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    22 views16 pages

    RNS Geas 1 P PDF

    Uploaded by

    KENNED SABANILLA

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    CHEMISTRY ‘Chemistry is the ecionce that deste withthe composition and proper of substances and various elementary forms of matter. tis sometimes called"the central 1. Matter Matters anything that occupies space andhas mass. It is composed of iny particles called atoms. PEE 1 ©) PeRCoe /earnhud Solid — has atoms or moleaules that are closely packed It has definite volume and shape. Liquid — hae patios whose packing io between that of sold and gas. It has define volume but no specife shape. Gas — nas no dente yolume oF shape. nas particles that sre comparatively separated Plasma — an ionized gas that exist at temperatures stating at several thousand degiees Celsius Bose-Einstein Condensate — a gaseous ‘superfiuid phase formee by atoms cooled to temperatures very near to absolute zero. [Al forme of matior ie compesed of extremely small particles A Election ©. Atom B Molecule D. Nucleus ‘The prozees in which a old changes directly into tS vapor without first forming a liquid is caled A Disition ©. Sotation BB Calcinatin ——_D. Sublimation The stale of matter which oecupies the whole space avaiable is A Sold ©. Liquid 5 Gas D.bom Bac Which of the folowing falls. under ‘uids? A Solid ©. Liguia B Gas D bon Bac A property of matter which can be measured without changing the identity and composition of | 2 subsiance ‘A.Chomica ©. Physical B Extensive D Extinsic Whien of the following i not an extersive property? A length ©. volume B melting point —D. weiaht ‘A reaction with water is an example on. A Physical property B. Chenical property Endothermis property D Exothermic property ‘A substance where al the atoms have the same nuclear charge Element C. Compound 5 Mature D. Metaliid ICT Integrated ECE Review ear 2_2NS—Chenisoy I Fundamental Chemical Laws Ie Law of Conservation of seo Mass can nether be created nor destroyed. A siven compound anys contains xacty the same Froporton of elements by mass. kis orginal caleg ‘Brousts Law: Pe When elements A and 8 frm a series of compounds, the ratio ofmasses of 8 nat combine (in diferent Compounds) wn gram oT can be recuced 1 smal Whol number Ih Atom ‘Atom s the baste ball bck ar mater. is he ‘mates! parle of an slomont Element fa furdamentaltyoe of matter in which all of the atoms in the material are the same. Subatomic Partcl Cer ed Ca aaa Hs ey Proton | +1601 | 167261027 | Nucleus Neutron ° .evasci0% | Nucleus Electron | -16x10-» | 91094x10% | outside G PERCE Learnhub ery ip ‘Atoms of an element having same ‘atomic number but sitferent mass hhumbere aro called 2 Isotones . Homologues C Isotopes D.Isebars “The Isotope of nyarogen is A. Protium (C. Deuterium Teun D allof there ‘The atoms havng diferent atomic umber but the same mass numoer are called 2 Isotones . Homologues C Isotopes D.Iscbars ‘Ine concept mat elestrons revolve around the nucleus in epeotic pathe called orbits 0° energy levels was proposed by A-Rutherford ——C. Niels Bohr BJ. Thompson B.J.d Balmer “The mass of an elecironis A.111437 times of a proton . 1/1836 mes of aproton €. 114800 snes or a proton Dic equalto a proten ‘The net electical charge of an atom under normal state is: A. negative B. positive ©. neutra D-infnite Neutron was discovered by AJJ.Thompson —C. Chadwick 5. Golasten D einstein Electron was discoveres by A-JJ.Thompson — C. Chadwick E. Goldsten D. Einstein ICT Integrated ECE Review BR Chemistry EEE a Sone ‘Atomic Number is the number of protons in the nucteus of an atom, Mass Number is the rumber of protors and neutrons in the nucleus ef an atom. No. of Neutrons =Mass Number - Atomic No. ll. ChemealCaloutaton Atomic Weight the average weight of an element, Calculated using the relative abundance of naturally eccurting isotopes, Atomic Weight = mipy + map. + maps nee: Imp= mass ofisctopes 1, 2,2 Pe percent abundance ofisctopes 4, 2,3 Mole is the amount of pure subsiance containing the same number of chemical unis, as there are etoms in exactly 12 grams of earbon-12. ‘Avogadro'e Numbor 10 a mole of a substance Na = 6.02 x 10% patticles/mole fo tho number of particoe in 7 The number of neutrons in an atom of chlonne wih mass 37 and atemic umber of 17 A 20 car B17 D.37 Q48 Naturally oecuting magnesium consists of 78.7% of "Mg, with atoms of mass 23.93504 amu," 10.13% oF Fig, with atoms of mass 24.93584, and 11.17% Mg, with atoms of mass 5.98259 amu Calculate fe atomic mass of magnesium. A24M amu C.19.65 amu B.2228amu 0.21.42 ame 119 Calculate the percentage of bromine atoms that have a mass of 78.9183, amu and the percentage that have 2 mass of 80.9163 anu. The atomics mase of bromine is 79.909 amu, and these are the only vo naturally occurring isotopes A50.4% & 496% 5.624% 8 37.6% © Se40 8.446% D 346% 865.4% 20 Determine the formula mass of AIC? A238 amu .133.34 amu. 5 156 amu D. 18292 amu Solutions here... ©) PeRCoe /earnhud ICT Integrated ECE Review ear “The formu for calculating among mass, gram-formula mass (alse known a8 molar mass), and tne numoer ot moles: m x Where m=mass of me substance in grams N= melarmasa in grams por mols Se Conversion factor: mole 02. 10% particles Example How many parties are n 2.00 moles ot S037 ‘The equivalent weight is the amount of substance that supplies one gram-nole (that , 6.022 x 10) of reacting unis, a Mw ‘Toxidation Number Where: EW= equivalent weight MW= molecular weight Eh PERCE Learnhud (9.24 Whatis the mass of 00 mol of NH? A50g ©.859 544g D929 22 Calculate the number of molecules in 587g oNK? AL0Sx10% — C.2.01x 10% Bagtxt — p.325x108 23. One mole of CO; contains A.6.02x 102 atoms of C 5.6.02 10° atoms of O © 10.4 10° atoms of Coz D 39 atoms of COs 24 Determine the petcent composition of nitrogenin NH.NO3? A5.037% ©. 35.00% 5 se.95% 0.45% @.25 Given that the fomua mass of oxygen is 32.0. Determine the rhumber of moles in 52.09 of oxygen. A.0615mol0; —C.1.63 mol Oz B 84mal O; D.20 mol 02 9.26 How many grams are tnere in 3.2 mo. of calcium chlerde, CaCl? A 2550 ©1250 B.3550 D.2189 ‘Soluuons here... ICT Integrated ECE Review Empirical formula is a formula that gives the simplest whelo-number ratio of atome in a compound Steps for Determining an Empirical Formula: 1 Stam with me number of grams of each ‘loment. Consider tho amounts you are given as being in urits of crams. If percentage are given, assume that the total mass ofthe substance Io be 100 grams 2. Convert the mass of each element to moles. 3. Divide each mole value by the smallest number of moles calculated 4. Roundcoff the values to the nearest whole number to gel mole rato. This is represented 28 subsenpis in he empirical formula, LE Once the empirical formula is found, the molecular ‘ormula for acompound can te determined i the molar mass ofthe compoundis known. Steos for Determining Molecular Fomula 1 2 ©) PeRCoe /earnhud Find the empirical formula. Find the mase ofthe empirical unit Divide the molecular mass of the compound by the mass ofthe empirical formula ubiply all the atoms (subscripts) of the ‘empirical formula by this ratio to fd the molecular formula, BR Chemistry ‘The chemical formula which shows the relatve number of atoms ‘A Molecular Formula B.Empiical Fermula © Stucturat Formula D. Compound Formula a2r 28 The chemical formula which shows the exact numbers of atoms ‘A Molecular Formula B Empiica Formula © Stucturat Formula D. Compound Formula 929 Calculate the empiical formula of ‘gcese, a simple sugar, ta certain Semple contains 293.4 g of carbon 66.07 9 of hyérogen, and 5242 9 of oxygen ACHO, ©. c,Ho B CHO D. GaHO, 30 Calculate me empincal tormuia of 2 compound composed ef 52.9% Carbon and 47 1% oxygen ACO; ©. C10, B.C. D. cor Q31 Calculate the molecular formula of 2 compound with empiical fomula CH: ‘and molaeularmase 98.0 amu AGH. ©. Gitte 5 CH D.Gate Solutions here... ICT Integrated ECE Review ear §_2NS—Chenisoy Pauli's Exclusion Principle - states that no two electrons i an atom can have the set or quantum numbers ‘Aufbau Principle — electrons fillthe orbital starting atthe lowest possitle energy states betor fing higher states. This 18 used to deteimine the electron contgutation of an tom, molecule orien Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle -siates that tis, ‘mpossiole to know simultaneously both the momentum ane posiion ofa particle vith certainty. Hund’s Rule -siates that every orbial in a subshell is ‘singly occupied with one electron before ary ne orbital 's doubly occupied. Petiods -Hoxizontal rows in the periodic table Group or Families - The vertical columns + Group 1A Alkali Metale Group 2-8 Alkaline Earth Metals Group 3-A Boron Family Group 4-4 Carbon Family Group 5-4 Nitogen Family or Prictogens Group 5-A Oxygen Family of Chaleogens Group 7-A Halogens Group 8-4 Inett or Noble Gases Eh PERCE Learnhud @32 Wotram is me German name to: 2 Merouy B Tungsten C Siver D Gala 933 Stbium is the Latin name for Swe B Tin Antimony D Lead 24 The orptal which i fled frst wall be wat B50 C 6p Dis 35 No two electrons in an alom can have ‘eamo oot of quantum number. Thie Slatementis known as, A-Hunds rule BHelsenberg's uncertainty principle Paulls exclusion principle D Aufoau Principle 2.26 Inthe perindic table, alectronesativity ‘A. decreases irom top to bottom and increases fom lef to right B. decreases irom top to bottom and decreases from left te right © increases ftom top to bottom and decreases irom left te right D_ increases from top to bottom and creases from lef toright ‘Solutions her ICT Integrated ECE Review ar yS~ Chemisty _7 SS ae IV, Classification of Chemical Reaction Chemical reaction is a process in which a substance oF ‘ combination of substances undergoes a change in Appearance or preperties, and furher transform into a Gfferent sunstance o: a combination of new substances. A direct combination or synthesis reaction involves the Combination of two or more reactants to form one product. The reactanis can be elements of compound, Coneral Equation A+B AB ‘A decomposition reaction involves the bre single reactant into two or more products General Equation: AB>A+B IT le-Replacen Ina sincle-eplacement reaction, an uncombined element replaces another elemert that is part of a compound. As 2 result, the replaced element becomes uncombined. General Equation A+BC—>AC+B Ina dovole-replacement reaction, two elements in different compounds replace each other Coneral Equation AB+CD >AD+CB @37 The reastion CaO + H,0 ~ Ca(OH), isan example of ‘A Displacement reaction B Decompesiton reaction © Combination reacton D Double cispiacement reaction 38 The reaction CuSO: + 2nCO, + ZNSO, + CUCO, is an example of ‘A Displacement reaction B Decompesiton reaction ©. Combination reacton| D Double cispiacement reaction 39 The decomposition of a given compound can be camed out ‘A by heating the compound B by passing the electre curent walle heating C. by passing the alestric current D eter by passing elec current or heating io is ‘A substance which whan added to another substance causes a chemical Feactonis called A Reactant ©. Product B Reagent D.Emusier Solutions here... ©) PeRCoe /earnhud ICT Integrated ECE Review ear 8_2NS—Chenisoy V. Solutions Solution is a hemegenous mixture composed of only tone phase. Solute — the substance being dissclved in another substance Solvent —a substance which dissolves another substance ‘The number of moles of solute is divided by the number of moles of solvent and al solutes. Ms 1n= number of moles of each component ‘The number of gram enuivalent weights of solute per liter. solution is “normal if there is exacty one gram ‘equivalent veight per iter. Equivalent weight in grams Vv Normal wi ‘Mola (M) is defined as the number of moles of sclute diszolved in 1 lier of saluson, In other words, mctarty ie a ratio between number of moles of solute and the rhumber cf liters of solution, Beate Q41 Calculate the mole traction of ammonia in a 2.0m solution of NH, inwater 02301 ©. 0.0521 8 0.0347 D.0.0262 G42 The mole fraction of alcohol in water is 0.100. Calculate its malay, A372 c.5.17 5296 Da 43 Calculate te molanty of a 1.5L of a 125M solution after ithae been dilutes to450L. 41333 ©.0.183 5.0833 D671 Solutions hare... Eh PERCE Learnhud ICT Integrated ECE Review ar yS— Chemisty _9 Ea “The number of gram formula weighs (Le., molecular eights in grams) per iter of solution Formula weight in grams ‘Vein a tars Formality Nolality (mis defined as the number of moles of solute

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