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A fjord (also spelled fjiord) is one type of sea inlet. These unique
landforms are long and narrow fingers of the sea that poke water into
coastlines. They have high, vertical, rocky cliffs on parallel sides.
Fjords (say: fyohrds) were carved out by glaciers. Thousands of years
ago, glaciers glided toward the sea, gouging out deep, U-shaped
valleys. When the ice melted, sea levels rose, and water filled the
valleys. Fjords contain very deep water, although they may be
shallower at the seacoast than at their farthest points inland. Norway is
famous for the majestic fjords along its western coast. Some of
Norway's fjords reach more than one hundred miles inland. Fjords are
also found along the coasts of Alaska, British Columbia (Canada),
Greenland, Scotland, Antarctica, New Zealand, and Chile.
Questions
1. Fjords are the effect caused by ______.
4. Norway's most famous fjords are found along its ______ coast.
A. western
B. southern
C. northern
D. eastern
5. Is the water in Norway's fjords salt water or fresh water? What clues in the story make you think this?
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6. Glaciers glided toward the sea, gouging out deep, U-shaped valleys. This sentence contains ______.
A. personification
B. alliteration
C. a simile
D. hyperbole
7. These unique landforms are long and narrow fingers of the sea that poke water into coastlines. This
sentence contains:
A. personification
B. alliteration
C. hyperbole
D. a simile
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Sloths spend most of their time hanging in the treetops. They have
long claws on each front foot. Some sloths have three toes. Others have
two. Sloths sleep in the trees. They sleep a lot. They may sleep about
fifteen hours a day. Sloths also give birth while in the trees. The babies
cling to their mothers. They travel with them for the first nine months
of their life.
Sloths are rarely seen on land. Their back legs are very weak. Their long claws make it hard to travel. They are
good swimmers. Some have been seen falling from the trees into a river. Their long arms help them move through
the water. Maybe that is their chance to see the world at a faster pace.
Questions
1. The sloth is known as the ______ mammal in the world.
A. slowest
B. smallest
C. biggest
D. fastest
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Salt or Herbs?
By Kathleen W. Redman
Many people use salt to add flavor to their food. Salt has sodium in it. Sodium is a
chemical that helps food last longer. It can slow down or stop the growth of germs in
lunchmeats, salad dressings, and cheese products. Our bodies need sodium, but they
need a lot less than we think. Most people use much more salt than they need each day.
Most foods, even fresh ones, have a little sodium in them. We get most of the
sodium in our diets from salt added to processed foods. Some of the foods that contain
the most sodium are tomato juice, soups, canned foods, and prepared mixes.
A little salt is good, but too much sodium can cause or add to health problems, like
high blood pressure and diabetes. The American Heart Association says we should try
to eat less than 1,500 milligrams of sodium per day.
How much salt is that? A four-ounce cheeseburger from a popular fast food store has
almost 1,400 milligrams of sodium in it. That is more than 1/4 teaspoon of salt. It does
not sound like much, but it is. It is almost all the salt we should have in one day!
How can we have less salt in our diets? We can try to do these things:
It is important to learn about healthy eating now. It may not seem like it matters much while you are young. It
does, though. If you eat healthy foods now, you are more likely to be well when you are older.
Salt or Herbs?
Questions
1. What chemical in salt can help food last longer?
A. iron
B. sodium
C. oxygen
D. soy
2. Sodium can slow down or stop the growth of ______ in some foods.
A. germs
B. fungus
C. dirt
D. grass
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3. Our bodies need more sodium than most people get in a day.
A. true
B. false
4. According to the American Heart Association, how many milligrams of sodium should we have each day?
A. one thousand
B. two thousand
C. one hundred
D. one thousand five hundred
5. We can cut out some of the salt in our diets by eating more fresh foods.
A. false
B. true
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Astronomer
By Cindy Grigg
Look up at the sky at night. See all those silvery shimmering stars?
Would you like to learn more about what you see up there? You might
like to be an astronomer! Astronomers study our solar system. They
study the sun and the planets. They want to learn more about them.
They want to know what will happen to our sun as it gets older. They
want to know if people might live on another planet one day. They
study our Milky Way Galaxy. They study other stars and galaxies, too.
They study the whole universe! Astronomers must take many science
classes while they are in school. They must be able to use math and
computers. They must be able to use telescopes and cameras so they
can take pictures of objects in space. Most astronomers work at
colleges and universities. They teach classes. They study and do
research to learn more about what is out in space.
Astronomer
Questions
1. What do astronomers study?
A. stars
B. our sun and its solar system
C. galaxies
D. all of the above
2. Which of these tools would an astronomer probably NOT need to use in his or her job?
A. computer
B. telescope
C. balance scale
3. Alliteration is the repetition of the same sounds at the beginning of words. Find an example of alliteration
in this story and write it here.
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You might think that everyone in America has enough to eat. After all,
it is called the land of opportunity. However, many families go hungry.
Rebecca's mother tried many things. She didn't eat very much so that
her children had enough food. She even did her own dental work. Ouch!
She sadly sold some old family jewelry. These heirlooms were special to
her. But she wanted to buy food for her children. One day a friend told
them about the local food bank. Rebecca's family got groceries there. It
helped them a lot.
Many of these people live in rural areas. These people live in the country. They live outside of towns. They
spend extra money for gas. A medical expense can strain the family's budget. Rebecca's mother was very grateful
for the food bank.
Shelves at the food bank were stocked with food. A forklift put the food on the shelves. Bright cans of
vegetables and fruits looked cheerful. Volunteers helped to stack the food, too. It looked like a real grocery store!
Rebecca's mother filled out a form. A nice volunteer showed her how to shop. She used a shopping cart. She got
canned soup. She got cereal. She got milk. She even got some fresh donuts. The volunteer treated the family with
respect. Rebecca liked going there. She liked to help push the cart. Rebecca felt happy at the food bank.
Someday, Rebecca's dad will be well. Her family wants to help others at the food bank. Rebecca's family is
looking forward to that!
Questions
1. Many families in America go hungry.
A. True
B. False
2. What is the official term for someone who does not get enough to get?
A. food insecure
B. food lacking
C. starving
D. none of the above
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8. What is the term for someone who gives their time to help at the food bank?
A. volunteers
B. employees
C. students
D. supervisors
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A Good Idea
By Mary Lynn Bushong
"Well, why not?" asked Mom. "It is a gift for the wild birds. Tell me,
why did we feed the birds all summer?"
"To make it easier for them to feed their babies," said Jared.
Jared thought about it for a few minutes. "Maybe because they get
used to coming over for food?"
"That is part of it," said Mom. "Winter is also a hard time for birds
to find food. Some birds starve when it gets cold and there is snow on the ground."
She stopped the shopping cart next to a big pile of birdseed bags. Jared watched as she picked up two bags and
put each one in the cart.
"That is a lot of seeds," said Jared. "Why are you getting so much?"
"I like to make sure I have enough. When I empty one bag, I will put birdseed on my shopping list. But I will
still have one bag at home to keep me from running out. The birds depend on this food. I wouldn't want them to
go hungry before I have a chance to get more," said Mom.
"That would be sad," said Jared. He thought about it for a few seconds. "I would not want the birds to go
hungry. Maybe we should get another bag just to be sure."
Mom smiled and ruffled his hair with her hand. "That is good thinking. We will get another bag."
A Good Idea
Questions
1. What word did Jared see on the Christmas list?
A. oil
B. birdseed
C. peanuts
D. strawberries
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3. Putting out birdseed in summer helps the birds raise their babies.
A. true
B. false
8. What can make it hard for birds to find food in the winter?
A. rain
B. cold
C. snow
D. grass
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