is –
A. perseverance C. prudence
B. diligence D. patience

6. If the researcher wishes to determine the magnitude of association between the

educational background and performance in the police service, he is trying to
determine the_____.

a. Experimental c. Correlation
b. Descriptive d. Historical

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7. What is the best research design to be used in this study "Attitudes of
Selected Police Investigators of the MPD Toward the Miranda Doctrine"?

a. Descriptive c. Experimental
b. Historical d. Case study

8. This theory is also known as the "labeling theory". Which of these?

A. Social reaction C. Cultural deviance
B. Social control D. Strain

9. This school of thought in criminology states that although individuals have

free will, there are other factors that affect the exercise of their free will,
which cause them commit crimes:
A. Neo-classical C. Utilitarianism
B. Classical D. Positivist

10. PNP members shall recognize the fact that they are public servants and not
the masters of the people and toward this end, they should perform their duties
without being conceited and arrogance. This is –
A. sincerity C. humility
B. honesty D. charity

11. This is the Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and
Employees. Which is being referred?
A. RA 7080 C. RA 3019
B. RA 6713 D. RA 9475

12. Each police officer is allowed a great deal of ________ in deciding what to
do while on beat especially when encountering citizens in the commission of a
violation of the law.
A. responsibility C. discretion
B. authority D. power

13. This is a governmental body that is charged with the responsibility of

administering justice.

A. Law enforcement C. Correction

B. Prosecution D. Court

14. He said that individuals are like human calculators. Before a person commits
a crime, he first analyzes whether the satisfaction he would gain is greater than
the possible negative effect he would have to suffer if the gets caught doing the
crime:
A. Cesare Beccaria C. Edwin Sutherland
B. Cesare Lombroso D. Jeremy Bentham

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15. Who is the founder of the cartographic school of criminology?
A. Adolphe Quetelet C. Enrico Ferri
B. Michael Guerry D. Cesare Beccaria

16. Considered as the highest form of love in the PNP hierarchy of police values.
A. love of women C. love of God
B. selfless love of people D. love of power

17. He founded Sociology and applied scientific methods in the study of society,
which to him passes through stages divided on the basis of how people try to
understand it, leading them to adopt a rational scientific understanding of the
world. Comte called this the positive stage and those who followed his writings
were called,
A. Positivism C. Sociologists
B. Positivists D. Scientists

18. This theory contested the findings of Beccaria’s Free Will Study, stating
that its absence among mentally retardate persons or those with some
psychological imbalances and personality disorders or physical disabilities,
could likewise lead to violation of laws thereby citing said theory as one of
crime causation.
A. Classical Criminology C. Neoclassical Criminology
B. Positivist Criminology D. Social Structure Theory

19. The PNP is the law enforcement agency of the country which is under the
________?

A. Department of Justice

B. NAPOLCOM

C. Department of Interior and Local Gov't

D. Department of Social welfare and Dev't

20. A person who is under custodial investigation is basically protected by a

number of rights mandated under the constitution and this was even expounded in
the legislative statute known as_______?

A. Miranda Doctrine C. R.A. 7438

B. Bill of Rights D. R.A. 6975

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21. This school of thought in criminology states that although individuals have
self-rule, there are other factors that affect the exercise of their autonomy,
which cause them commit crimes:
A. Neo-classical C. Utilitarianism
B. Classical D. Positivist

22. This refers to an individual’s physical features that resemble those of apes
and are said to be factors as to whether a person will become a criminal or not:
A. Atavistic stigmata C. Ape-like peculiarities
B. Ape-like features D. Physical deviation

23. PNP members are upright in character, gentle in manners, dignified in

appearance and sincere in their concern for others. This is the PNP tradition of
–
A. humility C. gentlemanliness
B. valor D. camaraderie

24. It is the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act. Which statute is being
referred?
A. RA 9775 C. RA 7080
B. RA 6713 D. RA 3019

25. This refers to any and all persons related to a public official or employee
within the fourth civil degree of consanguinity or affinity. Which of these?
A. Immediate family C. Family tree
B. First family D. Relatives

26. Who among the following is considered juvenile?

A. Brian who committed a crime of theft
B. Julian who is convicted for the crime slight physical injury
C. Diana who is below the age of majority
D. Kenneth whose age is above 15 but below 18 at the time the commission of
an offense

27. A minor is deemed to be delinquent if –

A. He was brought into repeated conflict with the law regardless whether
he has been taken before a court and adjudged as such
B. He has committed an offense and convicted by final judgment
C. He has been arrested, prosecuted and convicted for the commission of an
offense but his sentence was suspended and subjected him for intervention
D. Any of them

28. The following are the aspects of police-community relations, EXCEPT.

A. Community participation C. Community Service
B. Community involvement D. Public Relations

29. Which is considered a symbol of public faith and public trust?

A. Police uniform C. Philippine flag
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 B. Police logo D. Police badge

30. It is the bestowal of patronage by public officers in appointing others to

positions by reason of blood or marital relationships to appointing authority.
Which is being referred?
A. Marital privilege C. Filial preference
B. Nepotism D. Jus Sanguinis

31. PNP members commit themselves to protecting and respecting the constitutional
rights of all men to liberty, _________ and justice.
A. property C. equality
B. life D. peace

32. He was the one who introduced the following definition of criminology: “It is
the entire body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon. It includes
within its scope the process of making laws, of breaking laws and of reacting
towards the breaking of the laws”:
A. Raffaelle Garofalo C. Edwin Sutherland
B. Cesare Beccaria D. Paul Topinard

33. This theory reflects the way people react to a given situation based on the
social influences they acquired from other people that practically determine
their behaviors. This theory likewise serves as the learning process of
delinquent behaviors and considered as one of the most important theory in crime
causation.
A. Social Disorganization theory
B. Culture Conflict theory
C. Differential Association Theory
D. Social Reaction Theory

34. Labeling theory holds that people enter into law-violating careers when they
are labeled for their acts and organize their personalities around the labels.
This theory is also known as________.
a. Social Learning c. Social Reaction
b. Social Control d. Social Process

35. Refers to the psychological, emotional, and behavioral reactions and deficits
of women victims and their inability to respond effectively to repeated physical
and psychological violence.
a. woman menopausal syndrome
b. Battered woman syndrome
c. violence against woman
d. rape trauma syndrome

36. The frontline defender of democracy in the CJS.

A. Prosecution C. Police
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 B. Correction D. Court

37. It consists the ordering of human relations in accordance with general

principles impartially applied.

A. Privilege C. Justice

B. System D. Right

38. He is responsible in evaluating the evidence the police have gathered and
deciding whether it is sufficient to warrant the filing of charge(s) against the
alleged violator.

A. Investigator C. Judge

B. Prosecutor D. Jury

39. He is an arbitrator in court who ensues that the defense and the prosecution
adhere to the legal requirements of introducing evidences.

A. Clerk of court C. Judge

B. Sheriff D. Jury

40. The first step in hostage situation.

a. crowd control c. control
b. assault d. negotiation

41. Crime is a product of learning the norms, values and behaviors associated
with criminal activity. This is the main premise of___________.
a. Differential Association Theory c. Neutralization Theory
b. Differential Reinforcement Theory d. Social Learning Theories

42. This theory postulates that people commit crime when the forces that bind
them to society are weakened or broken.
a. Containment c. Social Control
b. Social Bond d. Family Control

43. In flagrante delicto means ______?

A. Caught in the act C. Caught after commission

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 B. Instigation D. Entrapment

44. Courts in the Philippines are cloth with the power or try cases submitted to
for adjudication. What term is use in referring to the authority or power to hear
and decided cases.

A. Jurisdiction C. Venue

B. Jurisprudence D. Territory

45. It is the authority of the court to try/hear cases for the first time to the
exclusion of other courts.

A. Original jurisdiction C. Exclusive jurisdiction

B. Appellate jurisdiction D. Concurrent jurisdiction

46. A set of ideas that constitutes one's goals, expectations, and actions. It
can be thought of as a comprehensive vision, as a way of looking at things , as
in common sense, and several philosophical tendencies, or a set of ideas proposed
by the dominant class of a society to all members of this society.
a. religion c. human behavior
b. belief d. ideology

47. A systematic process of starting work on a task of negotiating and dealing

with hostage takers, wherein the primary considerations are the arrangements of
terms and conditions between the authorities and suspects necessary for the
release of the hostages.
a. hostage situation c. negotiation approach
b. hostage taker d. dealing with the hostage taker

48. In a hostage situation, which of the following is non-negotiable demand?

a. gun c. clothes
b. food d. vehicle to be used in escaping

49. During labor disputes, strikes or rallies, members of peace keeping detail
shall maintain themselves outside the ____ radius from the picket line.
a. 50m b. 40m
c. 30m d. 20m

50. Giving unfair breaks to friends and relatives.

a. deviance c. misconduct
b. nepotism d. corruption

51. Police Community relation is___________.

a. The honest effort of both the police and the public to understand one
another.

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 b. A pet project of the DILG
c. Building confidence
d. On its way out

52. Which of the following should be EXCLUDED?

A. Wayward child C. Neglected child
B. Status offender D. Juvenile delinquent

53. What is the philosophy behind the view that youthful offender/child in
conflict with the law is the victim of improper care and that the state is duty
bound to provide them protection?
A. Guardian ad litem C. Patria potestas
B. Loco parentis D. Parens patriae

54. “Best interests of the child” is a philosophical view that in dealing with
the children in conflict with the law, the State shall:
A. Promote the physical, psychological, and intellectual development of
the child
B. Take control of wayward children and provide care, custody, and
treatment to remedy delinquent behavior
C. Make sure that the child who violated the law shall be treated
according to the rules provided by the UN Convention on the Rights of
the Child
D. Ensure that the development of the child will not be prejudiced

55. Policy in exercising utmost restraint by law enforcers in the performance of

their duties.
a. Command responsibility c. Parens patriae
b. maximum tolerance d. Rules of engagement

56. Worst form of graft and corruption in the government.

a. bribery c. malingering
b. abuse of authority d. moonlighting

57. When a terminology used in the study is defined as it is used in the study,
it is called________.

a. Conceptual definition c. Operational definition

b. Dictionary definition d. Lexical definition

58. The opposite of hypothesis is____.

a. Alternative hypothesis c. Null hypothesis

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 b. Assumptions d. Synthesis

59. In Social Control Theory, factors of attachment, commitment, involvement and

belief are termed__________
a. Social Behavior c. Social Contracts
b. Social Bonds d. Social Learning

60. Research design that describes what is, refers to___.

a. Historical c. Descriptive
b. Quasi-experimental d. Correlational

61. Research design that uses interview, observation and documents to obtain in-
depth analysis of data refers to________.

a. Qualitative c. Experimental
b. Quantitative d. Case study

62. When the researcher directly witnesses the events, the data is considered
as_____.

a. Secondary data c. Internal data

b. Primary data d. Witness account data

63. When the researcher manipulates independent variables to determine their

effects on the dependent variables, this design is called____.
a. Historical design c. Experimental design
b. Experimental d. Ethnographic

64. Reason why a police officer must always wear his uniform securely buttoned.
a. loose clothing is shabby
b. a complete uniform gets women’s attention
c. it is a minor offense
d. a neat appearance will command respect

65. What is the primary purpose of a public relation program?

a. to develop mutual understanding between the police and public
b. To plan for a community relation program
c. To recruit new members for community relations
d. To train police officers in community relations

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66. People who take hostages during a period of prolonged frustration, despair,
and problems.
a. psychotic d. common criminals
b. person in crisis e. terrorists

67. The expert handling or a crisis or emergency to reduce or eliminate danger or

damage, or the like , especially on the part of the government.
a. civil dispersal c. crisis management
b. crowd management d. negotiation

68. The term __________applies to actual sexual contact with animal.

a. zoophilia c. pedophilia
b. bestiality d. sexual sadism

69. His theory was that God did not make all the various species of animals in
two days, as what the bible says but rather that the species had evolved through
a process of adoptive mutation and natural selection which led to his conclusion
that man was traced to have originated from the apes.
a. Charles Goring c. Cesare Lombroso
b. Charles Darwin d. Charles de Gualle

70. Austrian Anatomist Franz Gall attempted to determine intelligence and

personality of a person on the basis of the size and shape of the skull and
posited that certain areas of the brain correspond to various psychological and
intellectual characteristics.
a. Phrenology c. Astrology
b. Physiognomy d. Palmistry

71. Crime is a function of competition for limited resources and power. Class
conflict produces crime. These are the forces that make a criminal according to:
a. Social Structural theory c. Conflict Theory
b. Social Process theory d. Developmental or Multiple-factors theory

72. What thesis in the study of crime that advocates the principle that the basis
of all social actions must be the utilitarian concept of the greatest happiness
for the greatness number?
a. Social culture theory c. social control theory
b. Classical theory d. Neo-classical theory

73. The hostage taker may be held liable for the crime of…
a. arbitrary detention. c. kidnapping for ransom
b. illegal detention d. unlawful arrest
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74. The process by which an organization deals with a major event that threatens
to harm the organization, its stakeholders, or the general public.
a. risk analysis c. crisis management
b. hazard reduction d. hostage negotiation

75. Crisis handlers work diligently during this stage to bring the crisis to an
end as quickly as possible to limit the negative publicity to the organization,
and move into business.
a. containment and damage control
b. signal detection
c. preparation and prevention
d. crisis management planning

76. A study Ernst Kretschmer and Wiliam Sheldon showing the relationship
between the physical built of a person to his personality structure and the type
of offense he is most prone to commit is_____.
a. physiognomy c. somatotype
b. phrenology d. psychology

77. Often viewed as the “Founder of the Ecological or Cartographhic School of

Criminology”. He published what was regarded as the first book of scientific
criminology.
a. Cesare Lombroso c. Andre-Michel Guerry
b. Jeremy Bentham d. Lambert Adolphe Jacques Quetelet

78. Behavioral response or reflex exhibited by people due to their genetic

endowment or the process of natural selection.
a. inherited behavior c. id
b. learned behavior d. ego

79. The raw, unorganized, inherited part of personality whose sole purpose is to
reduce tension created by primitive drives related to hunger, sex, aggression,
and irrational impulses.
a. id c. superego
b. ego d. ego-ideal

80. According to Lombroso, these are physical characteristics that distinguish

born criminals from the general population and are throwbacks to animals or
primitive people.
a. physical deviations c. stigmata
b. atavistic anomalies d. ape-like appearance

81. Research design the focus of which are the past, present, and future?
a. Historical c. Experimental
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 b. Descriptive d. Case study
82. When your study focuses on the past events or conditions, you utilize what
research design?
a. Descriptive c. Case study
b. Historical d. Experimental

83. Their view of crimes lend support to each other. Thus, they regarded as the
Holy Three of Criminology.
1. Cesare Lombroso
2. Emile Durkheim
3. Enrico Ferri
4. Raffaeli Garofalo
5. Henry Goddard
a. 2, 3 and 4 c. 1, 3 and 4
b. 3, 4 and 5 d. 5,4 and 1

84. Crimes which occur per 100,000 population per month. It is the theoretical
basis which determines the peace and order situation.
a. index crimes c. crime rate
b. non-index crimes d. crime statistics

85. The view that the people’s behavior is motivated by the pursuit of pleasure
and avoidance of fear.
a. positive c. id
b. utilitarianism d. deterrence

86. Emphasizes human actions in relation to events taking place inside the body,
especially the brain and the nervous system.
a. behavioral perspective c. psychoanalytical
b. neurological perspective d. humanistic

87. Blaming others for his failure.

a. displacement c. scapegoating
b. denial d. projection

88. Unconscious attempt to obtain gratification for id impulses by shifting them

to substitute object that would directly satisfy the impulses are not available.
a. displacement c. scapegoating
b. denial d. projection

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89. This theory focuses on the development of high-crime areas associated with
the disintegration of conventional values caused by rapid industrialization,
increased migration, and urbanization.
a. social disorganization theory
b. differential association theory
c. culture conflict theory
d. maternal deprivation and attachment theory

90. This is a theory by Robert Merton which assumes that people are law abiding
but under great pressure, they will resort to crime.
a. strain theory c. social learning
b. cultural deviance d. anomie

91. The first IQ test was developed by a French psychologist named -

a. Rafael Garofalo c. Albert Bandura
b. Walter Reckless d. Alfred Binet

92. According to the Social Bond theory of Travis Hirschi, the four (4) social
bonds that promote socialization and conformity are the following:
1. attachment 4. commitment
2. involvement 5. morality
3. belief 6. family
a. 1, 3, 5 c.1, 2, 3, 4, 5
b. 1, 2, 3 d. 1, 2, 3, 4

93. The highest ranking field commander should not also be the chief negotiator
because…
a. hostage takers will be afraid
b. he is not authorized to grant concessions.
c. of conflict of interest as mediator and decision maker
d. hostage takers will not trust him.

94. The stage of advance planning, organization and coordination and control in
response to an anticipated future crisis occurrence is called…
a. pro-active phase c. prediction
b. reactive phase d. answer not given

95. The police have the responsibility to recognize that the test of law
enforcement efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder, not the visible
evidence of law enforcement action in dealing with them. Which of the following
supports the preceding statement?
A. That the police must enhance its competence and skills in forensic
investigation
B. That the police must observe maxim tolerance in dealing with public
disorder
C. That the police must strive hard to enhance its crime solution efficiency
D. That the police must focus and concentrate on crime prevention

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96. The police service is a noble profession which demands from its member’s
specialized knowledge and skills, as well as high standards of ethics and
morality. Hence, the police must adhere to and internalize the core values of
love of God, respect for authority, selfless love and service to people, sanctity
of marriage, responsible dominion and stewardship over material things and –
A. trustworthiness C. prudence
B. truthfulness D. industry

97. In consonance with the requirements of honor and integrity in the PNP, all
members must have the moral courage to sacrifice self-interest in keeping with
the time-honored principle of -
A. delicadeza C. fidelity
B. pakikisama D. honesty

98. PNP members are expected by the public not to seek political influence on
matters pertaining to assignment, award, training and promotion. This means that
all PNP members are discouraged to resort to –
A. political patronage C. political corruption
B. partisan politics D. influence peddling

99. Involve sexual arousal in response to unusual stimuli such as children or

other non-consenting persons, non-human objects, or pain or humiliation.
a. abnormal behavior c. sadism
b. paraphilia d. exhibitionism

100. Republic Act 11131, otherwise known as the Philippine Criminology Profession
Act of 2018 defines Criminology as the scientific study of crimes, criminals,
and victims, it also deals with the prevention, and –
a. solution of crimes c. treatment of criminals
b. control of crimes d. disposition of criminals

-ooOoo-

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