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 THE
UNJVEflSlTV nr ii

The CRISIS
Vol. 9—No. 1 NOVEMBER, 1914 Whole No. 49

ONE DOLLAR A YEAR c^^ 8

TEN CENTS A COPY
"Out of the House of Bondage"
The latest and greatest book from the pen of

PROFESSOR KELLY MILLER

"No man of his race has so sure a power of prunning falacies with passionless
intellectual severity." —Boston Transcript.
"The man searches deeply into underlying causes." — St. Joseph, Mo., News-Press.

"Aphilosophic treatise." — Charlotte, N. C, Observer.

"No student of social conditions of America at the present time will want to fail to see
it —
on his shelves." Southern Workman.

242 Pages. Price $1.50.

Agents Wanted Everywhere

Address: Prof. KELLY MILLER, Howard University

Washington, D. C.

A Life of
Norris Wright Cuney
By
MAUD CUNEY HARE
(His Daughter)

Would you like to read about a red-blooded man who was one

of the great leaders of Negro Americans? Would you like to inspire

your children with the life of this "Tribune of the Black People"?

250 pages. Postpaid, $1.50. Best terms to agents.

THE CRISIS
70 Fifth Avenue New York City
^J £> ^> * \r*~ **-> \J w-*

CL ft

THE CRISIS
A RECORD OF THE DARKER RACES
PUBLISHED BY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF
COLORED PEOPLE. AT 70 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY
Conducted by
W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS
AUGUSTUS GRANVILLE DILL, Business Manager

Contents Copyrighted, 1914, by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Contents for November, 1914

PICTURES
COVER PICTURE, "November." Photograph from life. By L. M. Miner.
COLORED Y. M. C. A. BUILDINGS 14, 32, 35
"OUT OF AFRICA HAVE I CALLED MY SON" 26, 27
FOUR COLORED DONORS TO Y. M. C. A. BUILDING FUNDS 34

ARTICLES
WHERE DOES YOUR CONGRESSMAN STAND? 22
THE BURDEN OF BLACK WOMEN. A Poem 31
THE COLORED Y. M. C. A. By C. H. Tobias 33
THE GOLDEN-FACED PEOPLE. A Story by Nicholas Vachel Lindsey 36
TWO BOOKS 42

DEPARTMENTS
ALONG THE COLOR LINE 7
MEN OF THE MONTH 12
OPINION 15
EDITORIAL 28
THE BURDEN 45

TEN CENTS A COPY; ONE DOLLAR A YEAR

FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS TWENTY-FIVE CENTS EXTRA
RENEWALS: When a subscription blank is attached to this page a renewal of your subscrip-
tion is desired. The date of the expiration of your subscription will be found on the wrapper.
CHANGE OF ADDRESS: The address of a subscriber can be changed as often as desired.
In ordering a change of address, both the old and the new address must be given. Two weeks'
notice is required.

MANUSCRIPTS and drawings relating to colored people are desired. They must be accom-
panied by return postage. If found unavailable they will be returned.

Entered as Second-class Matter in the Post Office at New York, N. Y.

3291Q0
 .

THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

Atlanta University MOREHOUSE COLLEGE

Is beautifully located in the City of Atlanta,
Ga. The courses of study include High
School, Normal School and College, with
manual training and domestic science. Among
the teachers are graduates of Yale, Harvard,
Dartmouth and Wellesley. Forty-five years
of successful work have been completed.
Students come from all parts of the South.
Graduates are almost universally successful.
For further information address
President EDWARD T. WARE
(Formerly Atlanta Baptist College)
ATLANTA, GA.
Academy, Divinity School
College,
An institution famous within recent years
for its emphasis on all sides of manly develop-
—
ment the only institution in the far South
devoted solely to the education of Negro
young men.
Graduates given high ranking by greatest
northern universities. Debating, Y. M. C. A.,
athletics, all live features.

ATLANTA, GA. For information address

JOHN HOPE. President

Knoxville College ST. MARY'S SCHOOL

Beautiful Situation. Healthful Location.
The Best Moral and Spiritual Environ- An
Episcopal boarding and day school for
under the direction of the Sisters of St.
ment. A
Splendid Intellectual Atmos- girls,
Mary. Address
phere. Noted for Honest and Thorough
Work. THE SISTER-IN-CHARGE
Offers full courses in the following departments:
College, Normal, High School, Grammar School and
611 N. 43d St. W. Philadelphia, Pa.
Industrial.
Good water, steam
age.
heat, electric lights, good drain-
Expenses very reasonable.
Opportunity for self-help.
AVOID BAD SCHOOLS
Educate your children at home under our expert teachers
Fall Term Began September, 1914.
For information address |Courses for Adults
President R. W. McGRANAHAN 5 Pupils received at any time. Write to
KNOXVILLE. TENN. Educational Extension School, Box 3194 Station F, Washington, D. C.
Highly Endorsed. Financially Responsible.

THE GENERAL
The Agricultural and HOSPITAL
Mechanical College SCHOOL FOR
NURSES
Colored Department
Moral atmosphere and home in-
Maintained by the govern- fluences. Thoroughly modern
training. Eight hour duty. Prac-
ments of North Carolina and tical experience under Profes-
sional guidance. Laboratory,
of the United States. Open Surgical, Obstetrical, Medical
and Contagious cases. Scientific
all the year round. For instruction in Dietetics. Special
private nursing. Graduates eligi-
males only. Fall term be- ble to State Registration and
National Red Cross Nursing
gan September i, 19 14. Service. Address,

MISS HARRIET LECK, Principal. KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI.

Board, lodging and tuition,
$7 per month. Best oppor-
tunities for Negro youth. SPECIAL OFFER •
Night school for indigent
A year's subscription will be given free
but ambitious young men. to anyone sending in at one time five
paid-up yearly subscriptions to THE
For catalog or further infor- CRISIS. This offer holds good until
mation, address mid-night, December 31, 1914.

PRESIDENT DUDLEY THE CRISIS

A. & M. College Greensboro, N. C.
One Dollar A Year
70 FIFTH AVENUE NEW YORK
Mention The Crisis
 :

THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

The National Religious Training School

"I cordially commend the school's interest and needs to all who believe
in the Negro race and in our obligation to help promote its intellectual, moral
and religious uplift."
— Rev. Dr. Charles H. Parkhurst, New York City.

IT IS MORE THAN A MERE SCHOOL

IT IS A COMMUNITY OF SERVICE AND UPLIFT
Its influence is destined to be felt in all sections of the country in improved
Negro community life wherever our trained workers locate.
Settlement workers, missionaries for home and foreign mission fields, Y. M. C. A.
and Y. W. C. A. secretaries and district nurses receive a comprehensive grasp of their
studies under a Wellesley graduate and experienced co-workers and actual every-day
practice through the school's SOCIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT.
We aim alsoto create a better qualified ministry.
Industrial training, advanced literary branches, business school.
Thirty-two acres ; ten modern buildings ; healthful location.
We can accommodate a few more earnest, ambitious students.
Communities requiring social workers should write us.

For catalog and detailed information address

PRESIDENT JAMES E. SHEPARD
National Religious Training School Durham, N. C.
The school has no endowment fund and must raise a yearly maintenance fund
of $15,000 for running expenses. Won't you help us this year?

The Cheyney Training School for Teachers

CHEYNEY, PENNSYLVANIA

Under the management of the Society of Friends. Beautifully located,

healthful, well appointed, and within easy reach of a great variety of educa-
tional institutions, public and private, extending from West Chester to
Philadelphia representing a wide range of educational problems and
;

practice.

This school offers to young colored men and women who have a reasonable
secondary school preparation, and who earnestly desire to become teachers,
carefully graded courses in academic work, domestic science, domestic art,
manual crafts For teachers of experience and intending
and agriculture.
teachers it summer-school course during the months
offers also a six weeks'
of July and August. Tuition is free. Board, lodging, heat, light and
laundry privileges are offered for nine months for $100. The charge for
the same during the summer-school course is $15. Write for particulars to

LESLIE PINCKNEY HILL, Principal

Mention The Crisis

 :

THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

OF INTEREST TO VOCAL STUDENTS
TONE-PLACING AND
THE XMAS CRISIS
VOICE- DEVELOPMENT FIRST: a cover in two colors with
Points explained, viz.
Singing,
Breath in
Trying the Voice, the
:
one of the BEAU- MOST
Soprano, the Mezzo-Soprano, the TIFUL, not the most
if
Contralto, Tenor Leggiero or High
Tenor, the Baritone, the Bass,
beautiful of the beautiful
Parts of the Vocal' Apparatus, the CRISIS covers
Mouth, the Tongue, Position when
Practising, Position when Singing,
How to Practice, Good Rules for
"ANNUNCIATION," a
Singing. lifestudy by Battey, the tal-
Comment from the conductor of the Paulist Chor- ented artist in photography.
isters, the celebrated choral society which received
the first prize awarded at the International Singing
Contest held in Paris on May 25, 1912: SECOND: a remarkable ARTICLE
on
"Dear Mr. Tinsley: the scientific meaning of
"I take great pleasure in commending your very
useful and succinctly written book on 'Tone-Placing racial differences by one of
and Voice-Development.' Your own appreciation of the greatest living authori-
the psychology of singing and the fundamental prin-
ciples of the art you have cleverly reduced to a ties, DR. JACQUES LOEB,
simple system. Cordially yours,
"Father WILLIAM FINN,
C. S. P.,
of the Rockefeller Institute.
J.
Director Paulist Choristers of Chicago."
From "Musical Courier," N. Y. "A very practical
:
THIRD a CHRISTMAS STORY,
littlebook is 'Tone-Placing and Voice-Development,' of course.
by Pedro T. Tinsley. It contains some very excellent
material and vocal exercises, and should be in the
hands of all vocal students."
From "Music News," Chicago, 111.: "Accordingly
his 'Practical Method of Singing' is a most concise
and practical little manual, containing many valuable
vocal exercises. It cannot fail to be helpful to all
THE CRISIS CALENDAR
ambitious vocal students."
HELPED HIM GREATLY At last we have a calendar worthy of
"Since I practised your exercises of 'Tone-Placing The CRISIS and of the Negro race.
and Voice-Development' my voice is more resonant
than it has been for years. It seems to me that I
am getting a new voice." Prof. John T. Layton,
It has QUOTATIONSfrom Negro
Director Coleridge-Taylor Musical Society, 1722 10th authors for each WEEK
in the year,
St., N. W., Washington, D. C.
selected by B. G. BRAWLEY, the fore-
PRICE $1.00
Address the publisher: Pedro T. Tinsley, 6448 Drexel
most of our younger literary men.
or Clayton F. Summy, 64 E. Van
Ave., Chicago,
Buren St., or
111.;
Lyon & Healy, Adams and Wabash It has an HISTORIC EVENT of in-
Ave., Chicago, 111. Americans for each day
terest to colored
in the year, selected by L. M. HER-
A XMAS GIFT ? SHAW, the well-known publicist.
What better Xmas gift to your friend than
a year's subscription lo the CRISIS ?
It has 12 leaves, is printed in two col-
We
have neat and attractive Xmas cards to ors on fine paper, 11 by 8J/2 inches, and
announce such a gift which we shall be glad to sells for only 25 cents. READY DE-
send for the asking. CEMBER FIRST.
THE
One
CRISIS
Dollar Per Year
This information is worth passing on
70 FIFTH AVENUE NEW YORK to your friends.

"A MOTHER'S LOVE"

is the title of one of our five new Negro pictures, just off the press.
It young colored mother fondling her sturdy babe.
portrays a beautiful
Painted in 2 colors it is rich and elegant and every home should
1

have a copy hanging on its wall. Write us for description of our new
pictures and terms to agents. For 5 cents in stamps we will send a
1

sample copy of "A JOYFUL WELCOME

INTO HEAVEN",
the picture which our agents have sold 25,000 copies of during the
past few months.

AGENTS WANTED EVERYWHERE

The Douglas Specialties Co.
Department K
3548 Vernon Avenue, Chicago, :: 111.
(Trade Mark)

Mention The Crisis

 THE CRISIS
Vol. 9 -No. 1 NOVEMBER,
MUSIC AND ART
TV/1"R- RICHARD B. HARRISON gave a
*•» series of recitals in Boston, New York
and Philadelphia. His programs included
scenes from "The Merchant of Venice,"
"Julius Caesar," "Macbeth," and "Damon
and Pythias."
€| The Music School Settlement for Col-
ored People, formerly at 257 West 134th St.,
New York, has removed to larger quarters
at 4 and 6 West 131st Street. J. Rosamond
Johnson, the well-known composer, is gener-
al supervisor and there is room for 500
students.
<| The choir of the Towne Avenue A. M. E.
Church of Los Angeles, Cal., gave in Sep-
tember their third annual recital. The sup-
plemented chorus of 150 voices, drawn from
several of the church choirs of the city, was
assisted by an orchestra of 13 instruments
with pipe organ and piano. This choir and
the baritone, Mr. Emanuel Hall, are said
to be in constant demand by both white and
colored religious organizations in and about
the city of Los Angeles. Mr. William M.
Bynum is the director and Mr. Elmer C.
Bartlett, organist.
C| On Wednesday night, August 26th,
pantomime and poses were given before a
large audience at St. Paul A. M. E. Church,
Washington, Pa. The undoubted artistic
and financial success of the entertainment
was due to the management of Mrs. E. R.
Butler, wife of the pastor of the St. Paul
A. M. E. Church. Mrs. Butler secured the
services of Miss Hallie Q. Brown for the
training of 32 young women who took part
in the entertainment.
1914 Whole No. 49
C| During the month of August in the audi-
torium of the Arizona School of Music at
Phoenix, Ariz., a company composed of col-
ored amateur players assisted by pupils of
the U. S. Indian School, gave an interesting
performance of Shakespeare's Richard III.
before a large mixed audience. The Arizona
Gazette says of the performance "The per-
:
formers .were letter perfect in their several
parts and rendered the difficult lines with
dignity and a large measure of apprecia-
tion, and the keen understanding of the play
was a credit to performers and audience
alike.The leading role was accejDtably filled
by James H. Robinson, who staged the play
and conducted the rehearsals."
C| The Music Department of Wiley Univer-
sity, Marshall, Texas, has secured the serv-
ices of Carl Diton as director of music.
Mr. Diton will have charge of one of the
best music schools of the southwest, the fac-
ulty of which comprises five teachers repre-
senting New England Conservatory, Ober-
lin Conservatory, Wiley and Fisk Universi-
ties. Mr. Diton is well known as a pianist
in the East.
^ Mme. Viola Spikes-Kitchen, a pianist of
a Los Angeles, Cal., gave a piano recital at
Bethel A. M. E. Church, Dallas, Texas, on
September 29th.
<J The Saxaphone Trio, composed of three
colored young men of Lexington, Ky., was
one of two dance orchestras engaged to play
for the Louisville Hop Club, an exclusive
social club of Louisville, Ky., at their dance
given on September 11th. The second or-
chestra, composed of seven pieces from the
Majestic Theatre, was to play alternately
8 THE
with the Trio. After the first numbers of
the program, a general demand was made
for Goodwin's Saxaphone Trio alone, to the
retirement of the white orchestra. The Sax-
aphone Trio was engaged later for the com-
ing Christmas dance.
1][ "Burkes and Arbuckle Company" is the
name of an enterprising firm of music pub-
lishers, composed of colored men of Boston,
Mass. An anthem "I Will Extol Thee," by
Mrs. Lillian Irene Harding of Cambridge,
Mass., is one of their latest publications.
<} Mr. Sidney Woodward, tenor, of Atlanta,
Ga., one of the foremost singers of the race,
was heard in an interesting song recital at
Ebenezer Church, Boston, Mass., on Septem-
ber 23d.
€J Miss C. Delpha Boger, teacher of music
of the State College, Orangeburg, S. C, was
heard both in recital and private musicales
in Boston, Mass., during the summer months.
Miss Boger possesses a voice which gives
much pleasure and is a singer of rich imagi-
nation and understanding.
SOCIAL UPLIFT
MR.book CHARLES EDW. RUSSELL'S
on Wendell Phillips has been de-
layed on account of his absence in Europe.
The publisher expects to issue it in January.
<J St. Mark's M. E. Church, N. Y. C, has
dedicated a new $50,000 parish house. This
house will provide baths, billiard rooms and
quarters for the pastor's family.
Cfl The Governor of Virginia has designated
a bank to hold the $55,000 appropriation
made by Congress for an emancipation ex-
position. The exposition will be held at
Fort Lee and will be chiefly agricultural.
<% The Oklahoma State Federation of Col-
ored Women's Clubs met at El Reno. Mrs.
Judith Horton of Guthrie was elected pre-
sident and Mrs. Sadie E. Carey of Guthrie,
chairman of the executive board. The retir-
ing president was presented with a memorial
and made permanent chairman of a legisla-
tive committee which is pushing a bill to es-
tablish a reformatory for colored children
in the state.
<I The baseball team of the 25th infantry
has won the inter-regimental baseball pen-
nant at Sehofield Barracks, Hawaiia.
€J Kansas City has a federation of colored
charity with a white and colored board
which is to raise $7,500 a year for charitable
work.
CRISIS
CJ The Wissalhckon School Club, a colored
organization of Philadelphia, has been suc-
cessful in athletics, beating the Germantown
Boys' Club, a white organization, and one
of the largest of its kind. The colored boys
won 16 medals, 4 running suits, 1 gold watch
and 4 silver cups.
€J Indianapolis has one colored Are com-
pany, No. 16, established at Ashland Ave-
nue and 16th Street.
C]J A new colored business directory of Phil-
adelphia has been published.
^ The Association for the care of Colored
Orphans of Philadelphia, has purchased five
acres of land at Cheney, Pa. They will
build there an administration building and
two cottages at the cost of $35,508.
C]J A colored neighborhood association was
formed in New York at a recent meeting in
the Harlem branch of the Public Library.
This association is the first of a series that
will be launched later, through different
parts of the city.
•1 As soon as a suitable farm site is selected
the Mercy Hospital for colored people will
be moved from Philadelphia into the coun-
try where the facilities for outdoor treat-
ment will be much greater. This hospital
will have an entire colored corps.
<J Mrs. Herman Goller, a white woman of
Philadelphia, inherited $60,000 from her
father who made this money on a tobacco
plantation in the South with colored labor-
ers chiefly. He stipulated in his will that
she should use the money for the uplift of
colored people and, in order to do this, she
is building houses in good neighborhoods
and renting or selling to colored people.
She recently rented a $7,500.00 house in a
white neighborhood to a well-known colored
family. The neighbors are very indignant.
C| The report of the two colored branch
libraries in Louisville, Ky., shows that 85,985
volumes were circulated during the past
year, an increase of 13,763 over last year.
Two hundred and ninety meetings were held
in the assembly room.
<I The colored people of Harlem are be-
ginning to protest again against the license
allowed to certain dens of vice in their
midst. A deputation has waited on the po-
lice and one thorough raid by the police has
been made.
<| A colored porter by his coolness during a
firein the subway in New York City was
the means of saving the lives of more than
one hundred panic stricken passengers. He
 :

ALONG THE COLOR LINE

stood his ground calmly and directed them Cfl The Jeanes' Fund co-operated last year
to safety. with 118 county school superintendents in
Cfl Mr. Charles Burroughs announces a re- 12 states. The supervising teachers visited
cital of poetry and verse of contemporary 2,853 schools and raised $65,413.
American and British authors at the Berke- Cfl A new public school for colored children,
ley Theatre, New York City, on November valued at .$100,000, was opened in Savannah,
6th. The program will include examples of Ga., on October 1.
the work of Robert Service, Henry Van
Cfl John Henry Lewis received the M. A. de-
Dyke, Alfred Noyes, Madison Cawein, and
gree at the' summer convocation of Chicago
others.
University. Mr. Lewis graduated from Yale
CJ Miss May Miller, the fifteen-year-old
in the spring.
daughter of Prof. Kelly Miller of Howard
C]I Colored people of Caroline County, Va.,
University, won first prize for the best es-
have built three two-room graded schools,
say and drawing on "Animal Pets" offered
costing $1,200 each, and one three-room
by the Washington Post. This contest was
open to all persons under seventeen years
school, costing $1,800, in the past two years.
Miss Irene Miller, a younger daugh-
At present they are constructing two schools
of age.
worth $1,200 and one worth $2,500. Six of
ter, won the prize for the first correct
these schools will receive $22 from the state
answer to the puzzle published in the Chil-
and the seventh $100.
dren's Number of The Crisis.
The answers were Cfl The Mother Superior of the Sisterhood
Word Square: Rhymed Enigma: of the Blessed Sacrament has opened a paro-
Card Douglass chial school in the Harlem district of New

Aria York City, which will accommodate 360 col-

Rill Charade: ored boys and girls. The Mother Superior
Dale Night mare was formerly Miss Katherine Drexel, daugh-
Numerical Enigma: ter of the Philadelphia banker. She has
Make hay while the sun shines. founded sixteen schools for Negroes and
A
half dozen other correct answers were Indians.
received but Miss Miller's was the first. CJ The boys' dormitory of Miles Memorial
College in Birmingham, Ala., was recently
ECONOMICS destroyed by fire.

rT*HE Savannah Tribune has published a

-* thirtieth anniversary edition of 32
pages giving an excellent history of the col- MEETINGS
ored churches, schools and fraternal orders
in the city.
r
I A HE Biennial Movable Committee of the
-*•
Odd Fellows met in Boston during the
CJ A colored broker in Baltimore estimates
week of September 13. Edward H. Morris
that the colored people of that city own
was re-elected Grand Master. The parade,
property worth between seven and ten mil-
which was the largest of its kind ever given
lions.
by colored people in Boston, was partici-
CJ The Pioneer Building and Loan Associa-
pated in by 6,000 men, the majority of
tion of Philadelphia has increased its in-
whom were in uniform.
vestment assets in the last ten years from
•J The colored Baptists of Iowa and Nebras-
$27,563 to $71,805.
ka held their annual convention in Septem-
CJ Various colored commercial enterprises
ber at Des Moines.
in V ississippi are in financial difficulties,
Cfl Colored fairs were held in many parts of
among them the bank in the colored town of
the South during October.
Mound Bavou which has closed its doors.
The City Federation of Colored Women's
Cfl

Clubs met in Chicago. There were 275

EDUCATION women representing 52 clubs. They voted
r I"\HE city of Atlanta has abolished the to join the United Charities.
double session in the white schools but Cfl At a meeting of the Equal Rights Con-
the colored schools still have two sessions a vention in New York .Mr. J. E. Spingarn
day and even then cannot accomodate the said: "I am tired unto death of hearing
] ui >l s - some of your leaders repeat that you have
10 THE CRISIS

bothered too much about rights and too little
about duties. This sharp distinction be-
tween rights and duties is an illusion; for
how can you perform any duty without its
corresponding privileges'? How can you
perform the duties of a citizen for example,
tfl Mr. Caveness of El
Paso, Texas, has been
appointed on the Grand Jury of that county.
t| Two hundred colored men met in Birm-
ingham to protest against their exclusion
from the councils of the Republican party.
<| Mrs. Mary C. Byron, a juvenile court

unless you have the right to perform them? worker in Chicago, has been sent by the Na-
No, we believe in the rights of all men, and tional American Woman Suffrage Associa-

by 'rights' we mean that combination of pri- tion to campaign among the colored people

vilege and obligation which makes up the of Missouri on behalf of the 13th amend-
rounded life of citizens and of men." ment, the amendment which would bring
about suffrage in that state. Mrs. Byron is
the only colored organizer sent into any of
CHURCH the seven campaign states by the women
suffragists.
THE National Baptist Convention had a
stormy time in Philadelphia but seems
after all to have made progress. The Home
PERSONAL
Mission Board was separated from the Pub- TV/fR. GEORGE F. BETTS, for 50 years
lishing Board and placed under Dr. Joseph *** head waiter at Young's Hotel, Boston,
A. Booker, of Little Rock, Ark. The Pub- Mass., died recently. He was perhaps the
lishing Board under Dr. R. H. Boyd was best known man in his profession.
brought into closer connection with the Na- ^ William E. Scott the colored artist of
tional Convention by being placed under a Indianapolis won the grand prize for a
'

committee. Finally the crying evil of elect-
ing the president of the Convention by ac-
clamation without giving the delegates a
chance to vote is to be done away with after
this year.
The thirtieth annual conference of (Epis-
<J
copal) Church Workers among Colored Peo-
painting at the Indiana State Fair, and also
a third prize and a prize for general ex-
cellence.
^ Major C. A. Fleetwood of Washington,
•D. C, is dead. He was a veteran of the
•
civil war and well known in social circles.
C| Dr. W. R. Pettiford, founder and presi-

ple was held in New York City, with a num- dent of the oldest Negro bank in America,
ber of delegates from various parts of the died recently.
country. <]} Lieut.-Col. Allen Allensworth of Califor-
C| The Provident Baptist Church of Los An- nia was recently killed by a motor cycle.

geles, under the Pastortate of the Rev. Al- He was a former chaplain in the U. S. army.
fred C. Williams, has bought a new edifice <][ Isaac Fisher, editor of the Negro Farmer,

which will be an institutional church. published at Tuskegee Institute, has made a

t| The First Calvary Baptist Church of Nor- remarkable record in the winning of prizes
folk, Va., is doing notable work in social for tersely and pointedly-put comments on
uplift among the colored people. various topics. His last exploit was the tak-
<| The St. James Colored Presbyterian ing of a prize of $500 offered by Every-
Church of New York City has broken body's Magazine for an essay on "What
ground for the erection of a $63,000 edifice We've Learned About Rum." There were
on West 137th Street. It is planned to have 9,000 competitors, including Congressman
a gymnasium, and a roof garden. Hobson of Alabama.
€]J
The colored women of the Baptist Church •jf
David H; Clarke who was accidently
raised year $19,471 for the training-
last killed in the Canal Zone was a prominent
school at Washington. Local societies raised member of various colored orders.
$17,087 for state missions and education, CJ John Woodson, a colored man, has been
making $36,558 for the year. appointed to the New York Fire Depart-
ment and assigned to duty in Brooklyn.

POLITICS
TN the recent primary of the Republican FOREIGN
party in Chicago two colored men, Major r
I \HE South
African natives in an appeal
R. R. Jackson and A. II. Roberts, were nom- *
to the English Parliament show in an
inated for the legislature. astonishing wav the confiscation of their land
 ALONG THE COLOR LINE 11

by the English. They say that in the Union at a colored church inHanover, Va., but his
of South Africa 1/250,000 whites own 264,- congregation objected and he gave up the
000,000 acres of land, while the 4,500,000 appointment.
natives have only 21,000,000 acres. Cfl A Negro Morals Commission of Minne-
<|Because of the scarcity of colored teach- apolis, Minn., has been trying in vain to
ers in the Transvaal, South Africa, a num- have two low dives closed where vicious col-
ber of the colored schools have had to close. ored people are allowed to congregate.
Almost nothing' is done for the training of
^ White people of Louisville, Ky., have
teachers in that state.
asked the Board of Park Commissioners to
have the lawn tennis courts in Shawnee Park
THE GHETTO now used by colored people closed.
T>Y a decision of the court the Richmond,
*-* Va., colored ghetto has been slightly en- THE COURTS
larged by the inclusion of North Fifth
Street.
A NOTHER test of the Baltimore segre-
* *-
gation law will be made in the courts
<| Some white people in Cincinnati have on account of a Jew who has moved into
been greatly incensed because a capable and
Etting Street where there are no white in-
intelligent colored woman was temporarily
habitants.
made a teacher of white deaf mutes. In Philadelphia the manager of a moving
€fl

^ An attempt to segregate Miss Adelaide picture show on Columbia Ave., together

Cook, grand daughter of the late John F. with his sjjecial officer and chief usher eject-
Cook of Washington, D. C, and another ed and seriously injured Miss Madeline
colored girl, in the girls' dormitory at Cor- Davis last March because she refused to
nell led to an appeal to the N. A. A. C. P. take a special seat. The case was carried
President Schurman assures us that exact to court and recently each of the defendants
justice will be done. was fined $50 and costs. Judge Bonniwell
€J The 24th infantry of the U. S. Army is said to the culprits, "I am ashamed to class
stationed at Corregidor, P. I. They have you as men."
recently built a post exchange but contrary CJ The segregation ordinances of Virginia
to custom not a single one of the enlisted are before the Supreme Court of that state.
men has been given employment in the ex- CJ The Supreme Court of Virginia has de-
change. cided that it is not a slander to call a white
<| The Pullman Company has filed a state- man a Negro.
ment with the railway commission of Cali- CJ The Supreme Court of North Carolina

fornia, declaring that the average wages of
the porters is $32.85 a month. It goes on
to declare: "In no business does- the em-
ployer j)ay his or its employees more than
is demanded nor more than would be neces-
sary to secure other equally competent j:>er-
sons for the work. There is no demand by
the sleeping car employees of this
has decided that the four Johnson children
cannot attend the white schools of Wilson
County because they have one-sixteenth of
Negro blood.
m
CRIME
"pvURING the month of September there
company *-* has been one Negro lynched Nathan :

that their pay be increased, and it not be- is

Brown hung by a mob for alleged murder
lieved that an increase of wages, or prohibi-
in Rochelle, Ga.
tion of tips, or either or both, would mater-
CJ Lawrence Avery was killed September 21
ially lessen the tips given to porters by the
at Columbus, Ohio, while in company with
traveling public."
Mrs. Ida Hoolihan. Mrs. Hoolihan accused
tfl Mrs. A. M. Sweet, a white resident of two unknown colored men and the police
Philadelphia, has asked Court No. 1 for an immediately arrested W. H. Deonsbuy.
injunction against the Citizens Republican Since Avery's death the woman has con-
( Hub.This club is a well known colored fessed that he was
by her husband.
killed
organization whose home is next door to A colored bishop and several colored
Cfl
Mrs. Sweet's house. She has asked that the men of prominence accused of arson at
club be declared an "unbearable nuisance." Asheville, N. C, have been promptly ac-
^ A white minister was scheduled to preach quitted by the court.
 MEN OF THE MONTH

L S3
A COLLEGE PRESIDENT was president of the State Teachers' Asso-
ciation.
rT^HE promotion of Professor John M.
-*
Perhaps Professor Gandy is most widely
Gandy to presidency of Virginia
the
known for his work as executive secretary
Normal and Industrial Institute is a merited
of the Negro Organization Society of Vir-
distinction and marks the inevitable rise of
ginia. Working with the president of this
the hard student and energetic worker.
organization, Major R. R.-Moton of Hamp-
President Gandy began his education in his
ton Institute, he has for two years been the
native state, Mississippi, and later spent two
most effective force in the state, among
years in the preparatory school at Oberlin
Negroes, for creating and promoting a gen-
College. He received the degree of Bachelor
eral interest in education, for improving
of Arts from Fisk University in 1898, and
health conditions through education, for se-
through further study won the degree of
curing co-operation among farmers, and for
Master of Arts from the same institution in
waging a campaign for better homes and
1901. He studied in the Columbia Univer- better morals. This work carried him into
sity Summer School in 1905 and did seven
every section of the state and served largely
years of home study work in j)kilosophy and
to qualify him for his new responsibilities.
education under the direction of the Illinois
President Gandy's broad formal prepara-
Wesleyan University.
Becoming a teacher in the state school of
Virginia when college courses were offered
he was for three years Professor of Latin
and Greek, and when the collegiate depart-
ment was eliminated became Professor of
Education, in which capacity he served three
years. During the entire period of his con-
nection with the school Professor Gandy has
been active in every phase of educational
work in the- state and he is personally known
to a larger number of Virginia citizens than
is any other man connected with the school.

For some years and until recently he was

instructor in two Summer Normal Schools
of the state; he organized the teachers of his
own county into a Teachers' Association and
was the first president of the organization;
he was influential in organizing the educa-
tional forces in several counties and in se-
curing industrial supervisors; he has been
interested in the organization of Farmers'
Conferences and was the founder of the
Conference in Chesterfield County; lie has
kept active the intellectual life among his
Normal School
'fellow teachers at the State
through a Teachers' Reading Circle in which
he was the moving spirit; for two years he PRSSIDENT J. M. GANDY
 MEN OF THE MONTH 13

DR. M. B. LUCAS SERGEANT WILLIAM PAYNE

knowledge of
tion, extensive experience, full awarded the Perry prize in pediatrics. She
educational conditions and needs in Virginia, is the wife of M. Grant Lucas, Principal of
remarkable constructive ability, and large the Bruce School, Washington. Their only
following among all classes of people of the son, Frank V. Lucas, has been promoted to
state combine to make his selection to fill the the third-year class of the M
Street High
place to which he has been called a happy School.
one.

THREE CAPTAINS OF VOLUNTEERS

A WOMAN PHYSICIAN f\N May 25, 1914, a Board of Examiners,
^"^ consisting of five United States Army
lV/TRS. MARIE B. LUCAS,
M.D., from Officers met at Port Huachuca, Arizona,
-*-"-*•
the Howard University Medical Col- and examined four soldiers of the 10th
lege, class 1914, has been announced by the United States Cavalry for the office of Cap-
District of Columbia Board of Medical Ex- tain of United States Volunteers.
aminers as having passed with credit the ex- The examination extended over a period
amination held by them last month for li- of thirteen days, consisting of arithmetic,
cense to practice medicine in the District. geography, grammar, history, army regula-
There probably no graduate of this year's
is
tions, guard manual, field service regula-
classes Howard in whom the people of
of tions, topography, military law, interna-
Washington are more deeply or more lov- tional law, infantry drill regulations, cavalry
ingly interested than in this rare example of manual of
drill regulations, bippology,
true and courageous womanhood. court-martial, military appearance and bear-
Dr. Lucas was formerly a Washington ing, and genera] fitness for the position of
public school teacher. She has the distinc- Captain of Volunteers. All of the candi-
tion of being lie only woman to graduate
I dates passed good examinations, making a
from the Medical Departmeni his year.
I general average above 80 per cent. The
Her record during the four years' course was names of the candidates are as follows:
among the highest; and last year she was Sergeant Major E. P. Erierson and Com-
 14 THE CRISIS

SERGEANT E. P. FRIERSON SERGEANT W. W. THOMPSON

missary Sergeant W. W. Thompson, of the

10th U. S. Cavalry; Quartermaster Sergeant
William Payne, Quartermaster Corps, and
Ordinance Sergeant Stephen T. Bandy, U. S.
Army. All of these except the last one were
colored.
Sergeant Major Frierson is a veteran of
the 10th Cavalry, having heen in the service
over twenty-two years and enjoys the highest
confidence of his superior officers as a non-
commissioned officer. He is capable, trust-
worthy, neat, competent and has a thorough
knowledge of administrative functions of a
regiment.

It

3 -4jfcM.il !?!||

-• w

COLORED Y. M. C. A., COLUMBUS, GA. THE PHILADELPHIA COLORED Y. M. C. A.

(SEE PAGE 33) COST $110,000 (SEE PAGE 33)
 : :

THE WORLD WAR of the Japanese as "yellow-bellies." It is

The Northern Budget of too late to draw the color line in war. That
THE COLOR LINE mlroy, xt
N. V
Y., says: line was erased more than fifty years ago

"'Colored Help Wanted.'
much to say that the various warring nations
of Europe have hung out this sign. All the
rincipal nations engaged in the war have
I
It is not too by Abraham Lincoln in that noble letter to
the Springfield Convention: 'And there will
be some black men who can remember that,
with silent tongue and clenched teeth and

foreign colonies, and it is not to be won- steady eye and well-poised bayonet, they
dered at that the suggestion was made at have helped mankind- on to this great con-
"
home that it would be well to save as many summation.'
native subjects as possible and to put into The Aga Kahn spiritual head of many
the war such of the colonists as were avail- million East Indians declares as a reason for
able." the Indians lack of sympathy with Ger-
This has brought the inevitable color pre- many:
judice to the fore. The German Ambassa- "Many of my fellow-countrymen have
dor has announced to the United States that been in Africa and seen the German admin-
he is "unconditionally opposed" to the use istration in the east and southwest African

of colored troops. The New York World colonies. They know what the Germaniza-
replies tion of India would mean, and they know,
"This is a curious prejudice on the part too, if England were driven out of
that
of the diplomatic representative of a Gov- India, Germany, should she be successful in
ernment that is seeking to bring Turkey into this war, would step in."

the conflict and trying to persuade the Turk Perhaps the most cutting criticism of the
to instigate a 'holy war' in Egypt and India American attitude came from the Turkish
against all non-Mohammedans. Ambassador in defending his country from
the charges of cruelty and barbarism. He
"When Germany went to war with the
said:
British Empire she must have expected to
"Since a large number of American pap-
tight the British Empire, and not merely a
ers are siding with Great Britainand Prance
selected part of the population the color of
in this affair, permit myself to say
I will
whose skin happened to meet the approval
that the thought of the lynchingS which oc-
of Berlin.
cur daily in the United States and the mem-
"It is natural enough that Great Britain
ory of the 'water cures' in the Philippines
should bring up her Indian troops, who, by
should make them chary of attacking Turkey
the way, are as completely identified with
in connection with acts of savagery commit-
the Aryan race as the Prussians. But no
ted by her under provocation, compared
matter what their race may he, they are part
with which the economic competition of an
of the empire and part of Great Britain's
Italian, or the sniping of a Filipino, or even
regular military power. Negro are as nothing."
the outrage of a
"If Germany were at war with the United This statement has annoyed both the Pre-
States her troops would have to meet our sident and Mr. Hearst's Chicago Eraminar.
Negro cavalry, than whom there are no bet- The latter says
ter soldiers in uniform. "That Rustem Bey, the Turkish Ambas-
"German denunciation of the Indian sador, should abandon Washington after
troops is as futile as German denunciation likening our occasional lvnchings to the
 : : : :
16
reign of terror in the Turkish Balkans
fortunate ending to that incident."
But the Independent acknowledges
guilt
''That this barbarous country, in spots
is a here.'
is undeniable when we learn that in 1913 as
many as 79 colored men and women were
killed by mobs, lynched without trial. The
crimes charged against them were various,
some serious, others trivial.
victims Avere doubtless innocent.
prove a shocking degree of barbarism to
exist with us; and the only relief Ave find is
that there is a pretty steady decrease in the
number. In 1892 there were 155 lynched,
and 154 the next year. At this rate of de-
crease we may be quite civilized 20 years
from now. There have been only 22 lynch-
ings in the first six months of the present
year."
And the Boston Traveler and Evening
Herald adds
"Here is a record of atrocities for which
we venture to say no parallel can be found
in any of the 'barbarous' nations uoav at Avar,
and compared with Avhich the atrocities
charged against the German soldiers Avould
appear for the most part as trifling indis-
cretions incident to the heat of Avar.
"Before Ave throw any more stones
Germans, us be sure Ave are not living
let
in a glass house. If war is what Sherman
said it Avas, it is natural to expect a feAv hu-
man devils in an army of three or four mil-
lions of men engageddeadly conflict; but
in
who would expect to find mobs of human
devils at Avork in times of peace at the A'ery
feet of Liberty Enlightening the World?
"Meantime, Ave should like to direct the at-
tention of Mr. Wilson and the southern gen-
tlemen avIio sit in the saddle at Washington
to this paragraph from an address to the
people of the United States issued by our
colored brethren at their recent convention
in NeAv York City
"'Let (he American people, and especially
the President, in vieAv of the bloody Avar of
all Europe and the probable grant of free-
dom to Ireland and suffrage to Avomen, free-
dom to the Poles and Finns and relief from
segregation and political disabilities for Hie
JeAvs, induced by the needs of warring na-
tions, remember thai TWELVE MILLION
NATIVE CITIZENS IN THIS COUNTRY
ARE WORSE PROSCRIBED THAN
THOSE OF EUROPE. We appeal to
President Wilson to free colored
:
THE CRISIS
is a from Jim-CroAv cars, disfranchisement,
lynching and segregation, especially under
our the federal government at the federal cap-
ital, iioav, rather than aAvait some aAvful Avar
"
Even the New Orleans Item is getting a
bit peeved and says
"Several recent lynchings in Mississippi
and Louisiana give evidences of a savagery
Some of the beyond excuse."
The figures The Des Moines (la.) Begister and Leader
publishes a letter in which the Avriter says
"Andersonville Avas simply a demonstra-
all of
tion of the fiendishness that existed in
that part of the country knoAvn as 'the
south,' and engendered by three centuries of
the institution of slavery, and which exists
to-day in someAvhat less degree. But a feAv
months since the Avriter had occasion to take
a seventeen-mile ride in a 'mail hack' in
'border state,' in a county Avhere no Negro
is alloAved to 'alight.' In course of the ride
there Avas a discussion of the Negro question,
in Avhich Iasked Avhat Avould be done in case
a educated Negro with good
respectable,
character should buy a farm in that county
and move in. The only other passenger
said, 'Damm him, Ave would lynch him before
ino'nin.' The driver, avIio was son of a
at the 'county judge,' said, 'We Avould strip him,
tie him to a tree, slit his skin into strips one
inch Avide, take off one at a time, and then
pile brush about him and fire it.' This is
but a late day expression of the same civil-
ization that Avas responsible for Anderson-
ville and was not Avar."
Mr. Stansberry Boyce, Washington, D. C,
sends us these notes on the Avar:
"Leopold left a legacy to be paid by the
Belgians for the inhuman slaughter and mu-
tilations of the inoffensive inhabitants of
Congo in his greed for rubber.
"Esconced far to the North of Europe it
might never have been the opportunity of
any future African king to enforce payment
but God moves in a mysterious way and the
Belgians now know Avhat it is to murder a
harmless people at their oavii firesides.
"Will the Canadians refuse to fight along-
side the East Indian whom they would not
acknowledge as a part of the human family
ami were forbidden l<> enter Canada as also
were the West Indian Negroes?"
"The Africans and their descendants in
America have proven to the Avorld that they
do not lack courage and military ardor.
Americans This the French have recognized by enlisting
 :

OPINION 17

them in their present struggle. We hope leader of his race, an educator, tells us to
Cor the sake of Africans that hey
I lie I will forgel our manhood; l<> forget I he sacred
give a good account of themselves, hut the and inalienable rights of political and per-
colored race is like the Irish who are in- sonal liberty and to passively submit to the
vincihle in fighting for other nations but not humiliation of being pushed aside as though
for themselves." we are a race of lepers, because we would
seek cleaner and healthier neighborhoods in
which to live.
SEGREGATION "To submit to a degradation without seri-
Mr. Booker Washing- ous objection is worse than cowardly it is
B. T. WASHINGTON S
;

tori's endeavor to in-
ADVICE
duce colored people to
stop fighting segregation ordinances has
brought hitter retorts from colored papers.
The Columbian Herald of Louisville,
calls it "obsequious doctrine" and says:
"When Booker Washington advises
delegates to the Negro Business League
cease fighting segregation laws and to de-
vote themselves to acquiring wealth and in-
he was simply advocating his
telligence,
propaganda which he has been preaching for
the past quarter of a century, viz., 'The line
of the least resistance,' or to state
accurately, 'no resistance at all.'
"It is this obsequious doctrine that has re-
sulted in growing up a generation of moral
cowards among the Negroes of this country.
This teaching of his has brought about a con-
dition of economic serfage that has well nigh
sapped all the manhood and darkened the
hopes and stiffened the ennobling aspirations
of the Negroes for fifty years. It is to be
very much regretted that a man of such com-
manding opportunity and wide influence in
his day and generation should be so servile
and spineless in his teachings.
"It is this very damaging doctrine that
has brought about the unbearable and hu-
miliating conditions of jim crowism, dis-
franchisement and segregation, which may
be regarded as 'the unkindest of all.'
The Louisville News says
"It is inconceivable that one who occupies
-H prominent a position in the Afro-Ameri-
can world should so far forget his position
and his dignity as to urge his race to cease
protesting against the most cowardly and
humiliating legislation in the land.
"If is safe to say that segregation has
many champions even among our race, but
almost exception they are to be
without
found among the element where there is the
least intelligence and where there is an in-
herent fear of opposing anything the white
man chooses to do. But here we are smitten
from an unexpected quarter; a recognized
unmanly and ignoble and any race that
would do so without exhausting every means
of moral and legal protest is unworthy of
the name of civilized. Segregation is wrong,
Kv., wrong in principle and fact; and, if Dr.
Washington believes it is wrong, as we think
the he does, it is to be deeply regretted that he
to lacks the moral stamina to say so.
"It obvious even to the friends and sup-
is
porters of Dr. Washington, that if he is
quoted accurately, he cannot in the future
be regarded as being in sympathy with the
Afro-American who places his self-respect
it more and manhood above everything else, and who
is not willing to sacrifice either for the sake
of living on more congenial terms with his
white brother."
In striking: contrast to Mr. Washington's
advice the Rev. Quincy Ewing, a white
southern minister of Mississippi, lays bare
the whole inner meaning of segregation and
"Jim-Crow" legislation.
"Consider further that, while no Negro,
no matter what his occupation, or personal
refinement, or intellectual culture, or moral
character, is allowed to travel in a pullman
car between state lines, or to enter as a guest
at hotel patronized by white people, the
blackest of Negro nurses and valets are given
food and shelter in all first-class hotels, and
occasion neither disgust nor surprise in the
"
Pullman cars. Here again the heart of the
race problem is laid bare. The black nurse
with a white baby in her arms, the black
valet looking after the comfort of a wdiite in-
valid, have the label of their inferiority con-
spicuously upon them; they understand
themselves, and everybody understand them,
to be servants, enjoying certain privileges
for the sake of the person served. Almost
anything the Negro may do in the South,
and anywhere he may go, provided the man-
ner of his doing and his going is that of an
inferior. Such is the premium put upon his
inferiority; such his inducement to maintain
it."
A correspondent writes us:

18 THE
"Booker T. "Washington's advice to the
Negroes concerning' the Segregation Laws,
is like advising the poor downtrodden Negro
not to even try to get out of the hole he is
in, but make the hole bigger and live in it."
The Cleveland Gazette says:
"The race can produce a dozen 'big, defi-
nite pieces of constructive work,' get educa-
tion, religion, money, etc., and Dr. Washing-
ton and every one else knows that 'race pre-
judice' —
segregation and other forms of ra-
cial discrimination — will NOT disappear in
any appreciable degree. If we want our
rights and proper treatment, we must fight
for them just as every other race in the his-
tory of the world, worthy of them, has to do.
It is the height of folly and positively silly
for any one to preach any other 'doctrine.'
Of course, the prejudiced South and its
northern sympathizers will 'pat Dr. Wash-
ington on the back,' continue to make his
trips for his school, throughout the country,
profitable, and to try to make our people
accept him as our national leader, just as
long as he continues to preach his infamous
'doctrine of surrender' and endeavor to make
us 'ground arms' in the effort to enforce our
rights, under the law; but are we fools
enough to do so? We hope not. It is little
less than an outrage for him to give that ad-
vice to the League, and make such a talk as
that at Philadelphia, with our people in
Louisville, Ky., and several other points in
the South, and the North, too, fighting des-
perately against segregation and kindred
evils. Dr. Washington has done more by
such talks to promote disfranchisement,
'jim-crow' street and railroad cars and seg-
regation in the South, and dozens of kinds
of racial discrimination in public places, in
the North, than almost all other agencies
against us combined. Nothing is so danger-
ous as the enemy within. It is high time
that the manly, among our educated and
leading men and women, were speaking out
in the open and ceasing their cowardly sulk-
ing for fear of personal harm. Slowly but
surely is the 'doctrine of surrender' taking
hold of our masses, making a cowardly,
hopeless mass of humanity that are anything
but the MENand WOMEN
Douglass, Lang-
ston,Lynch, Bruce, Garrison, Phillips, Love-
joy, and the host of others, most of whom
have gone, worked and fought so long for.
As a matter of fact tremendous pressure
is put upon Mr. Washington by the white
South. Whenever for a moment he tries to
: —
CRISIS
stand up for the rights of his race the white
South proceeds to hammer at him. AVhen,
for instance, he recently made a very mild
appeal for better accommodations on rail-
roads, the August Chronicle said:
"Washington's program in the past led
him away from 'rights' like this. For the
Negro he has sought 'rights' to labor, behave
and acquire property.
"The longer the Negro avoids crusades for
such things as parlor car and lower berth
accommodations and the more diligently
that he eschews politics, the better his
chances for progress. It would be to the
Negro's advantage if he was not allowed to
vote at all. Booker may as well be reminded
that the white men and women passengers
are not to sleep in the same Pullmans with
black men and women passengers. Also,
that the railroads are not going to put on
special Pullmans for the blacks. Also, that
what is here said is true of the white people
of the North, the East and the West, as well
as of the white people of the South.
"Booker was more level-headed before than
he is since he dined at the white house."
What earthly reason is there in trying to
cater to and humiliate oneself before. people
who talk and think like this?
THE SUFFRAGE
The Macon (Ga.)
WOMEN AND NEGROES
Daily Telegraph
says
"Eight thousand Negro Baptists, repre-
senting 2,500,000 members of their race in
the United States, at a convention of their
church in Philadelphia, have declared them-
selves 'heartily in favor of the woman suf-
frage movement.' The Philadelphia Record
quotes the presiding officer, Rev. E. C. Mor-
ris, of Montana, as saying that the woman
suffrage movement is based on an injustice
from which his race has suffered greatly
'taxation without representation.' The only
other utterance quoted from the same speak-
er reads as follows:
" 'The capital of our nation is a hotbed of
race hatred and from there it will continue
to spread to all sections of the country until
Negro men shall be permitted to re-enter
congress and speak for themselves. Why
should 10,000,000 people be denied repre-
sentation in the highest law-making body of
the land / Why should matters be so manip-
ulated as to close West Point and Annapolis
 :

OPINION 19

to educated and patriotic young Negro men, Laurel is because there are no Negro brick-
who are anxious to be trained in military layers living there.
science for the good of their country?' "I, too, am a Southerner, and everything
"The account before us is brief and equal, would always give the white man the
unsatisfactory, but it is at least clear that preference, but in this case, am forced to say
the members of this convention wish it un- that as far as ability was concerned, every-
derstood that the down-trodden American thing was NOT
equal, and from both a busi-
Negro sympathizes with the down-trodden ness and financial standpoint, I was unable
American woman, and that the emancipation to comply with their request for a local
of the latter is expected to unshackle the bricklayer foreman. It is my impression
former and send him straightway to Con- that the origin of the trouble with the brick-
gress." layers in Laurel was the fact that two or
This, of course, does not at all suit the three of them wanted to be foreman on the
Telegraph and the Tampa (Fla.) Times is job, and I did not consider them competent,
quite upset: as I had made previous inquiries as to their
"The women of America — and more par- capability.
South
ticularly those of the —will hardly ap- "I have a Negro in my employ, whom 1
preciate or relish the coupling of their cause consider capable of handling any job and I

with that of the Negroes. They have not did not care to discharge him and lose the
heretofore been classed together and they bricklayers that I had organized in order to
do not rate themselves and the blacks as experiment with a few local 'would be boss'
companions misfortune and the victims of
in bricklayers. I have had several white brick-
the oppression of the white men. ..." layer foremen and will say that I have found
this Negro far superior in every respect to
the white men whom it has been my experi-
ence to employ in this capacity."
LABOR UNIONS The wrifer, I. C. Garber, concludes by
The Laurel Mis s.) Daily saying
fighting (

Leader Polishes an interest- "The building now stands as a monument

the negro
ing letter from a contractor to 'Garber and his "niggers" and a good
'

who has hired Negro labor:
"Mr. Anderson, as Secretary of the Brick-
layers' Union, knows, if he is informed as
to the by-laws and constitution of the Brick-
layers' Union, that they place the Negro
bricklayer on an equality with the white
bricklayer both in the Lodge and on the job.
The Bricklayers' Union of Jackson, as well
as the Unions in other cities, elects both
white and colored officers. A Mr. Glenn
here, who is a brother of the Mr. Glenn, a
bricklayer in Laurel, who stirred up consid-
erable animosity about my working Negro
bricklayers in Laurel, is the President of the
Union here and has a Negro secretary under
him. This same Mr. Glenn has been secre-
tary under a Negro president in this lodge.
"Mr. Anderson says that they were imbued
with the Southern spirit and felt that they
could not look their own wives and mothers
in the face if they worked under a Negro
foreman. 1 would like to ask this gentleman
the difference between working under a Ne-
gro foreman on the job and sitting and asso-
ciating with a Negro president in their lodge.
Possibly the only reason they have not had
Negro officers in the Bricklayers' Union in
sample for the local bricklayers."
CRIME AND RACE
The Greensboro (N. C.)
INSTANCES OF
Daily News has this from
DISCRIMINATION
its Elizabeth City corre-
spondent:
"Judge Frank Carter finished his investi-
gation of the management of
the Pasquotank
county chaingang this afternoon, and an-
nounced the findings of his inquiry to a large
audience which packed the court room to
hear the proceedings. He spoke from the
bench and stated that his investigation had
revealed to him that the chaingang had been
grossly mismanaged; that the guards had
drank enormous amounts of whisky, while
on duty and had practiced the most revolt-
ing cruelties upon the prisoners, while the
superintendent, Frank Weeks, had shown his
inefficiency by permitting such a state of
affairs to go on. He characterized the Pas-
quotank county chaingang as a disgrace to
the civilization of (lie county, and not fit
for the most desperate Negro criminal. He
stated that while holding courts in the dis-
1
 : —

20 THE CRISIS

trict,he would use every effort possible to
keep from sending convicts to the chaingang
until there had been a complete reorganiza-
tion of its management with all the present
officers eliminated."
The problem of crime in the South
lustrated by this clipping from the
York Sun, who quotes
sippi lawyer.
Negro and partly for the young attorney,
the State's attorney allows him to plead not
guilty to the murder charge, but guilty of
manslaughter and take sentence to the peni-
tentiary, where he stays until he is pardoned
is il- a few years later. This plan always works
New very satisfactorily to all parties concerned
S. F. Davis, a Missis- the State saves the expense of a trial, the
Negro is saved from being hanged and the

On the subject of the Negro law on gam- State gets another cotton producer on the
bling the writer says State farm."
"Under our criminal statute it is a misde- The following editorial from the Pitts-
meanor for any person wager any money to burgh (Pa.) Courier is quite to the point:
or other valuable thing on any game of "Twenty years ago a Negro of Alabama
chance or to play for money at any game of was convicted on a charge of larceny. It
cards, or dice, etc., but it is the unwritten was shown that the Negro had stolen 50
law — and the unwritten law applies in this cents. The judge sentenced him to the peni-
case— that all Negroes may play a game of tentiary for 50 years, explaining that the
chance with dice, commonly called craps, for Negro should pay a year in servitude for
money or any other valuable thing on Satur- each penny stolen. The present governor of
day nights or any time during the first day the State of Alabama has just recently par-
of the week, commonly called Sunday, pro- doned the Negro, with the comment that the
vided, however, it is conducted in a quiet, sentence was out of all proportion to the
orderly manner in a vacant cabin or cotton crime.
house on the back side of the plantation. "Not many months ago, in the same State,
But it is also the unwritten law of this State a white man, holding an official position,
that a white person must not at any time or stole $90,000 from the funds entrusted to
place, for either love or money or any other him; he was given ten years to the peniten-
valuable thing, play a game of craps, that tiary. Under the same system as practiced
being recognized as a Negro game exclusive- upon the Negro, this white man could have
ly. It is also the unwritten law of this State been given just nine million years in the
that all white persons may play a game of penitentiary.
chance with cards, commonly called poker, "But us come nearer home. In Penn-
let
for money or for any other valuable thing, sylvania, not many months ago, a white
provided, however, that said game is con- woman lured some drunken men into an
ducted in a quiet, orderly manner in some alley and robbed them of their money. She
private place after business hours, but a Ne- was paroled. Within the past year, a col-
gro must not under any circumstances play ored girl, charged with having stolen $7.00
a game of poker for love or money, that be- from her white consort, was given 18 months
ing recognized as a white man's game." in the workhouse. Three white men plead
Concerning the homicide law in its appli- guilty to burglarizing a private residence.
cation to a Negro Mr. Davis says: They were paroled. A Negro pleaded guilty
"If he white man and is caught he
kills a to playing poker and was given three months
is hanged, the time and place of his execu- to the workhouse.
tion depending altogether on who caught "The above instances are sufficient to in-
him, the Sheriff's posse or the friends of the dicate that there is an evident division of
deceased. Tf the Sheriff's posse were the crime with respect to the color of the crim-
first to gel possession of him he is hanged inal. A white man commits the highest pos-
the third Friday after court adjourns; if the sible- crime and there is always some loop
friends of the deceased are the first to get hole for his escape. A Negro may commit
possession of him he is hanged at once, at a crime of any degree whatever, and the
or near the place where ttie killing occurred. law is inflexible; he must serve the days and
When a Negro is indicted for killing another years prescribed in the books. This is in-
Negro lie is seldom
ever tried. The usualif variably the case. The exceptions are so
practice court to appoint some
is for the few they do not merit mention.
young and inexperienced attorney to defend "To add to this injustice, we get the report
him; then partly out of sympathy for the of the statistician on crime. He uses the

prison and court dockets for his information
and makes his reports accordingly. The
magazine writers base their arguments upon
the figures, and the poor Negro gets a
ture of himself that beggars all description.
He leads in crime, undoubtedly, he
for the records so show, and who can
figures?
"But all of this is the white man's delusion,
not ours. It is his civilization he is dissect-
ing, not ours. He may classify crime
make partial reports to suit his
but the truth of the situation rests undis-
turbed. To charge us with crime does not
make us criminals; to give us long terms in
prison does not subtract from the criminal
class who enjoy short sentences. In the long
process of evolution the criminal will classify
himself. Then there will be no classification
under the code, nor will the sentence of the
criminal have any significance. At the pres-
ent rate of his social and political disorder,
the white 7nan is destined to take the lead in
all things criminal, and certainty he will not
incur the envy of the Negro."
POLITICS
The Charlotte Observer
COLORED OFFICE
remarks that President
HOLDERS
Wilson has not been able
to do much with Congress so far as the Ne-
gro is concerned and continues:
"Hitherto President Wilson has not ex-
tended to such matters his mastery over Con-
gress. Intent upon getting his reform meas-
ures through —
having, as he said upon one
well-remembered occasion, a single-track
—
mind he has given Congressmen their own
way with patronage claimed by them. He
has wished not to handicap his program by
any side-issues or frictions of this kind.
Hence the Senators opposing any Negro ap-
pointments even secured from him the ap-
pointment of a white man, a Missourian, as
Minister to the Negro Republic of Haiti
rather a queer proceeding for them, we must
say. But the issue is again up, the President
has gotten through Congress all except the
final round of his legislative jjrogram, and
the elections are near at hand. Recently the
President refused to turn down Attorney-
General McReynolds' recommendation that
Robert Terrell, colored, a municipal judge
(if the District of Columbia, be granted reap-
pointment. And now he may or may not
appoint a Negro to the recordership of
—
OPINION 21
deeds. The Northern Congressmen who have
a considerable Negro electorate in their States
or districts are concerning themselves, so
pic- that the Southerners no longer hold the field
alone. It may develop into an unpleasant
must lead, fight. Our own idea is that the belligerents
dispute should let the President appoint a Negro Re-
corder of Deeds if he shall so choose."
and
necessity, ANOTHER PUZZLE
Readers of The Crisis have
THE "NEW" ,
WILBERFORCE
doubtless scanned with some
perplexity the irate letters
nearly three feet long by President Scarbor-
ough of Wilberforce in the New York Age
and News. He takes us to task for our ar-
ticle on the "New Wilberforce" in the Au-
gust Crisis. The incensed gentleman gets
real good and mad and says:
"In such an article we are accustomed to
seek at once the motives inspiring it. In
this case we are wondering whether it was
inspired by a malicious desire to strike th*3
college department in particular, to belittle
what it has done and injure its standing and
work for higher education or, by a piqued
;
spirit which sees an opportunity for retalia-
tion; or, by a spirit which thus repays per-
sonal favors through questionable eulogiums.
Or, was it real unadulterated ignorance
steeped in egotism"? We
must leave it for
readers and those generally acquainted with
the situation to judge."
We are greatly mystified by this astonish-
ing exhibition of temper and after re-read-
ing what we considered at the time a most
excellent and helpful article on an institu-
tion which we greatly admire, we are com-
pelled to appeal to our readers: If any
reader of The Crisis can discover in the be-
fore-mentioned article anything calculated
to make an otherwise mild professor of
Greek tear his hair and "cuss," we will glad-
ly give him a year's subscription to The
Crisis. Send in your answers soon.
<][ Dr. Slyburn C. Downing, a young colored
man who graduated from Howard Medical
School a few years ago, was awarded the
first prize, $25 in gold, in a contest con-
ducted by the New York Medical Journal
for the best essay on "The Treatment of Al-
coholic Cirrhosis of the Liver."
 — : :

Where Does Your Congressman Stand?

m A QUESTIONNAIRE

We hear that darkest Russia promises na-
tional unity to Poland, autonomy to Fin-
land and religious freedom to all. What is
free America going to do for her ten mil-
lion colored citizens? To find out the Na-
tional Association has sent the following
questionnaire to all candidates for Congress
September 22, 1914.
My Dear Sir:
Will you kindly fill out and return the at-
tached questionnaire by October 12? This
is being sent out by the National Association
for the Advancement of Colored People to
all candidates for Congress of the Republi-
questionnaires have been sent have not had
time to reply. One hundred and thirteen re-
plies have been received. Of these 49, listed
below, gave favorable answers to all ques-
tions. We also give an analysis of the 64
unfavorable and doubtful replies. Replies
received after to-day, October 8, will be
printed in handbills for distribution to our
branches before election. Over 1,400 candi-
dates will receive the questions.
Candidates Who Promise to Vote Right.
The following give favorable answers to
every one of the five questions
THOSE WHO ANSWER RIGHT" '

can, Democratic and Progressive parties.

The results will be published in The Crisis, State Party District Name
the organ of the Association which reaches
Indiana Republican Sth Shattuck
150,000 readers, in the white and colored Indiana Progressive 6th Russell
press of the country, and in handbills for Indiana Republican 7th Moores
Indiana Progressive 7th Hibben
distribution by our branches. Indiana Progressive 9th Ford
Indiana Republican 9th Purnell
The names of candidates not forwarding Indiana Republican 11th Stricler
their answers by October 12 will also be Indiana Progressive 12th Widney
Indiana Republican 12th Lane
printed and colored voters and their friends Indiana Republican 13th Hickey
advised to vote against them. Very truly Kansas Republican Senator Curtis
yours, J. E. Spingarn, Kansas Republican 7th Simmons
Chairman of Board. Massachusetts Progressive 5th Osgood
Massachusetts Progressive 7th Ranger
Massachusetts Rep. & Pro. 8th Dallinger
1. Will you, if elected, vote against any Massachusetts Republican 9th Roberts
measure abrogating the Fourteenth and Fif- Massachusetts Progressive 9th Newton
Massachusetts Democratic 11th Horgan
teenth Amendments?
Michigan Progressive 2d Probert
2. Will you, if elected, vote against Michigan Republican 2d Bacon
Michigan Progressive 4th Harvey
a. Segregation in the federal service? Michigan Republican 4th Hamilton
Michigan Democratic 10th Hitchcock
b. Residential segregation in the District
of Columbia? Ohio Republican 1st Longworth
Ohio Republican 2d Struble
c. Segregation in Jim Crow cars in the Ohio Republican 3d Brown
Ohio Democratic 4th Cunningham
District of Columbia? Ohio Progressive 9th Whitnev
Ohio Democratic 10th Martzolff
3. Regardless of whether you advocate Ohio Democratic 12th Hogan
Ohio Republican 14th Williams
racial intermarriage, will you oppose the Ohio Republican 19th Cooper
passage of a law making such marriage in Ohio Progressive 21st Miller
Ohio Republican 22d Emerson
the District of Columbia invalid, since the
Pennsylvania Progressive at large Walters
enactment by states of such laws has led to Pennsylvania Progressive 1st Burt
the degradation of Negro women and chil- Pennsylvania Republican Senator Penrose
Pennsylvania Progressive 3d Weinstock
dren? Pennsylvania Washington 6th Drake
Pennsylvania Washington 7th Tomlinson
4. Do you under any circumstances jus- Pennsylvania Progressive 13th Stewart
Pennsylvania Progressive 15th Stokes
tify lynching? Pennsylvania Progressive 16th Heffner
Pennsylvania Progressive 25th Lockwood
5. Do you favor the enforcement of
Clause 2of the 14th Amendment to the Rhode Island Progressive 2d Ball

Constitution ? Washington Republican Senator Jones

Washington Republican 3d rohnson
Many nominations have not been received
West Virginia Progressive 2d Keim
as this goes to press and many to whom
 WHERE DOES YOUR CONGRESSMAN STAND? 23

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24 THE CRISIS
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 THE N. A. A. C. P.
THE ASSOCIATION PIN
A BOVE is an enlarged drawing of the
-**-new pin of the N. A. A. C. P. This beau-
tiful design is the work of Mr. John
Howells, Jr., who generously gave his time
and talent to the Association. Mr. Howells
is a member of the well known firm of
Howells and Stokes in New York.
Made up in gold with a rich blue and
white enamel, the pin may be secured at the
offices of the Association by members at 25
cents, postpaid 27 cents. A membership in
the National Association which costs only
one dollar, with one of these new pins, would
make an appropriate Christmas remem-
brance for your friends. They may be also
secured mounted on an artistic Christmas
card at the rates quoted above. Send your
order early.
BRANCHES
Baltimore reports that the James Jenkins
"Jim Crow" street car case has been ap-
pealed by the State and will come up before
the Court of Appeals early in October. The
attorneys for the Branch, ^Messrs. McGuinn
and Hawkins, have the matter in charge.
The Branch also reports that they are tak-
ing steps to test the new segregation ordi-
nance.
The Chicago Bazaar:
To raise funds for the establishment of an
office where cases of discrimination against
colored people may be investigated and ad-
justed, a summer tent festival was held
August 28 and 29. Mr. Julius Rosenwald
agreed to give one dollar for every two dol-
lars raised. The carnival was a success, not
only from a financial point of view, but in
its effect upon the colored people of Chicago
and their friends. Practically every colored
artist in the city gave his services to the
program. The Eighth and Twelfth Regi-
ment bands likewise donated their services
and paraded the streets on the South Side,
drawing hundreds to the large tent where the
carnival was given. Thirteen different or-
ganizations joined the Executive Committee
and worked together harmoniously to make
the affair a striking success. About twenty
men employed in the post office and else-
where in the civil service laid off for a day,
at their own expense, and helped in the erec-
tion of the platform and booths. There
seemed to be rivalry to see which organiza-
tion could make the best contribution
ideas and efforts.
in
All the booths did a thriving business. On
Saturday night the tent was packed to capa-
city and about eight hundred people were
turned away. The organizations Avhich
joined in the affair were: The Chicago Den-
tal Club, Grace Presbyterian Sunday School,
Phalanx Club, Tuskegee Club, Women's Aid
Society, Appomattox Club, Young Matrons'
Culture Club, Pandora Club, Coleridge Tay-
lor Club, Entre Nous Club, Civic Protective
League, Ipsilon Delta Pi, and Ipsilon Sigma
Kappa.
The festival closed with a mass meeting
Sunday afternoon held at the Institutional
Church. Addresses were made by the Rev.
R. W. Bagnall, of Detroit, Mr. Robert Mc-
Murdy, the Rev. Duncan C. Milner, Prof.
R. T. Greener, the Rev. J. B. Massiah of St.
Thomas Episcopal Church, Charles T. Hal-
linan, and others. Dr. Bentley presided.
MEETINGS
Mass meetings with Mr. Villard, Mr. Stu-
din and Mrs. Butler R. Wilson as speakers
are.announced for East Orange, Trenton
and Newark during October.
The Association desires to thank the Na-
tional Association of Colored Women for
their donation of fifty dollars, voted at their
annual meeting in Wilberforce. The good
wishes which accompanied this gift, ae — »11
as the interest and sympathy shown toward
our work at the Empire State and New Eng-
land Federation meetings, were much appre-
ciated.
 "OUT OF AFRICA
BLACK SOLDIERS FROM SENEGAL FIGHTING TO PI

(Courtesy of L' Illustration, Paris)

|LEDMY SON!"
IE CIVILIZATION OF EUROPE AGAINST ITSELF
 WORLD WAR AND THE COLOR ciency and has been for twenty years
LINE the bully of Europe with a chip on her

ANY shoulder and defiance in her mouth.

colored persons, and
persons interested in
>£: k > fir* them, may easily make
the mistake of supposing
that the present war is
far removed from the
color problem of America and that in
the face of this great catastrophe we
may forget for a moment such local
problems and give all attention and con-
tributions to the seemingly more press-
ing cause.
This attitude is a mistake. The
ent war in Europe is one of the. great
disasters due to race and color prejudice
and it but foreshadows greater disasters
in the future.
It is not merely national jealousy, or
the so-called "race" rivalry of Slav, Teu-
ton and Latin, that is the larger cause
of this war. It is rather the wild quest
for Imperial expansion among colored
races between Germany, England and
France primarily, and Belgium, Italy,
Russia and Austria-Hungary in lesser
degree. Germany long since found her-
self shut out from acquiring colonies.
She looked toward South America, but
the "Monroe Doctrine" stood in her way.
She started for Africa and by bulldoz-
ing methods secured one good colony,
one desert and two swamps. Her last
efforts looked toward North Africa and
Asia-Minor. Finally, she evidently de-
cided at the first opportunity to seize
English or French colonies and to this
end feverishly expanded her navy, kept
her army at the highest point of effi-
The colonies which England and
France own and Germany covets are
largely in tropical and semi-tropical
lands and inhabited by black, brown and
yellow peoples. In such colonies there
is a chance to confiscate land, work the
natives at low wages, make large profits
and open wide markets for cheap Euro-
pean manufactures. Asia, Africa, the
South Sea Islands, the West Indies.
Mexico and Central America and much
of South America have long been desig-
pres-
nated by the white world as fit field for
this kind of commercial exploitation, for
the benefit of Europe and with little re-
gard for the welfare of the natives. One
has only to remember the forced labor
in South Africa, the outrages in Congo,
the cocoa-slavery in Portuguese Africa,
the land monopoly and peonage of Mex-
ico, the exploitation of Chinese coolies
and the rubber horror of the Amazon to
realize what white imperialism is doing
to-day in well-known cases, not to men-
tion thousands of less-known instances.
In this way a theory of the inferiority
of the darker peoples and a contempt
for their rights and aspirations has be-
come all but universal in the greatest
centers of modern culture. Here it was
that American color prejudice and race
hatred received in recent years unex-
pected aid and sympathy. To-day civil-
ized nations are 'fighting like mad dogs
over the right to own and exploit these
darker peoples.
In such case where should our sym-
pathy lie? Undoubtedly, with the Allies
 EDITORIAL
with England and France in particu-
I—lar. Not that these nations are inno-
cent. England was in the past blood-
guilty above all lands in her wicked and
conscienceless rape of darker races.
England was primarily responsible for
American slavery, for the starvation of
India, and the Chinese opium
traffic.
But the salvation of England is that she
lias the ability to learn
from her mis-
takes. To-day no white nation is fairer
in its treatment of darker
peoples than
England. Not that England is yet fair.
She is not yet just, and she still nour-
ishes much
disdain for colored races,
erects contemptible and humiliating
political and social barriers and
steals
their land and labor; but as compared
with Germany England is an angel
of
light, The record of Germany as a col-
onizer toward weaker and darker
people
is the most barbarous
of any civilized
people and grows worse instead of bet-
ter. France is less efficient than Eng-
land as an administrator of colonies
and
has consequently been guilty of
much
neglect and injustice; but she is
never-
theless the most kindly of all
European
nations in her personal relations
with
colored folk. She draws no dead line
of color and colored Frenchmen
always
love France.
Belgium has been as pitiless and
grasping as Germany and in strict
jus-
tice deserves every pang
she is suffer-
ing after her unspeakable
atrocities in
Congo. Russia has never drawn
a color
line but has rather courted
the yellow
races, although with
ulterior motives.
Japan, however, instilled wholesome
re-
spect in this line.
Undoubtedly, then the triumph of the
allies would at least leave the plight
of
the colored races no worse
than now
indeed, considering the fact
than black
Africans and brown Indians and
yellow
Japanese are fighting for France
and
England it may be that they will
come
out of this frightful welter of
blood with
new ideas of the essential equality of
all
men.
(
>" the other hand, the triumph of
Germany means the triumph of every
29
force calculated to subordinate darker
peoples. It would mean triumphant
militarism, autocratic and centralized
government and a studied theory of con-
tempt for everything except Germany—
"Germany above everything in the
world." The dispair and humiliation of
Germany in the eighteenth century has
brought this extraordinary rebound of
self-exaltation and disdain for mankind.
The triumph of this idea would mean a
crucifixion of darker peoples unparal-
leled in history.
The writer speaks without anti-Ger-
man bias; personally he has deep cause
to love the German people. They made
him believe in the essential humanity of
white folk twenty years ago when he was
near to denying it. But even then the
spell of militarism was in the air,
and
the Prussian strut had caught the
na-
tion's imagination. They were starting
on the same road with the southern
American whites toward a contempt to-
ward human beings and a faith in their
own utter superiority to all other breeds.
This feeling had not then applied itself
particularly to colored folk and has only
begun to to-day but it is going by leaps
;
•
and bounds. Germany needs but the
role of world conquest to make her
one
of the most contemptible of "Nigger"
hating nations. Just as we go to press,
the Berliner Tageblatt publishes a pro-
clamation by "German representatives
of Science and Art
to the World of Cul-
ture" in which men Harnack, Bode,
like
Hauptmann, Suderman,
Roentgen'
Humperdink, Wundt and others, insult
hundreds of millions of human beings
by openly sneering at "Mongrels and
Niggers."
As colored Americans then, and as
Americans who fear race prejudice as
the greatest of War-makers, our sympa-
thies in the awful conflict should be witli
France and England not that they have
;
conquered race prejudice, but they have
at least begun to realize its cost and
evil,
while Germany exalts it.
If so great a catastrophe has followed
jealousies and greed built on a desire
to
steal from and oppress people whom the
 : :
30
dominant culture dispises, how much
wilder and wider will be the conflict
when black and brown and yellow peo-
ple stand up together shoulder to shoul-
der and demand recognition as men!
Let us give then our sympathies to
those nations whose triumph will most
tend to postpone if not to make unneces-
sary a world war of races.
A CORRESPONDENCE
HE General Federation of
(white) Women's Clubs
sent a representative to
the meeting of the Na-
tional Association
Colored Women
Wil- at
berforce, and the magazine of the Gen-
eral Federation published an excellent
article concerning that meeting. On the
strength of this the magazine has evi-
dently obtained the mailing list of the
colored organization and is sending this
letter broadcast
General Federation Magazine
Only official organ of the General Fed-
eration of Women's Clubs
New York, N. Y., Sept. 22, 1914.
My dear Madam
Your name has been sent to me by
Miss Zona Gale, formerly Chairman of
Civics of the General Federation of
Women's Clubs, who recently spoke be-
fore your Colored Women's Convention,
as being one of the prominent colored
women in this country who would with-
out doubt be interested in the General
Federation Magazine, which is the
official organ of the General Federation
of Women's Clubs.
I am using this month an account of
your Convention by Miss Zona Gale and
I know you will be interested to see that
in this important Magazine. May I not
hope for your support in the way of at
least one subscription to the Magazine?
I would like to add this also If one :
woman could be appointed in each club
or organization to take subscriptions, she
might find it profiable for herself or her
: :
EDITORIAL
organization to make a business of this
matter. The price of the Magazine is
$1.00 a year and we allow a discount of
25% on each subscription. Can we not
join our forces in some way ? should We
be glad to give you publicity in the
Magazine whenever you desire.
We are sending you a sample copy of
our Biennial number.
Very cordially yours,
(Signed) Harriet Bishop Waters,
General Federation Magazine.
This letter has received the following
reply from The Crisis office
Dear Madam
I have your circular concerning a sub-
of scription to the General Federation
Magazine.
Do you think it is fair to ask a col-
ored person to subscribe to the official
organ of an organization which discrim-
inates against them so outrageously as
yours does?
Very sincerely yours, etc.
We trust that similar letters will go
from every colored woman approached.
This is not a matter of hatred or com-
plaint. It is a matter of self-respect.
The General Federation of Women's
Clubs has insulted every black woman in
America. They have deliberately and
openly put a brand on her. Clubs com-
posed of every race and nation in Amer-
ica arewelcome to this federation except
those of blackwomen. Against this con-
temptible action taken by northern white
women to placate the petty spite of
southern white women colored women
cannot and do not wish to take any ac-
tion. They are quietly and effectively
doing their own club work. But they
refuse to forget the. insult or condone it.
Above all they resent on the part of
these narrow-minded white women the
assumption that the exclusion of colored
women's clubs, from the General Federa-
tion has "helped" the colored organiza-
tion. The stealing of my purse may
make me careful and saving but I owe
littlegratitude to the thief, and at all
events for the thief to demand gratitude
is adding insult to injury.
 ! ! : ;: ! '

THE BURDEN OF BLACK WOMEN

31

THE BURDEN OF BLACK WOMEN

Dark daughter of the lotus leaves that watch Who raised the fools to their glory
the Southern sea,
But black men of Egypt and Ind
Wan spirit of a prisoned soul a-panting to Ethiopia's sons of the evening,
?

be free;
Chaldeans and Yellow Chinese?
The muttered music of thy streams, the
The Hebrew children of Morning
whispers of the deep
And mongrels of Rome and Greece 1
?
Have kissed each other in God's name and
Ah, well!
kissed a world to sleep.

The will of the

And they that raised the boasters
world is a whistling wind
Shall drag them down again:
sweeping a cloud-cast sky,
And not from the east and not from the west
Down with the theft of their thieving
knelled
And murder and mocking of men,
its soul-searing cry;
But out of the past of the Past's grey past,
Down with their barter of women
it yelled from the top of the sky;
And laying and lying of creeds,
Crying: Awake,
Down with their cheating of childhood,
ancient race! Wail- And drunken orgies of war-
ing: woman arise!
And crying and sighing and crying again
down,
as a voice in the midnight cries;
But the burden of white men bore her back, down,
and the white world stifled her sighs
deep down,

The White World's vermin and filth Till the Devil's strength be shorn,
All the dirt of London, Till some dim, darker David a-hoeing of his
All the scum of New York; corn,
Valiant spoilers of women And married maiden, Mother of God,
And conquerors of unarmed men Bid the Black Christ be born
Shameless breeders of bastards
Drunk with the greed of gold,
Baiting their blood-stained hooks Then shall the burden of manhood,

With cant for the souls of the simple, Be it yellow or black or white,
Bearing the White Man's Burden And Poverty, Justice and Sorrow—
Of Liquor and Lust and Lies! The Humble and Simple and Strong,
Unthankful we wince in the East, Shall sing with the Sons of Morning
Unthankful we wail from the westward, And Daughters of Evensong:
Unthankfully thankful we sing,
In the un-won wastes of the wild
Black mother of the iron hills that guard the
I hate them, Oh blazing sea,
I hate them well,
Wild spirit of a storm-swept soul a-strug-
I hate them, Christ
gling to be free,
As I hate Hell, Where 'neath the bloody finger marks, thy
If I were God
riven bosom quakes,
I'd sound their knell Thicken the thunders of God's voice, and lo!
This day! a world awakes!
22 THE CRISIS

THE COLORED Y. M. C. A. BUILDING, WASHINGTON, D. C.

 THE COLORED
THE COLORED
By C. H.
HE first Young Men's Chris-
tian Association of colored
men Avas organized
Washington, D. C, in 1853,
two years after the first
Association was organized
on this continent, and
eleven years after the parent Association
was founded in London by George Williams.
Anthony Bowen, a free Negro who worked
in one of the government departments at
Washington, was the first president. Wil-
liam Chauncy Langdon, afterwards founder
of the International Convention, was then
secretary of the white Association of Wash-
ington and an employee of the same govern-
ment department in .which Bowen worked.
The two men were strong friends and mutu-
ally helpful each other in Association
to
work. From this beginning the Young Men's
Christian Association work among colored
men has had continuous existence and steady
growth. The period of greatest growth,
however, is covered by the last seven years,
and the purpose of this article is to note
the important achievements of that period,
and to show how the movement has grown
in such a short time from a few Associations
widely scattered and owning property val-
ued at less than $200,000 to a nation-wide
brotherhood with modern buildings in all
sections of the country valued at more than
$1,000,000.
Up ago there was not a
to seven years
singlemodern Y. M. C. A. for colored men
anywhere in the country. There were build-
ings in Xew York, Louisville, Norfolk, Ashe-
ville, Atlanta, Orange, N. J., and other
places, but they were, with the possible ex-
ceptions of Norfolk and Asheville, old resi-
dences turned into Association buildings. In • osity, and far-reaching significance, in view
1907 George Foster Peabody, a New York
business man who had long been interested
in Association work for colored men, offered
to give $20,000 for a building to be erected
in Columbus, Ga., his native city, on condi-
tion that $5,000 be raised by the citizens of
Columbus, white and colored. The condition
was met and a modern building was erected.
This was the beginning of the forward move-
ment.
Shortly after the erection of the Columbus
Y. M. C. A. 33
Y. M. C. A.
TOBIAS
building, the Washington Association secur-
ed an offer of $25,000 from John D. Rocke-
in feller on condition that a like sum be raised
to erect a $50,000 building. In a popular
subscription campaign the colored people of
Washington subscribed $32,000. This result
was so gratifying to all concerned that the
objective was raised from $50,000 to $100,-
000. Of this amount, which was finally col-
lected, the colored people paid $27,000. The
building was completed and dedicated in
1912. With its swimming pool, bowling al-
ley, billiard parlor, cafe, gymnasium, read-
ing room, Bible study courses, boys' depart-
ment, and dormitories for fifty men, its ap-
peal to the men and boys of Washington
has met with a generous response. It has
the distinction of having closed out its first
year without a deficit, the obligations having
been met from the year's receipts accruing
from membership fees, room rent, and fees
for use of swimming pool and game privi-
leges. The last published report shows a
membership of 675.
Chicago was the next city to enter a build-
ing campaign. The result of this campaign
for Chicago itself may be stated in a word
— the largest and finest Association building
for colored men in the United States was
erected at a cost of $190,000. The feature
of outstanding importance in the Chicago
campaign, however, was the interest mani-
fested by Julius Rosenwald, the Hebrew pre-
sident of the Sears-Roebuck Company, who
gave $25,000 to the Chicago building, and
was so pleased with the investment that he
extended the offer of a like amount to any
city in the country that would raise $75,000
to erect a $100,000 building for colored men.
This was an offer of such wonderful gener-
of the race and religion of the donor, that it
stunned the Association world. A promi-
nent Chicago business man declared that it
was the greatest benefaction the Negro had
received since the Emancipation Proclama-
tion was issued.
This remarkable challenge has been met
by eleven cities, namely, Washington, Chi-
cago, Atlanta, Indianapolis, Philadelphia,
Los Angeles, Kansas City, Baltimore, Cin-
cinnati, New York and Nashville. In four
 FOUR COLORED DONORS TO Y. M. C. A. BUILDING FUNDS
Mrs. C. J. Walker, of Indianapolis, Ind., $1,000 Mrs. D. Merchant, of Cincinnati, O., $1,200
Henry W. Chase, of Washington, D. C, $500 James Tilghman, of Chicago, 111., $1,000
 THE COLORED Y. M. C. A. 35

—
of these cities Washington, Chicago, Indi-
—
anapolis and Philadelphia the buildings
have been completed and are now in full
operation. In the other cities buildings are
either in course of erection or will be started
soon.
Jt is interesting to note that as many
eleven Negroes have contributed $1,000 each
in these building campaigns, and that white
men of Nashville will give $40,000 toward
the Nashville building, and white men of At-
lanta $25,000 toward the Atlanta building.
Along with the forward movement in city
work has come an awakening of interest on
tiie part of many great corporations employ-
ing Negro labor. An Association has been
established at a Newport News, Va., ship-
yard where 4,000 Negroes are employed.
Buxton, Iowa, a colored mining community,
has a $30,000 equipment for men and boys.
The American Cast Iron Pipe Company of
Birmingham, Ala., has a large and well ap-
pointed building where colored employees
under a colored secretary occupy two floors,
and white employees occupy one floor.
There is a colored railroad Association at
Bluefield, W. Va., supported by the Norfolk
and Western Railroad. A county Associa-
tion has been established at Lawrenceville,
Brunswick County, Va. The secretary is
supported by the Y. M. C. A. of Pennsyl-
vania State College.
In order to prepare leaders and furnish
continuation school facilities for workers in
the city and industrial centers, the Chesa-
peake Summer School is held annually at
Camp Chesapeake, Arundel-on-the-Bay, Md.
Dr. J. E. Moorland is dean, and has asso-
a total membership of nearly 7,000. The
principal activities of the student Associa-
tion, conducted under the direction of stand-
ing committees, are work for new students,
Bible study, mission study, weekly religious
meetings, social and recreative features,
as agencies for securing employment, and com-
munity social service. Tuskegee, Hampton
and Howard employ salaried secretaries.
Hampton has the distinction of having the
only student Association building for col-
ored men. This building was erected at a
cost of $33,000 and was dedicated in Febru-
ary, 1913. The leadership of the student
work is largely in the hands of voluntary
workers, many of whom receive training in
the Student Conference held annually at
King's Mountain, N. C.
The Negro Christian Student Convention
recently held at Atlanta was directed by the
student Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A.; 500
delegates from 88 schools and colleges, 24
college presidents, and 175 religious and
educational leaders, white and colored, were
Ijresent at this Convention, the purpose of
which was to study with thoroughness the
responsibility of the Negro student for
Christian work at home and abroad, and to
consider what light Christian thought might
throw on co-o]3eration between the races.
The claims of Christian work were forceful-

ciated withhim for class work and lecture

courses some of the strongest educational
and Association workers in the country.
This fully equipped camp for colored men
is conducted on property owned by colored
men, and faces an exclusive water front a
half mile long.
Paralleling the city work almost from the
beginning of its history, and keeping pace
with it in growth and achievements, has been
the student division of the Association. The
first colored student Association was organ-

ized at Howard University in 1869. When

the International Student Department was
inaugurated at the Louisville International
Convention in 1877, three colored Associa-
tions —
Howard, Fisk and Walden were —
represented in the Convention. There are
now 104 colored student Associations with COLORED Y. M. C. A., CHICAGO
36 THE CRISIS

ly presented by representatives of the differ- tional Committee whose business it is to su-

ent life-callings, and questions of race re- pervise the work of colored Young Men's
lationships were discussed with frankness Christian Associations. They are W. A.
and sincerity by white and black alike. A Hunton, J. E. Moorland, J. B. Watson, R.
noteworthy achievement of the Convention P. Hamlin, C. H. Tobias, and A. L. Jack-
was the enrollment of 240 male delegates son. Mr. Hunton, the senior secretary, has
who expressed willingness to consider defi- served continuously for 27 years. Mr. Jack-
nite forms of Christian service as life-work. son, the latest addition to the staff, was class
John R. Mott, who presided at all the ses- orator at the 1914 commencement of Har-
sions, declared it to be one of the most sig- vard University. He takes the place of Mr.
nificant conventions in the religious history D. D. Jones, who recently resigned to take
of America. charge of the Colored Men's Branch of St.
There are six secretaries of the Interna- Louis.

COLORED Y. M. C. A. SUMMER TRAINING SCHOOL

THE GOLDEN-FACED PEOPLE

A Story of the Chinese Conquest of America

By NICHOLAS VACHEL LINDSAY I

/. Trouble with a Laundryman. washing because I had lost my half of his

Be was a laundryman who ironed shirts red ticket. I showed him for the tenth time
superbly, yet with that irritating air of be- the name on the linen. I was in a hurry to
ing a little above bis business. His picked dress for the Lincoln's birthday banquet.
English showed me that he aspired to be Pushing the money towards him, I jumped
something more than a coolie. I thought for the exit with my goods. He
turned out
we had been friends for some months, but the gas. . I heard him scramble over the
now old Yellow-arms clutched my week's counter. He was between me and the door.

THE GOLDEN-FACED PEOPLE
He hit me with the handle of his broom.
Then I was under the delusion
for the alley through the side entrance.
77. Results of Being Hit IVifli
I found myself in a long,
passage, thick with yellow fog.
denly 1 was in a packed assembly room
where the walls blazed with dragon-embroid-
ered lanterns. I turned around. The door
of iron behind me was closed. My pursuer
was not in sight.
The place was like a sort of heathen tem-
ple. But no, the next thing that caught my
eye was the phrase "In the year of Christ."
: thing after this fashion
It appeared that this fantastic gathering
was about to dedicate with speeches and
ceremonies a tablet inscribed: "In the year
of Christ hro thousand eight hundred and
nine Lin-Kon tvas born. This memorial is
set up on the one hundreth anniversary of
his birth in honor of his meritorious and su-
perior career. He was the emancipator of
the white man."
room were on this tablet.
All eyes in the
It was above the speaker's platform.
The shirt-washer had hit me pretty hard.
I did not realize it all at once but he had
knocked me through that iron door into the
next millenium. He had knocked the Chi-
nese language into my head, for these in-
scriptions were written in that ideograph.
And now was amazed to behold him, or a
I atories were hatched the medical lodges and
person quite like him sitting in a pew at
one side of the platform. He blinked there
in a majesty that Avas a tremendous expan-
sion of the streak of dignity with which he
once ironed shirts. He had somehow knocked
another thing into my head that a China- — sects, who prayed over their crucibles in
man is so infinitely superior to a white man
there is no comparison. I knew that was
the meaning of the empty bench, reserved
for him exclusively, despite the
aisles.
The audience was one-half Anglo-Saxon.
The other half seemed Chinese, but it slowly
dawned on me that they tcere not! They
were Eurasians, half yellow, half white, who
looked scornfully upon us who were so pure
and pale. But, on the other hand, they
glanced furtively in the direction of their
solitary Chinese visitor with eyes of abject
abasement.
///. Time Chinese Superiority Came About.
was being patronizingly escorted toward
!
the tablet by some of these half-yellow men.
1 knew I was being treated with honors be-
cause of my learning, and in spite of my
:
37
color. I was being delicately and deprecat-
thai I made ingly introduced to half a score of half-yel-
low speakers of the evening, there grouped
a Broom. about the tablet.
iron-floored Then 1 was being proclaimed to the audi-
Just as sud- ence as one who had studied with zeal the
Chinese conquest of America. I laid down
my laundry bundle. I was in a whirlwind
of astonishing impressions. And it was no
longer a bundle, but had shrunken into a
manuscript, in Chinese characters which I
knew I myself had written. I opened it and
read and commented to the crowd some- —
"When our fathers taught the Golden
People mechanics in the sordid ages of the
world, the white man was the leader of civil-
ization." There was a mighty cheer. Es-
pecially those almost white grew vociferous.
Gongs were beaten. Fans were thumped
against the seats till they were splinters. I
continued : "Our fathers were not scared
when the Golden Men instituted their thor-
ough-going compulsory education, nor when
they put up their immortal universities from
Canton to Lhassa. But that was the crucial
hour, the pivot of history. Then, in the
Chinese mind the Religion of Science took
the place of the Religion of Literature,
which same had been with them from the
days of Shen and Yao. Now in their labor-
inventors of secret societies, infamous and
sublime. They sent forth whirlwinds of
tracts with sociological, hygienic and biolog-
ical remedies for China. These became well
nigh inspired in the ej'es of sects and sub-
their little back-rooms, with the phrenzy of
Mohammedans entering battle.
"Private lists were compiled of high and
crowded low families prone to opium or vice or had
citizenship, and of many others with a ten-
dency to crime or idiocy. When the storm
broke, these were sure to fall, whatever the
apparent quarrel. Two provinces below the
normal, were almost wiped out. Over every
temple door and city gate appeared the quo-
tation from the scientific conspirator Dah-
win : 'Science and Heaven are one.' And
revolutionary banners proclaimed his more
terrible saying, 'None but Superior men are
til to live.' Every revolution aims at the an-
nihilation of some class. Here all perished
but the subtle, the wise and the strong.
"In the counter-revolution Science appar-
ently returned to her kitchen and work-
.8 THE
bench. The simple worship of Heaven was
restored, with high Christian elements. The
scholar sipped his tea, quoted the Sermon on
the Mount, quoted the Apostle Paul, quoted
Mencius again, and practically every China-
man was a scholar. Machinery was now the
slave and not the master of Society. The
Golden Man retained, indeed, the most sci-
entific national and family relations. But
he had learned to justify them by the five
classics. His revolution had not been in
vain. When he nodded, Asia had to kneel.
He dominated by no apparent conquest but
seemingly by his sedate carriage, his level
glance, his deliberate fan.
"Their novelists showed to the judicious
that the golden people were still human, and
their deep-burrowing sociologists made
their sins seem black, but how could we re-
alize it, who met them in public matters
only? How could we resist the well-dis-
posed, iron-boned gentlemen, when they
came as the apostles of light and altruism?
To be sure we had made great steps since
the sordid ages, but beside them, we seemed
to have been retrograding. To be sure we
had sculpture and architecture greater than
theirs, but they had taught us to apologize
for them by showing at the right moment,
dazzling textiles, ceramics and bronzes. We
had a power in music they could not reach
but they hinted our accomplishment in this
direction was a mark of national effeminacy.
They spoke lightly but confidently of their
jades and mosaics, their new schools of pan-
tonine and drama. We had a poetry of our
own, but they made the poems collected by
Confucius "more loved by the world.
" 'Indeed,' said one of their scholars to his
prince, 'in the presence of the well-rounded
daily life of China, how brash seem the un-
clothed inventions of this whey-faced Democ-
racy, where the weakling or diseased are
tolerated for their votes and praised for
their perverseness, where forever and for-
ever the fairest things are tarnished with
stupidity.'
IV. Jhno Hie White Man Was Enslaved.
"The Golden-faced men came to our land
will) apparent humility (lial hides one
thai
knows what.
not They were ostensibly,
hired servants of our public, scientific road-
builders, park-architects, expert accountants,
linguists, lecturers. Later they came as the
establishes of immemorial ceremonies in the
courts of our governors, who found the
ways of the Golden People indispensable for
CRISIS
the glory of their administrations. They
became valuable political advisers. Cere-
mony blended with intrigue. Politeness be-
came the poisoned sword of politics, and
left the puzzled voters out of the govern-
ment.
"Many Europeans, not in the pay of the
Chinese, have maintained that our first fifty
years as a Chinese province were the great-
est in our history. When the pagodas be-
gan to rise, when the so-called orange-toned
school of city-building, first carried by the
Japanese into China, was brought here with
distinctly Chinese changes, all our best spir-
its felt the fertilizing effect. Our young-
scholars, returning from Pekin with the
highest degrees, had the faculty of finding
every manof talent and firing his zeal for
constructive reform till he was like an amber
flame. And in season and out these scholars
were disposed to voice their gratitude to the
eternal lights of China.
"Our common people did not fare as well
as our cultured classes, but knew it not. In
the words of one of our own historians,
'They moved about, anemic and restless, like
the petted white monkeys that eat sweet-
meats in the palaces of India.'
"Gradually the strength of the Golden-
faced became an ingenious tyranny. They
protested they meant us well, and, individ-
ually many of them did, but collectively we
were the Aveaker because our social system
was more impure. And so we had to go
down through caste and serfdom to slavery.
Only when it was too late did we know of i
the system of engines in the Chinese labora-
tories especially constructed, to insure our
obedience.''
V. The Praise of Lin-Kon.
"In our endless nightmare we scarcely
noted the young sage who was traveling
around the world with his group of students,
like Confucius, seeking that magistrate who
would allow him to set up his ideal govern-
ment. Indeed, in his majestic and superior
doctrines, the great Lin-Kon was nearer to
Confucius than to any other teacher."
A spiritual wind swept through the au-
dience. Again they burst through the shame
of showing emotion. They rocked in their
seats and wept and shouted. They thanked
Heaven and thanked God for Lin-Kon.
Indeed it was a curious audience. The
wierdness and horror of Lurasianism was
over it all —
that which would fain be white,
and yet be yellow, never knowing its own
 THE GOLDEN-FACED PEOPLE
mind. That audience was full of mixed
tastes. A few still wore gowns according to
the ancient fashions of white people, which,
I somehow remembered, were permitted
again when we were emancipated. But most
of them were anxious to be in fashion rather
than to be free, if their costumes told any-
thing. The gowns of most of the women and
children were embroidered with turkey-cocks,
peach-blooms and demons, in the prevailing
Chinese fashion. And the majority of the
men were in stately impractical blue and
grey scholars' gowns, which looked foolish
on manual laborers.
Now T found myself wandering from the
text, often reading it mechanically, to reflect
upon these things. There were all possible
grades of half-breeds before me, and I noted
with a kind of inward twitch that the heads
of the men became more nobly formed in
proportion as their eyebrows straightened
and their hair approached Chinese black.
The proudest of the women were plainly
those with facial contours sleek as carved
jade, with complexions neither gold nor
silver, yet both. These were women, I some-
how understood, who had no husbands of
their own race, but had mysterious relations
with certain leading Chinamen of the town,
and their children, even prouder than they,
sat beside them even more golden of face,
even more reserved of manner, and loaded
down with jewels.
"It was in these provinces," I continued,
"that Lin-Kon saw men and women chained
to what was actually a state auction-block,
though defended under a technical name.
He saw our fathers sold into hard labor and
our mothers into destruction. He had been
born on the hardy plains of central China
where the people have a rough sort of equal-
ity, being all one race. Kneeling before the
sacred image of Equality in this very town
he swore 'by the Justice of Heaven' that he
would some time 'hit the curse of Slavery
and hit it hard.'
"And the story will be told to-night by
better orators than the one now speaking,
how the celestial abolitionists looked upon
theirhumbler brethren and resolved to make
them equal with themselves or destroy the
reigning dynasty in the attempt, and how,
led and mastered and disciplined by the im-
mortal Lin-Kon, they secured through bloody
revolution an equal place for us before the
Law.
"But 1 must be brief. I leave these mat-
39
ters to these other gentlemen on the plat-
form. I have been asked to say a few words
on the issues of the hour. At the mass-meet-
ing of the celestials of the whole city to
celebrate Lin-Kon this afternoon, in the
public Square, in the shadow of the statue
of Equality, great pains were taken to keep
white men and Eurasians off the platform or
the committees, though it was a civic and
not a social occasion. Naturally, but not
wisely, we have been indignant. We have
declared it was like playing Hamlet without
the melancholy Dane. We have maintained
that our voices would not necessarily have
defiled their ears, neither should our rejoic-
ings have made them sad. We were going
to protest, but better councils prevailed. We
can now celebrate here, in our own temple,
in our own district of the city. We have
privileges sufficient for rejoicing. Our right
to political equality is written in the consti-
tution, and as soon as we deserve it we will
have in fact.
it Already we have the full
benefit of the law in many of our rights. Let
us forget that we cannot wear swords. We
do not need them. At least I can say we
need money far more. Our next step is not
sword equality but commercial equality. We
must soberly and quietly look out for our-
selves in business. There are no fatherly
Chinese reformers watching over us. Lin-
Kon is fifty years dead, and the Abolition-
ists are under the sod, and all that genera-
tion. We must not ask for social equality,
nor to have the color-line rubbed out. Our
highest dream must be, by patience and dig-
nity, by more care for ethics and ceremony,
by a sweeter Christianity to attain to a sort
of spiritual rank with the conservative,
everlasting race that still dominates."
There was a tremendous pandemonium of
acclaim. 1 sat down deeply pleased and
thrilled, for my last words had been pretty
stiff medicine for the once proud Anglo-
Saxon.
VI. The Chinaman Treats Me as an Equal,
Though I Am Not.
T was sitting bythe Celestial now. By
an impreceptible gesture he had called me
to his side as put my manuscript into my
I
pocket. I Eorgdt not his resemblance to the
laundryman I seemed to have known mil-
lions of years ago, yet it did not interfere
with the intensity of my present exultation
at his kindness. I knew that he shrunk from
me as from a leper, yet his attention was an
accolade. He whispered: "Servant, can you
40 THE CRISIS

come with me!" I answered: "Honorable glowed with a determination to be just. He

sir, I am
yon." We threaded the
with came of the oldest and the proudest of the
packed aisles, the people giving way before Chinese clans. Aspirations lofty and im-
him as before a demi-god. My heart bumped memorial had formed his forehead and
like a fire-engine. My cheeks seemed scalded purged his eyes of cunning and scorn. But
with the blood in them. I knew that every I went on "You cannot make me a hero
:

speaker left behind envied me, that each one in your assembly. You will lose face, and
had planned a sentence or so that he had more than lose face. You and I will be mis-
expected to roll out with special eloquence understood and vilified, now and hereafter.
and make a hit with that Golden Man. Now Whatever we say on Lin-Kon's Birthday, we
I was stealing their audience. know a white criminal is made more famous
How soft and cool was the night air. Un- in a day in the gold newspapers, than a
der the dingy street-lamps of the white man's white preacher can become by endless talk
"
quarter there was a sad and radiant dig- of 'Sweet Christianity.'
nity about my companion that put a child- We paused before the statue of Equality.
ish aching and choking in my throat. I She was a vast Sphinx-like creature. The
said in my heart, as his measured words animals beneath her claws, supposed to rep-
came to me "I would be willing
like balm: resent Prejudice, and slain Tyranny, were
to be skinned alive just to be like him. He carved like those on the avenue to the Ming
justifies the ages." Yet he was simple Tombs. Her half-shut-eyes held unfathom-
enough in conversation. He said: "I was able thought. Many men who
passed by
anxious to Lin-Kon's birthday
hear your saluted her gravely, so Ipresumed it was a
celebration, and compare it with our own. custom. But my noble friend did more than
I have been deeply gratified at the tone of that. He turned and put both hands on my
your address." shoulders, made me look him in the eyes, and
I was silent. I did not know how to shook me by the hand. His inner exultation
thank him. With just the right deliberation must have been tremendous to overcome his
we entered the brilliant celestial streets, as natural shrinking from my white and ghastly
though crossing line were
that invisible skin. I gave him the manuscript. I re-
crossing no line at had an eye for
all. I gretted it the moment it had left my hand.
the pageantry, and Lin-Kon's name in golden VII. I Almost Wake Up, Yet Dream On.
letters everywhere. The sage by my side We were at the door of the banqueting
Avas saying: "Servant, I was anxious to hall. We
passed through long lines of white
hear the rest of your speakers, but am due lackeys respectful eyes on my com-
who bent
at the other banquet. I feel sure that the panion, and supercillious eyes on me. I be-
other men on your programme
will adopt the gan to tremble. Indeed I loved the man for
same exalted tone that you used in your his unworldliness, but I wanted to get my
address." manuscript from him before he absent-mind-
"Master, they will, they will," I said edly led me into the very presence of the
hastily, and then blushed. "I mean they will revellers themselves. He was expounding to
not sav anything violent or incendiary. me views of the Anglo-Saxon talent for
his
They will"— Drama, glossing over the faults of Shake-
"1
understand what you mean," he said speare and showing his real native worth.
with he greatest kindness.
I "I am going to He was talking rather loudly in his gener-
proclaim, at our banquet to-night, as the ous excitement.
watchword of reconstruction that saying of AND NOW HE HAD DONE IT. I
Lin-Kon: 'The superior man shows malice WAS PROFANING THE INNER SANC-
toward none and charity for all.' In addi- TUARY WHERE NO WHITE MAN
tion I shall read them, if you are willing, DARED GO UNLESS ATTIRED AS A
the section of your manuscript in which you SERVANT. There were the dazzling revel-
counsel 'Sweet Christianity.' It is i;ood for lers. I confused picture of an enor-
had a
both races to know such a word lias been mous feasl, many men drunk. And all those
given to-night." men at those long tables turned from their
"I will feel a terrible shame, mas-
I said: god-like nectar-drinking to stare at us. I
ter, you become absurd for my sake."
if could not but note that my companion was
He made a gesture as though my words of the most majestic presence there. But they
self-deprecation were tossed aside. His face scarcely saw him. They gazed at me as
 THE GOLDEN-FACED PEOPLE 41

though they would never take their eyes sembly hall. The man on the platform was
away. was the cynosure of a thousand
I at the climax of his oration "Lin-Kon has
reproving and astonished glances. They often been compared to Confucius." . . .

were as fascinated as they would have been But even now blood was Mowing. My Chi-
had a giant jungle elephant suddenly risen nese friend who had once been so lofty and
from the earth. And just as they could not so kind was shouldering up the aisle laying-
take their eyes away, so I could not help right and left with his fearful magic sword.
gazing at the endless phosphorescent crystals Immediately behind him came a company of
on the sword-hilts of these gentlemen. For the banqueters, cutting and thrusting like
every one was armed with that death-dealing mad. The leader was on the platform in a
electrical blade that only the pure Chinese flash. He
struck the miserable- speaker on
are permitted to carry. the mouth with
the flat of his hand, and then
I seemed to be waking up. I struggled beheaded him.
to cry out. I resolved to take any means The swordsmen appeared to grow impos-
possible to wake myself completely and ir- sibly emaciated and tall, yet with broad,
—
revocably as one often does in the midst of square shoulders. They leaned over the au-
a nightmare. I felt, in the foolish logic of dience like reapers. They mowed down my
nightmares, that if I could get my manu- wailing people like weeds.
script I could break the spell. I took it I turned. I wrenched desperately at the
hastily from the hands of my companion as rings in those iron doors by which, early in
he was bidding me farewell. Instantly it the evening, I came to this place. Now I
changed to my own bundle of laundry. I was in the yellow fog once more, crawling
said to myself: "I am awake at last." on the iron-floored passageway. I felt if I
But instead, I faced the most terrible part could get to the other end I could awake.
of my dream. The face of my clear friend, My feet and hands were like magnets, cling-
that philosophic spirit, that guide through ing to the floor.
darkness, underwent a complete degradation.
VIII. The White Race Still Supreme.
It shrivelled like a leaf in a fire, it became
petty and full of hate. Uttering inarticu- "Well, well, you brought him to, doctor. I
late cries he struggled with me for the thought that broom had finished him." . . .

bundle, and fell on one knee. He was thor- I was back in the twentieth century, in the
oughly angry because he had fallen, and be- laundry-shop. I was on the counter by the
cause his robe of honor was flecked with window. Friends in festive attire were flock-
dust.- I still had the victory. ing round me, good fellows all, the blooded
"Would you put me into contempt, rob- youth of the town. I said to myself: "I
ber .'" he breathed. "You shall be punished." am awake at last."
Then, turning, in a voice that brought the Three or four policemen held the door.
whole company to their feet with grave and Outside the mob howled and peered. Across
sobered concern, and finally set their swords the street dangled four men, hanged by the
whirring in the air, he cried: "This is a neck till they were dead. An officer pointed
robber, an insulter and an incendiary. He to the nearest.
has just been addressing a mob of his people. "That's your Chinaman," he said.
He has said: 'The White Race or the Chi- "Who bun- him?"
nese must perish. The whole white quarter "The mob."
will be armed in an hour.' " "Who is the next man ?"
As he spoke, every face in that company "That is a Japanese."
shrivelled to the pettiness and fury of bis "Who is the next?"
own. "Burn him alive!" they shouted. "That is .just a Greek."
!"
''Burn him alive "What did he do?"
The Irishman laughed. "I dunno," he
I was through those time-worn
fleeing said, "these foreigners have to keep out of
splendid streets with the speed which we can the way, suppose." Then by way of in-
I

only accomplish in dreams. I had the wild formation he added: "The Greeks are an
hope that I could reach my own people and awful ignorant people."
warn them thai the mob was coining. Tt -Who is the fourth man .'"

seemed to me
could hear the whole yellow
I "( Hi, dial's jusl a nigger."
race roaring just behind. I reached our as- "Why did they ban- him .'"
 :

42 THE CRISIS

"Why, I suppose they did not want to will go home with you and get you ready
burn him alive on Lincoln's Birthday." for the banquet yet."
"But why did they hang him ? What did 1

Sure enough there was my laundry bundle

he do?" on the table.opened it. The shirt was
I
"I dnnno. I guess he was too free with not soiled with blood where it would show.
his lip. The best nigger on earth is not as We managed to dodge the crowd by using
good as the worst white man. Niggers are the side door. In my room I made a quick
all alike. There was a Negro in Indiana the change. We were only fifty minutes late.
other day." And he told the usual story.
. . . The banquet had gone on with none of the
"Yes," agreed a Southerner. "The best other guests knowing what was happening
nigger is not as good as the worst white outside.
man. But we don't lynch 'em in our corner The Southerner gracefully ended the even-
of Virginia unless we know they're guilty. ing by his speech on Lincoln as an example
And. s< minting up his eyes at the mob: "We of the survival of the fittest, accompanied by
don't leave the dirty work to the poor white a eulogy of Darwin. Like the rest of the
trash." speakers, he did not touch on the race ques-
I found myself able and receive to stand tion or the question of equality at all. But
the congratulations of the company. "Now he had everything commendable to say of
wash the blood off your head and hands, old Lincoln, the self-made railsplitter and back-
man," continued the Southerner, "and we woodsman, the perfect pioneer type.

"In Black and White: An interpretation of Southern Life." is the insistance that "Thousands of slave-
By L. H. Hammond.
owners, like my own parents, thought slav-
F. H. Revel Co., N. Y., 1914. 244 pages.
ery wrong, and confidently expected the
iy/|KS. HAMMOND has written an unus-
time, not far distant, when the states would
"-l ual book. It is the attempt of a south-
themselves abolish it. The South did not
ern white woman to apply the modern phil-
fight for slavery."
anthropic attitude to the race relations of
the South. All this is new.
The book is composed of eight chapters.
Usually the
southern white woman is dumb and "pretty."
The first is a passionate call to the South
for a humanitarian outlook:
When she has applied her intelligence to the
race problem it has been to utter the most "Are we the only folk on earth responsible
reactionary thoughts. It has been quite the for a 'submerged tenth?' But if the bur-
fashion, too, to consider the southern race den is not peculiar? If it is our part of a

problem as so exceptional as have practi-

cally nothing in common
labor and uplift elsewhere.
have no working class in the South," said
one white girl student, innocently.
Mrs. Hammond speaks from curious van-
tage ground. Her husband is the southern
white president of a colored school an ex-
ceptional position and very trying. It was
to world-wide task? If everywhere men living
with problems of under such conditions as do the majority of
"You know we our Negroes are reacted upon by their en-
vironment just as the Negroes are? If we
have mistakenly counted our poverty line
and our color line as one?"
She insists on the essential humanity of
— all races
"Skins in color, heads are shaped
differ

reported that when his acceptance of this differently;one man's mind runs ahead of
position was announced, a large part of his his sympathies, perhaps, and another man's
fashionable Nashville audience arose and mind may creep while his emotional nature
left the church. runs rampant. But under all outward dif-
Mrs. Hammond herself was the daughter ferences their fundamental humanity is as
of liberal parents, slaveholders, but not be- much the same as is the earth under the
lievers in slavery. She grew up with broad mountain and the hill."
s vni pal hies and saw the best side of slavery. She says of "race pride":
One of the few debatable points in her book "Life does not develop towards uniform-
 " :
itv, but towards richness of variety in a
unity of beauty and service. Unless the Race
of Man contradicts all known laws of lite
it develop in the same way; and whether
will
white, or yellow, or black, they who guard
their own racial integrity, in a spirit of
brotherhood free from all other racial scorn,
will most truly serve the Race to which all
belong."
Other chapters take up specific
injustice of southern courts and industrial
relations, and the shame of the "Jim-Crow"
car. Her husband
tells her of his travel
with a colored colleague. The white man
was exhausted even with sleeping cars, din-
ing rooms, and decent day coaches, but the
colored man !
" 'How Gilbert stands it, physically or re-
ligiously, I cannot see,' he said. 'He goes
half the time without lying down to sleep.
If I were not with him, to dash into some
Avhite restaurant and buy him a cup of coffee
and something to eat, he would often go
hungry.'
The author particularly emphasizes the
need of better housing and surroundings for
Negroes and she slaps Mr. Washington's
counsels of contentment with a ghetto full
in the face with this:
"When by their own efforts a
secure a respectable neighborhood, families
of the better class building up a little com-
munity of their own, they are peculiarly
liable to have saloons and houses of ill-fame
thrust upon them by a low class of whites
whom the upper classes do not restrain.
The Negro owner of a city home, whatever
his education or business success, whatever
the sum invested in his propertj cannot be
sure, from month to month, of retaining for
his family surroundings compatible with
moral health and safety."'
She goes on to say
" 'If you white people could only under-
stand,' a Negro woman said to me not long
ago, her face fired with feeling. 'We don't
want our homes where we're not wanted.
But Ave want to be decent, too. And it's the
—
same all over the country anything will do
for a "nigger." You think we're all alike,
and you don't care what happens to us just
as we're out of your sight. My husband and
I were living in Denver; and we had money
to pay for But there
a comfortable house.
wasn't a place for rent to Negroes that a
self-respecting Negro would have. And how
will my people ever learn to be decent if
: —
TWO BOOKS 43
they must live in the white people's vice
district?'"
"We have no right to treat people like
that. In one large southern city, with high
taxes and a big revenue and an expensive
health department, a white friend of mine
counted one morning twelve dead cats and
dogs', in various stages of decomposition, in
one short Negro alley. It was not an un-
evils: the common sight, except that the corpses were
rather numerous. The outhouses are vile
beyond description, a menace not merely to
the Negroes but to the entire community.
Yet if a Negro tries to buy a home in a
healthful part of town we think his one
motive is to thrust himself upon us, socially,
just as far as he dares."
She touches the care of children and the
awful canker of southern criminal methods.
She calls for service and co-operation be-
tween white and black in social uplift work.
She asks white and colored women to stand
together in mutual defense and finally she
visions the Great Adventure of those "who
walk in love."
It is a fine book. It spells "Negro" with
a capital
"In obedience to the rule which requires
all race-names to begin with a capital letter,
few Negroes e. g., Indian, Teuton, Zulu, Maori, Anglo-
Saxon, Filipino, etc., etc."
The book has, of course, its little faults
a tendency to emphasize philanthropy rather
than self-expression, and evident limited
knowledge of the better classes of colored
folk; but then these detract but little from
an author whose earnestness and sincerity
and human breadth stands out splendidly.
7
,
"Industrial Conditions Among Negroes in St.
Louis." By W. A. Crossland. (Washington Univer-
sity Studies in Social Economics, Vol. I, No. 1.) 75
cents.
Mr. Crossland's study of St. Louis' col-
ored people, which inaugurates a series of
social studies, is very well done. It is con-
cise, readable, and the author knows his sub-
ject. We can best give an idea of the Avork
by quoting his more important findings.
"There are five colored districts, two of
them located in the very heart of the city.
Housing conditions are bad, over-croAvding
is common, but to no greater extent than
exists in districts peopled by other races
living on the same economic plane. Tavo of
the residence districts are very desirable,
both as to their location and the character
44 THE CRISIS

of the dwellings. The Negro wage-earning
population composed of 17,348 males and
is
7,758 females, 10 years of age and over.
An interesting feature of the population was
the few wage-earners from 10 to 16 years
of age, due to the exclusion of Negro boys
and girls from factory work.
"Over 226 different occupations were
found in which Negroes were engaged. The
occupations naturally fall into the
groups Professional, Business,
: Clerical,
Personal Service, Artisan, Factory, Common
Labor, Boys and Women. Another division
iii groups may be made by taking the first
three of those who earn their bread by men-
tal and the remaining six groups as
toil,
those who live by manual toil. Nine-tenths
of all the wage-earners are found within tbe
last four groups. If the artisan group is
included, the percentage rises to 96. Here is
where the great mass of Negro wage-earners
are to be found, engaging in unskilled occu-
pations, none of Which, with the exception
of the factory group, offer any great pos-
sibility of advancement. The great problem
in cities is to better he economic condition
t
of this unskilled nine-tenths. Barely four
per cent, of Negro workers earn their living
by mental toil. An encouraging shifting of
Negro wage-earners from group to group
was detected. The factory and common
labor groups have grown at the expense of
the personal service group, which includes
the least desirable occupations of all. Still
personal service claims 37 per cent., consid-
erably over one-third of the total number of
wage earners. The percentages for the other
groups are: Factory, 20.3; common labor,
20.1 ;
hoys, 6.2; artisan,
business, 1.8; professional, 0.5.
est chance to advance is to be
factory and artisan groups.
"Wage statistics showed
weekly
wage lor different
Professional,
$2!). 76; business, $16.50; cleri-
cal,+ 19.26; artisan, $16.45; personal service,
$10.86; factory, $13.76; common labor,
$13.86; boys, $5.34; women, $5.88. Over
three-fourths of the colored male workers
receive an average weekly wage under
$15.00; one-half of them average under
tributed by the women; over nine-tenths of
this income earned and expended by the
is
unskilled Negro laborers, who live on a low
economic plane. A noteworthy fact is the
ability of colored men to vary their occupa-
tions to suit conditions. Scanty data from
the State Free Employment Bureau gave the
Negro a good work record. There are very
limited means open to the Negro for secur-
following ing employment through the labor agencies.
The unskilled Negro problem is only a part
of that greater city problem, namely, the
bettering of the industrial conditions of the
poor.
"The professional, business and clerical
workers were considered together as they
earn their livelihood by mental toil. The
first group are the best paid members of
the colored race. Most of them are well
prepared and compare
in their chosen fields
favorably with professional workers among
the whites.
"The business group has greater possibili-
ties for growth. The large majority of busi-
ness enterprises have sprung up within the
last ten years. Approximately a quarter of
a million dollars is invested in St. Louis'
colored enterprises, and this capital is dis-
tributed through many
and not massed
fields
in a few lines of business. Entrepreneurs
started with small capital and within a com-
paratively short time have built up their
business to respectable proportions. The es-
timated yearly sales are in excess of $1,000,-
000, or about eight or nine per cent, of the
estimated annual earnings of the colored
people of St. Louis. Indications show that
business growth will be more rapid in the
3.0; clerical, 1.7;
future than in the past.
The great-
found in the
"The lowest paid and least desirable group
is composed of the personal service workers.
Aside from the Pullman and hotel service
thai the average
the workers are engaged in menial, disagree-
groups were:
able tasks. The group is declining, probably
losing its members to the factory and com-
mon labor groups. There is practically no
chance for advancement in any occupation
of the group.
"The most skillful and well paid of all
t manual laborers are the artisan workers.
lie

$12.00. An estimate based on all available They are composed mainly of building labor-
data showed that the total yearly earnings ers and chauffeurs. The number in the
of St. Louis' colored wage earners totaled group could be increased if colored labor
approximately $12,000,000, and certainly .were more largely utilized through the
much in excess of eleven million. Of this agency of an employment bureau, similar to-
amount two and one-tenth millions were con- the one in operation in Kansas City. Addi-
 THE BURDEN 45

titms to the group are few because of the Journal of Insanity for April, 1914. Dr.
hostility of white labor unions." Fuller's standing as a scientist is equal to
that of Dr. C. II. Turner of St. Louis, and
yet J. McKeen Cattell says in Science (Vol.
The work of Dr. S. C. Fuller,
excellent 39, No. 1004, P. •">),"There is not a single
the pathologist of the Westboro Insane Asy- mulatto who has done creditable scientific
lum, Massachusetts, is further shown by his work."
lalt'si pamphlet on "Amyloid Degeneration Of course, Mr. Cattell did not know, etc.,
of the Brain," reprinted from the American etc. But it was his business to know.

South Carolina, Oct. 7, 1914. our 1.5 bales of cotton at 10 cents per
Dear Mr. Editor: pound? If you can, or if you cannot, you
In addressing this letter to you I am en- will confer a great favor on me to even
deavoring to find a friend who is willing to just write a letter of encouragement in
aid a worthy one in need. I do not feel that answer to this.
this letter will interest you very much, as, This not intended for publication, but
is
no doubt, you have already received many should you desire to do so, please withhold
such letters. , my name and oblige,
But I realize that therealways a possi-
is Yours sincerely,
bility of an honest effort being crowned with
success. Hence, my determination to con-
tinue. I am not asking alms. I am simply
P. S. —
The buy-a-bale movement that is

seeking aid to carry me over this crisis, advertised so extensively, does not reach we
which you will better understand when I ex- colored people at all. We do not and need
plain further on. The situation is this: I not expect any help from that source.

am owner of 110 acres of good farming

sole
Whatever happens, I will be glad to write

land in Cokesburg Township, Greenwood you more in detail if you so desire.

County, this State, .50 acres of which I

bought three years ago. I have made im-
provements on the place to the amount of COLORED MEN AND WOMEN
several hundred dollars, including the drill-
ing of an artisian well, building fences, barn
LYNCHED WITHOUT TRIAL
and dwelling house, besides live stock and 1885 . . . 7S 1900 . 107
farming implements. I have been compeled 1886 .. 71 1901 . 107
to borrow money to do this. And the last 1887 .. 80 1902 . 86
three years have been very unfavorable on 1888 . . 9.5 1903 . 86
account of droughts. Now we can get only 1889 . . 9.5 1904 83
7 cents per pound for cotton, which this 1890 . . 90 1005 61
year cost me 9 cents to make, not counting 1891 121 1906 . 64
my own time. Our notes will be clue soon 1892 .. 155 1907 60
and unless we can get aid from somewhere, 1893 . . 154 1908 . 93
will be compelled to iiive our cotton away 1 S94 .. 134 1909 73
for 7 cents, though it would little more than 1SSI.5 .. 112 1910 65
pay the interest. I want to give some one 1 896 .. 80 1911 . 63
who will give me a chance to pay him, a 1897 .. 122 1912 63
mortgage on all of my belongings for suffi- 1 89S . . 102 1913 , 79
cient money to pay off my indebtedness. 1899 84 1914, 9 months. . 35
Can you point me to such a one? Or, can
you point me to one or many who will buy Total . 2,698
46 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

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 —
THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 47

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48 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

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Mention Trb Crisis
 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 49

To the Masonic Fraternity

The CRISIS has the honor to announce the

publication of the most important book on
Negro Masonry since Upton's epoch-making
work; and the only book written by an au-
thority from our own point of view.

THE AUTHOR
is

George W. Crawford, 32°

A graduate of Tuskegee, Talladega and Yale, formerly
clerk of the Probate Court of New Haven and now a
practicing lawyer there. Mr. Crawford is one of the best
informed masons in the country.

THE BOOK
is

Prince Hall and His Followers

And is argued defense of the legitimacy of
a carefully
Negro Masonry in the United States, with notes and
documents.
READY NOW
Price One Dollar. Postage Extra.

ORDER NOW AGENTS WANTED

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 .

A Selected List of Books

These prices do not include postage. Postage extra.

The Quest of the Silver Fleece. (W. E. B. Du Bois) $1.35

House Behind the Cedars. (Charles W. Chesnutt) 1.50

Hazel. (Mary White Ovington) 1.00

The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. (Anonymous) 1.20

Lyrics of Lowly Life. (Paul Laurence Dunbar) 1.25

The Marrow of Tradition. (Charles W. Chesnutt) 1.50

The Sport of the Gods. (Paul Laurence Dunbar) 1.50

Norris Wright Cuney. (Maud Cuney Hare) 1.50

A Narrative of the Negro. (Leila Amos Pendleton) 1.50

Souls of Black Folk. (W. E. B. Du Bois) 1.25

Race Adjustment. (Kelly Miller) 2.00

History of the Negro. (B. G. Brawley) 1.25

Half a Man. (Mary White Ovington) 1.00

Mind of Primitive Man. (Franz Boas) 1.50

Aftermath of Slavery. (William Sinclair) 1.50

John Brown. (W. E. B. Du Bois) 1.25

Negro in American History. (J. W. Cromwell) 1.25

Prince Hall and His Followers. (George W. Crawford) 1.00
Liberia. (Frederick Starr) 1.00

Facts of Reconstruction. (John R. Lynch) 1.50

Story of the Negro. 2 Volumes. (Booker T. Washington) 3.00

Masterpieces of Negro Eloquence. (Alice Moore Dunbar, Editor) 2.50
Poems of Paul Laurence Dunbar , 2.00

The African Abroad. 2 Volumes. (William H. Ferris) 5.00

Afro-American Folksongs. (H. E. Krehbiel) 2.00

Out of the House of Bondage. (Kelly Miller) 1.50

The Colored Inventor. (Henry E. Baker) 15

A Child's Story of Dunbar. (Julia L. Henderson) 25

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$ mas *
(ERsmronuiNOis
ube Crisis =* 1914
30 H0V1914
"Out of the House of Bondage"
The latest and greatest book from the pen of

PROFESSOR KELLY MILLER

"No man of his race has so sure a power of prunning falacies with passionless
intellectual severity."— Boston Transcript.

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"A philosophic treatise. "—Charlotte, N. C, Observer.

"No student of social conditions of America at the present time will want to fail to see

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242 Pages. Price $1.50.

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HAZEL
The Story of a Little Colored Girl

By MARY WHITE OVINGTON

Author of "Half a Man"

Price $1.00 net. Postage Extra

For sale through our agents and at THE CRISIS

office, as well as at leading book stores.

THE CRISIS, 70 Fifth Ave., New York City

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THE CRISIS
A RECORD OF THE DARKER RACES
PUBLISHED BY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF
COLORED PEOPLE, AT 70 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY
Conducted by
W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS
AUGUSTUS GRANVILLE DILL, Business Manager

Contents Copyrighted, 1914, by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Contents for December, 1914

PICTURES
COVER PICTURE, "ANNUNCIATION." Photograph from life. By C.
M. Battey. Page
COLORED STUDENTS IN "THE TEMPEST" 60
THE PARADOX 68
THE ADORATION OF THE KINGS. After Jan Gossart of Mabuse. . .78-79
(Reproductions for sale.)

ARTICLES
THE CHRISTMAS PRAYERS OF GOD. A Poem 83
CONGRESSMEN AND THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE
ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE 85
THE DEBTOR. A Story. By Maynard Holbrook Jackson 89
SCIENCE AND RACE. By Jacques Loeb 92

DEPARTMENTS
ALONG THE COLOR LINE 59
MEN OF THE MONTH 65
OPINION 69
EDITORIAL 76
NOTES
N. A. A. C. P. 87
THE BURDEN 94

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tion is desired. The date of the expiration of your subscription will be found on the wrapper.

CHANGE OF ADDRESS: The address of a subscriber can be changed as often as desired.

In ordering a change of address, both the old and the new address must be given. Two weeks'
notice is required.

MANUSCRIPTS and drawings relating to colored people are desired. They must be accom-
panied by return postage. If found unavailable they will be returned.

Entered as Second-class Matter in the Post Office at New York, N. Y.

 ;

56 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

Atlanta University MOREHOUSE COLLEGE

(Formerly Atlanta Baptist College)
Is beautifully located in the City of Atlanta,
Ga. The courses of study include High ATLANTA, GA.
School, Normal School and College, with Academy, Divinity School
College,
manual training and domestic science. Among An institution famous within recent years
the teachers are graduates of Yale, Harvard, for its emphasis on all sides of manly develop-
Dartmouth and Wellesley. Forty-five years
of successful work have been completed.
—
ment the only institution in the far South
devoted solely to the education of Negro
Students come from all parts of the South. young men.
Graduates are almost universally successful. Graduates given high ranking by greatest
For further information address northern universities. Debating, Y. M. C. A.,
President EDWARD T. WARE athletics, all live features.

ATLANTA, GA. For information address

JOHN HOPE, President.

Knoxville College ST. MARY'S SCHOOL

Beautiful Situation. Healthful Location. An Episcopal boarding and day school for
The Best Moral and Spiritual Environ- girls, under the direction of the Sisters of St.
ment. A
Splendid Intellectual Atmos- Mary. Address
phere. Noted for Honest and Thorough THE SISTER-IN-CHARGE
Work. 611 N. 43d St. W. Philadelphia, Pa.

Offers full courses in the following departments:

College, Normal, High School, Grammar School and
Industrial.
Good water, steam heat, electric lights, good drain-
AVOID BAD SCHOOLS
Educate your children at home under our expert teachers
age. Expenses very reasonable.
Opportunity for self-help. Courses for Adults
Fall Term Began September, 1914. Pupils received at any time. Write to
For information address
Educational Extension School, Box 3194 Station F, Washington, D. C.
President R. W. McGRANAHAN Highly Endorsed. Financially Responsible.
KNOXVILLE, TENN.

THE GENERAL
HOSPITAL
The Agricultural and SCHOOL FOR
NURSES
Mechanical College Colored Department
Moral atmosphere and home in-
fluences. Thoroughly modern
training. Eight hour duty. Prac-
experience under Profes-
Maintained by the govern- tical
sional guidance. Laboratory,
Surgical, Obstetrical, Medical
ments of North Carolina and and Contagious cases. Scientific
instruction in Dietetics. Special
of the United States. Open private nursing. Graduates eligi-
ble to State Registration and
all the year round. For National Red Cross Nursing
Service. Address,
males only. Fall term be- MISS HARRIET LECK, Principal. KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI.
gan September i, 1914.
Board, lodging and tuition, Enroll now in the
$7 per month. Best oppor- BEREAN MANUAL TRAINING
tunities for Negro youth.
Night
and Industrial School
school for indigent
but ambitious young men. SOUTH COLLEGE AVENUE, Opposite Girard College

For catalog or further infor- PHILADELPHIA, PA.

mation, address
Winter Term opens Monday, January 4th,

PRESIDENT DUDLEY 1915

1st,
;

1915.
Spring Term opens Thursday, April

A. & M. College Greensboro, N. C.

MATTHEW ANDERSON, D. D.,
Principal.

Mention The Crisis

 :

THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 57

The National Religious Training School

"I cordially commend the school's interest and needs to all who believe
in the Negro race and in our obligation to help promote its intellectual, moral
and religious uplift."
—Rev. Dr. Charles H. Parkhurst, New York City.

IT IS MORE THAN A MERE SCHOOL

IT IS A COMMUNITY OF SERVICE AND UPLIFT
Its influence is destined to be felt in all sections of the country in improved
Negro community life wherever our trained workers locate.
Settlement workers, missionaries for home and foreign mission fields, Y. M. C. A.
and Y. W. C. A. secretaries and district nurses receive a comprehensive grasp of their
studies under a Wellesley graduate and experienced co-workers and actual every-day
practice through the school's SOCIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT.
We aim alsoto create a better qualified ministry.
Industrial training, advanced literary branches, business school.
Thirty-two acres ; ten modern buildings ; healthful location.
We can accommodate a few more earnest, ambitious students.
Communities requiring social workers should write us.

For catalog and detailed information address

PRESIDENT JAMES E. SHEPARD
National Religious Training School Durham, N. C.
Theschool has no endowment fund and must raise a yearly maintenance fund
of $15,000 for running expenses. Won't you help us this year?

The Cheyney Training School for Teachers

CHEYNEY, PENNSYLVANIA

Under the management of the Society of Friends. Beautifully located,

healthful, well appointed, and within easy reach of a great variety of educa-
tional institutions, public and private, extending from West Chester to
Philadelphia representing a wide range of educational problems and
;

practice.

This school offers to young colored men and women who have a reasonable
secondary school preparation, and who earnestly desire to become teachers,
carefully graded courses in academic work, domestic science, domestic art,
manual crafts and agriculture. For teachers of experience and intending
teachers it offers also a six weeks' summer-school course during the months
of July and August. Tuition is free. Board, lodging, heat, light and
laundry privileges are offered for nine months for $100. The charge for
the same during the summer-school course is $15. Write for particulars to

LESLIE PINCKNEY HILL, Principal

M «ntion The Crisis

58 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

OF INTEREST TO VOCAL STUDENTS

TONE-PLACING AND
Good Words for
VOICE- DEVELOPMENT
Points explained, viz.: Breath in
THE CRISIS
Singing, Trying the Voice, the The CRISIS is much in demand in both
the Mezzo-Soprano, the
Soprano,
Contralto, Tenor Leggiero or High reading rooms of the University. It grows
Tenor, the Baritone, the Bass,
better each number. I take a number of maga-
Parts of the Vocal Apparatus, the
Mouth, the Tongue, Position when zines, but this is about the only one which I
Practising, Position when Singing,
read completely through.
How to Practice, Good Rules for
Singing. THEODORE B. LATHROP,
Comment from the conductor of the Paulist Chor- Chaplain, Atlanta University, Atlanta, Ga.
isters, the celebrated choral society which received
the first prize awarded at the International Singing
Contest held in Paris on May 25, 1912:
With the renewal of my subscription I take
"Dear Mr. Tinsley: great pleasure in telling you how much I have
"I take great pleasure in commending your very enjoyed reading your splendid magazine dur-
useful and succinctly written book on 'Tone-Placing
and Voice-Development.' Your own appreciation of ing the past year. "Long live the CRISIS."
the psychology of singing and the fundamental prin-
Respectfully,
ciples of the art you have cleverly reduced to a
simple system. Cordially yours, MRS. WM. H. ROWAN,
"Father WILLIAMJ. FINN, C. S. P.,
Director Paulist Choristers of Chicago." Cape Girardeau, Mo.
From "Musical Courier," N. Y.: "A very practical
little book is 'Tone-Placing and Voice-Development,'
Enclosed you will find one dollar for the
by Pedro T. Tinsley. It contains some very excellent renewal of my subscription. Yes, I have in-
material and vocal exercises, and should be in the
hands of all vocal students." terested a number of my acquaintances with
From "Music News," Chicago, 111.: "Accordingly the magazine, and shall continue to do so with
his 'Practical Method of Singing' is a most concise
and practical little manual, containing many valuable the greatest of pleasure. The magazine has
vocal exercises. It cannot fail to be helpful to all
been very satisfactory, interesting as well as
ambitious vocal students."
HELPED HIM GREATLY educational, and I congratulate you on the
"Since I practised your exercises of 'Tone-Placing same. Very truly yours,
and Voice-Development' my voice is more resonant VINCENT BELL,
than it has been for years. It seems to me that I J.
am getting a new voice." Prof. John T. Layton, Atlantic City, N. J.
Director Coleridge-Taylor Musical Society, 1722 10th
St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

Ave., Chicago, 111.;

PRICE $1.00
Address the publisher: Pedro T. Tinsley, 6448 Drexel
Summy, 64 E. Van
or Clayton F.
MILES M.WEBB
Buren St., or Lyon & Healy, Adams and Wabash School of Practical Photography
Ave., Chicago, 111.

Statement of the Ownership, Management, Etc.

of

THE CRISIS
Published monthly at 70 Fifth Avenue, New York,
required by the act of August 24, 1912.
Editor, W. E. Burghardt DuBois, 70 Fifth Avenue,
New York City.
Managing Editor, W. E. Burghardt DuBois, 70
Fifth Avenue, New York City.
Business Manager, Augustus Granville Dill, 70
Fifth Avenue, New York City.
Publisher, The National Association for the Ad-
vancement of Colored People, 70 Fifth Avenue, New
York City.
Owners, The National Association for the Ad-
vancement of Colored People, a corporation with no
stock.
Knownbondholders, mortgagees and other security
holders, holding 1 per cent or more of total amount
of bonds, mortgages or other securities: None. All branches of photography taught.
A. G. DILL, Business Manager.
Terms reasonable. Service efficient.
Sworn to and subscribed before me this thir- Three courses: Amateur, intermediate,
tieth day of September, 1914. professional. Register now.
ROBERT N. WOOD,
Notary Public,
3519 So. State Street Chicago, III.
New York Co. Telephone Douglass 6688
Mention The Crisis
 THE CRISIS
Vol. 9 -No. 2 DECEMBER,
MUSIC AND ART.
li/TR. HARRY T. BURLEIGH, baritone-
-*-"--
composer of New York, has completed
his cycle of "Saracen Songs," published by
Ricordi and Company.
<J Mr. W. J. Henderson, of the Sun, has
written the prefatory note in praise of Mr.
Burleigh's art and the fascination of the
compositions. Concerning the cycle the fol-
lowing note appears in the Boston Sym-
phony program book of October 30th. "This
composer's real value as a musician is now
causing a stir in England, where the stereo-
typed ballad has raged for time almost for-
gotten. The advancement in American mu-
sical compositions as demonstrated by H. T.
Burleigh, over the average form of English
ballad, has brought from the artists of Eu-
rope meritorious approval upon the Amer-
ican composer and his work, by using his
compositions upon all suitable occasions."
<f On the evening of November 1 at Sym-
phony Hall, Boston, Mass., the Municipal
Band of Havana, Cuba, Guillermo M. Thom-
as, director, gave a farewell appearance.
The band was brought to Boston in October,
to fill a month's engagement of daily con-
certs at the Boston Domestic Science and
Pure Food Exposition and has given much
pleasure to the many visitors at the fair. At
least twenty-five of the seventy musicians
are colored. The band is now in New York.
•J Mr. J. Shelton Pollen, pianist of Boston,
Mass., was heard in a diversified program at
a piano recital given at Union Baptist
Church on October 15 at Baltimore, Md.,
for the benefit of the National Association
1914 Whole No. 50
for the Advancement of Colored People. He
was assisted by the best home talent. There
was a large audience. The program in-
cluded "Valse in A-Elat" by Mr. Pollen, whose
serious work in the field of composition as
well as his skill in improvisation familiar
is
to the music public of Boston.
C]J "The Congo and Other Poems" is a re-
cently published volume of poems by Nicho-
las Vachel Lindsay, the Illinois poet, who
wrote the story in the November Crisis. The
book contains an unusual lyrical poem "A —
Study of the Negro Race," which is divided
into three sections.
€| Clarence Cameron White, who is touring
the West, appeared in St. Paul October 21.
This was his fourth appearance in that city.
The concert was a success.
<1 The white women's clubs of Minnesota
rendered a program each day at the recent
state fair. A number of colored women
were invited to take part on the musical
program of one of the afternoons. They
were heartily applauded.
•J The Renaissance Players of Philadelphia
have opened the season with a number of
one-act plays on racial subjects.
f][ Mr. R. N. Dett, director of music at
Hampton Institute, has just given a concert
Hampton gymnasium
in the before an audi-
ence of two thousand people. Mme. Anita
Patti Brown sang and Joseph Douglass
played.
If Lois Depp, of Springfield, Ohio, is a
baritone at the age of seventeen; he has a
range of twenty-six notes and a voice of
great volume. He is a pupil of Bernard
 o
A
o
o
w
vi .
X
H
 ALONG THE COLOR LINE
Landino and has been favorably criticized by
Wilson G. Smith, of Cleveland.
tfl William B. Luekett, a Harrisburg, Pa.,
colored boy. was for several years a boot-
black, but recently entered the Philadelphia
Academy of Fine Art. He had three pieces
hung in theJohn Wanamaker Art Exhibit
for students in November.
CJ The Victor Talking Machine Company
has recently engaged Joseph H. Douglass, the
violinist, to play for its records.
SOCIAL UPLIFT.
'T*HP] cornerstone for the new $100,000
* armory, which the colored Eighth Illi-
nois Regiment will occupy, has been laid.
Gov. Dunne, Congressman Madden, Gen.
Burt and Major John R. Lynch took part in
the ceremony.
If Two American colored men succeeded in
rescuing the celebrated race horse Durbar
II, winner of Derby, from the
this year's
Germans when they invaded France.
first
•J Atlanta University announces the eigh-
teenth of their annual studies -of the Negro
problem. This is entitled "Morals and Man-
ners Among Negro Americans" and is writ-
ten by Dr. W. E. B. DuBois and Augustus
Granville Dill.
CJ The $100,000 colored Y. M. C. A. build-
ing of Kansas City, Mo., was dedicated in
October. It has dormitory accommodations
for one hundred men, a restaurant, gym-
nasium, swimming pool and billiard rooms.
CJ For the first time a few colored nurses
are being employed at the State Hospital,
Ossawatomie, Kan.
CJ In the recent Texas examination for den-
tists 84 white men and four colored men ap-
plied. Fifty of the white and all of the
colored mensecured licenses.
CJ The Cleveland Home for Aged Colored
People reports assets of $11,725 and an in-
come of $2,204 during the year.
CJ At the athletic games held in Englewood,
N. J., recently colored athletes were among
the winners in three events Peter J. Wright
: Attorney George H. Woodson is promoting
won the 100-yard handicap, Thomas I. Har-
ris won the 6-mile road race, and the 1,200-
yard relay handicap was also won by a col-
ored team.
CJ In the recent athletic contest of the pub-
lie schools of Greater New York, Paul R.
Bolin won the first prize in the 90-yard dash,
and Earl Andrews second prize in the relay
race. Both are colored.
61
CJ A
Y. M. C. A. building was recently dedi-
cated at Ramage, W. Va., in the presence of
the governor of the State. Both colored and
white men use the building.
CJ By the sudden lurch of a train Miss Lu-
cilleChampaigne, a white school teacher of
Baton Rouge, was thrown between the
coaches; but for the strength and presence
of mind of George Mack, a Negro porter,
she would have been killed. Mr. Mack was
not lynched.
CJ Mr. Hugh Harper, of Weatherford, Tex.,
is the first coloredman
to be employed in
Portland, Ore., as a clerk in a white shoe
store. The colored people of Portland are
making a point of trading at the store where
Harper is employed.
CJ Mr. William Stanley Braithwaite an-
nounces the second annual issue of his "An-
thology of Magazine Verse." The issue of
last year received much favorable mention.
CJ Mrs. Ella Barksdale Brown, of Jersey
City, has been invited by the Board of Edu-
cation to deliver three lectures in the free
lecture series. She will speak on Negro
Folk-lore and Music, Negro Industry and
Negro Education.
CJ The annual meeting of the American
Missionary Association held at Providence,
R. L, devoted as usual one session to the
Negro. Rev. W. N. DeBerry and Dr. Phillip
H. Moxon spoke.
CJ Mr. James H. Jones, a colored man of
Raleigh, N. C, has presented the North
Carolina Hall of History a walking cane and
other memorials belonging to the late Jeffer-
son Davis.
CJ The Negro Baptist State Association
meeting at Beaumont, Tex., decided to raise
$5,000 for an old folks home and $5,000 for
the Conroe Industrial College.
m
ECONOMICS.
r I ''HE colored people of Des Moines, la.,
-*-
have organized a real estate corporation
to build a business block for colored people.
the movement.
CJ The colored people of Arkansas have se-
cured a franchise from the Pine Bluff City
Council for an electric light plant and ten
miles of trolley road to connect two sub-
urban points.
<J Fifty-seven stockholders have formed the
Farmers' Co-operative Mercantile Company
of Mound Bayou, Miss., the colored town.
62 THE
The first day's sales amounted to $98 and
they have averaged $100 a day ever since,
besides handling several hundred dollars'
worth of cotton drafts. They have paid two
10% dividends and have at present $7,002
in undivided profits.
tf The National Association of Colored
Women reports a membership of 45,000 in
700 clubs distributed through 28 states.
Cfl The National Benefit Association of
Washington, a colored industrial insurance
concern, has erected at Chester, Pa., its third
new office building, worth $6,000.
CflNegro citizens of Columbia, S. C, have
formed the Palmetto Kaolin Company
which developing deposits of commercial
is
clays in lower Richmond County. The com-
pany owns 252 acres of mineral lands.
€J Mrs. C. J. Walker, a business woman of
Indianapolis, Ind., has recently purchased
"Bishop's Court," the beautiful home of the
late Bishop Derrick at Flushing, L. I. She
expects to remodel and beautify the place.
EDUCATION.
NEARLY the whole student body at the
Colored State Normal School, Frank-
fort, Ky., revolted against the president and
appealed to the governor. This is the cul-
mination of a long continued effort to re-
move President Russell. The president is
strongly supported by the governor. A The governor and state treasurer addressed
large number of students have been expelled.
•J The Women's dormitory of Howard Uni-
versity was damaged by fire to the amount
of $5,000.
€J The colored people of Norfolk, Va., are
making a strong effort to get a high school
for their children, which the City Council
has refused.
CJ New buildings have been dedicated at
Roger- Williams University and Walden Uni-
versity, Nashville, Tenn.
CJ The colored people of Louisville, Ky., are
aroused because of the colored children of
school age, 4,000 are enrolled in the schools
and 9,000 are not.
CJ Avery Institute of Charleston, S. C, has
a corps of colored teachers. It has usually
been taught by white northern teachers.
CJ The annual report of Tuskegee shows a
total enrollment of 1,527 students from 32
states and 17 foreign countries. Legacies
amounting to $122,436 were received during
the year. The year's budget calls for some-
thing over a quarter of a million dollars.
CRISIS
The endowment fund amounts to $1,942,112.
Cfl The construction of the new Washington
Colored High School is about to begin. It
will cost $500,000, have a frontage of 450
feet and a depth of 150 feet and will accom-
modate 1,500 persons. It is to be constructed
of brick, with limestone trimmings, 4 stories
high and in the Tudor-Gothic style. It will
contain 48 classrooms, 2 gymnasiums, a drill
hall and a swimming pool.
Cfl The Association of American Agricul-
tural Colleges met in Washington during No-
vember. Seventeen colored schools were
represented and these schools held a special
conference at Howard University. Presi-
dent Byrd Prillerman, of the West Virginia
Colored Institute, presided over the confer-
ence.
Cfl The annual meeting of the Missouri State
Association of Colored Teachers was held at
St. Joseph, Mo., November 12. President
B. F. Allen is president of the Association.
MEETINGS.
r
I "*HE Negro Organization Society of Vir-
met in Norfolk.
ginia Among the
speakers and visitors were ex-President
Taft, Mr. Booker T. Washington, Wallace
Buttrick and Dr. Glenn.
CJ The North Carolina Colored Fair was
held at Raleigh and was very successful.
the people and a "Better Babies' Contest"
was held.
Cfl The Colored State Fair was held at Co-
lumbia, S. C.
CJ Two colored fairs were held in Georgia;
one at Augusta and one at Macon. The
Macon fair was the eighth annual exhibit
and offered a large and interesting premium
list and other attractions.
CJ The Farmers' Improvement Society of
Texas held its nineteenth annual convention
at Waco.
There were 500 delegates repre-
senting 10,000 members, in 849 locals. They
have a bank at Waco, have just launched an
over-all factory and do an industrial insur-
ance business.
CJ President Wilson has promised to speak
at the Negro Historical and Industrial Ex-
position to be held at Fort Lee, near Rich-
mond, next summer.
Cfl The Rhode Island Union of Colored
Women's Clubs representing nineteen bodies
met in Providence.
CJ The old Mennonite Church of German-
 ALONG THE COLOR LINE 63

town, where the first American protest €J Caddo Parish, La., has 22,000 white in-
against slavery was made, held a celebration habitants and 36,000 colored. Only 49 of
of Emancipation recently with prominent the Negroes are registered voters.
colored speakers. t| The Republican National Committee has
CJ The annual meeting of the State Federa- been authorized to cut 89 delegates from the
tion of Colored Women's Clubs took place National Convention. The cut will come al-
at Louisville, Ky., in November.The fed- most entirely from the South.
eration has established a scholarship fund
<| Mr. S. Joe Brown, of Des Moines, la.,
to assist worthy pupils in securing an edu-
published, just before the election, the rec-
cation. The winner of the first scholarship
ords of the legislators of Ohio on the de-
is now in the State University of Louisville
feated intermarriage bill.
pursuing a college course.

PERSONAL.
THE CHURCH.
ATR. W. A. HUNTON, who has been crit-
TT is reported that Dr. R. H. Boyd, secre- •" ically ill since last March, is reported
* tary and manager of the National Pub-
to have good chance for speedy recovery,
lishing Board, has resigned. Dr. Boyd has
(j Mr. George W. Blount has been made
organized the greatest business enterprise
general business manager of the Crown Sav-
among Negroes in the United States, but has
ings Bank, of Newport News, Va.
recently met strong factional opposition in
his church. CJ Dr. John W. S. Beckett, a prominent col-

<| A strong effort is being made to have the
proposed colored Baptist Theological Sem-
inary located in Memphis. Memphis colored
people have already subscribed over $5,000.
<| The new colored chapel of St. Simon the
Cyrenian, costing about $29,000, has been
dedicated in Philadelphia by Bishop Rhine-
lander of the Episcopal Church.
*I A Negro Catholic Church, St. Catherine
of Sienna, costing $50,000, has been dedi-
cated in the same city.
q The Allen A. M. E. Church of Indian-
apolis, Ind., has started a mutual aid fund
for the sick and an employment bureau.
<J Andrew Carnegie has given a pipe organ
to a colored baptist church in Braddock, Pa.
•J An unknown philanthropist has given
from time to time $10,000 for Lutheran mis-
sions among Negroes of Missouri.
f| The Baptist Sunday School Congress will
meet in Birmingham, Ala., next June. The
last meeting brought 2,500 delegates from 28
states.
The Boston Guardian has succeeded in
<I
driving from his pulpit the Rev. Charles H.
Johnson, a disreputable minister who was
for some time pastor of St. Paul's Church.
POLITICAL.
"PDWARD A. SAVOY, a colored mes-
*-' senger of several secretaries of state,
has been promoted to a clerkship. Richard
Green, a colored messenger in the treasury
department, has also been made a clerk.
ored physician of Pittsburgh, died recently.
t| Dr. Gilbert H. Jones, a graduate of Wil-
berforce, Dickinson and Jena, has been made
Dean of the College Department of Wilber-
force University and teacher of English and
Philosophy.
Cfl Attorney William Harrison, of Oklahoma,
who recently presented the case against the
"Jim-Crow" car law before the Supreme
Court of Washington, is said to have made
a good appearance.
<J Judge R. H. Terrell, of
the District of
Columbia, has been lecturing in the South
and West.
Cfl The Rev. Father Dorsey, colored Catholic
priest, has been lecturing in Virginia.
FOREIGN.
MAJOR CHARLES YOUNG, United
States Army, has been conducting a
military school in Liberia. Recently six of
the students graduated and have been com-
missioned third lieutenants. Two of them
plan to enter the military department of
Wilberforce Universtiy. Among the Amer-
ican officers Capt. Newton died last July.
Lieut. W. H. York has been made a captain
and probably G. F. David will become a
lieutenant.
Cfl The Hon. H. A. L. Simpson, a colored
member of the legislative council of Jamaica,
has for the third time been elected Mayor
of Kingston, Jamaica.
 :

64 THE CRISIS

GHETTO. place of public accommodation, and that

A SPLENDID fight being made in
is
there must be no discrimination. This de-
**- North Carolina by the Colored Teach- cision was the result of a case brought against

ers' Association for better railway accommo-

Elsinger, a white saloonkeeper, by A. C.

dation. They have sent out over 3,000 pam- Babb, who was charged 50 cents for a drink
phlets and recently had a hearing before the because he was colored. The municipal
corporation commission. court gave him a verdict of $100, and the case
was appealed, upon the contention that the
•J Separate colored schools are appearing
saloon was not a place of public accommoda-
here and there in the North in response to
tion, with the above result.
demands by colored people. A
new one has
recently been started in Cincinnati and also
one in Ypsilanti, Mich. In the latter place
a colored principal with white teachers has CRIME.
been appointed.
rT"*HE following nine lynchings have taken
«J The "Full Crew Bill" has just been de- * place since our last record
feated in Missouri by popular vote. It was
an attempt of the white railway unions who ^ At Percy, 111., an Italian because he
will not admit colored members, to do away asked for a cigarette.
with colored porters on railway trains. Sim- ^ At Hernando, Miss., Tom Burns, colored,
ilar laws have been successfully passed in for attacking a white merchant.
Ohio, New York and other states. •J At Lake City, Pla., Tom Junior, colored,

•J The Louisville and Nashville Railroad is for an alleged assault on a white woman.
trying to better its service for colored peo- ^ At Aberdeen, Miss., Maysho Miller, an
ple by giving them two toilets and a smok- 18-year-old colored boy, for an alleged as-
ing room and arranging for meals. It sault on a white woman.
promises to be careful with regard to section Ij At Newport, Ark., Howard Davis, a col-
hands but has been unable to settle the ques- ored man, for killing a marshall after the
tion of sleeping cars. marshall had shot him in attempting to ar-
<I White cap raids on Negro cotton pickers
rest him.
have been made in northern Texas. IJ At York, Ala., an unknown Negro porter,
charged with pushing white women off the
sidewalk.
THE COURTS. At Osceola, Ark., two Negroes have been
<J
'T^HE Supreme Court at Pretoria, South killed in the chase after a third one who had
* Africa, has delivered a decision adverse killeda plantation manager. The third Ne-
to the attempt of municipalities to run sep- gro has not been caught.
arate street cars for Europeans alone.
•J At Angelton, Tex., Joe Durfee, a Negro,
•I The Superior Court of Pulton County, convicted of murdering a white woman, was
Ga., has sustained the right of colored respited by the governor for thirty days. A
Shriners to use the titles, emblems and rit- mob took him from the jail and lynched him.
uals of the order.
<I Ayoung white woman, in order to shield
If In the celebrated John Clement case in her Indian lover by whom she had been bad-
Richmond, Va., where a colored man was ar- ly beaten, claimed to have been assaulted by
rested for an attack on a white woman, the a porter in the St. Regis Hotel,
colored
white jury has finally acquitted the man. As Tulsa, Okla. The colored man was arrested
the Richmond Planet says: but the landlady, who knew all the facts in
"When a Henrico county jury acquits a the case, went to the police station and told
colored man of a charge of criminal assault the true story.
upon a white woman, he is not only inno- C| When William Dwyer, a colored man of
cent, but there is not even the grounds for Philadelphia, insisted that he had a perfect
a suspicion of guilt." right to unfurl a flag on Memorial Day, he
<I The New York Supreme Court recently was severely beaten by two white men,
upheld the municipal court of the city of David Keith and Frank McShane, who were
New York in the ruling that a saloon is a disputing his right to do so.
 MEN OF THE MONTH
AN ESSAYIST.
T SAAC FISHER, editor of the Negro Far-
" mer, which is published at Tuskegee In-
stitute,has a remarkable gift of expression
which has resulted in his winning about
$1,500 in prizes during the last four years.
Mr. Fisher was born in East Carroll Parish,
La., in 1877, and was the sixteenth child of
former slaves. He started his career in
Vieksburg, Miss., and as an orphan at nine-
teen blacked boots, sold papers, and ran er-
rands. He was a close student of the He-
brew scriptures, and in this way gained a
remarkable command of English.
He heard of Tuskegee Institute in 1893
and immediately went there to work his way
through, raising his railroad fare by a lec-
ture. Graduating from Tuskegee he has
^»
MR. ISAAC FISHER
taught in South Carolina and in Alabama,
and was for nine years president of the
Branch Normal College of Pine Bluff, Ark.
He has a wife and a daughter of twelve
years.
His larger prizes are as follows $100
:
from the St. Louis Post-Despatch on "The
Ten Best Reasons Why People Should Come
to Missouri;" $400 on "German-American
Methods of Regulating Trusts," given by
Hart, Schaffner and Marx, and judged by
leading economists of the United States in-
cluding Laughlin, Clark, Gay and Horace
White; $100 for "A Plan to Give the South
a System of Highways," given by the Man-
ufacturers' Eecord of Baltimore; $500 given
by Everybody's Magazine for an essay on
"What We Have Learned About Rum."
THE LATE MAJOR C. A. FLEETWOOD
66 THE CRISIS

warrant in law for granting a commission

to a colored man. He was afterward con-
nected with the militia of the District of
Columbia and his system for rapid assembly
was adopted by the National Guard.
Major Fleetwood was a great lover of
music and often helped in the promotion of
concerts. In the social life of colored Wash-
ington he will be greatly missed.

TWO CLUB WOMEN.

*
A/fRS.
the
EVELYN D. SHAW, president
Woman's Improvement Club
of
of Al-
toona, Pa., has been entertaining the State
Federation of Colored Women's Clubs of
Pennsylvania.
Mrs. Shaw was born in Philadelphia and
is the grand-daughter of the Rev. Jeremiah
Durham. She has had a long career in so-
cial service.

The president of the Pennsylvania State

Federation is Mrs. Rebecca Aldridge. Mrs.
Aldridge has held this position for eleven
years and was organizer of the first colored
MRS. REBECCA ALDRIDGE women's clubs in the state in 1895. She
was born in Harrisburg and has been active
Beside these Mr. Fisher has won a dozen in work for social uplift.
smaller prizes. He is undoubtedly a man
of peculiar gifts.

A VETERAN.
MAJOR Christian A. Fleetwood died
September 28th in Washington, D. C,
at the age of more than seventy years.

Major Fleetwood was born in Baltimore

and spent a part of his early life in Liberia
and was once editor of a weekly paper. He
became a clerk in the Freedmen's bank and
later in the war department where he worked
until his death. He is well known as a vet-
eran of the Civil War. For distinguished
conduct he received a medal of honor from
Congress. The records say "Seized the
:

colors after two color-bearers had been shot

down and bore them nobly through the
fight." He was in the battles at Bermuda
Hundreds, Spring Hill, Baylor's Field, Pe-
tersburg Mine Explosion, Fort Harrison,
Chapin's Farm, Dutch Gap and sieges of
Petersburg and Richmond. He also served
in North Carolina and in Washington, D. C.
He was strongly recommended for a com-
mission but Secretary Stanton could find no MRS. E. D. SHAW
 MEN OF THE MONTH 67

know what she meant to the boy who has

made his mysterious
since sense of color and
form speak to the civilized world.

AN ARMY CHAPLAIN.
/CHAPLAIN Oscar J. W. Scott of the
^^ 25th Infantry has been raised from the
grade of First Lieutenant to that of Cap-
tain. Chaplain Scott was born in Galipolis,
Ohio, July 31, 1867. He was educated in the
public schools, at Ohio Wesleyan University,
and Drew Theological Seminary. He was
formerly a minister in the African M. E.
Church and just before his appointment to
the army was pastor of the well-known Met-
ropolitan Church of Washington, D. C. He
was appointed Chaplain by President Roose-
velt and confirmed April 17, 1907. He has
served with his regiment in Texas, in the
Philippines, in the State of Washington, and

THE LATE MRS. S. E. TANNER is now in Hawaii. He has been a successful

preacher and has worked hard to improve
A BISHOP'S WIFE. the social and physical condition of his sol-
diers.
MRS. SARAH ELIZABETH TANNER, It is a matter of deep congratulation to
wife of Bishop B. T. Tanner of the the Negro race in America that their army
African M. E. Church, died August 2, after chaplains have almost without exception had
a long illness. She will perhaps be best so good a record for manliness and morality.
recognized by the public as the mother of
Henry 0. Tanner, the artist, who has won
world-wide fame. Of her other children the
Rev. C. M. Tanner is a pastor in Atlanta,
Ga., and three daughters are married.
Mrs. Tanner was born May 18, 1840, at
Winchester, Va. She was educated in the
public schools of Pennsylvania and at Avery
College. In 1861 she was married to Ben-
jamin Tucker Tanner, then a barber. He
soon after entered the ministry, became edi-
tor of the Christian Recorder and afterward
of the A. M. E. Church Review, and finally
bishop of his church.
Mrs. Tanner was little seen in public, be-
ing primarily a mother and home-maker.
For a number of years she was president of
the Women's Mite Society of her church.
In all those years she collected pennies and
dimes from thousands and turned the little
sums with scrupulous care over to the treas-
ury of the church.
But after all Mrs. Tanner will be remem-
—
bered for one thing her great son, the
artist. Many have seen his loving portrait
of her, done in the style of Whistler's fa-
mous canvas. They will remember the golden
glow of her dark face in the firelight, and CHAPLAIN O. J. W. SCOTT
Courtesy of the New York Times
THE PARADOX
ABlack "Heathen" of the Congo, fighting to protect the wives and daughters of the white Belgians,
who have murdered and robbed his people, against "Christian" Culture represented by the German trophy
in his hand I

THE WORLD WAR.
Dr. Jacques Loeb in the New
CAUSES AND
Review analyses with deep in-
EFFECTS.
sight the "racial" problem un-
derneath the present war.
"The present generation of Germans has
been raised in the creed of the superior char-
acter of their 'race' and civilization and it
is a fact that even the most enlightened Ger-
mans are not free from such ideas. Is it a
wonder that when the government made it
plausible to them that this superior race,
this superior civilization, nay their homes,
were threatened by the barbarian Russian
hordes, all degrees of freedom of will were
wiped out in the inhabitants of Germany ex-
cept the one, namely, to blindly obey the
command of the military leaders who were to
save the threatened civilization and homes'?
"The danger lying in the fetish of racial
antipathy and racial superiority is assuming
threatening dimensions in this country. It
is a matter of no small concern that the labor
unions refuse to work side by side with
'Asiatics' or Negroes, giving as an excuse
racial antipathy; whereas the principle of
brotherhood would demand that they should
work with them, influence them, educate
them if necessary and in this process learn
to appreciate and respect them. Racial an-
tipathy only thrives on aloofness and non-
acquaintance. The Southerner, who knows
the Negro, has, in the writer's opinion, no
racial antipathy, but only social supercilious-
ness towards the Negro, though this super-
ciliousness is probably based on the claim of
'racial superiority' of the whites. The mis-
chief lies in the fact that the inhabitants of
each country now seem to be convinced of
their 'racial superiority' over the inhabitants
of all other countries. It is hardly necessary
to state that by fostering or even tolerating
this fetish of racial antipathy we are making
:
it easy for a future militaristic government
to induce Americans to go to the front to
fight the Japanese."
The New Bedford Standard notes the ef-
fect of the war on Negro education
"One phase of the present southern edu-
cation situation has its centre of misfortune
in the war's effect upon the cotton market
and the consequent elimination of a consid-
erable amount' of labor from the southern
cotton fields. . . .
"One northern organization maintaining
Negro schools in the South calculates that a
considerable part of the pupils who have
paid into its treasury more than one hundred
and fifty thousand dollars in board money in
the course of a year, in eight to twelve dol-
lar monthly rates, will this season need as-
sistance toward their living if they are to
continue in school. Baptist, Congregational,
Episcopal, Methodist, and Presbyterian
church organizations all recognize that the
Negro students will stand to an unusual de-
gree in need of assistance this year or that —
the schools back of them, which amounts to
the same thing, will require greater funds
than usual if they are to continue effective
work."
The Christian Express of Lovedale, South
Africa, says:
"Loyal demonstrations attended with much
enthusiasm have taken place all over the
country and generous donations have been
made to relieve distress. It seems unfortu-
nate that wealthy corporations like the De
Beers and Premier Diamond mines, compan-
ies which have won for their shareholders
many millions of South Africa's natural
wealth, should have closed down with such
scant consideration for their Native workers.
It is not yet clear what the reconsideration
of their action will amount to."
The London Evening Standard says that:
"For some years now it has been quite
clear to colonial observers that in the event

70
of a European struggle there was every
probability that the French armies in Africa
would be dragged into the
As a result of this need of Negro co-oper-
ation :
" 'A full-blooded Jollof of Senegambia has
just been elected as a French Senator,' is the
message which reaches me from West Africa
this week, and this fact is declared to be one
of the most momentous in African history.
It is, beyond question, the biggest native
landmark in the evolution of Africa since
the Basuto King, Moshesh, hurled back the
republican armies of South Africa."
W. Steward, in the Philadelphia Evening
Telegraph voices the colored Americans quiet
chuckle over the incident of the Turkish am-
bassador :
Ah, Rustem Bey
! Ah, Rustem Bey
You touched our cancer spot, they say;
And shamed us till we could not pray,
Rustem Bey! Rustem Bey!
Go, Rustem Bey! Go, Rustem Bey!
May peace attend you on your way,
We trust you may return some day,
A. Rustem Bey! A. Rustem Bey!
SEGREGATION.
The Nation comments on the
LAW-SUITS
most recent Richmond (Va.)
AND
case:
DISCUSSION
"That race prejudice should
go so far as to prevent the sale of a white
church to colored people because it is in 'too
good a district' seems almost incredible; yet
it has actually done so in Richmond. The
Immanuel Baptist Church had sold its prop-
erty to colored people, apparently in the
belief that no place was too good to worship
in. But the Common Council knew
and promptly passed a special ordinance
which, if upheld by the courts, will prevent
the colored people from carrying on religi-
ous observances within the sacred precincts
at Fifth and Leigh Streets. Thus we have
another deliberate interference with personal
liberty of both whites and colored people
through special legislation of the most ob-
noxious kind. . . .
"We do not know if the
tion Legislatures, to whom
the South owes
its public-school system, ever did anything
like this, but it is easy to imagine how they
were portrayed as shamelessly abusing power
! :
THE CRISIS
and authority if they did. What an outcry
would rise to high Heaven were colored peo-
conflict." ple to interfere in the slightest degree with
the desires of whites ! This reaction in Rich-
mond, when it desires to be known as a pro-
gressive, up-to-date city, recalls the fact that
just now they are quoting in India these
words of a distinguished native as a reason
for the marked loyalty to Great Britain in
its present distress: 'When I think of the
large Negro populations in the United
States, as the republican Americans treat
and govern them, I thank God that I am a
"
British subject.'
The Richmond Planet, a colored paper,
says
" 'Chickens will come home to roost,' is an
old adage and it is proving true in this case.
White people will fight, for they know how
to do so. They will not 'lay down,' like most
of the colored folks are disposed to do. The
congregation of the Immanuel Baptist
Church will not permit themselves to be
bankrupted and this statement is made upon
the authority of this influential Richmond
newspaper. The fight now is white folks
against white folks, with the colored congre-
gation as interested spectators. . . .
"What is the indirect cause of all of this?
Every representative in the City Council
was elected to that position by white men's
votes instead of by colored men's suffrage.
Allegiance is given to those people, who
have votes that can be made effective. The
colored man being virtually voteless becomes
like a Chinaman, who is booted from one end
of this Continent to another by any one who
feels disposed so to do. When colored men
wake up, organize and systematically pro-
test then some of these conditions will be
remedied."
better, The Atlanta Independent (colored) pre-
sents another ease:
"In Proctor Park, a sub-division set apart
by an enterprising and energetic real estate
agency for the building of modern and up-
to-date colored homes. The white folks in
the settlement took a notion that the sub-
division was too good for Negroes, therefore,
they went into court and enjoined the sale,
not that the enjoiners could buy the prop-
black reconstruc- erty themselves, not that they needed it, not
that they thought the Negro houses would
not compare favorably with theirs in im-
provements and facilities; but deep seated
and
in their soul in their bones was that race
 OPINION
prejudice. We are not able to have it our-
selves, but we are opposed to Negroes suc-
ceeding, we are opposed to their progress,
we are opposed to their uplift, we are op-
posed to them having decent homes, we are
opposed to their children having an educa-
tion, we are opposed to them having modern
facilities; we would rather reduce them to
serfs than to see them useful citizens, is the
verdict of a white man's prejudice."
Such daily occurrences have made the col-
ored press so bitter at Mr. B. T. Washing-
ton's doctrine of submission that Mr. Wash-
ington has been compelled to make several
explanations; but the Louisville News (col-
ored) is not appeased:
"The journalistic supporters of Dr. Wash-
ington have rushed forward with an expla-
nation of what he 'did' say. And this is
what they are saying: Dr. Washington was
misquoted by the Associated Press when it
reported him to have said: 'The Negro
should stop fighting segregation and lend his
forces toward beautifying that part of the
city inwhich he can live.' According to them
what he 'did' say was this: 'Let us, in the
future, spend less time in talking about the
part of the city that we cannot live in, and
more time in making the part of the city
that we can live in beautiful and attractive.'
Where is the material difference in the two
expressions? Each carries the idea of sur-
render, each suggests that colored people
ought to be glad to stay on the earth at all,
neither recognizes the principles of freedom,
justice nor equality before the law. And yet
we are told to accept the author of these
words as our leader and, with some, to cri-
ticize him is lese majeste.
"When the committee of fifty colored men
appeared before the City Council to protest
against the segregation measure, how it
would have delighted that narrow-souled
body had one of our spokesmen come for-
ward with such a speech. How glad the City
Attorney would be to incorporate those
words in his brief in favor of the measure.
"Dr. Washington, time and again, has
said things that have irritated that portion
of the race which in spite of all handicaps
cannot but believe itself the equal of any
other part of the Nation's citizens, but it is
doubtful he has ever said anything that
if
will so lower him in the respect and estima-
tion of the whole race as this advice on seg-
regation. As for the explanation it does —
71
not explain and the 'corrected' version is
more offensive than the misquotation."
"Mr. Washington always refers sarcastic-
ally to the policy of protest followed by
various organizations and 'hits' the thought-
less by talking about 'constructive work.'
"Which is doing more 'constructive work,'
organizations like the N. A. A. C. P. and
the National Independent Equal Rights
League, or the National Negro Business
Men's League? If the Equal Rights League
does naught but protest and resolute as
charged by some of Dr. Washington's press
agents, what does the Business League do
but exaggerate and pretend? The tales of
hardships overcome and wealth made 'in the
sweat of their brows,' as told by some mem-
bers of the Business League, would make
Ananias blush for shame. . . .
"We do not merely express our private
opinion when we say that the younger men
and women, on whom the mantle of affairs
must soon fall, speak of Dr. Washington's
leadership with contempt. Young men and
women from Tuskegee, while praising Dr.
Washington as an educator, as an executive
and as a money-getter, express themselves
strongly opposed to the pusillanimous advice
he doles out to the race. At a moving pic-
ture show the other night pictures of promi-
nent Afro-Americans were run off and,
would the Bee believe it, Dr. Washington
was hissed!
"These are bad signs and, even though
Andrew Carnegie says Dr. Washington is a
'Moses and Joshua combined,' we are afraid
generations to come, when weighing the
value of Tuskegee to the race at large and
comparing that with the weight of the harm
done by the speeches of our White-Man-
Made Leader, will class him, if not with the
man who sold his Lord, at least with him
who sold his birthright for a mess of pot-
tage."
THE CHURCH.
The extraordinary heathen-
CHRISTIANITY
and race.
igm q£ the wfaite ^^ ^
itg re i at i on to Negroes
is re-
vealed by two recent pleas. A council of
200 colored ministers and laymen of the
Methodist Episcopal Church held recently in
Nashville, Tenn., declared unanimously:
"We are neither unmindful nor unappre-
ciative of the great services and personal
 : :
72
sacrifices of our General Superintendents in
the interest of our work, and more especially
of those whose episcopal residences are in
the Southland; nevertheless it is our sincere
and earnest conviction that indigenous and
racial episcopal supervision is absolutely es-
sential for the fullest development of the
work of our field, and we therefore approve
of the proposed amendments for Bishops for
races and languages, and request our Board
of Bishops to submit the same to the annual
conferences of the Church during the fall of
1915 and the spring of 1916, and earnestly
pray their adoption."
The same plea comes from colored Epis-
copalians. The Venerable Archdeacon,
Henry L. Phillips, of Pennsylvania, a col-
ored man, says
"My reason for asking for racial bishops
in the Southern States, is that it has been
found impossible for the white and the col-
ored people to worship in the same church.
The result is that the church in the South
among colored people is not going. The av-
erage self-respecting colored man will not
go into the Episcopal church because he
knows he is not wanted."
The Baltimore white Ministerial Alliance
invited the co-operation of the colored Min-
isterial Alliance for moral uplift. The lat-
ter, while sympathetic, replied that they re-
garded the "white pulpit" as the "enemy of
the Negro race!"
The words of Dr. Vernon's war sermon at
Brookline, Mass., seemed greatly needed
"Our duty at such an exposition of the
inner meaning and logical outcome of the
Spirit of Distrust is not merely to sit primly
by and pray that its extreme horrors be
checked by God's mercy, it is to root out
whatever of it we can detect in our hearts
for the Negro and Mexican, for the Jew and
Italian and Slav, for the employees in our
factories and for the vulgar women who do
not move in our set. It is only those who
believe in the Brotherhood of Man and who
have actually placed themselves humbly and
reverently within it, that are the peacemak-
ers and the peace maintainers of whom the
world stands in need to-day."
The Hon. Archibald A. Grimke said re-
cently in Boston
"We are called a Christian democracy.
Make us a Christian democracy by treating
'the least of these' as political equals.
forbid that in some day of trial for this
country it should be said, Depart from me, lanta Constitution, agrees with a correspon-
ye, accursed." dent that most Negro children must be train-
:
THE CRISIS
THE EMERGING SOUTH.
One of the encouraging aspects
A NEW
of the South is the increasing
KNOWLEDGE
number of white people who
OF FACTS.
know something about the
present-day Negro and his problems. In-
stead of strutting about and assuming omni-
scence like most of their fellows, a few white
southerners are learning. One writes to the
New York Globe and confesses:
"I am a southerner by birth, but honesty
compels me to express a change of convic-
tion on a subject which has often cropped
—
up in the columns of the Globe the subject
of the Negro in America, and especially in
New York. In our country we so often re-
gard the whole race as inferior to ourselves
that it comes to us as something of a shock
to see any one of them on a plane of intel-
lectual parity with us. Such a shock it has
been my fortune to experience.
"A month ago a friend who knew my pro-
nounced views on the subject lured me into
a Harlem lecture room to hear a lecture on
'Modern Materialism.' What was my sur-
prise to find a large and respectable looking
white audience listening to a Negro.
"I was angry at first, but I made up my
mind to see it through. At the end of the
lecture I discovered with amazement that I
had been interested, charmed, and instructed.
I have heard the same lecturer three times
since— on anthropology, economics, and reli-
—
gion and I have felt thankful to New York
for widening my mental horizon. Think of
it! An audience (or congregation if you
—
choose) of white people men and women —
which turns out every Sunday afternoon to
listen to a man who is not merely colored
but black. And they seem to glory in it, as
I have almost come to do myself."
In Augusta, Ga., an Equal Suffrage
League of white women has been organized.
Mrs. J. D. Hammond addressed them and
said that white southern women should de-
mand an adequate educational test for all
women voters; and a law, as in Idaho, dis-
franchising all women of known immoral
life. And having set this standard they
should see to it that every woman who comes
up to it, whatever her race may be, shall be
allowed to cast her ballot for the welfare of
her people's homes.
God
Isma Dooley, a staff writer for the At-

OPINION
ed as servants but knows enough facts to add
that all cannot be:
"The viewpoint is logical if the Negro
himself were not a taxpayer, and if there
were not a constantly growing element of
the race who are not equipping themselves
for domestic service because they are not
obliged to do so. In discussing any phase
of the Negro problem to-day it must be re-
membered they have been out of slavery in
the South fifty years; that, although many
of them have made little strides in racial de-
velopment, according to the ideal of the
white men, there are some of them who are
self-supporting through farming, through
the trades, through business and through
professions. Therefore the problem of the
Negro can no longer be reckoned with on the
idea that all Negroes expect to be domestic
servants. There are those who, because of
their advancement along other lines, are di-
vided into classes and degrees."
Cally Ryland says in the Richmond News
Leader : schools "That
"Several years ago a Better Housing As-
sociationwas formed here for the sole pur-
pose of relieving these conditions. An ex-
pert agent was employed at great expense
by the association to investigate matters, and
his report, which covered every phase of our
housing conditions, was a shock even to those
who were most conversant with Richmond's
most unhealthy locality.
"At every step the efforts of this agent
were combated by the very authorities which
should gladly have co-operated with him. In-
deed, so discouraging were the obstacles con-
stantly thrown in the way, that the Better
Housing Association lost heart, allowed its
agent to accept a government position in
Washington, and discontinued its meetings.
"Our work for the Red Cross and Belgian
sufferers is beautiful. So is our work for
our various small local charities, and we are
allowed to pursue it unhindered, and even,
in some cases, aided by the authorities.
"But such work for the physical well be-
ing of the whole city as the stamping out of
tuberculosis among the Negroes, and the
movement to furnish them with more sani-
tary dwellings is, for some unaccountable
reason, discouraged at every turn by the city
government.
"Not until we give the colored population
of our city room
to live decently and health-
ily can we feel that we are doing our duty
towards them and to ourselves."
:
73
Even southern business men are rubbing
their eyes and realizing that the Negro
spends money and spends it often intelli-
gently. John D. Simmons, writing on news-
paper circulationin the Fourth Estate, says
"We southern circulation managers realize
this already in the increasing number of
Negroes who read newspapers.
". . . With the right boy
to look after the
business, the Negro
a good subscriber.
is
With the right carrier on the route, the per-
centage of collections will be just as good
on a Negro route as on any other in our
city delivery."
Even The Crisis comes in for a bit of
honor when the Tampa (Fla.) Daily Times
allows a colored poet to apostrophize us in
twenty-four lines of poetry as a "mighty
champion of a race" who cannot "for one
moment cringe or condone!"
Of course, the old South is still alive and
still dominant. In Atlanta, a member of
the Board of Education recently said of the
many
of the parents of white
children are indignant because their little
ones are subjected to conditions which very
nearly approach conditions in the Negro
schools."
What these conditions are are revealed in
part by a letter by one of the colored women
principals in the Atlanta Constitution:
"For fourteen years or more the colored
schools have been doubled in grades below
the fifth, and then came doubling of the
sixth," i. e., the children get but one-half a
day's schooling; one set comes in the morn-
ing and another set in the afternoon and the
same teachers teach both.
"This is a condition that is very danger-
ous, both to the pupil and teacher. The
teacher has to report in her door at quarter
to 8 o'clock to watch the children coming in,
etc.; and from 8 until 12 o'clock she is on a
constant rush to get the various subjects
treated before 12, when she dismisses; and
has from 12 until 12:30 to eat her lunch.
At 12 :15 she is in her door to look after the
afternoon class coming in. . . .
"It absolutely absurd to undertake to
is
teach fifty or sixty children in so short a
time, for you can't do the individuals justice.
"The situation is certainly alarming, and
something ought to be done to relieve it and
give to the colored child an opportunity to
get full benefit of days spent in school, and
also of health and strength so he can be a

74 THE
good citizen. I earnestly beg the city coun-
cil and mayor for an appropriation to build
more schoolhouses or rent such adequate
quarters as is necessary to accommodate the
children, and also for the restoration of the
eighth grade in colored schools."
POLITICS.
The South is gleeful over the
REPUBLICANS
disfranchisement of Negroes
AND
in the Republican party. The
DEMOCRATS.
Augusta Chronicle says:
"It is not necessary to point out that re-
duction of southern representation in a Re-
publican nominating convention means re-
duction of the Negro representation. What-
ever the Republican party officials may say,
this representation reduction, at this time,
willappear as a sop to the Roosevelt Repub-
licans. Roosevelt Republicans coddle the
Negro in the North and slap him in the face
in the South.
"To deliver this sop, the Republican party
is punishing the southern Negro in a way
the southern Negro will feel his punishment
— punishing him for his steadfastness. For,
say what you will of the southern Negro
delegate to the average Republican conven-
tion, but for the allegiance of the southern
Negro to home instructions at Chicago in
—
1912 at a time when money by the thou-
sands was flaunted in his face by Roosevelt
—
advocates- there would be precious little
Republican party to-day."
Many persons, colored and white, have
wondered what Bishop Alexander Walters
thought of President Wilson, whom he, as
one of the leaders of the colored Democrats
helped to elect. In the recent letter to the
New York World the Bishop says:
"More than a half-million Negroes are vot-
ing to-day, and they too must certainly be a
factor in the defeat of the Democratic party
this year, for nearly all of them voted the
Republican ticket.
"In the election of 1912 the Negroes gave
the largest vote ever given by them to the
Democratic party and helped to elect the
national ticket. They were assured by Mr.
Wilson before election that in the event of
his election he would give to the black man
not 'meagre but absolute justice.' The Negro
took him at his word, rejoicing that it was
the first time since emancipation that a Dem-
ocratic nominee had made so fair a promise."
:
CRISIS
After showing President Wilson's failure
to keep his word, Bishop Walters adds:
"Is it not time that our Democratic friends
be awakened to the fact that the black man
is a factor in American politics?
"There are ten or twelve millions of col-
ored people in this country, and not once in
two years has the President of this great Re-
public called in a committee of this vast host
without representation in Congress to con-
sult with them concerning their welfare.
"Another thing which has caused us to be
discredited in the eyes of the world is that
out of this ten million colored citizens not
one is invited to a social function at the
White House, and in this said to be greatest
democracy in the world No wonder that
!
America throughout the world is branded as
a nation of hypocrites."
LAW AND LAWYERS.
THE SUPREME COURT The Nation says on
one of the questions
AND THE
before the Supreme
BAR ASSOCIATION
Court
"Such laws as the Oklahoma 'grandfather-
clause' law are not numerous, having existed
only in North Carolina, Louisiana, Georgia,
and Oklahoma; while that in Louisiana ex-
pired by self-limitation in 1899, and that in
North Carolina in 1908. The clause in the
State of Georgia will similarly expire on the
first of January, 1915, and in Oklahoma
alone has it been made permanent. There
is therefore special reason, in spite of the
small Negro population, for contesting the
indefensible distinction it makes. Like the
would permit literate and property-
others, it
holding Negroes and whites to vote alike,
but while excluded illiterate or property-
it
less Negroes —and
only the justice of elec-
tion officers would prevent the classification
of almost all colored applicants under these
—
heads it would permit the registration of
any illiterate or propertyless white whose
father or grandfather had been a voter in
1866. Such laws are deeply objectionable
, in themselves, and in the lesson they give the
population in racial discrimination in other
matters; while they add new difficulties to
the whole task of giving the Negro an ade-
quate civic education."
There is evidence, however, that the Su-
preme. Court will continue to dodge the Ne-
gro, problem. In July, 1913, a Negro, Carl
 ! :
Oliver, of Galveston, Texas, found a white
man in his home. He killed his wifeand
the white Texas justice acquitted him
man.
in the case of his wife and convicted him for
killing the man! The case came to the Su-
preme Court and was dismissed because
Oliver's attorneys failed —
to have the record
printed
The decision of the Bar Association on
"Negroes and Woman" does not satisfy pa-
pers like the New York
Tribune.
"While it has receded somewhat from its
previous stand barring Negroes from mem-
bership, the American Bar Association has
not removed that issue by shifting responsi-
bility for their admission or exclusion to its
executive committee. Neither has it taken a
—
square stand or a sensible one in placing — come once in a century to strengthen our
women lawyers who seek membership in the
same category of undesirables. Negroes,
without regard to their sex may and do be-
come useful and respected members of the
bar under State laws. They have every right
to aspire to membership in what purports
to be the leading and representative lawyers'
association of the country. For them to be
held off in this fashion in this day of prog-
ress inevitably raises the query whether there
is something in the theory and practice of
the law which causes a lawyer to be some-
thing less than a reasoning human being."
The American Bar Association has long
been a social club of southern whites and is
not taken very seriously by lawyers of high
standing.
THE COLORED PRESS.
The Crisis raises its hat
COMMENT AND to the fascinating St.
DISCUSSION
Luke's Herald after read-
ing its frank retraction of a statement about
Howard University
"Wehave sinned, and in sackcloth and
ashes we bow our head. We are guilty of a
'curious error,' and we start off
apologizing to Howard University for saying
'the wallsbear not one Negro face.' In say-
ing this, we did not say exactly what we
meant, hence we committed a 'curious error.'
Next, we go down before Dr. DuBois in sor-
row and acute distress, and apologize for the
lossof reliability in his estimation. It is
hard to bear such a loss, but we hope to
: :
OPINION 75
retrieve our loss by being very, very careful
ever hereafter."
The A. M. E. Church Review shows cour-
age and discrimination in its criticism of the
Bench of Bishops
"There are evidences which point to the
fact that, at times, the 'Bench of Bishops'
is itself leaderless. True, they are equals;
we have no Archbishop; but a 'Bench of
Bishops,' like a cabinet or the ministry of a
government, needs one or more guiding spir-
its whose superior wisdom and largeness of
vision command adherence. Take the matter
of the proposed 'Centennial Fund.' It was
attacked as not legalized and upon grounds
that clearly showed an animus without foun-
dation in the general sentiment of the church.
Here was an opportunity that could only
educational and other general interests. But
some of the Bishops were either timid or in-
different; hence, as a connectional movement,
it has fallen to the ground, but where prop-
erly presented it has met with prompt and
generous response."
The A. M. E. Church is probably the
greatest Negro organization on earth but it
needs for that very reason the fire of intel-
ligent, internal criticism if it is to survive
and grow.
The Afro-American Ledger says:
"The time has arrived when the traveling
colored people all over the country should
make a strong protest to the powers-that-be
of the conditions that we are compelled to
undergo in traveling in the southern part
of this country. It is almost impossible to
secure decent accommodations, either in day
coaches or in Pullman cars. Ticket agents
when application is made
will deliberately lie
for a reservation, and if one wants a meal
it isalmost a matter of impossibility to se-
Sometimes they accommodate
cure it. will
you, but when all the white people who are
on the train have been served and not
before."
The Ledger then adds to the gayety of
by humbly nations by concluding with this fine Irish
bull
"Conditions are as bad as they can pos-
sibly be and we have got to do something
about it in some way or it will in all prob-
ability be worse."
It is hardly necessary to add that the
handsome brown-faced editor of the excel-
lentLedger rejoices in the name of Murphy.
 — :

'If You Wish to Avoid Criticism, Do force these problems more and more be-
Nothing, Say Nothing, Be Nothing/' fore the courts and bring them to ju-
dicial decision. We
have gained a few
CHRISTMAS. cases, we have lost others but the gains
;

are reasonably permanent, because they

HIS is the fifth Christmas
are in consonance with human progress
season that The Crisis
to-day while in every ease the losses are
has seen, and it is the ;

sixth season of the active

work of the National As-
sociation for the Ad-
vancement of Colored People. Surely,
the world, the United States, and the
retrievable. Wehave in a number of
cases been able to bring just decisions by
protest and appeals to reason; by mak-
ing people face the issue of race preju-
dice instead of allowing them silently to

Negro race are better off for the work dodge it.

of these forces. We cannot, to be sure,

Finally, we have put over 1,000,000
point to great and definite accomplish- copies of The Crisis into every state of

ments. The errors and hatreds and
prejudices of three centuries do not
yield to the work of five little years, how-
ever earnest and honest. But we have
made more than beginnings. We have
compelled the world to listen, and not
simply the world that agrees with us but
even some part of that world which pas-
sionately disagrees. We have convinced
many doubtful Americans that we have
—
a case a good, honest, sensible case
which deserves thought and considera-
tion; that we cannot incontinentally be
put out of court by being dubbed radi-
cals or by having our actions explained
by smaller and meaner motives than
those which we profess.
Above our work shows that we are
all,
in the field not to destroy but to fulfill,
not to decry or pull down the work of
others, but courteously and firmly to
point out the inadequacy of mere philan-
thropy and acquiescence and desert as
a means of settling the race problem in
America.
In addition to this we have helped to
the United States and into most coun-
tries of the world. There are few in-
telligent people in America who do not
know of the magazine and have some
idea of what it stands for. All this is
worth while and a cause of rejoicing in
this holiday season, but the rejoicing
ought not to stop with words or feelings.
It ought to induce every reader of this
editorial to join the National Association
for the Advancement of Colored People,
to subscribe for The Crisis, and to do
both these things to-day.
WAR.
OME time pub- ago we
lished an 6n article
Moshesh, the great black
king of the Basutos in
South Africa. Recently
there has come to our
notice this passage in Casalis', "My Life
in Basutoland"
"It was a great stumbling block to
Moshesh when he learned that the na-
 !

EDITORIAL 77

tions which recognized Jesus Christ still NEGRO.

loved war, and applied themselves to HERE are indications that
perfecting the military art. 'It was ex- the custom of extending
cusable in us,' said he, 'who had no other courtesy to 150,000,000
models than wild beasts, but you, who of human beings by cap-
profess to be the children of Him who italizing the racial name
said ''Love your enemies," for you to which is most in use, is
take pleasure in fighting!' All that we slowly increasing. The manager of the
could say to him about the alleviations Associated Press writes us:
which Christianity had introduced, as,
"We have a broad rule to the effect
for instance, the case of the mounded,
that the word 'Negro' should be capital-
the absence of personal hate, etc., only
ized in our service, but we do not con-
increased his stupefaction. 'Then you
trol the typographical appearance of the
work this evil without anger, mixing word as it appears in the newspapers.
wisdom with it I can make nothing of
!

"A little more than a year ago we sent

it,except that war must be a rod which
out 900 copies of a letter from Mr. Les-
God does not choose to break, because he ter A. Walton, of the Age, to the news-
will make use of it still for the chastise-
" papers in the Associated Press, and I«
ment of men !'
think the practice of capitalizing the
word Negro is very general so far as I
THE SUPREME COURT. have been able to observe."

T is possible for the Su-

preme Court within the
Y. M. C. A.
next few months to go
far toward settling the ;E gave last month consider-
race problem in the able space to the wonder-
United States. We con- ful work of the colored
fess we have little hope that the Court Y. M. C. A. It is an ex-
as now constituted will rise to this great traordinary growth and
opportunity yet there is a possibility.
;
the colored secretaries
Cases now face the Court involving the like Mr. Hunton and Mr. Mooreland,
"grandfather" clause of the southern and white philanthropists like Julius
disfranchising constitutions; the "Jim- Rosenwald, together with the governing
Crow" car law; peonage on southern heads of the whole movement deserve
plantations the right of a colored man
; undoubtedly great credit. At the same
to defend his home and discrimination ; time it must be remembered that direct-
in cemeteries. In two of these cases the ly in questions of this sort lurk the most
National Association for the Advance- baffling difficulties of our race problem.
ment of Colored People has rendered The Y. M. C. A. movement in America
aid, and in all of them we are, of course, is not acting in a Christian manner to-

intensely interested. What a forward ward colored folk. In most cities col-
step for America if the Court should de- ored people are, as in New York, ex-
cide that the "grandfather" clause was cluded from all the well-equipped
unconstitutional ; that at least, equal ac- branches of the Y. M. C. A. and herded
commodations under all circumstances in a poorly equipped "colored" branch.
should be given citizens on all railroads In other cities like Boston and Provi-
paying the same .fare ; that the custom dence recent attempts have been frus-
of selling a criminal to a capitalist to be trated to do the same thing. In still
worked at the capitalist's pleasure is other cities the Negroes are segregated
slavery ; and that injustice cannot plead but as we showed last month splendid
race and color as an excuse new accommodations have been erected
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 :

80 THE CRISIS

for them. What now should be the at- TO YOUNG CONTRIBUTORS.

titude of colored people and their friends NOTHER word seems nec-
toward this movement? Manifestly, essary to those young
here is a case for niceness of judgment colored people who wish
but unerring adherence to principle. It to write,and particular-
is a fine thing that the colored people ly for those who would
have such well-equipped Y. M. C. A. write for The Crisis.
buildings in Chicago and "Washington We want articles, stories and notes of
and Philadelphia, but it is an unchris- interest concerning the colored race and
tian and unjust and dangerous pro- race relations in general. Our only ex-
cedure which segregates colored people cuse for being is the publication of such
in the Y. M. C. A. movement. However matter. That is what we are here for.
much we may be glad of the colored Y. We cannot, however, publish but a
M. C. A. movement on the one hand, on small part of the matter that is sent to
the other hand we must never for a us: First, because of lack of space, and
single moment fail to recognize the in- secondly, because so much that is sent
justice which has made it an unfor- is not well written. For instance, a
tunate necessity. writer sends us a manuscript previously
offered to the American Magazine and
MURDER. asks why it was rejected. The reason
of its rejection is perfectly clear. We
E are preening ourselves
as a nation because we quote simply the first three lines
now "I have no personal enthusiasm in
are at peace while
choosing this theme, but on the account
civilized Europe is at
war of the present day controversy, which
; but we must re-
are so prevalent, I will reflect some light
member that the wars of
peace are often quite as horrible as the on the subject that will serve as guiding
post."
murder of war. The United States has .

the unenviable and shameful notoriety m

of being the country where murder is THE OLD STORY.
more prevalent than in any other civil- E
publish verbatim a
ized land. There are in this country at despatch from Conway,
least six times as many murders each Ark., published in a Ft.
year as in England, France and Ger- Smith, Ark., daily:
many while Berlin has two murders for
; "Gertrude Hollins-
every hundred thousand of population, head, about 16 years old,
New York has six, Chicago has nine, At- on whose testimony nine Negroes were
lanta has twenty-three and Memphis has convicted of serious charges and sent to.
fifty-eight: The influence of the race the penitentiary for terms ranging from
problem can be directly traced by com- 19 to 35 years, now says that her testi-
paring southern and northern cities. mony was false. She met Judge Eu-
Memphis, Charleston, Savannah, New gene Lankford, before whom the case
Orleans, Atlanta, Nashville, Louisville, was tried at Conway a year ago last
St. Louis and Cincinnati are hot-beds of August, in Little Rock last night by ap-
homicide. It is not merely the murder pointment, and said she wished to re-
of black men by white men in these tract all the charges she had made
cities, but also the murder of white men against the Negroes and asked that they
by black men, of white men by white be pardoned.
men and of black men by black men. It "At the time of the crimes for which
is the atmosphere of violence and hatred the Negroes were said to have been com-
and these things grow in the miasma of mitted, the girl was under 16 years of
race prejudice. age. She was an orphan and until a short
 : !

EDITORIAL 81

time before the Negroes were arrested races to science will be not only credit-
was living with her step-mother. It was able, but distinguished.
said that she was driven from her home J. McKeen Cattell.
and took refuge with a Negro woman The reader would scarcely have gath-
named Luvide Simms, who was sen- ered from Mr. Cattell's remark that he
tenced to 35 years for her part in the was referring simply to the thousand
case." greatest American scientists. A less
sweeping statement would have been
wiser.
MORE CORRESPONDENCE.
IE. J. McKeen Cattell, PREJUDICE.
Sir: E quote from a letter in
In Science volume thir- the New York Times :
ty-nine, No. 1004, page "Easy to create, it is
five, I find the following hard to destroy. Sinis-
statement made by you ter of wit, it is weak of
"There is not a single mulatto who has wisdom. Its preceptions
done creditable scientific work." are false. It sees in darkness it is blind ;

I beg to enclose clippings from The
Crisis Magazine and to call your atten-
tion to the scientific work of three col-
ored men there mentioned.
Turner and Just.] I am inclined to
think that you owe some one an apology
for the statement before mentioned.
I am, sir,
Very respectfully yours,
The
To the Editor of The Crisis
In your November issue you quote a
statement by me in regard to the lack of
creditable scientific work by mulattoes.
If read in the context of the paragraph,
in the light. It nurtures lies and re-
jects truth. Breeding hatred, it blasts
sympathy. It rules those who give it
[Fuller, life. It is a conjured Frankenstein,
dominating millions of men. It sits be-
side the gates of life and takes toll of
allthat pass.
"It is the conservator of all that rea-
son would destroy, the destroyer of the
Editor. works of justice. It is the hand-maiden
of error, the nemesis of knowledge. It
: feeds fear and poisons hope. It lives by
the law of the dead. It thrives upon the
meat of yesterday. It sickens on the sus-
tenance of to-day.
the anarchist of the heart. It
"It is

the sentence means that no mulatto has smothers faith. It gives love to the
accomplished scientific work which torch. It bemeans benevolence and
would entitle him to inclusion among shuns communion. It stills the sound of
the thousand scientific men of the United music and palsies the hand of art. It be-
States whose work has been the most trays belief and sets suspicion on a
creditable. This is true. But instead throne. It rejoices in tears. Its mirth
of quoting a sentence apart from its is in misery.
context, it, would be of greater service "It is the monster of the mind. It
to the cause in which we are both inter- pollutes thought, serves despair, and
ested to give the argument of that par- ravishes right. It offends against fact
agraph, which is an attempt to prove and is a stranger to logic. Its soothing
from biological evidence that the lack of is in sophistry. It divines the unreal
scientificwork by mulattoes in the past and walks in the way of phantoms. It
has been due, not to their heredity or drains the potions brewed by witches of
racial qualities, but to the unfavorable the brain. It is a thing of charms and
environment in which they have been amulets.
placed. We may hope that in the fu- "It is prejudice
ture the contributions of the colored "Nathan Straus."
 82 THE
THE BAR ASSOCIATION.
HAVE just returned
from the meeting of the
American Bar Associa-
tion at Washington
where contrary to every-
body's expectation I suc-
ceeded in getting the resolution passed
at Milwaukee two years ago (which de-
clared that it had never been contem-
plated that colored men should be ad-
mitted) rescinded.
In its place a resolution was passed
that applications for membership should
hereafter state the race and sex of the
applicant and such other facts as the
Executive Committee should require. I
stated that I did not object to this for
if I were a colored man I should say to
the Association: "I am not ashamed of
my race but as proud of it as you are of
yours. I come as a colored man to ask
admission," and that I did not want
either the colored man or women ad-
mitted out of any mistake.
This was accomplished by a substan-
tially unanimous vote. The bar to Negro
membership is thus removed, and when
a proper Executive Committee is elected
and proper colored candidates present
themselves, they will be elected. This
may not be for some years but it will
come. I hope this result will gratify you
and my other associates of the N. A. A.
C. P.
Yours very truly,
(Signed) M. Storey.
THE ELECTION.
HE chief matter of com-
fort to colored folk in
the late election is the
more evenly balanced
power of the two great
parties resulting from it.
Neither Eepublicans nor Democrats can
afford to defy 500,000 Negro voters in
the next two years. The Republicans
have disfranchised them in party coun-
cils and the Democrats have segregated
them. With such a record both parties
must do a lot of explaining.
CRISIS
We see the decline of Progressivism
with regret. It had some splendid per-
sonalitiesand high ideals; but on the
greatest human problem of the day it
went at the very beginning violently and
inexcusably wrong.
COURTESY.
RETURNED tourist who
was stranded in Europe
says that the courteous
person about the United
States Embassy in Ber-
lin was a colored citizen
of the United States of America who was
also stranded and given employment
there. He was educated at Columbus,
Missouri. He was polite even to the
poorest applicant for information and
seemed to have every detail at command.
WILLIAM MONROE TROTTER.
ILLIAM MONROE
TROTTER is a brave
man. Of his fearlessness
and his unselfish devo-
tion to the highest inter-
ests of the Negro race
there can be no doubt.
President Woodrow Wilson is a keenly
sensitive man. He
has high ideals and
he is following them. On one subject
alone he is by birth and education un-
fitted for largeness of view or depth- of
feeling. His attitude on the Negro prob-
lem essentially the attitude of the old
is
philanthropic South of fifty years ago.
He feels "kindly" toward Negroes, he
wants to "help" them, he would not
knowingly hinder them; but when it
comes to treating black men as indepen-
dent human beings, the equals of other
United States, the thing is
citizens in the
simply beyond Mr. Wilson's conception.
When two men like this come together
to discuss segregation, granting them
both honesty, good will and earnestness,
as indeed we must, there is going to be
trouble, if not anger and positive dis-
courtesy.
One thing is certain: Mr. Trotter
voiced the feelings of nine-tenths of the
thinking Negroes of this country.
 ! —; ! ) —— ; — !
!

THE CHRISTMAS PRAYERS OF GOD 83

Sty? (fUjrtetmaa frapra of (&&b

Name of God's Name! The babes' wide eyes of genius and of
Red murder reigns; joy;
All Hell is loose; Poems and prayers, sun-glows and earth-
On gold autumnal air songs ;
Walk grinning devils barbed and hoofed, Great pictured dreams,
While high on hills of hate, En-marbled phantasies,
Black-blossomed, crimson sky'd, Hymns of high Heaven,
Thou sittest, dumb. All fade, in this dread night,
This long ghost night
Father Almighty! While Thou art dumb.
This earth is mad!
Palsied, our cunning hands Have Mercy!
Rotten, our gold; Have mercy upon us, miserable sinners
Our argosies reel and stagger Stand forth, unveil Thy face,
Over empty seas; Pour down the light
All the long aisles That seethes above Thy throne,
Of Thy great temples, God, And blaze this devil's dance to darkness
Stink with the entrails Hear!
Of our souls. Speak
And Thou art dumb. In Christ's great name

Above the thunder of Thy thunders, I hear.

Lord, Forgive me, God.
Lightening Thy lightnings, Above the thunder I hearkened
Rings and roars Beneath the silence, now,
The dark damnation I hear.
%? tP tF * w
Of this Hell of war.
Red piles the pulp of hearts and heads, (Wait, God, a little space.
And little children's hands. strange to talk with Thee
It is so
Alone !

Allah!
Elohim This gold ?

Death is here! I took it.

Dead are the living, deep dead the dead. Is it Thine?
Dying are earth's unborn Forgive; I did not know.
 — — — ————
84 THE CRISIS

Blood? Is it wet with blood? What was that awful word Thou saidst ?
'Tis from my
brother's hands. That black and riven Thing was it —
(I know;his hands are mine.) Thee?
It flowed for Thee, Lord. —
That gasp was it Thine ?
—
This pain is it Thine?
War? Not so, not war: Are then these bullets piercing Thee ?
Dominion, Lord, and over black, not Have all the wars of all the world,
white. Down all dim time, drawn blood from
Black, brown and fawn, Thee?
And not Thy chosen brood, God, Have all the lies, and thefts, and hates
We murdered. Thy crucifixion, God,
Is this
And not that funny little cross,
To build Thy kingdom, With vinegar and thorns?
To drape our wives and. little ones,
And set their souls a'glitter
Help!
For this wekilled these lesser breeds
I sense that low and awful cry
And civilized their dead,
Who cries?
Raping red rubber, diamonds, cocoa,
Who weeps
gold.
With silent sob that rends and tears
Can God sob ?
For this, too, once, and in Thy name
I lynched a Nigger
Who prays?
I hear strong prayers throng by,
(He raved and writhed, Like mighty winds on dusky moors
Iheard him cry,
Can God pray?
I felt the life light leap and lie,
^ M, «. Jfc J*

I watched him crackle there, on

high, Prayest Thou, Lord, and to me?
I saw him wither!) Thou needest me?
# # # # #
Thou needest me?
Thou? Thou needest me?
Thee? Poor wounded Soul!
I lynched Thee ? Of this I never dreamed. I thought
• * • • *
Courage, God,
Awake me, God, I sleep! I come!
 THE CONGRESSMEN AND THE
THE CONGRESSMEN
And the National Association for the
PETER TEN EYKE, representative
MR.from
the 28th New York, district,
writes : "It is my advice to you to drop
agitating the things which you have outlined
in your letter until such time as you find
that the wild rumors are liable to become a
reality." This, of course, he says "in all
sympathy with your race," and it
exactly the attitude which the National As-
sociation for the Advancement of Colored
People is fighting and which its questionnaire
addressed to congressional candidates seems
to prove is the right fight for us to make.
First, of course, and foremost, we have
come across the men who do not care.
George Nicholas, of Kentucky, says "I do
not desire your support. I am indifferent
to your opposition."
Other congressmen are angry at the threat
of non-support at the polls Congressman :
Bathrick considers this "distinctly obnoxi-
ous and, I believe, liable to injure instead
of help, the cause of the colored people."
Others in considerable numbers seek to
dodge the issue. Charles F. Wilcox, of New
York, a Republican candidate, gives this re-
markable excuse: "I have relatives now at
the head of colored schools in the South.
Under these circumstances I think you will
understand my attitude sufficiently so that
you will pardon my declining to answer spe-
cific questions time!"
at Griest, of
this
Pennsjdvania, draws himself up indignantly
and is "surprised that a successor to the
seat of Thaddeus Stevens should be subject-
ed to this cross-examination."
Of course, we encounter the breezy opti-
mist: "Nobody is thinking," of abrogating
the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendment,
says a Pennsylvania Democrat. There need
be no antagonism between the races and
"there is none," says a Pennsylvania Pro-
gressive. Then right on top of these ans-
wers comes an Indiana Democrat who wants
segregation and "Jim-Crow" cars in the
District of Columbia, and a Texan who
wants not only this but the Fourteenth and
Fifteenth Amendments repealed and the
whole Negro race put out of the country.
He adds gayly: "No Negroes vote in the
Texas Democratic primaries, and very few
Republicans vote in the general elections."
N. A. A. C. P. 85
Advancement of the
Colored People
He also sends a clipping from a Dallas
paper entitled "Jump Up Nigger En Crack
Yo' Heels." A native of North Carolina,
running in Montana, also refuses to pledge
himself as to the Fourteenth and Fifteenth
Amendments, wants segregation and "will
not oppose making invalid marriages of col-
expresses ored and white people."
All this indicates clearly the present prob-
lem, and it is pleasant to note that some poli-
ticians have clear ideas at least as to the
general justice of our position. Phelan, of
Massachusetts, says frankly: "I do not
favor segregation, not 'Jim-Crow' cars nor
anything of the sort. I believe the colored
: people should have the rights which our
Constitution and laws give them." Osgood,
a Massachusetts Progressive, is in favor "of
equal social, legal and political rights for
colored citizens." Niles, a New York candi-
date, says "I shall in the future, as I have
:
always in the past, on every occasion public
or private, social or political, assail ANY
and EVERY measure, of whatever kind or
nature, or description, that is inspired by
hatred for, or opposition to, race, ANY
nationality or creed." And Murray Hul-
bert, of New York, says "Talent knows no
:
race or creed and I would accord to every
man the full measure of reward which he
merits."
Radicals like the Socialists and others
speak strongly but not always with full com-
prehension of what they are saying. Thus,
a Socialist of Minnesota declares "there is
no race problem," and a candidate of the
Socialist Labor Party in Maryland, is fight-
ing for a society "where economic equality
will be for all irrespective of race, creed or
color." Weinstock, a Pennsylvania Progres-
sive, says flatly: "The Fourteenth and Fif-
teenth Amendments are not enforced if so-
cial liberty as well as political liberty is not
given to all our citizens irrespective of color
or creed."
A Pennsylvania Socialist stands squarely
for theright but complains that colored
voters always vote for the "common enemy."
John Burt, of Pennsylvania, voices the same
thing and says feelingly: "Oh, how I wish
your organization could guide aright the
large population of colored people in this
 86
First Congressional District against the
organization who has used them as so much
merchandise for their own personal ends."
What is it that makes colored people, and
intelligent colored people, so often vote for
bosses? It is undoubtedly the canny stand
of men like Boise Penrose. Mr. Penrose
stands right up and tersely says that he will
support war amendments, that he is opposed
to segregation and "Jim-Crow" cars, that he
will vote against anti-intermarriage laws,
and that he never justifies lynching.
It is to note, however, that
interesting
there disagreement among our political
is
leaders even in such fundamental matters as
lynching. A Montana man confesses that
he hassometimes justified lynching. An
Ohio Republican is in favor of it in "some
cases." A Pennsylvania Progressive who
lives on a "college campus" wants it "very,
very seldom;" and Edward Hart, a profes-
sor in Lafayette College, justifies it under
certain "exceptional" circumstances
such leaders can we blame the mob?
Perhaps the most striking thing about
these answers is the number of people who
frankly say that they are not informed on
the Negro problem; that they simply "do
not know the facts." This is the severest
condemnation of the past attitude of the col-
ored people and their friends that could pos-
sibly be made. It is the business of people
who want wrongs righted to let the world
know just what the wrongs are. A Michi-
gan man is "not at all familiar with these
questions." Congressman Good has "not
studied" segregation. A
Pennsylvania man
says his "information is too limited." An
Illinois Progressive is "not sure about his
attitude." A Michigan Democrat is "not in-
formed." An Ohio Republican has not
"fully considered the matter." A Minnesota
Progressive wants "to know more," and so
on through dozens of answers.
Naturally, the greatest wavering is on the
question of intermarriage and the wavering
shows how remiss the colored people have
been in not making their attitude perfectly
clear. It is a delicate and unpleasant sub-
ject which no one wants to argue and yet
the results of not arguing it are so frightful
that honest men are forced to state their
opinion. The real problem is illustrated by
a piece of news that comes to us this
from California:
A white policeman, F. A. Winter of Los
THE CRISIS
gang Angeles, has been clandestinely meeting
Juanita Nelson, an orphan colored girl. She
has a child. The policeman, run to earth,
acknowledges his fault and offers to marry
the girl but THE LAWS OF CALIFOR-
NIA PREVENT THIS!
Here, then, is the problem: Did the col-
ored people want this girl to have a white
husband? They most certainly did not. Did
the white people want the policeman to have
a colored wife? Evidently not. But the
fact remains that these people wanted each
other and what is a civilized world going to
do about it? Of course, the first answer that
rushes to the mouth of Gibbons, an Illinois
Progressive, is "I am opposed to intermar-
riage on ethnological grounds as it deterior-
ates both races and is a stock process of
extermination."
This is absolutely false, as anyone may
learnby reading Dr. Loeb's article in this
number of The Crisis. We have a perfect
! With right to oppose racial intermarriage, but we
have no right, consciously or unconsciously,
to lie about the reasons.
all
Despite our predilections, the answer of
Paxton Hibben, of Indiana, is absolutely the
only decent answer: "I shall vote to make
no woman's children illegitimate." It is not
enough here to rely on general philanthropy.
Linden Bates, of New York, states that "it
is a basic Progressive policy" to protect
women and children of "all races." But
Gulley, just as good a Progressive, from In-
diana, says: "I will not oppose a law mak-
ing such marriages invalid."
Here, again, a large number of answers
waver. Some think it is sufficient to say
that they are "opposed to anti-racial mar-
riage" but are not clear as to how it is to
be stopped. Others want to stop it by law
but would not have the law retroactive.
What they would do in the California case
they do not say.
Lee, of Colorado, expresses the attitude of
a man who needs enlightenment:
"I oppose
racial intermarriage. would seem to me,
It
without having an opportunity to examine
the matter pro and con, that a law making
such marriage invalid is not a proper means
of preventing the same and my present be-
lief is that I would oppose it." There
are some men, however, who are square and
month clear. Hobart, of Ohio, says: "There
should be no different rule when white and
colored marry than when white and white

N. A. A. C. P.
or black and black marry." A native-born
southerner from Tennessee adds : "I am op-
posed to annulling any marriages anywhere
by law." And C. R. Lawrence, a Massachu-
setts Progressive, has this clear word: "One
cannot look upon many of the faces of our
citizens and be blind to the blending to a
more or less degree between the colored and
white people and I would rather see this in-
evitable tendency accomplished
rightfully
than criminally. I fear no more affinity as
to marriage between the white and colored
N. A. A. C.
Annual Meeting.
The Annual Meeting of the National As-
sociation for the Advancement of Colored
People will be held on Monday, January 4,
1915, in New York City. There will be two
an afternoon session at 2:30 o'clock
sessions,
and an evening session at 8 o'clock. The
afternoon session will be a business session
open only to members who have paid their
dues. The evening session will be public, to
which all are invited. At this session the
first Spingarn Medal will be awarded.
Branches.
The response which has come from
branches to the Association's appeal for as-
sistance during these times of financial de-
pression has been most encouraging. The
District of Columbia Branch led with a gen-
erous contribution of $300. Substantial con-
tributions have also been received from Bal-
timore, Seattle, and the Northern California
Branch. The Board of Directors desires to
thank these branches for their co-operation.
Northern California:
In addition to the contribution mentioned
above which the Northern California Branch
donated to the legal fund, this Branch has
been doing other important work. They
have succeeded in having signs, "Colored
Patrons Not Solicited," removed from cer-
tain restaurants. The Branch has conducted
a series of meetings throughout the year at
one of which Mrs. Coolidge, formerly assis-
tant Professor of Sociology at Leland Stan-
ford University, spoke on "The Mexican Sit-
uation and Racial Antagonism."
Cleveland:
About 1,000 people attended a mass meet-
ing held in the auditorium of the Cory M.
:
NOTES 87
people with the marriage bars down than
up."
Finally, a few, but a very few people,
perceive that the fight that this Association
is making is not simply "for colored people."
It is for the whole nation. As Representa-
tive Focht, of Pennsylvania, says: "Fifty
or more members of Congress from southern
states are there illegally;" and an Indiana
Progressive adds, "The creation of rotten
boroughs in this country is a negation of
Republican government."
P. Notes
E. Church Sunday, October 11. The chief
address delivered by President King of Ob-
erlin College on "The Negro and Democracy"
made a profound impression on the audi-
ence. This Branch has been working with
several other organizations to secure the ap-
pointment of colored representatives on the
Welfare Council of the city. As a result
both a colored man and a colored woman
have been appointed. The Council is com-
posed of the leading social and civic organi-
zations of Cleveland and expects to take up
matters of much importance.
Providence
At a rousing mass meeting held October
27, in the old historic First Baptist Church,
the Lieutenant-Governor of the State, Hon.
Roswell P. Burchard, presiding. The chief
speaker was Mr. Oswald Garrison Villard,
whose subject was, "The National Associa-
tion for the Advancement of Colored People
and what It Stands For." Mr. Villard's ad-
Mr.
dress was enthusiastically received.
Butler R. Wilson, Secretary of the Boston
Branch, gave an able address on "Racial
Many new
Conditions in New England."
members were added to the Branch.
The Branch has succeeded in its effort to
secure the admission of colored members to
the Y. M. C. A. When their new building
was completed the Y. M. C. A. sent out a call
for new members. Two high school stu-
dents joined and the Rev. Zechariah Harri-
son who had been a member for seventeen
years renewed his dues. After their fees had
been accepted these three colored members
were advised that the admission of colored
people was under discussion. The officers of
the Providence Branch of the National As-
sociation at once sent letters to prominent
 : :
88 THE
men and women in the city, to the pastors
of the various churches, to the ministers'
unions, etc. As a result of the public senti-
ment aroused colored men are now eligible
for membership in the Providence Y. M.
C. A.
Neioark
The Newark Branch held its first meeting
at the Bethany Baptist Church, October 8,
with Mr. Villard and Mrs. Butler R. Wilson
as speakers. A gratifying number of new
members and subscribers to the Crisis were
received. The officers of this Branch are:
Rev. Joseph R. Waters, President; Mr. R.
W. Stewart, Secretary; Mr. John S. Pink-
man, Treasurer; Dr. W. R. Granger, Chair-
man Executive Committee.
Kansas City:
The Kansas City Branch has gained an
encouraging victory
in persuading the
Mayor an ordinance which was rail-
to veto
roaded through the city council of Kansas
City, Mo., to prevent a colored Baptist Col-
lege from locating in a white neighborhood.
Shreveport
The Shreveport Branch which was recent-
ly organized, held amass meeting at the C.
M. E. Temple on August 28 at which Prof.
William Pickens was the chief speaker. His
address aroused great enthusiasm. The
Branch has sent a protest to the Governor
of Louisiana asking to end the mob law in
that state where several lynchings occurred
within a week without a semblance of inves-
tigation.
Tacoma:
Memorial services for Samuel Coleridge-
Taylor were held by the Branch at the First
Congregational Church on September 27.
This is one of the largest white churches in
the city and was filled with a cultured white
and colored audience. The memorial sermon
was given by Dr. Marshall Dawson, minister
of the Ethical and Unitarian Societies.
Mrs. Mabel Davis and choir gave effective-
ly several folk songs. Mrs. Asberry in an
interesting talk compared African folk
music with European folk music, illustrat-
ing by piano selections from Negro melo-
dies as transcribed by Coleridge Taylor.
The following came to us Christmas Eve
from a lawless section in Louisiana near the
scene of the recent lynching of two Negroes:
CRISIS
"Please enclosed find $1.00 as a Xmas
present to be spent in any way that will
help the cause of the association. There are
hundreds and hundreds of dollars spent by
the poor colored people here this week for
Xmas turkeys, so I will do without my
turkey and spend my dollor for the good
of my Race. My prayer to your national
association is to think of us and help us
to be a thinking people. I am thinking I
would be hung if some man with the so-
called power at his back could read this
letter. Here at this point I stoped writing
and thought over the letter and I see nothing
in it but good-will to all men and hatred to
non. So if my neck goes, let it go, since it
goes for rite.
"I think if this world will be a good world
your association is one of the ways that it
will be made better. You can't make the
Negro good without making his surrounding
good. I am classed as an ignorant man. I
have never gone to school but one week in
my life, but I can see where the national
association is a blessing to the world. I
haven't a dollar that is too good for this
cause, in fact I haven't but fifty cents, but I
mean that I can't ern a dillor that is too
good for this cause."
Dear Sir:
I read with much interest in the Decem-
ber number of The Crisis a letter to you,
graphically describing the terrors of Negro-
haunted city streets to unprotected woman-
hood (white). This frightful condition, which
has been mentioned once or twice before in
discussing the race problem, is always cited
concerning some city conveniently distant
from the wicked opponent.
in Washington and am out
I, too, live
almost every night till ten or twelve. I
usually come home alone, and frequently
walk. My walk takes me through both a well-
On the
to-do and a poor colored section.
innumerable occasions during the past six
years, when I have so rashly risked being the
"next victim," I have never once been
molested, nor have I even seen anything
which could frighten the most timid.
If the writer of that letter has an address
less vague than Washington I would be
glad if you would forward this letter to her.
Sincerely yours,
Another Washington Woman.

THE DEBTOR-A
&> By Maynard Holbrook Jackson
TT was Christmas time. "At last!"— the
•* words came in a sudden burst of joy and
—
then in a subdued whisper "At last!" And
Jean Lesage covered his wrinkled, old face
with his huge, rough hands and bowed where
he was, hidden by the tall cane, bowed to — an ardent devotee of the church. The deci-
thank the Virgin for this answer to a half
century of prayers; wept with long, deep
sobs; then laughed.
He was an unusual picture — this old
— tall, still straight, his great head covered
with a thick shock of hair as white as the
neighboring field of cotton, his wrinkled,
brown face lighted by a pair of black eyes
that bespoke suffering and perseverance,
even victory. Now his face shown with a
deep-souled happiness that overshadowed his
proverbial good nature. His outward char-
acteristics only bespoke the wonderful beau-
ty of the man's soul, tried and proven by
the white heat of slavery and the insidious
institution of peonage. The world in its
vast expanse would give up very few Jeans
who have the spirit of Christianity so truly,
so deeply developed that they could have
looked upon their tormentors with less than
—
hatred active, vindictive, hatred.
Jean had decided to disgrace his slave
fathers, nay more, —
to sell his soul, for his
chance had come to get the ever-elusive gold.
Father Pierre carried a bag in his cape
pocket, for had he not given Jean's sick child
a few cents from it that very morning? And
now Jean had deliberately planned to steal
the charity bag, to rob the Lord. After
none seemed to care for his troubles and to
—
sympathize with him unless it were Bar-
bette and the "Mother Mary." So it was
that honest, old Jean freely doomed himself
to perdition, to the unpardonable sin, for a
paltry bit of gold. The priest would come
that night to see the sick child, Marie; then
he would get the bag; he could feel it in his
hands already, even stood smilingly weighing
it, feeling the golden pieces.
had not been without effort that old
It
Jean had come to his decision. He had care-
fully weighed the two issues —
weighed them
with great precaution, and he had taken his
choice. Nor was it because Hell was not a
reality to him; he believed most vividly in
—
Story
the sea of fire and brimestone and dreaded
most definitely the life of everlasting punish-
ment. In fact, Jean had always planned to
spend eternity in the land of golden streets
and great white thrones and had long been
sion had been deliberate. The choice includ-
ed the damnation of his soul as well as the
bag; Jean knew it and chose the bag un-
man flinchingly.
The life of Jean Lesage had been one of
awful struggle against debt; not the sort of
debt that causes business worry out in the
great, open world or takes away a man's
houses and lands; but debt that reaches out
cold hands for the body of its victim, puts
chains of ironupon him and, with him im-
prisoned by fens and bayous, drives him to
work with a cudgel; debt that enslaves his.
wife and prostitutes his daughters. If Jean
had been out in the big world, he would have
done some wonderful thing but, as it was, he
had struggled through all his life against one
—
problem the fact that he was a debtor.
Old Jean was a Creole, a Negro; his
mother was a slave of pure African descent;
his father was her French master. He and
his mother had been sold when the father
found another favorite and when freedom
came they were upon the Lesage plantation,
far down into the rich Mississippi delta,
which smiled with almost extravagant
bounty.
Probably the most vivid memory of Jean's
all, lifewas the time, a few years after the war,
when his mother died and left him, a youth
of sixteen summers, to face the world and
win from it a paltry existence. She had so
often called him at twilight, the tasks all
finished, the shadowsplaying through the
wisteria vines that covered the cabin porch
and then falling across the uplifted face of
the eager boy, making strange lights come
and go in his longing eyes, and there told
him the story of their existence, always fin-
ishing: "Jean, hoy, you aint no slave;" and
he could not forget it. Yet he had often
asked himself wherein a man profited by
freedom if he were a slave to debt?
When the glad word came to the Lesage
place, a year after the Emancipation Pro-
 —
90 THE
clamation had been published, Francois Le-
sage, owner and operator of a great sugar
plantation, had magnanimously offered his
assistance to his former bondsmen in that
they might remain upon his place and work
for him at a "reasonable" consideration.
And his logic seemed fair to those poor,
credulous gropers, for it was as he said, "I
have the land, the plows, the cattle, the seed
— everything; you have nothing; now, I am
willing to give you all you may need if you
will stay and help me." And Jean and his
mother had remained, toiling, suffering, al-
ways looking forward to the time when they
might escape the wolf.
Then, when the mother had died, Jean de-
cided to leave the fields of cane and cotton
and seek the great, strange world where
money was to be found everywhere and
where, he had once heard from some mys-
terious and unauthentic source., there was
even a black man who owned the land which
he cultivated. But he would stay and save
a money with which to make the jour-
little
ney then he would go to the great city, New
;
Orleans, of which his mother had so often
spoken.
It was a painful task, this saving of
enough to get some tough shoes and a new
pair of cotton breeches so that he might go
to the far-off world. The generous employ-
er, Lesage, paid him twenty cents a day for
his nominal wage and in turn had given him
permission to run an account at the Lesage
grocery so that "he need never feel the pangs
of hunger." The poor fellow began to save
some of his twenty cents; it took ten cents
a day for rice and beans and then there was
the bread, the occasional tobacco, the cloth-
ing, and other little items. He cut the to-
bacco from the list; a cotton jacket was
made to last twice as long; then, too, he be-
gan to eat less, —but a huge frame like his
called for much food; he began to make his
supper upon the sugar cane and Barbette,
the hand's cook, was kind, helping him with
a pone of bread at intervals. So it was that,
after four years, he finally saved ten dol-
lars — enough to give him his desire. Very
likely heowed for a bit of cotton cloth, a
sun hat or some such trifling article, at the
Lesage store; he would pay this and then
make his way to the land of plenty. He
would ask but one thing of the master
permission to go. He went to the store at
Christmas time. The owner heard him with
uplifted brows, startled at finding that
CRISIS
monster, Ambition, upon his estate; but his
answer showed no surprise or indieision:
"Jean, you are a debtor now. You cannot
leave until you pay me all."
"But, Master, I has something fer to pay
yo now," Jean answered in his broken ac-
cent which smacked of his French fore-
father.
"What have you, Jean?"
"A bag Master; I don' know jes' how
full,
much, but you kin count it."
The rich Lesage took the greasy little bag
—
and counted one, two, three, four paper
dollars; a five-dollar gold piece, and a dollar
in pennies —
and nickles ten dollars.
"Take what's yo' part, Master, and I'll
take de' rest and go."
"Jean," came the cold judgment, "You
lack five dollars. You must pay me all."
Jean was brave and began the old, pain-
ful process all over again. He would work
harder this year that he might wring some
extra profit from the acres entrusted to him.
He worked in the dusky hours of early dawn
and far into the moon-lit night. The other
year had found him lazy and extravagant,
he argued, but this year he would do his
best; yet, at the end of the year the debt
was still on the side of the owner.
At last the Christmas came when Jean
made up his mind to leave by stealth. He
had often seen the great ships going on to
New Orleans and he had planned, more than
once, to steal aboard along with the barrels
of molasses and sugar that formed a regular
shipment from the Lesage wharf. So it was
that he hid himself in the hold of the big
barge that came at the week-end and started
for his land of promise. But they found
him, the free slave, and took him back; and
the kindly Lesage reasoned with him: "My
son, why should you leave such a gracious
employer, such a comfortable home ? Have
1
I not always given you food, clothing, shel-
ter, although you owe me much? Would
you leave such a master, and you, his debtor?
Think well, boy make yourself satisfied with
;
such good fortune! Get yourself a wife and
I will make you an overseer; even give you
more money!"
Jean went again to his work, but with a
broken purpose. He felt he could never
save enough to free himself of the pernicious
debt. He began to get tobacco again, to eat
more of the fine, white bread from the Le-
sage commissary. Once he even took a day
off to make love to Barbette from sun-rise
 — ! ! :

THE DEBTOR 91

to twilight; in fact, Barbette was a great backed, old Barbette! How would the lads
check upon Jean for he feared to leave her feel when he was gone? Would they know
with those dancing black eyes and winning he had been dishonest a thief? —
The die
smile, while he sought his fortune in the was cast! He must be a debtor no longer!
country over beyond Bayou D' La Fouche. His children must reach the wonderful
What was the use of trying to do impossible world
things, after all? Jean and Barbette be- The next morning Jean added his little

came one; then there were two mouths
feed and the dream-world began slowly
fade.
Then the children came— two robust boys
and a beautiful, black-eyed girl. As soon as
they could toddle they were in the fields with
the father, sowing, plowing, reaping, —sow-
ing, plowing,reaping. Once again the
youthful fire was kindled in Jean's bosom,
and he swore by the Holy Virgin that he
would leave his innocent children free togo
into the great world and perhaps some day
they would learn to read from the great
books that looked like huge catechisms like — Roland, and here's de money!"
those of the master. So they labored and
stinted and suffered, but the pennies accumu-
lated more and more slowly, until Jean, now
old and silver-headed, feared that he should
die before the debt was paid; and then
Jean's thoughts were no longer of himself;
he had given up his fond dreams of the
golden world, sadly, unwillingly; he thought
now of the children and prayed that they
be not subjects of the Lesage debt.
Thus Jean Lesage had deliberately chosen
to send his soul to the world of shades for a
bag of gold, for means to pay the perpetual,
ever-increasing debt. When the priest came
that night, Jean was, as ever before, talka-
tive, —
even severely loquacious but every
word, every act, was a lie and guilt was
written deep in his aged heart. When the
priest knelt to pray, the old sufferer slipped
to savings to the stolen gold and made his way
to to the administrator's office. If they asked
about the money he would say he had found
it hidden in the old marsh or that he had
saved it through many years.
The manager of the estate smiled as Jean
entered. Everyone respected the worth and
honesty of this old man and gave him some
sort of deference. The manager's voice had
the suggestion of warmth in it as he spoke.
"Mornin' Jean, what can I do for you so
early?"
"I've done come to pay my debt Mars
He spread the coins out upon the old stone
table that would have cried out in behalf of
perjured freedom, had it a mouth. He
spread them out tenderly, lovingly, stopping
often to count on his fingers or to fondle
some shining piece.
"Now, gimme my papers, Mars Roland!"
He said it joyfully.
"When I have counted your money, then
I shall give you a receipt —your receipt in
full. Give me Jean's bill, Francis!"
He counted the golden pieces and then
the others; ninety dollars inall. Finally the
clerk handed him a slip, with a knowing
glance. The administrator labored over the
calculation, counted and recounted. So
much figuring on such a small account
Jean was dreaming he was far away from
;

from the room unnoticed and tremblingly wandering in fields

the administrator's office,
got the longed-for gold into his hands felt — of his own, his children happy and free,
—
it, hard, chill, gold, yellow tyrant that rules Barbette bustling in their own cabin; he
the world and tortures its subjects at will. would die and go to purgatory, thankful.
The old man paused for the first time; how The manager was speaking in the sonorous
could he explain to Barbette and the boys? voice which he assumed for official matters
—
Would they know he was a a thief? What "Jean Lesage — 'one hundred and fifty
would Barbette say? Dear, faithful, bent- dollars.' Jean, you are still in debt!"
 SCIENCE AND RACE
By Jacques Loeb, M.D., Ph.D. (Leipzig)
Hon. D.
[Dr. Jacques Loeb, head of the Depart-
ment of Experimental Biology in the Rocke-
feller Institute for Medical Research, New
York known scien-
City, is one of the best
tists in the world. He was born in Germany
in 1859, educated at Berlin, Munich and
Strassburg, and has held chairs at Strass-
burg, Wurzburg, Geneva, Bryn Mawr, Chi-
cago, and California universities. He is the
author of numerous books and articles and
speaks, therefore, with unusual authority.]
1. Civilization a Question of Science.
In former ages civilization was a question
of speculation, of poetry and philosophy,
and any enthusiast could add what was con-
sidered a contribution. In our present, and
in the future more, that which we call
still
be based on knowledge, not
civilization will
on sentiment, not on speculation, and not on
poetry. Science is a matter of method; it
does not require genius to be a scientist, but
you must have the scientific method and in
addition simple common sense, the power of
application and consecutive thought. From
my experience with pupils I have found that
the number of those who are not fitted to
work out a problem and make a contribu-
tion to science is extremely small if they only
are taught the proper method, if they only
realize that what they have to use in addi-
tion to the method is common sense. On
basis I venture to say that in a short time
everything that is considered to-day as a
special race or nation will have its share in
the development of science, and I am firmly
convinced that the conditions that will be
found in the different scientific contributions
will depend not so much on the question of
races and nations as on the question of the
dominance of the war power. People who
have money to apply to education, if they
are taught the methods of scientific research,
if they are not impoverished by excessive
armaments and wars, will rapidly make con-
tributions to science. The fact that Amei'ica,
in spite of its youth, goes ahead so rapidly
is tosome extent due to the fact that we have
not an oppressive army. France, once the
leading nation in science, has gone back in
comparison to oilier nations for the reason
that the army devours the money which
Se. (Cantab.)
should go to universities. I have friends in
Austria who write me that their universities
suffer because there is no money. Civiliza-
tion to-day is not a race question; it is a
question of the application of the energy of
nations or communities to the development
of science and its applications.
2. Assumption of Race Supremacy Rests
on no Scientific Ground.
Wehave heard a good deal about inferior
races, the white races being superior, the
Negro being inferior, and similar things.
Biology has not in a single case been con-
sulted, and if it had been consulted there are
no data to-day to confirm any such sweeping
statement. Each character is inherited indi-
vidually. The pigment of the skin and the
shape of the eyes or nose have absolutely
nothing to do with the intellectual power.
They are inherited independently of each
other, as those of you who may have read
about Mendel's laws of heredity are well
aware. We do not even know the mechanism
of that what we call mental power and the
mechanisms which determine the heredity of
the mental and moral faculties. How in the
world can anybody stand up to-day and say,
"We believe the Negro is incapable of devel-
opment; among the races of India only the
this so-called Aryans are capable of develop-
ment'"? Or by what right can they say that
the Aryans of India, if they are colored
brown, are as different from the white Ar-
yans as the Negro, as far as intelligence and
the possibility of progress is concerned? I
protest that there is absolutely no basis for
saying that the color of the skin or the shape
of the eyes, or any other bodily characteristic
has anything to do with the intellectual or
moral inferiority of an individual or a race.
Moreover, we know this, that talent is not a
question of race but of strain or family.
For instance, talent for music, talent for
drawing, talent for mathematical work, lit-
erary talent, may occur in any race. These
belong to special strains. We cannot say
anything definite as to how they originate.
It is possible, according to some experiments,
that we are dealing in such cases with hered-
itary mutations. The main fact is that you

SCIENCE AND RACE
find talented strains, as far as our experience
goes, in different races. That is a principle
which must not be overlooked. It is con-
trary to science to say that, "You are Ne-
groes, you are inferior; do not mind if we
put you into a 'Jim Crow car.' " I think
the dignity of humanity is hurt by such an
attitude.
3. The Blight of Oppression.
In any community where one group tries
to oppress another group the remedy has to
be applied primarily to the oppressing
group, not to the oppressed group. How to
educate the Negro? What have we got to
do? Why, Negro as a human be-
treat the
ing, give him justice. But the question is,
what are we going to do with the oppressor?
That is a serious problem. Let me point out
to you one fact which I think is not a mere
accident. We have had in history a number
of cases where one group oppressed another.
Look what it has led to. A wonderful ex-
ample is Spain. In Spain, through the dom-
inance of the Catholic Church, as you know,
the Jews were expelled in 1492. Spain has
never amounted to much since. On account
of the vengeance of the gods ? Scarcely but ; are superior to the mixed race. As a matter
on account of another fact. The group that
was capable of doing that thing was an in-
ferior group, a group of oppressors. They
are usually a mentally and morally deficient
group. Spain has suffered from the domina-
tion, not of its best elements but of those
elements which were at the time the most ig-
norant, the most cruel. You have a similar
case in Russia to-day, and Russia has a sim-
ilar problem. All these problems of oppres-
sion of one group by another are economic
in their last analysis. Wherever you find
such oppression as exists in Russia to-day
you also may be sure that the ruling element
is morally and intellectually the weakest in
the country.
We come to the South: I do not know
whether there is a connection, but if you
compare the North with the South and take
the statistics of contributions to scientific
development you will notice that the univer-
sities in the South have contributed consid-
erably less than the northern universities.
—
93
The solution of the Negro problem lies in
this fact when the South gets rid of its
:
Bleases and similar unspeakable personali-
ties, and when it strengthens its universities
and encourages productive scholarship, as it
should, when it builds up from the higher
state universities the rest of the school sys-
tem, then the Negro question will be par-
tially solved too, because it is the problem
of the ascendancy of the morally and intel-
lectually strong element in the South. The
problem of racial prejudice is part of the
problem of the oppression of the many by
a parasitic minority.
4. Racial Intermarriage.
have been thinking about this matter in
I
connection with the situation in California,
where I understand that they are trying to
pass a law making it a felony for a white
person and a Japanese to intermarry. And
I was asked whether there was any biological
reason to show that such intermarriage
would have bad results. It has been stated
that the mixtures between white and black
are an inferior breed that the pure breeds
;
the pure black and the pure white breed
of fact, biology has nothing in support of
that position, but we have some definite facts
which show that in certain cases the hybrid
issuperior to both parent races. Such ex- .
periments have been reported by Shull, East,
and Burbank. When we cross two breeds of
fishes we get in some cases an offspring
which is much
hardier than either of the
parent races. So you have a number of
cases in which it is found that the offspring
is superior to the pure breed.
It would be wrong to say that in each
case the result of a mixture of races is better
than the pure breed. That is true in some
cases, in other cases the opposite is true.
But the fact that in a number of cases the
mixture yields results that are superior to
both parent breeds is enough to show the
absurdity of the sweeping statement that the
intermixing of races should be considered a
felony. Laws on these topics should rest
on careful experiments and not on fanatic
sentiments.
 —

THE BURDEN
COLORED MEN AND WOMEN Negro labor wherever it was possible to do
LYNCHED WITHOUT TRIAL so or, in other words, he has not used union
labor except in such cases as it was impos-
1885 ... 78 1900 107
sible to get the work otherwise done. In
1886 . .. 71 1901 107
further justice to himself would appreciate
1887 ..80 1902 86
a reply from him in these columns.
1888 .. 95 1903 86
"Sincerely yours,
1889 .. 95 1904 83
"T. J. Lytle."
1890 .. 90 1905 61 m
1891 .. 121 1906 64 May I submit to you an incident occurring
1892 .. 155 1907 60 on Tuesday following Emancipation Cele-
1893 .. 154 1908 93 bration in this city? I am employed as
1894 .. 134 1909 73 chemist for Glenn and Selzer in the heart of
1895 .. 112 1910 65 the city who are reliable in ever sense, and
1896 .. 80 1911 63 it is a credit to be connected with such a

1897 .. 122 1912 63 firm. The employees had repeatedly used

1898 .. 102
1899 . . 84 1914, 10 months.
Total ..
TN the July Crisis we published a most
A diverting tale from Kentucky of a col-
ored man who was to define "jeopardized."
He answered after thought that the word
"would refer to any act committed by a
jeopard."
We have since received
"Dear Sir:
"In your July issue of
the topic 'Opinion/you say that the answer
to jeopardize, according to the Saturday
Evening Post, was given by a Negro.
"It was given as you have stated it, but
by a white man, Orville Stivers, who was or
is county superintendent of schools for Jef-
ferson County. "S. Board." V
We beg Mr. Stivers' pardon.
From a Shreveport, La., daily paper:
"In justice to the voters of the City of
Shreveport, and especially to the laboring
class, as well as Mr. Leon I. Kahn, who is
running for Superintendent of Public Utili-
ties, to be voted upon next Thursday, the
24th, I would like to ask Mr. Kahn as to
whether or not he has always used union
labor in the building of and repairs to the
different property in the city which he con-
trols.
"It has been persistently rumored upon
the street that he has used non-union and
1913 79 the word "nigger" and "coon" in my pre-
44 sence after learning why I lost my previous
position. Many of my
Negro friends fol-
C
2.707 lowed me to the Glenn and Selzer store to
deal with me. On the above morning a
clerk came to me soon after I went on duty
and said, "Every nigger in town was at Luna
Park yesterday." I asked him not to speak
of them in such terms and walked away;
fifteen minutes later he came up to me again
and said, "All the coons were out at Luna
this letter: yesterday," and as he said it I quickly gave
him a punch in the nose and eye. The pro-
The Crisis under prietors gave him so many hours to apolo-
gize or go home. When he did I took his
hand saying, "I accept your apology in be-
half of the 20,000 Negroes in Cleveland; as
for myself a man like you can't insult me."
A
delegation of prominent Negroes here
in connection with the Negro State fair,
with President J. E. Dudley of the A. and
M. College for Negroes at Greensboro, called
on the Corporation Commission to-day to
"Sept. 19, 1914. make formal complaint as to the "Jim Crow"
service that the railroad companies are fur-
nishing Negroes who travel.
Their principal complaint is that the rail-
road companies are using old wooden cars
for the "Jim Crow" service and sandwiching
them between the big steel coaches for the
white people and the steel express and mail
cars and powerful locomotives where, in case
of wrecks, they are smashed and the lives
and limbs of the Negroes far more greatly
imperiled than any others on the train.
Norfolk (Va.) Pilot.

THE BURDEN
The local republican campaign folder is
being issued this week by the county central
committee, distinguished by a further affront
to the colored voters of the county and by
several bits of humor.
The folder has the picture of every can-
didate for county and legislative office, with
two exceptions. One is C. J. Karbach, can-
didate for senator, who is not being enthu-
siastically supported by some of his col-
leagues. The other is J. W. Long for state
representative, the sole Negro candidate on
the republican ticket.
"Oh, Long couldn't take time to have his
picture taken," was County Chairman Tho-
mas' explanation. "He's very busy as porter
on the Burlington and couldn't get to it."
Omaha (Neb.) World-Herald.
"At Albany, Ga., some days ago I went
into the lunch room at the railway station
and at the news counter —not at the lunch
counter —requested The white
a purchase.
girl in charge looked up and with all the
contempt possible pointed to the door and
said: 'Get out of here.' I asked if Negroes
were not allowed to make purchases at the
news stand and she said, 'Get out of here.'
I went.
"I immediately wrote the Parker News
Agency enquiring whether she interpreted
the policy of the company toward its Negro
patrons. The enclosed is the company's
ply. "Wm. H. Holloway.
Talladega, Ala."
"The treatment accorded you, as described
in your letter, is not at all in line with the
Company's policy concerning Negro cus-
its
tomers. It is the purpose of the manage-
ment to extend a friendly reception to
groes desiring to purchase such things as
are sold at our several places of business,
which do not require service at our counters
and tables. We note from your letter that
you did not expect service of this latter char-
acter. Any Negro entering any of our places
of business is welcome to check parcels, pur-
chase any articles of merchandise, and such
articles of food and drink as can be taken
from the place so as not to be served at the
counter or the tables.
"We regret very much that any employee
of ours has acted in any measure offensive,
and the incident reported will receive
careful attention, and be thoroughly inves-
tigated.
"The Parker Railway News Co."
— —
95
'We are unable to compose an altogether
satisfactory comment on this matter.
In the July, 1913, number of The Crisis
is the story of a colored teacher. The author,
a white man of wide experience and sound
judgment, calls Laurence Jones "well edu-
cated" and "thoroughly equipped." Mr.
Jones is a graduate and honor man of the
Iowa State University and he has, to quote
Mr. B. T. Washington, done at Braxton,
Miss., a "big definite piece of constructive
work."
Now read this from the Mankato, Minne-
sota, Morning Journal:
"Laurence C. Jones, a colored gentleman
from Mississippi, arrived in the city at a
late hour Monday night, for the purpose of
doing a little work in Mankato for a school
at Braxton, Miss., of which he is principal.
Upon seeking a hotel, or room for the night,
Mr. Jones was refused admittance at the
various hotels, also the Y. M. C. A. Not
wishing to wander the street he preferred to
go to the police station where he put up with
the iron bunk the best he could."
The Journal says, sympathetically, "It
seemed a little rough." A little rough!
"When the black man is being kicked
around like some hound dog, I am often in-
clined to give him just a few kicks myself,
re-
for I know that, in many instances he
brought it upon himself. . . .
Negro were permitted to
."If the average
do he would climb right out of the ditch
so,
into a Pullman Palace Car, and fight the first
man who even looked as if he didn't like it.
He is under the impression that if he pays
Ne- his fare or rides on a pass, that he is not
required to be decent in dress and conduct,
and mindful of the rights and feelings of
others, but that a ticket or pass gives him
permission to trample upon other people's
rights and make a general fool of himself."
—Dr. Socrates in St. Luke's Herald.
"We are deeply indebted to the ladies who
were the instigation of such good books fall-
ing into our hands as was landed at our
office a few weeks ago. It brings tears to
the eyes on nearly every page. It will be a
our more splendid day for our race, when more
of us wake up to feed the intellect on good
christian reading-matter " Colored Church-
man, Luray, Va.
 ! ~

96 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

How Much Is
Your Life Worth?
If you had to sell your chance of living and following your business, or
providing for your family as long as you expect to live, how much would you
take for your chance?
You earn, say, one thousand or two thousand dollars a year. If you
knew that at a certain time you must lay down your work and die, and you
were given the privilege of collecting as many years' salary in advance as you
thought your wife would need to keep her and the kiddies going, how many
years' salarywould you collect? Would you stop at just one thousand or just
two thousand as the case may be? Don't you think right now that you are
worth more than one year's income to your family? Of course you do. But
if you should die this year, next month, next week, tomorrow or today, how
much of your next year's income and the succeeding years' income have you
your family? You ought to begin right now to make advance collections
left
on your next year's income. You can do this only by procuring life insurance
to the limit of your ability to pay the premiums.
At age 35, for instance, a Twenty-Payment policy for $1,000 would cost
only $32.25 a year. This is less than $3.00 a month. If you died the next day
after you received this policy and paid the first premium, your beneficiaries
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Maybe you have some insurance already. If you have, it means that you
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If your life is worth anything to anybody, keep it fully insured.
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;

and how much longer she might have lived! Your boy will feel the same
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Mention Thb Crisis

 —

THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 97

THE FACTS OF RECONSTRUCTION

By MAJOR JOHN R. LYNCH
What some of the readers of this wonderful book say about it
"I am prepared say with all candor that
to our National history that I shall recommend its
your book contains the clearest, most unbiased, adoption here as a book to be especially reported
comprehensive and satisfactory narrative of the
Reconstruction period and its happenings that I
on by our classes in American history." Prof.
T. G. Steward, Professor of History, Wilbei-
—
Charlotte, N. C.
—
have ever read." Bishop George W. Clinton, force University.
"The value of this book lies in its careful
"It certainly embodies a plain and unbiased statements and verified facts; an unusual phe-
statement of the facts of Reconstruction." nomenon when dealing with subjects pertaining
Bishop C. S. Smith, Detroit. to the Reconstruction. I read it and immediately
re-read it, which is the highest compliment I can
"To the charm of a singularly lucid
ous style you have unconsciously added the lit-
and vigor-
—
pay any book." Dr. Charles E. Bently, Chicago.
erary beauty that comes from an intimate per- "I have read with great pleasure your well
sonal acquaintance with the facts narrated, timed and valuable presentation of The Facts of
viewed with unprejudiced eye and with the Reconstruction. * * * In judicial temper and
wide sweeping vision that notes their correla- accurate statement, you have justified the high
tion to the evolution of our National life."
esteem with which you were regarded during the
Rev. John Albert Williams, Omaha.
T. Greener, Chicago.
—
eventful period by both parties." Prof. Richard
"The author sweepingly refutes the claim that "In The Facts of Reconstruction by Major
the party in power at that time blundered by John R. Lynch, we find that rare combination of
making the Negro a fellow citizen of the Re- memories verified by facts and impressions, sup-
public with the same measure of rights, priv- ported by both logic and history. An up-to-date
ileges and prerogatives enjoyed by all others."
Rev. J. C. Anderson, D. D., Chicago.
book written by a scholar and a patriot." Dr.
George C. Hall, Chicago.
—
"I regard your book on Reconstruction as the "Your book gives me information I have been
best I have seen upon that subject. I consider
it so important a contribution to that period of
searching for over twenty-five years." Dr. A.
Wilberforce Williams, Chicago.
—
This book ought to be in every home It is suitable for a Christmas, New Year, birthday or
wedding present.
Price $1.50. By mail $1.65
Address: Major John R. Lynch, 4321 Forestville Ave., Chicago, 111.

Publisher's Chat
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ers. -This is War Relief at home.

The January CRISIS cover will carry an unpublished portrait

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 !

98 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

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NEW YORK A. Kelsey, Chiropodist, President and Gen'l Manager.

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REGALIA
The Crisis Calendar for 1915
A Race Enterprise
Containing a quotation from a Negro writer for Manufacturing Badges,
each week in the new year and historic dates in Banners and Supplies
each month which will be of especial interest to for all Fraternal and
you. Church Societies. Cat-
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THE CRISIS Jos. L. Jones, Pre*.
70 Fifth Avenue :: :; :: New York N. E. Corner 8th and Plum Streets, Cincinnati, Ohio

Mention The Crisis

 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 101

Atlanta University
Studies of the
WANTED
A Negro business partner with $6,000 capital and
a practical knowledge of agriculture and stock raising
to take full charge of and live on a 326-acre improved

Negro Problems farm, located 5 miles from the thriving town of Bow
Island, Alberta. Place is level, free from stone,
well watered and soil of rich chocolate loam pro-
17 Monographs Sold Separately ducing the best cereal and root products in the world.
Coal, $2 per ton at mine 4 miles distant. Bow Island
Address is the center of the world's greatest natural gas field.
School, one-half mile. Mixed settlement of Belgian,
ATLANTA UNIVERSITY CONFERENCE Scotch, English, Swedish and Canadian farmers. No
race prejudice. Climate modified by winds from the
ATLANTA UNIVERSITY ATLANTA. GA. Pacific and especially adapted to stock raising. Win-
ters are often open. Growing season April 1st to
September 15th. Average rainfall, 17 inches. Di-
rect transportation facilities east to Ft. William mar-
ket and west to Lethbridge and the mining and lumber
centers of the rich Crow Nest Pass. Land in this
district brought $30 per acre at auction in 1910 and
The Curse of Race Prejudice is assessed at $24, 1914, without improvements. Will
accept "clean cut" man of family with above required
By James F. Morton, Jr., A. M. experience and capital as full partner in ownership
of land and invest $3,000 of the $6,000 in silos, root
An aggressive exposure by an Anglo-Saxon cham- cellars, sheds and young hogs, calves, brood mares and
pion of equal rights. Startling facts and crushing poultry, mutually sharing the ownership of and profits
arguments. Fascinating reading. A necessity for therefrom. Have 25 acres especially prepared for al-
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clear understanding and up-to-date propaganda. Be-
root products for general stock food; 200 acres of
longs in the library of every friend of social justice.
especially fine meadow pasture. Those without the
Price 25 cents. Send orders to "goods" will save time and embarrassment. As a
recommendation to the right party will say I tackled
JAMES F. MORTON, JR. opportunity in this district eight years ago with pluck
and perseverance as my only capital and have wit-
211 West 138th Street New York,
-:- N. Y. nessed a broad expanse of prairie blossom into an
improved farm district while acquiring this estate,
ill health and a multitude of discouragements not-
withstanding.
D. BROWER,
The Poems of Phillis Wheatley Address: L.
5109 Frantz Ave., So.,
the early Negro poetess collected by Minneapolis, Minn.

RICHARD R. WRIGHT, JR., and

CHARLOTTE CROGMAN WRIGHT
and arranged in an attractive volume suitable for a Xmas
gift.
Price, One Dollar PMKOS-PLflYERPMNOS
THE CRISIS Fa dam TO Home
70 Fifth Avenue :: :: :: New York

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the first customer in each locality /ify
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Address: ARTHUR SCHOMBURG,

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Mention The Crisis
102 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

LEGAL DIRECTORY PERSONAL CARDS

Telephone 5277 Morningside
T.i.n fc n .,... Central 104-W
Telephones: DR. GERTRUDE
E. CURTIS
MaJn 61
Surgeon Dentist
HARRY E. DAVIS 188 W. 135th Street New York City
Attorn ey-at-Law Notaky Public
1607 Williamson Building Cleveland, Ohio
WILLIAM
L. BELL
Architect
Office L. D.Telephone 3297 Market
138 y* Auburn Avenue Atlanta, Ga,
Residence L. D. Telephone S277-M Market
GEORGE A. DOUGLAS
Counselor-at-Law
E. ALDAMA JACKSON
Graduate Institute of Musical Art, Organist and Director
Rooms 613-614, Metropolitan Building of Music St. Mark's M. E. Church
113 Market St., Cor. Washington, Newark, N. J.
Teacher of Theory and Piano
Theory course embraces elementary and advanced
Harmony or Counterpoint.
General Practice Notary Public Private or Class Work
WILLIAM R. MORRIS Studio : 30 W. 132d STREET, NEW YORK CITY
Attorney and Counselor-at-Law
1020 Metropolitan Life Building
Minneapolis Minn. J. E. ORMES
Audits
ACCOUNTANT Systems
BROWN S. SMITH Business information by mail. Open for
Attorney-at-Law engagements July and August
Offices: Suite 802 Sykes Block Box 25, Wilberforce University
Wilberforce, O.
Near Third and Hennepin
Minneapolis Minn.

Telephone 4214 Greeley

GEORGE W. MITCHELL BRANIC'S EXPRESS
Attorney-at-Law ANDREW BRANIC, Proprietor
J.

Philadelphia
908 Walnut Street
Pa.
Packing and Shipping — Goods Forwarded to All Parts
of the World
Orders by mail or 'phone receive prompt attention.
Trunks stored, 25c. per month.
Tel. 5437 Fort Hill Cable Address, Epben
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Attorney and Counselor-at-Law WANTED
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70 Fifth Avenue, New York.
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W. Ashbie Hawkins George W. F. McMechen
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Maloney Block Youngstown, Ohio we will give you a complete suit
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Don't wait. Don't delay. Write
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THOMAS W. HOLMES mii name and address on it.

Attorney-at-Law Paragon Tailoring Co.

Dept, 1251 CHICAGO
3^ Decatur Street Atlanta, Georgia

Mention The Crisis

To the Masonic Fraternity

The CRISIS has the honor to announce the

publication of the most important book on
Negro Masonry since Upton's epoch-making
work; and the only book written by an au-
thority from our own point of view.

THE AUTHOR
is

George W. Crawford, 32°

A graduate of Tuskegee, Talladega and Yale, formerly
clerk of the Probate Court of New Haven and now a
practicing lawyer there. Mr. Crawford is one of the best
informed masons in the country.

THE BOOK
is

Prince Hall and His Followers

And is a carefully argued defense of the legitimacy of
Negro Masonry in the United States, with notes and
documents.
READY NOW
Price One Dollar. Postage Extra.

ORDER NOW AGENTS WANTED

THE CRISIS
70 Fifth Avenue :: :: New York

Mention The Crisis

These prices do not include postage. Postage extra.

The Quest of the Silver Fleece. (W. E. B. Du Bois) $1.35

House Behind the Cedars. (Charles W. Chesnutt) 1.50

Hazel. (Mary White Ovington) 1.00

The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. (Anonymous) 1.20

Lyrics of Lowly Life. (Paul Laurence Dunbar) 1.25

The Marrow of Tradition. (Charles W. Chesnutt) 1.50

The Sport of the Gods. (Paul Laurence Dunbar) 1.50

Norris Wright Cuney. (Maud Cuney Hare) 1.50

A Narrative of the Negro. (Leila Amos Pendleton) 1.50

Souls of Black Folk. (W. E. B. Du Bois) 1.25

Race Adjustment. (Kelly Miller) 2.00

History of the Negro. (B. G. Brawley) 1.25

Half a Man. (Mary White Ovington) 1.00

Mind of Primitive Man. (Franz Boas) 1.50

Aftermath of Slavery. (William Sinclair) 1.50

John Brown. (W. E. B. Du Bois) 1.25

Necko in American History. (J. W. Cromwell) 1.25

Prince Hall and His Followers. (George W. Crawford) 1.00
Liberia. (Frederick Starr) 1.00

Facts of Reconstruction. (John R. Lynch) 1.50

Story of the Negro. 2 Volumes. (Booker T. Washington) 3.00

Masterpieces of Negro Eloquence. (Alice Moore Dunbar, Editor) 2.50

Poems of Paul Laurence Dunbar 2.00

The African Abroad. 2 Volumes. (William H. Ferris) 5.00

Afro-American Folksongs. (H. E. Krehbiel) 2.00

Out of the House of Bondage. (Kelly Miller) 1.50

The Colored Inventor. (Henry E. Baker) 15

A Child's Story of Dunbar. (Julia L. Henderson) 25

Address
THE CRISIS
70 Fifth Avenue :: :: New York City

Mention Thi C«i»is

 [/ - I

/? "mjnois

Hew
Sear

Crisis

One Dollar a Year Ten Cents a Copy

"Out of the House of Bondage"
The latest and greatest book from the pen of

PROFESSOR KELLY MILLER

"No man of his race has so sure a power of prunning falacies with passionless
intellectual severity." —Boston Transcript.
"The man searches deeply into underlying causes."—St. Joseph, Mo., News-Press.

"A philosophic treatise."— Charlotte, N. C, Observer.

"No student of social conditions of America at the present time will want to fail to see
it —
on his shelves." Southern Workman.

242 Pages. Price $1.50.

Agents Wanted Everywhere

Address: Prof. KELLY MILLER, Howard University

Washington, D. C.

Provident Hospital and Training School

for Colored Nurses
Aim: To keep its technic equal to the best
Founded 1891

The first training school for colored

nurses in this country, Freedman's
excepted.
Comprises a training school for
nurses, hospital, dispensary, and
thoroughly equipped children's depart-
ment; when funds are ample, post-
graduate work may be undertaken.
The hospital is open to all. The
races co-operate in the board of
trustees, in the medical staff and in
administration; the institution is the
only one of its kind in which a colored
man may act as interne.
Cost of buildings and equipment,
$100,000; free from debt. Endowment,
$50,000, contributed mostly by wills
made by colored men. Additional en-
dowment needed, $50,000.
The nurses' course covers three
years; training and instruction given
by both races, according to the highest
36th and Dearborn Sts., Chicago, 111. modern standards.

Mention The Crisis

THE CRISIS
A RECORD OF THE DARKER RACES
PUBLISHED BY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF
COLORED PEOPLE, AT 70 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY
Conducted by
W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS
AUGUSTUS GRANVILLE DILL, Business Manager

Contents Copyrighted, 1914, by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Contents for January, 1915

PICTURES
COVER PICTURE. An unpublished portrait of the late Aida Overton
Walker. Loaned by Mr. R. G. Doggett. Page
BLACK SOLDIERS AT THE BATTLE OF MARNE 130-131
CINQUE OF THE AMISTAD. After the engraving by Sartain 139

ARTICLES
TO KEEP THE MEMORY OF CHARLOTTE FORTEN GRIMKE.
A Poem. By Angelina W. Grimke 134
IN THE MATTER OF TWO MEN. A Poem. By James D. Corrothers. 138
THE STORY OF THE AMISTAD. By Susan E. W. Jocelyn 139
SENATOR TILLMAN TO THE EDITOR OF THE MARYLAND
"SUFFRAGE NEWS" 140
SEGREGATION. By M. W. Ovington. 142

DEPARTMENTS
ALONG THE COLOR LINE Ill
MEN OF THE MONTH 116
OPINION 119
EDITORIAL 129
THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF
COLORED PEOPLE 135
THE BURDEN 145

TEN CENTS A COPY; ONE DOLLAR A YEAR

FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS TWENTY-FIVE CENTS EXTRA
RENEWALS: When a subscription blank is attached to this page a renewal of your subscrip-
tion is desired. The date of the expiration of your subscription will be found on the wrapper.
CHANGE OF ADDRESS: The address of a subscriber can be changed as often as desired.
In ordering a change of address, both the old and the new address must be given. Two weeks'
notice is required.

MANUSCRIPTS and drawings relating to colored people are desired. They must be accom-
panied by return postage. If found unavailable they will be returned.

Entered as Second-class Matter in the Post Office at New York, N. Y.

 :

108 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

Atlanta University MOREHOUSE COLLEGE

Is beautifully located in the City of Atlanta.
Ga. The courses of study include High
School, Normal School and College, with
manual training and domestic science. Among
the teachers are graduates of Yale, Harvard,
Dartmouth and Wellesley. Forty-five years
of successful work have been completed.
Students come from all parts of the South.
Graduates are almost universally successful.
For further information address
President EDWARD T. WARE
(Formerly Atlanta Baptist College)
ATLANTA, GA.
Academy, Divinity School
College,
An institution famous within recent years
for its emphasis on all sides of manly develop-
—
ment the only institution in the far South
devoted solely to the education of Negro
young men.
« Graduates given high ranking by greatest
northern universities. Debating, Y. M. C. A.,
athletics, all live features.

ATLANTA, GA. For information address

JOHN HOPE, President

Knoxville College ST. MARY'S SCHOOL

Healthful Location.
Beautiful Situation. An Episcopal boarding and day school for
The Best Moral and Spiritual Environ- girls, under the direction of the Sisters of St.
ment. A
Splendid Intellectual Atmos- Mary. Address
phere. Noted for Honest and Thorough THE SISTER-IN-CHARGE
Work. 611 N. 43d St. W. Philadelphia, Pa.
Offers full courses in the following departments:
College, Normal, High School, Grammar School and
Industrial.
Good water, steam heat, electric lights, good drain-
AVOID BAD SCHOOLS
Expenses very reasonable.
Educate your children at home under our expert teachers
age.
Opportunity for self-help. Courses for Adults
Fall Term Began September, 1914. Pupils received at any time. Write to
For information address
Educational Extension School, Box 3194 Station F, Washington, D. C.
President R. W. McGRANAHAN Highly Endorsed. Financially Responsible.
KNOXVILLE, TENN.

THE GENERAL
HOSPITAL
The Agricultural and SCHOOL FOR
NURSES
Mechanical College Colored Department
Moral atmosphere and home in-
fluences. Thoroughly modern
training. Eight hour duty. Prac-
experience under Profes-
Maintained by the govern- tical
sional guidance. Laboratory,
Surgical, Medical
ments of North Carolina and Obstetrical,
and Contagious cases. Scientific
instruction in Dietetics. Special
of the United States. Open private nursing. Graduates eligi-
ble to State Registration and
all the year round. For National Red Cross Nursing
Service. Address,
males only. Fall term be- MISS HARRIET LECK, Principal. KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI.
gan September i, 19 14.
Board, lodging and tuition, Enroll now in the
$7 per month. Best oppor- BEREAN MANUAL TRAINING
tunities for Negro youth.
and Industrial School
Night school for indigent
but ambitious young men. SOUTH COLLEGE AVENUE, Opposite Girard College

For catalog or further infor- PHILADELPHIA, PA.

mation, address
Winter Term opens Monday, January 4th,

PRESIDENT DUDLEY 1915

1st,
;

1915.
Spring Term opens Thursday, April

A. & M. College Greensboro, N. C. MATTHEW ANDERSON, D. D.,

Principal
Mention The Crisis
 :

THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 109

The National Religious Training School

"I cordially commend the school's interest and needs to all who believe
in the Negro race and in our obligation to help promote its intellectual, moral
and religious uplift."
— Rev. Dr. Charles H. Parkhurst, New York City.

IT IS MORE THAN A MERE SCHOOL

IT IS A COMMUNITY OF SERVICE AND UPLIFT
Its influence is destined to be felt in all sections of the country in improved
Negro community life wherever our trained workers locate.
Settlement workers, missionaries for home and foreign mission fields, Y. M. C. A.
and Y. W. C. A. secretaries and district nurses receive a comprehensive grasp of their
studies under a Wellesley graduate and experienced co-workers and actual every-day
practice through the school's SOCIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT.
We aim also to create a better qualified ministry.
Industrial training, advanced literary branches, business school.
Thirty-two acres ten modern buildings healthful location.
; ;

We can accommodate a few more earnest, ambitious students.

Communities requiring social workers should write us.

For catalog and detailed information address

PRESIDENT JAMES E. SHEPARD
National Religious Training School Durham, N. C.
The school has no endowment fund and must raise a yearly maintenance fund
of $15,000 for running expenses. Won't you help us this year?

The Cheyney Training School for Teachers

CHEYNEY, PENNSYLVANIA

Under the management of the Society of Friends. Beautifully located,

healthful, well appointed, and within easy reach of a great variety of educa-
tional institutions, public and private, extending from West Chester to
Philadelphia; representing a wide range of educational problems and
practice.

This school offers to young colored men and women who have a reasonable
secondary school preparation, and who earnestly desire to become teachers,
carefully graded courses in academic work, domestic science, domestic art,
manual crafts For teachers of experience and intending
and agriculture.
teachers it summer-school course during the months
offers also a six weeks'
of July and August. Tuition is free. Board, lodging, heat, light and
laundry privileges are offered for nine months for $100. The charge for
the same during the summer-school course is $15. Write for particulars to

LESLIE PINCKNEY HILL, Principal

Mention The Crisis

110 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

WILEY UNIVERSITY The February

CRISIS
MARSHALL, TEXAS
will be
Recognized as a college of the First Class KNOXVILLE NUMBER
by Texas and Louisiana State Boards of
Education. Harvard, Yale and Columbia
represented on its faculty students gath-
DO YOU ADVERTISE?
;

ered from ten different states. If you want to bring your business to the atten-
tion of 150,000 discriminating readers advertise

Strongest Music Department in the West

in THE CRISIS. Advertising rate cards will
be sent on application.
M. W. DOGAN, President
The Crisis
70 Fifth Avenue - - New York
MANY MORE TEACHERS Learn by mail to cut and make modern, hang-well pants
are needed to supply the demands upon us. Hundreds of
experienced or well-prepared teachers can join us to their of any style.
advantage. We can place you if you can be placed.
Full course - $5 Cutting only - $3
THE NATIONAL TEACHERS' AGENCY Stovel's Modern Pants Making School, Ancon, Canal Zone
B. F. BOWLES, Manager
2739 CONVERSE AVE. EAST ST. LOUIS, ILL.

OF INTEREST TO VOCAL STUDENTS

TONE-PLACING AND
VOICE- DEVELOPMENT
Points explained, vi2. Breath in :

Singing, Trying the Voice, the

Soprano, the Mezzo-Soprano, the
Contralto, Tenor Leggiero or High
Tenor, the Baritone, the Bass,
Parts of the Vocal Apparatus, the
Mouth, the Tongue, Position when
Practising, Position when Singing,
How to Practice, Good Rules for
Singing.
Comment from the conductor of the Paulist Chor-
isters, the celebrated choral society which received
the first prize awarded at the International Singing
Contest held in Paris on May 25, 1912:
"Dear Mr. Tinsley:
"I take great pleasure in commending your very
useful and succinctly written book on 'Tone-Placing
and Voice-Development.' Your own appreciation of
the psychology of singing and the fundamental prin-
ciples of the art you have cleverly reduced to a
simple system. Cordially yours,
"Father WILLIAM
J. FINN, C. S. P.,
Director Paulist Choristers of Chicago."
From "Musical Courier," N. Y. "A very practical:

littlebook is 'Tone-Placing and Voice-Development,'

by Pedro T. Tinsley. It contains some very excellent
material and vocal exercises, and should be in the
hands of allvocal students."
"A Mother's Love"
From "Music News," Chicago, 111.: "Accordingly is the title of one of our five new Negro pictures, just
his 'Practical Method of Singing' is a most concise off the press. It portrays a beautiful young colored
and practical little manual, containing many valuable mother fondling her sturdy babe. Painted in 12
voeal exercises. It cannot fail to be helpful to all colors, it is rich and elegant, and every home should
ambitious vocal students." have a copy hanging on its wall. Write us for free
circular reproductions of our new pictures and terms
HELPED HIM GREATLY to agents. For 15 cents in stamps we will send
"Since I practised your exercises of 'Tone-Placing agent's 50 cent sample copy of "A Joyful Welcome
and Voice-Development' my voice is more resonant Into Heaven," the picture which our agents have sold
than it has been for years. It seems to me that I 25,000 copies of during the past few months. We
am getting a new voice." Prof. John T. Layton, make a specialty of enlarging photographs. Work
Director Coleridge-Taylor Musical Society, 1722 10th guaranteed the best and prices reasonable.
St., N. W., Washington, D. C.
PRICE $1.00
Agents Wanted Everywhere
Address the publisher: Pedro T. Tinsley, 6448 Drexel
Ave., Chicago, 111.or Clayton F. Summy, 64 E. Van
THE DOUGLAS SPECIALTIES CO.
;

Lyon & Healy, Adams and Wabash

Department K,
Buren St., or
Ave., Chicago, 111. 3548 Vernon Ave., Chicago, 111.

Mention The Crisis

 THECRISIS
Vol. 9 -No. 3 JANUARY,
MUSIC AND ART
THE reproduction of "The Adoration of
the Kings" by Jan Gossart which ap-
peared in the Christmas number of The
Crisis is one of a number of noted paintings
which make the figure of the adoring black
king one of prominence. The Antwerp Mu-
seum houses the "Adoration of the Magi,"
by Rubens, in which the Nubian slaves are
grouped by the side of the worshiping cam-
els and the African king is pictured parad-
ing in the center of the picture. In the
Louvre is seen, painted three years after, a
second picture by the same master, commis-
sioned for the Church of the Sisters of the
Annunciation in which the black king is
placed as the central figure.
q In Burne-Jones' "The Star of Bethle-
hem" the adoring Negro prince is the third
figure on the right. A painting of an unlike
subject, exhibited inVienna Gallery,
the
"The Four Quarters of the Globe," by Ru-
bens, symbolizes the quarters of the globe by
—
one of the great rivers the Danube, the
Nile, the Ganges and the Amazon. The riv-
ers are in turn symbolized by four male
figures with their beautiful female compan-
ions. Of "bronze-hued" loveliness are the
man and the maid that represent the Nile.
CJ A of unusual artistic excellence
recital
was that by Mr. Charles Burroughs of New
York in contemporary American and British
poetry and verse, given at the Berkley Thea-
tre, New York City, on November 6. Mr.
Burroughs has chosen from the most import-
ant authors of to-day, many distinctive
poems that divided his program into the fol-
1915 Whole No. 51
lowing sections — "The Way to Arcady,"
"The Ways of Love," "More Matter 'of
Fact," "A Variant Note," and "The Note of
the World." Mr. Burroughs was assisted by
Mr. A. Nathaniel Gross, pianist, Mr. Israel
Katz, violinist, and Mr. J. Joseph, accom-
panist.
q On November 12 in Stein-
the evening of
ert Hall,Boston, Mr. Roland Hayes, the
tenor whose beautiful voice gains in com-
municating power, gave a recital of songs,
classic and modern, before a very large and
enthusiastic audience. Mr. Hayes was as-
sisted by Mr. W. Howard, a student vio-
I.
linist of the New England Conservatory of
Music, and Miss Ruth Yeo and Mr. Charles
Harris, accompanists.
€| On November 30 Mr. Hayes sang at the
First Congregational Church at Nashua,
N. H.
q Mr. Hamish Mackay, a baritone who
comes to America with the declaration "to
spread the gospel of British, and particu-
larly Scottish music," gave a song recital at
Aeolian Hall, New York City, in November.
S. Coleridge-Taylor was one of the English
composers represented on his program.
q Musical America states that "Afro-Amer-
ican Folk Songs" was the subject of an ab-
sorbing lecture recently given by Mrs. Mar-
garet Millward at Public School 129,
Brooklyn.
q John M. McCormack, the celebrated Irish
tenor, who was heard in a recital on Novem-
ber 15 at the Academy of Music, Brooklyn,
N. Y., gave as one of his concluding songs
"Life and Death," by Coleridge-Taylor,
 : "

112 THE CRISIS

which was said to be one of the strongest voice was conspicuous for its beautiful qual-
numbers on the program. At Mr. McCor- ity. R. Nathaniel Dett, pianist, played his
mack's recital at Symphony Hall, Boston, own compositions, two suites, the 'Magno-
November 30, he presented Coleridge-Tay- lia' suite and 'In the Bottoms.' He also
lor's "You Lay So Still." conducted his anthem, 'Listen to the Lambs,'
CJ Boosey and Company announce among in which he has made effective use of the
their recent publications "The Rainbow Negro scale. Mr. White played pieces by
Child," by S. Coleridge-Taylor. Familiar Coleridge-Taylor and his own 'Berceuse.'
works by this composer are announced to be CJ Myrtle Wallace, a little eleven-year-old
given in England this season by the Ealing colored girl, of Vancouver, B. C, was award-
Philharmonic Society, Hither Green Choral ed a prize for water-color painting at the
and Orchestral Society, Central Croydon annual provincial exhibition recently held.
Choral Society, S. London Philharmonic So- CJ The tenth season at the Little Gallery of
ciety, and West Croydon District Society. 291 Fifth Avenue, New York City, opens
CJ Mr. Clarence C. White, violinist, of Bos- with an exhibition of statuary in wood by
ton, Mass., gave a recital at Wilberforce African savages. Hitherto such objects have
University on November 16. Miss Ida F. been housed in museums and studied for
Horton was the accompanist. ethnological interest.
CJ On November 23 Mr. Joseph H. Doug- CJ The Music School Settlement for Colored
lass gave a violin recital at Reedy Chapel, People, 4 and 6 West 131st Street, New
Galveston, Texas. York City, announces a series of lectures and
CJ The Atlanta University quartet with Mr. recitals. Among the lecturers who are vol-
Sidney Woodward, tenor, was heard in and unteering their services Miss Natalie
are
about Boston, Mass., during the week of Curtis, Miss Kitty Cheatham, Henry E.
November 16. A recital was given by the Krehbiel, Talcott Williams, Kurt Schindler,
quartet in the interest of the University at Howard Brockway, David Mannes, Walter
the home of the Misses Houghton, Cam- Damrosch, Thomas Mott Osborne, Canon C.
bridge, Mass., on the afternoon of Novem- W. Douglas, George McAneny, and W. E.
ber 16. B. DuBois.
CJ The Tuskegee Singers, assisted by Mr. CJ Mr. William M. Farrow, of Chicago, 111.,

Charles Winter Wood in dialect readings, won the first prize for his painting "A Bit
gave concerts in Texas during the month of of Catskill Mountains," at the art exhibit of
November, in the interest of Tuskegee Insti- the Montgomery County Art Association.
tute.
CJ Mme. Anita Patti-Brown, soprano, was
SOCIAL UPLIFT
heard with pleasure in Boston and surround-
rT^HE steamer "Liberia" is reported sunk
ing cities during the latter part of Novem-
* by Germans. The expedition left New
ber. York last spring and planned to settle on
CJ On November 13 the Clef Club Orchestra the Gold Coast of West Africa.
of New York gave a concert in the Academy CJ The Charleston County Medical Associa-
of Music, Philadelphia, Pa. The orchestra tion has submitted its annual report to the
was assisted by a chorus of 60 male voices Corporation »of the Hospital and Training
and presented a program of light music of School for Nurses in South Carolina.
syncopated melody. CJ Mr. Charles Robinson, an aged Creek
CJ A folk song concert of Afro-American Negro, of Tulsa County, Okla., is the father
music was given under the direction of Mme. of 42 children.
E. Azalia Hackley at Symphony Hall, Bos- CJ Miss Josephine Field, a 16-year-old col-

ton, Mass., on November 30. The soloists ored girl of Baltimore, Md., has won two
were Mr. R. Nathaniel Dett, pianist, of Two Dollar prizes offered by the Baltimore
Hampton, Va., and Mr. Clarence C. White, Evening News for prize stories.
violinist. Of the chorus of 200 voices the CJ Funds are being raised for the erection

Boston Herald said of a hospital for colored people in South

"The singing was remarkable for the
beauty, depth and richness of tone displayed.
There was precision, too, and spontaneity.
The leaders of these choruses were members
of church choirs. Among them Miss Allen's
Carolina. The white citizens of Columbia
and generally of the State of South Carolina
Negroes will raise
will raise $10,000 if the
an equal sum.
CJ Negro church folk of Chester, Pa., are
 ALONG THE COLOR LINE
fighting a neighboring' saloon. This is part
of a bitter fight against the place by the No-
License League.
€J Attorney William R. Stewart, of Youngs-
town, Ohio, moved the admission of a white
attorney to practise before the U. S. Su-
preme court. This is the first time in the
history of the court that a colored attorney
lias stood sponsor for a Caucasian.
f| The Progressive Negro League of Chi-
cago. 111., organized about two years ago,
now has a membership of 200 or more mem-
bers, composed of business men and women.
The League has created a Public Service
Commission with M. T. Bailey as chairman,
to co-operate with various civic and govern-
mental bodies of the state and city of Chi-
cago, to better the conditions of Afro-
Americans.
C| Many philanthropic organizations among
colored people are feeling the present finan-
cial stringency. Miss Elizabeth Walton,
head of the Walton Kindergarten, of New
York City, says in an appeal "You who
:
have given your contribution each year, but
have not come in contact with the individual
needing help or the worker giving his life to
the work, cannot realize what the withdraw-
ing of your contribution this year means."
ECONOMICS
r I A HE
Standard Life Insurance Company,
-* of xltlanta, Ga., has passed the million
dollar mark for paid-up insurance.
Mr.
Heman E. Perry is the president of this or-
ganization and Mr. Harry H. Pace, the sec-
retary.
^ The "Starlight," an excursion steamer of
Baltimore, Md., was destroyed by fire. Cap-
tain Brown, the owner, says he will have an-
other steamer for the excursion business next
summer. It is thought that this may have
been the work of incendiaries.
<I The Pythians, of Kentucky, raised $5,000
on Thanksgiving Day. The cornerstone for
a $120,000 building was laid at Louisville.
EDUCATION
T^HE Freedman's Aid Society of the M.
A E. Church reports a total expenditure
of $510,341.15 from all sources in the prose-
cution of work during 1913-14. The Jubilee
Fund now amounts to $249,761.09. Of this
colored conferences have raised $133,000.00.
Including Conference collections and Jubilee
Fund, and tuition, room rent, board and in-
cidentals, the colored people provided nearly
$300,000 of the total receipts of half a mil-
lion dollars of the Society.
113
<][ S. H. Tingley, of Providence, R. I., has
contributed $75,000 to the Freedman's Aid
Society.
CJ Through the philanthropy of Mrs. Sallie
J. McCall, the Colored Industrial School of
Cincinnati has been established. Mrs. Mc-
Call left the bulk of her large personal for-
tune as an endowment for such an institu-
tion. The amount of property which has
come finally into the possession of the school
makes this the largest single gift ever made
to colored people for a specific purpose.
MEETINGS
'T^HE National League on Urban Condi-
* tions Among Negroes, of New York
City, held its second annual public meeting
at Bethel Church, December 4.
^ The second annual meeting of the Eman-
cipation Association, of Philadeljohia, was
held November 8. Plans were made for the
celebration of Emancipation Day by colored
citizens of Philadelphia, on January 1.
<| The State Teachers' Association has met
in St. Joseph, Mo. There were 135 teacheis
present.
t| The Lone Star State Medical, Dental and
Pharmaceutical Association met in Houston,
Texas, November 9, 10 and 11. The meeting-
was not well attended but was very interest-
ing. Their next meeting will be held in
Marshall, Texas.
1} The twenty-fifth anniversary of the em-
ployment of colored teachers in the city
schools was observed with special exercises
at Baltimore.
^ At Newport the Union Congregational
Church has been celebrating its ninetieth an-
niversary. This church has a long and inter-
esting history.
In 1781 the African Union Society of
Newport was organized and January 24,
1824, the Union colored church succeeded it.
For 30 years the Rev. Mahlon Van Horn
was active pastor. The Rev. C. L. Miller is
the present pastor.
^ The failure of the firm of Lewis Johnson
and Company, a white bank of the District
of Columbia, has tied up some of the re-
sources of the financial department of the
A. M. E. Church. The church collects over
$200,000 a year outside of its local finances.
POLITICS
A DELEGATION of colored men repre-
* *
senting the National Equal Rights
League had an interview with President Wil-
son last mouth. The President resented the
114
tone of the spokesman, Mr. W. M. Trotter,
and defended segregation. The incident has
caused widespread comment.
f% In the late elections Mr. S. B. Turner,
of Chicago, 111., and Mr. Robert R. Jackson
were elected to the General Assembly from
the First and Third Districts. Rev. Barney
Bone, a Negro minister, 70 years of age,
was elected Justice of Peace at Noblesville,
Indiana.
<][ The Socialists succeeded in electing one
United States Congressman, four State Sen-
atorsand twenty-six Representatives, besides
hundreds of local officials.
<I Mr. Robert N. Wood has been re-elected
Chief of the United Colored Democracy of
New York.
PERSONAL
"DUTLER CAMPFIELD who has held the
** best record in case examination of rail-
way mail clerks in the Eleventh District with
an average of 99.97 per cent has been pro-
moted to the St. Louis and Texarkana rail-
way post office.
€| William Russell Johnson, a well known
and popular colored citizen of Brooklyn,
for 23 years a clerk in the city civil service,
is dead.
CJ The Thomas Y. Crowell Company an-
nounces a book on the Haytian Revolution,
by Chaplain T. G. Steward of Wilberforce
University.
C|[ Attorney H. L. Tignor and ex- Judge E.
M. Hewlett have been successful lately in
winning difficult cases in the Washington
courts.
If Mr. B. P. Cox, a graduate of Fisk Uni-
versity, is the new principal of Avery
tute, Charleston, S. C. He has formerly
acted as principal at Florence, Ala., and
Albany, Ga.
<| When Judge Robert H. Terrell recently
visited the courts of Philadelphia he sat on
the bench with Judge Brown of the Domes-
tic Relations Court, and Judge Gorman in
the Juvenile Court. This is perhaps the first
time that a colored judge has thus been hon-
ored in Pennsylvania.
^j Newton Lloyd Gilbert, son of the Rev.
M. W. Gilbert, and a former student of Col-
gate University, is dead at the age of twenty-
five.
<][ Mr. W. Carl Bolivar, a well-known writer
and collector of books, has died in Phila-
delphia. He was for many years employed
by the banking house of John Ashurst and
Company.
THE CRISIS
€| Mary Church Terrell and Mr. W.
Mrs.
E. B. DuBois have been addressing various
forums and women's clubs in New England.
Mrs. Terrell was especially effective at Ford
Hall, Boston.
FOREIGN
ABYSSINIA'S export and import trade
amounted to $10,000,000 last year. The
United States and six European nations are
working to develop and monopolize it. At
present there are five American citizens in
Abyssinia, two of whom are Negroes. The
French are building a railroad 500 miles to
the sea which will cost $20,000,000. The
American consul was received by 2,000 sol-
diers and 10,000 people.
€J There are two sorts of French African
—
troops Turcos and Senegalese. The Tureos
are recruited from Arabs, Berbers and Ne-
groes along the North African coast. The
Senegalese are West African Negroes.
GHETTO
r I A HE murder of colored women still pro-
* ceeds in Atlanta and the perpetrator
has not been arrested.
€J An ordinance for the segregation of Ne-
groes in St. Louis has been introduced into
the House of Delegates. The bill establishes
white and colored blocks and also neutral
blocks. The latter are eventually to become
white or colored. Fines and imprisonment
are the penalties.
f$ From Franklin, Ky., comes the story of
two white men tried for the murder of a col-
ored woman. The woman had attended a
dance with a colored man. The two white
Insti- men met the couple and on charging her with
infidelity and going with colored men, shot
and killed her instantly. A similar story
comes from Cincinnati where a white man
killed a colored woman because she wanted
to return to her colored associates.
<I The Y. W. C. A. of Portland, Ore., has
drawn the color line.
^ In East St. Louis one and one-half per
cent of the monthly salary of each teacher
is deducted to pay for a lecture course.
Keserve seats can be had by paying ten cents
extra'. When the colored teachers appeared
at the last lecture they were shown to the
gallery in spite of their reserve seat checks.
They protested, but it is now threatened that
unless they attend these compulsory lectures
and submit to being "Jim-Crowed" they
may be dismissed.
€fl
The Inasmuch Mission of No. 1011 Lo-
 : :

ALONG THE COLOR LINE 115

cust Street, is trying to re-

Philadelphia, ty-three dollars. His assaulters claimed
claim the of the surrounding slum
fallen self-defense and were released on a bond of
section. They have recently announced, $1,000.
however, all such fallen folk must be white. q For the first time in the history of Sac-
Bishop Rhinelander is said to be Chairman ramento a proprietor of a restaurant has
of the Board of Directors. been arrested for refusing to serve a

€| It is said that the white Presbyterians of

colored man. M. D. Travis is the com-
New York are joining with the various Ne- plainant and the Peacock Cafe the defend-
gro-hating associations of Harlem to keep ant.

out colored people. They have recently de- COURTS

clared that they are unable to find a site for
where the
a colored church in the district
colored people wish it to be. The colored
people declare that a site could easily have
been found if the stated clerk and a leading
white Presbyterian pastor in Harlem ha*d
not blocked the way.
«I The State Farmers' Union of North Car-
olina at a recent meeting passed the follow-
ing resolution
"That we earnestly reiterate our endorse-
ment of the plan adopted at our last session
urging land segregation between the races,
and urge our local unions to help bring it
about, to wit: That wherever the greater
portion of the land acreage in any commu-
nity is owned by one race, a majority of the
voters of that race may say, if they wish,
that in future no land shall be sold to per-
sons of a different race, provided such action
is approved by a reviewing judge or board
of commissioners as being necessary to their
peace and safety and the protection of their
social life."
q The children of R, Medlin of Wake
J.
r I ^HE white and colored shriners of
* Georgia have amicably settled their
dispute.
q The U. S. Supreme Court in the Okla-
homa "Jim-Crow" car law case declined to
declare the law unconstitutional because of
a defect in the presentation of the case, but
they intimated that the failure to provide
sleeping cars and dining cars for colored
people was illegal.
q The Louisville segregation case has come
up in the police court where Arthur Harris
was fined for breaking the law. The city
attorney brought in a real estate expert who
declared that the Phythian Hall at Tenth
and Chestnut Streets would depreciate prop-
erty. This hall will cost $125,000. He also
quoted Booker T. Washington and Presi-
dent Wilson in defense of the law!
•J A conductor on a dining car in California
shot and killed a colored cook because he did
not like the way in which his steak was
cooked. He was acquitted on the plea of
self-defense.
-
q For time in the history of Flor-
the first

'County, N. C, have been "accused" by the ida a white man

has been convicted for the
Board of Education of having Negro blood, murder of a Negro. Three men were con-
but the Supreme Court has decided that this victed of murder in the second degree for
has not been proved and that, therefore, the killing E. Johnson, a Negxo.
children may attend the white schools!
^ Five years ago George Gains, a wealthy CRIME
white saloon keeper of Orange, Va., died r "*HE following eight lynchings of colored
I
and left the bulk of his estate amounting to -* people have taken place since our last
over $50,000 to "Rose Henshaw and our record
two children." Rose Henshaw is colored <I St. Petersburg, Fla. John Evans, ac- —
and is now being sued by Mrs. Dora Del- cused of assaulting a white woman.
inger for alienating her husband's affections. —
q Shreveport, La. K. McKnight, T. Lewis
«I At Fort Wayne, A. D. Trenton
Tnd., and M. Dirden, accused of murdering a post
shot H. T. Bruce, a colored head-waiter and master.
killed him because the colored headwaiter —
q Byhalia, Miss. Fred Sullivan and his
had "talked back to him." Trenton pleaded wife Jane Sullivan, accused of burning a
guilty and was given an indeterminate sen- barn. They left a four year old child.
tence of from two to twenty years.
<J Lynchburg, S. C. —
D. Wilson, accused
If Rev. Thomas Bang, a reputable colored of murdering a white woman.
minister of Montgomery, Ala., was shot re- q Hillside, Ky.— H. Allen, killed by night
cently by two white men and robbed of twen- riders. No charge.
 HEN OF THE MONTH

A POET Mr. Corrothers is a poet and writer and

JAMES DAVID CORROTHERS was born recently has been read in the best periodicals.
in Cass County, Mich., July 2, 1869, in To the Century, especially, he has contrib-
the celebrated "chain lake" section. He is of uted for sixteen years and to numbers of
Negro, Scotch, Irish, Irdian and French the leading dailies. He has just completed
blood. As the only colored boy in the little a book for which Kay Stannard Baker has
town where he was reared he says that he written the introduction. Mr. Corrothers
had actually to whip every white boy in the married Rosina B. Harvey, -of Washington,
village before he was allowed to go to school a musician of note and composer. There is
in peace. At fourteen he began to work in no doubt that Mr. Corrothers ranks with
saw mills and on farms and among other Mr. Braithwaite as the greatest of living
things blacked boots and gave sparring ex- Negro American poets.
hibitions. Eventually he attended North-
western University and Bennett College in
North Carolina. He afterward worked in A READER
newspaper work on several daily papers and T> ICHARD B. HARRISON, of Chicago,
knew well "Mr. Dooley," Frances Willard -*•* was born London, Ontario, Septem-
in
and Henry D. Lloyd. Among his colored ber 28th 1864. He began life as a newsboy
friends were Frederick Douglass and Paul and then worked on cattle farms and as a
Lawrence Dunbar. bellboy in the old Russell House in Detroit.

MR. JAMES DAVID CORROTHERS MR. RICHARD B. HARRISON

 MEN OF THE MONTH 117

gress in 1868 receiving 3,000 votes over his

white opponent, Kaleb Hunt. He ran for
an unexpired term for the Fortieth Con-
gress and was declared elected by the said
authorities. He was not, however, seated in
Congress although later Senator Sheldon re-
ceived the same vote and was vouched for by
the same authorities and was seated. Thus )

Menard broke the ice and was in reality the

first colored congressman.
Mr. Menard removed to Florida in 1871
and was appointed a clerk in the post office
in Jacksonville and later to the state legis-
lature. He then became Collector of In-
ternal Revenue and twice Justice of Peace.
In all his public trusts he proved himself a
capable and faithful man and his speech be-
fore Congress in the Congressional Contest
was notable. He retired from public life
without a stain on his character and died in
1893 at the age of fifty-three.

A SUCCESSFUL PHYSICIAN
"PDWARD G. BOWDEN, of Griffin, Ga.,
-*-/ was born in November 30th,
Georgia,
THE LATE HON. J. WILLIS MENARD 1880. At the age of fifteen he was sent to
St. Augustine's School, Raleigh, N. C, where

Here he began to read Shakespeare and to he graduated in 1902 from the College De-
take lessons in elocution, studying under the
best teachers he could find. He made his
firsttour of the United States in 1891 and
in 1895 married Gertrude J. Washington,
the first colored graduate of the Chicago
Musical College. Mr. Harrison was a great
friend of Paul Lawrence Dunbar and Mr.
Dunbar was best man when Mr. Harrison
was married. From 1892 to 1896 Mr. Har-
rison worked under the Great Western Ly-
ceum Bureau in California. He returned to
the East in the latter year and has been
working largely among his own people.
He is man
of talent and ambition and is
a
desirous now
especially of establishing a
lyeeum bureau to encourage the talent of the
Negro race.

THE FIRST NEGRO CONGRESSMAN

WILLIS MENARD was born in Illi-
J •nois in 1840. During the war he came
to Washington and was a clerk in the De-
partment of Immigration. In 1863 he went
to British Honduras but returned and went
to New Orleans where he was appointed In-
spector of Customs and afterward Street
Commissioner. He was nominated for Con- DR. EDWARD D. BOWDEN
118 THE CRISIS

partment. After teaching school he went to

Meharry Medical College in Nashville, Tenn.,
where he graduated in 1907 and began the
practice of medicine in Griffin. He has a
large practice, has accumulated real estate
and operates the only colored drug store in
the county.
He was married to Miss Elizabeth Allen
in 1909. • '

A JUSTICE OF THE PEACE

R- A. BURRELL, a colored man of
*•
]\/f
Carney Iowa, was born in Virginia
as a slave and is about sixty years of age.
He came to Iowa in 1880 and lives in Crock-
er Township where there are about two
hundred and fifty voting farmers and about
two hundred Negro and foreign miners. He
has served for two years as Justice of the
Peace and has just been re-elected over a
white opponent by a good majority to serve
until January, 1915. He is a miner and
farmer. He produces eighty bushels of corn
to the acre and he has just bought two and
one-half acres to add to his four and one-
half at $350 per acre.
He is a good specimen of the quiet, thrifty, MR. A. BURRELL
honest Nearo working man.

RESIDENCE OF DR. BOWDEN, GRIFFIN, GA.

 MR. TROTTER AND MR. WILSON the colored clerks, but to avoid friction^
"Mr. President, we are Members of the cabinet had assured him that
WHAT MR. TROTTER
here to renew onr pro- the colored clerks would have comfortable
SAID.
test against the segrega- conditions, though separated. He had taken
tion of colored employes in the departments their view that the segregation was the best
of our National Government. Mr. President, way to meet this situation and that the best
one year ago the sixth of this month we thought of the administration has so de-
came before you as a delegation of this same cided.
organization, now the National Independent "The white people of the country," the
Equal Rights League, and presented a na- President continued, "as well as I, wish to
tional petition, signed by colored Americans see the colored people progress, and admire
in thirty-eight states, protesting against the the progress they have already made, and
segregation of employes of the National want to see them continue ftlong independent
Government whose ancestry could be traced lines. There is, however, a great prejudice
in whole or in part to Africa, as instituted against colored people, but as Mr. Spencer
under your administration. Wethen ap- says, we are all colored, but I mean those of
pealed to you to undo this race segregation African descent. It will take one hundred
in accord with your duty as President and years to eradicate this prejudice, and we
with your pre-election pledges to colored must deal with it as practical men. Segre-
American voters. We stated that such seg- gation is not humiliating but a benefit, and
regation was a public humiliation and degra- ought to be so regarded by you gentlemen.
dation, and entirely unmerited and far-reach- If your organization goes out and tells the
ing in its injurious effects, a gratuitous blow colored people of the country that it is a
against ever loyal citizens and against those, humiliation, they will so regard it, but if you
many of whom have aided and supported do not tell them so, and regard it rather as a
your elevation to the Presidency of our com- benefit,they will regard it the same. The
mon country." Mr. Trotter named the vari- only that will come will be if you cause
harm
ous departments in which segregation is still them to think it is a humiliation."
in force.
"Hence we come to you, Mr. President, by "Mr. President, -we did not
vote of this league, to set before you this mr. trotter's
come to the White House as
continuance of race segregation REPLY.
definite delegates of the National Inde-
against us a year after you heard our pro- pendent Equal Rights League protesting the
test and seemed to heed our appeal, to renew segregation in the attitude of dependent
the protest and appeal to ask you to en- wards of the nation, but as full-fledged
tirely abolish segregation of Afro-American American citizens, absolutely equal with all
employes in the executive departments." others, to demand our equal rights under the
Constitution. accord with the
It is not in
"In reply the President known the segregation
facts to claim that
WHAT MR. WILSON said that after our last
was started because of race friction of the
SAID.
visit he and his cabinet white and colored clerks. The indisputable
officers had investigated as he promised, and facts of the situation Avill not permit of the
cabinet officers told him the segregation was claim that the segregation is due to the fric-
caused by friction between colored and white tion. It is untenable, in view of the estab-
clerks, and not done to injure or humiliate lished facts, to maintain that the segregation
 :

120 THE CRISIS

is simply to avoid race friction, for the Sim- advance and he dares not do
politically,
ple reason that for fifty years white and right when is wrong.
that party
colored clerks have been working together "Twice before he has been tested, and
in peace and harmony and friendliness, do- twice before he has failed because he dared
ing so even through two Democratic admin- not dare his party. Twice the women beard-
istrations. Soon after your inauguration ed him in his den, twice they asked his opin-
began segregation was drastically introduced ion, the opinion of an honest and an intelli-
in the Treasury and Postal departments by gent man, what he thought about votes for
your appointees." women. And both times he made an undig-
nified and a cowardly dodge, because he
Then I was interrupted and given
feared his party.
the rebuke when the President
quarrel. „ Tf tbig organ i zat i on "This time he had a greater opportunity
gaid .
jg ever
in that he had a chance to do something far
to have another hearing before me it must
more unpopular than indorse votes for wom-
have another spokesman. Your manner of-
en. That cause has millions of active friends.
fends me."
The cause of the Negro has very few friends.
I was thunderstruck. I immediately asked
And least of all has it friends among the
in what way I was offensive, and the Chief
Democratic party, coming as it does mainly
Executive replied
from the Bourbon South.
"Your tone, with its background of pas-
"I, who write this, write with feeling. I
sion."
know whereof I speak. For a number of
I then said, "But I have no passion in me,
years I was employed in the government de-
Mr. President, you are entirely mistaken;
partment in Washington, meeting there men
you misinterpret my earnestness for pas-
and women of both colors, of all kinds from
sion."
North and South. I know the situation in
1 then continued my rebuttal and was in-
the government offices, and I know the Negro
terrupted by the President, especially when
officeholder. I know the brutal, the fiendish,
T him that we could not control the
told
the savage persecution of the Negro in the
minds of the colored people, and would not
South, rivaling as it does the treatment of
if we could on the segregation question. I
the Jews in Russia. I know it, not having
continued saying: "Two years ago you were
read of it in a book, but from having seen it.
regarded as a second Abraham Lincoln,"
"Many times did I surrender, with little
when he stopped me and said he wanted no
enough regret, the friendship of my office
personal reference. I told him if he would
associates, and of many others, because I
allow me to continue he would see my in-
was naive enough, democratic enough, So-
tent. He said he "was the one to do the in- cialist enough, human enough, to regard the
terrupting and not me."
Negro as a human, as a brother and often as
I then concluded by saying, "Now we
a Comrade in our movement. Often enough
colored leaders are denounced in the colored
did I suffer, together with my wife, because
churches as traitors to our race. "What do
we did not believe the Constitution to be a
you mean by traitors?" inquired the Presi-
lie,our proud boast nothing but sham, and
dent, and I replied, "Because we supported
our liberty a jest. And so we know. And
the Democratic ticket in 1912."
we know that nowhere is there such cruelty
We have given above Mr. Trot- as there is in the capital city to a perse-
. . ent.
£ er

cident which brings us

over the nation.
,
g accoun t of the curious in-

First, as to facts, we quote

comments from all
• ••••••••
cuted race."

"You cannot beat the civii service rules.

a Socialist, Morris Williams, writing in the If Maggie O'Rafferty happens to head a
New York Call. stenographers' list you must appoint her,
"President Wilson has had an opportunity even if you come from Georgia, and if you
to show himself a great man and he failed. — find out (as one Southern official found out
That man of such promise, of so much in- of a girl of that name) that she is as black
telligence, with an opportunity to write him- as ink there is no redress. It is written. It

self down as a President a thousand times is the law.

greater than the petty party that he came "In the government offices there was a
from, fell down. His party is too powerful. technical equality. The Negro clerks had to
Without that party he feels that he cannot eat in inferior saloons, they had to herd by

themselves. But they sat in the same rooms
as the "superior" whites. It galled the whites
if they came from 'Georgia or Alabama. I
have known men from the South to refuse to
—
go to work with Negroes who happened to
be their intellectual and their moraL supe-
riors —in the same room. Until it was im-
pressed upon them that they needn't, that
there were thousands of others who were as
willing and as able to do the work. as they,
and who did not have those compunctions.
"Then came the Democratic party into
power. That party was led by men of the
type of J. Thomas Heflin, hater of labor,
oppressor of Negroes; men Mke the Hon.
Pitchfork Ben Tillman*, men like J. K.
Vardaman, whose motto it is that 'this is a
white man's country;' men like John Sharp
Williams; the finest group of nigger baiters
the country has ever produced. They say
—
they speak for the South and the South
does not say them nay. They fulminate,
they wave the bloody shirt, they nulify the
Constitution, they beat and degrade and ter-
rify and enslave 10,000,000 men of our' fel-
low citizens; they make of our great profes-
sion of liberty and equality a fraud. They
say they are the South. They announce
that they speak for that great section of the
country. And that section does not rise up
as one man and deny the hellish insult.
"That is the party of Woodrow Wilson.
That is the party that made him President.
Their chief strength came from the South;
—
without the South the White South (for
all elections are white men's elections)
Woodrow Wilson would never have become
President. Without the aid of the party
of those men, the cultured Wilson would
never have ascended to the Presidency. And
so there are political debts to pay.
"The bulk of the party comes from the
South. The largest part of the Cabinet
officers are Southerners. The bureau chiefs
are now largely Southerners. of the Men
inferior calibre of William J. Harris, the
'original Wilson man of Georgia,' of ab-
solutely no ability, supplant geniuses in
highly technical positions such as the di-
rectorship of the census.
"The inevitable followed. Negroes were
segregated from the whites in the govern-
ment offices. The Jim Crowism of the gov-
ernment began. Those who knew saw im-
minent the casting out of all Negro em-
ployes. And I, who know, can say
service will suffer immensely by the
OPINION 121
tion of the Southern heelers, men almost il-
literate, men who think that they are still
fighting the Civil War, for the cultured
Negroes who have fought their way up
against such unparalleled odds.
"So they went to Wilson. Wilson the
cultured, Wilson the Democrat, Wilson the
pride of America. And Wilson bethought
himself of Tillman and Blease and Bailey
and Heflin and Underwood. Wilson was
confronted by the choice of rescinding the
order segregating the races, and bringing
down upon himself a whirlwind, and of sup-
porting hideous wrong, fastening upon the
limbs of virtual slaves still more strongly the
shackles of degradation and passing it on
with a meaningless platitude.
"So Wilson was weighed in the balance.
He was faced by the great opportunity.
AND HE FAILED!
"He murmured some fatuous rubbish
about reducing the "friction" between the
races in the offices, that the offices that were
assigned to the Negroes were "as good" as
those assigned to the whites, and that they
had nothing to complain about. And that is
what is said of every bit of injustice that is
inflicted upon the under dog — that it is good
for them; that they ought to appreciate it.
"So the Southerners were upheld, the gov-
ernment is officially on a par with railroads
that have Jim Crow cars, the President
either wrote himself down as one of the op-
pressors, or he groveled before them. And
real Americans may hang their heads in
— shame before the whole world."
The northern press has stood up
NORTHERN with unugual vigor _ The New
opinion".
Republic says: "it does not seem
obviously appropriate for the President of
the United States to complain of the 'intol-
erable burden' of his own office to Negroes
who daily suffer burdens more intolerable,
who come to the President with real griev-
ances due to the President's own inaction in
a moral crisis. The President waives aside
all references to consideration of political
support by Negroes as 'blackmail,' but the
President before his election sought that sup-
port, and sought it with explicit promises
which Negroes and others believe have not
been kept. 'Should I become President of
the United States,' he said during the cam-
paign of 1912, 'they (the colored people)
that the may count upon me for absolute fair dealing
institu- and for everything by which I could assist

122 THE
in advancing the interest of this race in the
United States.' What the President has as
3 et done in advancing this interest he does
r
not state; what he intends to do in the future
he does not state. But he does express his
unwillingness to interfere with Southern
members of his Cabinet, who are segregating
colored employes, setting apart Federal
civil servants with Negro blood in them as
though they were lepers, a humiliation which
is bitterly resented by colored people
throughout the country and deplored by
thousands of high-minded white people, yet
one which the President finds words to con-
done. The President used fair words in 1912
in his appeal to the Negroes for votes. We
know now that those words meant nothing.'"
Then comes a number of papers who we
let speak for themselves.
"The Constitution defines the place of the
Negro in our citizenship. The Negro clerk
in Washington is entitled to precisely the
same treatment that any other clerk receives.
He has had it under Republican government
without friction and without any suspicion
that he was being injured by the failure of
the government to segregate him. No pre-
judice has been shown him by this admini-
stration in the departments over which Mr.
Bryan of Nebraska, Mr. Garrison of New
Jersey and Mr. Lane of California preside.
Southern secretaries who discovered
It is the
that Jim Crow
regulations were necessary.
Does the President of the United States
approve their exhibition of prejudice against
the Negro?"— Syracuse (N. Y.) Post Stand-
ard.
"The whole thing now laid before us is a
typically Southern issue, treated
by the gov-
ernment in a typically Southern way. Mr.
Wilson's attitude toward this race-segrega-
tion without question, perfectly honest,
is,
just as is in the case of other gentlemen
it
with Southern traditions bred in the bone.
The slave-holders were not less honest in
their contention 60 years ago. But the
crave question presented is whether the
President of the United States, in taking
this view, is living up to the constitution of
his country, which he is bound by oath to
recognize and uphold. The constitution may
err in its attempt to give all men, of what-
ever race and color, an equal political right
with every other race. But at least it is the
law of the land and as such is not to be nul-
ified by any individual who happens to be-
lieve that in this respect the constitution is
— —
CRISIS
unwisely drawn." — Lowell (Mass.) Courier
Citizen.
"Perhaps the language of the spokesman
was not tactful. Perhaps the President's
suave, pleasant words and promises regard-
ing fair and equitable treatment proved a
bit when contrasted with condi-
irritating
tions they exist and as the President
as
knows they have existed for years. 'The
systematic denial of manhood rights to
black men in America is the crying disgrace
of the century.' These are the words of the
editor of The Crisis, perhaps the ablest
champion of his race." Boston, (Mass.) —
Traveler and Evening Herald.
"The principle seems clear. The people
of the United States as a whole would op-
pose the adoption by their Government of
anything resembling the Jim Crow policy.
If States, cities, or private corporations see
fit to do this, that is their own affair. But
the national Government must keep free
from it, not primarily because the policy is
bad for the Negroes, but because it is bad
for the Government." Indianapolis News
(Ind.).
"That is to say, the colored people ask
their rights and the President answers that
he feels very kindly towards them and while
he cannot consider giving them those he is
favorable to the idea of giving them some-
thing else about as good, if they can only be
induced to think it so. They demand equal
treatment as citizens of the republic. He
says no, we must screen you off, but we
will make things comfortable for you behind
the screen. But you don't do that, they an-
swer, for Semitic, Celtic, Slavic or any other
class of employes.No, replies the Presi-
dent, but we dowith you, and I cannot
it
discuss the matter any further with you."
Post Express (Rochester, N. Y.).
"At the National capital sits a Congress
elected by the suppression of nearly a ma-
jority of the votes of the Southern States.
It is a dishonestly elected Congress, and
eve'rj' American knows it. This is flaunting
a great National scandal constantly before
the eyes of every intelligent citizen of the
United States.
"Tn such fashion, the conscience of the
nation is being tested. For ourselves, we
have no doubt whatever that, in the end,
most Americans will demand that this fester-
ing sore of criminality in the National gov-
ernment shall be cured; that the caustic rem-
edy demanded by the Constitution of the
 — — — — — — —

OPINION 123

United States (the reduction of the repre- must have come to the conclusion that the
sentation of all States where this dishonesty great mistake made by American Negroes is

is open and flagrant) shall be applied. The in not having had themselves born Filipinos
only question is, how much longer shall the or Mexican Indians." Neiv York Herald.
scandal be allowed to exist in its rank and "That there was reason for the President's
shameless dishonesty?" Advertiser (Boston, ill temper is quite true, but it was supplied

Mass.). by the Cabinet members who were respon-

"The President, a man of southern birth sible for the narrow-minded policy of segre-
and broad principles, should lose no time in gating Negro employes from white job-
ordering the rescinding of the McAdoo and holders." New York Mail.
Burleson orders. The race-hatred fomenters "It may be as claimed that the spokesman
will accept from him action they would of the colored delegates that recently inter-
blindly oppose if it came from a president viewed President Wilson for the purpose of
of northern birth. He has a chance, just as protesting against the segregation of the col-
the Negro orator declared, to be a second ored clerks in the U. S. departments at
Abraham Lincoln by starting and leading a Washington did not treat the President with
movement that will emancipate the race from proper respect, and deserved the rebuke he
disabilities under which it now labors, even received; but it is a fact, nevertheless, that
as it was emancipated fifty years ago from the protest was against a shameful outrage."
involuntary servitude. The first and greatest — Express (Penn Yan, N. Y.).
of progressive principles is equality before "We had supj^osed, after the investigations
the law." Evening Globe (New York City). of last winter, that the vicious policy had
"However that may
be, this delegation was been checked; we understood that it was to
within its making its protest. If
rights in be abandoned gradually. In numerous in-
political conditions and consequences were stances the Jim-Crowing had, we know, been
introduced into the plea or argument, it was stopped. The more discouraging is it to
not 'blackmail,' as the President indignantly find the President apparently upholding
termed it, more than was the threat of Rep- what the World justly calls the "foolish in-
resentative Henry in his demand for cotton discretions of members of his Cabinet."
legislation, the demand of labor and its re- There was no genuine complaint as to the
sponsive sop in the Clayton bill, or many conditions in Washington. Colored and
another dicker in the routine of the Presi- white employes had worked side by side for
dential life." Bulletin (Philadelphia, Pa.). fifty years. Some of them had been appoint-
"The race affected had a right to be heard ed by Grover Cleveland one of his ap-—
in their own behalf and showed a proper pointees to high place being the father of
spirit in going directly to the President with Mr. Trotter, a veteran of the Fifty-fifth
their grievance. We fear that the President Massachusetts. But the Wilson Administra-
has lost his head. He is certainly not so tion went out of its way to create the issue
happy in these extempore statements, made it now deplores, and cannot see its way clear
under the irritation that so easily besets to admitting its mistake and reverting to
him as in his more studied deliverances which the only defensible position of absolute
compel the admiration even of his political equality in the Government service." Even-
opponents and often skillfully cover up the ing Post (New York City).
fallacies of his reasoning and hide from view "The Negro race country is the
in this
the mischievous character of the policy he is political equal of the white race,under the
commending."—Press (Philadelphia, Pa.). Federal Constitution, and while the 'Jim
"The incident recalls the similar vexation Crow' status and 'grandfather' suffrage laws
shown by the President when he abruptly of various States have stood the test of ju-
dismissedan equal suffrage delegation on dicial review, segregation in the Washington
June 30 on the ground that he could not departments unquestionably violates the
'submit to cross-examination.' When a man spirit of the Constitution, whatever shift for
is right, he usually will listen patiently to the Government the courts may find in its
the other side; when he knows he is wrong, letter.That the nation-wide public sentiment
he is very likely to fly off the handle." New outside of Washington itself sustains classifi-
York Mail. cation of this character in Government de-
"After their visit to the White House the partments is not susceptible of proof. The
members of that anti-segregation deputation southern influence now dominating those de-
 — — —— —
124 THE
partments is simply asserting its power by
introducing the cruelest southern customs in-
to the Government of the whole people."
Springfield Republican (111.).
"It is desirable that the nation know the
President, and that some false notions as to
his absolute poise and ideal judicial
meanor be removed. He
did not keep his
temper yesterday; he showed not the control
of the school-master, but the pettishness of
the schoolboy. He would never have rebuked
white callers in the superior way he did his
black ones. It is evident that Hon. Wood-
row Wilson has yet a good deal to learn of
the great lesson of the brotherhood of man-
kind." Register (New Haven, Conn.).
"We once knew a southern attorney; one
of the finest men who ever lived. In dis-
cussing the Negro problem at one time, ref-
erence was made to his colored clients. They
entered his office as did white clients, they
came to him personally, explained their case,
he gave advice, accepted their money, be-
came their attorney and appeared for them
in court.
"But when it was hypothetically stated:
'They come to your desk in your office and
sit down,' the reply came instantly and
sharply. 'Not by a sight; no Negro
sits in my office.' We know of no better
illustration of the southern attitude toward
the Negro. It is tolerant, helpful, even
kindly and thankful, until some approach is
made that savors of social contact or recog-
nition. Then the bars are clamped." Du-
luth News Tribune (Minn.).
"President Wilson was not frank when he
suggested to the delegation of visiting Negro
leaders that segregation in the departments
had been resorted to to make the Negro
dependent of the white race.
"Segregation has been resorted to because
the southern leaders in Congress are bound
.
to have the Negro eliminated from the public
service inany but a menial capacity." Reg-
ister Leader (Des Moines, Iowa).
"The reason given for segregation is noth-
ing but an excuse of the hollowest kind,
which ignores notorious facts." Oregonian
(Portland, Ore.).
"The Negroes called to
THE COPPER
segregation of
test against the
HEADS
colored employes in some of
the Federal departments. In presenting
such a protest, they asked for a consideration
that has not been asked for by recognized
— — —
CRISIS
leaders of their race —such as Booker Wash-
ington, and those who are most directly con-
cerned with the cause of Negro education in
the South. White men are freer and more
contented when they work by themselves.
Negroes are freer and more contented when
de- they work by themselves. Forcing white
and black to mixemployment, where no
in
real necessity for mixing exists, is hurtful
to the self-respect and efficiency of both."
Daily Eagle (Brooklyn, N. Y.).
"The President explained to its members
that the rule was one of convenience and ex-
pediency, to avoid friction between the races.
We can all perceive its wisdom and justifi-
cation, excepting those Negroes who insist
upon thrusting themselves into white com-
pany. The rule involves no political ostra-
cism. The colored Treasury employes can
continue to serve the government and draw
their salaries. There is nothing in the Con-
stitution or the various Civil Rights' acts
that compels white men to associate with
Negroes in the civil service, any more than
Secretary MeAdoo
in business or social life.
has doubtless found that detachment of the
colored from the white employes of his de-
partment would insure the smoother work-
ing and greater efficiency of its official ma-
chinery." Herald (Syracuse, N. Y.).
"Booker Washington answered the segre-
gation question by saying that the colored
man ought not to wish to associate with a
white man who did. not want him and that
the colored man ought to insist just as stren-
uously that the white man should not be al-
lowed to associate with him. As long as
there is a clash of the races they should be
kept apart and the keeping apart should not
in- reflect upon one race any more than it does
upon the other." Journal (Meriden,
Conn.).
"The incident developed out of the
THE
undertaking of the present admini-
SOUTH
stration to rectify the evils existing
in various departments at Washington aris-
ing out of the employment of both whites
and blacks in the same rooms and bureaus.
During the early days of this administration,
Mrs. Wilson was reported to have observed
pro- with her own eyes some of the hardships
of white women in having to work beside
Negro men. Naturally, with her refined
breeding and Southern rearing, she per-
ceived the dangers of that situation. It had
grown more and more aggravated during
 — ——
OPINION
various Republican administrations, when
that Party's leadership was so abject in its
submission to Negro dictation arising out of
political conditions in the East and West.
This was thoroughly illustrated by Mr.
Roosevelt's conspicuous knocking under to
a delegation of Negro leaders, who pro-
tested against his original attempt to rid
the Southern Republican organization of the
incubus of Negro influence." News (Birm-
ingham, Ala.).
"There is no injustice in the separation
of the races in the federal departments so
long as it does not carry with it unequal
accommodations or unequal official privilege.
It involves no more hardship on one race
than the other. The white people do not
complain of this separation ; why do the
Negroes? Social equality they will never
gain in the South, and never generally in
the North, and the sooner they have the good
sense to realize this, and the race pride to
make them regard the question with indif-
ference, the sooner they will command pub-
lic respect. William Monroe Trotter, of
Boston, and others of his kind are rendering
their people a notably bad service by such
insolent performances as that at the White
—
House Thursday." Baltimore (Md.) Sun.
"We should really like to know just how
many Negro reporters are on the staff of
The Evening Post and The World. We
should like to know how many Negro edito-
rial writers are on the staff of each of these
papers. If there are no Negro employes in
either of these important departments of
our contemporaries, we should like to know
why it is so? Why are not half of their
reporters and editors Negroes? Why don't
they give their theories a real test?
"But they will not do this. They are
hyprocrites, steeped in prejudice, and in the
single matter of real knowledge of the races
and their true relations to each other, are
little less than ignoramuses, for all of their
splendid ability and talents in other re-
spects."—Advertiser (Montgomery, Ala.).
"Trotter has been trained to regard him-
self as an equal. Visit Florida in the winter.
You will see the 'Yankees' address a white
laborer as an inferior, and yet in inter-
course with the commonest blacks address
them very deferentially as 'Mister' and
'Mrs.' The Negro will always grab an 'ell'
if you grant him an inch. The people have
yielded to Negro assumption so far that he
feels he has won a victory over the superior
race. Nowhere on the cars, on the streets,
—
125
cto Negroes even act on a plane of equals,
but as superiors.
"Do we not every day truckle to our in-
feriors, and the Negroes see it? Farmers
needing labor truckle to him, the storekeep-
er does the same, the politicians pat him on
the back, so that the Negro's attitude has
been changed towards the whites. No out-
ward signs of deference; they are studiously
omitted. The evident intent is to assert not
equality, but superiority." Telegraph (Ma-
con, Ga.).
"While agitators of the Trotter stripe and
certain of their political inciters will doubt-
less strive to make capital of it, the episode
will react to the sole injury of the Trotter
cause. Race wonder-
instinct has quickened
fully throughout the white North in recent
years. Insistent and offensive demands for
racial social equality by self-styled Negro
leaders, and the attempts at offensive asser-
tion of their imagined "rights" are largely
responsible for the race clashes recorded in
more than a few Northern states." Times
Picayune (New Orleans, La.).
"The 'Lexington, Ky., Herald' thinks that
the President's treatment of the Trotter,
colored, visiting committee, was 'peculiarly
unfortunate/ but the 'El Paso, Texas, Times'
says Trotter is a 'Jamaica coon,' who would
be made to demonstrate that he was truly
a 'trotter,' if he should visit 'any representa-
tive southern' community.' "• C our ant { Hart-
ford, Conn.).
"The little bunch of Boston niggers that
made the 'protest' against the attitude of
President Wilson in refusing to be called
down by them, do not represent the respect-
able, self-respecting, law abiding colored
people of the United States, who are not
worrying about 'race equality.' The Tucker
darkey who tried to 'sass' the President is
not a Booker T. Washington type of colored
man. He is merely a nigger." Beaumont —
(Tex.) Enterprise.
"At what point will the govern-
ment as government stop the se-
south. gxegation of different races? As
we conceive the purpose of this government,
it is to treat every individual as equal before
the eyes of the law — black, or white, red or
yellow, Jew or Gentile, Protestant or Cath-
olic —whatever the breed, whatever the creed,
matters not, at least should matter not to the
public official charged with the duty of serv-
ing all the people.
"The humblest American citizens of full
 — —
126 THE
Negro blood is in the eyes of the law the
full equal of the most powerful citizen of
the purest Anglo-Saxon descent. The pub-
lic servant elected by the people, paid by the
people, owes to the humblest citizen the same
protection and the same treatment accord-
ed to the most powerful. Neither breed nor
creed, neither culture nor vocation, should
determine the treatment accorded to a citi-
zen by a servant.
"We are distressed that the President has
allied himself with those who believe in the
perpetuation of race prejudice and justify
race passion. As a private citizen, every
man has the right to determine his own
course; as a public official, the higher the
office the greater the obligation to act with
justice and treat with patience those who
must look to the public officer for the pro-
tection the law.
"It is but a step in descent from the posi-
tion taken by those public Wash-
officials in
ington whosegregate one race to the public
official ina southern state who advocates
lynch law. The example of the higher offi-
cial will be cited by the lower official as
justification for his course. The mob of the
South that lynches in the night is but a step
further than the official order that segre-
gates because of color in the day." Lex- — out the country to condemn the un-American
ington (Ky.) Herald.
"The Courier-Journal agrees with
New York World that the 'segregation' busi-
ness over in Washington spells rather small.
During fifty years, including two Demo-
cratic Presidential terms, there was
thought of separating the white and black
official sheep. Why should the suggestion
meet the assent of anybody now?
"The President acted with entire pro-
priety in calling down the impudent Negro
who acted as spokesman for the committee
of colored protestants. It seems that he is
a well-known professional agitator from
Boston who was once imprisoned for break-
ing up a Booker Washington meeting. The
lesson he received may not do him any good.
But it ought to impress itself upon all who
fail to recognize the sanctity of the White
House and the dignity of its occupant.
"The segregation order should be revoked.
It has no real cause or interest to back it.
The issue should not have been raised. Hav-
ing rebuked Trotter, let Mr. Wilson take
matters further into his own hands, and re-
store the status quo." Courier Journal
(Louisville, Ky.).
CRISIS
THE COLORED "Trotter was undoubtedly
rash, and entered upon his
PRESS.
duty without any diplomacy
whatever, but the President can not escape
the suspicion that he seized the opportunity
to evade the issue by hiding behind Trotter's
ultra-zealous attitude; that he purposely
subordinated the interests of ten million
American citizens to his own established
code of White House formalities, and mag-
nified the latter as a justification of his eva-
sion of his plain duty toward the former,
all under the guise of an imaginary offense
to the dignity of his office." —
Pittsburgh
(Pa.) Courier.
"The unfortunate part of the situation is
that the President was insulted and stated
that no man had spoken to him since he had
been elected as had this Boston Negro and,
therefore, whenever the Negroes came to the
White House again during his occupancy,
they must have another spokesman. The at-
titude of this leader, in itself, seemed to be
a good argument for segregation." Louis- —
ville (Ky.) News.
"While the whole incident is a regretable
one from some angles we are of the opinion
that good to the race at large, will come out
of it by causing influential journals through-
policy now endorsed by the Administration."
the — The Messenger (Charlottesville, Va.).
"We recall with a degree of disgust that
under circumstances when Trotter and his
gang were in the position of hosts, they
no played the role of bullies and Bowery toughs
nearly breaking up a meeting at which Dr.
Booker T. Washington was the chief speak-
er, the leading Mr. Trotter spent 30 days'
time in jail for his offense. We are tempted
to give expression to the wish that Trotter
and his Northern zealots would let Negro
affairs alone if they can do no more than
bungle them up.
"There is not another Negro in the whole
race who would have committed such a per-
—
formance." Birmingham (Ala.) Reporter.
"But we have never known Mr. Trotter
to lose his head in any controversy, or to
forget his duty as a cultured Christian gen-
tleman. It may be true that his earnestness
was mistaken for temper, or perhaps for an
inexcusable failure to properly realize his
'place' when speaking in the presence of or
to a 'white man.' The horrible image of a
'sassy nigger' may have been focussed in a
greatly magnified and chromatic field, but
 — ——:
we are sure that it was the result of some
form of aberration we know not what."
The Bee (Washington, D. C).
"One has only to be at the national capi-
tal and see what is going on to be convinced
of this. It is not a party fight, and partisan
lines should be ignored. The clanger is
through the federal government and we are
all citizens of it and should all exert a pres-
sure U23011 the federal government, both di-
rect and through others. We
appeal to the
race to realize the danger and to exert their
powers as citizens at once and as never be-
We can win we will work."
fore. if
Guardian (Boston, Mass.).
"When the same Wm. Monroe Trotter and
a few of his associates who supported Wil-
son, called upon the Governor in 1912 at
Trenton, they were received with open arms
and the glad, grasping hand so fraternally
extended. Promises, many
promises, sweet
promises, made but to be broken
to the ear,
to the heart, were eagerly made, not alone
with the tongue, but with the pen. The
Christian Governor of New Jersey, pledged
himself as a Christian man that the Negro
had nothing to fear, for should he be elected
president, they would receive Christian treat-
ment and should hold under his administra-
tion, all the offices or as many offices as they
were holding under the then Taft administra-
tion." St. Luke Herald (Richmond, Va.).
The Washington Bee thus comments on
the Hampton defense of President Wilson
"The milk of the quotation consists in the
following: 'I think one of the happiest cir-
cumstances of recent times is this co-opera-
tion between the white people and the Ne-
groes in the South in intelligent efforts to
advance the economic success and comfort
of the Negroes and put them in a position
where they can work out their" own fortunes
with success and self-respect.' That the
President's attitude is clearly stated in the
above quotation there is small reason to
doubt, and to that extent we certainly agree
with Mr. Aery. But as to whether the Pres-
ident's attitude is the correct one, or whether
it comports with the actual conditions ob-
taining, in the main, at the South, or whether
it is in harmony with
the social forces cal-
culated to produce the ultimate results he
seems to desire, are questions upon which
there is large room for differences of opin-
ion. The supposition that the 'economic suc-
cess and comfort' of the colored people can
be reasonably expected under the general
OPINION 127
policy of the South, which is being encour-
aged by the President and more and more
rigorously applied than at any time since
Emancipation, tending to discourage and
repress every manifestation of asjiiration
for political and civil equality, becomes man-
ifestly illogical, if not preposterous in the
light of the true significance of 'economic-
"
success and comfort.'
OUR QUESTIONNAIRE
"In order to secure informa-
The THE BOURBON
tion for Negro voters the
SOUTH.
'National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People' has sent a
'questionnaire' to every congressional nomi-
nee, according to the New York Evening
Post, which publishes the queries and re-
ports on the responses of the nineteen New
York candidates heard from. . . .
"This report is highly interesting, both
as a revelation of the purposes and threat-
ening attitude of the 'National Association
for the Advancement of Colored People' and
as proof of the yielding to the pressure of
the Negro vote in the doubtful States on the
part of a considerable number of politicians
who, if left free, would undoubtedly respond
to their normal instincts in opposition to the
abnormal intermarriage of distinct races.
"The most important means of 'advancing
colored people,' in the view of the 'National
Association' for the purpose, is to marry
them to the whites, it would appear, and, in
order to secure the Negro vote, a consider-
able number of New York candidates are
willing to be advertised as favoring such a
policy. And yet the idea is monstrous, con-
trary to nature, and opposed to every nor-
mal instinct implanted in the several distinct
varieties of mankind.
"There must be very good reasons why
there are some half dozen grand divisions
of the human race, set apart by color and
other distinctive racial characteristics, and
there are equally good reasons why it is un-
desirable for all these distinct races to be-
come merged into one mongrel type; other-
wise all mankind from the outset would have
been of one color and of a general likeness
varying only in individuals. Nature itself
has set up a barrier opposed to such a mon-
grelization and inevitable deterioration, and
this barrier is what we call racial aversion
or race prejudice, which, when it does not
lead to wrong or crime, is in itself a per-
 — —
128 THE
fectly normal, innocent and desirable thing."
Macon (Ga.) Daily Telegraph. j and no resolution can stop our song."
THE BOSTON SONGS
NORTHERN AND "In eliminating the objec-
tionable song books from
SOUTHERN
the institutions under their
OPINION.
control the Boston school
committee have affirmed a principle and
made a contribution to social peace. The
meanest kind of disparagement is that of
epithets aimed at race, nationality or creed,
and the subjection of children to it on the
ground of their color would have been a flat
negation of everything there is of humane
in our educational system. And the suc-
cessful protest just registered is by no means
the end of the good work. The colored peo-
ple are especially sensitive, and have a right
to be. They are not the only sufferers."
Boston (Mass.) Herald.
"Boston culture is getting to be a nui-
sance, due largely to the fact that as Bos-
tonians become 'cultured' they do not lose
any of their stupidity.
"1^ the point raised by the Boston Ne-
groes and whites were submitted to a refer-
endum of Southern Negroes and their best
friends, the Southern people, there would
be about six votes in each State cast in line
with the Boston demand.
"Take out of the hearts of men 'My Old
Kentucky Home,' 'Massa's in De Cold, Cold
Ground,' 'Suwanee Kiver,' and a few others,
and some of the sweetest, fondest, recollec-
tions of the Southern plantation Negro
would be wiped away.
"The folklore songs of the South, the best
of which were written by a sympathetic
Northerner, the plantation melodies, the de-
licious Negro dialect, picturing as they do
the simple emotions, strange superstitions,
the melancholy and the gladness of the Ne-
—
gro heart these must stand. They will
stand. Any literature in which the Negro
is portrayed must give place to these 'in-
sults,' if the truth be told. If the Negro be
not forgotten he must be pictured as he is
and he has always been, for, if we abolish
folklore songs with their comedy, their
pathos, their abiding sentimentality, there is
no charm in any part of any study of the
Negro race.
"The Negroes of the South and the white
people of the South have decided that they
love the melodies and stories which the bean-
CRISIS
Boston condemn.
eating, calculus-workers of
Montgomery (Ala.) Advertiser.
A BOURBON AT BAY
The New York World has the following
report of the last dinner of the Southern
Society in New York:
"John Skelton Williams, Comptroller of
the Currency, brought up the race question
by declaring in his address:
" 'All other issues have appeared to us
light and negligible when white supremacy
was threatened. Happily such fears are now
no more to be regarded than as a frightful
dream. Our constitutional conventions in the
different States have so limited and safe-
guarded the right of suffrage in an effort to
secure an enlightened electorate, that Negro
rule has ceased to be a menace.
" 'Long ago we determined that the Negro
should never be our master; that we would
work with him and help him and let him
help and work with us, but that, as a social
and political equal, the best interests of both
races and of the country demanded stern,
final and definite prohibition. The dignity,
welfare and prosperity of the two races and
of the entire country are and will be pro-
moted by the policy of strict segregation.'
"Former Attorney-General George W.
Wickersham took suave but pointed issue
with this declaration.
" 'I do not believe,' he said, 'that this
problem will ever be solved by the total dis-
franchisement for all time of 10,000,000 of
our citizens. No people can thrive and ad-
vance if, side by side and working with them,
are 10,000,000 who are disfranchised from
all voice in government.
" 'God knows that this is a difficult prob-
lem and God knows how it will be solved,
but it cannot be solved by denying to any, be
he black or yellow or red, the right of a
voice in making the laws by which he shall
be governed and in the choice of the men who
shall govern him.'
"Then turning toward the Comptroller,
Mr. Wickersham concluded earnestly:
" 'Believe me, this problem is not solved
by the method you offer.'
"It was notable that while Mr. Williams had
been heard through without applause, Mr.
Wickersham was twice interrupted by hand-
clapping."
 EDITORIAL
'''G&ZZ^&yS'rS
CORRESPONDENCE
^^^ RESIDENT Woodrow
Wilson.
My dear Sir:
Enclosed are three
from the New
editorials
York World, the Trib-
une and the Post, bearing on the recent
interview of a representative of the Na-
tional Independent Political League at
the White House.
This Association does not for a mo-
ment excuse any rudeness or lack of
courtesy to you who above all others are
entitled to respect, but wishes to place
itself on record as agreeing with Mr.
Trotter that the slightest discrimination
against colored people in the federal
'
service is a grave injustice.
Respectfully yours,
(Signed) J. E. Spingarn,
Chairman of the Board of Directors.
PROM THE BOSTON "GLOBE."
HE following editorial on
"The Alleged Failure
'
of Democracy was writ-
'
ten by the editor of The
Crisis and printed in the
Boston Sunday Globe:
We are becoming more democratic, but not
easily, not without struggle and misgivings.
Our progress seems even slower than it is
because we have really experienced so little
real democracy in the past. We founded a
republic in 1787 which was in reality an
aristocracy of the most pronounced tenden-
cies. The democracy ushered in by Andrew
Jackson was the beginning of that system of
government by deception where "the people"
are congratulated on the possession of all
3a
/ 1 3 t ( *
powers of government, while the real rulers
hide in the background so effectually that
their very existence often is not sensed.
Since the Civil War we have driven these
rulers into the open, and frankly acknowl-
edged, weighed and studied their power.
From this knowledge we have started
well on the way toward dethroning the ward
heeler and the petty boss, and are hammering
at the strongholds of the greater bosses. Our
comes in settling in our own
real difficulty
minds a proper, permanent repository for
the power thus regained. In other words,
we are facing to-day still the elementary
problem of democracy How far do we dare
:
trust the mass of the people, not with sham
power and sounding phrases, but with real
power ?
Those on the one hand who call for com-
mission government, and those on the other
hand who ask for the initiative and the recall
represent the two different answers to this
problem. True it is, that there are those far-
sighted ones who combine both demands.
For the most part, however, we may dis-
tinguish those who would deposit the power
won from the bosses with one or more strong
men for safekeeping; and those who would
try and place that power just as far as pos-
sible in thehands of the masses.
There can be no doubt that the former type
of thinkers gains great strength and support
from the supposed failure of certain demo-
cratic experiments in the past, particularly
in the case of the foreign vote in our cities
and of the Negro vote during reconstruction
times. The alleged failure of democracy in
reconstruction times especially has been used
in the past and is still used as a tremendous
argument against democracy in the nation
and in the world. The argument runs some-
thing like this: "Ignorant freedmen failed
as voters. This proves that democratic
government cannot rest on ignorance." But
how much learning is necessary to a share
Drawn by Paul Thiriat
THE DESPERATE ATTEMPT OF GENERAL VON

After many had been slain on both sides the Germans retreated.
 Copyrighted by The Crisis and the N. Y. Herald
TO BREAK THE ALLIED LINE ON THE MARNE
ohere, shows an incident of the fighting on the Marne. When German forces under General von Kluck
the most desperate hand to hand encounters of the war occurred. As the Germans were making their
hort time the Germans withstood the onslaught, the fighting taking place between blazing houses.
 :
132
in the government? Immediately our ideas
enlarge: "Government is for the educated
and the expert. It is a reward, not a right.
Democracy is an evolution that may come to
fruition in a thousand years. To-day we
need the strength and efficiency found only
in a few." In the face of such argument it
ishigh time that the people of this country
asked themselves seriously two questions:
What is democracy? Did democracy
reconstruction?
Democracy is not a gift of power, but a
reservoir of knowledge. Only the soul that
knows its suffering. Only the one who
suffers
needs knows what need means. Ignorance
may vitiate the expression of needs and vice
may deceive, but it remains true that des r
potism and aristocracy have displayed far
more ignorance of the real needs of the
people than the most ignorant of democracies.
The people alone are the sources of that real
knowledge which enables a State to be ruled
for the best good of its inhabitants. And
only by putting power in the hands of each
inhabitant can we hope to approximate in
the ultimate use of that power
good to the greatest number.
Seldom in the history of the world has
this great truth been so well proved as
in the experience of the American Negro.
Without civil or political rights, and admit-
ting every claim of benevolence on the part
of his master, he became a slave, whose very
existence threatened the industrial and
spiritual life of the nation. Emancipated
and given a vote, despite his ignorance and
inexperience, he gave the South three gifts,
so valuable that no one to-day would dream
of giving them up
1. The public-school system.
2. The enfranchisement of the poor
vhites.
3. The beginning of modern
ation in land reform, eleemosynary
stitutionsand social uplift.
The Negro was not disfranchised because
ae had failed in democratic government, but
oecause there was every reason to believe
that he would succeed, and it was his success
which the beaten masters feared more than
his failure.
Having disfranchised him with this fiction
of failure, that same fiction is being used
to-day to discredit democracy throughout the
nation, to stop the just enfranchisement of
women, to curtail the power of the foreign
born and their descendants, and to support
THE CRISIS
the argument in the twentieth century that
the democratic ideals of the nineteenth cen-
tury were in vain.
To the help of this program comes the
wholesale exploitation and despising of
colored races and the suicidal career of
universal conquest to which Europe stands
committed.
But the march of real democracy goes on.
fail in Slowly but surely the masses of men will
become the great depositors of the bulk of
both political and economical power, for
their own good. Only democratic govern-
ment can be both enlightened and selfish,
both bond and free.
LOGIC
1
NE of the interesting ways
of settling the race prob-
lem comes to the fore in
this period of unemploy-
ment among the poor. In
Waterloo, Ky., the enter-
prising chief of police is arresting all
the greatest
unemployed Negroes and putting them
in jail, thus securing their labor for the
state at the cheapest possible figure.
This bright idea did not originate in
Kentucky. It is used all through the
South and strong sermons and editorials
are written against ''lazy" Negroes.
Despite this there are people in this
country who wonder at the increase of
"crime" among colored people.
BOURBONS
1
HE Charlotte Observer
notes that a Philadelphia
social legis- paper has been asked why
in- the intelligent, rich and
thickly populated North
and West are divided into
nearly equal political parties while the
South votes simply the Democratic
ticket. The Observer explains ponder-
ously. It says that the reason is because
the Negro was enfranchised fifty years
ago. "This colored majority were Re-
publican and as a perfectly logical con-
sequence they forced practically all
white voters" into the Democratic party.
This is all clear and logical, but why
 EDITORIAL
in the name of reason are they still vot-
ing like one unthinking herd instead of
like intelligent beings? The Negroes
have been disfranchised. In the south-
ern South the black vote is quite negli-
gible. Caddo Parish, La., with a major-
ity of colored inhabitants has forty-nine
Negro voters and over four thousand
white voters. Why, then, are these four
thousand white voters voting without
rule or reason? Are they so afraid of
forty-nine votes? Certainly not. The
real reason is that there is no demo-
cratic government in the South. There
is simply an oligarchy kept in power by
skillful stirring up of hatred in the
breasts of men against persons of Negro
descent. In this way a vast rotten bor-
ough has been built up, and democratic
government in the United States cannot
triumph until this is destroyed root and
branch and the franchise based upon in-
telligence regardless of race or sex.
AGILITY
RS. 0. H. P. BELMONT
is coming in for consider-
able praise on account of
her facile answer to a dis-
turbing question while
she was campaigning for
suffrage in the South. At Chattanooga
she was asked if her movement meant
the giving of votes to colored women.
Mrs. Belmont was most adroit. The ex-
pectant hush fell on the audience and
instead of standing up like a frank
woman and saying "Yes," Mrs. Belmont
quibbled and twisted after the most ap-
proved southern fashion. "We want,"
she said, "the same voting privileges for
colored women as are given colored
men." And there the adroitness stands
naked and unashamed.
It will undoubtedly attract the sup-
port of those southerners who want
aristocratic white women to vote and to
vote their narrow-headed prejudices in-
to a new southern oligarchy. But there
are people whom such dishonesty will
not attract. It will not, for instance,
133
attract the tens of thousands of black
voters who are going to cast their ballots
in certain states this fall where the suf-
frage question will come up. They will
not be satisfied in having their black
sisters of the South disfranchised like
their black brothers and they will hold
in frank and logical suspicion a party
that is working for that kind of demo-
cracy.
Moreover, there are thousands of white
people in this country whom this kind
of quibbling disgusts. Everybody
knows what desperate effort has been
made by certain elements among the
suffragists to dodge the Negro problem,
to try and work for democracy for white
people while being dumb before slavery
for blacks. This element has been
squelched several times in the counsels
of the party but it continually bobs up.
Let the suffrage movement beware! In
the turnings of time Mrs. Belmont may
not be as adroit as she at present con-
ceives herself.
IN COURT
T has happened time after
time, in case after case.
The American Negro has
taken his cause before the
courts half prepared. He
has been warned of this.
He ought to have learned by bitter ex-
perience but he has not yet learned.
Law is not simply a matter of right and
—
wrong it is a matter of learning, ex-
perience and precedents. A colored
lawyer may go before a court with a
just case. He may bring learning to
his case. In nine cases out of ten he
cannot bring experience because the
color line in the legal profession gives
him little chance for experience. With-
out this experience his knowledge of
precedents must be limited.
Attorney Harrison, who brought the
recent Oklahoma case before the Su-
preme Court, is a man of intelligence
and devotion to his cause. He was
warned, however, frankly by lawyers of
 ;
: ; !

134 THE CRISIS

wide experience to associate with him- vastly set up by a contemplation of his

self the best legal talent of thecountry own perfections. He is white, handsome
so that his case might be adequately pre- and masterful and of goodly physical
sented. He refused this aid. He suc- proportions. Here, then, is a starting
cumbed to the temptation of trying to point. Persons who haven't his style of
bear the whole burden himself, under beauty and whose parents haven't been
circumstances where it was no dishonor able to send them to college and above
but ordinary carefulness to call to his all, persons whose faces do not reflect

aid other and more experienced attor-
neys. The result was that his case was
half lost. The strong statement which
was elicited from the court is
value, but the real decision which will
stop the Oklahoma experiment is yet to
come, and all the laborious work must be
done over again. How many times are
we going to repeat this foolish mistake
ROSS
,R.EDWARD A
WORTH ROSS h a s
found a new road to fame
and seems scarcely to
recognize that
road is quite old and
worn by many bloody feet. Mr. Ross is
the same amount of light as his open
countenance are being damned by Mr.
Ross for time and eternity.
of great "The black Portuguese," says the dis-
tinguished gentleman, "are obviously
Negroid, lack foresight and are so stu-
pid they cannot follow a straight line."
After this it would hardly be necessary
? to quote things that Mr. Ross would say
about Negroes. In fact, if Mr. Ross had
his way he would clean most human
beings off the earth. He has his firm
L S -
opinions concerning Jews, "dagos" and
the unspeakable East. The only diffi-
culty about this new crusader is that he
takes himself seriously and that current
the new magazines are sufficiently in want of
ideas to print what he says. Of such is
the kingdom of prejudice

To Keep the Memory of Charlotte Forten Grimke

By Angelina W. Grimke
are there wonders of the dark and day
Still The wild flowers that she loved down green
The muted shrilling of shy things at night, ways stray;
So small beneath the stars and moon; Her roses lift their wistful buds at dawn,
The peace, dream-frail, but perfect while But not for eyes that loved them best;
the light Only her little pansies are all gone,
Lies softly on the leaves at noon. Some lying softly on her breast.
These are, and these will be And flowers will bud and be
Until eternity; Until eternity;
But she who loved them well has gone away. But she who loved them well has gone away.

Where has she gone? And who is there to

Each dawn, while yet the east is veiled grey, say?
The birds about her window wake and But this we know
her gentle spirit moves
:

sing; And where beauty never wanes,

is
And far away, each day, some lark Perchance by other streams, mid other
I know is singing where the grasses swing groves
Some robin calls and calls at dark. And to us here, ah! she remains
These are, and these will be A lovely memory
Until eternity; Until eternity;
But she who loved them well has gone away. She came, she loved, and then she went away.
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE a a
m a m ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE
ANNUAL MEETING
'T^HE annual meeting will be held in New
-*-'
York City on Monday afternoon, Janu-
ary 4, in Room 521, 70 Fifth Avenue, at 3
P. M. This meeting is purely formal and
will, without transacting any business, ad-
journ until February 12. On that date there
will be two sessions: an evening public ses-
sion, over which Mr. Oswald Garrison Vil-
lard will preside, at Ethical Culture Hall, 2
W. 64th Street. The chief address will be
made by the Hon. Charles S. Whitman, the
Governor-elect, who will present the Spin-
garn Medal.
There will be other distinguished speakers
on the program including Prof. William
Pickens. The subject of the address of
Prof. Pickens will be Frederick Douglass.
Prof. Pickens, formerly of Talladega College
and now Wiley University, has devoted
at
himself teaching since his graduation
to
from Yale where he was one of the honor
men of his class, having been elected to the
Phi Beta Kappa and class orator. He is
becoming increasingly known as a lecturer
and is the author of "The Heir of Slaves."
The business session of the annual meet-
ing will be held in the Parish House of St.
Mark's Methodist Episcopal Church at 2.30
in the afternoon of February 12, and will
be open to members only. The Nominating
Committee of the Board of Directors, con-
sisting of Mr. Archibald H. Grimke, Chair-
man, Dr. F. N. Cardozo and Dr. C. E.
Bentley, announce as their unanimous choice
the nomination of the following directors to
succeed themselves as members of the Board,
their terms to expire in January, 1918:
Rev. John Haynes Holmes, New York; Dr.
V. Morton Jones, Brooklyn; Mr. John E.
Milholland, New York; Prof. George Wil-
liam Cook, Washington; Dr. J. E. Spingarn,
New York; Mr. Moorfield Storey, Boston;
Mr. Oswald Garrison Villard, New York;
Dr. 0. M. Waller, Brooklyn; Mr. William
English Walling, New York; Mr. Archibald
H. Grimke, Washington. These are to be
voted upon by the Association at its busi-
ness session, at which time a new constitu-
tion and by-laws recommended for adop-
tion by the Board of Directors will be pre-
sented to the Association for approval.
fl
MEETINGS
A PARLOR meeting was held at the New
•*"
York home of Mrs. Henry Villard on
*•
Saturday afternoon, November 21. Mrs. Vil-
lard, "who presided, made an eloquent plea
for justice to the Negro and dwelt on the
menace of race prejudice as illustrated in
the present war. Mr. Harry T. Burleigh,
the baritone and composer, captivated his
audience by his characteristically artistic in-
terpretation of selections from Negro spir-
itual songs and lullabies. The attention
which Mrs. Butler R. Wilson's address re-
ceived, was a significant tribute to its effec-
tiveness.
The Trenton Branch held a successful
meeting with Mr. Studin and Miss Kathryn
M. Johnson as speakers. A number of new
members was secured.
As a result of the meeting held by the
Branch of the Oranges at which Mr. Arthur
B. Spingarn, Chairman of the Legal Com-
mittee, and Mrs. Wilson spoke, fresh inter-
est was aroused in the work of the N. A. A.
C. P. and a series of meetings in the Or-
anges is now being planned.
At the meeting which was held at Howard
University in the interest of the Association
by College Chapter No. 1 a prize was offered
for the best essay on the work Of the N. A.
A. C. P. This was donated by Mrs. Henry
Villard and is a fine portrait of William
Lloyd Garrison. Stirring addresses were
made by Dr. Spingarn, Mrs. Wilson and
Mr. Thomas of the District of Columbia
Branch. The assembly hall was crowded to
its doors by enthusiastic students.
Dr. Spingarn and Mrs. Wilson also spoke
to large audiences in Wilmington and Har-
risburg. Many new members and subscrip-
tions to The Crisis were secured and in
Wilmington a branch was organized by Miss
Kathryn M. Johnson. Mrs. Wilson also ad-
dressed a series of meetings in Pittsburgh
which will be the starting point in the lec-
ture trip now being arranged for Dr. Spin-
garn in January, and which will include the
following cities: Columbus, Springfield,
Dayton and Cincinnati, Ohio; Springfield,
111.; St. Joseph, Mo.; Des Moines, Iowa;
Omaha, Neb.; Minneapolis, St. Paul, Toledo
and Buffalo. A few additional engagements
 :
136 THE
might be made for Dr. Spingarn if applica-
tion is made to the National Office immedi-
ately. Dr. Spingarn pays all his own ex-
penses.
BRANCHES
Baltimore: The ambitious program of
the Baltimore Branch for the next few
months indicates the activity of its members
in the work of the N. A. A. C. P. A con-
cert isannounced for Friday, December 18,
at Albaugh's Theatre. Miss Lucy D. Slowe
has entire management of this affair. Miss
Slowe, who is a teacher of English in the
Baltimore High School, is distinguished for
her executive ability. She was Secretary of
the Branch at the time of the annual con-
ference in Baltimore and too high praise
cannot be given her work. On February
12, a mass meeting to celebrate the anniver-
sary of Frederick Douglass will be held, and
on March 11, a second concert will be given
for the benefit of the Association when the
Williams Colored Singers will be heard.
Boston: The Boston Branch has won a
victory in persuading the Boston School
Committee to withdraw from the schools a
book entitled "Forty Best Songs" compiled
for school use by James M. McLaughlin.
This action was taken after a public hearing
lasting over an hour and attended by
a crowd which overflowed the corridors of
the School Committee Chambers. The Na-
tional Associationwas represented by some
of most distinguished officers and mem-
its
bers including Miss Elizabeth C. Putnam,
who led the campaign by securing the sig-
natures of manyof Boston's leading citizens
to the petition to eliminate the books from
the school system; Mr. Moorfield Story,
President of the National Association; Mr.
Francis J. Garrison, the last surviving son
of William Lloyd Garrison, and Dr. Horace
Bumstead. Mr. Butler R. Wilson, Secre-
tary of the Boston Branch, who presented
the case, summed up the matter as follows
"The objectionable words used in these
songs are such terms as are always used
all
in the sense of epithets and our children
have returned from school heart-broken over
the facts that these songs are sung in school
and that the white children had jeered at
them as a result."
Mr. Wilson was earnestly supported by
the Rev. Montrose William Thornton, the
Rev. Benjamin W. Swain, the Rev. Samuel
W. Brown, and the Rev. Powhattan Bag-
nail. Mr. Alonzo Meserve, Master of Bow-
CRISIS
doin School, said that the songs had caused
trouble in his school. The vote of the com-
mittee to discard the books was unamious.
Another victory
District of Columbia:
over segregation was won by the District of
Columbia Branch in the case of one of the
department stores in Washington which had
discriminated against two colored teachers
by requesting them to sit in a particular
part of their restaurant. Both the ladies
who are members of the District of Colum-
bia Branch are college graduates and prom-
inent in the Washington schools. The mat-
ter was taken up by the Branch and the
owner of the store has given assurance that
no discrimination would be tolerated in the
future.
El Paso This southern outpost an-
:
nounces that they have planned a co-opera-
tive Emancipation celebration with the local
churches, lodges and schools for Friday,
January 1, for the benefit of the Association.
Kansas City :The Association desires
through the columns of The Crisis to ex-
press its appreciation of the generosity of
the Kansas City Branch for the substantial
contribution recently sent in response to the
appeal to branches.
The ordinance introduced to prevent the
erection of the Baptist College on the Massie
property is now in the Public Improvement
Committee of the Upper House of the Leg-
islature. Dr. H. M. Smith, a member of the
Branch, has been most active in his efforts
to kill this ordinance.
Considerable space has been devoted in the
local press to President Jacob's reply to the
attack of Silas Harris on the questionnaire
which was sent by the Association to deter-
mine the attitude of the next Congress on
the race question.
The Branch announces that during the
winter it will conduct an oratorical and
musical contest open to the high schools and
colleges in Kansas City and vicinity. Two
cups will be offered as prizes, one going to
the school which presents the best oration,
and the other to the school which has the
best glee club.
Topeka: The National Association is to
be congratulated upon having as the Presi-
dent of one of its branches the Governor-
elect of a great western state, the Hon.
Arthur Capper, who has been President of
the Topeka Branch since its organization.
Mr. Capper is the owner of the Capper
Building. He came to Topeka in 1884 and
 :
THE
secured work as a typesetter on the Daily
Capital. He became successively reporter,
city editor,Washington correspondent, ow/i-
er and publisher of this paper, and in addi-
tion now also publishes several other papers
and magazines known as the Capper publi-
cations. He is director in several banks and
trust companies, is President of the Kansas
State Historical Society and of the Board
of Regents of the Kansas Agricultural Col-
lege, and prominent in several clubs.
LEGAL BUREAU
An illustration of a difficulty
Association sometimes meets in its legal
work is the Jim-Crow case from Okla-
homa, MeCabe et al vs. Atchison, Topeka
and Santa Fe Railroad Company, recently
argued before the Supreme Court of the
United States by Mr. William Harrison.
The Association has been interested in
came up several years
this case since it first
ago but as and telegrams addressed to
letters
plaintiffs' counsel generally received no re-
ply it was impossible for a long time to
ascertain anything definite.Finally the As-
sociation got in communication with Mr.
Harrison and after a personal interview de-
cided to comply with his request for co-
operation by advancing $180 to pay the cost
of printing the record of the case. We quote
from Mr. Harrison's letter to Mr. Storey
dated August 23, 1913
"Acting in the name of and for the Asso-
ciation, Miss Nerney said that as a condi-
tion precedent to furnishing costs in said
case it must be understood and expressly
agreed that counsel for the Association must
be invited to assist in the case and must co-
operate and fully understand all procedure
hereafter. To all of which I hereby and now
expressly agree and take pleasure in extend-
ing this invitation and request to Your
Honor to assist me in all things hereafter
pertaining to said case."
After examining the record of the case,
however, the attorneys for the Association
decided that it was not drawn so as to bring
the question at issue squarely before the
Court and that, therefore, the Association
could not further co-operate. The wisdom
of this decision is indicated by the statement
of Chief Justice Hughes to the effect that if
the case has come before the court in a dif-
ferent form it would have had a chance of
being decided on its merits.
N. A. A. C. P. 137
Judge Storey, writing to the Association's
attorney under date of November 19, 1913,
says:
"The plaintiffs in this case do not allege
that either of them has any cause of action,
they do not state that they have been denied
proper accommodations on request, nor do
they allege that they or either of them pro-
pose to travel. Reduced to its lowest terms
their case is this, —that the state of Okla-
homa has passed a statute which permits
the railroadcompanies to provide dining
and sleeping car accommodations for only
one race, excepting accommodations of this
the sort from the general rule that the accom-
modations for all passengers should be
equally good, that the railroad companies
will, under the provisions of this law, refuse
to provide equal sleeping and dining cat
accommodations and they ask that they be
enjoined from obeying the law. In the ab-
sence of any allegation that they or either
of the plaintiffs have suffered any injury, 1
do not see how either of them alone could
maintain a suit at law, or all of them to-
gether a suit in equity.
"If the question could be fairly presented,
I think the Court might be persuaded to hold
that the railroad company was bound to
furnish equal accommodations in sleeping and
dining cars to whites and Negroes alike, but
it seems to me that the way to raise the
question is, for some colored man to ask for
such accommodations and be refused, and
then bring suit for damages. I am unwilling
to go to the Supreme Court with a case
which I think cannot be maintained, for I
believe that would probably weaken my in-
fluence with the Court in other cases, and it
is very certain that cases of great impor-
tance to the colored race will arise in which,
perhaps, I may be able to help."
Another typical case is that of the bom-
bardment of the house of a colored man in
one of our large eastern cities. He had
purchased a home in a white neighborhood
into which he moved with his wife and
mother. In his absence a mob of boys
stoned the house breaking windows and do-
ing other serious damage. It was some time
before the police reached the scene and in
the meantime the two women were in great
danger. Th local press devoted columns to
condemnation of the outrage. The Associa-
tion sent a representative to the spot at once
and arranged to engage the best legal coun-
sel in the country. The man and his family
 ! ; ! !

138 THE CRISIS

were interviewed and then it developed that suggested that the Association reimburse
he had been advised by a city official by him for his investment in the house and move
whom he was employed as a chauffeur to a colored family into it.

drop the case. Assurance was given him In encouraging contrast to this is the case
that the city would reimburse him for all of a courageous colored woman in the same
damages to his property. The Association city who had had a similar experience when
could readily understand that no man would she moved into a white neighborhood re-
willingly risk his position in these hard times cently but who stayed on the ground. The
and also sympathized with him in his deci- guard placed about her home has been with-
sion to move his family as far as possible drawn and no further difficulty has been

from the scene of the riot; but the disheart-
ening part of the incident was his unwilling-
ness to sell his house to a colored family,
which would have probably meant a loss to
him on his original investment, or to even
anticipated. This case was conducted by
the local Branch of the N. A. A. C. P.
The following have recently been elected
members of the Board of Directors Dr. F. :

rent it a colored family, alternatives

to N. Cardozo, Baltimore; Mr. Butler R. Wil-
urged by the Association in order that a test son, Boston; Prof. George William Cook,
case might be made. On the other hand, he Washington.

In the Matter of Two Men

By James D. Corrothers

One does such work as one will not,
And well each knows the right;
Though the white storm howls, or the sun
hot,
The black must serve the white.
And it's, oh, for the white
flesh,
While the black man's muscles grow
Well, I know which grows the mightier,
/ know; full well I know.
The white man seeks the soft, fat place,
And he moves and he works by rule.
Ingenious grows the humbler race
In Oppression's prodding school.
And it's, oh, for a white man gone to seed,
The white man rides in a palace car,
And the Negro rides "Jim Crow."
is To damn the other with bolt and bar,
One creereth so low; so low!
And it's, oh, for a master's nose in -the mire,
man's softening While the humbled hearts o'erfiow
Well, I know whose soul grows big at this,
And whose grows small; / know!
The white man leases out his land,
And the Negro tills the same.
One works; one loafs and takes command;
But I know who wins the game
And it's, oh, for the white man's shrinking
soil,

While the Negro struggles so! As the black's rich acres grow!
And I know which race develops most, Well, Iknow how the signs point out at last,

I know; yes, well I know. I know ah, well I know.

;

The white man votes for his color's sake,

While the black, for his is barred
(Though "ignorance' is the charge they
make),
But the black man studies hard.
And it's, oh, for the white man's sad neglect,
For the power of his light let go!
So, I know which man must win at last,
I know! Ah, Friend, I know!
 THE STORY OF THE AMISTAD
gl By SUSAN E. VV. JQCELYN g$ |

"\/I"ORE than seventy years ago, a slave-

"*" ship that flew the flag of Portugal,
brought from Mendi, near Sierra Leone, on
the west coast of Africa, a party of fifty
men, and two or three children, who had all
been kidnapped for sale as slaves in the
United States.
In consequence of cruel treatment during
the voyage to Havana, a number of them
died. At this place they were placed on an-
other ship, the Amistad, along with their
owners, and were started for southern plan-
tations.

On shipboard they received such inhuman

treatment that their ire was aroused, and
finally broke forth in an uprising under
Cinque, the forceful leader of the band.
They overpowered the captain, and the crew
escaped in boats. Then they assumed con-
trol of the vessel and ordered the Spaniards,
Montez and Ruiz, who had purchased them
from the kidnappers, to steer them back to
Africa. In the day time, the sun assured
Them that they were sailing eastward, but at
night, the cunning Spaniards turned the
helm in an opposite direction, resulting in a
northwestern course, that finally brought
them to Long Island near Montauk Point,
when after much maneuvering, and many
misunderstanding's with the residents, they
were taken across the sound under the ar-
rest of a United States survey brig, to the
port of New London.
From there they were taken to New
Haven, and locked up in jail, biding the
time when a decision by the government
should send them back to Africa, or deliver
them to the Spanish government that claimed
them. In 1839, a time when the boasted
"Land of the free was also the land of the
slave," there was only one opinion on slav-
ery that could be expressed with safety to
life. However, these Africans were not
without friends who were determined that
these kidnapped men should be allowed to
go free. To this end, Mr. Joshua Leavett
and Mr. Lewis Tappen, of New York, and
the brothers Nathaniel and Simeon S.
Jocelyn, of New Haven, were appointed a
committee to procure funds for the protec-
CINQUE tion of these friendless ones. The best legal
Engraved by Sartain after the original painting advice was secured by these philanthropic
from by N. Jocelyn; now in possession of the
life
Historical Society of New Haven. men, so that the case should be well pre-
140 THE
sented, and there was a sharp fight for their
freedom, conducted most efficiently by Mr.
Seth Staples and Mr. Thomas Sedgwick, of
New York, and Mr. Roger S. Baldwin, of
New Haven, afterwards governor of Con-
necticut, and father of the present governor
of Connecticut.
At first it was difficult to get the facts of
the kidnapping, as the Negroes' language
was an unknown tongue. Finally, Professor
Josiah Gibbs, of Yale, interested himself to
the extent of catching a few of their words,
and then watching along the wharves in New
York, till he found an African sailor who
seemed familiar with the strange language.
This achievement was of great assistance to
the able lawyers who conducted the case in
court. So also was the portrait of the
leader Cinque, painted by one of the cham-
pions of their cause, Nathaniel Joeelyn, of
New Haven. The painting is preserved in
the Historical building in that city, and at-
tracts much attention there. It represents a
man of magnificent physique, who was also
described as the personification of agility
and grace, with a face of marked character.
The trial of the case which was held in
New Haven was decided in favor of the Ne-
groes, or the "Amistads" as they were then
designated, but an appeal was immediately
taken from District Court to the Circuit
Court, with the same result, and afterwards
it was carried still higher to the Supreme
Court at Washington. Excitement became
intense. President Van Buren leaned to the
Spanish, the southern side. Mr. Baldwin
renewed his efforts, and ex-President John
Quincy Adams, to whose name every colored
person should give honor, entered into the
case with keenest interest. His diary at that
time testified how near to his heart this
struggle for freedom lay.
Just outside the New Haven harbor a
schooner called the Grampus lay in waiting
Senator Tillman to the Editor of the Maryland Suffrage
My dear madam:
Your note of July 26th received along
with the clipping you sent. The same cru-
sade that is now going on to force woman
suffrage on the South has its origin among
the same type of sentimentalists who
brought about the Civil War and hounded
the southern people because of slavery.
CRISIS
several days, that the captives might be hur-
ried away as soon as a decision favorable to
the Spaniards was made, so that there would
be no time for an appeal on the captives'
part, but there was another vessel not a
great way off in those same waters, prepared
by the philanthropists, to frustrate this plan,
and give time for more argument. The cap-
tives were free-born, and merely kidnapped
into slavery.
The court commenced February 20, 1848,
and after many delays, on March 25th, a
despatch was sent to Mr. Baldwin in New
Haven, "The captives are free. Yours in
great haste and great joy, J. Q. Adams."
The friends of these men immediately set
about raising funds for their return to their
native land. In the meantime they were
taught to read and write, and the principles
of Christianity were instilled into their
minds by those who had helped them in
their trouble.
Finally a vessel was found in New York
harbor bound for Sierra Leone, and passage
was secured for them. Rev. James W. C.
Pennington, pastor of a colored Congrega-
tional church in Hartford, Conn., made an
effort at this time to send the gospel to
Africa, and this was said to be the origin of
the Mendi Mission which was in 1846 com-
bined with other societies, and became the
American Misisonary Association.
Of the five teachers who went out, two
were colored: Mr. and Mrs. Wilson, mem-
bers of Mr. Pennington's church in Hart-
ford. Mr. Wilson was once a slave, and
Mrs. Wilson a Connecticut woman.
In their native land some of these men,
it is said, fell back for a while into their
savage ways, but eventually the influence of
the religious teaching in this country assert-
ed itself, and they interested themselves in
the spread of Christianity among their
people.
News
I am
sending you under separate cover
copies of my speech on woman suffrage in
the Senate, and Dr. Bledece's article on
"The Mission of Woman," both of which are
commended to your careful reading.
There are two sides to this question as
everyone familiar with the South must know.
We have in South Carolina, a preponder-
 SENATOR TILLMAN
ance of Negro population,— 100,000 more
Negroes than white people. A moment's
thought will show you that if .women were
given the ballot, the Negro women would
vote as well as white women. Experience
has taught us that Negro women are much
more aggressive in asserting the "rights of
Negro men are. In other
that race" than the
words, they have always urged the Negro
men on in the conflicts we have had in the
past between the two races for supremacy.
We found it hard enough to maintain good
government under such conditions without
adding to our perplexities by giving the bal-
lot to women. You do not realize or under-
—
stand, you cannot in Maryland, —
because
that state has always had a white majority,
—
and a large one at that, what it is to have
a Negro legislature, or a majority of Ne-
groes in the legislature to make laws and to
levy taxes, as we of the South have had.
With a "free vote and fair count," which we
have never been willing to give the Negroes,
and never will, in my judgment, South Car-
olina and Mississippi would inevitably be*
dominated by Negroes; and the States of
Georgia, Florida, Alabama and Louisiana
would have a large Negro vote in their law
making and tax levying bodies. Consider
the results. The debasement of the ballot
has always produced corruption, and bad
government follows inevitably.
I am also sending you under separate cover
a photograph taken many years ago of the
first Reconstruction Legislature of South
Carolina in 1868. This will give you a
hint, and only a hint, of what our people
suffered until civilization seemed to be per-
ishing from the face of the earth; but with
the determination to throw off the yoke of
carpet-baggers, scalawags and Negroes, re-
gardless of law and the army, South Caro-
lina was redeemed in 1876 by its own true
sons by the aid of the shot gun and pistol,
as well as by the superior intelligence of the
white managers, who cheated the Negroes
mercilessly, because it was necessary.
As you seem to want to study this sub-
ject some, I will send you along with the
rest of the literature I am enclosing two or
three speeches on the race question, in which
I boldly told the Republicans to their teeth
on the floor of the Senate, that we "shot the
Negroes," "cheated them" and "stuffed the
ballot boxes."
141
Now, enough on that phase of the sub-
ject. I turn my attention to the clipping
you enclosed about the per cent, of girls be-
tween 10 and 15 as breadwinners in Alabama
and South Carolina, as well as the "age of
consent" being 14 in the above states.
If you know anything about the Negroes,
you know that very few of the women of
that race have any idea of virtue at all, and
that must be the reason why the "age of
consent" is so low. It is well understood
that when the puberty arouses the passions
in the sexes —
and those passions are most
virulent—Negro girls would take advantage
inevitably of white men and boys who had
sexual intercourse with them. If there was
a severe punishment, it would involve very
serious consequences. Mind you, now, when
I was in the South Carolina Constitutional
Convention in 1895, I did my very best and
urged with all the eloquence I had at com-
mand, that the "age of consent" be increased
to 16. But my arguments were unavailing
and the age was fixed at 14 for the reason
given above.
To judge of South Carolina on a basis of
per cent, you must remember that where there
are so many Negroes, there is obliged to
be lots of ignorance. It is very misleading
and unjust to urge against the South the dis-
parity which statistics show to exist in the
educational work. Then, too, all the accum-
ulated wealth which enables rich Northern
communities to levy heavy taxes to run their
schools many more months in the year than
we do, is much of
it owing to the poverty of
the South and their inability to bear heavier
taxation. The southern states were not only
devastated by the war, but they lost all
their property; most of the finest houses were
burned and in every way poverty seized on
our land. To follow this up and increase the
difficulties we have had to labor under, re-
construction came and the ballot was given
to Negroes.
the Ignorant, semi-barbarous
savages, many of them only one generation
removed and none of them more than three
generations removed, from the barbarians
in Africa, were given the ballot.
My dear madam, think of all these things
and then write me what conclusions you
reach about my present attitude in regard
to woman suffrage.
Very sincerely yours,
(Signed) B. R. TILLMAN.
 SEGREGATION
By MARY WHITE OVINGTON

EADERS of The Crisis wants get rid of him altogether.

to For
know that within the past instance, by segregating Negroes in the
three years there have been Printing and Engraving Department the
repeated efforts to legalize government may decide that a certain num-
the segregation of Negroes ber shall always work in that department,
in the cities of the United and thus assure the Negro of definite em-
States. These efforts have ployment. And in the passing of a seg-
taken the form of ordinances prescribing regation ordinance by a city, the white
the limits in which the Negroes shall live, people may determine to do better by the
and forbidding residence outside the pre- colored section than they have done by the
scribed limits. A
second segregation has legally unrecognized present colored quar-
taken place the incoming of the
since ters. And lastly, segregation decreases
Democratic administration; a segregation race friction and thus is right and best.
in government departments, not sporadic, The white man does not want to associate
at the whim of an individual foreman, but with any Negro but the servant, and if the
by order of the departmental head. Negro be self-respecting he will keep out of
The National Association and The Crisis the white man's way. As the Baltimore Sun
have fought this segregation, but while it has puts it: "Most white men have too much
been reduced mjuch of it still exists. self-respect to thrust themselves into company
There is, of course, nothing new in seg- where they are not wanted. It would be well if
regation. Negroes have been and are dis- the Negro could cultivate the same spirit.
criminated against throughout the country, It would do far more to elevate him than
and they are often segregated as they rent the moving into white blocks."
their dwellings and practice their trades. That segregation brings a momentary re-
But it is one thing for an individual or a lief from race friction and secures a definite
group of individuals to dictate a Negro place for the colored man is sometimes the
policy, and it is a different and more case. It did so when the Negro left the
serious thing when this policy becomes a white church and started his own, when he
law. In the first case, the oppressed race taught in his own school and doctored the
has a fighting chance; but when the dis- patients of his own race. But the segre-
crimination is legalized, to combat it be- gation with which we are concerned deals
comes a crime. with large bodies of colored men, employees
The policy of segregation is vigorously in one trade or industry, and with hundreds
defended, not only by the Negrophobist, of families seeking places in which to live.
but by many kindly and intelligent people How does it work out with these groups?
who believe that they have the colored To turn to Washington. Segregation in
man's welfare at heart. The arguments the government departments establishes a
that the latter put forth are of importance precedent for treating white workers and
and should be understood and met. colored workers as two sets of employees.
Legalized segregation, these people say, At present come under the same civil-
all
is necessary for the preservation of the service rules and are admitted on the same
white race. a racial instinct that
"It is examinations. But the placing of Negroes
causes the Negro be repulsive to the
to in separate rooms, the assigning them to
white man when associating with him on jobs by themselves, may easily break down
the same social plane." (Query: Is the their impersonal status as civil servants.
instinct racial that causes the Negro to be They may be placed in such positions as
repulsive to the white man when he wears the white men in power choose for them,
the uniform of a mail clerk, but disap- and may be paid such a wage as the same
pears when the same man dons the apron powerful white men deem suitable for a
of a waiter?) Secondly, segregation gives Negro. This has happened so often in the
the Negro a definite position
in the city South as to be entirely familiar to every
and government, of leaving him
instead southern colored laborer. The Southern
entirely to the mercy of the white man who Hailway, for instance, has two scales of
 SEGREGATION 143

wages — one white and one for its

for its the various races have their own attractive
when doing the
colored workers; the latter, quarters. But these cities are under im-
same work, receive only two-thirds of the perial rule. We must remember that
amount received by the white employes. America a democracy, and is therefore
is

Colored waiters are a segregated group and particularly unsuccessful with benevolent
receive a smaller wage than white. feudalism. A benevolent despot might take
Antagonism arises when you place your control of Richmond or Atlanta and divide
laborers in segregated groups. The fric- the city into pleasant sections, taxing heav-
.

tion may
be lessened between individual
employes, but it becomes more bitter be-
tween the groups. The employer of col-
ored and white labor in the South knows
this, and when he wants to break a strike,
to prevent concerted action on the part of
his workingmen, he raises the cry of race
solidarity and forces the white laborer back
to his pitiable wage by an appeal
still more pitiable race hatred.
perhaps an unimportant argument regard-
ing our wretchedly paid government work-
ers, but it is of vast importance in con-
nection with the efforts of southern whites
The Negro is used
to better their condition.
against them as a strike breaker, and con-
fusion is secured among a class that needs
to be united to secure any adequate return
for The official recognition of race
its toil.
lines at Washington will strengthen those
employers who reduce wages by pitting
race against race.
The advocates of segregation
though the Negro be separated from the
white workman, and though he receive a
smaller wage, he will be more likely to keep
his job than if he be daily in the presence
of the white man. But facts do not seem
to justify this hope. The Southern Rail-
way, of which we have spoken, expresses a
liking for colored employees, and would
allow them to work wherever they were fitted.
But the labor unions of the South, which
have now adopted a policy of complete
segregation, say otherwise; and a long and
bitter strike was called to prevent the
Negroes from acting as firemen. And so it
goes on all along the labor line. As the
two races are segregated, by their unions or
by their employers, friction increases and
the Negro usually goes to the
The legalizing of segregation
it is claimed, will provide attractive spots
where Negroes may dwell. But what pre-
cedent have we for thinking that this will
be the case? Perhaps those who honestly
uphold segregation ordinances as conducive
to the Negro's welfare are
the Oriental cities under British rule where
ily and impartially for the upkeep of the
whole. Such a despot would make equally
attractive the white and the colored quar-
ters. But in a democracy, of white voters
only, the city would not be ruled with im-
partiality. Colored people would be forced
to remain in such localities as the white
people did not like. And if by chance the
to his colored should succeed in beautifying their
This is quarter, they would have no assurance that
their white neighbors might not any day
steal it from them. Why not, indeed? The
white have the power to say where the col-
ored shall live; it is they who segregate,
and it is they who can give and take away.
One can imagine this policy creeping from
the city into the country, and one can see
the ordinances changing as the white citi-
zens change their minds regarding the most
desirable land. If anyone doubts the prob-
ability of this thing's happening, let him
read the story of the white man's treatment
believe that of the North American Indian.
And yet the Negro should submit to dis-
crimination because the white man wants
him to, and, as the Baltimore Sun says,
because it is rude to push yourself where
you are not wanted. Here we have the
second argument of those who favor
segregation.
This argument, we may at once note, is
for "colored consumption That is,only."
the Sun, or any other paper,
Baltimore
would not presume to write in this fashion
regarding a white nationality. First, be-
cause it does not want to offend the whites,
and, secondly, because it knows that it is
just because the white man has pushed him-
selfwhere he was not wanted that he has
We have a democratic
attained to success.
wall. form of government because the working-
in the cities, men of the early part of the nineteenth
century forced themselves upon the unwill-
ing legislatures and demanded representa-
tion in the council chamber. The story of
the growth of our cities is the story of one
despised group after another pushing its
familiar with way where it was not wanted and maintain-
ing its foothold. American progress, the
144 THE CRISIS

good and the bad of it, has been achieved And as I see practically no intermarriage
by ambitious, aggressive, pushing men. in those States permitted, I am
where it is
And this is not only the history of not concerned with the parlor. The South-
America; it is the history of England when ern girls whom I know are quite capable of
America was but the dream of a Genoese. taking care of that situation without segre-
Probably when the first baker took off his gation ordinances.
apron and set himself up as a gentleman he But what about the alley? For the sake
was informed that he was not wanted, and of our Christianity let us put aside our
that he would be far more gentlemanly if hypocrisy and recognize that it is not the
he went back to his oven. But the Bakers white woman who needs to be protected
and the Cooks, the Tailors and the Drapers, but the colored. The country to-day has
the^Shepards and the multitudinous smiths learned that women are sold by thousands
refused to cultivate the spirit recommended into the most horrible form of slavery.
by the Baltimore Sun. They took up other Prostitution, the white-slave traffic, these are
professions, they moved into new neighbor- facts that we have learned to face. Let us
hoods, and their descendants figure in the learn also that women, all of
the colored
telephone books in pretty much every re- them, are subjected to insult. The white
munerative occupation but that to which man, if he desires- to do wrong, knows that
their names assign them. the world will take his word against the
No, when we tell people that they should word of the colored woman. He may do
not push themselves forward, but should his worst without danger to himself. So he
stay contentedly where the ruling class puts brings amalgamation into the alley and
them, it means that we want to use these walks awiay leaving it bear the burden alone.
people our selfish ends.
for The labor The outcry for segregation continually
world, that world that pulsates now on tends to make the segregated race appear
every continent with a common spirit, as all of one kind, as all of one class.
knows this, and strives hourly to wrest Washington has its thousands of attractive
privilege from the wealthy few. The world colored girls, young women who have been
of women is awakening to a realization of carefully reared and who are modest and
the same truth, and is refusing to take the refined. And yet these young people are
place so long assigned to it by the master frequently exposed to petty insult and per-
class. And every advance made by this secution. The white men refuse to believe
world of women has been made against the in their virtue and they are molested in
policj'of self-effacement preached by the many little nasty ways. They learn to
Baltimore Sun. Sex segregation has been despise ranting Negrophobist, who is
the
nearly as bad as race segregation. Educa- always approach them, with a bit-
first to
tion, professional and business work, free- terness that only a virtuous woman who
dom of thought, these belonged to the has suffered insult can understand.
sphere in which men revolved; and it was I would propose another policy for the
only as women used pushing and aggressive administration and the good friends of the
methods that they forced an entrance. Negro in Washington. Drop segregation
But, says the believer in segregation, and preserve the purity of both races by
patiently or impatiently, according to his respecting colored womanhood. Encourage
temperament: "Don't you understand that the young women of color who are going
the arguments that apply to the white race quietly on their way and are annoyed by
do not apply to the black? It may be true white men to bring their cases into court.
that white men have been aggressive and I know a colored woman in New York who.
pushing, but we cannot permit this in the when she was spoken to by a white man,
colored man. If we do he will push his had him arrested by a policeman and ap-
way into our parlor and marry our daugh- peared against him. He gave as his excuse
ter. Amalgamation is unthinkable and we that he came from Virginia, but it proved
must be adamant in preventing it." of no avail with the judge, who fined him $10
Here is our last and omnipresent argu- and made him apologize. Impress the white
ment. To which I for one make answer; men of Washington that they will receive
that I do not, at least just now, desire to treatment similar to this. Try this policy
see amalgamation. But I oppose it, whether for a time and see if it does not reduce
it takes place in the parlor or in the alley. friction between the two races, always re-
 :

THE BURDEN 145

membering that friction is felt by both question together; and it will be hard if
parties. they cannot produce something more con-
Imagine such a policy in a man-governed ducive to justice and good feeling than
capital But there are women in Washing-
! segregation ordinances and the platitudinous
ton, white and colored, and the time may orations on the superiority of the white
come when they will grapple with the race Americans.

THE BURDEN
COLORED MEN AND WOMEN to me and advised me not to speak any more
LYNCHED WITHOUT TRIAL as the whites didn't like my speech. 'What
did I say to offend them?' I asked. The fol-
1885. 78 1900 107
lowing is a full list
1886. 71 1901 107
1. read a quotation from Mrs. L. H.
I
1887. 80 1902 86
1888. 95 1903 86
Hammond's book in which a white woman is
described as having entertained her beau in
1889. 95 1904 83
the kitchen.
1890. 90 1905 61
1891. 121 1906 64 2. I had mentioned a colored man who
1892. 155 1907 60 .
owned an automobile.
1893. 154 1908 93 3. Said I had attended a northern univer-
1894. 134 1909 73 sity and traveled in Europe.
1895. 112 1910 65 4. Said some white people came to the
1896. 80 1911 63 United States as indentured servants.
1897. 122 1912 63 5. Said Anglo-Saxon is not the greatest
1898. 102 1913 79 race in the world in point of numbers.
1899. 84 1914, 11 months 52
1914
6. Said I wanted to send my daughter to
Paris.
Total ,2,715
Itwas claimed that No. 1 reflected upon
white women Numbers 2, 3 and 6 showed
!

MISSISSIPPIGRAMS I believed in social equality and number 4

and 5 reflected on the white people in gen-
T G- "My son graduated from a
.

* * eral.' For saying these things in the course

law school in the North and came home
of a sjoeech an hour long, I was advised to
to practice. Old Judge , a good friend
be quiet and get out of town as soon as pos-
of ours for many years, advised that he leave
sible.
here as these people would not tolerate a
colored lawyer." At Greenwood, Miss.
At G "Since Vardaman's time the Vardaman's home. Reported Verbatim.
.

good white people are afraid to say any- —

Negro "Is there any mail for ?"
thing to protect colored people. And the Lady Clerk — (after—looking over a num-
others who get into office seem to do all the ber of letters for me)
—"Yes." "Is your name — ?"

meanness they can to Negroes, especially to Negro

those who have property and education. Clerk— "What did you say?"
They have ran several away from here. They Negro — "Yes, my name is ."

let the lowest type of Negro do anything Clerk —"Where did you come from?"
they want to us, and get off with it. It Negro — "I came from —— ."

seems that they don't want to have decent Clerk — "I thought you did not belong
and respectable negroes any more. around here, for folks around here's got
At C "I spoke at this place on 'The
. manners, and know how to speak to ladies.
Progress and Education of the Negro.' My Why didn't you say 'Yes ma'am?'" (giving
speech was an hour long and was applauded mail to me).
by some of the whites present. Next day I —
Negro "I beg your pardon madam, I
received this anonymous note: 'You have meant no discourtesy. They only say 'Yes'
done us great harm.' Several Negroes came where I came from."
 — " —
146 THE CRISIS

A Man's Voice— "If you aint got no man- Negroes say : 'Don't write anything about
ners you better learn some, and that quick." conditions down
here for it will make them
I went to my stopping place and told the worse, and whatever you say don't mention
incident as a great joke. The man of the my name, for in this country a Negro is ab-
house grew grave, his wife looked pale, and solutely without protection.'
got up and walked out to hide her emotion. "I have carefully inquired at a dozen
"You may congratulate yourself that there newstands for The Crisis but did not find
was only one white man who heard you. it, so I venture to write." —
From a Traveler.
Don't you go to that post office any more,
but you get out of this town as soon as pos-
sible," said the man of the house, "for a mob "In America 'before the war,' I do not
may come after you any moment." remember this contagion of luck phenome-
At Ackerman, Miss. non. But this summer I have had evidence
of the imperviousness of our social atmos-
(Negro to ticket agent on other side of
—"Please give me
office.) a ticket to Reform,
phere to manners thought reasonable in Eu-
rope. At one of the chief hotels of Con-
Miss."
Agent— "Did you say Reform?"
trexeville, whose waters are in great repute,
an American arriving just for dinner was
Negro— (Having forgotten the experience ushered at once to an empty place at the
of a few days before —in Greenwood ) 'table d'hote.' He attacked his soup and
"Yes."
Agent — "Did you say 'Yes' to me?" then gave his first glance to his neighbors.

Negro —"Yes." At his right was seated a well-dressed, well-

Agent —"Don't you know I am a white mannered colored gentleman.

"The American jumped to his feet, threw
man? Yousay 'Yes sir' to me or you won't his napkin at his unwelcome neighbor's head,
get any ticket here."
— —
Negro (calmly) "I thought you sold
and stalked haughtily from the room. He
had made a scene, which a gentleman never
tickets for money. I didn't know there was
does without necessity. The colored man,
any special way of asking for them."
—
Agent "You damn black nigger, you,
to whose presence none of the half-dozen
nationalities at table had dreamed of object-
you get out of here or I'll teach you how to ing, sat silent and hurt. He happened to be
talk to a white man." an American citizen also. An aged French-
So I paid my fare on the train. man, distinguished-looking and decorated,
At Wat erf ord, Miss. rose from his seat and complimented the
colored gentleman for keeping his temper,
At U. S. Post Office kept in a small store.
—
Negro (opening door) "Please — tell me
and expressed the general indignation at
what had happened. Meanwhile the white
where I mail these letters?"
American was heard outside wrangling with
White Man— (It was a legal holiday but
the proprietor, who informed him promptly
the storewas open. Several young men had
heen drinking.) —
"Take your head out of
that he was free to eat by himself at a sepa-
rate table in "the restaurant!" Evening
that door, nigger."
Negro —"I merely want to mail these let-
Post (New York City).

ters."
White Man — "If you do not get out of
there I'll fill your guts full of lead." •J Dr. Johann Kunst is trying to organize
So I moved away without mailing my let- an association to furnish to the German
ters,and well I did, for a half hour later I press and people biographical sketches of
met another Negro who had blood all over colored men of the less advanced races who
his face and shirt, his mouth and head hav- have distinguished themselves as scholars
ing been cut, and he told me that those white or inventors. In his travels in German*
men at the store did it. I asked my host Southwest Africa Doctor Kunst found that
what could be done. He replied: "You had the only colonist disposed to regard the
better say nothing about it if you want to native as other than a beast of burden
get away alive." created for the white man's benefit was an
old man who had fought in the American
"These are a few of the experiences of a Civil War "and had seen the penalty of
trip through Mississippi. Everywhere the evildoing."
 !

THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 147

The Time to Take

Life Insurance
Out of every nine people who apply for life insurance one of them can
never secure a policy.
That means that one person in every nine cannot secure life insurance at ac-
cost, under any form of policy from any company.
This has heen demonstrated just as truthfully as any fact in life insurance.
Last year over 100,000 applications for life insurance were declined. Think of
what a shock it must have heen to some of these folks who for the first time
realized that they must carry alone a risk too great for even the strongest life
insurance companies.
We, ourselves, declined 10% of the applications submitted to us last year for
a total of nearly Two Hundred Thousand Dollars. Some rejected applicants may
hide their alarm under the cloak of indifference or anger, but there is the secret
knowledge that comes with stunning force "I am so near to death that a life
:

insurance company does not feel able to assume a risk on my life. I am the one
!"
life in nine! I am impaired
The whole trouble was, these people waited too late to apply If they had !

applied sooner, they might have been accepted as would fully one-half of all the
people who are declined. There is one time, at least, in every man's life when he
can secure life insurance. There is also a time in every man's life when he
cannot secure life insurance. Are you waiting for that time when you cannot?
Maybe you are waiting to take out a policy when you are able. But have you
thought when you get able your health may be gone ? You may be impaired
You may be the one life in nine that is bad!
Maybe once in your life you had a policy and let it lapse. Maybe once in
your life you applied for a policy and didn't take it. Do you know whether you
could get that policy today? Nothing stands still. Decay is inevitable. Today you
may be impaired, whereas you were as sound as a new dollar last year. Don't you
know men among your friends who have suddenly sickened and died? Strong
robust men they were, who said that you couldn't kill them with an axe, but under-
neath there was a secret disease, unknown maybe to them, until it burst forth in its
deadly climax. They went into bad health before they were able to take their
insurance.
The time to take life insurance is now. The time to take life insurance is
when you can get it. You can get it today. But tomorrow you may be impaired.
And once you get it, hold on to it. You may never get it again.
Let us protect you, no matter where you live. Fill in the coupon and write
today while your are alive, sound and well, to

STANDARD LIFE INSURANCE CO.

200 Auburn Avenue
ATLANTA, :: :: GEORGIA
Please
send me
particulars

Capital Fully-Paid - - $100,000.00 /' insurance.

Over One Million in Insurance in force Amount $

Sex
Issues Policies from $250.00 to $5,000.00 /
A»?e

Occupation
HEM AN E. PERRY, President / Name
HARRY H. PACE, Secretary •'
Address
(C. Jan., 1915.)

Mention The Crisis

148 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

The 1915 Summer Session

at

WILBERFORCE UNIVERSITY
will be better than any previous session

Courses offered:

Normal Vocational
Business Manual Training
Accommodations excellent. Expenses low. Climate healthful.
Instruction the best.

Write for particulars. Address:

W. A. JOINER, Supt. Normal Department, Box 36

WILBERFORCE, OHIO

A Life of
Norris Wright Cuney
By
MAUD CUNEY HARE
(His Daughter)

Would you like to read about a red-blooded man who was one
of the great leaders of Negro Americans? Would you like to inspire

your children with the life of this "Tribune of the Black People"?

250 pages. Postpaid, $1.50. Best terms to agents.

THE CRISIS
70 Fifth Avenue New York City

Mention The Crisis

 '

THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 149

At Last
A CALENDAR!
The 1915 Crisis Calendar:
In print— clear and readable.
In matter— interesting and informing.
In appearance— beautiful and dignified
13 large leaves, 12 1-2 by 9 inches.

52 selections (one for each week in the

year) from leading Negro authors.

300 historic dates relating to the Negro

Race in America.
1 cover— worth the price of the calen-
dar— adorned with the picture of a

"Little Brown Baby with Sparkling Eyes. '

All on fine paper in well-known CRISIS style

and all for

25 Cents
Order now for they will soon be gone.

For Sale at The CRISIS Office

AND BY CRISIS AGENTS

Mention The Crisis

 .

150 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

WILL START YOU IN THE

I

MAIL-ORDER AGENCY BUSINESS

My father and I started on $40 worth of merchandise. We placed a few ads in the
papers. Got a few agents started. In 2 years our agents were selling over $100,000.00
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our agents wore selling goods all over the U. S. and in many foreign countries. We
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We didn't have to do any canvassing or peddling. Agents sold our goods. We started
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Mail-Order Agency Business. We
made an amazing success selling by mail.
Why can't you do as well? I will help you.

We Have Taken in Over $1,000.00 a Day!!

Think of a business like that by mail. Listen! The sales from just one general
agent made us over $10,000 a year profit. Suppose you started in your own
home witli a few good selling articles, placed a few ads in the papers, and got agents
selling your goods all over the country. Why couldn't you take in $100 a
day? I will start you; will give you a $60 Instruction Course FREE to study;
supply you with circulars advertising 15 meritorious specialties, printed with
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THIS $60 H. S. Robinson, Pres't, The Robinson-Butler Co.,
INSTRUCTION
COURSE FREE 146 Factories Building - - ' Toledo Ohio -_

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Mention The Crisis

 —

THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 151

SCHOOL OF BEAUTY CULTURE AND HAIR DRESSING

Kelsey's Hair Dressing, Hair Grower, Scalp Tonic and Face Lotion have no equal. Price, 50c. each.
Guaranteed under Food and Drug Act, June 30, 1906.

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day
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booklet.
and Body Massage, Hair Making, Chiropody,
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night.
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practice in parlor

143 West 131st St.

;

NEW YORK A. Kelsey, Chiropodist, President and Gen'l Manager.

Tllji*.^nilil\k3
C
tp A /~* "EI J? f> The new efficiency era calls
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_

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WEEK
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Jos. L. Jones, Pres.
I. RY. C. I., Dept. 28, Indianapolis, Ind. E. N. Corner 8th and Plum Streets, Cincinnati, Ohi*
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 — —

152 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

$3000 FOR YOU

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 —
THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 153

THE FACTS OF RECONSTRUCTION

By MAJOR JOHN R. LYNCH
What some of the readers of this wonderful book say about it

"I am
prepared to say with all candor that
your book contains the clearest, most unbiased,
comprehensive and satisfactory narrative of the
Reconstruction period and its happenings that I
—
have ever read." Bishop George W. Clinton,
Charlotte. N. C.
'
"It certainly embodies a plain and unbiased
statement of the facts of Reconstruction."
Bishop C. S. Smith. Detroit.
"To the charm of a singularly lucid and vigor-
ous style you have unconsciously added the lit-
erary beauty that comes from an intimate per-
with the facts narrated,
sonal acquaintance
viewed with unprejudiced eye and with the
wide sweeping vision that notes their correla-
tion to the evolution of our National life."
Rev. John Albert Williams, Omaha.
"The author sweepingly refutes the claim that
the party in power at that time blundered by
making the Negro a fellow citizen of the Re-
public with the same measure of rights, priv-
ileges and prerogatives enjoyed by all others."
Rev. J. C. Anderson, D. D., Chicago.
"I regard your book on Reconstruction as the
best I have seen upon that subject. I consider
it so important a contribution to that period of
our National history that I shall recommend its
adoption here as a book to be especially reported
on by our classes in American history." Prof. —
T. G. Steward, Professor of History, Wilber-
force University.
"The value of this book lies in its careful
statements and verified facts; an unusual phe-
nomenon when dealing with subjects pertaining
to the Reconstruction. I read it and immediately
re-read it, which is the highest compliment I can
—
pay any book." Dr. Charles E. Bently, Chicago.
"I have read with great pleasure your well
timed and valuable presentation of The Facts of
Reconstruction. * * * In judicial temper and
accurate statement, you have justified the high
esteem with which you were regarded during the
—
eventful period by both parties." Prof. Richard
T. Greener, Chicago.
"In The Facts of Reconstruction by Major
John R. Lynch, we find that rare combination of
memories verified by facts and impressions, sup-
ported by both logic and history. An up-to-date
book written by a scholar and a patriot." Dr. —
George C. Hall, Chicago.
"Your book gives me information I have been
searching for over twenty-five years." Dr. A. —
Wilberforce Williams, Chicago.

This book ought to be in every home. It is suitable for a Christmas, New Year, birthday or
wedding present.
Price $1.50 By mail $1.65
Address: Major John R. Lynch, 4321 Forestville Ave., Chicago, 111.

Atlanta University THE BOOK OF THE CENTURY

Studies of the A Pullman Porter s Memoirs
Negro Problems By
17 Monographs Sold Separately JACK THORNE
Address
A collection of original Short Stories of
ATLANTA UNIVERSITY CONFERENCE Travel, written in an entertaining and attract-
ive style, covering a period of ten years in the
ATLANTA UNIVERSITY ATLANTA, GA. Pullman Service.

Cloth Bound $1.00

The Curse of Race Prejudice Good Commission to Agents

By James F. Morton, Jr., A. M. Address: ARTHUR SCHOMBURG,

A. 63
West 140th St., New York City, or JOHN E.
An aggressive exposure by an Anglo-Saxon cham-
pion of equal rights. Startling facts and crushing BRUCE (Grit), 146 Warburton Ave., Yonkers,
arguments. Fascinating reading. A
necessity for N. Y.
clear understanding and up-to-date propaganda. Be-
longs in the library of every friend of social justice.
Price 25 cents. Send orders to
The Poems of Phillis Wheatley
JAMES F.MORTON, JR. the early Negro poetess collected by
211 West 138th Street New York, N, Y. RICHARD R. WRIGHT, JR., and
CHARLOTTE CROGMAN WRIGHT
Price, One Dollar
WANTED
Afj.nts for THE CRISIS. Dignified work. THE CRISIS
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154 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

LEGAL DIRECTORY PERSONAL CARDS

Telephone 5277 Morningside
„ . ,
Telephones:
(Central 104-W
| Main 61
DR. GERTRUDE
E. CURTIS
Surgeon Dentist
HARRY E. DAVIS 188 W. 135th Street New York Citjr
Attorney-at-Law Notary Public
1607 Williamson Building Cleveland, Ohio L. BELL
WILLIAM
Architect
138J4 Auburn Avenue Atlanta, Ga.

Office L.D. Telephone 3297 Market

Residence L. D. Telephone 5277-M Market
GEORGE A. DOUGLAS
E. ALDAMA JACKSON
Graduate Institute ofMusical Art, Organist and Director
Counselor-at-Law of Music St. Mark's M. E. Church
Rooms 613-614, Metropolitan Building Teacher of Theory and Piano
113 Market St., Cor. Washington, Newark, N.
Theory course embraces elementary and advanced
Harmony or Counterpoint.
Private or Class Work
General Practice Notary Public Studio : 30 W. 132d STREET, NEW YORK CITY
WILLIAM R. MORRIS
Attorney and Counselor-at-Law J. E. ORMES
1020 Metropolitan Life Building
Minneapolis Minn.
Audits
ACCOUNTANT Systems
Business information by mail. Open for
engagements July and August
Box 25, Wilberforce University
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Near Third and Hennepin AGENTS WANTED FOR
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A Selected List of Books
These prices do not include postage. Postage extra.

The Quest of the Silver Fleece. (W. E. B. Du Bois) $1.35

House Behind the Cedars. (Charles W. Chesnutt) 1.50

Hazel. (Mary White Ovington) 1.00

The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. (Anonymous) 1.20
Lyrics of Lowly Life. (Paul Laurence Dunbar) 1.25

The Marrow of Tradition. (Charles W. Chesnutt) 1.50

The Sport of the Gods. (Paul Laurence Dunbar) 1.50

Norris Wright Cuney. (Maud Cuney Hare) 1.50

A Narrative of the Negro. (Leila Amos Pendleton) 1.50

Souls of Black Folk. (W. E. B. Du Bois) 1.25

Race Adjustment. (Kelly Miller) 2.00

History of the Negro. (B. G. Brawley) 1.25

Half a Man. (Mary White Ovington) 1.00

Mind of Primitive Man. (Franz Boas) 1.50

Aftermath of Slavery. (William Sinclair) 1.50

John Brown. (W. E. B. Du Bois) 1.25

Negro in American History. (J. W. Cromwell) 1.25

Prince Hall and His Followers. (George W. Crawford) 1.00

Liberia. (Frederick Starr) 1.00

Facts of Reconstruction. (John R. Lynch) 1.50

Story of the Negro. 2 Volumes. (Booker T. Washington) 3.00

Masterpieces of Negro Eloquence. (Alice Moore Dunbar, Editor) 2.50
Poems of Paul Laurence Dunbar 2.00
The African Abroad. 2 Volumes. (William H. Ferris) 5.00
Afro-American Folksongs. (H. E. Krehbiel) 2.00

Out of the House of Bondage. (Kelly Miller) 1.50

The Colored Inventor. (Henry E. Baker) 15

A Child's Story of Dunbar. (Julia L. Henderson) 25

Address
THE CRISIS
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Attention, Masons!
A New Book of Interest to You
Prince Hall and His Followers
A carefully argued defense of the legitimacy of Negro Masonry in the
United States, with notes and documents, by
GEORGE W. CRAWFORD, 32°
A graduate of Tuskegee, Talladega and Yale, formerly clerk of the
Probate Court of New Haven and now a practicing lawyer there. Mr.
Crawford is one of the best informed Masons in the country.
COMMENTS
From James F.Rikards, 33°, Most Puissant Sovereign Grand Commander,
A. & A. Scottish Rite :

" 'Prince Hall and His Followers,' written by a scholarly Afro-American, pre-
sents to the Masonic world a treatise on the legitimacy of Negro Masonry that
should be in the hands of every Mason seeking for Truth. The information
contained in the chapter devoted to Prince Hall is alone worth to the young
Mason the price of the book. Brother Crawford's easy and pleasing style
creates in the reader a desire to complete the volume before putting the book
out of his hands."

From Henry A. Spencer, 33°, Grand Master and Grand Commander of

Knights Templar of New York :

"The book fills a long-felt want among intelligent Masons of our Race.
To know that we are right, and to substantiate that fact by intelligent research
and logical statements, is worth more to us than what the other fellow may
say. This is what Brother Crawford's book does and it should be in the hands
;

of every Mason of our Race."

From Jose H. Sherwood, 33°, Past Grand Master of Minnesota and

Deputy Imperial Potentate of Shriners :

"A very strong brief, setting forth plainly the legitimacy of Prince Hall
Masonry, and, as well, a stern call to all Negroes to assume full pride in the
happy possession of a Rite which can show such clear proofs of its contentions."

From William H. Grimshaw, 33°, Past Grand Master of the District of

Columbia and author of "A History of Colored Freemasonry" :

"I have read with great pleasure 'Prince Hall and His Followers.' The book
iswell written, containing clear and convincing diction. The impartial accuracy
with which the facts are marshalled makes the book a very valuable asset
to Masons."

Price One Dollar. Postage Extra.

ORDER NOW AGENTS WANTED

THE CRISIS
70 Fifth Avenue :: :: New York
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 <*—s

IRMIY— 31

®n ynu rail il|ts % lanft

nf % fm?
Wljat t0 it tn br ixn from
King dirorg? an& nm-
tittuetljF slawa nf King
ftojn&ire?

Wjat ia it tn be bnrn fwt

an& nnt tn lim fm?
— Thoreau

010
n
"Out of the House of Bondage"
The latest and greatest book from the pen of

PROFESSOR KELLY MILLER

"No man of his race has so sure a power of prunning falacies with passionless
intellectual severity." —Boston Transcript.
"The man searches deeply into underlying causes." — St. Joseph, Mo., News-Press.
"A philosophic treatise." — Charlotte, N. C, Observer.
"No student of social conditions of America at the present time will want to fail to see
it on his shelves." —Southern Workman.

242 Pages. Price $1.50.

Agents Wanted Everywhere

Address: Prof. KELLY MILLER, Howard University

Washington, D. C.

HAZEL
The Story of a Little Colored Girl

By MARY WHITE OVINGTON

Author of "Half a Man"

Price $1.00 net. Postage Extra

For sale through our agents and at THE CRISIS

office, as well as at leading book stores.

THE CRISIS, 70 Fifth Ave., New York City

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THE CRISIS
A RECORD OF THE DARKER RACES
PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF
COLORED PEOPLE. AT 70 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY
Conducted by
W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS
AUGUSTUS GRANVILLE DILL, Business Manager

Contents Copyrighted, 1915, by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Contents for February, 1915 \

PICTURES
COVER DESIGN. By L. H. Latimer. Page
SIX KNOXVILLE LEADERS 185-187
THE HAMPTON-HOWARD FOOTBALL GAME 192
"O SAY, CAN YOU SEE BY THE DAWN'S EARLY LIGHT," etc.
Cartoon by Jackson 197

ARTICLES
OF COLORED KNOXVILLE 185
THE SEASON'S FOOTBALL. By Edwin B. Henderson 191
BREAKING THE COLOR-LINE. A Story. By Annie McCary 193
THE LYNCHING INDUSTRY 196
A PILE OF BOOKS 198
VILLANELLE. A Poem. By Otto Bohanan 187

DEPARTMENTS
ALONG THE COLOR LINE 163
MEN OF THE MONTH 169
OPINION 172
EDITORIAL 181
THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF
COLORED PEOPLE 188

TEN CENTS A COPY; ONE DOLLAR A YEAR

FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS TWENTY-FIVE CENTS EXTRA
RENEWALS: When a subscription blank is attached to this page a renewal of your subscrip-
tion is desired. The date of the expiration of your subscription will be found on the wrapper.
CHANGE OF ADDRESS: The address of a subscriber can be changed as often as desired.
In ordering a change of address, both the old and the new address must be given. Two weeks'
notice is required.

MANUSCRIPTS and drawings relating to colored people are desired. They must be accom-
panied by return postage. If found unavailable they will be returned.

Entered as Second-clots Matter in the Post Office at New York, N. Y.

8
<^|ll£
 :

160 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

Atlanta University MOREHOUSE COLLEGE

(Formerly Atlanta Baptist College)
Is beautifully located in the City of Atlanta,
Ga. The courses of study include High ATLANTA, GA.
School, Normal School and College, with Academy, Divinity School
College,
manual training and domestic science. Among
the teachers are graduates of Yale, Harvard,
An institution famous within recent years
for its emphasis on all sides of manly develop-
Dartmouth and Wellesley. Forty-five years
of successful work have been completed.
—
ment the only institution in the far South
devoted solely to the education of Negro
Students come from all parts of the South.
young men.
Graduates are almost universally successful.
Graduates given high ranking by greatest
For further information address northern universities. Debating, Y. M. C. A.,
President EDWARD T. WARE athletics, all live features.

ATLANTA, GA. For information address

JOHN HOPE, President

Knoxville College ST. MARY'S SCHOOL

Beautiful Situation. Healthful Location.
The Best Moral and Spiritual Environ- An Episcopal boarding and day school for
under the direction of the Sisters of St
ment. A
Splendid Intellectual Atmos- girls,
Mary. Address
phere. Noted for Honest and Thorough
Work. THE SISTER-IN-CHARGE
Offers full courses in the following departments:
611 N. 43d St. W. Philadelphia, Pa.
College, Normal, High School, Grammar School and
Industrial.
Good water, steam
age.
heat, electric lights, good drain-
Expenses very reasonable.
AVOID BAD SCHOOLS
Opportunity for self-help. Educate your children at home under our expert teachers
Fall Term Began September, 1914.
For information address
Courses for Adults
Pupils received at any time. Write to
President R. W. McGRANAHAN
KNOXVILLE, TENN. Educational Extension School, Box 3194 Station F, Washington, D. C.
Highly Endorsed. Financially Responsible.

The Agricultural and

WILEY UNIVERSITY
MARSHALL, TEXAS
Mechanical College
Recognized as a college of the First Class
by Texas and Louisiana State Boards of
Maintained by the govern- Education. Harvard, Yale and Columbia
ments of North Carolina and represented on its faculty students gath- ;

of the United States. Open ered from ten different states.

all the year round. For

Strongest Music Department in the West
males only. Fall term be-
gan September i, 19 14. M. W. DOGAN, President

Board, lodging and tuition,

$7 per month. Best oppor- FISK UNIVERSITY
tunities for Negro youth. NASHVILLE. TENN.
Night school for indigent Founded 1866 C. W. Morrow, Dean
but ambitious young men. Thorough Literary, Scientific, Educational
For catalog or further infor- and Social Science Courses. Pioneer in

mation, address Negro music. Special study in Negro history.

Ideal and sanitary buildings and grounds.

PRESIDENT DUDLEY Well-equipped Science building.

Christian home life.
A. & M. College Greensboro, N. C. High standard oi independent manhood and
womanhood.
Mention The Crisis
 :

THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 161

The National Religious Training School

"I cordially commend the school's interest and needs to all who believe
in the Negro race and in our obligation to help promote its intellectual, moral
and religious uplift."
— Rev. Dr. Charles H. Parkhurst, New York City.

IT IS MORE THAN A MERE SCHOOL

IT IS A COMMUNITY OF SERVICE AND UPLIFT
Its influence is destined to be felt in all sections of the country in improved
Negro community life wherever our trained workers locate.
Settlement workers, missionaries for home and foreign mission fields, Y. M. C. A.
and Y. W. C. A. secretaries and district nurses receive a comprehensive grasp of their
studies under a Wellesley graduate and experienced co-workers and actual every-day
practice through the school's SOCIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT.
We aim also
to create a better qualified ministry.
Industrial training, advanced literary branches, business school.
Thirty-two acres ; ten modern buildings healthful location.
;

We can accommodate a few more earnest, ambitious students.

Communities requiring social workers should write us.

For catalog and detailed information address

PRESIDENT JAMES E. SHEPARD
National Religious Training School Durham, N. C.
The school has no endowment fund and must raise a yearly maintenance fund
of $15,000 for running expenses. Won't you help us this year?

The Cheyney Training School for Teachers

CHEYNEY, PENNSYLVANIA

Under the management of the Society of Friends. Beautifully located,

healthful, well appointed, and within easy reach of a great variety of educa-
tional institutions, public and private, extending from West Chester to
Philadelphia representing a wide range of educational problems and
;

practice.

This school offers to young colored men and women who have a reasonable
secondary school preparation, and who earnestly desire to become teachers,
carefully graded courses in academic work, domestic science, domestic art,
manual crafts and For teachers of experience and intending
agriculture.
teachers it summer-school course during the months
offers also a six weeks'
of July and August. Tuition is free. Board, lodging, heat, light and
laundry privileges are offered for nine months for $100. The charge for
the same during the summer-school course is $15. Write for particulars to

LESLIE PINCKNEY HILL, Principal

Mention The Crisis

 "

162 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

Enroll now in the OF INTEREST TO VOCAL STUDENTS
BEREAN MANUAL TRAINING TONE-PLACING AND
VOICE- DEVELOPMENT
and Industrial School Points explained, viz.: Breath in
Singing, Trying the Voice, the
SOUTH COLLEGE AVENUE, Opposite Girard College Soprano,
the Mezzo-Soprano, the
Contralto, Tenor Leggiero or High
PHILADELPHIA, PA. Tenor, the Baritone, the Bass,
Parts of the Vocal Apparatus, the
Mouth, the Tongue, Position when
Practising, Position when Singing,
Winter Term opens Monday, January 4th, How to Practice, Good Rules for
1915; Spring Term opens Thursday, April Singing.
Comment from the conductor of the Paulist Chor-
1st. 1915. isters, the celebrated choral society which received

MATTHEW ANDERSON, D. D,
the first prize awarded at the International Singing
Contest held in Paris on May 25, 1912:
Principal "Dear Mr. Tinsley:
"I take great pleasure in commending your very
useful and succinctly written book on 'Tone-Placing
Georgia State Industrial College and Voice-Development.' Your own appreciation of
the psychology of singing and the fundamental prin-
Graduated in June 51 members; 2 from Col- ciples of the art you have cleverly reduced to a
lege Department, 15 from Normal Depart- simple system. Cordially yours,
ment and 34 from "Father WILLIAM J. FINN, C. S. P.,
Industrial Department. Director Paulist Choristers of Chicago.
Opens October 1st.
From "Musical Courier," N. Y. "A very practical :
R. R. WRIGHT, President, Savannah, Ga. little book is 'Tone-Placing and Voice-Development,'
by Pedro T. Tinsley. It contains some very excellent
material and vocal exercises, and should be in the
hands of all vocal students."
The Poems of Phillis Wheatley From "Music News," Chicago, 111.: "Accordingly
his 'Practical Method of Singing' is a most concise
the early Negro poetess collected by and practical little manual, containing many valuable
vocal exercises. It cannot fail to be helpful to all
RICHARD R. WRIGHT, JR., and ambitious vocal students."
CHARLOTTE CROGMAN WRIGHT HELPED HIM GREATLY
Price, One Dollar "Since I practised your exercises of 'Tone-Placing
and Voice-Development' my voice is more resonant
than it has been for years. It seems to me that I

THE CRISIS am getting a new voice." Prof. John T. Layton,

Director Coleridge-Taylor Musical Society, 1722 10th
70 Fifth Avenue :: New York St., N. W., Washington, D. C.
PRICE $1.00
"GLEANINGS FROM DIXIE-LAND" Address the publisher: Pedro T. Tinsley, 6448 Drexel
Ave., Chicago, 111.; or Clayton F. Summy, 64 E. Van
Ten poems by Buren St., or Lyon & Healy, Adams and Wabash
Effie T. Battle, A.M. Ave., Chicago, 111.

"Mrs. Battle has an

individual gift of melody."
—
Springfield Republican.
"You owe it to your race to publish your poems in THE NATIONAL TEACHERS' AGENCY
book form. '—Editor, Southwestern Through us school authorities, without expense or
Christian Ad-
vocate. delay, get into communication with the strongest and
"Verses are smooth, graceful, high-minded and most carefully investigated teachers in all lines.
clear,
reverent to all truth, appreciative of all beauty and
Teachers who seek positions or advancement should
true inspiration."— George W. Cable. register with us and avail themselves of our expert
PRICE service. Prompt and courteous attention to corres-
25 CENTS. pondence.
Address: Okolona Industrial School, BOWLES,
B. F. Manager,
Okolona, Miss. 2739 Converse Avenue East St. Louis, III.

«A MOTHER'S LOVE"
is the of one of our five new Negro pictures, just off the press.
title

It portrays a beautiful young colored mother fondling her sturdy

babe.
Painted in 2 colors it is rich and elegant and every home should
1

have a copy hanging on its wall. Write us for description of our new
pictures and terms to agents. For 5 cents in stamps we will send a
1

sample copy of "A JOYFUL WELCOME INTO HEAVEN",

the picture which our agents have sold 25,000 copies of during
the
past few months.
We make a specialty of enlarging photographs. Tbe finest work possible, guar-
anteed, at reasonable prices.

AGENTS WANTED EVERYWHERE

<±X"?orr r The Douglas Specialties Co.
Department K
(Trade Mark) 3S48 Vernon Avenue, Chicago, :: 111.

Mention This Crisis

 THE CRISIS
Vol. 9 -No. 4 FEBRUARY,
SOCIAL UPLIFT
A SOCIAL planned in connec-
center is
-**- tion with the Metropolitan A. M. E.
Zion Church in St. Louis, of which Dr. B.
T. Shaw is pastor.
<| Social service conferences are being held
in theSouth under the council of Congrega-
tional Churches.One has been held in New
Orleans and has determined upon a social
survey of the colored city.
<I The probation officer of Oakland, Cal.,
says that the nationalities who keep their
children out of the courts are the Chinese
and Japanese, the Negroes and the Jews.
€fl The State of Virginia is going to devote
$3,000 of the Lever Agricultural Fund to
Negroes. This state and Alabama are the
only ones thus far who have shown any dis-
position to let the Negro population share
in this national fund.
1$ In Charleston, W. Va., an examination for
mine foreman, certificate was recently held.
Out of 96 applicants 19 were successful,
among whom was a Negro, W. H. Lacey.
<| Los Angeles, Cal., has a colored Doctors'
Association and a Nurses' Association.
•I A social center for colored people is being
planned in West Chester, Pa.
q The Rev. H. H. Dunn of New Orleans in
a sermon has outlined the progress of the
colored people of New Orleans for the last
year: The first public play ground for col-
ored children was opened; $500 was raised
by the colored citizens for it, and white citi-
zens contributed $2,300 in addition; white
and colored physicians met together to dis-
cuss Negro health; a Negro public library
1915 Whole No. 52
has been started; the city council has pur-
chased a site at a cost of $8,000 and appro-
priated $2,500 annually for maintenance; a
building valued at $33,000 is nearing com-
pletion. The public school system still lacks
a high school but there are 8,164 pupils en-
rolled and 155 public school teachers of
whom 8 are white. One new school building
has been opened. The eighth grade has been
restored in 3 schools and will be started in
other schools this month. There are a num-
ber of patrons' and parents' clubs.
<]J
The University Race Commission com-
posed of southern white men has held its
fifth annual meeting in Washington.
•1 Howard University is making a collec-
tion of Negro Americana. Dr. J. E. Moore-
land has recently given his collection of 7,-
000 books to this collection.
C| The American Public Health Association
met in Jacksonville, Ma., and discussed
health and sanitation among Negroes.
<I At the public exhibition of the
first
Thumb Box Painters of Syracuse University
25 artists presented 135 separate paintings.
James Herring, a colored student, received
Mr. Her-
first prize for figures out of doors.
ring has for several years had charge of the
art instruction at the Wilberforee Summer
School.
«I The Negro Year Book for 1914-15 edited
by M. N. Work of Tuskegee, Ala., has been
issued. It contains 417 pages of encyclo-
pedic material. It can be obtained at Tus-
kegee for twenty-five cents, or thirty-five
cents by mail. It is a most valuable com-
pilation.
164 THE
<$ The Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic
Railway Co., with headquarters at Sault Ste.
Marie, Mich., operates its own sleeping and
dining cars with colored help entirely. The
three sleeping-car conductors are A. Ray,
C. M. Blackburn and M. F. Mason, all col-
ored.
<J Col. C. A. P. Hatfield was recently re-
tired from the Ninth Regiment, U. S. Cav-
alry. In his general orders he paid tribute
to the soldiers of the Ninth and Tenth Regi-
ments, saying among other things: "I feel
that never in my military career has it come
to me so intensely and with such heartfelt
feeling to say before I leave what I think of
you and what the Government of the United
States must surely think of you, as to the
duty you have performed in this camp while
under my command."
€f Charitable work among colored people has
been carried on to an unusual extent during
the Christmas season. The Times Picayune
of New Orleans, a white paper, distributed
toys among thousands of poor colored chil-
dren. The colored people raised $1,100 to-
ward the fund. In Philadelphia the Colored
Hotel Brotherhood distributed gifts among
462 colored children.
MUSIC AND ART
nr*HE Philadelphia Concert Orchestra, an
* organization deserving the highest
praise for its continued maintenance of the
highest standard in the art of music, gave an
excellent concert at Parkway Auditorium,
Philadelphia, Pa., onDecember 28th. Miss
Blanche Esther Williams, soprano, was the
soloist and was heard in Scene and Aria
from the opera "Aida" by Verdi. The or-
chestral numbers were the overture "Der
Freischuetz" by Weber; Symphony No. 2 in
D major, and the march "Tannhauser" by
Wagner.
<J Ricordi and Co., music publishers, an-
nounce among their new songs "The Hour
: saying that William Farrow won a first prize
Glass" and two poems by W. R. Henley,
"Bring Her Again to Me" and "The Spring,
My Dear," set to music by the distinguished
composer, Mr. Harry T. Burleigh.
<J On December 18th at Albaugh's Theatre,
Baltimore, Md., The National Association
for the Advancement of Colored People pre-
sented Mr. Roland W. Hayes, tenor, of Bos-
ton, Mass., and Mr. Felix Weir, violinist,
assisted by Miss C. Beatrice Lewis, before
an appreciative audience. Mr. Hayes, whose
beauty of voice and communicating power
CRISIS
gives great pleasure in the singing of songs,
was also heard at Clarksburg, Va., and other
southeastern cities in the month of Decem-
ber. The pieces assembled on his program
were by Jensen, Johnson, Coombs, Bond,
Rummel, Tipton, Burleigh and Puccini.
(§ During the month of December, Mme.
EstellePinckney Clough, the well-known so-
prano of Worcester, Mass., filled a number
of engagements in Philadelphia, Pa. At the
concert given at Music Fund Hall Mme.
Clough sang most effectively "The Indian
Bell Song" from Lakme and "The Cuckoo"
by Liza Lehmann.
Cfl Through the services of Mr. Donaldson
Smith, the African explorer, valuable eth-
nological specimens have been installed in
the Museum of the University of Pennsyl-
vania. The collection includes many war
weapons, wood carvings, beautiful orna-
ments of ivory from Abyssinia and cloth
made on primitive looms.
"The Dust of the Earth" was produced
*§
at Wilberforce University under the direc-
tion of Miss Hallie Q. Brown. It was a play
in four acts with 9 players.
<1 Acaste of 35 people under the direction
of Mr. William Speights produced a comedy
opera at the Carlton Avenue Branch of the
Brooklyn Y. M. C. A.
C| The Fisk Jubilee Singers gave a concert
at Nashville, Tenn., in aid of the Belgian
Relief Fund. Eight hundred people were
present and the gross receipts were about
$400.
f^ Edward Dennis, pianist and baritone, ap-
peared in "An Evening of Interpretations."
Mr. Dennis will sing the title role in Men-
delssohn's "Elijah" under the direction of
Mr. Frederick Wood.
C| Mr. Hilbert E. Stewart * gave a piano
forte recital at Bethel A. M. E. Church,
Chicago.
•f The Crisis was mistaken last month in
in painting at the Montgomery County, 0.,
art exhibtion. His work did, however, re-
ceive this notice in the Dayton, 0., Journal:
"There are two very excellent canvases in the
exhibit doneby a young colored artist, Will-
iam Farrow, who is forging to the front by
sheer force of will. He is studying at pres-
ent at the Chicago Art Institute. While
working eight hours a day to support him-
self, he puts in his spare time and his even-
ings at his favorite occupation and is getting
results. The portrait 'Alice' is gentle and
 ALONG THE COLOR LINE 165

attractive in color and in his other pictures
he has achieved the task of showing
difficult
glass and flowers and sheet music set against
the light of an open window."
CJ Miss C. D. Boger, contralto
Chicago, 111., and Miss Helen Hagan,
New Haven, Conn., the well-known piano
soloist, are appearing in concert work in the
South.
If Several troupes of jubilee singers are on
tour, among them the Hann Jubilee Singers
who recently gave a successful concert in
Santa Fe, New Mexico, and the Williams'
Colored Singers of Chicago who are touring
the East and will give concerts in Mt. Car-
mel Baptist Church, Washington, and the
Manhattan Casino, New York. The latter
concert is under the Utopia Neighborhood
Club.
EDUCATION
'T*HE General Education Board has dur-
* ing its existence given aid to colored
institutions as follows : Hampton
$138,000, Tuskegee Institute $135,483, Spel-
man Seminary $196,912, other institutions
$85,384, making a total of approximately
$555,780. To provide for higher education
of Negroes, contributions have been made to
colleges and universities as follows Atlanta
complaints had emanated neither from the
children under Mrs. Russell's care nor from
their parents.
tfl The Northern Virginia Colored Teach-
soloist of ers' Association has held its eight annual
of institute at Manassas.
C| Cardinal Farley of New York
opened the
colored parochial on 138th Street.
school
The school will accommodate 500 children.
€fl The State Superintendent of Public In-
struction of Texas says: "The Negro has
for more than a generation been our scape-
goat for backwardness in educational sta-
tistics. But no longer can this old excuse do
service in face of the facts. The same rec-
ords above referred to show that in Texas
there are 275,346 Negro children within the
scholastic age, 7 to 21 years. Last year 162,-
000 of these Negro children enrolled in the
public schools of the State, and their attend-
ance record was 57 per cent., compared with
66 per cent, for the while children of the
Institute
State. The United States census report for
1910 shows that Negro illiteracy in Texas
decreased during the decado 1900-1910 by
42,520 persons, while the same report shows
that illiteracy among the whites increased by
11,299 souls."
<1 The colored people of Delaware are pro-
:

testing to the authorities against the

Baptist College $5,000, Atlanta University
wretched condition of the colored schools in
$8,000, Fisk University $70,000, Lake Col-
that state.
lege $7,000, Leland University $2,000, Living-
stone College $12,500, Miles Memorial Col- <J The ninth annual conference of the

lege $5,000, Paine College $5,000, Shaw Uni-

Higher Colored Schools of Virginia met at
Virginia Union University.
versity $18,000 and Virginia Union Univer-
sity $11,500; total $144,000. MEETINGS
€| A School of Domestic Science for Negroes
r ''HE annual Tuskegee conference met
I
will be opened in Tampa, Fla. -*- January 20th and considered the pres-
^ Negro educators of West Virginia are ent agricultural depression and kindred
asking for state scholarships for deserving subjects.
young colored students. <I The American Negro Academy held its
CJ The schools of the District of Columbia eighteenth annual session in Washington.
are again in turmoil. Mr. R. C. Bruce is the Among the speakers were: Dr. W. H.
storm center and the conduct of the Normal Brooks, Dr. C. Gr. Woodson, and the Rev.
School is An "Oldest
especially criticized. J. R. L. Diggs.
Inhabitants' Association" has published a <J The colored people of Jacksonville held
strong indictment of the present conduct of an important mass meeting and adopted a
the colored schools. protest addressed to the authorities of the
t| The effort to have Mrs. Francis Russell, city and county setting forth circumstan-
the colored teacher of Cincinnati, in charge tially that in the lastfew months 8 colored
of a special class of white pupils at the citizens have been shot and killed by police-
Peaslee School removed has so far resulted men without any action on the part of the
only in high praise. The superintendent city to punish the reckless officers.
says : "It will be impossible to replace Mrs. C| The Seventh session of the Texas Con-
Russell, for her attainments are of an excep- gress of Mothers and Parent Teacher's As-
tionally high order and her work is very sociations for Colored Women was held in
nearly incomparable." He declared that the Austin, Texas, in conjunction with the
166
Colored State Teachers Association on Nov.
26, 27 and 28, 1914. Mrs. Josie B. Hall
presided and music was furnished by Paul-
Quinn, Sam Houston and Tillotson Colleges.
The Kindergarten program was managed by
Miss B. V. Cummings, more than One Hun-
dred children particicating. An important
"eature was the "Better Baby Show,"
Aliss Louise Turner of Austin taking first
prize. Bishop I. B. Scott and other promi-
nent persons were in attendance.
PERSONAL
THE Hon. W. Vernon, former Reg-
T.
ister of the United States Treasury, is
lecturing in the West.
<I The Rev. W. H. Weaver of Indianapolis
delivered the address at the Emancipation
Celebration in that city.
t| Mr. Booker T. Washington addressed the
white Y. C. A. in Bridgeport, Conn.
M.
<f Mr. William Monroe Trotter, editor of
the Boston Guardian, has been lecturing
in the East and Middle West on his exper-
ience at theWhite House.
<J Mr. W. H. Jackson for eight years assis-
tant doorkeeper of the House of Represen-
tatives, Rhode Island, was recently elected to
the City Council of Newport on the Repub-
lican ticket.
<| Rev. William Beckham, a prominent
secretary of the colored Baptists of America,
is dead.
C| James F. Bundy, secretary of the How-
ard University Law School since 1890, is
dead. He
served six years as a member of
the Washington Board of Education.
•J The Rev. John B. Reeve for a long
time
pastor of the Central Presbyterian Church
of Philadelphia has retired from his pulpit
at the age of over 80. He is succeeded by
the Rev. William E. Griffin.
<| A
competition calling for designs for a
civic center in a suburban district of
dena, was recently held.
Cal., The first
prize was won by Mr. Paul R. Williams a
colored architect of Los Angeles.
C| Prof. Frederick Fairfield, a white man
who for many years was Dean of the College
of Arts and Sciences of Howard University,
is dead.
C| Frederick Arthur Robinson,
police sergeant, in the city of Cambridge,
Mass., died after 30 years service. He was
given a public funeral.
<J Charles S. Sutton, a young
colored man
of Cleveland, has been appointed enrolling
dlerk in the State Senate of Ohio.
THE CRISIS
<I Mrs. Effie T. Battle is giving recitals of
her own poems in a number of schools in
the South. Her second volume is in press.
CJ A colored man, Mr. Took, attempted to
prevent a white man of Pine Bluff, Ark.,
from abusing a mule. The colored man was
fatally stabbed.
little €| Randolph J. Tarns, the only colored mem-
ber of the Dayton, Ohio, Fire Department,
for the past eight years, recently made the
highest grade in an efficiency examination of
all the members of the department. Hia
mark was 99.2 per cent.
POLITICS
TT is reported that President Wilson is
* now wavering in his promise to appoint
a colored man as Recorder of Deeds of the
District of Columbia.
•I The attempt of the United States Senate
to exclude colored immigrants to the United
States was killed by a decided vote in the
House. Congressman Burnett, of Alabama,
Representative Mann, of Illinois and Rep-
resentative Madden, of Illinois, were the
chief defenders of the Negro,
fl Vardaman of Mississippi is still trying
to repeal the Fifteenth amendment of the
Constitution of the United States, modify
the Fourteenth and introduce "Jim-Crow"
field cars into the District of Columbia.
^ An estate valued at $139,000 is said to
have been left by John W. Holland, a re-
tired Negro caterer of Philadelphia.
ECONOMICS
rT*HE unfortunate order of True Reform-
-*- ers of Virginia is again in trouble.
Floyd Ross, late head of the order, has dis-
appeared from Richmond.
Q The United Brothers of Friendship, a
colored fraternal insurance company of
Texas, reports an income of $32,916 for the
last three months. It has an invested fund
Pasa-
of $34,000 and claims 13,500 members.
Q The Colored Social Settlement of Wash-
ington, D. C, expended. $2,153 last year.
It holdsproperty worth about $6,000.
The National League on Urban Condi-
<fl
tions Among Negroes reports an income of
$17,615 for 1914.
a colored THE CHURCH
AT OTHER ZION CHURCH has recently
*** removed to 136th Street, New York
City, and been re-dedicated. m
The church
was founded in 1796, had its first building in
1800, was rebuilt in 1820, burned down in
1839 and rebuilt in 1840. It moved to West
 :

ALONG THE COLOR LINE 167

Tenth and Bleecker Streets in 1864, to West am not talking union labor, I am talking
89th Street in 1904 and to West 136th white labor or black labor. Do you want
Street in 1914. Its pastor is the Rev. J. W. Nigger labor and will you tolerate it? It is
Brown. white territory over on the beach the same
CJ If the new parkway is built in St. Louis as it is here, but those Niggers are living
threeNegro churches will be dispossessed but in a house there. Would you like to have
good prices for their property.
will receive a Nigger family living in a house next door
They are therefore in the market for new to you? The Niggers go bathing with the
property and the white Christians of St. whites. Would you want to go in bathing
Louis are correspondingly alarmed. with a Nigger. There are two ways of
fj The Baptist Sunday Congress of 1915 doing things, and I don't believe in passing
will be held in Birmingham, Ala., and it along and ignoring it."

promises to be a large meeting. There will €J Colored people of Wilmington, Del., are
be four brass bands, a special train and a protesting against the dismissal of the only
large attendance. colored man on the police force.
^ St. Thomas Episcopal Church of Phila-
delphia has recently been celebrating the an-
niversay of the birth of its first rector, the
Rev. Absalom Jones.
fj Bishop W. H. Heard of the African M.
E. Church has been collecting funds for a
motor boat to aid in his work in Liberia.
The boat was recently launched and named
the "African Methodist."

COURTS
rT**HE Criminal Court in Louisville, Ky.,
* has affirmed the judgment of the Lower
Court in upholding the segregation ordi-
nance. The case now goes
to the Appellate
Court.
fj The white Shriners of Atlanta are again

trying to silence the colored body through

the courts.
•I The colored Masons of North Carolina
have been fighting each other in court. The
case has finally been settled by a fine on
four of the defendants.
fj Mrs. Lucretia Nichols of Philadelphia
sent her two children to the moving picture
show. When they did not return in time
she went for them and was roughly treated
by one of the attendants and finally arrested MRS. ARTHUR LITTLE
for "riot." She was given a small fine in
court, but determined to fight the matter and tfl A
year ago Arthur Little, son of a promi-
finally secured a judgment in her favor with
nent physician of Detroit married Alma
damages. Wade. Two months ago Mr. Little refused
to live with her longer, alleging that she is
THE GHETTO colored. Mrs. Little is now trying to find
r_ pHE Central Labor Union of Miami, Fla., out whether she is "white" or "black."
* declares that "organized labor must €J Mary C. Marshall has sued the Aitkin,
maintain the barrier between whites and Minnesota, Methodist Sunday School for
blacks in Miami." The trouble arose over making her sit apart from the other pupils.
a colored orchestra and the head of the Cen- A judge has granted a temporary injunction
tral Labor Union said to the Board of against further discrimination.
Trade €J Miss Christobel Pankhurst, {he English
"It is a question of white or black. I suffragrette, has found to her surprise that
168
there is discrimination against the colored
people in the United States even in philan-
thropy.
1$ In Oberlin, Ohio, Mr. Leroy Fields was
for two months temporary driver for the
American Express Co. The local agent
said that he was one of the best drivers that
had ever worked for him and local patrons
asked for his permanent appointment. The
higher officers in Cleveland, however, refused
to appoint him permanently on the ground
that it was against the policy of the com-
pany to appoint colored drivers in the
North.
The Harvard men of Washington, D. C,
IJ
recently asked Mr. C. G. Woodson
their club. Heout the application and
filled
was thereupon by the president of the
visited
club who explained that his application could
not be accepted because he was colored. Mr.
Woodson was recently granted the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy by Harvard Univer-
sity.
<I Judge Charles E. Gathreaux of New Or-
leans, a rich and influential white man, left
his entire estate to his Negro nurse. The
estate is valued at $375,000.
•I Col. A. H. Jennings of Shelby County,
Tenn., willed his entire estate of $80,000 to a
colored woman, Mrs. Bettie Hicks, and her
seven children, of whom he acknowledged
himself to be the father.
<J The Rev. Duncan McMillan, pastor
J.
emeritus of the New York
Presbyterian
Church the Rev. Bruce Clark of the Church
; black mass of highway labor of the South/'
of the Puritan; Robert Levers, a real estate
man, and T. P. Ward of the New York
DESIGNED BY MAY HOWARD JACKSON
ON SALE AT GORHAM'S, NEW YORK
THE CRISIS
Telephone Co., recently protested at a hear-
ing against granting a license for a moving
picture show at Lenox Avenue and 129th
Street, New York City. Their reason was
that this would bring an influx of colored
people and that 130th Street ought to be the
dividing line between colored and white
people.
The State Boxing Commission of Wiscon-
<][
sin has decided not to allow colored boxers to
give exhibitions in the State.
€| Mr. Joseph Carroll, an industrious
colored man, bought property at 474 Monas-
tery Avenue, Philadelphia. His white
to join
.
neighbors nailed up his front door and tried
other methods of driving him out. The
police are, however, protecting him.
CRIME
A SUMMARY of lynchings for 1914 will
* *-
be found on page 196. During the
month of January two Negroes, Ed and Will
Smith, were taken from jail at Wetumpka,
Ala., and lynched. They were accused of
being implicated in the murder of a white
farmer.
•J The following is from the Atlanta, (Gra.)
Constitution'.
"The delegates to the American Road
Congress, hundreds of whom are from dis-
tant sections of the country and have never
had an opportunity of witnessing the 'great
will be treated to this rare sight Wednesday
afternoon at 1 o'clock, when 700 Negro con-
victs of Pulton County will march by the
Auditorium.
"The striped procession of black criminals,
doomed by the hand of justice to pay the
penalty of their crimes, will assemble at the
State Capitol and march across the Wash-
ington Street viaduct past the Auditorium.
"Every movable piece of property be-
longing to the Fulton County department of
public works will be in the procession. It
will include the wealth of road machinery
owned by the county. Every convict camp
guard, every bloodhound puppy, used -to
track escaped convicts, and every county
road official will be in the propaganda."
^ The white man who tried to rob a Negro
bank in Atlanta, Ga., has escaped from
jail. He simply walked out and the guard
did not stop him.
 MEN OF THE MONTH

A POLICEMAN parents a few years ago celebrated their

T AFAYETTE REID MERCER, for more golden wedding. He leaves a brother who is
*-' than twenty years a policeman in Steu- a physician, another who is a dentist, and
benville, 0.,was killed last July while arrest- another a trusted employe of the Westing-
ing- a drunken man. Mr. Mercer was one house Air Brake Company. Beside these
of the most efficient officers on the force and there are eight other brothers and sisters.
had kept his position during many changes The funeral service of the murdered po-
of the eitj administration. One of the local
7
liceman was a remarkable tribute to his char-
newspapers said "He combined intelligence
: acter. The body lay in state in the court
with an utter lack of fear." White people house and thousands of white and colored
of the highest character who desired special people paid their respect to it. The city
protection for women members
of their were closed and business largely sus-
offices
family always put them in the care of Mr. pended while the officials, police and fire de-
Mercer. partments, joined in the funeral procession.
He was born fifty-two years ago in Mt.
Pleasant, 0., and was three or four genera- AN ASSISTANT POST OFFICE
tions removed from slavery. It was at Mt. SUPERINTENDENT
Pleasant that Benjamin Lundy started his ALEXANDER G. KING was born in
anti-slavery magazine in 1821. Mercer's Petersburg, Va., January 24, 1875. He

THE LATE L. R. MERCER MR. A. G. KING

 170 THE CRISIS

A CENTENARIAN
"OICHARD HOOPS, perhaps the oldest
J-^- colored man in the United States, died
about a year ago in Osage City, Mo. He
was apparently considerably over a hundred
years old, and insisted that he was living in
Yorktown, Va., when Cornwallis surrendered
to Washington. Two of the oldest white in-
habitants of Osage City, both seventy years
of age, say that Hoops was regarded as an
old man when they were boys.
For many years Hoops lived in a little hut
on the banks of the Osage River, spending
open air hunting and fishing.
his life in the
Afterward he removed to a cave up in the
wilds of the river and finally the county
clerk provided an allowance for him. His
memory was excellent as to dates, names and
faces. He left one married son and a num-
ber of distant relatives.

AN EDITOR
TN the Northwest Number of The Crisis it
was "Tacoma has a colored paper
said,
that is not colored." The editor of this
THE LATE RICHARD HOOPS paper is a colored woman, Mrs. Ella E.
Ryan. The Forum has a local circulation of
a thousand and is supported by the white
has lived in New York City since he was five
years old, was educated in the public schools
and received appointment as a clerk in the
New York Post Office in March, 1892. His
appointment was at Station E, Seventh
first

Avenue and West Twenty-eighth Street.

From here he was transferred to the sub-sta-
tion at Columbus Avenue and Eighty-fourth
Street. On February 17, 1907, he was as-
signed to the Wall Street Station as assistant
superintendent. There are three such assist-
ants and they supervise the work of numer-
ous white clerks. The Wall Street Sub-sta-
tion handles more mail matter than any other
station in the city. Postmaster Willcox, who
made the appointment, said: "While King
happens to be a Negro, I want it to be un-
derstood that this has nothing to do with his
appointment. We do not draw any racial
distinction in this service. King has been
in the service for fourteen years and is a
thoroughly capable man."
When the Democratic administration came
in at Washington there were some rumors
that certain white clerks were beginning to
see the shadow of the color line in Wall
Street, but it is pleasant to know that Mr.
King still holds his position. MRS. E. E. RYAN
 !

MEN OF THE MONTH 171

community almost entire- High School he was

ly. It is a newsy little president of his class of
sheet, out-spoken, and 500 boys and graduated
busy in local politics. as second man in the
While it is not "colored," class. At Colgate he
it always takes a strong made a remarkable rec-
stand for racial justice ord, receiving the high-
and against segregation est marks, and would
and discrimination. The undoubtedly have gained
paper is now eleven the Phi Beta Kappa key.
years old. Mrs. Ryan, An editorial in the col-
assisted by her husband, lege paper says "He :

who is a publisher, has was a quiet man. There

been prominent in many was a fine restraint in
of the forward move- all that he said and did.

ments in Tacoma. Form- He never swept into

erly, as a hairdresser in things with overwhelm-
Spokane, she acquired ing enthusiasm, which
property and is said to promised more than it
be worth $20,000. On accomplished. But now
three occasions she and that he is gone, we are
her husband have pub- beginning to know how
lished "Ryan's Biblio- much he was to us. How
graphical and Statistical faithful was to the
he
Compendium" of the leg- task that was his. How
islature, State of Wash- unassuming, and yet how
ington. Mrs. Ryan was full of quiet confidence
born in Hamilton, 0., were those words with
and reared in St. Louis. THE LATE N. L. gilbert which he was wont to ac-
cept new obligations. We can hear him now,
as he used to say, 'Well, ah reckon ah can,
ole man !' And we remember that we were
A PREMATURE DEATH
sure, when he said the words, that the thing
^EWTON LLOYD GILBERT, Colgate would be done. We are braver, because he
-*-^ University '15, died November 23, at fought the good fight. We are truer because
Selma, Ala., from paralysis, at the age of 25. he was true, in our own. We have felt the
The students' association of his college allude impress of his life on our own lives, and we
to him as "Our beloved friend and fellow- know that we shall be better men through
student," and refer to his "manliness and all our days for having known him."
nobility of character." It is easy to see from How fine it would be if every white college
the numerous testimonials that Gilbert was boy in the United States could meet a col-
an unusual young man. He led his class ored school mate like this
through the public schools of New York City Young Gilbert's father, the Rev. M. W.
graduating from the grammar school in 1909 Gilbert, is a Colgate man and now president
with two gold medals. In DeWitt Clinton of Selma University, Alabama.

^ The Church Peace Union has offered during the recent explorations in the Nile
$5,000 in prizes for essays on international Valley, as told by Prof. Sayce at the Egypt
peace. $1,000 will be given for the best Exploration Fund meeting held at the rooms
monograph by any pastor; two prizes of of the Royal Society, London. The ruins
$300 and one of $200 will be given to stu- cover a larger area than those of Memphis
dents in theological seminaries. Seventy and include a royal city with palaces, public
other prizes of smaller sums will be award- baths and gymnasia, as well as streets and
ed. Full particulars may be obtained from dwellings. The town was the center of the
the Rev. Frederick Lynch, 70 Fifth Avenue, iron and the smelting furnaces
industry,
New York City. which have been unearthed, worked enough
<I The African Pompeii was discovered metal to supply the whole of northern Africa.
 THE SMOULDERING FIRE possible the appearance any day of a new
Mr. Oswald Garrison Villard, writing in 'Uncle Tom's Cabin.'
the New York Evening Post, says: "Is it not incredible, in view of the mag-
nitude and threatening character of the
"The smouldering intensity of the race problem, that it remains practically un-
problem in America is well illustrated by
touched from an administrative point of
the steady stream of books dealing with it
view, that it is almost wholly overlooked
which reaches the reviewer's desk. Every
by our governmental agencies, that our
shade of opinion is usually represented, but
statesmen are indifferent to it. Even
in the list before us the hopelessly bitter
President Wilson, with his keen construc-
anti-Negro screed is fortunately lacking. It
tive mind, his readiness to tackle every other
is a sign of good omen, as is the fact that
problem and to offer a solution for it, is
the book of emotion and purely personal
content to pass this by when he can, or if
feeling without knowledge is less and less to
he cannot, to lose his temper over a rudely
the fore. Instead, we have a growingly seri-
aggressive recital of the race's wrongs, or to
ous effort by white and colored writers alike
dismiss the question with a story as he did
to deal in a scientific spirit with what is
the other day when a group of Southern
the least solved and least understood of our
investigators called upon him."
problems to apply to it the laboratory
social ;

method so warmly urged as the necessary

resolvent in all matters sociological. THE MOUNTAIN IN LABOR !

"I would not, of course, deny that the The extraordinarily small result of Pres-
tract is still urgently needed. There is so ident Wilson's attempt to express him-
much that cries out to high Heaven in our self on the race problem has brought much
treatment of the Negro that ardent appeals plainly expressed disgust and little praise.
to the American conscience, to our spirit of The President is reported to have said
justice and fair play, must still be in order. to the Southern University Commission on
Dr. Du Bois's 'Souls of Black Folk' remains Race Problems:
the high-water mark of this form of writing, "Our object is to know the needs of the
as is attested by its reaching its ninth edition Negro and sympathetically help him in every
—one of the few really great books to come way that is possible for his good and our
out of the South since the loosening of the good.
fetters. But notable
as is this portraiture "I think that men like yourselves can be
of a soul oppressed, there is the greatest trusted to see this great question at every
need of other forms of writing, such as
still angle. There isn't any question, it seems to
the coldly portrayal of historic
scientific me, into which more candor needs to be put
fact and the calm analysis of the clashing or more thorough human good feeling, than
elements in this social and political problem. this. I know myself, as a Southern man,
There is, moreover, increasing need of inter- how sincerely the heart of the South desires
preting not only the views and aspirations the good of the Negro and the advancement
of one race to another in a friendly and of his race on all sound and sensible lines,
helpful spirit, as does Booker Washington, and everything that can be done in that
but of approaching the Southern difficulties direction is of the highest value. It is a
as a governmental question to which some matter of common understanding."
answer must be found that is consonant with To this the New York World replies:
the —
grim realities so grim as to make quite "It is not often that President Wilson
 : —
OPINION
can be accused of lack of sincerity but what
shall be said of his remark relative to the
Negroes of the South that "'there isn't any
question it seems to me, into which more
candor needs to be put or more thorough
human feeling,' and that 'I know myself, as
a Southern man, how truly the heart of the
South desires the good of the Negro and the
advancement of his race on all sound and
sensible lines; it is a matter of common
understanding'?
"These words were spoken to the Uni-
versity Commission on Southern Race Ques-
tions, made up of representatives of eleven
Southern colleges. They might have been
uttered fifty years ago by a Confederate
Brigadier. They do not vary much from
the sentiments expressed in the years before
the war by the most extreme advocates of
slavery.
"Negroes are citizens of the United
States, entitled to all the rights which Mr.
Wilson as President is sworn to protect. To
what other section of our population, large
or small, would he refer in such terms of
condescension? If it is imaginable that any
other elements of our people could be subject
to the limitations placed upon the blacks, is
it conceivable the President would
that
speak thus of their possible advancement on
'sound and sensible lines'?
"Mr. Wilson chanced to be born in Vir-
ginia, but he is not President because he is
a Southern man, and the World ought not
to be forced to acquaint him with the fact."
The New York Globe adds
"The Negro is supposed to be the equal
of the white man before the law. His
rights should be respected, above all, by the
Federal Government. And as head of the
Federal Government President Wilson, as
far as lies in his power, should compel this
respect, which, unfortunately, is so lacking
in substance. He cannot better show his
'thorough human good feeling' toward the
Negro than by putting an end to the present
Jim-Crowism in Washington."
The Norristown (Pa.) Times says:
"If President Wilson hoped, by his late
speech on the Negro question, to 'cover up'
the unpleasantness caused by the segrega-
tion acts of some of his Cabinet members,
with respect to white and Negro clerical
workers, he will be disappointed. His
words were those of a scholar, to be sure
high sounding and interesting; yet, boiled
and put to the crucial test, they reveal, after
: :
173
all, only the characteristics of the one who
parries."
The Syracuse (N. Y.) Standard, speaking
of "common understanding," says
"In Caddo parish in Louisiana there has
been a grievous misunderstanding the past
fortnight. Because of the murder of two
whites a mob of 200 men have taken the
administration of injustice into their own
hands. Eight Negroes have been lynched
in ten days in this small community, without
a pretense of resistance by the local author-
ities and with no claim that all of them
were guilty. There is no Southerner who
values his self-respect who will defend this
substitution of anarchy for law, by consent
of public officers."
The paper continues:
"May we suggest ; because the question has
only recently been under discussion, that it
is not dealing with the Negro sympathetic-
ally, that it is not bidding his friends who
are seeking to serve him 'God speed' to segre-
gate him in the government offices at Wash-
ington."
To the manifest delight of the Bourbon
South Mr. Booker T. Washington hastened
to commend the President. The Macon
(Ga.) Telegraph says:
"It is interesting to read of the present
attitude of Booker T. Washington toward
President Wilson, since the Trotter incident.
He was in New York a few days ago and
the Sun publishes the following relative
thereto
"The present war will have a serious effect
on more than ten million white and Negro
farmers who grow cotton in the South, ac-
cording to a statement made yesterday by
Dr. Booker T. Washington, the noted Negro
educator, when seen at the Hotel Biltmore
on his arrival from Tuskegee, Ala. He was
much pleased, he said, with the remarks of
President Wilson in outlining his attitude
toward the Negro when he told the Univers-
ity Commission on Southern Race Questions
on Tuesday that 'our object is to know the
needs of the Negro and sympathetically help
him in every way that is possible for his
good and our good."
"Every thoughtful man North and South,"
he went on, "will agTee with the President.
I think his statement represents a growing
liberal sentiment on the part of an increas-
ingly large group of Southern white people.
The President has always manifested a deep
interest in the education and development

174
of our race, even before he went to the White
House, as I have had occasion to know.
"The above is simply additional evidence
that Booker Washington deserves the posi-
tion he occupies as a leader of his race. He
is not outwardly concerned with the ques-
tion of whether or not his people are to be
allowed by the President to wash their hands
with white people. He has always advo-
cated and advanced industrial education for
his race, not bothering about social recogni-
tionby the whites. His college at Tuskegee
isfor the training of the mind to guide the
hand in useful enterprise.
"There are millions of white people who
don't enjoy social equality with their
race, and they would be miserably uncom-
fortable if they had it.
"Whenever the Negro equips himself and
demonstrates his social equality, he will be
above quarreling with any man for not as-
sociating with him. He will convert his os-
tracism into exclusiveness, and be just as
happy in it as any of the white ultra elects
are now.
"It is Booker Washington doctrine
the
that uplifting and helpful for the
is sensible,
Negro, rather than the Trotter theory. The
latter's agitation of a few weeks ago accom-
plished nothing but a little political
to the hurt of the people, who can
to be hurt."
The Montgomery Advertiser
(Ala.)
quotes the foregoing editorial with approval
and adds:
"The less American Negroes
attention
give to the frenzied words of irresponsible
agitators of the impossible Trotter type and
the more attention they give to Booker
Washington's sound views, the better off will
our Negroes be."
The McComb City (Miss.) Enterprise gets
right clown to business:
"The recent episode which a Nigger
in
leader of a delegation of Niggers practically
insulted the President of the United States,
at the White House in Washington, is ex-
citing unusual comment in the press through-
out the country. As long as some of our
misled Northern friends continue to preach
equality of the races to the Niggers, and as
long as some of our Republican and Demo-
cratic political leaders court the Niggers for
their votes, we are going to have incidents
of this kind and incidents of a nature far
more serious. God never intended that the
: —
THE CRISIS
Negro should ever be the equal of the white
man morally, mentally or socially, and until
we settle the Negro question once and for all
along the lines advocated by Senator Varda-
man of this State, it is useless to hope for
an improvement of present conditions."
But "Our Negroes" do not seem to agree
with Wilson and Washington. The fight-
ing Louisville (Ky.) News mentions the
Trotter interview and says:
"Since that interview the President talked
with the President of the University Com-
mission on Southern Race Questions and in-
dulged in the merest generalities in a patron-
own izing manner. One striking thing he said
was 'I know, myself, as a Southern man,
:
how sincerely the heart of the South desires
the good of the Negro and the advancement
of his race on all sound and sensible lines.'
You catch the drift, don't you Taliferio?
Well, after the Trotter incident few papers,
if any, white or colored, commented on that
because they all knew what the President
meant by 'sound and sensible lines/ But
long comes Dr. Washington and the
Southern papers are running the following:
"BOOKER WASHINGTON PRAISES
WILSON."
thunder,
The editor continues
ill afford
"In the last issue of the Crisis magazine
there was quoted at length editorials from
The News anent Dr. Booker T. Washington's
alleged statement on segregation.
"The News, since the appearance of the
from all over the
Crisis, has received letters
—
country from the South as well as the
North and judging from the tone of some,
from white as well as Colored people
commending what was said in those editor-
ials. The Crisis must cover a deal of
ground, judging from the postmarks of these
letters.
"Following the custom of our race papers
we ought to publish these letters, but they
have no news value and we have no space.
The letters are merely letters of commenda-
tion and encouragement and also of
evidence that Dr. Washington is not the
accepted 'leader of the Negro race.' In
reply to some of these letters Ave said: 'It is
encouraging to the editor of a race paper
to learn that the views he expresses are not
merely his own but that they represent the
thoughts of others.' And so we thank those
who have written us letters of encouragement
on this and other matters. Even when
 —
OPINION 175

finances are running low it helps a great about to back slide and go back upon his
deal toward keeping his spirit up when an pledged word.
editor receives from out in the distant some- "Although having promised to make a
where a word of encouragement from a Negro the next Recorder of Deeds at Wash-
kindred spirit." ington, it is now an open secret that the
President has almost, if not already changed
The Louisville (Ky.) Columbian-Herald
his mind, and now contemplates the appoint-
says:
ment of a white man. Well, President Wil-
"The camp followers of (Booker T. Wash- son is not the only President, who went long
ington) the light and leader of the apostle
on promises and short on deeds. Wasn't
of 'submission' and acquiescence to all kind
guilty of the same charge?
of humiliation, regard that little unpleasant-
"What a pledge by a white man
does
ness between Mr. Wilson and Mr. Trotter
amount to, when made to a Negro? What
as one of the greatest calamities that has
right has any Negro to expect that a white
ever befallen the black man in this country.
man, although President of the United
They consequently believe that the race has
States, will keep his word to a Negro? No,
sustained an irreparable loss, and they are
thiswould savor too much of social equality,
trembling in their boots, their knees are
between the races; for the Negro, equivo-
smiting together like Belshazzar. The in-
cations, segregation and prevarication."
cident will be forgotten by President Wilson
long before it will be by that class of Negroes Kelly Miller has issued a pamphlet which
referred to above. * * * There is a fast is attracting notice. Among other things
growing class of self-respecting Negroes in he points out: "the outstanding and signifi-
this country with backbone and courage, who
cant fact that the President of the United
will resent every insult and indignity forced States, speaking ostensibly for the American

upon them. It is the highest duty of every
man who believes in the peace and per-
petuity of America to recognize and encour-
age them, for a failure to do so spells dire
conditions for the future. If the present
people, avowedly sanctions the segregation
of the races as the national policy under his
Administration. The vital question is, ac-
cording to Professor Miller, Does this policy
fairly represent the spirit and purpose of

conditions are allowed to continue there is
trouble ahead, as sure as there is a God."
"As a matter of fact," says the Richmond
(Va.) Planet: "with the surrender of civil
and political rights will soon come the con-
fiscation of the very material wealth of which
Dr. Washington so glibly speaks. Prop-
erty rights are based upon manhood rights,
the right of citizenship. When you yield
up the right of citizenship, you endanger the
pig and the property that you have accum-
ulated and you make the Negro the foot-ball
of every avaricious white man who desires
to rob him of his property.
"We see this now in the segregation act
passed in many Southern cities where
colored citizens who own property are denied
the right to enjoy the possession of the prop-
erty that they own."
The Pittsburgh (Pa.) Courier calls Mr.
Wilson "The Jester" and the St. Luke's
Herald writes:
"President Wilson who was a self-styled
Christian gentleman when he was Governor
of New Jersey, seems to be slipping from
the rock of basic, everlasting and unchang-
ing faithfulness and according to report is
the American people? "When a delegation
of women waited upon the President some
time ago," says Professor Miller pungently,
"to secure a declaration in behalf of woman
suffrage, he declared that he could not speak
on such a momentous issue until his party
had spoken for him. On the still more
momentous question of establishing the caste
system in the Federal service, so far as the
record discloses, the President speaks on his
own initiative, with neither the authority of
his party nor that of the American people.
"During the extra session of the present
Congress, one or more bills were introduced
by Southern members with tne purpose of
segregating the colored employees in the
civil service of the Federal Government,
but under the guidance of wiser and more
comprehensive leadership, such resolutions
were relegated to the pigeon-hole of Con-
gressional oblivion. Should such proposi-
tions be enacted into law or be allowed to
crystallize into custom and practice, it
would more definitely establish the inferior
status of the Negro race before the law
than any legislative act or administrative
policy since the adoption of the Constitu-
tion. It would, indeed, seriously affect the
 176
declared purpose and spirit of our national
policy based upon the absolute equality of
citizens in all public considerations.
"The question of granting women the
right of suffrage affects but feebly the
foundation principle of free institutions as
compared with the proposition to relegate
a part of the people to an inferior caste.
One is a progressive measure in harmony
with the aim and purpose of free institu-
tions, the other is reactionary in the
direction of darker and more benighted
ages; one points towards the new freedom,
the other towards old slavery; one makes
for the equality of all before the law, the
other grafts the blighted branch of Hindoo
caste upon the tree of American liberty."
William Pickens says in the Colored Ala-
bamian :
"I notice that in this late committee there
was not a single Negro, and yet the Presi-
dent wants 'to know the needs of the Negro.'
One intelligent Negro can tell him more
about the Negro's needs than a dozen white
men. I have always contended that if a
dog could talk he would give us more light
on dog-psychology in ten minutes than all
the philosophers of all the ages have given
us. Men may settle the question of lower
animals with the lower animal absent but
the question between man and man is not
settled that way, for both must be parties
to the settlement. Men must mutually
tolerate, discuss and agree or compromise;
and the nearer and better you know a fel-
low, the more likely are you to sympathetic-
ally help him. If white men want
their own relations to cows or boll weevils or
potato bugs, they need only consult them-
selves; but they can never settle the question
between them and the American Negro with
the Negro in absentia."
SEGREGATION
W. D. Weatherford, Southern Field Sec-
retary of the International Committee of
the Y. M. C. A., writes in the Survey, and
says:
"The truth that most of the Negroes
is,
in the cities who
seek to buy land and build
homes in the white sections, do so not be-
cause they prefer to live among white people
as white people, but because they prefer to
live in a community where the controlling
people will see to it that decency and order
are maintained. No fair-minded white man
can for one minute doubt that there is much
THE CRISIS
to be said on both sides of this question of
city segregation. We are, perhaps, not yet
in a position to face this thing in a dispas-
sionate attitude, leaving aside petty financial
—
problems or perhaps I had better say, sub-
ordinating economic problems to those
greater and more fundamental problems
which are wrapped up in human justice and
the building of human character.
"But it is not the question of segrega-
tion in cities which gives the thoughtful
Southern white man the most annoyance at
the present hour. It is this determined
move on the part of a few white leaders
to see to it that segregation is carried out
in the rural communities throughout the
entire South."
He argues against this agitation and con-
cludes with this fine word:
"The great problem of the South is, af-
ter all,not primarily an economic problem,
but a problem of manhood. We of the
South who claim to be the more advanced
and the stronger race, are on trial. It is
not the Negro to-day who is on trial, but the
Southern white man, and I say this as a
Southern white man. The question is not
whether the Negro is as moral as the white
man whether he
— ;
as the white
is as intellectual, as strong,
man; whether he
is or ever will
be as advanced as the Southern white man.
The question is whether we, the boasted lead-
ers of the South, will so deal with the Negro
as to prove to the rest of the world that we
are men with
a brotherly spirit, worthy to be
trusted with a great responsibilty in the de-
to define
velopment of human life.
"My honest conviction is that the rising
generation of Southern white men will in in-
creasing measure assume the responsibilities
laid upon their shoulders, and will deal fairly
with the man in black by their side. This,
and this alone, will really solve our race
problem."
Even Brough of the Race Commission
addressed by the President, after a screed
on miscegenation, has to admit that:
"The question of segregation of the races
is a cloud on the horizon of race adjustment.
Segregation in departments of public service
and in railway and street cars, and even in
cities, may be expedient and just, but the
idea of farm segregation, proposed to give
the white man a better chance in agriculture,
is a travesty upon Anglo-Saxon superiority
and an injustice to the Negro."
The Boston (Mass.) Traveller says:
 —
OPINION
"Miss Davis, Commissioner of Correc-
tions Department of New York, when told
that white and colored girls were allowed
together in the Bedford Reformatory, said
that she came from an abolitionist family
and thought that an institution such as Bed-
ford should be conducted on the 'character,
conduct and needs' of the inmates, not on
their 'color, race or religion.' It might be
well if her point of view were recommended
to President Wilson, with the purpose of
making it applicable to the employees of the
Federal departments at Washington. 'I am
very much opposed to segregation on the
basis of color,' said Miss Davis, adding that
she considered the Negro girls not greater
offenders than the whites when it came to
the question of morality at Bedford.
"Not having been reared in the South,
where at birth so many white babies are
given over to colored nurses, who rear and
care for them, teach them their prayers, look
after them through all their tender years,
prepare their food, make their beds and
. that peculiar system under winch, in lieu of
launder their linen for them all the rest of
their lives, etc., etc., Miss Davis naturally
does not know how very wrong it is for a
colored child, brought up by these same
colored women in the same way, later on to
.
work in an office with white clerks or to
occupy a ward with whites in a reforma-
tory."
THE SUPREME COURT
The Chicago (111.) Tribune says:
"A certain strange fatality seems to hover
over and about all attempts to test the
validity of 'Jim Crow' or anti-Negro dis-
crimination and 'segregation' legislation in
the highest court of the land. Important cases
have been appealed again and again, but
always at the last stage some technicality
or some omission on the part of possibly
—
inexpert leaders emerges to prevent the
direct facing of the issue by the impartial
and learned justices. Some have accused
the court of adroit evasion, but for this
there has been little foundation in fact from
the viewpoint of those who are familiar with
the pitfalls and snares of the rules of prac-
tice and procedure.
The Springfield Republican adds:
"Just why all 'Jim Crow' laws get by the
United States Supreme Court without hav-
ing their constitutionality passed upon is a
177
mystery. It seems impossible to force the
issue squarely upon that tribunal. In the
latest instance of, the Oklahoma statute,
the Supreme Court sustains the refusal of
the lower court to enjoin the law's operation,
but declines to reaffirm the lower court's
judgment in support of its constitutionality.
The majority of the judges succeeded in
evading that issue on the ground that the
rights of the Negroes were set forth 'too
generally.' The opinion was even expressed
by the majority that the law was invalid,
but that was clearly an obiter dictum, in-
asmuch as the law actually remains in force.
For years, this kind of treatment has been
given to State laws discriminating against
the Negro race."
The New York Evening Post says:
"Besides its opinion on the 'Jim Crow'
question, the last week gave
Supreme Court
another that seriously concerns the civil
rights of Negroes in some of the Southern
States. The particular case arose out of
the ordinary form of punishment for a
criminal offence, by fine or imprisonment,
the offender is virtually placed in a state of
peonage. The practice consists in permitting
a planter to become surety for a Negro con-
demned to pay a fine for some petty offence,
the Negro contracting to reimburse the
planter by a longer term of service, the
breaking of this contract being itself treated
as a crime and subjecting him to fresh arrest
and punishment. Justice Day, in handing
down the opinion of the Court, drew a clear
distinction between the 'involuntary servi-
tude' imposed by the State as a 'punishment
for crime' which is contemplated in the
Thirteenth Amendment, and this kind of in-
voluntary servitude of which the duration
and character are practically beyond the
State's control. 'This system,' says the
court, 'is in violation of rights intended to
be secured by the Thirteen ch Amendment,'
and of laws enacted by Congress in pur-
suance of that amendment. There is, more-
over, in this matter, no reason why any in-
telligent Southerner should desire to counten-
ance an evasion of the Constitution. Quite
apart from any question of right, the thing
is sordid, barbarous, and demoralizing."
The Penn Yan (N. Y.) Express says in
regard to the Oklahoma case:
"Perhaps the Negroes could get a decision
in the case referred to this side of the crack
 :

178 THE CRISIS

of doom. Seeking their rights as citizens "The lyncher pretends a chivalrous

to

they have caused several cases to be carried disposition to defend woman

against 'the

to the United States Supreme Court, only
to have them thrown out on technicalities.
In no instance have they been able to secure
a decision on the merits of the issues in-
volved.
"This evidences that they have either em-
ployed poor attorneys or else the Court of
last resort is inclined to be unduly technical.
It is not pleasant to believe the latter, but
there are those who do believe it; and other
besides who will await the action of that
Court in the 'Grandfather Clause' case, be-
fore forming an opinion. This case has been
before the Court about a year, and evidently
it has not been acted upon in the order of
its presentation to that tribunal."
LYNCHING
The latest Auto da fe in Louisiana has
aroused even the South: the Houston
(Tex.) Post says:
"The conviction is irresistible that the old
man who was burned to death had nothing
whatever to do with the crime. If he had
been guilty, the torture to which he was
subjected would have forced a confession,
and the wonder is that he did not confess
anyhow in the agony of his roasting flesh,
as manyinnocent mob victims have done in
the vain hope of escaping torture. What
did this Caddo parish mob accomplish? Its
members made brutes of themselves in their
efforts to avenge a crime by putting to
death by the most fiendish methods imagin-
able three men merely suspected of it. In
all probability the guilty murderers of the
village postmaster are at large, while the
blood of innocence rests upon the hands
one crime,' at any cost, even that of sinking
himself to the level of the most brutish of
Negro murderers.
"This defense of woman is undoubt-
edly fine as far as it goes. But are the men
of the South sincere and consistent in it?
"In Fairfield County, S. C, is another
case. There a Negro woman was found
dead, a victim of the vilest of crimes, and
a white man arrested has confessed What
will the chivalrous Southerners do about it?
Will this self-confessed white brute be prop-
erly punished? Will he be sentenced and
made to serve his sentence? This remains
to be seen.
"In a nearby county a Negro was re-
was found under
cently lynched because he
a white man's house.
"It is now up to Fairfield, S. C, with a
self-confessed outrager and murderer of a
woman on its hands, to prove to the world
that the talk about the 'one crime' is not
shallow and hypocritical pretext for lawless
and savage manifestations of race prejudice.
"Will Fairfield County, S. C, come to the
mark? We'll see."
The Providence (R. I.) Tribune says:
"Just now it will be more profitable for
Americans to think of their own atrocities
than of those which have been committed
over seas. Before our people can fairly or ef-
fectively criticise others they must clear their
own skirts. As Louisiana is a part of the
American Union, we are all to some extent
responsible for these horrible murders. The
veneer of civilization in this land seems to
be about as thin as it is in the rest of the
world. It is the duty of the people of

of men who took it upon themselves to dis- Louisiana, as well as of the Governor, to see
charge the functions of law. Moreover, they that punishment is meted out to the bar-
have inflicted an ineradicable disgrace upon barians who have disgraced them and their
their parish and State, in addition to stain- State."
ing their hands with human blood.
The New York World adds
"And end of it. It is said the
this is the
judge will have the grand jury to probe into "An Alabama mob has lynched two
these lynchings. All a waste of time and Negroes on suspicion of having been impli-
effort. Lynchers are never identified. They cated in the murder of a white man. The
invariably escape the consequences of their 'usual crime,' of course; the 'usual crime.'

crimes. They are murderers whom no mob 'We must protect the honor of our woman-
can punish and against whom the law ap- hood,' as Cole Blease would say."
parently holds no resentment."
On top of this comes the Albany (Ga.)
The South Bend (Ind.) News Times says: Herald with:

"Down here in the South there is no
friction between the races, and the white
people and the Negroes are living together
in peace, maintaining a sort of bi-racial
civilization with entirely separate and dis-
tinct social, religious and educational insti-
tutions and associations. Here the race
question is settled and settled to the entire
satisfaction of both races."
THE WAR
The Chicago (111.) Post says:
"A bomb was hurled into the peace meet-
ing of Chicago churchmen at the Hotel La
Salle to-day by Dr. Emil G. Hirsch. Fol-
lowing Frederick Lynch, secretary of the
Church Peace Union, who spoke on 'The
Need of the World' and who asserted that
that need was abolition of all nationalism,
an introduction of Christianity's teachings
.as well as its figures into the world's
duct, Dr. Hirsch said:
"We, whom I represent, cannot be held
responsible for the failure of the world's
teachings. Nationalism has not failed. It
is a perverted sense of nationalism that
has failed. Nationalism in this very coun-
try has grown to mean racialism. The
fallacy of race superiority has brought this
harvest of war."
The Washington Times adds:
"There are rather more yellow and brown
people in the world than there are white;
but the whites have taken possession of
about all of the land, and are determined to
keep it. Wherever there are sparsely-
peopled lands, to which the yellow races
would gladly send their surplus numbers,
white men are in possession, at least nom-
inal possession, maintaining the forms of
sovereignty; and without exception, in these
countries the yellow man is not wanted. The
yellow man of Japan and China wants to
get into Australia and North America. The
brown men of the Indies seek footing es-
South Africa. Both are made
pecially in
unwelcome; are barred with scant courtesy,
by the white people who insist that they are
going to save their territory for their own
race and their own kind of people."
A. P. 0. of South Africa writes:
"The 13,000 Colored men who imbued
with the true spirit of patriotism and love of
country, offered their services to the Union
Government will read with much surprise
and deep regret the two letters which we
publish in this issue. It may be recalled
OPINION 179
that on the outbreak of war the Executive
of the A. P. 0. telegraphed to General Botha
that a corps of 5,000 Colored men would be
raised and placed at his disposal for active
service in the Union and elsewhere. The re-
ply came that the Government appreciated
the offer, and would bear it in mind.
"The A. P. O. then set about finding out
the number of men willing to go on active
service. The response to the call surprised
even ourselves. Within a month after its
first communication with the Government,
the Executive was in a position to offer to
General Botha 13,000 men, who had signed
the enrollment forms. To that the Govern-
ment replied that it did not intend employ-
ing any troops who were not part of the De-
fence Force. The rebellion then broke out,
and volunteers were called for Botha's army.
Representations were again made to the
Government to employ Colored troops, es-
con-
pecially on the German Southwest border.
The reply which we have now received, and
which must be taken as final, is that this war
is 'a European war,' and Colored troops
could not be employed."
MISCELLANEOUS
"The Freeman observes that quite a num-
ber of aristocratic white men here and
elsewhere in the South who are unalterably
opposed to 'social equality' and who don't re-
gard Negroes as their peers, either in busi-
ness or the professions, generally hustle like
the devil to grab and administer Negro
estates, Adolphus Hardy's and others,
like
that should under any and all circumstances
be administered by Negroes. It is amusing
to see 'prominent' white citizens, including
lawyers, doctors and others of the blue blood,
hump themselves even before a Negro corpse
is buried manifesting their interest in
in
Negro When the Negro has got
estates.
money and property, things that every white
man needs, we observe that white men,
Southerners, anyhow, prefer waiting till the
Negro dies before putting themselves on an
equality with him.
"Adolphus Hardy was murdered Tuesday
night shortly after 7 o'clock and while his re-
mains were stretched out on a cooling board
at the undertaker's, a white man, an aristo-
crat at that, had applied to the Probate
Court for letters of administration without
the knowledge or consent of the only legal
heir. —
His estate is worth $40,000." Texas
Freeman.

180
"The sincerity and spirit with which this
Negro community is attacking the problems
common to all cities and towns, irrespective
of the color and race of their inhabitants,
may be judged, perhaps, by a brief quotation
from the programme of a meeting of Negro
business men called to discuss certain
orders in their district. Very clearly indeed
the leading NegToes of this New York com-
mittee have learned that civic disorder means
both a social and a financial loss, and that
the city or organized society which permits
and tolerates bad conditions is wantonly
throwing away its best assets.
"The progress made by the citizens of
this Negro community in cosmopolitan New
York is well worth the attention and interest
of all those concerned with bettering the
physical and moral conditions of Negroes
throughout the entire country. Is it too
much to hope that the time may come when
to all Negroes may be offered the oppor-
tunity for clean living and civic develop-
ment such as is apparently available in the
'black belt' of New York?"— Negro City A things fixed so that you will always have an
in New York in The Outlook.
"Every time I Mr. Bert Williams, 'the
see
distinguished colored comedian,' I wonder
if he is not the of a
patient repository
secret sadness. In the midst of his decorous
and explicit capers in the Follies I think
that sorrow concealed, 'like an oven stopped,'
must burn his heart to cinders. Here he is,
unquestionably a comic artist of the first
rank, doomed for the rest of his career to
an environment of jigs and tales of bawdry
— to sing the shoddy songs from the Broad-
way hymnal and to utter the commonplace
jests of the Broadway joke book against the
fleshly background of a Broadway chorus.
He may not, with success, aspire to make
his genius an instrument of characterization
in themore eminent realms of the theatre,
to fix his fame in the more permanent foun-
dation of the drama. He must humbly pro-
ceed along his antic pathway, exciting the
ephemeral admiration of the knowing cele-
brants, and remaining, in the delicate and
not descriptive phraseology of the press
agent, a 'distinguished colored comedian.'
"Mr. Warfield was able to discard the
cap and bells of burlesque and become a
great actor. I believe that in Mr. War-
field's days as a skillful buffoon he indicated
no finer talents than does Mr. Williams
for instance, when he sings the 'Vampire'
song in Mr. Ziegfeld's current cantata.
— —— —
THE CRISIS
Barney Bernard, now established in a last-
ing and deserved reputation as a serious
comedian, certainly showed no such abilities
in his performances as a musical comedy
Jew. The excellent Mr. Alexander Carr has
acquired celebrity and a temperament since
dis- he left the song shows flat on their backs;
yet he never revaled a suspicion of the en-
dowments which mark Mr. Williams' quiet
fun making in the Follies. Most of the
good actors have come from musical comedy.
Mr. Williams, because he is known as a
Negro, must stay there; and so the real
theatre is deprived of an unusual artist."
Percy in the New York Tribune.
"Our friends down South, being sure
that the Negroes are inferior, deny them
advantages and provide inferior schools for
Negro children in order that they will con-
tinue to be inferior and thus prove the cor-
rectness of the contention of the scientists
and sentimentalists that the Negro is in-
ferior. After all, nothing quite so
there is
satisfying as the feeling that you have got
inferior race in your midst." Life.
CHURCH NEWS FROM AFRICA
Ungaard, Central Africa, Nov. 20.
Resolutions were read to-day in the Cen-
tral Cannibal Church protesting against the
atrocities of the Christian war, now being
waged in Europe. "We condemn all wanton
destruction of life, except for purposes of
food," said the chief of the tribe.
The Ladies' Heathen Society of The First
Church of the Unredeemed voted to send a
boatload of yams, gourds and breadfruits to
the starving wives and children of Christians
whose husbands and fathers are at war.
The Young Men's Pagan Society adopted
resolutions calling on all young pagans to
resist the insidious teachings of Christianity,
and to dedicate their lives to peace.
At the Church of the Holy Voodoes, the
Fire Worshipers Temple and the Second
Vudist Congregation of Junglesia, collec-
tions were taken up to carry on foreign
missions among the French, Germans, and
English peoples of Europe. Missionaries
will go among these war-like people and
endeavor to persuade them to forsake their
bloodthirsty Gods and worship the One True
God of Africa.
"Europe for Vood in 1950!" is the slogan
Mr. of these loyal religionists." The Masses.
 THE PRESIDENT
^T is difficult how
to see
any clear-minded Amer-
ican can longer doubt
the insincerity of Presi-
dent Wilson so far as
the American Negro
concerned. With
those of us who were
most determined to keep our faith in the
President the doubt has been growing
steadily. At first, with his clear utter-
ances to colored delegations and his let-
ters during the campaign, it seemed im-
possible that so high-minded and schol-
arly a man could repudiate these plain,
straightforward words. If they had been
voiced by the ordinary type of politician
we should justly have regarded them
with suspicion but here was a man who,
; LAND SEGREGATION
despite his southern birth, his academic
exclusiveness, and his presidency of a
Negro-hating institution, nevertheless
seemed so fine a type of cultured and
honest "American that there appeared
absolutely no reason for doubting that
he would fulfill his word to the letter
and treat the Negro with absolute fair-
ness.
When, at the very outset of his admin-
istration he failed to do this, we put the
blame on his southern subordinates and
pressed him for some clear, outward sign
or word which would prove his honesty
of purpose. We were fed on quiet as-
surances of good will, unaccompanied by
any supporting action. Finally, we had
the extraordinary declaration of nation-
al "Jim-Crow" policy made to Mr. Trot-
ter, but made as we hoped under such
stress of feeling as to be not altogether
taken at face value.
When, however, Mr. Wilson,
careful thought and preparation sum-
mons before him The University Com-
mission on Southern Race Questions and
gives utterances to the utterly banal as-
sertion that we must "know the needs"
of the Negro and "sympathetically help
is
him" with the amazing qualification of
—
restricting help to "sensible-" lines all
this shows neither the statesman nor the
sincere man, but the man who either not
daring or not caring to utter clear,
strong words for or against ten million
people, contents himself with shifty and
unmeaning platitudes. The whole affair
isone of the most grievous disappoint-
ments that a disappointed people must
bear.
F anyone thinks that the
movement in- the South
to keep the Negro from
buying decent land is
dead they have only to
subscribe for the Pro-
gressive Farmer. Prizes are being of-
fered by the editor for letters which
shall support his contention. These let-
ters are most informing. One writer
from Georgia complains of the Negroes,
noting that it is a "regrettable fact" that
the Negroes are more determined to have
an education than the poorer class of
whites. .Others lament that when the
Negroes buy land they never willingly
sell it. A Mississippi planter declares
that the Negroes with 90 per cent, of il-
literacy are the most successful while the
landholder is the most indolent, a state-
ment which is hard to reconcile with the
fear in the editor's soul. The women
after complain of the danger to white men and
182 THE CRISIS

note the fact that where there are no
Negroes there are better schools and
longer terms and better paid teachers!
EDUCATION
HE Russell Sage Founda-
tion has been glancing
at the public schools of
aid and comfort from unexpected
sources. The southern congressmen are
endeavoring to keep the case out of the
United States courts, for if the methods
of electing congressmen can be looked in-
to in Indiana why not in Georgia or
Louisiana? A Kentucky senator will,
it is said, defend the accused, and in

Atlanta. It found in many ways this extraordinary case will

June, 1913, that out of prove to the world how deeply America
10,118 Negro children of believes in democracy.
school age, 2,924 were enrolled. Atlan-
ta furnishes for its 17,000 white children
38 grammar schools, a boys' high school, SUFFRAGE AND WOMEN
a girls' high school, a boys' technical HE woman suffrage move-
high school, and a girls' English com- ment this year needs
mercial high school, and 5 night schools. special protection against
For the colored children it furnishes 11 its fool friends. One
grammar schools. The whites have 426 friend of suffrage has is-
teachers, the Negroes have 82. The re- sued a circular asking
port says that inadequacy of equipment if the New York would be im-
electorate
was most noted in the Negro schools. If proved if the women She proves
voted.
Atlanta had twice as many Negro that it would be improved to her own
schools she would be making only a good satisfaction by showing that it would in-
start in providing Negro children with crease the native-born white vote, de-
school facilities. Not only are the clas- crease the foreign-born white vote, leave
ses overcrowded but practically all on a the colored vote the same and not in-
half-time basis. Of the 91 classes in the crease the vote of criminals. assume We
Negro public schools 66 were on part that the author will circulate this re-
time. In addition over 300 Negro chil- markable leaflet on the East side and in
dren were .turned away last year be- Harlem.
cause there were not even enough half-
time opportunities. Many others would
have applied had there been any possi- SEGREGATION IN WASHINGTON
bility of gaining admission. Negro
,CGREGOR, writing in
teachers are paid only three-fifths as
Harper's Weekly, makes
much as white teachers. All of the clas- out a beautiful case for
ses ^had at least 40 pupils to the teacher
segregation. It seems
and 52 of them had 50 and more to the
that the presidential pa-
teacher.
tience was sorely tried
It must be remembered that Atlanta
and that Mr. McGregor after interview-
is ranked as one of the most progressive
ing everybody worth while in Washing-
of Southern cities.
ton is convinced, first, that there is no
segregation, and, secondly, that the seg-
ELECTIONS regation which exists is quite in accord-
'T is an interesting com- ance with the law of God and man and
ment on democratic gov- for the benefit of the Negro race. He
ernment in the United agreed with Postmaster Burlesou that
States that officials in the question was not worth discussion,
Terre Haute, Ind., ar- and therefore he proceeded to discuss it.
rested for wholesale vio- The same happened with Secretary Mc-
lation of the election laws are receiving Adoo and John Skelton Williams.
 : :
EDITORIAL
Again and again there was no segrega-
tion except that there was segregation
here and there, but this was quite ac-
cording to the choice of the persons seg-
regated; wherefore, Mr. McGregor asks
plaintively, "Is not the very best con-
structive policy that of instilling such
a proper racial pride as should prevent
any self-respecting Negro from feeling
humiliated, by association with his own
race exclusively so long as those of an-
other race do not desire his -company S"
Here we reach bed rock and it has a
familiar feel. I go to a lunch counter.
"Why do you want to intrude yourself
on my company V
says the pig on the
stool and kicks me gently out. I go to
the polls. "Why do you want to vote in
my country?" says the dog in the man-
ger and forcibly disfranchises me. I go
to the theatre. "Why do you want so-
cial equality?" asks the frump and
moves her seat. To all of which I reply
"I am not intruding, I want something
to eat this is not your country any more
;
than it is mine I do not want to sit be-
;
side you, I want to see Shakespeare; I
do not want to make any servant of the
United States Government sit in any
particular place or do any particular
kind of work or associate with any par-
ticular sort of person, but I do want to
be treated as an individual according to
law and merit and not to be publicly in-
sulted by the President of the United
States simply because I have passed a
successful civil service examination.
NEWSPAPER STORIES
HE editor of a prominent
Boston newspaper has
not only ordered that
the word Negro be capi-
talized in his paper but
has given the following
directions to the reportorial staff:
"In editing stories which involve Ne-
groes please handle them as follows
"Ask yourselves how the story would
read if the word Jew, Irishman, or
Swede were substituted for the word
Negro.
183
"Refer to the color of the individual
only when it is of particular and special
interest and when the story is manifest-
ly incomplete and inaccurate if the color
of the person involved is concealed. This
would apply to lynchings, marriages, or
where a colored person gains unusual
and exceptional prominence among
whites, such as, the ranking of a colored
girl at the head of a class of white chil-
dren.
"In crime cases where the description
of the principal is of importance the
color should be brought in, but as a part
of the description. Just as, for instance,
a woman in describing an unidentified
assailant would say that he was of me-
dium height, wore a cap, had a black
mustache, and was an Italian, so, simi-
larly, you may state that the man was
colored. But never, under any circum-
stances, say that five Negroes were ar-
rested in a raid, etc., or that a Negro
burglar entered the house of so-and-so,
or that Martha Johnson, 35, colored,
while crossing Northampton Street, etc.,
was run over by a street car.
"In doubtful cases that seem not cov-
ered by the foregoing consult me, and if
I am not accessible omit the mention of
color entirely."
Next?
A LOST FRIEND
HE late Grace Dodge was
the kind of friend to the
American Negro who
when told that race pre-
judice will not allow de-
cent or courteous treat-
ment simply refused to believe it. It
was due to her more than to any other
person that the Young Women's Chris-
tian Association, while gravely deficient
in some respects, still is so much more
Christian and decent than the Young
Men's Christian Association. Segrega-
tion and racial discrimination was
pushed back to almost the last notch in
the women's association. Southern white
women were "compelled" at summer

184 THE
conferences to eat in the same dining-
room with colored women and to treat
them in every respect with courtesy.
Southern associations were given plainly
tounderstand that even if the women's
Christian associations were separated in
the South the rights of the colored asso-
ciations were, nevertheless, going to be
guarded just as carefully and unflinch-
ingly as those of the whites.
The death of such a woman is a great
loss because it probably means the grad-
ual encroachment of Negro-hating ten-
dencies in this association. For instance,
two great buildings for the colored men's
and women's associations are planned in
New York. Where are they going to be
located? Will these religious bodies lis-
ten to the Negro-hating real estate
agents of Harlem and hide these build-
ings on the mud flats of the Harlem
River, or will they place them where
they ought to be placed, between Lenox
and Eighth Avenues and 125th and
135th Streets? The answer to this mo-
mentous question will determine the at-
titude of many colored people toward
this organization.
It is a pity that Miss Dodge was not
spared to lend her strong influence in
this decision.
m woman,
THE BUY A BOOK MOVEMENT
HE "Buy-a-Book Move-
ment" is started for the
purpose of arousing a
deeper and wider inter-
est in the works of col-
ored authors. It is
hoped that our own people will be so
stimulated toward the buying of books
that colored authors will be privileged to
follow the leadings of their own hearts
and the laws which imperatively rule in
the creation of literature. One can see
in almost every book written by a col-
ored author that the work has been done
under foreign dictation. The author
has wished his book to be read and to be
sold he has written too much under this
; movement. As it is, we sell an average
influence. The book has been planned
for white readers.
!
CRISIS
The transition from the custom of
writing books of explanation and de-
fense intended for white men to read lo
that of depicting our own experiences,
giving our own interpretation of events
transpiring or past, pouring out our own
and longings, telling
realities of feelings
of God and works as we see them,
his
has as yet hardly begun. We remain
chained hard and fast to one subject,
the only one upon which the white peo-
ple of this country will hear us, and we
refuse to see or hear the images and
voices that approach us from the heav-
ens above or from the earth beneath.
The "Buy-a-Book Movement" means
to have colored men read and when
proper applaud the colored author's
book, for just these two reasons. One,
we want to develop a real, live book busi-
ness among ourselves, and two, we want
to call into existence the rich literature
which our unique experience entitles us
to give to the world. This latter can
never be done until our authors inter-
pret our great soul-life not for others,
but for ourselves. But why dwell upon
thisall the world knows it.
;
The plan of the "Buy-a-Book Move-
ment" is for every colored family, every
colored single man, every colored single
to buy at least one book from
the pen of a colored author for the year
1915. If the colored newspapers would
join so far as to publish names of those
joining the movement and buying books,
they would greatly aid it and increase
their circulation at the same time. Sup-
pose the Defender took all Illinois
names, the Cleveland Gazette all Ohio
names, the Guardian all New England
names, the Age all New York names, and
so on throughout the country, what a
boom might be created We should see
!
one million colored books sold for 1915.
T. G. Steward.
The Crisis will be glad to cooperate
in any way to forward this excellent
of $100 worth of Negro literature each
month. Let us make this $1,000
 ;

OF COL
KN
KNOXVILLE
TT" vIOXVlLLE, Term., had in 1910 36,346
-"- inhabitants of whom 7,638 were of
Negro descent. If we include the suburbs
there are to-day nearly 15,000 colored people
in the city. Knoxville is a city of mines and
manufactures, situated in the lower Appa-
lachian range. It affords a good example of
Negro progress in a small, active city of the
southern border. It is in no way typical of
the southern South and has always had
strong union and anti-slavery leanings. On
the other hand, it has needed the Negro as a
laborer and servant and this group has
grown and developed here. It has not been
free, but it has been, freer than in many
southern places and it has used the chances
given.
These are the present facts concerning col-
ored Knoxville: Knoxville has two drug
RED
XVI LLE
one dry goods store, four chiropo-
stores,
a colored real estate company, a coal
dists,
company doing business in the entire city
and employing many men and several teams
the largest race course in Tennessee is owned
by a colored man, C. F. Johnson, and valued
at over $50,000. It is used by the white
state racing committee. Johnson has houses
valued at over $30,000 and owns more prop-
erty than any other colored man in the city;
many of lus buildings on many streets are
rented by white firms. There are two small
theatres, five ice cream and confectionery
stores, one florist, three colored photogra-
phers, thirty-eight small grocery stores,
eight contractors for road work and grading
employing several hundred men, a weekly
newspaper, five job printing plants, agen-
cies for several industrial insurance com-
panies, and a hundred or more minor busi-

DR. H. M. GREEN MR. R. W. CANSLER

Physician School Principal
186 THE CRISIS

and less. There is a public insane institu-

tion in the county, a state school for the
deaf and dumb, a private hospital, four pub-
lic schools, including a high school; Knox-

ville College, a private institution with pre-

paratory and private courses, and an indus-
trial school. There are thirty-two lodges of
Masons, Pythians, Odd Fellows, etc. There
is an inter-denominational ministers' union

which sometimes meets with the white min-

isters. There is one colored club house which
is unusually good. The colored people very
largely own their homes and pay taxes on
considerable property. The leading white
daily recentty said that there were more col-
ored property owners in Knoxville in pro-
portion to population than in any other city
in the South.
This is a pretty good record for a small
group of people and it has meant in the past
and at present the development of a number
of strong leaders and conspicuous men. All
of these we cannot mention but a word must
be said about a few. The physicians are es-
pecially prominent as leaders: Dr. M. L.
Boyd is one of the young physicians with a
DR. H. PRESNELL lucrative practice who is associated with his
J.

Physician brother, C. S. Boyd, the dentists Dr. S. M.

Clark practices medicine and works faith-
uesses, such as restaurants, barber shops, etc. "ully in church affairs. Dr. J. S. Presnell
In industry, Knoxville has 500 or more
iron workers, fourteen machinists, eighteen
'

brick masons, and fourteen carpenters. It

is the headquarters of the Colored Railway,
Firemen and Locomotive Workers. The
country round about has a number of col-
ored farmers who do market gardening. The
five largest hotels employ colored help
throughout. Negroes work in all the big
marble quarries and in many of the manu-
facturing plants.
In the professions Knoxville has six col-
ored lawyers, seventeen physicians, three
pharmacists, three dentists, twenty-two grad-
uate nurses, eighty-five teachers in public
and private schools, and four colored mail
clerks.
In politics colored people have always
taken part. They have had some minor elec-
tive positions and always had one colored
alderman until the commission government
was installed two years ago. There are four
colored policemen and nine colored deputy
sheriffs, and an attempt is being made to get
a colored fire company. In public institu-
tions there are forty-two colored churches:
one valued at $40,000, two at $25,000, and D. W. PERKINS
Attorney-at-Law
five at $10,000. The others are worth $4,000
 OF COLORED KNOXVILLE 187

B. B. BROWDER DR. S. M. CLARK

Photographer Physician

isanother rising physician, the youngest of
the group. The foremost physicians are Drs.
Green and Watkins. Dr. Green has studied
in the North and in Europe, is active in var-
ious organizations, and has accumulated con-
Browder who was born in the city and has
worked in many of the white galleries. He
has often been official photographer for the
Knoxville railroads. Mr. Charles W. Cans-
ler, who is principal of the Austin High

siderable property. He has served as alder- School, is known for his astonishing facility
man twice and one of the city school build- with figures. He has traveled over the
ings is named in his honor. His home and United States giving exhibitions of lightning
office buildings are especially conspicuous in calculations. A
few years ago he astonished
the city. Dr. Watkins has a large practice the business men of Knoxville by beating an
and a convenient rest-room, laboratory and adding machine in a test for trial of speed.
operating room connected with his office. He has one of the most beautiful homes
The leading colored photographer is B. B. among the colored people of the city.

VILL ANELLE
By Otto Bohanan
How dreary the winds shriek and whine: I've quaffed to the dregs the mad wine
The trembling shadows grow chill. Of passion, but under my sill

soul of my soul, wert thou mine! How dreary the winds shriek and whine!

'Tis thine, is the dream so divine,

where are the stars that did shine? That doth this vain yearning instil;
The moonlight that tinselled the hill? soul of my soul, wert thou mine!
How dreary the winds shriek and whine!
'Tis mine, here to crave and to pine
Despair 'round my heart doth entwine, For what thou wilt never fulfill;
Far soundeth my cry weird and shrill: How dreary the winds shriek and whine!
soul of my soul, wert thou mine! soul of my soul, wert thou mine!

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE
ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE
ANNUAL MEETING
Attention is again called to the annual
meeting to be held on February 12 in New
York City. The business session, open only
to members who have paid their dues, will
be held in St. Mark's Parish House, 235-237
West 53rd Street, beginning at 2:30 in the
afternoon. The public session, at which
Governor Whitman will award the Spingarn
Medal, will be held in Ethical Culture Hall,
2 West 64th Street, at 8 o'clock. In addi-
tion to the speakers announced in the last
number of The Crisis there will be fifteen-
minute addresses by the following: Mrs.
Charlotte Perkins Gilman; Mr. Moorfield
Storey, President of the National Associa-
tion, who will speak on the Supreme Court
and the Negro; Dr. Du Bois, whose subject
will be "The Immediate Program of the
American Negro;" and Mr. Lindon Bates,
Jr., who will tell of his researches in South
America on the relation of the races.
A LECTURE TRIP
As already announced, Dr. Spingarn start-
ed in January on an extended tour of the
Middle West. It will be remembered that
last January Dr. Spingarn covered a similar
stretch of territory, and it is his ambition by
successive tours to visit and to organize for
our work the whole United States. Dr. Spin-
garn does this entirely at his own expense.
In the next number of The Crisis a full ac-
count of his trip will be given. We go to
press too early to print more than a sum-
mary of his engagements. At the first of
these, in Pittsburgh January 10 and 11, he
addressed meetings in the Unitarian Church,
the Bethel A. M. E. Church, St. James' A.
M. E. Church, and also spoke before the
Hungry Club, the leading forum of the city
which includes in its membership many lead-
ing men and social workers. Mr. William
M. Randolph acted as Chairman of the local
committee and Mr. S. R. Morsell as Secre-
x
tary.
In Ohio Dr. Spingarn has made the fol-
lowing engagements: Columbus, January
12; Springfield, January 13; Dayton, Janu-
ary 14; Cincinnati, January 15; Toledo,
which be includes on his return trip, Janu-
ary 26. The meeting in Columbus was ar-
;
ranged by a local committee of one hundred
including many of the most representative
white and colored people of the city. Sev-
eral important clubs co-operated with this
committee which was in charge of Dr. J. L.
Johnson and Mr. Robert B. Barcus. The
mass meeting was held in the auditorium of
the Chamber of Commerce and the next
morning Dr. Spingarn addressed the stu-
dents of Ohio State University.
Dr. Spingarn's other engagements were:
Springfield, 111., Sunday, January 17; St.
Joseph, Mo., January 19; Des Moines, la.,
January 20; Omaha, Neb., January 21; and
Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minn., from Jan-
uary 22 to 25. He was in Buffalo January
28.
Full programs were arranged in all these
cities,mass meetings in white and colored
churches, meetings before clubs, chambers of
commerce, etc. A typical program was that
in St. Paul and Minneapolis, Friday night
Dr. Spingarn spoke in the Jewish Temple
on Saturday he addressed the Legislature,
the Saturday Lunch Club, which includes in
its membership the most representative men
in the twin cities and the Executive Boards
of the Minneapolis and St. Paul Branches.
Sunday was devoted to mass meetings in
churches in St. Paul and on Monday Dr.
Spingarn spoke at Macalaster College, at a
parlor conference at the home of Mrs. C. P.
Noyes, and before the Town Topics Club,
which comprises the most representative law-
yers, ministers and physicians of the two
cities.
THE "JIM CROW" CASE
The National Association was much dis-
turbed at the recent decision of the Supreme
Court in regard to the Oklahoma Jim Crow
case, which indicated that though the law
was unconstitutional the form in which the
case was brought before the Court was not
adequate to prove this. The Chairman of
the Board, Dr. Spingarn, decided to go to
Oklahoma personally to arouse the local
branches to more activity in the work of the
Association. Dr. Spingarn had expected to
have Prof. William Pickens of Wiley Uni-
versity accompany him and to make speech-
es with him. Mr. Pickens was unable to,
 N. A.
arrange this and Mr. W. Scott Brown of
Muskogee volunteered to go in his place. On
this trip Mr. Brown was twice discriminated
against as a passenger, once in a chair car
and once in a sleeper. The Association will
bring suit to test these cases. The meetings
which had been arranged for Dr. Spingarn
were highly successful. He spoke on De-
cember 30 in Muskogee to the colored Young
Men's Christian Association and on Decem-
ber 31 in Oklahoma City in the Tabernacle
Baptist Church, Dr. Johnson, pastor. Al-
though the latter meeting had been arranged
on only twenty-four hours' notice, the church
was full.
m the local Judge in December a year ago.
BRANCHES
District of Columbia:
The meeting in Washington on December
8 was to celebrate the birthday of William
Lloyd Garrison. It was beld by the local
branch under the auspices of the Bethel Lit-
erary and Historical Association at the
Metropolitan A. M. E. Church, the Rev. C.
H. Stepteau, pastor. The speakers were
Mr. 0. G. Villard, Miss M. W. Ovington and
Mr. L. M. Hershaw. Mr. A. H. Grimke pre-
sided. A resolution was passed thanking Mr.
Desha Breckenridge, the owner of the Lex-
ington (Ky.) Herald, for his recent editorial
opposing the President's attitude on segre-
gation, and a telegram was sent to Mr.
Breckenridge. Lack of space prevents our
quoting more than the closing words of Miss
Ovington's inspiring speech:
"Race hatred is devastating Europe. It
has devastated Africa and Asia. To-day it
is sapping the life of America. It is an evil
thing; and not in my time, nor in the time
of the youngest in this gathering, will it
have been expelled from the earth. We can
only do our part. But let us work in the
spirit of the great man whom to-night we
honor; in the spirit of heroic self-sacrifice,
of indomitable courage, and of loving, un-
derstanding sympathy with the oppressed of
mankind."
Mr. Hershaw's analysis of the life and
work of Garrison was one of the finest ad-
dresses that has been heard in Washington
for a long time. Mr. Villard's address was
a splendid tribute to his distinguished grand-
father.
Harrisburg:
Press notices show that the Harrisburg
Branch has been successful in its case against
A. C. P. 189
a local theatre, Judge McCarrell having just
ruled that to reserve a certain section of a
public amusement house for the special occu-
pation of the white race and to deprive col-
ored patrons of the right to occupy that par-
ticular section is a discrimination against
the colored race, a violation of the criminal
and punishable by a fine. This case
statute,
was begun more than a year ago by a group
of men of whom Dr. Stephen J. Lewis, Sec-
retary of the Harrisburg Branch, was one.
The case was fought through the local court
with a victory for the plaintiff, Mr. Frank N.
Robinson, Vice-President of the Harrisburg
Branch. Argument for retrial was made to
While the Association did not institute the
original suit, it has practically taken charge
of the case and aided Mr. Robinson in
financing the court proceedings. At the trial
witnesses declared that Athens George, the
defendant, proprietor of the Victoria, a
Market Street moving picture theatre, had
this noticeposted at the ticket office: "The
balcony of this theatre is provided for our
colored patrons. If you do not wish to sit
in the balcony do not purchase tickets as
they will not be honored in any other sec-
tion of the theatre." The suit was brought
under the Civil Rights Act of May 19, 1887.
The decision is the first of its kind ever ren-
dered by a Dauphin County Court Judge.
In the Davenport Lunch Room case
brought by Dr. C. L. Carter, President of
the local Branch, the Executive Committee
of the Branch agreed to settle the case when
the defendant agreed to go before the alder-
men and admit his violation of the law and
to put himself on record as opening his
place with equal accommodations for all.
He made this declaration in the Aldermen's
Court on December 20 where he publicly de-
clared that his restaurant would not discrim-
inate in the future. He paid all costs in the
case.
Tacoma:
As an expression of gratitude for the work
done for the colored people in Congress by
Senator Wesley L. Jones, the Tacoma
Branch of the National Association sent him
a loving cup, a photograph of which we have
reproduced. It will be remembered that
Senator Jones led the fight against the
Smith-Lever Bill and tried to secure for the
colored people in the South their share of
the federal monies appropriated for agri-
cultural extension purposes. He was one of
190 THE
SENATOR JONES' LOVING CUP
the Western Congressmen who answered all
the questions on our recent questionnaire
satisfactorily.
THE IMMIGRATION BILL
The amendment to the Immigration Bill
proposing to exclude Negro aliens regard-
less of their ability to meet the literary test
was introduced by Senator Reed of Missouri
who was conducting a general filibuster
against the bill and who brought in every
issue he could think of to delay a final roll
call. The Republican senators were as much
surprised as most of the Democrats at the
proposal of this exclusion. Nevertheless, it
passed the Senate by a vote of 29 to 25.
The amendment came as such a complete
surprise that it was voted through the Sen-
ate before any intimation of it reached the
public. On receipt of the news from Wash-
ington the National Association immediately
wired its branches to take action and its of-
ficers at once got in communication with
members of Congress.
The work of the District of Columbia
Branch was characteristically brilliant. A
committee from the Branch literally made a
door-to-door canvass of the House Office
CRISIS
Building as well as calling Congressmen from
the floor of the House. The following brief
against the amendment was then prepared
and was on the desk of every member of
Congress Thursday morning:
—
"Senate Amendment Immigration Bill,
H. R. 6060, excluding 'All Members of the
African or Black Race.'
"The National Association for the Ad-
vancement of Colored People submits the
following objections to the above amend-
ment:
"1. The immigration laws of 1875 and
1911 admit members of the Caucasian and
African races only to the privileges of nat-
uralization.
"2. For the last decade Negro immi-
grants average only 5,000 annually.
"3. The amendment does not exempt stu-
dents, merchants, or visitors.
"4. The amendment, in so far as it af-
fects British subjects, might involve serious
diplomatic complications, under existing
treaty rights.
"5. Theamendment operates against
Christianity and civilization by excluding
African students from the benefits of Ameri-
can schools and colleges.
"6. The amendment humiliates the just
pride ten million loyal and patriotic
of
American citizens.
"7. The Negro has no voice in making
the laws by which he is governed. He must
therefore rely upon the sense of fair play
and justice of the Congress of the United
States and the American people."
The House amendment was defeated the
same day by a vote of 252 to 75. Congress-
man Madden of Illinois was conspicuous in
his opposition to the amendment. The ac-
tion of the District of Columbia Branch in
this matter is the most effective piece of
work yet done by them. The committee
which rendered this service consisted of
Professor Kelly Miller, Mr. G. W. Cook, Mr.
Whitfield McKinley, the Reverends C. H.
Stepteau, W. H. Deans and W. H. Sydes,
and Mr. A. H. Grimke.
"JIM CROW" BILLS
As we go to press we hear of further dis-
—
criminatory bills in Congress the Anti-
Intermarriage bill and the Separate Street
Car bill. Both these bills are being quietly
and persistently pushed.
 : : : :

THE SEASON'S FOOTBALL

By EDWIN B. HENDERSON
Physical Director, Colored High Schools, Washington, D. C.

T?1\0M standpoint of the game, the

the themselves honor in struggles against many
-* and the behavior of spectators,
players, odds.
our football games played by teams repre- The writer for many seasons has endeav-
senting the colored educational institutions ored to create interest and develop a desire
of the Middle Atlantic section compare fav- among players to prove of superior worth to
orably with games played anywhere in the their teams when compared with players
country. Within a decade we have witnessed throughout the field of competition, by se-
progressive stages of football, from the oft- lecting a list of players who in his opinion
times rowdy demonstrations by players and appear the best. From the players in the
spectators of the past to the sportsmanly Washington High Schools the following
conduct of gentlemen on the field, and order- were named
ly gatherings of onlookers. This is largely
Player Position School
due to the very efficient official work by close
students of the game. Football has also
Samuels Left End M St. H. S.
been improved by the selection by college
Brooks Left Tackle M St. H. S.
authorities of men as coaches whose teach-
Hill Left Guard A. M. T. S.

ings make for the development of sterling .

Poindexter Center M St. H. S.
character as well as physiques and the grad-
Brent (Capt.) R. Guard A. M. T. S.

ual dropping of professional coaches whose

Simms R. Tackle M St. H. S.
entire aims center in the desire to win games
Duckett R. End A. M. T. S.
regardless of the type of men developed as
Bacon Quarterb'k A. M. T. S.
a result. Of the best types we find Charles
Parker L. Halfback A. M. T. S.
H. Williams, of Hampton, Ernest Marshall, Walker R. Halfback C. H. S.

of Howard, Dr. Fisher, of Union, and others Lacy Fullback M St. H. S.

at the leading institutions in this field. From amon g -
the players in Collegiate
It is also pleasing to note that our players games there were selected the following
seem to have learned at last to have confi-
Player Position School
dence in the ability and impartiality of men
U. S. Young Left End Lincoln
selected from among their own race.
Washington still leads in the field of schol- Wildy Left Tackle Hampton
Wallace Left Guard Lincoln
astic football. Armstrong Manual Training
Smith Center Lincoln
School eleven, coached by Mr. Cedric Fran-
cis of the faculty of the school, assisted by
Beamon R. Guard Howard
Mr. Aiken, formerly a star player at Hamp-
Randall R, Tackle Howard
ton Institute, won the scholastic title.
Gayle (Capt.) R.End Hampton
Among secondary schools and minor colleges
Stratton Quarterb'k Howard
Howell L. Halfback Union
Howard Academy proved the best team but
cannot claim the scholastic title, which honor
Penderhugh R. Halfback Howard
is based on an eligibility code requiring age
Flynt Fullback Hampton
restriction. In the far South we have these results
No collegiate football title was decided. among the four leading football institutions
Hampton, Howard and Lincoln rightly lay Morehouse 13, Tuskegee 7; Morehouse 19,
claims to equal consideration. Howard was Talladega 0; Morehouse 0, Fisk 7; Tuskegee
decisively defeated by a 12 to score on the 9, Fisk 7; Tuskegee 0, Talladega 7; Talla-
campus of Lincoln Hampton clearly bested
; dega 6, Fisk 0.
Lincoln, although Lincoln suffered a for- Through athletics and debates it is pleas-
feited game; and Howard in its crucial test ant to find the relations between colored col-
on Thanksgiving Day, before a large enthu- leges steadily improving. For instance, the
siastic crowd, upset many predictions and President of Howard writes to the President
defeated the Hampton team by a score of 6 of Wilberforce
to 0. Union University and Livingston Col- "I am moved to write you because of the
lege engaged in battles of this series and did glowing reports which our men bring back
 BREAKING THE COLOR LINE 193

from Wilberforee University as to the treat-
ment which they received at the hands of
your fellow-workers and the students and the
success of the debate. It gratifies me
very
much to have our two institutions brought
closely together. I think the report that was
made by Professor Gregory and Mr. Smith,
who went to you, in chapel the day before
yesterday, did a great deal to establish a
high regard for Wilberforee and keep us in
mind of the fraternal relations which ought
to exist between the two institutions."

THE HAMPTON TEAM (SEE ALSO PAGE 200)

BREAKING THE COLOR-LINE

A STORY By ANNIE McCARY

" /^ OACH Hardy has selected for the two- "Then I quit," and red as a beet, Staunton
^^ mile relay team to go against Gale, sat down.
Carter, Pratt, Staunton and Thacker, to run "Quit, then, if you want to!" thundered
in the order named. Payne, you will 'sub'." Pratt.
"Captain Pratt, I certainly object to that "Hold on, Pratt, we're all white fellows
nigger's presence on the team. Whom do I together and there's no need of our having
mean? Thacker, of course, he's a nigger, a row over a colored chap. You know, I'm
and no southern gentleman would compete from Texas anyway, and I want to say that
"
against or run with a nigger and I here in Starvard we've never had any col-
"Now, Staunton, none of your southern ored fellows on the track team in the three
idiocyncrasies go here," cut in Pratt. "You years I've been here, and I'm hanged if I
know we want to win that relay, and Gale see why we've got to start now. These nig-
is priming her best half-milers for the race gers are always trying to get out of their
and since Thacker can do the half in less place," said Payne, the junior who had been
than two minutes, take it from me, so long crowded off the team by Thacker.
as I'm captain, he runs." "Well by Jove, he seems to have pushed
194
you out of your place on the team. He's
beaten you more than once in the time trials
and "
"Just a minute," a calm voice put in, and
Thacker came into the meeting. "I did not
hear the beginning of this discussion, but I
did hear some remarks and I judge that I am
considered objectionable as a member of the
—
relay because of surely not the color of my
skin [for he was as fair as any of the other
fellows there] but because I have Negro
blood in my veins." Every man was breath-
less. "Let me say this one thing, that nigger
or not, I have won the place on the team but
rather than cause any discord which might
end in Stavard's losing the meet to Gale,
I'll quit!" he swung on his heel and strode
from the gym.
As the door slammed the storm broke.
"I didn't know he was colored," said one.
"Well, he is," answered Staunton.
"Well, he's whiter than you both in skin
and in heart, Phil Staunton," yelled Pratt.
"You are insulting me, you Yank," and
Staunton sprang at Pratt. The other men
jumped in and held the two apart. Finally,
quiet was restored and Payne was replaced
on the team.
The meet was to come off a week from the
-
coming Saturday. This was on Wednesday.
Saturday, Gale had a dual meet with East
Point, and Pratt and the coach, Hardy, went
down to look over Gale's two-mile relay team
and get a general line on the rest of the men.
Silently they watched Gale win 69 to 20. On
the return to Wainbridge, Hardy said:
"Pratt, you fellows are all sorts of fools to
let that man Thacker get off the team. Why,
he's the fastest half-miler I've seen.
you he walks away with the half if his — a great jump and his feet responded to the
heart isn't taken out by this dirty work," he
added in an undertone.
"Hardy, you know I did all I could but he
stuck out. He's as proud as the deuce, and
as for those Southerners, they stuck out, too.
They're always trying to make it hard for
these colored boys. Oh, they make me sick
"Well, he's going to win that half
a in
walk, although Price ran a pretty race
against those soldiers. Well, here's my
jumping off place, Pratt," and the coach
swung off the trolley.
"Curse the luck! Hardy doesn't want to
own it, but we can't beat that Gale team."
The day of the meet came. Gale was
down, brimming over with confidence, for the
news that the crack half-miler on the relay
THE CRISIS
was not going to run had spread like wild
fire. Gale had no opinion, Starvard was
divided.
At 1:30 the pistol cracked for the start
of the hundred yard dash. Gale took first,
but Starvard got second and third. Engle,
of Gale, won the 120 hurdles, Wilson and
Desmond, of Starvard, second and third. In
the broad jump Bates and Hines of Starvard
took first and third, but again Gale took first
in the hammer throw.
The quarter-mile was nest. In a close and
exciting race Chalmers of Starvard "brought
home the bacon" in 50 flat. Starvard began
to hope. She grew frantic as she landed first
in the high jump, although Gale took second
and third.
Then came the half mile. The pride of
Gale, Price's Simpson, followed by
equal,
his teammates, Parsons and Terry, sprang
out to toe the mark. James and Keele threw
off their crimson sweaters and a third Star-
vard man stepped up. It was Thacker. He
was an ideal half-miler, five feet eleven
inches, lean of face, broad shouldered, slen-
der waisted, and with great long tapering
legs. Simpson was short and stocky with a
choppy stride with which he hoped to break
Thacker.
All six got off to a good start. Thacker
set the pace for the first lap. Then he
seemed to slow up and Simpson and Terry
drew up. Terry was now two feet ahead of
Thacker, and Simpson stride and stride, with
Parsons pushing him hard. Keele was out
of it. As they turned in the last stretch,
pandemonium broke loose in the Gale stands.
Starvard cheered on her men. Thacker had
I bet seen Staunton leer at him and his heart gave
call. His big lead was gone and it would
be no easy matter to get in first in the short
distance remaining. Teeth set, head back, he
began a great sprint. With forty yards to
go Terry and Simpson were leading, Terry
a good two feet in front of Simpson and
!"
Thacker a yard behind. Three great strides
and the red and blue jerseys were neck and
neck. The stands were hushed. Nothing
was heard but the pat-pat-pat of the spikes
on the cinders. All three runners were
straining every muscle, calling on their re-
serve strength, holding on by sheer nerve.
Five great jumps and Thacker toppled over
a winner in 1:58 flat, Simpson dropped a
hand's breadth behind, and Terry was all in
as he fell across.

BREAKING THE COLOR LINE
Starvard cheered and cheered Thacker.
Rooters jumped from the stands to pat
Thacker on the back. Hardy drove them off
and arm in arm he and Thacker went to see
to a rub down.
"All out for the 220 high hurdles!" Payne
and Gardner showed Starvard's crimson,
while Kittredge and Fields wore the Gale
blue. Payne was showing an easy first with
Gardner and Fields neck and neck, with
Kittredge a good third. As Payne took the
last hurdle, Starvard's cheers turned to
groans, for Payne stumbled and fell. In a
flash he was up, just to limp across the fin-
ish behind Gardner, who was trailing the
Gale man. Gloom pervaded the Starvard
stands when the news spread that Payne, the
anchor man of the two-mile relay was out
with a sprained ankle. Second and third in
the 120 high hurdles gave Starvard four
points to Gale's five. Gale took first and
third in the mile and first in the pole vault.
There was but one event left on the pro-
—
gram the two-mile relay. In the stands it
was figured that Gale was three points to
the good : Starvard 48, Gale 51.
"Who's going to take Payne's place?" was
the question in the Starvard stands. Then
calls for "Thacker Thacker !" came from
!
the crimson supporters. For if Starvard
took the relay, the meet was hers by a scant
two points. If Gale won, the meet was hers,
together with the Eastern championship.
"Hardy, do you suppose Thacker could
run another half against Price, who is per-
fectly fresh?"
"Pratt, I'd think you fellows would be so
ashamed of the dirt you've done Thacker
that you'd go hide yourselves. I wont ask
" here the coach
him, I'll tell you, but
looked straight into Pratt's eyes, "I bet you
he'll run, and mark my words, he'll beat
Price, if it kills him. Now, go ask him."
Pratt came back looking relieved. "All
right, Hardy!"
Carter toed the mark against Steen, the
Crack! went the pistol,
first Gale runner.
off they sped.
"Staunton, Thacker takes the baton from
you," called Pratt. Staunton looked sullen.
Down the home stretch came Carter and
Steen, Carter giving Pratt a good five-yard
lead which he held and increased by five, and
then Staunton took up the running. Archer
brought joy to Gale as he cut down Staun-
— :
195
ton's leadyard by yard. Then he tore down
to give Price an eight-yard start. Thacker
snatched the baton from Staunton and sped
away on a seemingly impossible task.
"Can he catch him? Will he hold out?"
Thacker seemed to be oblivious to the fact
that the heat was terrific, of everything in-
deed, but the eight-yard lead he had to cut
down. What difference did it make that his
throat was parched, his head was splitting,
that Price was the fastest man in the East
and this was his first year in collegiate cir-
cles? He had to win. He had to make
good, even under handicaps. Starvard thun-
dered encouragement as he tore after the
flying Price. After the first hundred yards,
he began a terrific pace. His feet seemed to
barely touch the ground. All thoughts of
hisblood gone, Starvard cheered him on
"Keep it up! Thack, old boy, go it! Come
on, old man !"
He heard nothing. He thought he had cut
down the lead He prayed for
by two yards.
strength: "Oh, Lord, just let me catch him
and I can pass him!" On and on they flew.
No cheering now, for the stands had settled
down to watch a match between two strong
men. The great stadium was silent save for
the crunching of the cinders. Thacker was
crawling up, foot by foot. Yard after yard
was covered at this murderous pace. Around
the last turn they sped, Price running easily,
Thacker glassy-eyed, hollow-cheeked but still
flying. One hundred yards to go Thack- —
er's breath was coming hot and fast, his
knees felt as if they must give way, yet he
spurred his failing strength for one last
,
great sprint. He again increased his speed,
to the amazement of the stands. Half-Avay
down he seemed almost gone. Forty yards
two more yards to make up on Price, who,
although tiring was beginning a spurt,
Twenty-five yards— he was just behind Price
but his chin had dropped on his chest, his
mouth hung open, and his eyes were blindeed
with tears as he felt unable to pass Price,
laboring at his side. Eight yards he was —
growing weaker stride by stride, but Price
had slipped an inch or so behind. Thacker
no longer heard the heavy breathing of Price
and raised his eyes to see whether he was in
front. Nothing in front but that bit of
worsted which marked the finish. He threw
up his arms and Hardy caught him as he
fell unconscious, breasting the tape, and
breaking the color line.
 :

The Crisis is interested to report that the Oct.—Fla. —Junior, rape.

standard American industry of lynching —Miller, rape.
Miss.
colored men has flourished during the year Ark. — Davis, murder.
1914. There is, of course, the usual differ- *Ala. —Unknown, assault.
ence of opinion as to the number of its vic- *Ark. —Unknown, murder.
tims. Tuskegee reluctantly admits 52; the *Ark. —Unknown, murder.
Chicago Tribune notes 54; The Crisis finds Tex. — Durfee, murder.
74, of whom 69 were colored and 5 white. Nov. —Miss. —Burns, assault.
Of the 69, four were colored women. The Ky. —10 unknown Negroes by night-rid-
following is a list of the lynchings and those ers.
starred areunrecorded in the Chicago Fla.—-Evans, rape.
Tribune with regard to five of these of
list;
—Allen, by night-riders.
Ky.
unknown name there is a bare possibility of —Wilson, murder.
S. C.
dujDlication or mistake, but this does not Miss. — Sullivan, arson.
seem probable Miss. — Sullivan, arson.

COLORED MEN LYNCHED Dec. —La. — McKnight, murder.

IN 1914
La. — T. Lewis, murder.
Jan. — Okla.—Dickerson, murder. La. — Dirden, murder.
N. C. — Wilson, murder.
La. —W. Lewis, murder.
*Ma. — Peck,
La. —Washington, murder.
assault.
*Fla. — James,
La. —Henderson, murder.
assault.
Tex. —Lee,
Ala. — Jones, unlawful entry.
assault.
*Ga. — Harris, murder.
C. — Green, intent
Feb. — Miss. — Petty, murder.
S. to steal.
C. — Seymour, rape.
Miss. — Johnson, murder.
S.
*Miss. — Williams,
March—Mo. — Shields, murder.
assault.

Tex. —Williams, assault. Total 69

*Miss. —Unknown, murder.
Ala.—Young, rape. NUMBER BY MONTHS
Okla. — Scott, murder.
April— *Miss. — Turner,
Jan. . 6 Miss 15
assault.
*Miss. —Unknown, race riot.
Feb. . 2 La 13
*Miss. —Unknown, race riot. •
Mch. . 5 Ky 11
*Tex.—Morgan, assault.
Apr. . 4 Fla 5
May— La.—Washington, murder. May . 4 Tex 5

*Ga. — Jones,
June . 3 Ala 5
theft.
La. — Hamilton, rape.
July . 2 S. C 4

*Fla. —Woodsome, unlawful entry.

Aug. . 8 Ark 3

June— Tex. —Robertson, murder. Sept. . 2 Okla. . 3

*Miss. — Smith, robbery.

Oct. . 7 Ga 3

*Miss. — resistance.
Collins,
Nov. . 16 N. C 1

July—Miss. — Bailey, theft.

Dec. . 10 Mo 1

S. C. — Carson, murder.
August— Okla. — Williams, murder. NUMBER BY CRIMES
La. — murder.
Griffin, Percentage

La. — Hall,
murder. Murder 30 44
La.— Holmes, murder. By rioters and nightriders 13 19
—
La. Unknown, murder. Personal assaults 10 14
—
La. Romeo, murder. Rape, attempts to rape and pre-
—
*]\Iiss. Robinson, murder. sence in women's rooms 8 IIV2
—
*Ala. Unknown, "running amuck." Robbery and theft 5]
Sept. — *Ala. —Baines, robbery. Arson 2l liy2
Ga. —Brown, murder. Resistance to search 1
198 THE CRISIS

LYNCHED BY YEARS, 1885-1914 couple of mules. Mules are quite valuable

in Mississippi. In the very recent lynehings
1885. 78 1900 107
in Louisiana it would seem that the search
1886. 71 1901 107
for a missing $500 was the chief motive. The
1887. 80 1902 86
burning of a barn in Mississippi resulted in
1888. 95 1903 86
two lynehings.
18S9. 95 1904 83
The chivalry of southern white manhood
1890. 90 1905 61
toward colored women has been particularly
1891. 121 1906 64
conspicuous this season. Two men raped a
1892. 155 1907 60
colored girl in Oklahoma. One was killed by
1893. 154 1908 93
her brother and their friends thereupon
1894. 134 1909 73
1895. 112 1910 65
lynched the girl! A
Mississippi mob killed
a wife along with her husband, leaving a
1896. 80 1911 63
four-year-old child motherless, while in an-
1897. 122 1912 63
other case a colored woman who had the im-
1898. 102 1913 79
pudence to refuse to allow her home to be
1899. 84 1914 69
searched was summarily dealt with.

Total
2,732
These lynehings produce the usual little
pleasantries with which the American nation
is so familiar. Murder, for instance, sounds
very awful and yet we must remember that
one of those lynched for murder was killed
in defence of a colored woman's honor. In
another case a marshal had already shot a
man whom he was about to arrest. The man
then killed him and was promptly lynched.
In -two Florida cases proof that the lynched
men were innocent came after they were
dead. Blood hounds and posses have been
responsible for desperate resistance on the
part of men afterward lynched, and in one
case the man who had been respited on ac-
count of doubt of his guilt was promptly
killed by the mob.
On the other hand, white womanhood re-
ceived its usual protection. An impudent
porter pushed a white woman off the side-
walk and was lynched. In two cases colored
men were found in white women's rooms.
They were immediately charged with "at-
tempted" rape and killed.
Human bonfires have been made in three
or four cases: one in Georgia, one in Mis-
sissippi, and one in Louisiana. In Louisiana
the victim was a nice old man of the "uncle"
type which the white South particularly
loves. Atheatrical company playing "Pot-
ash and Perlmutter" made an excursion to
the entertainment and several society women
were present.
All this goes to show how peculiarly fitted
the United States is for moral leadership of
the world for putting to shame the dreadful
;

The so-called assaults were to a consider- people who are fighting in Europe and seem
able extent fights where the white man was quite lost to decency. It is a fine thing to
worsted. One constable received a flesh have under these circumstances the stern
wound and his assailant was lynched, where- cool leadership of President Wilson, who
upon the constable promptly recovered. An- has recently raised his finger and with a sad
other white man suffered the indignity of be- look on his benevolent face told the South
ing struck hoe, and still another of
by a "as a Southerner" that they must "know the
having his chin bitten off. The assailants in needs of the Negro and sympathetically help
both cases were killed with great enthusiasm. him in every way that is possible for his
Attacks on property are most irritating, good and for our good." The President
and one boy who stole a pair of shoes suf- ended with a charming story from Charles
fered the same fate as a man who stole a Lamb.

—
William Stanley Braithwaite Anthology of Maga- —
George W. Ellis Negro Culture in West Africa.
Neale Publishing Co. $2.00.
zine Verse for 1914.Published by the author. $1.50.
—
Leon Laviaux The Ebon Muse and Other Poems, —
Charles Alexander Battles and Victories of Allen
Allensworth. Sherman, French & Co. $1.70.
Englished by John Myers O'Hara. Smith and Sale.
$2.00. Charles Edward Russell— Story of Wendell Phillips.
Charles H. Kerr
—& Co. 50 cents.
T. G. Steward—The Haytian Revolution, 1791-1804. John H. Reed Racial Adjustments in the Metho-
Thomas Y. Crowell Co. $1.25. dist Episcopal Church. Neale Publishing Co.
 A PILE OF BOOKS 199

A. M. Trawick, Editor— The New Voice in Race
Adjustment, Addresses and Reports presented at the
Negro Christian Students' Conference, Atlanta, Ga.,
May 14-18, 1914. Students' Volunteer Movement.
—
George F. Bragg Men of Maryland. Published by
the author.
Maurice N. Corbett — The Harp of Ethiopia. Na-
roon twenty-two years of age, and a resident
of Martinique. Mr. O'Hara has now trans-
lated these poems into English and by way
of introduction he quotes those fine words of
Lafcadio Hearn "Physically, the fille de
:

tional Baptist Publishing Board.

Sidney L. Gulick — The American-Japanese Problem. couleur [colored woman] may
certainly be
Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.75. classed, as white Creole writers have not hesi-
tated to class her, with the most beautiful
We have before us an interesting pile of
books. First in interest comes Mr. Braith- women of the human race." It is to these

waite's "Anthology." The Crisis has said women that Laviaux sings:

before that the great gift of Negro blood to
America is not to be cotton or potatoes but
a new gift of art and realization of beauty.
Something of this has already come in the
wonderful music of black folk and what may
come in the future is curiously evidenced by
the fact that to-day a man of Negro blood
is recognfzed as being the foremost critic and
expositor of American poetry. It is a pecu-
liar position, full of temptation and annoy-
ances, but in it Mr. Braithwaite keeps his
singular poise and calm, his simple, judicial
sense. He doing a great work and he lets
is
himself do it untrammelled by racial lines
or economic considerations and with one ac-
; Chaplain Steward has written a history
cord the American literary world yields him
the palm Curious, is it not, that
in his field.
this of poetry among white folk
defense
should come and come so naturally from col-
ored lips?
"The modern idea seems to be that poetry
has no relation to life. Life in the modern
sense is action, progress, success. Poetry has
been conceded special themes: it can deal
—
with passion the strange and unnatural and
unreal physical attraction of the sexes with
nature, with the symbols of mythology, and
with the characteristic sentimental heroism
of history and events. With reality, it must
have nothing to do. It is supposed, by the
modern world of Anglo-Saxon literalness, to
create an atmosphere of illusion, which one
must avoid to keep one's emotions from go-
ing astray in a civilization that needs the
hardest kind of commonsense. It is para-
doxical that the English-speaking people
who have given the world the greatest poets,
should take this false attitude while in pos-
session of the greatest spiritual and imagin-
ative legacy of life and experience, be-
queathed them from one generation to an-
other during the last four hundred years."
In Mr. Braithwaite's bibliography he men-
tions "The Ebon Muse" by Leon Laviaux.
The translator of these poems came across
the book in New Orleans in 1908. It was
written in Creole-French patois by a quad-
"A hymn of racial beauty, rare and new,
The rival lure beneath the ebon hue;
The radiance of the suns that triumph in
The finer lustre of the golden skin;
Burnished as bronze or sable as the rise,
Velvet and deep, of moonless midnight skies.
This was the gift, my heritage, that she
Gave with the kiss whose fire is memory;
Whose freshness is of Heliconian dews,
The consecration of the Ebon Muse."
Turning from poetry we have two solid
contributions to the history of the Negro race
in the books of Steward and Ellis.
of "The Haytian Revolution" which, as he
says, was "one of the most interesting move-
ments of modern times."
"The social foundations were destroyed
and the whole social superstruction reduced
to its original elements, and the State was
organized while society was little more than
chaos.
"The Haytian Revolution was accom-
plished on the one hand by slaves who were
— fighting primarily for the right to own them-
selves; and on the other by men, half free,
who were contending primarily for the other
half —
freedom their rights as French
of
citizens. Both classes were without political
training, and the most enlightened of the
so-called free men had but the slightest the-
oretical knowledge of the duties and prob-
lems of government. These people, un-
learned in state-craft, unskilled in warfare,
masses of them but recently from the wilds
of Africa, arose in their native might and
resuming their primitive freedom overthrew
the existing social order by force of arms
and in the end created a State."
The book is well printed and illustrated.
Mr. George W. Ellis, formerly Secretary
of Legation in Liberia, has made an excellent
contribution to Negro history in his intensive
monographic study of the Vai people of the
West coast of Africa. He shows, as all
200 THE
serious students of African life prove, the
high culture and ability of these black peo-
ple. Both these two histories ought to be in
every colored American's library.
Charles Alexander's chronicle of the life
of the late Col. Allen Allenswprth is much
longer and more detailed than the reader
could wish, and yet the evident truth of the
chronicle, particularly, that relating to Al-
lensworth's childhood and youth is of great
interest. The part relating to his adult life
is rather spoiled by a number of letters and
documents and newspaper clippings together
with essays on the NegTO problem and even
poems. Many readers will be attracted,
nevertheless, to much of this record.
Charles Edward Russell's little volume on
Wendell Phillips is a tremendously inspiring
thing and ought to be in the hands of every
American child of all colors. As Mr. Russell
says:
"Diligently the whole story of our civil
war is perverted and distorted to the minds
of the rising generation. The glory for the
abolition of slavery is bestowed upon men
that had no feeling or conviction against the
hateful institution and were no more than
THE HOWARD FOOTBALL TEAM (SEE PAGE
CRISIS
the passive instruments in the hands of an
aroused public opinion. Back of all these,
back of the military commanders whose
statues rise now in every square of the na-
tional capital,back of the misread and mis-
understood Emancipated Proclamation, was
the little band of Abolitionists steadily ap-
pealing to the nation's conscience. The real
emancipators of the slaves were Garrison,
Phillips, John Brown and the few that
standing with them upon the exalted ground
of right, despised expediency and refused to
compromise." And he adds truly that Wen-
dell Phillips, socialist and emancipator, has
been perhaps most neglected of all.
There is much in "The New Voice in Race
Adjustment" which will interest students of
NegTO problem, although the addresses and
papers are of very uneven value and there
is a certain smug religiosity about the whole
thing which is not attractive.
Negroes would do well to read Mr. Gulick's
sympathetic study of the American-Japanese
Problem. It is a broad statement of a race
difficulty kindred to ours on which we should
be intelligent.
All these books are for sale at this office.
191)
 :

THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 201

A Check That Made History

Standard Life Insurance Company paid on January 4th, to Mrs.
Artha Caver, of Pine Bluff, Arkansas, Two Thousand Dollars, in full
settlement of a policy in that Company on the life of her husband, Lynch
F. Caver, a prominent young business man.

Mr. Caver took this policy July 17th, 1914.

He paid in premiums, $47.10.
He was injured in a runazvay accident, December 17th, 1914.
He died as a result of his injuries, December 24th, 1914.
Death proof papers were received by the Company January 4th, 1915.
Payment made January 4th, 1915. Same day.
His wife received two thousand dollars.

This is the largest payment ever made by a colored life insurance

organization to a policy holder, and this check makes history.
Mr. Caver was only 32 years old, in perfect health and had every
reason to believe he would live for a long time. The accident which killed
him came suddenly and without warning. Maybe you are in perfect
health today. You think you are going to live a long time too. But
accidents are frequent. Who knows?
Take that insurance today that you planned to take last year. You
know you need it and ought to have it. Delays are dangerous. Suppose
Mr. Caver had delayed his application.

Among the claims we paid last year were

Chas. H. Stroud, Atlanta, $1,000. Killed in street car. A former
letter carrier.
Rev. I. S. Person, St. Louis, Mo., $500.00. Heart failure. A pro-
minent C. M. E. Minister.
Chas. A. Shaw, Brunswick, Ga., $500.00. Gun shot wound. Past
Grand Chancellor Knights of Pythias.
Let us protect you as we protected the families of these men. No
matter where you live we can protect you.

Over One Hundred Thousand Dollars on Deposit with

the State of Georgia for the Protection of all policy
holders.

Please

STANDARD LIFE INSURANCE CO. JSiff.

about
200 Auburn Avenue insurance.

GEORGIA Amount!
ATLANTA, :: ::
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•
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Name
HARRY H. PACE, Secretary /
Address
(C. Feb. 1915.)

Mention The Crisis

202 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

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204 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

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 —
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 :

206 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

LEGAL DIRECTORY PERSONAL CARDS

/Central 104-W Telephone 5277 Morningside
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1 Main 61 DR. GERTRUDE
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Attorn ey-at-Law Notary Public 188 W. 135th Street New York City
1607 Williamson Building Cleveland, Ohio
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Office L. D.Telephone 3297 Market Architect
Residence L. D. Telephone 5277-M Market 138J4 Auburn Avenue Atlanta, Ga.
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S.
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SMITH
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ACCOUNTANT Systems
Offices: Suite 802 Sykes Block Business information by mail. Open for
Near Third and Hennepin engagements July and August
Minneapolis Minn. Box 25, Wilberforce University
Wilberforce, O.

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34 School Street Boston, Mass.

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Attorney and Counselor at Law. Secretary Lone Star name and ud dress on it.
State Bar Association. Your Texas business Lsolicited. Paragon Tailoring Co.
Can handle in any part of state. Dent, 251 CHICAGO
120 1-2 S. 3d STREET Phone 1953. NtwlWACO, TEXAS
Mention Til ClIIII
 These prices do not include postage. Postage extra.

House Behind the Cedars. (Charles W. Chesnutt) $1.50

Hazel. (Mary White Ovington) 1.00

The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. (Anonymous) 1.20

Lyrics of Lowly Life. (Paul Laurence Dunbar) 1.25

The Marrow of Tradition. (Charles W. Chesnutt) 1.50

The Sport of the Gods. (Paul Laurence Dunbar) 1.50

Norris Wright Cuney. (Maud Cuney Hare) 1.50

A Narrative of the Negro. (Leila Amos Pendleton) 1.50

Souls of Black Folk. (W. E. B. Du Bois) 1.25

Race Adjustment. (Kelly Miller) 2.00

History of the Negro. (B. G. Brawley) 1.25

Half a Man. (Mary White Ovington) 1.00

Mind of Primitive Man. (Franz Boas) 1.50

Aftermath of Slavery. (William Sinclair) 1.50

John Brown. (W. E. B. Du Bois) 1.25

Negro in American History. (J. W. Cromwell) 1.25

Prince Hall and His Followers. (George W. Crawford) 1.00

Liberia. (Frederick Starr) 1.00

Facts of Reconstruction. (John R. Lynch) 1.50

Story of the Negro. 2 Volumes. (Booker T. Washington) 3.00

Masterpieces of Negro Eloquence. (Alice Moore Dunbar, Editor) 2.50

Poems of Paul Laurence Dunbar 2.00
The African Abroad. 2 Volumes. (William H. Ferris) 5.00
Afro-American Folksongs. (H. E. Krehbiel) 2.00

Out of the House of Bondage. (Kelly Miller) 1.50

The Colored Inventor. (Henry E. Baker) 15

A Child's Story of Dunbar. (Julia L. Henderson) 25

Address
THE CRISIS
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 : : :

Attention, Masons!
A New Book of Interest to You

Prince Hall and j His Followers

A carefully argued defense of the legitimacy of Negro Masonry in the
United States, with notes and documents, by
GEORGE W. CRAWFORD, 32°
A graduate of Tuskegee, Talladega and Yale, formerly clerk of the
Probate Court of New Haven and now a practicing lawyer there. Mr.
Crawford is one of the best informed Masons in the country.
COMMENTS
From James F.Rikards, 33°, Most Puissant Sovereign Grand Commander,
A. & A. Scottish Rite
" 'Prince Hall and His Followers,' written by a scholarly Afro-American, pre-
sents to the Masonic world a treatise on the legitimacy of Negro Masonry that
should be in the hands of every Mason seeking for Truth. The information
contained in the chapter devoted to Prince Hall is alone worth to the young
Mason the price of the book. Brother Crawford's easy and pleasing style
creates in the reader a desire to complete the volume before putting the book
out of his hands."

From Henry A. Spencer, 33°, Grand Master and Grand Commander of

Knights Templar of New York
"The book fills a long-felt want among intelligent Masons of our Race.
To know that we are right, and to substantiate that fact by intelligent research
and logical statements, is worth more to us than what the other fellow may
say. This is what Brother Crawford's book does and it should be in the hands
;

of every Mason of our Race."

From Jose H. Sherwood, 33°, Past Grand Master of Minnesota and

Deputy Imperial Potentate of Shriners
"A very strong brief, setting forth plainly the legitimacy of Prince Hall
Masonry, and, as well, a stern call to all Negroes to assume full pride in the
happy possession of a Rite which can show such clear proofs of its contentions."

From William H. Grimshaw, 33°, Past Grand Master of the District of

Columbia and author of "A History of Colored Freemasonry" :

"I have read with great pleasure 'Prince Hall and His Followers.' The book
is well written, containing clear and convincing diction. The impartial accuracy
with which the facts are marshalled makes the book a very valuable asset
to Masons."

Price One Dollar. Postage Extra.

ORDER NOW AGENTS WANTED

THE CRISIS
70 Fifth Avenue :: :: New York

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 T
yV*f
A
f
MARCH
I915

•-

k ^<*9
"Out of the House of Bondage"
The latest and greatest book from the pen of

PROFESSOR KELLY MILLER

"No man of his race has so sure a power of prunning falacies with passionless
intellectual severity."— Boston Transcript.

"The man searches deeply into underlying causes." — St. Joseph, Mo., News-Press.

"A philosophic treatise. "—Charlotte, N. C, Observer.

"No student of social conditions of America at the present time will want to fail to see
it on his shelves." —Southern Workman.

242 Pages. Price $1.50.

Agents Wanted Everywhere

Address: Prof. KELLY MILLER, Howard University

Washington, D. C.

A Life of
Norris Wright Cuney
By
MAUD CUNEY HARE
(His Daughter)

Would you like to read about a red-blooded man who was one
of the great leaders of Negro Americans? Would you like to inspire

your children with the life of this "Tribune of the Black People"?

250 pages. Postpaid, $1.50. Best terms to agents.

THE CRISIS
70 Fifth Avenue New York City

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THE CRISIS
A RECORD OF THE DARKER RACES
PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF
COLORED PEOPLE, AT 70 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY
Conducted by
W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS
AUGUSTUS GRANVILLE DILL, Business Manager

Contents Copyrighted, 1915, by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Contents for March, 1915

PICTURES
COVER DESIGN. Photographed from Life. By L. H. Miner. Page
ERNEST EVERETT JUST. Spingarn Medalist 248

ARTICLES
THE WHITE WITCH. A Poem. By James Weldon Johnson 239

LINCOLN. By T.J. Calloway 240

AN OLD FOLKS' HOME 242

AN OPEN WINDOW. By Agnes P. Berry, M. D. 244

P^EAN. A Poem. By Otto L. Bohanan 245

DEPARTMENTS
COLOR LINE 215

MEN OF THE MONTH 221

OPINION 225

EDITORIAL 235

THE BURDEN 250

TEN CENTS A COPY; ONE DOLLAR A YEAR

FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS TWENTY-FIVE CENTS EXTRA
RENEWALS: When a subscription blank is attached to this page a renewal of your subscrip-
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CHANGE OF ADDRESS: The address of a subscriber can be changed as often as desiied.

In ordering a change of address, both the old and the new address must be given. Two weeks'
notice is required.
MANUSCRIPTS and drawings relating to colored people are desired. They must be accom-
panied by return postage. If found unavailable they will be returned.

Entered as Second-class Matter in the Post Office at New York, N. Y.

 :

212 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

Atlanta University MOREHOUSE COLLEGE

(Formerly Atlanta Baptist College)
Is beautifully located in the City of Atlanta,
Ga. The courses of study include High ATLANTA, GA.
School, Normal School and College, with Academy, Divinity School
College,
manual training and domestic science. Among An institution famous within recent year*
the teachers are graduates of Yale, Harvard,
for its emphasis on all sides of manly develop-
Dartmouth and Wellesley. Forty-five years
of successful work have been completed.
—
ment the only institution in the far South
devoted solely to the education of Negro
Students come from all parts of the South. young men.
Graduates are almost universally successful. Graduates given high ranking by greatest
For further information address northern universities. Debating, Y. M. C A-,
President EDWARD T. WARE athletics, all live features.

ATLANTA, GA. For information address

JOHN HOPE, President

Knoxville College ST. MARY'S SCHOOL

Healthful Location.
Beautiful Situation.
The Best Moral and Spiritual Environ- An Episcopal boarding and day school for
under the direction of the Sisters of St.
ment. A
Splendid Intellectual Atmos-
girls,
Mary. Address
phere. Noted for Honest and Thorough
Work.
THE SISTER-IN-CHARGE
Offers full courses in the following departments:
611 N. 43d St. W. Philadelphia, Pa.
College, Normal, High School, Grammar School and
Industrial. .

Good water, steam heat, electric lights, good drain-

age. Expenses very reasonable.
AVOID BAD SCHOOLS
Opportunity for self-help. Educate your children at home under our expert teachen
Fall Term Began September, 1914. Courses for Adults
For information address
Pupils received at any time. Write to
President R W. McGRANAHAN
Educational Extension School, Box 3194 Station F, Washington, D. C.
KNOXVILLE, TENN.
Highly Endorsed. Financially Responsible.

The Agricultural and

WILEY UNIVERSITY
MARSHALL, TEXAS
Mechanical College
Recognized as a college of the First Class
by Texas and Louisiana State Boards of
Maintained by the govern- Education. Harvard, Yale and Columbia
ments of North Carolina and represented on its faculty ; students gath-
United Open ered from ten different states.
of the States.
all the year round. For West
Strongest Music Department in the
males only. Fall term be-
M. W. DOGAN, President
gan September i, 1914-
Board, lodging and tuition,
$7 per month. Best oppor- FISK UNIVERSITY
tunities for Negro youth. NASHVILLE, TENN.
Night school for indigent Founded 1866 C. W. Morrow, Dean
but ambitious young men. Thorough Literary, Scientific, Educational

For catalog or further infor- and Social Science Courses. Pioneer in

Negro music. Special study in Negro history.
mation, address
Ideal and sanitary buildings and grounds.

PRESIDENT DUDLEY Well-equipped Science building.

Christian home life.
A. & M. College Greensboro, N. C. High standard of independent manhood and
womanhood.
Mention The Crisis
 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 213

The National Religious Training School

"I cordially commend the school's interest and needs to all who believe
in the Negro race and in our obligation to help promote its intellectual, moral
and religious uplift."
— Rev. Dr. Charles H. Parkhurst, New York City.

IT IS MORE THAN A MERE SCHOOL

IT IS A COMMUNITY OF SERVICE AND UPLIFT
Its influence is destined to be felt in all sections of the country in improved
Negro community life wherever our trained workers locate.
Settlement workers, missionaries for home and foreign mission fields, Y. M. C. A.
and Y. W. A. secretaries and district nurses receive a comprehensive grasp of their
C.
studies under a Wellesley graduate and experienced co-workers and actual every-day
practice through the school's SOCIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT.
We aim also to create a better qualified ministry.
Industrial training, advanced literary branches, business school.
Thirty-two acres ten modern buildings healthful location.
; ;

We can accommodate a few more earnest, ambitious students.

Communities requiring social workers should write us.

For catalog and detailed information address:

PRESIDENT JAMES E. SHEPARD
National Religious Training School Durham, N. C
The school has no endowment fund and must raise a yearly maintenance fund
of $15,000 for running expenses. Won't you help us this year?

The Cheyney Training School for Teachers

CHEYNEY, PENNSYLVANIA

Under the management of the Society of Friends. Beautifully located,

healthful, well appointed, and within easy reach of a great variety of educa-
tional institutions, public and private, extending from West Chester to
Philadelphia representing a wide range of educational problems and
;

practice.

This school offers to young colored men and women who have a reasonable
secondary school preparation, and who earnestly desire to become teachers,
carefully graded courses in academic work, domestic science, domestic art,
manual crafts and agriculture. Summer school will not be held at Cheyney
during 1915, but will open on an improved basis in 1916. Tuition is free.
Board, lodging, heat, light and laundry privileges are offered for nine
months for $100. The charge for the same during the summer-school
course is $15. -Write for particulars to

LESLIE PINCKNEY HILL, Principal

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214 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER
OF INTEREST TO VOCAL STUDENTS E. ALDAMA JACKSON
TONE-PLACING AND Graduate Institute of Musical Art, Organist and Director
VOICE- DEVELOPMENT of Music
Teacher of Theory and Piano
St.Mark's M. E. Church

Points explained, viz.: Breath in

Singing, Trying the Voice, the Theory course embraces elementary and advanced
Soprano, the Mezzo-Soprano, the Harmony or Counterpoint.
Contralto, Tenor Leggiero or High Private or Class Work
Tenor, the Baritone, the Bass,
Parts of the Vocal Apparatus, the
Studio : 30 W. 132d STREET, NEW YORK CITY
Mouth, the Tongue, Position when
Practising, Position when Singing,
How to Practice, Good Rules for
Singing. The Poems of Phillis Wheatley
Comment from the conductor of the Paulist Chor-
isters, the celebrated choral society which received the early Negro poetess collected by
the first prize awarded at the International Singing
Contest held in Paris on May 25, 1912: RICHARD R. WRIGHT, JR., and
CHARLOTTE CROGMAN WRIGHT
"Dear Mr. Tinsley:
"I take great pleasure in commending your very Price, One Dollar
useful and succinctly written book on 'Tone-Placing
and Voice-Development.' Your own appreciation of
the psychology of singing and the fundamental prin-
ciples of the art you have cleverly reduced to a THE CRISIS
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"Father WILLIAM J. FINN, C. S. P.,
Director Paulist Choristers of Chicago."
From "Musical Courier," N. Y.: "A very practical
littlebook is 'Tone-Placing and Voice-Development,' "GLEANINGS FROM DIXIE-LAND"
by Pedro T. Tinsley. It contains some very excellent Ten poems by
material and vocal exercises, and should be in the Effie T. Battle, A.M.
hands of all vocal students."
From "Music News," Chicago, 111.: "Accordingly "Mrs. Battle has an individual gift of melody."
his 'Practical Method of Singing* is a most concise —Springfield Republican.
and practical little manual, containing many valuable "You owe it your
to race to publish your poems in
vocal exercises. It cannot fail to be helpful to all
ambitious vocal students."
book
vocate.
form." —Editor, Southwestern Christian Ad-

HELPED HIM GREATLY "Verses are smooth, graceful, high-minded and clear,
reverent to all truth, appreciative of all beauty and
"Since I practised your exercises of 'Tone-Placing
and Voice-Development' my voice is more resonant
true inspiration." —
George W. Cable.
than it has been for years. It seems to me that I PRICE 25 CENTS.
am getting a new voice." Prof. John T. Layton, Address: Okolona Industrial School,
Director Coleridge-Taylor Musical Society, 1722 10th Okolona, Miss.
St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

PRICE $1.00
Address the publisher: Pedro T. Tinsley, 6448 Drexel
Ave., Chicago, 111.; Summy, 64 E. Van
or Clayton F.
PHOTOGRAPHS ENLARGED
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may be made in commissions by
WEEK
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"History of Negro Soldiers in Spanish-American
War" combined with "History of the Negro Race."
WANTED 400 pages, 50 illustrations. Price $1.25 net.
Agents for THE CRISIS. Dignified work. Address: E. A. JOHNSON
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 J
THE CRISIS
Vol. 9 -No. 5 MARCH,
MUSIC AND ART
T^HE Drama Committee of the N. A.
•* A. C. P. authorized by the national
body for the purpose of studying ways
and means of utilizing the stage in the
service of our cause, has been at work
for several weeks. The committee is
anxious to have race plays submitted for
examination. Manuscripts should be
typewritten, or, if not typewritten, sub-
mitted in legible handwriting, should be
fully postpaid, and should contain the
name and address of the sender. To
avoid the embarrassment of a possible
loss in transmission, authors are urged
to keep a copy of manuscripts submitted.
Address all communications to the
Chairman, Mrs. L. B. Glenn, 941 S St.,
N. W., Washington, D. C.
CMr. H. T. Burleigh's recently pub-
lished sacred song, "His Word Is Love,"
is spoken of with favor in leading music
journals. Of one of the two short songs,
the words by W. R. Henley, Musical
America says: "Here Mr. Burleigh is
writing seriously and when he does that,
he is always interesting. One can recall
nothing that he has done recently that is
as pure and fine as his 'Bring Her Again
to Me,' in which he seems to have caught
completely the spirit of Henley's lovely
poem."
CRicordi & Co. announce a new song,
"Mem'ries of Violets," by J. Rosamond
Johnson.
CAt the third of the "Chansons en Crin-
oline," given at the Plaza Hotel, New
York, in January, a special feature was
1915 Whole No. 53
called "The Story of a Cotton Gown."
Mme. Frances Alda, the Metropolitan
Opera soprano, sang Southern melodies
and Mr. Harry T. Burleigh, baritone,
with a quintet of colored singers sang
Afro-American folk songs.
©At Dayton, Ohio., Miss Kitty Cheat-
ham gave an interesting talk to 1,000
young women employed at the National
Cash Register Co.
In appreciation of Miss Cheatham's
enthusiastic espousal of the preservation
of Negro melodies, a quartet of colored
singers were engaged to sing folk-songs.
The singing did not meet with the ap-
proval of Miss Cheatham, and to the
amusement of the audience, she came to
the stage and proceeded to direct them.
At the Victoria Theater, at her reg-
ular recital, Miss Cheatham paid a glow-
ing tribute to the late Paul Laurence
Dunbar, and read his "When Malindy
Sings."
HOs-Ke-Non-Ton, the Mohawk Indian
Chief, who is said to have a fine voice
which is now being trained for the con-
cert stage, made his debut in New York
City at the "Tree of Light." The music
journals spoke appreciatingly of his ap-
pearance.
CAt the Musicale given at Hempstead,
L. I. on Jan. 12th, by pupils of Miss Fay
Foster, a teacher of New York City,
songs by! Coleridge Taylor were present-
ed on the program.
CAt the Ford Hall Meeting of Jan. 17,
at Boston, Mass., for which Rev. John
Haynes Holmes of New York was the
216 THE
speaker, Mr. William H. Richardson,
baritone, gave a program of classic and
modern songs. He was assisted by Mrs.
Maud Cuney Hare at the piano.
CMr. Roland W. Hayes, the tenor, was
heard with much pleasure at the "Rus-
sell Club" Musicale, given at the U.ni-
versalist Church of Melrose, Mass., on
Jan. 20th. An enthusiastic audience de-
manded many encores.
CThe Howard University Glee Club has
been touring Delaware and Pennsylvania
and singing among other things Negro
folk songs and the compositions of Bur-
leigh, Cook and Johnson.
CMiss Anne Whitney, the famous sculp-
a member of the Anti-Slavery group
tor,
in New England, died at the age of 93,
in January in her apartment in Boston,
Mass.
Among Miss Whitney's works was a
piece called "Ethiopia," a reclining fig-
ure of a young colored woman, raising
herself, and in the act of awakening. The
statue was destroyed, although the artist
long afterward said, "It was one of the
best things I ever did." Her next piece
of work was a statue of Toussaint L'-
Overture, whose heroic life strongly ap-
pealed to her.
Miss Whitney's best known works are
the statues of Sam Adams in Adams
Square, Boston, and Charles Sumner,
near Howard Square in Cambridge,
Mass.
CThe Choir Guild of St. Bartholomew's
Church, Cambridge, Mass., gave a con-
cert and assembly on Jan. 11 at Brattle
Hall.
Miss Lydia C. McClane of Philadel-
phia, was the soprano soloist Mr. Ro- ;
land W. Hayes, tenor; Mr. Wesley
Howard, violinist and Mr. J. Shelton
Pollen, pianist.
CThe Hampton Choral Union gave a
concert at the Gymnasium.
Institute
Miss Helen Ware, the violinist, was
helped by choruses and soloists.
CA folk-lore festival with music is be-
ing planned by the Y. M. C. A. of In-
dianapolis.
MEETINGS
A MEETING of Negro authors has
-**- been called for August, 1915, dur-
ing the fiftieth anniversary celebration of
Negro freedom at Chicago.
CRISIS
CThe National Negro Business League
will hold its fifteenth
annual meeting in
Boston, August 18, 19 and 20, 1915.
CA large meeting for the benefit of
Hampton Institute was held in Carnegie
Hall, New York City. Mr. Booker T.
Washington, Major R. R. Moton and
Mr. Harry T. Burleigh took part.
CThe annual Negro Farmers' Confer-
ence was held at Lane College, Jackson,
Tenn.
CThe Board of Bishops of the A. M. E.
Zion Church met at Petersburg, Va.
CThe twentieth annual meeting of the
Tuskegee Negro Conference has been
held at Tuskegee Institute. There was
the usual meeting of farmers followed
by a meeting of workers. The attend-
ance was large.
CThe largest meeting on Dr. J. E. Spin-
garn's remarkable trip was that at Pitts-
burgh, where 3,000 people crowded the
church and many could not get in.
EDUCATION
TTOWARD UNIVERSITY may re-
X± ceive $104,800 from the United
States Government if present proposals
pass Congress. This sum is larger than
last year and provides for a professor of
sociology and a survey of housing con-
ditions among Negroes.
CThe new Douglas High School at San
Antonio, Tex., has ten rooms and cost
$32,000.
CThe Association of Teachers in Negro
Schools will hold their annual meeting
in Cincinnati next July.
CThe County Judge of Jersey Co., 111.,
has just appointed two additional mem-
bers to the Board of Trustees of the
"George Washington Fund." This fund
was founded by a Negroand now
amounts to $23,000. income is used
Its
for educating colored students and there
has long been a feeling that the white
trustees are not making desperate efforts
to find beneficiaries. One hundred stu-
dents have been assisted in the past but
only one is at present receiving aid.
CThe Mayor of Knoxville, Tenn., has
recommended a new colored high school.
In reply to white newspaper opposition,
a colored man writes to a local paper:
 ALONG THE COLOR LINE
"We have seen building after building
for school purposes go up for whites,
and our school left in a miserable loca-
tion without improvements and falling
into decay, and have never uttered a pro-
test. We have paid the ten cent tax levy
on the $100 to build and maintain high
schools in Knox county, and yet we have
said nothing. We are even preparing to
help assume the $125,000 that the county
has undertaken to raise to buy a farm
for the University of Tennessee where
none of the colored race can have ac-
cess, and at the same time we propose
to do this cheerfully, or at least as cheer-
fully as we can. And now, when the
mayor of the city comes along with a
proposition to give us a new high school
and to take us out of a location that no
other race would have stood for five min-
utes, and where we have been forty
years, in a building paid for by northern
philanthropists, we are charged with be-
'
'ill advised' and as acting 'hasty.'
:
ing
C Governor Emmett O'Neal of Alabama,
visited Tuskegee Institute and addressed
the students.
C Howard University had 75 college stu-
dents in 1907 and 313 in 1914. The
Freshman Class of 1914 numbered 144
and came from 50 high schools, acad-
emies and colleges. The last graduating
class numbered 49 of these 14 went to
;
teaching, 20 entered professional schools,
2 entered schools of engineering, 2 en-
tered business, 6 are taking graduate
studies and 6 are at work earning money
for professional courses in the future.
There are in all 40 graduates of the col-
lege in the professional schools of How-
ard University and others are at Har-
vard, Columbia, Cornell, Chicago, North-
western, Boston and other universities.
Mr. Kelly Miller regards this record as
marking the end of the controversy be-
tween the Negro colleges and industrial
schools.
CDr. J. W. and Mrs. L. S. Anderson of
Dallas, Tex., have just given to Meharry
Medical College of Nashville, Tenn., a
deed of real estate in Dallas valued at
least at $10,000. The proceeds of this
gift are for the erection of the "Ander-
son Anatomical Hall."
<[The trustees of the Jeanes and Slaier
Funds and members of the educational
boards of most of the colored churches
217
had a conference recently with the
United States Commissioner of Educa-
tion. The maintenance of the standards
of institutions like Fisk and Atlanta on
the one hand and Hampton and Tuske-
gee on the other was discussed.
POLITICS
T^HE white people of Louisiana are
A exercised because the payment of
poll taxes among the Negroes of the
state has recently doubled. Some think
that this means increased political activ-
ity among Negroes, while others are
sure that the Negroes are trying to in-
crease the meager amounts given to pub-
lic schools. Many Negro organizations
are making the payment of poll taxes by
their members compulsory.
CThe New England colored Baptist con-
vention is mailing its report on the
"State of the Country" to every memoer
of Congress. The report will arrive
February 22nd and the convention asks
that every member and friend of the
church write to his representative and
senators and call their attention to the
pamphlet.
CThe Indian Register of the Treasury
appointed by President Wilson to suc-
ceed the Hon. J. P. Napier, has resigned
to become Indian Commissioner. Next?
ECONOMICS
TV/T R. E. G.
^~ A
HARLESTON has built a
new three-story building for his
undertaking business in Charleston, S.
C.
CMr. Booker T. Washington has pur-
chased 10,000 acres of land in the vicin-
ity of Cheehaw, Ala. for colonization
purposes. A lumber plant has already
been started. A
new railway line will
connect this colony with Tuskegee.
CIt is charged that the Brotherhood of
Locomotive Firemen and Engineers are
trying to oust Negro firemen. The ques-
tion arose in the proceedings of the
Board of Arbitration between railroads
and firemen which has been sitting in
Chicago. The council for the firemen
admitted that the Negro firemen had not
been represented when the arbitration
agreement was made.
218 THE
CVirginia Union University has been
helping the Associated Charities of Rich-
mond. The Associated Charities had
formerly refused aid to needy Negroes
but when 1,500 unemployed Negroes be-
sieged their officers they asked the Uni-
versity to make investigation for them.
Classes were dismissed and already more
than 900 families have been visited. The
work was personally superintended by
Dr. Simpson, of the Department of So-
ciology.
{[The Howard Medical School is now
the only Negro school rated in class of A
the American Medical Association. Me-
harry is in class B. In 1913, of the 38
graduates of Howard examined by med-
ical boards, only 3 failed. This is prac-
tically the same percentage as that made
by Harvard graduates.
C Frederick L. Siddons, a grandson of
the great actress, has been recently con-
firmed as Justice of the District of Co-
lumbia Supreme Court. His colored
employes in his former office of Distiict
Commissioner, presented him with an
inscribed testimonial on parchment.
CThe colored schools of Baltimore are
searching for 17 names of distinguished
colored persons, not living, after whom
the colored school houses may be named.
{[The beautiful building of the Red
Cross Sanitarium, a colored hospital at
Louisville, Ky., was opened for inspec-
tion on Lincoln's birthday.
CBrig.-Gen. Philip Reade, U. S. A., re-
tired, recently addressed the Kentucky
State Society of the Sons of the Ameri-
can Revolution on "Negro Soldiers in
the Revolutionary War."
C Edward Wood,
a 17 year old colored
boy of Pulaski County, Ark., has recent-
ly made a record in cotton growing by
raising 2 bales amounting to 1,192
pounds on 2 acres of land.
THE CHURCH
I E. EARNEST, a southern white
•* • man, has recently published a book
at Charlottesville, Va., on the history of
the Negro Church.
CThe Commission of the M. E. Church,
on the federation of colored Methodist
churches, met in Chattanooga.
CRISIS
CThere is still trouble in the Baptist
church between the publishing house and
the national convention. The facts are
difficult to ascertain, but the splendid
work accomplished by the publishing
house cannot be gainsaid.
PERSONAL
A/T ISS FRANCES F. KEALING, the
.
• daughter of President H. T Keal-
ing of Western University, is making an
exceptional record in mathematics at the
Kansas State University. She has be-
come the first colored member of the
mathematics club.
CDr. Peter M. Murray, in competition
with twenty-seven applicants for licenses
to practice medicine in the District of
Columbia, won first honors before the
Board of Medical Examiners at the
quarterly examination held June 16-19,
1914. In his Junior year at Howard
University, he took the prize in Obstet-
rics and in his Senior year, in Surgery.
In competition with twenty-four appli-
cants representing Columbia University,
University of Pittsburgh, University of
West Tennessee and Howard Univer-
sity, for interne at Freedmen's Hospital,
he led all with an average of 91.1%.
CPresident W. S. Scarborough of Wil-
berforce University had the misfortune
to fall on the ice and break two ribs.
ftMrs. Julia B. Nelson, a white woman
and an ardent worker in the cause of
woman's suffrage and temperance, has
recently died leaving about $20,000 to
Professor W. H. Richards of the How-
ard Law School, who, as she says in her
will: "Has cheered my lonely life with
sympathy and affection as a son should
render his mother."
f[Mrs. Ellen Bransford, a colored ex-
slave, died recently leaving $6,000, the
savings of a life time, to the Lutheran
church of which she was a member. Her
home was Rock, Ark.
in Little
CMr. Wade H. Hammond, Chief Mu-
sician of the colored Ninth Cavalry
Band, was recently presented by the
Mayor of Douglass, Ariz., with a gold
medal set with diamonds. This medal
was purchased by popular subscription
and was to express the gratitude of the
citizens for the services of the band dur-
ing the last two years.
 ALONG THE COLOR LINE
C Springfield, 111., has published a pam-
phlet concerning its colored people. They
have a bank, 12 churches, 2 furniture
stores, 5 grocery stores, 2 milliners, 4
printers, 2 undertakers, 3 tailors. There
are also 3 lawyers, 3 physicians, 34
artisans and 3 newspapers. There is a
colored fire company, a masonic hall and
a manual training school.
C Howard University Commercial Col
lege has been making a study of Negro
banks. Twenty-one selected banks
throughout the United States show a
paid in capital of $276,800, a surplus of
$179,140 and deposits of $1,103,838.
Seventeen have less than $15,000 capital
and two over $25,000; 16 have deposits
of less than $50,000 and 3 of over $100,-
000.
CThe report of the Farm Demonstrator
for Dallas County, Tex., shows that one
of the most successful farms and the one
that made the largest clear profit was
run by a colored man, W. Johnson of
Marion Junction. He raised $866 worth
of cotton, oats, corn, peas and hay at a
cost of $305.58, making a clear profit of
$560.42.
CWilber force University is establishing
in connection with its commercial de-
partment, a museum for which it asks
photographs of Negro business houses,
products of manufacturing establish-
ments, pamphlets, etc.
CAt a meeting of Negro farmers at
Ocala, Fla., Neptune Brown, a colored
farmer said that he had bought and paid
for a 200 acre farm, that he raised hogs,
horses, cows and chickens he made 20
;
barrels of syrup, 4 barrels of sugar and
kept home-cured meat he had a grove
; CThe Frances Harper Women's Club of
of 5 acres filled with grapefruit and or-
ange trees ; his cattle brought him $200
a year.
CThe Colored One Cent Savings Bank
of Nashville, Tenn., has just finished 11
years' work. The gross clearings for the
year amounted to $855,470.
C Charlotte, N. C, sends us "Colored
Charlotte." This shows in the city 3 real
estate companies, 31 restaurants, 5 black-
smith shops, 5 drug stores, 3 hotels, 3
insurance companies, 20 tailors, 24 gro-
cery stores, 20 shoe repairing shops and
20 wood yards. There are also 3 editors,
113 teachers, 87 ministers, 12 doctors, 2
librarians, 2 lawyers and 222 industrial
219
insurance agents. Artisans show 72 bar-
bers, 55 carpenters, 40 bricklayers, 40
plasterers, 40 painters, 30 nurses and 14
printers. To these may be added 125
hackmen and draymen. In the city and
county there are 87 churches worth
$514,800; there is $40,000 invested in
business and homes owned to the value
of $974,440. The total number of acres
of farm land amounts to 9,489 acres; 8
automobiles are owned by colored peo-
ple.
SOCIAL UPLIFT
A "WHO'S Who of the Colored
*" **
Race" is announced. It is to be is-
sued under the auspices of the Illinois
Fiftieth Anniversary Commission and
will sell for the unusually high price of
$6.00 a copy to those who order in ad-
vance and $7.50 to other people.
f[The Governor of Iowa has recommend-
ed that the state join the colored people
of Illinois in celebrating the fiftieth an-
niversary of freedom, and make appro-
priation therefor.
C Messrs. Henry Holt & Co. announce
for publication in the early spring a vol-
ume of the Home University Library on
"The Negro," by W. E. B. Du Bois.
CEdna Mae Bulkley, the nine year old
daughter of J. R. Bulkley, Professor of
Mathematics at Claflin University, Or-
angeburg, S. C, has recently originated
a game of cards for teaching children
the addition and multiplication tables.
The game has been tested by teachers of
reputation and is highly recommended
by them.
Muskogee, Okla., is trying to establish a
library for colored people. The local
business league and other colored organ-
izations are co-operating.
CThe American Book Co. has brought
out an interesting little volume of "Ani-
mal Fables from the Dark Continent,"
by A. O. Stafford. It can be recommend-
ed for supplementary reading for chil-
dren.
CThe Interstate Literary Association of
Kansas and the West has held its twenty-
fourth annual session at Lawrence. First
prizes in music, declamation and poetry
went to A. L. Counter, Miss Leona Jor-
dan and Miss Myrtle Brown.
 !

220 THE CRISIS

CThe Hon. W. C. Matthews, assistant
United States District Attorney of Bos-
ton, Mass., has retired from office at the
close of his term.
CDr. J. H. Boothe, a prominent colored
physician of Philadelphia, died recently.
CI Be fore 30,000 persons at the Tourna-
ment of Roses in Pasadena, Cal., How-
ard Drew, the colored sprinter, recently
won five races and received two silver
cups.
m CThe General Educational Board has
FOREIGN
who are raising the rentals at least 20%
in the restricted Negro districts.
CThe juvenile court in Philadelphia sen-
tenced a colored boy to Seydert Institute.
The school refused to receive him but
the judge stood firm and declared that as
a public institution, the school must ad-
mit the boy.
CMrs. Laura Loving has been fined
$100 and costs in a Richmond police
court for moving into a "white" block.
capitalized the word Negro in its recent
report.

AST INDIAN soldiers are now, for CThe Phillips High School of
Wendell
"P
L/
" Chicago trying to separate white and
is
the first time, eligible for the British
military decoration known as the Vic- Colored students in social functions.
toria Cross.
C Percy Brown, a Negro of Texarkana,
Tex., shot and killed a white man who,
CIt said that Liberia has removed
is
with others, had been terrorizing the
from the supreme court Justice T. Mc-
Negroes and shooting into their homes
Cants Stewart without trial. The cause at night. Many of the Negroes left the
or the charges are not clear.
county but this Negro killed his assailant
and -to the great astonishment of the
colored people, was freed by the court.
COURTS CThe question of the Negro regiment in
r_
pHE supreme court of the State of the New York National Guard is now
- 1 New York
has upheld the case of before Governor Whitman. His attitude
L. L. Wilson, a colored woman, against is said to be favorable.

a restaurant keeper who refused to serve
her food.
CThe National Benefit Insurance Co.,
by a decision of the Court of Appeals of
Kentucky, has gained the right to do
business in that state.
THE GHETTO
TN Atlanta, the white Alkahest Lyceum
Course sold balcony tickets to colored
teachers and then gave them seats in the
gallery despite their protests.
CA
committee of Washington colored
ministers are protesting to the Anheuser-
Busch Brewing Co. on account of post-
CThe Supreme Court of Minnesota has
decided that churches do not come under
the civil rights law and may, therefore,
"Jim-Crow" their colored members, if
they wish. This relieves much anxiety.
CThe Supreme Court of the District of
Columbia has twice adjourned in honor
of distinguished colored men: once in
1878 in honor of John F. Cook, and re-
cently in honor of the late J. F. Bundy.
CRIME
C INCE our last record, 8 Negroes
^ have been lynched as follows: Pete
Morris, at Blakely, Ga., suspected of
killing a white man Dan Barber, his son
;

ers caricaturing the race. Friends are and 2 daughters, at Monticello, Ga., for
asked to write the company and support resisting arrest Ed Johnson, Vicksburg,
;

this protest.
Miss., for stealing cattle Herman Neal-
;

CThe city of Richmond has finally al- ly, at Huntsville, Ala., for accidentally
lowed a colored church to buy a former wounding a white man in the knee and
white church, but has ordered it to Doc Hartley, at Greenville, Ala., for
change its entrance so that its worship- burglary.
pers shall not enter from a "white"
street
CA mob killed Dr. A. B. Culberson, a
white physician of Evans, Ga., for as-
Clt is claimed that in Baltimore segre- saulting the married daughter of a prom-
gation is a boom to real estate sharks inent citizen.
 MEN OF THE MONTH
LEADERS OF POSTAL CLERKS
A RISING out of the attempt to segre-
•*•
gate Negro employes of the Post
Office, there has been formed at Chat-
tanooga, Term., a National Alliance of
Postal Employes. Twenty-six clerks
representing fourteen states made the
permanent organization and elected
Henry L. Mims of Houston, Tex., as
president, C. B. Shepperson of Arkansas,
vice-president R. L. Bailey of Indiana,
;
secretary A. H. Hendricks of Georgia,
;
treasurer and Irvin Butler of Tennessee
is auditor. Frank A. Carter of St. Louis
was elected editor of the official organ,
which will be known as the Postal Al-
liance Magazine.
The
Alliance issues insurance at cost
to members, indemnifying against
its
loss of time, accident and accidental
death. The organization has the ap-
proval of the Post Office Department
and is now placing before the Depart-
ment a plan by which the colored clerks
Editor, F. A. CARTER President, H. L.
may have the privilege of taking up di-
rectly with the higher officials, the griev-
ances of the members.
With reference to the segregation
movement being forwarded by the white
clerks of the South, President Mims, and
officers of the Alliance refuse to "try
their case in the papers," but it is known
that the Alliance is going to make a
strong fight before the post office offi-
cials to see that none of the rights of the
Negro clerks, guaranteed by the Con-
stitution of the United States, shall be
denied them. The organization will con-
tend that all promotions fairly earned in
competition with white clerks, be given
to the men whose records are the best,
regardless of color.
Nothing less than a square deal will
be satisfactory to the officers of the Al-
liance, and this they believe they will
obtain when the colored clerks' side o\
the segregation question is fairly pre-
sented to the higher department officials.
The motto of the organization is going:
MIMS Vice-President, C. P. SHEPPERSON
 :

222 THE CRISIS

to be, so it is learned,
worthless man forward, nor arbitrarily
relegate any worthy man backward."
The
president of the Alliance writes
"I was long a disciple of Booker
Washington in that we should proceed
along the line of least resistance I have
become firmly convinced that this course
is wrong, fundamentally wrong,
please. From
actual experience in the
government service, having been ap-
pointed to the Railway Mail Service
more than 20 years ago, I have found
that race prejudice is insidious and it
must be fought and fought hard. It has
received a serious set-back through the
efforts of your organization, and God
speed you to continue to
itscertain death."
Local branches of the Alliance are be-
ing formed. Lately one was formed at
Richmond, Va., with twelve members.
E. H. Wood was elected president and
R. H. Jackson, secretary-treasurer.
"legislate no lost his father when he was six and his
mother when he was thirteen. Until
twenty years of age he was a farm
laborer attending a country school during
intervals of work. Then he tried a small
mercantile business but failed in the
; panic of 1895. In 1912 he succeeded in
selling a small lot, 25 x 100 feet, to R. J.
if you Reynolds Tobacco Company in Winston-
Salem, and made $10,000 profit. This
was the beginning of his financial pros-
perity. Mr. Jones owns one block in
Winston-Salem which is worth $30,000
and brings in $5,000 a year in rent. His
total income from rent is said to be $12,-
000 a year and he is supposed to be
worth at least $100,000.
hammer it to Mr. Jones declared that the right sort
of man does not have to leave home to
succeed. One of his hobbies is horse
flesh and he owns "Silver Dick" who
has never lost a race and has a record of
a mile in 2.13*4-

A DENTIST
A DEALER IN REAL ESTATE r
I ''HE West Indies has given to Pitts-
'HARLES H. TONES was born in burgh a successful dentist
-*•
in the
1

Wake County, N. C, in 1875. He person of Dr. Frank F. Bishop.

MR. CHARLES H. JONFS FRANK F. BISHOP, D. D. S.

 MEN OF THE MONTH 223

Fannie Jones of Washington, D. C, and

DR. BISHOPS OFFICI
• Dr. Bishop arrived in the United
States as a youth and received his train-
ing at the New York College of Dental
and Oral Surgery and was graduated
from the Pennsylvania College of Den-
tal Surgery in 1906. He opened his
office in Pittsburgh the same year and
has built up a large and successful prac-
tice. Among other things he compounds
his own dentifrices. He is especially
notable for the cleanliness of his office,
its modern equipment, his punctuality in
keeping appointments and the reliability
of his work. Small wonder that last
summer the Doctor moved into his own
new building valued at $10,000.
has three children.
The North Carolina Mutual and Pro-
vident Association was organized in
1899. Mr. Spaulding became its first
local agent and was elected general
manager in 1901. At this time the
weekly collections of the company a-
mounted to $29.40. Today its weekly col-
lection is $9,000. The Durham Sun, a
local white paper, reports that during
1914 this company did a business of
$400,000 or nearly $50,000 more than the
previous year. The home office employs
thirty-five people and the business of the
company is in the two Carolinas and
Georgia and next year it expects to
enter Virginia. The company has de-
posited $100,000 with the State Insur-
ance Commission of North Carolina and
$20,000 with the Insurance Commission
of South Carolina. The president is
John C. Merrick, the secretary A. M.
Moore and the general manager C. C.
Spaulding.
Mr. Spaulding is also vice president of
a local colored bank, assistant superin-
tendent of a Baptist Sunday School and
a director of the colored Lincoln Hos-
pital.

AN INSURANCE MAN
/"\ NE of the best known industrial
^^ insurance companies among the
colored people is the North Carolina
Mutual and Provident Association. The
man who made this association is Charles
C. Spaulding.
He was born in Whiteville, N. C,
August 1, 1874. Mr. Spaulding's family
had considerable property chiefly in real
estate and sent him to school in Durham.
At the age of twenty-six he married Miss MR. C. C. SPAULDING
224 THE CRISIS

A TENOR
'T'HERE is no doubt that Roland W.
x Hayes has one of the finest tenor
voices that Americans of today can listen
to. His development in technique and
stage presence has been marvelous to
those who have watched him in the last
five years.
He wasborn in Curryville, Ga., June
3, and brought to Chattanooga as
1887,
a child. When he was about seventeen
Mr. W. A. Calhoun, a graduate of the
Oberlin Conservatory discovered Hayes'
voice and gave him some lessons. En-
couraged by his teacher he went to Fisk
University in the fall of 1906 and studied
under Miss Jennie Robinson, the well-
known Fisk teacher. A Boston man, Mr.
Henry H. Putnam, urged Hayes to come
to Boston. This he did and there
through Mr. Putnam's help he became
eventually a pupil of Mr. Arthur J.
Hubbard, one of the best voice instruc-
tors in Boston.
Mr. Hayes is becoming more and more
MR. SOLOMON HARPER in demand, and the best critics like
AN INVENTOR] Philip Hale, of Boston, have given him
C OLOMON HARPER was born Aug- most flattering encouragement.
° ust 8, 1893, at Poplar Grove, Ark.
He left home* at the age of twelve,
worked in a lumber camp and then as
a section hand. Afterward he became
an iron moulder and then again worked
for various railways as section hand, in
construction work, in grading, locomo-
tive work, etc. His first application for
a patent was filed in January, 1914, and
he has three more applications now be-
ing prepared. He claims to have invent-
ed a new block system for controlling
railway trains and preventing collision.
This new system is designed to prevent
rear and head-on collisions, to prevent,
trains from running into open switches,
automatically to reduce speed at danger-
ous places, to stop trains at railway
junctions, automatically to apply the
brakes and to record the time when this
is done and a number of other astonish-
ing things.
Professor John E. Sweet, of Syracuse,
N. Y., writes: "Your mechanism is in-
genious and I cannot see why it will not
act as you plan." Professor Sweet is
one of the foremost mechanical en-
gineers of the world. The new company
has offices at 112 East 125th Street, New MR. ROLAND W. HAYES
York City.
 : : :

LYNCHING lynched a Negro father, his two daugh-

southern The recent horrible lynching ters and a son and filled their bodies
chivalry in Georgia brings even the with bullets because they beat a police-
New York Times to its feet. man who attempted to make an arrest
After some shuffling to excuse the South did not treat the helpless victims as
.

the editorial goes on to say though they were 'our own people.'
"Use has bred a habit. No longer are And what would have happened to the
Negroes of the community they had if
lynchings committed solely for 'the usual
crime.' A case of disorderly conduct, a
lynched four whites for beating a colored
case of resisting an officer, now supply
policeman? But the South is constantly
warrant enough for the organized mur- reminding us that we 'do not under-
der of men and even women. The evil stand/ and we have frankly to confess
has grown. The time is near, if indeed that we do not, quite."

it is not already at hand, when the fact In another editorial it continues

that a man is 'a bad nigger' will l.e
enough to warrant his assassination by a
mob.
"Lynchings are committed mostly by
cowards, and quite largely by the riff-raff
of the neighborhood, inspired by rum.
But in most cases there are a few mob
leaders who are men of reputation in the
community, and whose activity is the ex-
cuse of the whisky-soaked riff-raff who
follow them. If an attempt is made to
punish them, their standing in the vicin-
age, their swagger and pose, and the
sympathy of their neighbors make their
escape a foregone conclusion. Not until
these men, the real criminals, are sternly
dealt with in some outstanding trial will
the reproach that hangs over the South
be removed. If some Southern Gov-
ernor, if some Southern Judge, would
"At Monticello, Georgia, a mob of 100
masked men, took from the jail four
Negroes, a father, his two married
daughters and a son, accused of clubbing
a policeman in making an arrest, hanged
them to a tree and riddled their bodies
with bullets. Could anything more clear-
ly setforth the inherent right of the
white man
to govern or the moral su-
periority of the Caucasian over the
African? So long as such shocking evi-
dences of brutal depravity are more or
less common in the southern section of
this country, the rest of the world may
well look upon the United States as a
semi-civilized land."
Sagamore,
The Courier Herald of
Mich., speaks in the same line.
"This was a grim orgy indeed What !

a wild and savage thing it would seem,

show just once real intrepidity and fear-
if a traveler brought back an account of
lessness of consequences in dealing with
what has become a dastardly and com- such a carnival of death from the heart
mon crime, lynching would become as of Africa or the depths of the great
unfashionable as any other felony in that South American jungle! And yet it
particular State. Let us hope that we happened in our own country, in one of
our sovereign states, in free, liberty-lov-
may see that day come."
ing, America, whose constitu-
civilized
The Boston Traveler in commenting !"
tion guarantees equality for all
on talk about "the industrious Negro,"
in a Florida paper, says The Press of Binghamton, N. Y.,
"Surely the one hundred members of says:
that Georgia community which last week "There is a very simple way to pre-
 : :
226 THE
vent lynching, always assuming that the
fearful and wonderful instrument known
as a State Constitution permits it. Put
the sheriff under bonds for the protec-
tion of his prisoners, and give him, of
course, money enough to hire a few cap-
able deputies.
"Southern peace officers want to stand
well with their neighbors, but there are
some of them who would certainly fight
harder to save a $50,000 bond than they
would, otherwise, to save the life of a
Negro prisoner. And three or four
armed men, with plenty of determination
and plenty of ammunition, can scatter
any mob the South ever produced."
The Congregationalist is a little de-
spondent.
"The lynching of four Negroes in a
Southern town because they were re-
luctant to be arrested shows that the pro-
gress of education and good feeling in
that part of the country is hardly as
rapid as we have dared to hope."
The New York Globe writes
"We profess to be a civilized nation,
and in horror raise our hands at tales of
cruelties practised by war-crazed soldiers
abroad. Yet in cold blood and like veri-
table fiends incarnate we torture to
death our fellow creatures. The time
has come to put an end to lynch law in
the South."
The Albany (N. Y.) Knickerbocker
Press says
"It must amaze all right-thinking cit-
izens that in this twentieth century a
mob of supposedly intelligent white men
could, in cold blood, take two women and
two men from their homes, hang them
one by one and riddle their bodies with
bullets.
"The country owes manv debts to the
sunny southland which has been the
mother of some of the greatest of Amer-
ica's citizens, but the South must soon
realize that the stigma of lynch law
which has made her a hissing ana a
shame in the eyes of civilization for
generations, must be lifted if she would
hold her head high in the confraternity
of peoples."
The Evening Telegram of Philadel-
phia continues:
"There are places under the American
flag to-day where 'nigger killing' is re-
garded no more seriously than rat chas-
: : "
CRISIS
ing, where the eyes of civilized little
white children glisten as they recount
the scenes of the lynching, and where
white men and women are now being
offered as sacrifices to this new and in-
satiable Moloch.
"The lynching impulse is one that a
people may indulge only at their own
peril."
The New York World adds this bit:
"The quadruple lynching of Negro
men and women in Georgia is not for
'the usual crime.' It is merely what has
come to be the usual manifestation of a
cowardly and murderous mob spirit, fos-
tered by a lawlessness which sought a
justification in 'the usual crime.'
Southern papers have, to some extent,
spoken out also. The Louisville Courier
Journal, for instance
"It seems almost incredible that four
persons should have been lynched as the
outcome of a mere street row in which
no one appears to have been seriously
injured. Monticello has made a record
for causeless bloodshed that will be hard
to live down."
The Atlanta Journal writes
"The resolutions adopted by. a mass
meeting of the citizens of Monticello
and Jasper county on the recent lynching
in that community find earnest response
in the mind of every Georgian, who
values his state's good name or who has
any sense of justice and humanity. Sav-
age lawlessness seldom grows so mon-
strous asit did in the mob which hanged
four Negro prisoners, two of them wom-
en, charged with running a 'blind tiger'
and with assaulting the officers who
came to arrest them. That was murder,
cold-blooded and cowardly and so
should it be dealt with, to the limit of
the state's legal resources."
And the Columbus (Ga.) Ledger is
forced to the conclusion that in a typical
modern lynching "the original crime is
the factor of least importance. The chief
cause appears to be a criminal desire for
blood on the part of an inflamed mob.
Most any offense will serve for a pre-
text."
The colored papers are naturally bit-
ter. "Great God," says the Amsterdam
(N. Y.) News, "is there in Georgia no
woman bold enough to take up the cud-
gels for her sex? Will not Georgia's

womanhood fight the new pastime
mob? Will not Georgia women
ize and draw the line somewhere in this
disgraceful business? Women have cap-
tured the ear of the public before and
can do so now. Can Southern white
women sit still and see women, of what-
ever race, manhandled and insulted,
lynched and riddled with bullets?"
The Atlanta Independent replies
cisively to the Governor of Georgia.
"It does not suffice or justify a carn-
age of crime for our Governor to argue
in extenuation of the Monticello outrage
what happened in Illinois, New York
and Massachusetts years ago. The fact
that some years ago Negroes were mur-
dered in Illinois, Pennsylvania,
ware and elsewhere does not
sense justify or extenuate or mitigate
for the outrage at Monticello. That this
great state with 2,000,000 people, im-
mense wealth and unequalled
gence, should stand idly by and see a
whole family shot to death by a lawless
mob is almost incomprehensible, and that
the Governor should answer those who
criticize his state for crimes perpetrated
against the majesty of the law and for
the barbarous killing of citizens in the
hands of the law, with the recital of
crimes in other states is both humiliating
and excruciating to an intelligent citizen-
ship.
"The Governor reasons that one sin
another; that murder in New
justifies
York justifies or mitigates murder in
Georgia. There is no need of any longer
putting up the stock argument that the
members of the mob can not be appre-
hended.
"It is openly charged by the whites of
the South that the Negro conceals his
criminal element that he receives stolen
;
goods and hides that element of his race
that violates the law. That is largely
true. There is an element of our peo-
ple that commits crimes and another ele-
ment that conceals crime. But happily,
both these elements are largely in the
minority, and it is equally true that there
is a large element of the whites of this
section that conceals crime, that hides
criminals, that covers the mobs and
shields them from the strong arm of the
law. If this were not true, why is it
that the Governor's reward will not ap-
: :
OPINION 227
of the prehend and convict the Monticello
organ- lynchers and the thousands of lynchers
who, year after year, put many black
people to death in the South upon mere
suspicion."
There the usual evidence of discom-
is
fort inthe South at criticism. The
Times Union of Jacksonville, Fla., does
not see as many ''holier than thou"
in- Northern newspapers "as we saw in days
gone by. A
number of lynchings occur-
ring in Northern states, more brutal than
any ever known in the South, convinced
most of our critics of the impropriety of
throwing stones. We speak of a num-
ber of Northern lynchings as more brut-
al than any that ever occurred in the
South because the Southern mob hunts
Dela-
for the guilty man and does not molest
in any
others while in several instances in
Northern cities mobs have chased and
lynched Negroes without any reason to
believe them guilty of any offense."
intelli-
The Macon Daily Telegraph says
"If those Northern and Eastern pub-
lications which deal in 'ifs' and 'ands'
and 'wonders' regarding the attitude of
the people of Georgia and the South to-
ward the Monticello lynching, will ob-
serve the aftermath of that regrettable
affair, and refresh their memories as to
similar notorious occurrences in their
own sections, they will find less reason
to inferentially accuse a people of the
act of a few lawbreakers."
And later the Telegraph even attempts
some half-hearted defense of the lynch-
ers.
"It was not 'the usual crime' it is true.
But was an attempt at an exceedingly
it
vicious one, and while its nature does not
justify wholesale lynchings, in fairness it
must be admitted that there were feat-
ures connected with it calculated to
rouse public passion hotly. This is not
an attempt at condonement, but rather
at palliation. The affair was terrible, on
the face of it, notwithstanding, however,
the strongest palliation, and should be
thoroughly probed."
There is a disposition to search for
causes in this prevalence of mob mur-
der. The New York Evening Post says
"Southern newspapers and people
have in the main spoken out well against
the revival of lynching. Thus 200 citi-
zens of Monticello, Georgia, one of the
 : :
228 THE
disgraced towns, in a mass meeting pre-
sided over by the mayor, expressed their
disapproval of the mob-murder of four
accused Negroes, and promised the Gov-
ernor their assistance in bringing the
guilty to book. The feeling of the local
press is typified by the statement of the
Thomasville Times-Enterprise, that this
lynching is 'a blot on the name of the
county of Jasper that will never be
erased/ and its hope that the state 'will
make a sincere effort to mete punish-
ment to those who have so transgressed
the bounds of reason and right.' Though
neither utterance is quite vigorous
enough in view of the dastardly char-
acter of the lynching, and the fact that
two of the victims were innocent colored
women, so far so good. But the time is
close at hand when the enlightened senti-
ment of the South ought to do a gjeat
deal more than resolving and depreciat-
ing. One of the differences between the
North and the South is the comparative
ease with which reform organizations
are started in the two sections. It is
much harder to get men or women in the
old slave states to assume an unpopular
position; but the time has surely come
when there ought to be a strong South-
ern organization to deal with this mat-
ter of lynching and the abuse of the
law."
If the Evening Post, however, will
look to its own columns it will find cer-
tain latent causes of the lynching spirit.
In a review, for instance, of "The Diary
of Adam Tas" the Post speaks of the
celebrated governor of the Dutch East
India Company, Willem Adriaan van
der Stel. Van der Stel was a mulatto
and the Post sagely says that from his
Negro grandmother "he appears to have
inherited doubtful morals and an incli-
nation towards Oriental splendor which
led him into extravagance and conse-
quent oppression."
Of course, "doubtful morals" always
come from colored people; never from
white people; and an "inclination to
Oriental splendor" is peculiarly African.
It is this kind of wholesale but subtle
condemnation of the Negro race that is
the beginning of the lynching spirit.
As the (N. Y.) Press says,
Utica
speaking of the proposed discrimination
against Negro immigrants
CRISIS
"The lieracy test would keep out the
illiterate ofany degree of black blood as
well as an illiterate of white blood. But
that alone would not discriminate suffi-
ciently to satisfy the Negro-hating senti-
ment of the constituencies of these
southern statesmen. One of the bitter
grievances of these constituencies against
the Negro is not on account of any degree
of illiteracy, but because of his unwilling-
ness to be content with a continued con-
dition of ignorance and political and
economic dependence. The anti-Negro
clause of the immigration bill is not
aimed at the illiterate Negro of pure or
mixed blood, but at the intelligent Negro
of whatever blood proportion. Men of
Negro or mixed Negro blood prominent
in South American countries —
and they
—
are numerous are not likely to con-
tribute zealously to the better or cordial
relations the Washington Government is
seeking to promote with those countries,
when they know there is a law forbid-
ding their entry into the United States."
But back of all this the real trouble
arisesfrom the facts- like these taken
from a white Florida daily paper and
referring to Seneca, S. C.
"Two Negroes are dead a third is be-
lieved to be dying and half a dozen white
men were wounded by bullets as a result
of a race riot at Fairplay, a small village
12 miles from here.
"An hour after the rioting started,
whites and Negroes came across the line
from Georgia to take part in the fight.
"Trouble between the races has been
brewing for days, and came to a head
when a white man said to be Woodrow
Campbell and George Gibson a young
Negro quarreled over Gibson's attentions
to a mulatto woman. Negroes sided with
Gibson and last night the friends of
Campbell formed a mob and took Tom
Spright a Negro across the Savannah
river into Georgia and gave him a terrible
beating.
"Gibson and his father, Green Gibson,
arrived on the bridge in a buggy and de-
manded that the bridge be cleared of the
mob so that they might pass.
"Walking to the buggy, one of the men
said to young Gibson 'You are the one
:
we want.'
"Gibson was pulled from the buggy.
He resisted and escaped. The escape
 : : ;
OPINION
only infuriated the mob more. He was
chased and after a time caught. Then he
was beaten to death. Spright, uncon-
scious and near death, was hurried to a
near-by town.
"It is reported that another Negro was
killed, but this has not been verified.
"Following the killings and beatings,
the Negroes formed in large numbers
and attacked the whites. The white men
injured are Magistrate W. C. McClure,
shot in the face; Paul Marrott, shot in
the back, condition serious; Woodrow
Campbell, shot in the chest and stabbed
Logan Ramoy, shot in the eye, and
several others who were not badly hurt.
"Several of the whites were shot by the
elder Gibson, who protected himself be-
hind the bridge. Then he ran and was
brought down with a. bullet in his back.
His gun was broken to pieces and used
to beat him to death."
To this we have only to add the recent
report on the conduct of white men in
Alaska. Dr. E. L. Jones reports to
President Wilson
"The white man's lack of care and re-
gard for the sanctity of the native's
homes is the crime of Alaska," he says.
"In many sections the wife and daugh-
ters are dishonored, and any resistance
from the husband, father or brother is
overcome by threats and bribes and
liquor, until even the men have all their
best impulses deadened and seem to be
unmanned."
"A VITAL MAGAZINE/'
a few The Rev. Francis J. Grimke,
bouquets of Washington, in a sermon
said recently
"We ought also to be thankful for the
existence of the National Association for
the Advancement of Colored People. I William Lloyd Garrison of Boston, Wil-
don't know whether, as a race, we realize
what the existence of such an association
with its organ, The Crisis, means, or
fully appreciate the invaluable service
which it is rendering to the race in its
battle against race prejudice and pro-
scription,which confronts us on all sides
in every shape and form. Here is an
Association composed of some of the
very best type of white men and women
in this country, and also of some of the
very best type of colored men and
229
women of the race. These men and
women have banded themselves together
for the purpose of resisting injustice and
—
oppression for the purpose of standing
up and uncompromisingly for
fearlessly
the manhoodrights of the colored man,
and also for his civil and political equal-
ity under the Constitution. The fact
that such a society as this exists is itself
a ground for thanksgiving, but when we
remember what it has done and is still
doing towards bettering conditions, the
greater is the ground for thanksgiving."'
Recently The Crisis has figured in the
Congressional Record to the extent of
nearly a page. Congressman Webb, of
North Carolina, gets his matter from a
newspaper writer named Calloway, in the
Macon Daily Telegraph, and speaks at
length of the National Association.
"Reading of this association in The
Crisis, a matter of regret that its
it is
method of procedure is not along the
lines advocated by Booker Washington.
Washington is eager for his race to pre-
serve race identity, finding a great work
to build up pride of race, and for the
education to be along industrial lines.
"But this National Association has for
its purpose advancement along political
and Very prominent in the
social lines.
platform 'The abolition of all caste
is :
distinctions based on race or color.' The
Association has its colored lawyers 'to
secure rights of the colored people,' to
'win Jim Crow' cases, segregation cases
and disfranchisement cases.
"In the call for a national conference
in 1914 for the political and social uplift
of the Negro are many prominent white
women and white men. This call was
signed, firston the list, by Jane Addams,
Samuel Bowles {Springfield Repub-
lican), Dr. John L. Elliott of New York,
liam Dean Howells, Florence Kelly, John
E. Milholland of New York, Dr. Charles
H. Parkhurst of New York, Louis F.
Post of Chicago, Oswald Garrison Vil-
lard of the New York Evening Post,
with many others.
"The conference, in pursuance of this
call, was held in New York. It was
celebrated by a feast, if I understand
The Crisis, and seated at the table are
the Negro men in large numbers, each
with a white woman by his side as guest
230 THE
(I suppose). It is social equality done
to the taste of DuBois, William Lloyd
Garrison and Oswald Villard. A
large
array of whites, men and women, mostly
women, are looking on approvingly.
Under the large photograph of this social
'Social Life m no music ever expressed more clearly or
scene is the device
— :
Colored America' 'A Dinner at the
Loendi Club, Pittsburg.'
"Any one wishing to verify this story
is referred to The Crisis, August num-
ber, 1914. The Crisis also comes out
editorially for equal suffrage."
The joke of this extraordinary ar-
raignment is that every person in the
picture referred to (which by the way
had absolutely nothing to do with the
National Association or its Baltimore
meeting) is a person of Negro descent.
Imagine the social history of a country
that is wild to discriminate about "white''
and "black" people and yet cannot tell
them apart!
On the other side of the shield we
cannot forbear from reprinting, at the
request of numerous correspondents, an
appreciation of The Crisis written by
Mr. John Barry, of San Francisco, and
published in half a dozen papers includ-
ing the San Francisco Examiner and the
Washington, D. C, Herald. The article
which occupies a column or more is en-
titled "A Vital Magazine," and says in
part:
"A magazine that I have just been
reading seems to me to be of unusual in-
terest and of peculiar significance. It
happens to be a recent number of The
Crisis, published by the National Asso-
ciation for the Advancement of Colored
People, at 70 Fifth Avenue, New York
City, and edited by Prof. W. E. Burg-
hardt DuBois. In its subtitle it calls
itself a 'Record of the Darker Races.'
"It is well printed, on white glazed
paper, and, besides an illustrated cover,
it contains many illustrations, mainly
from photographs. One cannot look it
over without realizing that it represents
a big, vital movement in this country. In
its printed words one can feel the heart-
beat of a long-suffering and a rapidly
developing people.
"TheCrisis opens with a department
called 'Alongthe Color Line,' giving
items of interest ranging from music and
art, through social economics, to crime.
CRISIS
In this country it is plain that the musical
genius of the Negro race is finding more
encouragement. Was it not the Hun-
garian composer, Dvorak, who, some
years ago, said that the typical American
music lay in our Negro melodies ? Surely
more poignantly the anguish of a race.
In the vast store of talents lost to the
world through lack of opportunity for
expression there must be included a pos-
sible negro composer. As the Negroes
secure wider educational advantages they
are certain to give to the world music
with a flavor of its own, echoing, not
merely the sadness of the people, but the
gayety as well, the spirit that enables
them to rise above tribulation and to il-
lustrate the blessings of a childlike and
happy temperament
"The
special articles are mainly devoted
to discussing colored people who are
reaching positions of public usefulness.
There is also a great deal of writing
about the relation of the colored people
to 'the world war.' The department
called 'Editorial' deals with the war
from what must, to most of us, be a new
point of view. According to the writer,
the cause of the war is "the wild quest
for imperial expansion among colored
races between Germany, England and
France primarily, and Belgium, Italy,
Russia and Austria-Hungary in lesser
degree." So far the war reduces itself
to a fight for the power of exploiting the
darker peoples. While expressing great
personal regard for the Germans as a
people, the writer deplores the German
spirit of militarism and points out its
dangers to his race. The article on 'The
Colored Y. M. C. A.,' by C. H. Tobias,
shows how wonderfully this organization
has grown since its start in 1853. It is
estimated that it now owns property
worth more than $1,000,000. The growth
has been greatly helped by the co-opera-
tion of the more prosperous colored peo-
ple throughout the country.
"There are many other features in this
ably edited number of The Crisis. They
include a dramatic poem, 'The Burden
of Black Women" Indeed, I know of
few magazines that can compare with
this magazine for human interest. It
shows that the black folk are sharing in
the social unrest and aspiration of the
world today."
 : :
NEGRO SOLDIERS
some for- In the Washington, D. C,
getfulness Evening Star, James Crcg-
gen has written about Ne-
groes in the Battle of New Orleans, and
intimated that this was the first employ-
ment of Negroes as soldiers in the Amer-
ican army. Albert N. Seip immediately
corrected Mr. Croggen, who is a noted
archeologist and antiquarian, with the
following facts
"Referring to James Croggen's state-
ment that 'judging from some of
muster rolls, where the word "Negro"
appears with their names, there were not
many such in the service, though the law
was silent as to color.' Bancroft, vol-
ume page 142, speaking of the battle
6,
of Monmouth, says : 'So many
omit to record that, of the "revolutionary
patriots" who on that day periled life for
their country, more than 700 black
Americans fought side by side with the
white.' On page 300, same volume, the
well informed historian remarks: 'The
question of recruiting the army by the
enlistment of black men forced itself on
attention. The several states employed
them as they pleased, and the slave was
enfranchised by the service. Once Con-
gress touched on the delicate subject;
and in March, 1779, it recommended
Georgia and South Carolina to raise
3,000 active, able-bodied Negro men,
under thirty-five years of age; and the
recommendation was coupled with a pro-
mise of a "full compensation to the pro-
prietors of such Negroes for the pro-
perty." The resolution appears to have
been adopted without opposition. North
and South Carolina having both been
represented in the committee that report-
ed it. But South Carolina refused by
great majorities to give effect to the
scheme. Bancroft's history is full of
reference to the part taken by Negroes
as soldiers in the revolutionary war, both
in the northern and southern campaigns,
and judging from the difficulties Wash-
ington had in keeping and recruiting his
army, and his well known sentiments in
favor of employing Negroes as soldiers,
I have no doubt that many such served
and fought for our and their freedom."
Thomas H. R. Clarke adds the fol-
lowing :
"The diary of Baron von Clauser, a
OPINION 231
German army officer sent to this country
by his government to report upon mili-
tary activities, was published in part by
the New York Herald a few years ago
and contained, among other things, the
following memorandum:
"I have visited Gen. Washington's
camp at White Plains today. He has
20,000 troops under him, one-fourth of
which are Negroes, and the best drilled
and disciplined regiment in camp is a
Rhode Island regiment, three-fourths of
the which are composed of Negroes.
"In Livermore's historical papers it can
be easily discovered that provision was
made by the legislature of several of the
colonies, subsequent to the establishment
of the camp at White Plains, for the re-
histories cruiting of several more thousand black
soldiers.
"These facts, it would seem disposes
of the statement that 'there were not
many such in the service.'
"Whether this relatively large number
of Negro soldiers under Gen. Washing-
ton all served in mixed regiments I do
not know, but in the battle of Rhode
Island the Hessian mercenaries were de-
feated with great loss of life by Negro
soldiers operating in distinct units under
Col. Greene (see George W. William's
History of the Negro Soldier).
"We cannot forget, also, that it was a
regiment of Haitian Negroes, serving
under the leadership of such men as
Christophe and Dessalines, who after-
ward figured prominently in Haitian af-
fairs, which saved the colonial brigade
from a severe defeat by a brilliant rear
guard action in the retreat from Savan-
nah. (See essay by T. G. Steward,
former officer in United States Army, in
his book entitled 'The Negro Regular )."
INTER-MARRIAGE
the The Hon. MartinB. Madden,
futility representative from Illinois,
of law. spoke recently in Congress
for the protection of Negro
womanhood. He said
"To make such marriages criminal and
void would leave the children of such
marriages without the protection which
they need and should have. Instead of
bettering the moral conditions such a law
would make them worse. It would leave
many young girls at the mercy of brutes
 : —
232 THE CRISIS

willing to take advantage of their virtue years ago, making marriage a crime,
and then desert them to a life of shame. would these regiments of illegitimates
1 cannot conceive of a condition under have been fewer?
which a white man should be allowed to "Of course they wouldn't.
cohabit with a black woman not his wife "Then how is it going to help to pass
without being compelled by law to marry such a law now?
her or provide for the care of their child- "And, considering that you cannot
ren. Why
should innocent women of the prevent these unions, isn't it wise to
Negro race not have the same protection make the best of them?
of the law which is accorded to women "Wouldn't have been better if these
it

of any other race? It will not do to say millions of illicit unions had been legal
there is no such condition as that to unions, blessed by the church, and sanc-
which I have alluded. Everyone knows tioned by society?
better, else how does it happen that we "I'm not saying. I leave it to you.
have so many people of mixed blood in "What would have been the result,
the United States. anyway ?
"The Negroes are willing to confine "Wouldn't these millions of illegiti-
their marriages to their own race, indeed mates have had the support, the educa-
they would prefer that, but they have a tion, the pride, the position, which their
right to demand that the women of their white fathers could, and should, and
race shall not be considered the legitimate would have given them?
prey of the men of other races. (Ap- "And wouldn't the whole immense,
plause.)" struggling mass have been a million times
Annesley Burrowes, writing in a De- the better for it?
troit paper, says "Stick to the facts. Think them over.
"The marriage of a white woman to a Be honest, and fair. Answer the ques-
black manis a thing that white men don't tion.
like tothink about, and some black "Wouldn't those millions of parti-
women share that feeling. colored illegitimates have been the better
"But when the governor of a great for it if the fathers who begot them had
state like Michigan digs this question up accepted the responsibility, and had done
from the depths, and when state laws are their duty by them, as God has said
proposed to deal with it fathers should do?
"Then you've got to think about it, "And wouldn't the nation, and the
and talk about it, too. For when a peo- whole world have been the better for it
ple reaches the point when it allows had this injustice not been done?
laws to be made for it without interest, "If not then fatherhood is a lie and a
and without comment, then it is nearing mockery. Don't tell us that these unions
its jumping off place, as a nation. were formed only by men of the lowest
"There are different things to think types, because it isn't true, and you
about in this connection. know it isn't true.
"Such unions have been participated
"One is the opinion of a great eth-
in by men of the highest rank not only
nologist, a student of the history of many
in the South, but for that matter, right
races.
here in this Detroit of ours, where life
" 'In a thousand years from now,' he is so well worth living.
said, only trace remaining of the
'the
"There have been men whose memory
9,000,000 Negroes now here will be a is revered today by all the millions of
slight tinge of darkness in the faces of
American people, but who did not dis-
theAmerican people.' dain these unions, and also who did not
"That may, or may not, be true, but disdain to let their children sink, and
observe this, read it twice, and pin it in suffer, for lack of the physical support
your memory. and the moral support which they owed
"The Negro race, roughly speaking, them, and have paid them, but which
has been with us only two centuries, and they never paid.
in that time it has paled a whole lot. . . "People are fond of calling the union
of whites and blacks unnatural, but is it
"Suppose a law had been passed fifty so?
 —
OPINION 233

"Look the question straight in the United States? Why make the hollow-
face, even if you don't like it. I don't ness of our democracy a matter of record
like it any better than you do, but I'm when it is not needed ?"
looking right at it now.
"If illicit unions between blacks and
whites were unnatural, there wouldn't be
the thousands, and hundreds of thou- MISCELLANEOUS
sands, and millions of them that there
are. Driving along one of Charlotte's prin-'
"If they were unnatural, the black race cipal thoroughfares last Sunday after-
would be coal black to this day. noon we came face to face with a sign
"If they were unnatural there wouldn't which stunned us. It was in big, bold
be enough of these unions to make the letters and read "Colored People Not

race even a seal brown, let alone the Allowed in This Park." The chief of
police, a Mr. Moore, had signed it so
yellow it now is.

"As a cold fact, the dislike which most the board itself declared. Just a little
white people have to these unions, is not plank like that looks innocent enough. It
the revolt of nature against them. has so many counterparts along our
streets where there is much land to be
"It is simply the revolt of taste the — —
occupied for Charlotte is a real estate
feeling that a Beau Brummell would ex-
bonanza, if lots marked for sale are a
perience if confronted at breakfast with
true sign: Well, there was the board
a perfectly wholesome dish of salt pork
and in the rear of it "Independence
and molasses. ...... Park," given to the city by some gener-
"The relation between the races will
ous citizens a few years aback, presum-
continue in the future as it has lasted ably for white people. This part is now
through the centuries, in spite of all the set apart as a playground for white child-
terrors of the law.
ren. The city having prepared it and
"Nothing can stop it, but one thing kept it "park like" out of the funds ac-
can raise the relation to a higher and cruing from the taxes of all polls and
purer plane — that is, the sanctification of —
property black as well as white. Star
marriage. of Zion, Charlotte, N. C.
"It is that one good possibility in all
this welter of wrong that the sages from
Flint, Lansing and Saranac are aiming to
wipe out. This week the city of Miami has on
her gala clothes; she is advertising her
"And so all they can do by their med-
wares to the world showing the "depths
dling is to do harm.
from which she has come" and the
"As to the great movement of the heights she has reached. Every factor
races they are helpless. They are like that contributed to its development is to
mere ants clinging to the periphery of the be in full blast. Floats of an historical
great wheel of evolution. Its top is in
character showing the ancient beginning
the clouds, and its bottom sweeps the low of "The Magic City" and floats revealing
places of the earth. But with their ant- the present day possessions will roll
like perceptions they- have decided that it
along the streets. The city has gone' to
is whirling in the wrong direction, and
expense to advertise the "goods" of
have passed a resolution that it must be Miami. Yet, notwithstanding the fact,
reversed." that the Negro was in the very first line
The Chicago Tribune has an editorial of pioneers that laid the foundations of
"A Useless Law."
entitled Miami, felling its forests, fighting its

"There a bigger thing than law which

is pestiferous mosquitoes and everything
prohibits the intermarriage of blacks and that it takes to bring the "Magic Qity"
whites. It is unconquerable sentiment. up to its present splendor, there has been
Then why give it the disagreeable ex- no effort made to have the part the
pression of legal enactment? Why make Negro played in Miami's history recog-
it a matter of record that the law recog- nized. —The New Monrovia (Fla.)
nizes a distinction between citizens of the Journal.
234 THE
There are two routes from North
America to the mouth of the canal. One
lies between Cuba and Haiti and the
other between Haiti and Porto Rico.
Whichever way is chosen by any craft,
Haiti is found lying' right across its path.
"By one of the curious shifts of the cur-
rent of commerce, such as brings an ob-
scure station on the main line of a rail-
road, the opening of the Panama canal
places the island of Haiti in the midst of
the stream of the world's traffic." There
are other islands that also occupy more
or less strategic position in relation to the
canal, such as Jamaica, Porto Rico, Mar-
tinique and Saint Thomas, but, unfor-
tunately! for the United States, the strong
hands of Great Britain and France and
Denmark are in control in these places,
except Porto Rico. It is true that there
is a coaling station at Guantanamo, in
Cuba, for the use of the American navy,
but it is an insignificant concern and in-
adequate entirely for the needs of the
trade. Haiti is in the midst of the stream.
Haiti is isolated from the rest of
America. No one will particularly feel
offended if Haiti is hurt. No other sister
nation to come to her help. None need
say "Our turn next." Haiti, therefore, is
easy to be controlled.
To the end that a nefarious scheme
might find ground on which to stand,
public opinion in the United States is
being misguided, not only in using ex-
treme virulence in emphasizing Haiti's
political misfortunes, but also in distort-
ing the facts relating to the financial
standing of this little republic. They
would make it appear that it will not pay
its debts and that its creditors fail even
in their attempts to collect interest when
due
Is there real cause for alarm on the
part of any one, acting in good faith,
even to intimate that such a debt is a
menace to the existence of a government
that has for over a century maintained
its credit in the world? Here stands a
country with a per capita debt of $13.74,
with the United States with a per capita
debt of $23.72 and England $80 and
France $150 and Germany $15.00, and
they tell you that they are alarmed by its
debt threatening its national existence.
Is it difficult to uncover the hand at
work and that which it is reaching after?
Is it possible to disguise any longer the
CRISIS
aim in view of the outcry concerning
Haiti? Is it necessary in order to as-
sure commensurate returns to the
United States for the $400,000,000 in-
vested in the Panama Canal that Haiti be
under American control? Will Haiti
yield? It is worth while to watch the
game. — Bishop John Hurst, in the A.
M. E. Quarterly Review.
Unknown to most persons the oldest
iron implement in the world is in the
University Museum, having been found
by the Eckley B. Coxe expedition to
Nubia a few years ago
It is an iron spearhead about 10
inches long, and the astonishing thing
is that in every respect it resembles
spearheads used by the African Negroes
to this day, even to the manner in which
the shaft is inserted. The spearhead was
found in a tomb at Behen, near Wadi
Haifa, in Nubia, by the Coxe University
Museum Expedition in a long row of
tombs belonging to the Twelfth Egyptian
dynasty. . . . The find made a sensa-
tombs there was
tion, as in all the other
no metal but bronze. If it were possible
to tell exactly the date of the Twelfth
dynasty it would be easy to tell how old
is this piece of iron. Archaeologists are
almost 1,500 years apart in their esti-
mates, but very! recently the Petrie esti-
mates have been confirmed which place
this dynasty at about 3400 B. C, or about
5300 years ago. The importance of the
discovery lies in the fact that iron in
Europe was not known until at least
1200 B. C, and was not in common use
for implements until centuries later.
This is one more evidence, and a very
important one, that the smelting of iron
was first practiced among the Negroes.
This is the first time an implement any-
thing like so old has been found one —
whose antiquity is unquestioned. It ap-
pears that iron beads are very ancient
and were esteemed as better than gold.
Homer mentions a piece of iron as a
great prize contested for in games. That
Negroes invented the iron art seems con-
firmed by the fact that they never had
bronze; that they have no traditions of
the art being given them and bv the fact
that they smelt it to this day differently
from all other peoples. Philadelphia —
Press.
 ; ;;

EDITORIAL
W^/y/y/ * i -
§ .* f *

a
ORGANIZATION 14,000 members ; the Roumanian Jews
• F the Negroes of the Unit- are organized with 40,000 members, and

ed States want to know the Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant

what organization is and Aid Society has 29,000 members. There
what it can accomplish are endless secret and semi-secret

along racial lines they orders: the B'nai B'rith with 34,000
should buy the American members two branches of Brith
; the

Jewish Year Book. This publication Abraham with over 250,000 members
has courteously been sent to this office the Brith Sholom with 46,000 members

and a glance at its pages is most inform- the Free Sons of Judah with 23,000

ing. members, and so on. There are agri-

cultural and colonial associations, agri-
The organization of the 3,000,000
cultural aid societies, a Jewish chatau-
Jews in America is little less than mar-
qua, a consumptives' relief society, be-
velous. To name a few of these organ-
side colleges, theological seminaries and
izations; there is the Alliance Israelite
last but not least a great national con-
Universelle, over fifty years old with
ference of Jewish charities with its 115
eight branches ; there is the American
constituent societies.
Jewish Committee, a great federation of
individuals and organizations "to pre- The Jewish Publication Society sends

vent the infraction of the civil and relig- out the American Jewish Year Book an-

ious rights of Jews in any part of the nually and a number of other carefully

world." Its fourteen districts cover the selected publications. It is supported by

United States and beside the large sums 12,000 members and has total assets of

which it handles annually it has an over $100,000. There have been 26

Emergency Trust Fund of nearly $200,- Jews in Congress and there are five in

000; the American Jewish Historical the present Congress.

Society is twenty-two years old and has This is the great net work of organ-
373 members twenty-four periodicals
; ization which makes the Jewish people
belong to the American Jewish Press As- the tremendous force for good and for
sociation the Workmen's Circle has
; uplift which they are in this country. Let
509 branches with 45,000 members the ; black men look at them with admiration
Baron De Hirsch Fund has millions for and emulate them. Only in our secret
agricultural and industrial education orders can we approach them from afar,
the Council of Jewish Women is seven while in voluntary organizations and
years old with 78 sections covering the philanthropic activity we can see from
whole country; the Federation of Amer- the record of these 3,000,000 what our
ican Zionists is seventeen years old with 10,000,000 have to learn.
236 THE CRISIS

DO WE WANT ARTICLES? ADVERTISING MR. HYDE"

WRITE you to ask if
HE New York Tribune
such an article would has recently assumed a
receive favorable con- very striking pose as a
sideration if sent."
high moral and philan-

We cannot answer. thropic organ. The

This is like asking :
phrase "Editorial M r .

"How would you like to live in the Jeckyl and advertising Mr. Hyde" has
moon?" or "Do you want to know John been rolled unctiously on its lips. Among
What-is-it ?" or "Would you like my last other things this paper is promoting a
novel ?" land scheme for the sale of lots, at
We do not know. It depends. We Beachwood, N. J. A director of this
do know this: we consider nothing too Association made a contract in the usual

good for The Crisis essays, descrip- form to buy one of these lots. Later he
:

tions, stories, poems, facts, jokes any- — received the following letter:

thing good. But whether the matter you

Dear Sir:
offer is good or not, we can only tell by
reading it. Therefore, send it by all Enclosed herewith please find check
means, not forgetting to enclose return for $5.60 which we received for the
postage. second payment on your lots at Beach-
wood, N. J.
Since we have just learned that you
are a member of the colored race, we
regret to inform you that you cannot
TO OUR YOUNG POETS hold any property at Beach-
title to
wood and beg to quote you the clause
F all forms of writing, in our deed covering this point, which
poetry is the most diffi- specifically states : —
cult. It is not mere "Said party of the second part,
rhyme, it is not merely
by the acceptance of this deed, cove-
rythym. It is not prose
nant and agrees, as a covenant run-
cut into lengths. It must ning with the land thereby conveyed
have ideas. It must above all be beau-
. . that the said property or any
.

tiful, alluring, delicate, fine. Few can

part thereof will not be sold, rented
write poetry, Poetry calls for thought,
or conveyed to any person of any
and long and careful practice.
feeling,
race other than the Caucasian race."
To know what poetry is, read poetry.
Have you ever read any great master- If you will call at this office in the

pieces of poetry? Buy near future, bringing with you your

Palgrave's
"Golden Treasury of English Poetry." It contract and all receipts to you from
is a little book and costs one dollar. Buy it
this office, we will gladly refund all

and read it through a few times. Add to moneys paid by you according to your
this Max Eastman's "Enjoyment of contract with us.

Poetry" and Braithwaites "Anthology of Yours very truly,

Magazine Verse, 1914." After reading (Signed) C. C. Gleeson,

and studying these try your hand again Promotion Department,
at writing poetry. The New York Tribune.
 EDITORIAL 237

EXAGGERATION What, then, are we to do? Nothing.

R. JOHN M. PARKER, Such exaggerated statements answer
of New an
Orleans, themselves.
owner of plantations has
been talking recently.
He says after the usual
twaddle about his "Ne-
MONTICELLO
gro Mammy" that "the southern Negro
has every opportunity that the white AM a student in

man has and it is unfair to say that we University and my home

have taken advantage of him. Most of is at Monticello, Ga.,

the blame lies at the door of the Negro

where the recent notori-

himself." ous lynching took place.

To this we may add an extraordinary I know the family well

speech made by a colored "doctor" Wil- and I thought the following facts which
kins at Little Rock, Ark., in which he I know to be true might help you to get

says "Does anyone believe that Lincoln

:
a more correct idea of the affair than

would ever have signed a paper in which you could otherwise get.
he could have foreseen such a saturnalia (1) The boy murdered was general-
of wickedness as reigned over the South ly known to be plainly "feeble-minded."

during the days of reconstruction?" And (2) According to the statement of

finally W. M- McDonald, of Texas, a my mother, it is generally believed in the

man forwhom The Crisis has hitherto town of Monticello that the other mem-
bers of the family never attempted to
had the greatest respect, rushed into
print after the Trotter affair to defend
harm the officer until he had needlessly
struck their mother!
the President and up-braid Mr. Trotter.
What are we going to do with persons (3) One of the girls, Eula, went
of this sort? They all know better. Mr. through grammar school, always leading
Parker knows that the exploitation of her classes in spelling and grammar. (I

Negro laborers by white southerners, was in grammar school with her.)

the denial of their political rights and the (4) The members of the family, ex-

caste system which has been built up is

cept the father, were not notoriously
bad.
nothing more than organized theft and
degradation for just as many of the 8,- (5) The "lynchers" chose the most
law-abiding and respectable colored sec-
000,000 southern Negroes as the system
tion of the town for the scene of the
is able to hold down. Wilkins knows or
ought to know that the current tales of murder and paraded the victims through
another colored section in route to the
the horrors of Reconstruction are three-
place of carnage.
fourths and that Reconstruction
false,
(6) The "mob" warned the only
was one of the most successful experi-
colored doctor in the town (Dr. Turner,
ments in democracy that a free country
of McGill) not to have anything to do
ever made. Mr. McDonald has more
with the dead or wounded and fright-
respect for Mr. Trotter's brave action
ened him to such an extent that he is
than he has for himself and he said what
thinking of leaving the town.
he did because he thought his banking
Very truly yours,
and real estate interests demanded it

from a Negro living in Texas.

 !

238 THE CRISIS

THE BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS THE WHITE CHRIST

HE Louisiana Historical T seems fair to judge the
Christianity of white
Society has been cele-
folk by two present day
brating the centennial of
developments the World
the Battle of New Or-
:

War and "Billy" Sun-

leans. Neighboring
day. As to the wide-
states were invited, the
spread and costly murder that is being
English Consul sent a gracious message, waged today by the children of the
the Government sent a warship and the Prince of Peace comment is quite un-
President sent a representative. There necessary. It simply spells the failure of
were white soldiers, white orators and Christianity. As to "Billy" Sunday there
white school children but the colored is room for opinions. Personally we do
people had no part. Evidently the eru- not object to him; he is quite natural
dite association quite forgot that little under the circumstances and a fit ex-
speech which General Jackson made to pression of his day. He is nearly the
his colored troops December 18, 1814: same thing as the whirling dervish, the
"To the Men of Color:
snake dancer and devotee of "Mumbo
Soldiers!
From the shores of Mobile I collected
Jumbo." Such methods of appealing to
primitive passions and emotions have
you to arms; I invited you to share in
been usual in the history of the world.
the perils and to divide the glory of your
Today they are joined, in the case of
white countrymen. I expected much Mr. Sunday, to picturesque abuse of
from you, for I was not uninformed of the English language, unusual contor-
those qualities which must render you tions and a curious moral obtuseness
so formidable to an invading foe. I which allows Mr. Sunday to appropriate
knew that you could endure hunger and a whole speech belonging to Robert In-
thirst and all the hardships of war. I gersol and use it as his own. The result
knew that you loved the land of your has been a large number of converts and
nativity, and that, like ourselves, you widespread demand for Mr. Sunday's
had to defend all that is most dear to services. All this seems necessary. Evi-
man. But you surpass my hopes. I dently Mr. Sunday's methods are the
have found in you, united to these qual- only ones that appeal to white Christians.
ities, that noble enthusiasm which im- Reason does not appeal. Suffering and

pels to great deeds. poverty does not appeal. The lynching

and burning of human beings and tortur-
"Soldiers ! The President of the
ing of women has no affect. But the
United States shall be informed of your
contortions of Mr. Sunday bring people
conduct on the present occasion and the
;
down the "saw-dust" trail.
voice of the representatives of the Amer-
ican nation shall applaud your valor, as Selah
your general now praises your ardor. But hereafter let no white man sneer
The enemy is near. His sails cover the at the medicine men ofWest Africa or
lakes. But the brave are united ; and if the howling of the Negro revival. The
he finds us contending among ourselves, Negro church is at least democratic. It
it will be for the prize of valor and fame, welcomes everybody. It draws no color
its noblest reward." line.
 ; ; ; ! ; ; ; ! ; !

THE WHITE WITCH 239

THE WHITE WITCH

By JAMES VVELDON JOHNSON

O, brothers mine, take care ! Take care For I have seen the great white witch,
The great white witch rides out to-night, And she has led me to her lair,
Trust not your prowess nor your strength ;
And have kissed her red, red lips
I

Your only safety lies in flight And cruel face so white and fair
For in her glance there is a snare, Around me she has twined her arms,
And in her smile there is a blight. And bound me with her yellow hair.

I felt those red lips burn and sear

The great white witch you have not seen ?

Then, younger brothers mine, forsooth,

My body like a living coal

Like nursery children you have looked

Obeyed the power of those eyes

For ancient hag and snaggled tooth

As the needle trembles to the pole;
But no, not so the witch appears
;
And did not care although I felt
The strength go ebbing from my soul.
In all the glowing charms of youth.

Oh ! she has seen your strong young

Her lips are like carnations red,
limbs,
Her face like new-born lilies fair,
And heard your laughter loud and gay,
Her eyes like ocean waters blue, And in your voices she has caught
She moves with subtile grace and air,
The echo of a far off day,
And all about her head there floats
When man was closer to the earth
The golden glory of her hair.
And she has marked you for her prey.

But though she always thus appears She feels the old Antsean strength
In form of youth and mood of mirth, In you, the great dynamic beat
Unnumbered centuries are hers, Of primal passions, and she sees
The infant planets saw her birth In you the last besieged retreat
The child of throbbing Life is she, Of love relentless, lusty, fierce,
Twin sister to the greedy earth. Love pain-ecstatic, cruel-sweet.

And back behind those smiling lips,
And down within those laughing eyes,
And underneath the soft caress
Of hand and voice and purring sighs
The shadow of the panther lurks,
The spirit of the vampire lies.
O, brothers mine, take care ! Take care
The great white witch rides out to-night
O, younger brothers mine, beware
Look not upon her beauty bright
For in her glance there is a snare,
And in her smile there is a blight.
240 THE CRISIS

LINCOLN
By T. J. CALLOWAY

T INCOLN, Maryland,
L/ has a plan to estab-
lish without restriction
as to race, but primarily
by, for and of colored
persons, a community
with its own municipal
government, schools,
churches, c o e r
- mm
cial and industrial life.
To th e superficial ob-
server this plan may
appear to be a surrender
t o t h e vicious segrega-
THE STATION
tion sentiment that
would forcibly separate colored people lem before us as a condition rather than
from others. To the student, however, a theory, we are agreed that Negroes
the voluntary association of families at must unite for effective progress, how-
Lincoln and under similar movements is ever much we may differ as to abstract
rather to be regarded as an application principles involved.
of the homeopathic principle similia — In the winter of 1908-9, The Lincoln
similibus curantur, which may be freely Land and Improvement Company, of
translated as saying that disease germs Washington, D. C, Incorporated, was
contain the means for their own destruc- chartered with a capital stock of $200,-
tion. If we accept the American prob- 000, to build a town. After considering
many sites the company
purchased a beautiful
tract of land on t h e
HK, »Ci\i -3 I 'HJH^H Washington, Baltimore
JM (. it 'r. * U94H and Annapolis Electric
Railroad. With due sur-
veys and grading the
future city was given
birth and christened
Lincoln, Maryland.
The engineers were
instructed to make
TUB 1 things roomy, hence
streets are 50, 60 and 70
GST*
B i
-
• 'wSiil
\JB t
feet wide.
lots are
The building
50 feet wide by
150 feet deep. These lots

\ '-JI are sold for $270 each

under a title, building
/'Li 'A and improvement bond,
on easy monthly pay-
ments of $10.00 down
- - - - and $4.00 per month.
THE PARK The bond provides
 LINCOLN 241

at Lincoln has helped us

and we have helped him
b y putting practically
all our business of de-
signing into his hands.
F. W. Holland, a na-
tive of Virginia, learned
carpentry in Howard
University's Industrial
Department. He was in-
duced to come to Lin-
»Jfl coin to take charge of
the construction of one
home. His work was so
satisfactory that he has
been engaged t o con-
struct or supervise other
homes. Having familiar-
ized himself with local
conditions and prepared
himself to eliminate un-
necessary expense h e
MR. CALLOW AY*s;HOME can build homes a t a
price far beiow others
that should the purchaser die while mak- and thus save us much money. By this
ing his payments a deed shall issue to the arrangement he has steady work and we
decedent's family or heirs without fur- are assured of honest and faithful con-
ther payment. There is a complete water struction by a neighbor and friend rather
system that furnishes spring water under than the doubtful quality of work by in-
pressure to all the homes there are
; tinerant mechanics.
about a score of homes built and build- W. A. Davis conducted a grocery store
ing, a church, a brick yard, a store and in Philadelphia for some dozen of years
hotel. But the story of Lincoln cannot in close competition with others, so that
be told so well by sat-
t i s t i c s as by personal

sketches. Here are foui :

I.T. Hatton attended

the public schools of
Washington, D. C,
from the
graduated
Armstrong High School,
and prepared himself as
an architect. He elected
to reside in Lincoln and
was among the first to
plan and cause t o b e
erected his own home
here. Through his
guidance we have been
able to maintain a high
standard o f excellence
i n Lincoln home plan-
ning. He maintains an
office in Washington
City and thus is in touch
with the larger business
world. H i s leadership DR. SEATON'S HOME
242
he could never make
much financial head-
way. He sold his
business, came to
Lincoln and has con-
structed and equipped
a building that serves
f o r a store, dining
room, hotel a n d resi-
dence. With cows
giving milk and the
other sources of in-
come he is making
good, and at the same
time is affording the
community a merchant
in full sympathy
with our best a m b i -
tions, a man ready
MR. T.
fully to co-operate in all
movements for the progress of Lincoln.
Dr. Daniel P. Seaton was a grown
man when President Lincoln issued the
Emancipation Proclamation. He grasped
the first opportunity for education, final-
ly succeeded in being awarded a medical
diploma from a Philadelphia medical
college and later took special studies in
the theological department of Howard
University. As was customary in earlier
years, he combined the practice of medi-
cine with the ministry. He found it too
much labor to do both, so gave up medi-
cine. He has made some three trips to
Palestine and has published a book,
"The Land of Promise." Dr. Seaton has
been thriftyand owns unencumbered
real estate in Washington, D. C, Balti-
more, Md., and Chester, Pa. He had
the means to purchase a home wherever
he desired, but he chose Lincoln, where
his home has been planned by an archi-
tect, built by carpenters, plasterers, tin-
ners, furnace men, etc., all of his own
race. His residence there is*a source of
inspiration to his neighbors. He is the
"Grand Old Man" at Lincoln, as might
[T is noticeable that the number of
colored people asking charity in hard
times like the present is much less than
the great poverty of the race would lead
THE CRISIS
have been seen w,hen
the whole community
joined in a surprise
testimonial on h f s re-
cent birthday.
The foregoing
sketches are types and
illustrations. It is not
the men alone who are
worthy of note. Except
for the difficulty o f
stating the case, the
facts as to Lincoln
women would be of
even greater interest.
The Alpha Progressive
Club is the special or-
gan of the women, be-
i n g a n outgrowth o f
the Lincoln Citizens
J. CALLOWAY
Association, composed
of both sexes, which is performing some
of the functions of a city council and
chamber of commerce.
As Lincoln is but 14 miles from the
heart of Washington City, 26 miles from
Baltimore and directly between these
cities its citizens have the advantage of
being accessible to employment in either
city and within easy reach of their mar-
kets over a choice of transportation by
trolley, steam railway or driveway.
If the future of Lincoln can be prophe-
sied from its brief past it is destined to
meet a situation forced upon the colored
people. If we have learned voluntarily
to unite in churches, fraternal societies,
schools and apartments we shall find
some additional conveniences if we
voluntarily unite in communities of our
own choosing. Then, and not until then,
will we, as a race, learn to feed, clothe
and house ourselves, an operation effec-
tively performed by the slowly creeping
snail but a lesson yet to be learned by
some of those higher creatures that claim
to be made "in God's own image."
one to expect. The reason for this is
the large amount of unrecorded and per-
sonal charity that takes place inside the
race lines the cheerful helping of neigh-
:
 AN OLD FOLKS' HOME 243

bors, the adoption of children and the
care of the old. In the latter work
Negro charity has become institutional
and the old folks' home is perhaps the
most characteristic Negro charity.
There are today in the United States
not less than one hundred homes sup-
ported and conducted very largely by
colored people. One of them, the Home
for Aged and Infirm Colored Persons at
Philadelphia, was endowed by a colored
man in 1864 with a capital of about
$100,000. Philanthropic whites have
added to this until the Home's property
now is worth $400,000. In other cases,
as in Springfield, Mass., a colored man,
Primus Mason, founded a home for all
races and in New Bedford, a colored
; for Charity and Philanthrophy and thus
woman, Miss Elizabeth C. Carter, has a
home for which she has collected over
$35,000.
This article refers primarily to the
Home for Aged Colored People in Cleve-
land, Ohio. It was founded by Mrs.
Eliza Bryant in 1893 and incorporated in
1896. The present property containing
eleven rooms and all improvements was
purchased in 1901, burned down soon
after, but reoccupied in 1902. The home
is valued at $11,725, with a mortgage in-
debtedness of $4,000. The home collects
through donations, entertainments and
the like about $2,200 a year. There is a
house furnishing committee which col-
lected ^373 worth of furniture last year;
there is a $15,000 campaign committee
which is hard at work. The institution
is conducted by a board of trustees con-
sisting of twenty persons of whom four
are men and the rest women. The home
isa member of the Cleveland Federation
receives advice and co-operation in the
latest philanthropic methods.This in-
stitution together with dozens of similar
institutions throughout the United States
call for the sympathy and co-operation
of all right-minded people.

THE COLORED OLD FOLKS' HOME AT CLEVELAND

244 THE
AN OPEN WINDOW
By AGNES P.
(~\ UR open window class began its
^^ existence September, 1914, at the
Thomas Durban School, Philadelphia.
This school under Mr. T. R. P. Brock,
has already aroused considerable interest
by the original lines along which it is
working out the problem of vocational
training, for children in the southern
section of the city.
The room chosen for our open win-
dow experiment was a pleasant sunny
room, southern exposure, equipped as
any other modern school room with the
exception of the desk chairs, of various
sizes. These chairs could be moved back
against the walls in one minute, and the
floor space cleared for gymnastics. We
devoted five minutes in every hour to
these exercises, for deep breathing and
chest development, and on very cold
days, simple warming exercises.
The children for the class were care-
fully selected from the pupils of the
second, third and fourth grades. The
Medical Inspectors went carefully over
the children examining and selecting only
those most in need of the treatment.
The homes of these children were then
each in turn visited by "The Home and
School Visitor." The parents were in-
terviewed, the plans and objects of the
class explained and the consent obtained
to have the child enrolled. The parents
were glad to cooperate and we find our-
selves at this time with more than
enough children scattered throughout
the regular classes, to form an additional
open window class.
When we assembled for the first time,
v.'o foLind a most discouraging looking
aggregation. We had collected the
anaemic, the rachitic, the flat and narrow
chested —
in fact almost every variety of
the devitalized and poorly nourished.
With few exceptions they were listless,
inert, and retarded in their studies.
Added to this,many were morose and
irritable and a large percentage were ex-
ceptional disciplinary cases. We
tried to
persuade ourselves that we felt very
hopeful about them and so we began.
Each child was provided with a
CRISIS
CLASS
BERRY, M. D.
woolen blanket, sweater, cap, gloves, and
a little rug for the feet on very cold
days. Throughout the term the win-
dows were kept open, except on two or
three exceptionally cold days when it be-
came necessary to bring the temperature
up to our 50 degrees Fahrenheit.
After the fifteen minute morning as-
sembly, the children were taken to the
basement, given a warm shower bath and
vigorous rubbing, under Miss Richard-
son's supervision.
Returning to the class room each child
was served with a hot breakfast, and at
10 o'clock, the children had cleared away
the dishes and were ready for the routine
class work. These breakfasts were pro-
vided by Miss Alice Boughton of The
Home and School League, who has had
great success in serving these school
lunches throughout the city. For three
cents apiece, each child was served with
breakfast, the children bringing whatever
they could and the deficit being made up
from an emergency school fund which
we try to keep on hand.
After breakfast the children were
taught in groups, according to their
standing. They were given the usual
morning and afternoon recess periods
and the physical exercises for 5 minutes,
every hour.
Regularly during the term' the School
Nurse and the Medical Inspector have
weighed and measured each child and
kept careful record of every gain.
These children whose age averaged 11
years were found in the beginning to be
below the average 70 pounds of the
normal 11 year old child. They gave an
average weight of 68 2-3 pounds. After
6 months in the open window class they
showed a gain of 6 1-3 pounds each,
making an average of 75 pounds.
These results have been watched with
much interest by our many visitors and
even by the newspapers who have taken
such kindly interest in our experiment.
We who have been with these children
day after day have been more than grati-
fied by the improvement which the gain
in pounds and inches alone does not en-
 ! :! ! — : —

P^AN 245

tirely show. There is
in the increased vitality, the alertness of
these one time dull and listless
The discipline which was
Problem" now requires but passing at-
tention at rare intervals. These children
now are alert and interested in their
work; they are no longer quarrelsome
and irritable as at first, and life to them
seems worth living. Then too, they
carry into their homes, their little lessons
on the importance of ventilation and sun-
shine. They are no longer satisfied as
formerly to be shut up in a room with
every breath of fresh air shut out.
Throughout the entire country people
are beginning to take notice of the effects
of the widely spreading fresh air cru-
such a difference sade. In New YorkCity open window
classes were opened during the past
little ones. term without the equipment as we have
at first "A been using it here. The windows were
kept open and the regular class work
followed —the children being permitted
to keep on their out door clothing.
Only a few months ago, the National
Open Air Association was organized to
advocate and spread the doctrine of fresh
air teaching. The officers and members
came from many states in the Union
North, South, East and West, each send-
ing its quota. Thus our class is only one
of the small beginnings, which we hope
may have more far reaching effects in
the future.

P^AN
By OTTO L. BOHANAN

Keep me in chains I defy you

! ! I shall not curse you. But singing-
That a pow'r I deny you
is My singing! fatefully ringing
I will sing I will rise
! ! Till startledand dumb
Up To the lurid skies-
! You falter, the sum
With the smoke of my soul, Of your crime shall reveal
With my last breath, This do I prophesy . . .

Tar-feathered, I shall cry O Heart wrung dry!

Ethiopia shall not die Awake
And hand in hand with Death, Startle theworld with thy cry
Pass on! Ethiopia shall not die !
 246 THE
N. A. A. C.
THE FIGHT IN CONGRESS
VX7TLL
"
the Sixty-third Congress ad-
. * journ without passing some
measure of discrimination against the
Negro? This is the question that is
agitating the National Association for
the Advancement of Colored People.
The present Congress will long be re-
membered for its Negro baiting and may
before adjournment, or even in extra
session write its name in history. During
these last crowded days, while attention
is engrossed by the Merchant Marine,
the Army and Navy bills and other im-
portant measures, a few tireless Bour-
bons are quietly redoubling their efforts
to push through anti-Negro legislation.
Undoubtedly it would be embarrassing
for them to return to their southern con-
stituents without being able to report the
enactment of a single hostile law against
the Negro.
Thereal menace lies in the possibility
of trading votes. Northern members
with no prejudices or convictions on the
race question may be willing to vote for
anti-Negro legislation in return for votes
on other measures in which they are in-
terested. The anti-intermarriage bill,
with its appeal to general ignorance and
prejudice, may go through on this ac-
count. Already it has been jammed
through the House with the speed and
secrecy which is a characteristic pro-
cedure of the South in all such proposed
legislation in Congress. These bills are
usually brought up suddenly without
warning when there are few members
present and rushed through committees
with no time for hearings by legislators.
These same men, however, paid at the
rate of twenty dollars a day can on oc-
casion remain in session all night to fili-
buster in speeches eleven hours or more
long. It is such stuff that fills the Con-
gressional Record, the most expensive
free-speech organ in the world.
The National Association for the Ad-
vancement of Colored People has, how-
ever, been standing on guard. It em-
ploys in each branch at Congress a man
whose duty it is to keep it informed by
CRISIS
P. NOTES
mail and telegram of all proceedings
affecting colored people. These men are
also in close touch with the District of
Columbia branch which acts as a Con-
gressional committee in Washington, co-
operating with the headquarters in New
York and leading the fight locally.
Branches, members, officers and friends
all over the country co-operate by pour-
ing telegrams, letters and petitions into
Congress and even appearing before
committees at hearings.
This is the machinery that defeated
the amendment to the Immigration Bill
as told in the February Crisis. Last year
a series of discriminating measures, anti-
intermarriage bills, "Jim-Crow"' car bills,
etc., were quietly asphyxiated. The
dangerous segregation bill for colored
civil servants was killed in the committee
through the work of Mr. Archibald
Grimke, President of the District of
Columbia Branch. The work on the
Smith-Lever Bill has already been de-
scribed in The Crisis for March and
April, 1914.
Never has Congress, however, so en-
grossed the attention of our Association
as during the last two months. Hardlv a
day passes without bringing a telegram
announcing some new legislation affect-
ing colored people. In addition to the anti-
intermarriage bill which has passed the
House and is before the Senate District
of Columbia Committee, there are six
"Jim-Crow" car bills in the House and
one of these, the Clark Bill, has been
favorably reported by the House District
Committee and may come up for action
any day. The Association, and especi-
ally the District of Columbia Branch, is
working hard against these measures,
knowing well that "Jim-Crow" car legis-
lation in Washington means the spread
of such laws in border cities and perhaps
even further North. Already St. Louis
is trying to pass a segregation ordinance
which the local branch of our Associa-
tion is helping to fight. A Committee of
Thirty composed of fifteen white and fif-
teen colored Men has been organized
there for this work.
 :

N. A. A. C. P. 247

Last year in Michigan the Detroit Anti-Intermarriage Bill

Branch defeated an anti-intermarriage
bill. This year a general eugenics law is House Vote:
proposed in that state, prohibiting the
marriage of idiots, imbeciles, insane, etc.,
and in the very first clause the inter- Yeas, 238; Nays, 60; Not voting, 126.
marriage of whites and persons of Negro
descent is forbidden. This vicious mix- YEAS— 238
ing of measures makes it difficult to fight
the proposition and disentangle the race Abercrombie Francis Oldfield
Adair Frear O'Shaunessy
discrimination from the other features. Adamson French Padgett
Aiken Gallagher Page. N. C.
The eugenic features have already won Alexander Gallivau Paige, Mass.
for the bill the support of most of the Ashbrook Gard Palmer
Aswell Gai ncr Park
women's clubs in Michigan and of many Avis Garrett, Tenn. Patton, Pa.
Bailey Garrett, Tex. Peterson
of the churches and welfare societies. Baker Godwin, N. C. Phelan
It is the task of our local branch to en- Barkley Goodwin, Ark. Plumley
Barnhart Gordon Porter
lighten these well-meaning but mistaken Bartlett Gorman Pon
Barton Goulden Prouty
people. Beakes Graham, 111. Quin
Beall, Tex. Gray Ragsdale
Bell, Cal. Greene, Vt. Rainey
Blackmon Gregg Raker
Borchers Gudger Ravburn
THE NEGRO-BAITERS Borland Handin Reed
Bowdle Hardy Reilly, Wis.
A STUDY
of the vote on these dis- Britten
Brocksen
Harris
Harrison
Riordan
Rogers
•*•
criminating measures is suggested Brown, N. Y. Hay Rouse
Brumbaugh Havden Rubey
to Crisis readers. They were as fol- Bryan Haves Russell
lows Is your representative here ?
:
Buchanan, 111. Heflin Seldomridge
Buchanan, Tex. Helm Sells
Burgess Helvering Sherley
African Exclusion Amendment Burke, Wis. Henry Sims
Burnett Hensley Sinnott
Byrnes, S. C. Hill Sisson
Senate Vote. Byrns, Tenn. Hobson Slavden
Candler, Miss. Holland Slemp
Yeas, 29 Nays, 25 ; Not voting, 42. . Cantrill Houston Sloan
Caraway Howard Small
YEAS— 29 Carlin Howell Smith, Idaho
Ashurst Lee. Md. Smith, S. C. Carr Hughes, Ga. Smith, N. Y.
Borah Martine, N. Sterling Carter Hughes, W. Va. Smith, Saml. W.
J.
Bryan Myers Sutherland Church Hull Smith, Tex.
Chamberlain Overman Swanson Clnrk, Fla. Humphreys, Miss Sparkman
Clarke, Ark. Poindexter Thornton Cline Jacoway Stedman
Fletcher Reed Vardaman Condy Johnson, Ky. Stephens, C-l.
Hardwick Sheppard White Collier Johnson, S. C. Stephens, Miss.
.Tames Simmons Williams Connelly, Kans. Keating Stephens, Nebr.
Tohnson Smith, Ariz. Works Connolly, Iowa Kennedy, Conn. Stephens, Tex.
Kern Smith, Ga. Cox Key, Ohio Slevens, N. 11.
Cramton Kiess, Pa. Stone
Crisp Kinkaid, Nebr. Stout
House Vote: Curry Kirkpatrick Stringer
I
'
ivenport Kitchin Sumners
Decker Konop Sutherland
Yeas, 75 Nays, 252; Not voting, 99. Deitrick Korbly Taggart
YEAS— 75 Dent Langley Tavenner
Dershert Lee, Ga. Taylor, Ala.
Abercrombie Floyd, Ark. Ragsdale Dickinson Lee. Pa. Taylor, Ark.
A dam son Garner Ravburn Dies Lever Taylor, Colo.
Aiken Garrett, Tex. Rouse Dillon Lewis, Md. Thomas
Aswell Goodwin, Ark. Sherley Dixon Lieb Thompson, Ok' .

Barkley Gregg Sisson Donoh a Llovd Treadway

Bartlett Hardy Small Donovai Lobeck Tribble
Beall, Tex. Harrison Smith, Tex. Doolino Lonergan Underbill
Blackmon Haugen Stephens, Miss. DooliUl McAndrews Underwood
Borland Heflin Sumners Doremus McGillicuddy Vaughan
Brockson Helm Talbott, Md. Dough'on McKellar Vinson
Burgess Hughes, Ga. Talcott, N. V. Driscoll McKenzie Vollmer
Bvrnes, S. C. Humphreys, M iss. Taylor, Ala. Dupre McLaughlin Walker
Candler, Miss. Jacoway Taylor, Ark-. Eagle Maguire, Nebr. Watkins
Caraway Johnson, S. C. Thomas Edwards Malum Watson
Church Kitchin Thompson, Ok! Estopinal Mapes Weaver
Collier Lazaro Tribble Ferguson Martin Webb
Cris") Lee. Ga. Underwood Ferris Mitchell Whaley
Dent Lever Vaughan Fields Montague White
Dupre Lewis. Md. Vinson Finley .Moon Williams
Eagle Linthicum Watkins FitzHenry Morgan. Okla, Wingo
Kdwards Moon Watson Flood, Va, Moss, Ind. Winslow
Estopinal Morgan, La, Weaver Floyd, Ark. Mulkey Woods
Ferris Oldfield Whaley Fordney Murray Young, Tex.
Finley Park Wingo Foster Neeley, Kans.
Flood, Va. Quin Young, Tex. Fowler Nolan, J. I.
248 THE CRISIS

ERNEST EVERETT JUST

Born in Charleston, S. C, 1883; A. B., Magna cum laude, Dartmouth, 1907;
Phi Beta Kappa Professor
of Physiology, Howard University Medical School, Washington, D. C,

SPINGARN MEDALIST, 1914

For distinguished.Vesearchlin Physiology and Biology.
1

THE CHAIRMAN'S SECOND ANNUAL
TOUR
'TUiE chairman Board of Di-
of the
A rectors, Dr. J. Spingarn, has
E.
just returned from his second annual
tour, and brings reports of a profound
awakening interest in our cause through-
out the Middle West. He spoke in four-
teen Western cities, to audiences of vari-
ous kinds, and received the most enthusi-
astic response wherever he spoke.
The tour began at Pittsburgh on Janu-
ary 10th. Dr. Spingarn spent two days
in that city, speaking at the First Uni-
tarian Church, the Bethel A. M. E.
Church, the St. James A. M. E. Church,
at a luncheon of the Hungry Club, and
to the students in sociology at the Uni-
versity of Pittsburgh. At Columbus,
he addressed an enormous audience in
the Auditorium of the Chamber of
merce, from which hundreds were turned
away for lack of room, and he spoke to
the students of Ohio State University
the following morning. At Springfield,
Ohio, he spoke at the North Street A.
M. E. Church, and to the students of
Wittenberg College. In Dayton, Ohio,
he spoke to a very large gathering at the
Y. M. C. A. Hall, being introduced by
D. F. Farland, Director of Public Wel-
fare of the City and the next day he was
;
a guest at a luncheon given by the
Greater Dayton Association, at which
the Mayor and various other representa-
tive men and women were present. In
Cincinnati, he spoke at the Douglass
School Auditorium; and at Springfield,
111., at the First M. E. Church, the Union
Baptist Church, and St. Paul's A. M. E.
Church.
He was not scheduled to speak at
Kansas City, but on arriving to spend
the night there, he found a large crowd
waiting for him at the colored Y. M. C.
A., at 11 P. M. His address in St.
Joseph, Mo., at the Francis Street Bap-
tist Church, was heard by the Mayor of
the city and a number of other local men
of eminence. At Des Moines, Iowa,
where he spoke in the Corinthian Bap-
tist Church, he was introduced by
Governor Clarke of Iowa, and among
those on the platform were Attorney
General Cossum, Harvey Ingham, editor
of the Register and Leader, and other
notables. He was introduced by ex-
;
N. A. A. C. P. 249
Congressman John L. Kennedy in
Omaha, Neb., where he spoke in the
Council Chamber of the City Hall.
At St. Paul, Minn.', he met the local
branch at an informal conference, de-
livered an address to a large audience at
the First Methodist Church, where he
was introduced by Lieutenant Governor
Burnquist, and met some thirty repre-
sentative white women at a parlor con-
ference in the home of Mrs. C. P. Noyejs.
At Minneapolis, he was a guest at a
luncheon given by the Saturday Lunch
Club, and he also spoke at a meeting in
the Unitarian Church at the luncheon
;
there was an informal discussion follow-
ing his address, in which a brother of
Secretary Daniels, from North Carolina,
O., took part. Here, as well as elsewhere,
his audience voted to send protests to
Com- Washington against segregation and all
other forms- of persecution of colored
people. At Toledo, Ohio, he spoke at
the Warren A. M. E. Church where he
was introduced by Judge Chittenden of
the Court of Appeals, as well as at a
luncheon of the Toledo Commerce Club
and the tour closed at Buffalo, N. Y.,
where he spoke in Perkins Memorial
Hall of the Y. M. C. A.
This tour, like the one a year ago, re-
sulted in the widest publicity in the white
as well as the colored press. The Cin-
cinnati Times-Star, Toledo Times, Des
Moines Tribune, and other dailies, fea-
tured his visit on the first page, and the
newspapers of every city devoted col-
umns of news to his speeches. All sorts
and conditions of people, white and
black, heard his pleas for justice, includ-
ing business and professional men, col-
lege students and professors, and even
society women. It is too early to esti-
mate the number of members who have
joined our Association as a result of his
tour, but the number will probably be
between five hundred and a thousand.
The New York News, after pointing out
that Mayor Spiegel had ordered the
word "white" stricken from the rules of
qualification for membership in the Cin-
cinnati Fire Department, says "This
:
elimination of an odious color line com-
ing so closely on the heels of Prof. Spin-
gam's address here, has greatly encour-
aged the race and encourages greater in-
terest in the N. A. A. C. P. 'Agitate,
 :
250 THE
agitate for rights and stop compromising
with segregation in return for contribu-
tions,' is the slogan here."
Dr. Spingarn was preceded on this
tour by Mrs. Butler R. Wilson, and Miss
Katherine M. Johnson, and credit should
THE BURDEN
FOX FIRE
f\ N January 5th, the first recitation
^"' day of the New Year, there ap-
peared at the Howard University Chapel
exercises a Mr. Osborne, of Iowa, presi-
dent of the American Colortype Co., who
was attending the conference of the
Popular Government League then in ses-
sion in the city. Mr. Osborne was called
upon by the president for words of
greeting, and during his speech advised
the students of Howard University as
follows
"Do not worry over your circum-
scribed opportunities. There are 10,000,-
000 of your people in this country and
there is as much to be done among your-
selves —
colored doctors attending colored
people, colored lawyers getting colored
people out of trouble and keeping them
out, colored ministers preaching to them,
etc. —
as any colored brain can master.
. . Do not mind the ugly, mean, un-
. meant
christian prejudice that does you wrong
in this country. You cannot destroy it in a
day, nor can you dispel it by resolutions.
And my advice to you is not to join any
of the organizations that attempt to de-
mand your rights. You'll never get them
that way! Do you know how prejudice
will disappear? Only by education; by
the education of black people and the
education of white people."
At the utterance of these words a si-
lence so deep that it was painful, fell
over the chapel, and all else that the
speaker said was lost. The tenseness of
the situation can well be imagined when
the work of the College Chapter of the
N. A. A. C. P. here is remembered and;
CRISIS
be given to them for their work in ar-
ranging the meetings. Our chariman
hopes to take a similar trip next Janu-
ary, if his other engagements permit, and
ultimately he expects to cover and organ-
ize the whole country in the interest of
our cause.
only the courtesies of the occasion and
the belief that the speaker was wholly
misinformed in what he was saying per-
mitted him to continue uninterrupted
and unenlightened. He was taken to
task, however, after the chapel exercises
by the faculty member with whom he
was visiting; and he sent word to the
student body on Friday, through that
officer, that his remarks had been en-
tirely misunderstood. He is reported as
being in complete sympathy with the ob-
taining by the Negro of his full man-
hood rights, and as favoring organiza-
tion for the securing of them.
"What he meant," said the interlocu-
prejudice is so mean and un-
tor, "is that
reasoning that it cannot be reached or
overcome by merely fighting it, but that
education must eradicate it."
This attempt did not, however, suffi-
ciently explain what Mr. Osborne really
to say. Immediately following the
statement made in his defense, secretary
George William Cook arose and made a
speech showing the necessity of organ-
ization for the advancement of any
cause, and pointing in signal fashion to
the work of the National Association for
the Advancement of Colored People.
Secretary Cook spoke more feelingly
than he ever has upon this subject, and
continued applause from the entire stu-
dent body drew him from his seat in
acknowledgment twice after he had con-
cluded.
The incident has done much to im-
press upon the students of Howard Uni-
versity the importance of enlisting in the
service of the N. A. A. C. P.

FROM JACKSONVILLE,
r
I ''HE case of Sam
Tuckett was particu-
*- and cowardly. It seems
larly brutal
that the white collector. Smith, who, by
the way, catered to the colored trade,
went to Tuckett's house to collect and
was cursing his wife when Tuckett came
out and told him not to curse his wife,
but to curse him, whereupon, Smith
pulled a pistol from under his seat and
shothim fatally. It is said
wounded man begged his wife
of water but Smith stood over him with
the pistol and dared her to come near
him. A
white man across the street kept
yelling to him, "Shoot the Nigger again."
At the coroner's inquest, where Smith
was exonerated, he claimed that Tuckett
was advancing towards him with a
knife; later on he changed it to a hat-
chet. As Tuckett, as well as the other
murdered Negroes were all shot in the
back, he could not have been advancing
towards him. Through the efforts of
the Negroes who called the mass meet-
ing, Smith has been indicted by the
Grand Jury for murder in the first de-
gree and both he and another white man
are being held without bond.
To the credit of the state attorney, it
must be said that he is willing to do his
best to bring to justice all such cowardly
murderers when the proper steps are
taken to bring the matter before him. It
seems also that the members of the
Grand Jury were surprised to learn that
so many Negroes had been killed.
The officers of the law here will shoot
down a Negro sooner than they will a
stray dog on the street and
random in the colored districts, not car-
ing whom they hit. Chas. Anderson,
treasurer of the B. M. C, leading whole-
sale fish-dealer in Florida, president of
the colored bank here narrowly escaped
a bullet through his head early one even-
ing, on one of the most populous streets
here, by stepping behind a post, when
one of the officers was firing at a colored
woman on the street.
Jacksonville contains some of the
most progressive and wealthy Negroes
in the country, and yet, despite the large
amount of taxes which they pay, the
City School for Colored here rs a dis-
grace to any community. It is very un-
—
THE BURDEN 251
FLA. sanitary and unsafe, being a dilapidated
structure. The teachers are humiliated
in every conceivable way and usually get
their appointments just the day before
school opens when a notice is put in the
daily paper here. Of course, the white
teachers are appointed just after their
schools close.
Portsmouth, N. H., December 19, 1914.
that the My dear Dr. Du Bois:
for a cup
Miss Patillo has been known to me
for many years I knew her mother be-
:
fore her. I have never heard anything
but praise of her life in the community.
Nor was there any charge of unfitness.
I am sorry to tell you that there was no
possible grounds for her rejection ex-
cept that she happens to be a few shades
darker than the rest and there was a
fear that there might be others who
might consider themselves "girls over
fourteen" and desire to enter the club.
It may be of interest to you to know
that I spent an entire evening with the
Board of Directors and the Advisory
Committee of the Club upon this ques-
tion. I have been connected with the
club ever since its inception and I have
felt someresponsibility for its success.
It isof interest, also, to know that every
member of the Advisory Committee (all
of them women of mature years)
favored the continuance of Miss Patillo
in the club.
The matter of final action remains
with the girls of the club and I am very
sure that the officers decided the matter.
The result is that I am convinced that I
will fire at am of no use as an Advisory member
and I have felt that, in order to be con-
sistent, I must resign, which I have done.
I should be false to the memory of my
sainted mother, whose eyes always saw
beneath the pigment in the skin and re-
spected, and taught her children to re-
spect a man or woman according to
character, if I did not stand strongly
upon the matter.
With the hope that our children's
children may at least live to see a time
when race discrimination will be a thing
of the past and regretting that the time
is not yet, I am
Very truly yours,
Mary I. Wood.
252 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

The Value of Life Insurance

To Colored People
Is a text from which a little sermon could well be preached in every colored
church in America.
There is scarcely a family whose members do not have some sort of Policy in
some sort of Company or Society or Order. These are usually for just enough
to give a decent burial. The funeral expenses take practically all the proceeds and
there is nothing left to meet the obligations which face the widow after she re-
turns from the funeral. The problem of rent, food, clothes, books and school
expenses for the children are not theories. When the grocer's boy brings the
package he wants the money; and when the landlord calls he wants the rent.
The man who carried $50 to $200 in a weekly benefit society or
a secret society on the assessment plan earned enough and could
easily have paid the premium on $1,000 to $5,000 in an old line
legal reserve life insurance company whose rates are fixed and
subject to no assessment, if he only had known.

He could have made impossible the long hours of bending over a needle or the
cook stove or the wash tub that came to his widow, if he had carried the necessary
amount of life insurance. He could have assured his beautiful daughter the edu-
cation she desired, the amusements she wanted, the clothes she craved and which —
she got, somehow. He could have kept his boy in school and he would have
grown up a credit to the memory of his father, a respected citizen of his com-
munity, and a successor to his father's business, instead of the wanderer or menial
or ne'er-do-well. He could have changed the destiny of every member of his
family He had it in his power to make them bless his memory or bewail his
!

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Mention Tm Caifll
 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 2X

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By RICHARD BROWN L.

2. A Story
often saddened by reading it. Such cruel injustice
which your people have to face! There is a bright
side, however, and for that we will rejoice. I believe By CHARLES W. CHESNUTT
thoroughly in the Negro race. You have my prayers
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While I am writing I want to add a few words of
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gather.
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getting subscriptions a plenty.
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And in addition
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254 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

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THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 255

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 —
256 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

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 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 257

The Haitian Revolution 1791-1804

Or Side Lights on the French Revolution
by
T. G. STEWARD
Professor of History in Wilberforce University and Chaplain U. S. A., Retired.

This a magnificent work, written in admirable style, giving in detail the

is and HEROIC
MASTERFUL achievements of the slaves and free colored men of Haiti who rose up against
their inhuman oppressors and made themselves free. Afterwards, when their defeated masters
undertook to sell the country to the English, these Free men in black met and defeated the ably
commanded English army of invasion.
When Napoleon sent his fine army under command of his brother-in-law to subdue and
reduce these blacks, the invincible Generals, Toussaint L'Overture, Maurepas, Dessalines and
others met these veterans before whom Europe had trembled and drove them from their shores
and to the amazement of the civilized world, established a free government of Negroes which
has endured for more than a hundred years.
The book is a most entertaining and captivating historical narrative, handsomely printed
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Price, $1.25 net. Postage extra.

For sale at

Young's Book Exchange, 135 West 135th Street, New York

T. G. Steward, Wilberforce, Ohio
The CRISIS, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York

Atlanta University The Story of Wendell Phillips

by
CHARLES EDWARD RUSSELL
Studies of the "The story of the (jrcat abolitionist by a modern

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The real emancipators of the slaves were Garrison,
17 Monographs Sold Separately Phillips. John Brown and the few that, standing with
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ATLANTA UNIVERSITY ATLANTA, GA.
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The Curse of Race Prejudice JUST OFF THE PRESS
By James F. Morton, Jr., A. M. THE ASILVER
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CHORD
Poems by of
An aggressive exposure by an Anglo-Saxon cham- ADOLPHUS JOHNSON
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clear understanding and up-to-date propaganda. Be- For sale by
longs in the library of every friend of social justice. ADOLPHUS JOHNSON, 718 S. 19th St., Philadelphia
Price 25 cents. Send orders to orTHE CRISIS, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York City
JAMES F. MORTON, JR. Have You Seen That Handsome New Book
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-:- N. Y. A
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Agents for THE CRISIS. Dignified work. For sale
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Mention The Crisis

258 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER
LEGAL DIRECTORY REGALIA
A Race Enterprise
Manufacturing Badges,
HARRY E. DAVIS Banners and Supplies
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Attention, Masons!
A New Book of Interest to You
Prince Hall and His Followers
A carefully argued defense of the legitimacy of Negro Masonry in the
United States, with notes and documents, by
GEORGE W. CRAWFORD, 32°
A graduate of Tuskegee, Talladega and Yale, formerly clerk of the
Probate Court of New Haven and now a practicing lawyer there. Mr.
Crawford is one of the best informed Masons in the country.
COMMENTS
From James F. Rikards, 33°, Most Puissant Sovereign Grand Commander,
A. & A. Scottish Rite :

" 'Prince Hall and His Followers,' written by a scholarly Afro-American, pre-
sents to the Masonic world a treatise on the legitimacy of Negro Masonry that
should be hands of every Mason seeking for Truth. The information
in the
contained in the chapter devoted to Prince Hall is alone worth to the young
Mason the price of the book. Brother Crawford's easy and pleasing style
creates in the reader a desire to complete the volume before putting the book
out of his hands."

From Henry A. Spencer, 33°, Grand Master and Grand Commander of

Knights Templar of New York :

"The book fills a long-felt want among intelligent Masons of our Race.
To know that we are right, and to substantiate that fact by intelligent research
and logical statements, is worth more to us than what the other fellow may
say. This is what Brother Crawford's book does and it should be in the hands
;

of every Mason of our Race."

From Jose H. Sherwood, 33°, Past Grand Master of Minnesota and

Deputy Imperial Potentate ofjShriners :

"A very strong brief, setting forth plainly the legitimacy of Prince Hall
Masonry, and, as well, a stern call to all Negroes to assume full pride in the
happy possession of a Rite which can show such clear proofs of its contentions."

From William H. Grimshaw, 33°, Past Grand Master of the District of

Columbia and author of "A History of Colored Freemasonry" :

"I have read with great pleasure 'Prince Hall and His Followers.' The book
iswell written, containing clear and convincing diction. The impartial accuracy
with which the facts are marshalled makes the book a very valuable asset
to Masons."

Price One Dollar. Postage Extra.

ORDER NOW AGENTS WANTED

THE CRISIS
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These prices do not include postage. Postage extra.

House Behind the Cedars. (Charles W. Chesnutt) $1.50

Hazel. (Mary White Ovington) 1.00

The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. (Anonymous) 1.20

Lyrics of Lowly Life. (Paul Laurence Dunbar) 1.25

The Marrow of Tradition. (Charles W. Chesnutt) 1.50

The Sport of the Gods. (Paul Laurence Dunbar) 1.50

Norris Wright Cuney. (Maud Cuney Hare) 1.50

A Narrative of the Negro. (Leila Amos Pendleton; .'._., 1.50

Souls of Black Folk. (W. E. B. Du Boisj 1.25

Race Adjustment. (Kelly Miller) 2.00

History of the Negro. (B. G. Brawley) 1.25

Half a Man. (Mary White Ovington) 1.00

Mind of Primitive Man. (Franz Boas) 1.50

Aftermath of Slavery. (William Sinclair j 1.50

John Brown. (W. E. B. Du Bois) 1.25

Negro in American History. (J. W. Cromwell) 1.25

Prince Hall and His Followers. (George W. Crawford) 1.00

Liberia. (Frederick Starr) 1 .00

Facts of Reconstruction. (John R. Lynch) 1.50

Story of the Negro. 2 Volumes. (Booker T. Washington) 3.00

Masterpieces of Negro Eloquence.(Alice Moore Dunbar, Editor) 2.50
Poems of Paul Laurence Dunbar 2.00
The African Abroad. 2 Volumes. (William H. Ferris) 5.00

Afro-American Folksongs. (H. E. Krehbiel) 2.00

Out of the House of Bondage. (Kelly Miller) '
1.50

The Colored Inventor. (Henry E. Baker) 15

A Child's Story of Dunbar. (Julia L. Henderson) 25

Address
THE CRISIS
70 Fifth Avenue :: :: New York City

Mention The Crisis

EASTEft - /WAIBER. -
1Q1R
. . . ^^i^K ... J y
FIFTH-ANNUAL -BEPORT-MACJ*

'»*-»*.m^
Attention, Masons!
A New Book of Interest to You
Prince Hall and His Followers
A carefully argued defense of the legitimacy of Negro Masonry in the
United States, with notes and documents, by
GEORGE W. CRAWFORD, 32°
A graduate of Tuskegee, Talladega and Yale, formerly clerk of the
Probate Court of New Haven and now a practicing lawyer there. Mr.
Crawford is one of the best informed Masons in the country.
COMMENTS
From James F. Rikards, 33°, Most Puissant Sovereign Grand Commander,
A. & A. Scottish Rite :

" 'Prince Hall and His Followers,' written by a scholarly Afro-American, pre-
sents to the Masonic world a treatise on the legitimacy of Negro Masonry that
should be in the hands of every Mason seeking for Truth. The information
contained in the chapter devoted to Prince Hall is alone worth to the young
Mason the price of the book. Brother Crawford's easy and pleasing style
creates in the reader a desire to complete the volume before putting the book
out of his hands."

From Henry A. Spencer, 33°, Grand Master and Grand Commander of

Knights Templar of New York :

"The book fills a long-felt want among intelligent Masons of our Race.
To know that we are right, and to substantiate that fact by intelligent research
and logical statements, is worth more to us than what the other fellow may
say. This is what Brother Crawford's book does and it should be in the hands
;

of every Mason of our Race."

From Jose H. Sherwood, 33°, Past Grand Master of Minnesota and

Deputy Imperial Potentate of Shriners :

"A very strong brief, setting forth plainly the legitimacy of Prince Hall
Masonry, and, as well, a stern call to all Negroes to assume full pride in the
happy possession of a Rite which can show such clear proofs of its contentions."

From William H. Grimshaw, 33°, Past Grand Master of the District of

Columbia and author of "A History of Colored Freemasonry" :

"I have read with great pleasure 'Prince Hall and His Followers.' The book
iswell written, containing clear and convincing diction. The impartial accuracy
with which the facts are marshalled makes the book a very valuable asset
to Masons."

Price One Dollar. Postage Extra.

ORDER NOW AGENTS WANTED

THE CRISIS
70 Fifth Avenue :: :: New York

Mention The Crisis

 THE CRISIS
A RECORD OF THE DARKER RACES
PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF
COLORED PEOPLE. AT 70 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY
Conducted by
W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS
AUGUSTUS GRANVILLE DILL, Business Manager

Contents Copyrighted, 1915, by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Contents for April, 1915

PICTURES Page
COVER DESIGN. Photograph from life. Decorations by Richard L. Brown.
HEADINGS AND DECORATIONS. By A. G. Kennedy.
THE LATE EX-CONGRESSMAN ROBERT SMALLS. Reproduction from wood-cut ... 273

MUSIC
"HE 'ROSE." A Negro Folk-Song. Transcribed by J.Rosamond Johnson 294

ARTICLES
THE FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE
ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE.
Report of the Chairman 286
Report of the Director of Publications and Research 296
Report of the Treasurer _ 297
Report of the Secretary 298
Branches 300
The Spingarn Medal 307
N. A. A. C. P. Officers 307
POEMS. By William Stanley Braithwaite 309
THE IMMEDIATE PROGRAM OF THE AMERICAN NEGRO. By W. E. B. DuBois... 310
MR. TAYLOR'S FUNERAL. A Story. By Charles W. Chesnutt 313

DEPARTMENTS
ALONG THE COLOR LINE 267
MEN OF THE MONTH 273
OPINIONS 276
EDITORIAL . 284
THE BURDEN 316

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MANUSCRIPTS and drawings relating to colored people are desired. They must be accom-
panied by return postage. If found unavailable they will be returned.
Entered as Second-class Matter in the Post Office at New York. N. Y.
 :

264 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

Atlanta University MOREHOUSE COLLEGE

(Formerly Atlanta Baptist College)
Is beautifully located in the City of Atlanta,
Ga. The courses of study include High ATLANTA, GA.
School, Normal School and College, with College, Academy, Divinity School
manual training and domestic science. Among An famous within recent years
institution
the teachers are graduates of Yale, Harvard,
for its emphasis on all sides of manly develop-
Dartmouth and Wellesley. Forty-five years
of successful work have been completed.
ment —the only institution in the far South
devoted solely to the education of Negro
Students come from all parts of the South.
young men.
Graduates are almost universally successful.
Graduates given high ranking by greatest
For further information address northern universities. Debating, Y. M. C. A^
President EDWARD T. WARE athletics, all live features.

ATLANTA, GA. For information address

JOHN HOPE, President

Knoxville College ST. MARY'S SCHOOL

Beautiful Situation. Healthful Location.
The Best Moral and Spiritual Environ- An
Episcopal boarding and day school for
under the direction of the Sisters of St
ment. A
Splendid Intellectual Atmos-
girls,
Mary. Address
phere. Noted for Honest and Thorough
Work.
THE SISTER-IN-CHARGE
Offers courses in the following departments:
full
611 N. 43d St. W. Philadelphia. Pa.
College, Normal, High School, Grammar School and
Industrial.
Good water, steam heat, electric lights, good drain-
age. Expenses very reasonable.
AVOID BAD SCHOOLS
Opportunity for self-help. Educate your children at home under our expert teacher!
Fall Term Began September, 1914.
For information address
Courses for Adults
Pupils received at any time. Write to
President R. W. McGRANAHAN
Educational Extension School, Box 3194 Station F, Washington, D. C.
KNOXVILLE, TENN.
Highly Endorsed. Financially Responsible.

The Agricultural and

WILEY UNIVERSITY
MARSHALL, TEXAS
Mechanical College
Recognized as a college of the First Class
by Texas and Louisiana State Boards of
Maintained by the govern- Education. Harvard, Yale and Columbia
ments of North Carolina and represented on its faculty students gath- ;

of the United States. Open ered from ten different states.

all the year round. For Strongest Music Department in the West
males only. Fall term be-
gan September i, 19 14. M. W. DOGAN, President

Board, lodging and tuition,

$7 per month. Best oppor-
FISK UNIVERSITY
NASHVILLE, TENN.
tunities for Negro youth.
Founded 1866
Night school for indigent
Thorough Literary, Scientific, Educational,
but ambitious young men. Musical and Social Science Courses. Pioneer
For catalog or further infor- in Negro music. Special study in Negro li/e.
mation, address Ideal and sanitary buildings and grounds.
Well-equipped Science building.
PRESIDENT DUDLEY Christian home life.

High standard of independent manhood and

A. & M. College Greensboro, N. C. womanhood. For literature, etc., write
C. W. Morrow, Acting President.

Mention The Crisis

 :

THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 265

The National Religious Training School

"I cordially commend the school's interest and needs to all who believe
in the Negro race and in our obligation to help promote its intellectual, moral
and religious uplift."
— Rev. Dr. Charles H. Parkhurst, New York City.

IT IS MORE THAN A MERE SCHOOL

IT IS A COMMUNITY OF SERVICE AND UPLIFT
Its influence is felt in all sections of the country in improved
destined to be
Negro community wherever our trained workers locate.
life
Settlement workers, missionaries for home and foreign mission fields, Y. M. C. A.
and Y. W. C. A. secretaries and district nurses receive a comprehensive grasp of their
studies under a Wellesley graduate and experienced co-workers and actual every-day
practice through the school's SOCIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT.
We aim also to create a better qualified ministry.
Industrial training, advanced literary branches, business school.
Thirty-two acres ten modern buildings healthful location.
; ;

We can accommodate a few more earnest, ambitious students.

Communities requiring social workers should write us.

For catalog and detailed information address

PRESIDENT JAMES E. SHEPARD
National Religious Training School Durham, N. C.
The school has no endowment fund and must raise a yearly maintenance fund
of $15,000 for running expenses. Won't you help us this year?

The Cheyney Training School for Teachers

CHEYNEY, PENNSYLVANIA

Under the management of the Society of Friends. Beautifully located,

healthful, well appointed, and within easy reach of a great variety of educa-
tional institutions, public and private, extending from West Chester to
Philadelphia representing a wide range of educational problems and
;

practice.

This school offers to young colored men and women who have a reasonable
secondary school preparation, and who earnestly desire to become teachers.
carefully graded courses in academic work, domestic science, domestic art.
manual crafts and agriculture. Summer school will not be held at Cheyney
during 1915, open on an improved basis in 1916. Tuition is free.
b.ut will

Board, lodging, heat, light and laundry privileges are offered for nine
months for $100. The charge for the same during the summer-school
course is $15. Write for particulars to

LESLIE PINCKNEY HILL, Principal

Mention The Crisis

266 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER
INTEREST TO VOCAL STUDENTS
TONE-PLACING AND A Legal Education for Less Than Ten Cents a Day
VOICE- DEVELOPMENT
Points explained, viz.: Breath in
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Mention The Crisis

 THE CRISIS
Vol. 9 -No. 6 APRIL,
MUSIC AND ART
T AST month markedfirst appear-
the
rr* ance of the Vocal Quartet at the
Music School Settlement for Colored
People in the City of New York, and
also String Quartet.
the Among the
speakers has been the Hon. Charles W.
Anderson and the musical performers
have included Mr. and Mrs. David Man-
nes, David Bispham and Walter Dam-
rosch.
CThe Philippines Constabulary Band
has been engaged for the entire term of
the San Francisco Exposition.
CThe Washington Concert Orchestra of
the District ofColumbia is now in its
second season under the leadership of
Mr. Harry A. Williams. The concert
of the orchestra at the Howard Theatre
last month was unusually successful and
evinced a high degree of orchestral de-
velopment. The assisting soloists were
Mrs. Daisy Tapley, contralto of New
York, Miss Celestine Lott, pianist and
Mrs. Marjorie Groves Robinson, ac-
companist. An excellent program was
given including numbers from Offen-
bach, Grieg, Rossini, Schubert, Schu-
mann, Bizet, Burleigh, Strauss, Rosa-
mond Johnson and Will H. Dixon. Miss
Lott played the Schumann concerto in
A minor for the closing number.
dMr. Charles Burroughs of New York,
the well known reader, was heard in
Washington, D. C, in a program of
classical modern writers.
din a recital at Aeolian Hall,
York City, by Christine Miller
1915 Whole No. 54
George Hamlin, two songs by Burleigh
were sung. One, "The Glory of the Day
Was in Her Face," was set to words by
James W. Johnson.
Cln the auditorium of John Wana-
maker's store, New York City, a Lin-
coln's birthday concert was given by the
Jubilee Glee Club composed of colored
employees. Mr. Harry Burleigh, Mr.
Gordon Kahn and Mr. Alexander Rus-
sell assisted. Selections from Coleridge-
Taylor, Rosamond Johnson and Will
Marion Cook were rendered.
{[Will Marion Cook's "Swing Along"
was sung by the University Glee Club
at the Princeton Club House, New York
City.
CA mixed chorus of 50 voices at the
Upper Montclair Presbyterian Church
sang Burleigh's "Negro Spirituals."
(CThe works of Samuel Coleridge-Tay-
lor appeared in the program of Miss
Jean Vincent Cooper at the West Side
Y. M. C. A., New York City. Miss
Cooper isa pupil of Sergei Klibanski.
The same composer appeared on the
program of Mr. Carl Rupprecht, bari-
tone, at the Claude Warford Studios, in
the Metropolitan Opera House.
([[On the afternoon of February 20th,
Mrs. Maud Cuney Hare, pianist, as-
sisted by Mr. William H. Richardson,
baritone, gave a lecture-recital before
the Hascall Music Club. This is an or-
ganization of music students and pa-
trons of music under the presidency of
Mrs. H. Hascall, a noted vocal teacher
New of Boston. The recital was given in the
and hall of the Pierce Studio Building.
268 THE
CMr. William Stanley Braithwaite, the
poet and critic of Boston, Mass., was
given a dinner party in New York City
as an expression of appreciatoin of his
value to American writers. The dinner
was attended by leading literary folk of
the country including a number of poets
and was followed by added attentions to
Mr. Braithwaite and his wife upon the
part of the individuals who composed
the committee.
CAt Ellis Island in New York Harbor,
where large numbers of immigrants are
detained on account of the war, a series
of concerts are being given. On Febru-
ary 14th the music was furnished by
the Clef Club Orchestra and Wana-
maker's Colored Jubilee Club.
m sociation of Houston, Texas, has held
MEETINGS
T^HE annual meeting of the National
* Association for the Advancement of
Colored People, held in New York City,
has attracted much attention throughout
the country. The Governor of the State
was present, the first Spingara medal
was presented and a large audience wit-
nessed the proceedings.
f[Many of the colored teachers' asso-
ciations are meeting this spring. The
Alabama State Teachers' Association
met in Montgomery, the Virginia Teach-
ers' Association and I mprovement
League met in Richmond and the
Brunswick Teachers' Institute was held
at St. Paul School, Lawrenceville, Va.
f[A State Negro Bar Association has
been meeting in Oklahoma.
CThe National Negro Press Association
had a two days' session in Nashville.
Considerable attention was paid to the
matter of securing advertising for
colored periodicals.
CA meeting of colored people in New
Haven was addressed by Joseph C.
Manning and adopted resolutions con-
demning the attitude of President Wil-
son.
C Lincoln memorial meetings were held
by colored people at numbers of places
throughout the United States. At Mo-
bile, Ala., prizes were distributed to
children for essays on Lincoln.
{[The Republican Club of New York
City took as its subject for discussion,
Saturday, February 20th, the question
CRISIS
"Is Democracy Gaining Over Aristoc-
racy and the Spirit of Brotherhood
Over Race Hatred ?" Among the speak-
ers were Prof. W. M. Sloane and Prof.
Franz Boaz of Columbia University,
Prof. Jeremiah W. Jenks of New York
University and Prof. T. Iyenaga of Chi-
cago University ; the Negro race was
represented by Prof. William Pickens of
Wiley University.
CAt the Dinner of the Sunrise Club
for March the question of land and labor
in the South will be discussed. Dr. W.
E. B. Du Bois will make the principal
address. This is a radical organization
in New York City for the free discus-
sion of social questions.
CThe Houston College Settlement As-
its
fourth annual session.
C Congressman Madden has addressed
audiences in Washington and Boston.
The latter meeting, under the N. A. A.
C. P., filled Tremont Temple and was
the largest meeting for Negro rights
since Abolition days.
CThe Odd Fellows have been celebrat-
ing Peter Ogden Day by a series of
meetings.
EDUCATION
PRESIDENT John Hope of More-
-* house College, Atlanta, Ga., an-
nounces a gift of $15,000 from the Gen-
eral Education Board for the erection of
a new dormitory. The American Bap-
tist Home Mission Society will add
$5,000 to this and the colored people of
the state must raise an additional $5,000.
CThe denial of high school training to
colored children in the South is causing
agitation for Negro high schools in cities
like Norfolk, Va. The white people of
this city have a high school which cost
$275,000 with equipment, and are plan-
ning an equally costly one. The Negro
schools stop with the seventh grade.
CIn Baltimore, Ohio, colored people are
agitating for a new high school building,
the present one being wretchedly in-
adequate.
CIn his Washington birthday address at
Washington and Jefferson College,
Washington, Pa., President Charles W.
Dabney, of Cincinnati University, advo-
cated a national fund for the education
 ALONG THE COLOR LINE
of Negroes and mountain whites. He
instanced the appropriations for Indian
education as precedents.
CThe General Education Board of New
York City has increased its appropriation
for industrial work in rural schools
among the Negroes of Georgia from
$3,500 to $5,500.
C President James N. Gregory of the
Bordentown State Industrial School for
Negro Boys together with Mrs. Fannie
E. Gregory, preceptress, and the Rev.
Frank Gregory, principal, have resigned
their positions. William R. Valentine of
Indianapolis has been suggested to suc-
ceed the president.
CThe Howard University appropriation
was held up in the House of Representa-
tives on a point of order by Sisson, of
Mississippi. The Senate restored the
item and the University will receive
$101,000. A
proposed item of $3,000 for
sociologicalwork was dropped.
CThe mid-winter meeting of the Board
of Trustees of Tuskegee Institute has
taken place. Among the distinguished
visitors were Dr. F. A. McKenzie, the
new president of Fisk University, Mr.
Julius Rosenwald, Miss Jane Addams,
Dr. Jenkin Lloyd Jones and Mr. Seth
Low.
CA gift of $40,000 has been made to
Hampton Institute by an anonymous
donor.
POLITICS
PRESIDENT WILSON continues his
policy of replacing colored officials
with white men no matter what the effi-
ciency of the colored men has been. Mr.
Charles W. Anderson, Collector of In-
ternal Revenue in the richest district of
the nation, including Wall Street, New
York City, has recently been displaced by
a comparatively unknown southern white
man. An Indian, H. B. Tehee, has been
appointed Register of the Treasury, a
position long held by colored men.
Charles A. Cottrill, a colored man of
Ohio, has been a most efficient Collector
of Customs at Honolulu, Hawaii. He is
now to be replaced by a white man. The
only office hitherto held by colored men
which is unfilled is that of Recorder of
Deeds in the District of Columbia.
There is little hope that President Wil-
269
son will have the courage to put a colored
man even in this place.
C Major R. R. Jackson, a colored mem-
ber of the General Assembly of Illinois,
has introduced a bill designed to prevent
the presentation of plays and moving
pictures like the "Clansman."
CThe legislature of Arkansas has passed
a bill to consolidate state and federal
elections. White people have feared that
this bill may so increase the power of
Negro voters as to put Negroes in the
legislature.
CIn Moberly, Mo., colored men for the
firsttime have been allowed to vote in
the democratic primaries.
CA colored man, Oscar De Priest, has
been nominated by the republicans for a
seat in the City Council of Chicago. He
was formerly a County Commissioner.
CA strong civil rights bill has been in-
troduced into the Pennsylvania legisla-
ture by Representative Stein of Pitts-
burgh.
C Lemuel W. Livingston, a colored man
and American Consul at Cape Haitien,
Haiti, has been called to Port au Prince
to assist the American Commission
which is aiding in the reorganization of
Haitian finances.
C Charles H. Turpin, a colored man of
St. Louis, who has held the office of
Constable has been allowed a recount of
votes by the Supreme Court. On the
face of the returns his opponent was
declared elected at the last election.
ECONOMICS
THEhave colored people of Ocala, Fla.,
started a small knitting fac-
tory. It is at present situated in a build-
ing owned by George Giles. This is the
first venture of the sort among people of
either race in Florida.
CTwo colored men, Moses McKissack
and Searcy Scales, have bought the Capi-
tal City Planing Mill, one of the oldest
plants of its kind in Nashville, Tenn.
McKissack is an architect and Scales a
contractor. They propose to manufac-
ture all the material used in their busi-
ness.
CThe Atlanta Mutual Insurance Com-
pany, a strong colored organization of
which A. F. Herndon is President, has
recently absorbed the Union Mutual As-
270 THE
sociation, a similar organization. It is
expected that the combined companies
will have a premium income of nearly
half a million dollars a year. Mr. T. K.
Gibson will be General Manager of the
consolidated company.
CIt is said that the African Union Com-
pany, a New York corporation, has ship-
ped from Africa to New York recently
5,820 pounds of cocoa beans and 294
tons of mahogany.
CThe Alabama Penny Savings Bank
late W. R. Petti ford
founded by the
twenty-five years ago, has recently ab-
sorbed the Prudential Savings Bank,
which is four years old. The combined
institutions, situated in Birmingham,
Ala., will have a paid up capital of $100,-
000. • N. A. A. C. P. has 150 paid up member-
SOCIAL UPLIFT
TUf R. Booker T. Washington as Presi-
"* dent of the National Negro Busi-
ness League has issued a call asking vari-
ous national Negro associations to join
in observing National Health Week,
March 21st to March 27th. The organi-
zations invited are the Medical Associa-
tion, Colored Women's Clubs, Urban
League, the teachers in colored schools,
etc.
CThe Eighth Infantry of the Illinois
National Guard has had a house-warm-
ing in their new armory at 35th Street
and Forest Avenue, Chicago. Some 5,000
people attended. The armory has cost
nearly $200,000 and is due largely to the
persistence of Col. F. A. Dennison. We
call the attention of the militant South
to the fact that the white Adjutant-Gen-
eral of the State led Mrs. Dennison in
the grand march, and that fully 200
white people joined in the dancing.
CThe United Colored Charities have
been at work in Norfolk, Va., and a
colored employment fund has been raised
Ky.
in Louisville,
C Records of immigrants to the United
States in the last fifteen years show that
the Portuguese are most illiterate (63
per cent.) followed by the South Italians
(52 per cent.) and Poles (35 per cent.)
and the Japanese (22 per cent.). Of the
Negroes 19.8 per cent, were illiterate.
CThe Colored Women's Clubs of the
state of Missouri after twelve years of
CRISIS
work have secured an appropriation of
nearly $75,000 for the completion and
maintenance of the state industrial home
for wayward colored girls.
CThe Organized Charities and Civic
Settlement League composed of colored
people of Macon, Ga., have been looking
after housing and health conditions in
that city.
CThe Negro exposition to be held July
4th to August 4th will take place on the
Virginia State Fair Grounds in Rich-
mond.
CDan Ferguson, a colored sprinter of
Ohio State University, has just won the
indoor mile race with the best time re-
cord in the history of the University.
CThe Columbus, Ohio Branch of the
ships already but is determined to reach
the 200 mark before permanent organi-
zation. Among its members is a former
Secretary of State of Ohio.
CThe Colored Citizens League of At-
lanta, Ga., is urging colored men to pay
their poll taxes, register and vote.
CAn "Afro-American History Story
Telling Association" has been incorpo-
rated in the District of Columbia. It
aims to collect and preserve historical
material, maintain libraries and museums
and take part in historical celebrations.
Miss Laura E. Wilkes is president.
CThe National Benefit Association, an
industrial insurancecompany of colored
men in Washington, D. C, is running a
nine inch advertisement three columns
wide in the leading local daily, The
Washington Post.
CThe Homemakers' Club for Negro
girls in Alabama has had 11 agents who
have traveled 7,324 miles in making their
weekly visits and held 743 meetings.
They have canned 7,272 jars of fruit and
vegetables. Some of their work was ex-
hibited at the Alabama State Fair.
CA new theatre for colored people, said
to be the finest in the South, has been
opened in Birmingham, Ala., on Fourth
Avenue between 17th and 18th Streets.
Two thousand paid admissions were
taken in on the opening afternoon.
CAt the Congregational Club in Brook-
lyn Mr. Oswald Garrison Villard
strongly denounced that element in the
South which oppresses the black man.
 —
ALONG THE COLOR LINE 271

f[A movement is on foot to place a — is genuinely remarkable. Isaac T.

monument on the grave of Sojourner Nutter, colored member
of the local bar,
Truth at Battle Creek, Mich. is entitled to full credit for his splendid

Cln Brooks County, Ga., the Negroes work at Mays Landing during the week
own property the assessed valuation of just closing."
which $556,977.
is CIrvin T. Howe, a colored sprinter
CW. Calvin Chase, the militant editor from Colby College, won the 75 yard
of the Washington Bee, went to the dash in 7 4-5 seconds, beating the Irish-
High School the other day to tell Prof. American champion, in New York City.
A. H. Glenn how to run his classes. The ftEdgar C. Young of the Senior Class in
professor refused to let the editor show the General Theological Seminary cap-
him, and resented some of the alleged tured the Ward prize for Bible reading
sharp remarks of Editor Chase by bring- from nine white competitors. The Semi-
ing a chair down upon his head with nary is in New York City.

sledge hammer force. Afro-American CDr. Paul Crosthwaite, a young colored

Ledger. dentist, made the second highest average
m in a recent civil service examination in
THE CHURCH Chicago. His mark was 81.9 per cent.,
WHITE and colored ministers of while the mark of the first man was 82.8
per cent. Dr. Crosthwaite is an assistant
Raleigh, N. have had a C, joint
meeting to discuss moral uplift. in the office of Dr. C. E. Bentley.

CThe Young Women's Christian Asso- CHarry E. Burris, a colored mail carrier
ciation has started a colored branch in of Rock Island, Iowa, was given a ban-
Indianapolis and has interested 600 quet recently by the mail carriers of his
women. In Washington, D. C, the post office, on the completion of twenty-
colored branch has bought and paid for five years continuous service. The post-
its property and last winter installed master and his assistant were present.
steam heat. In St. Louis, Mo., the C Lawyer W. A. Carter of Cincinnati, is

colored branch has raised $9,300 among said to be responsible for initiating the
colored people for a new home and a movement which allows colored men in

white friend added $10,000. that city to take the firemen's examina-
CThe Foreign Mission Board of the tion.

National Baptist Convention has ar- C President B. F. Allen of Lincoln In-

ranged its nineteenth annual program for stitute has been re-elected by the Regents
the 17,000 colored Baptist Sunday for two years.
Schools throughout the country. It will CDr. W. E. E. Du Bois has been lectur-
be used on Easter Sunday. Copies can ing in West Virginia, Ohio and Illinois.
be had by addressing the Rev. L. G. In Ohio he addressed the City Club on
Jordan, 624 S. 18th Street, Philadelphia, the underlying causes of the present
Pa. European war.
C Gabriel L. Jones one of the best known
PERSONAL colored men of Indiana died recently.
He was a former member of the legis-
THE
Press
Atlantic City (N. J.) Daily
says editorially: lature.

"To secure two acquittals out of three

homicide cases and to have the third THE GHETTO
settled on a manslaughter basis with a THEmonth record of discrimination this
appalling and begins with
penalty of from one to ten years in is

prison is no small task for even the best- another suit against the New York
known White lawyer with a great reputa- Tribune for refusing to deliver lots
tion —
especially when the whole calendar bought by Thomas A. Payton. The
Tribune finally compromised by paying
is cleared up within one week. But for
this feat to be accomplished by a colored Mr. Payton a satisfactory sum.
—
lawyer a man who has persevered C Rural segregation was pushed in the
North Carolina legislature, by a bill of
under the severe handicap which is the
undeniable lot of all Negroes in America Senator Majette, but defeated.
272 THE CRISIS

CIn Richmond, Va., a proposal has been Cal., is a colored man but the chief will
made to amend the segregation law so as not promote him because of his race.
to make it more difficult for Negroes to C[A colored girl, Miss Eola Chichester,
buy property. won a prize offered by the School Art
([In Morristown, Tenn., a colored League in New York City. She was
teacher in a colored college hired a house assigned to the School of Applied De-
opposite the campus but the white neigh- sign for Women which refused her on
bors protested so that the owner broke account of color. The prize was then
the contract. given to a white classmate who had a
([A bitter fight for a segregation ordi- lower mark. Superintendent Maxwell
nance is being made again in St. Louis. finally intervened the prize was re-
;

A segregation ordinance has been passed
in Spartanburg, S. C.
([In Petersburg, Va., an evil smelling
incinerator plant has been placed adja-
cent to the Jones Street colored public
school, by the city.
C White people in New Orleans are try-
awarded to Miss Chichester and she will
now enter Pratt Institute.
([Prof. William Starr Myers, of Prince-
ton, spoke recently at the Brooklyn
Academy of Music and went out of his
way to state the following falsehoods
concerning the Negro That 98 per cent,
:

ing to keep a colored public school from of the race were sexually immoral that ;

being located on the site of the former even educated Negroes were only
New Orleans University, a colored in- "grown up children" and that neither
stitution which has been removed to the Negroes nor women ought to vote !

country.
CThe "Jitney Bus" is bringing new
"Jim-Crow" problems. In St. Louis a COURTS AND CRIME
judge has decided that Negroes cannot HP HE segregation law of Atlanta has
*-
be discriminated against. In Jackson and been declared unconstitutional by
Vicksburg, Miss., all the chauffeurs are the Supreme Court. A new ordinance is
to be white and only white people will be threatened.
allowed to ride. ([Suits for civil rights in restaurants
([By a vote of 179 to 99 the House of have been won in New York City, Los
Representatives at Washington refused Angeles and in Cleveland, Ohio. In the
to consider the "Jim-Crow" street car latter cases $50 each was recovered and
bill. in the first case $200. E. B. Ceruti, of
([In Oklahoma they are proposing to Los Angeles, and Harry Davis, of Cleve-
amend the present "Jim-Crow" car law land, were two of the successful law-
so as to meet the supposed objections of yers.
the Supreme Court. ([The following lynchings have taken
([Mobs against Negro tenants have been place since our last record :

driving out colored people in New Ma- Will Reed, Forest City, Fla., alleged
drid County, Mo., and in Kentucky. assault on a white woman.
Threats have also been made against Alexander Hill, Brookville, Miss.,
Negro inhabitants of the suburb of Pine murder.
Bluff, Ark., and in Gallup, New Mexico. Horace Robinson, Brookville, Miss.,
f[It has been practically impossible to murder.
secure a jury to try white lynchers at John Richards, Sparr, Fla., giving im-
Walhala, S. C. proper note to a white woman.
([Twelve houses of prostitution contain- W. F. Williams (white), Hot Springs,
ing 50 colored women and run for the Ark., murder.
benefit of white men, have been closed Bob Grayson, alias Dave Jones, El
in Columbia, S. C. No wonder that the Paso, Texas, murder.
Iowa bill against intermarriage is called At Clarenden, Ark., two white men for
by the Des Moines, Iowa, Evening stealing.
Tribune "a bill to legalize white de- An unknown Negro was killed by a
bauchery." policeman in Jacksonville, Fla. He was
([The ranking patrolman in Oakland, suspected of stealing.
 MONTH

THE LATE EX-CONGRESSMAN ROBERT SMALLS

A HERO OF THE WAR ally he became pilot of the "Planter," a

•O OBERT SMALLS who has just
A^- died at Beaufort, S. C, was born
there in 1839. He had little chance for
education and in 1851 moved to Charles-
ton where he became a sailor. Eventu-
steamer running as a transport in the
harbor of Charleston. It was as pilot of
the "Planter" that Smalls did the great-
est deed of his life. In 1862 the "Plant-
er" was used as the special despatch boat
274 THE CRISIS

MR. W. F. CROCKETT GOVERNOR HATFIELD OF WEST VIRGINIA

of Confederate officers. When the offi-
cers were all ashore one night, Smalls
and his crew of eight colored men seized
the boat and ran it to the Union fleet.
At first the fleet moved into deep water
and prepared to fight, but a white
flag was run up
member of the State Constitutional Con-
vention and afterward held office as state
representative and state senator. He was
also brigadier-general of the South Caro-
lina militia. Later he was elected to
Congress and served as Representative
in the 47th, 48th

and then it was and 49th Con-

discovered that gresses. Presi-
the Government dent McKinley
appointed Gen-
had by this feat
eral Smalls col-
received a boat
lector of the port
which, with its
of Beaufort,
property, was where he served
worth at least until ousted by
$75,000. The President W i 1
-

thankful govern- son. The vener-

ment gave Smalls able hero has for
only $1,500 and vears been re-
Congress, while garded as the
thanking him, re- leading colored
fused to put him man in South
on the retired list Carolina. He
o f the navy. leaves a number
Smalls became a MR. CROCKETT'S HOME of descendants.
 MEN OF THE MONTH
THE LATE MRS.ANNA WADE RICHARDSON.
A LEGISLATOR
YXflLLIAM FRANCIS CROCKETT
"™ was born Rural Retreat,
in 1863 at
Va. He had very chance to go to
little
school when young, being an orphan at
four years of age and self-supporting at
ten. At seventeen he was working on a
railroad. Then he began to study, start-
ing at the Biblical Institute at Baltimore.
He finally entered the law department of
Michigan University from which he was
graduated in 1888. For a while he prac-
tised law at Montgomery, Ala., but in
1901 visited the Hawaiian Islands and
settled there. He became in time Dep-
uty County Attorney, served twice as
District Judge and recently was elected
to represent Maui County in the terri-
torial legislature.
m last October. The highest rating given
A NEW COLLEGE
f\ N February 17th the House of Del-
^•^ egates and Senate of West Virginia
passed House Bill Number 329. This
bill changed the name of the "West
275
Virginia Colored Institute" to the "West
Virginia Collegiate Institute," and made
a small appropriation for beginning col-
lege work at the institution. This is
very significant, being the first time in
the last ten years that a state south of
the Mason-Dixon's line has appropriated
money to initiate college work among
colored people. For the most part the
southern states have been abolishing
college departments or crippling them by
inadequate support. The colored peo-
ple of West Virginia are giving credit
for this accomplishment to Governor
Henry D. Hatfield. They say that Mr.
Hatfield is one of the few public officers
who has honestly redeemed his pre-elec-
tion pledges to the Negro race, both in
appointments to office and especially in
the establishment of a new Negro col-
lege.
A TEACHER
A NNA WADE RICHARDSON was
Jr^- born in Marshallville, Ga., in 1862.
At thirteen she entered Atlanta Univer-
sity where she was graduated in 1885,
after spending some time in Boston for
the purpose of having her eyes treated.
Immediately after graduation, she be-
gan to build up a private school at her
home. Boston people sent money, white
people of the town furnished material,
and finally the school was placed under
the American Missionary Association.
For twenty-seven years she was prin-
cipal of this school which in time came
to be supported partially by the Mis-
sionary Association and partially by pub-
lic funds.
Mrs. Richardson married E. S. Rich-
ardson in 1886 and had four children.
She died last October, highly respected
by people of both races in the town
which she did so much to uplift.
<[Dr. C. W. Reeves received a rating of
92.3 per cent, in the examination for
medical registration held in Atlanta, Ga.,
was 93.2 per cent.
CThe marriage of Capt. William H.
York of the Liberian frontier forces to
Miss Hazel E. Reed of Oxford, Ohio, is
announced.
 ! ! ! !

OpiAi^r^
PURITY OF BLOOD were quite alike. Separated for genera-
three points Few people realize how tions in isolated regions and subject to
of view and persistent is
deep varied climates, methods of procuring
the campaign for racial food, and caring for themselves, they
hatred. Here comes Stephen Phillips evolved the specialized types that now
writing on "The Black Peril" in the Los distinguish the great races. Within these
Angeles Times with four frightful qua- great racial stocks special divisions or
trains of which we quote two. tribes were f ormed. Intermarriage thus
only brings again together long separated
"Beware, the black blood with the white
strains of blood. The mixing of blood
The skull of brass, the hands that tear:
or racial strains is more rapid today than
The lecherous ape, not human quite,
at any time in the history of the world.
The tiger not outgrown his lair
It is inevitable."
"And him no shout upraised can fright,
Need we add to this the fine salutation
Nor lighted bonfire scare away ;
of Walt Whitman?
Restless he crouches day and night,
"I salute all the inhabitants of the earth.
Leaps and a woman is his prey."
!

You whoever you are !

This means that the mixing of white You daughter or son of England
blood with black is a devilish, inhuman You of the mighty tribes and empires
combination. The Quarterly Journal of You Russ in Russia !

the Society of American Indians has a You dim-descended, black, divine-souled

calm and ready answer. African, large, fine-headed, nobly-
"No race, as we know races, is an un- formed, superbly-destined, on equal
mixed All so-called races are the !"
race. terms with me
result of mixtures. Food, soil, locality,
climate, available materials, systems of
thought, and dominant languages caused THE REAL SOUTH
the development of the types of human- curious con- Everybody's Magazine
ity when the various geographical areas tradictions (New York City), has
were more or less isolated. Yet all gotten into trouble with
groups of human beings since remote two of its subscribers because it called
periods have received the influx of blood a Negro "mister."
from others. The peoples of Europe "It is not difficult to understand how a
terming themselves Caucasian are the re- descendant of the 'Master' class in the
sult of mixtures of prehistoric elements South might find it very difficult to ad-
as well as of later races. Europe re- dress a descendant of the once 'slave'
ceived and absorbed mixtures of Asiatic class as 'Mr.' But in a democracy there
and African peoples. Asia received the are no 'Masters' in the old sense.
blood of Africans and Malays. Even Every man is a 'Mr.' We reserve the
the red men of America may have re- word 'Master' for the men and women
ceived, even after the crystallization of who have mastered the arts, or sciences,
the race, the influx of Scandinavian, or whatever and the Negro who won
;

Malayan, and Mongolian blood. * * * * the prize in the Rum

Contest would ap-
"Races originally were the outgrowths pear to have fairly won the title of
of widely separated divisions of the pri- 'Master' as we use it now. He competed
mitive human species. Primitive men, with nine thousand 'Masters' and 'Mis-
wherever they may have been found, tresses' and won.
 :
"The Negro race has made tremendous
progress in fifty years. Its leaders are
urging their people to earn the respect of
the white race by honest effort, and to
use every care against giving offense.
Everybody's Magazine would not wit-
tingly hurt their cause or halt their pro-
gress by giving offense. Will others of
our friends in the South, or elsewhere,
be good enough to tell us whether or not
we gave real cause for offense when we
called a Negro 'Mr.?'"
These subscribers are evidently well
represented in Congress by the Hon.
Percy E. Quin of Mississippi, who said
recently
"No Negro good enough to associate
is
with a white man. The white people in
the South will never stand for the Negro
to even attempt to stand on any plane of
equality. Why
not let this amendment
of the Senate stand, which forbids any
Negroes coming into the United States?
Why not be real men and stand up for
the purity of the white race all over our
country. There is no evil that is so great
to the real success of the perpetuity of
our institutions as the black blood of this
country."
Undoubtedly Quin represents the mass
of Southern democracy which curiously
combines in thought, intense and vulgar
hatred of the Negro and intense and
striving hatred of aristocracy. For in-
stance, the Yellow Jacket, of Moravian
Falls, N. C, goes into hysterics over an
inter-racial marriage in Boston in
a white Virginian figured.
"What is there in the air, water, soil
or Boston surroundings that poisons the
minds of Virginians who go there to
preach, and transforms them from am-
bassadors of righteousness to senseless
and sensuous skunks? Has social equal-
ity and ethical liberty destroyed the pris-
tine patriotism of men in the grand old
Bay State, that they will countenance
such depraved conduct in their most
cultured city as the wedding of a bean-
eating, blanch-faced babboon to a sour-
smelling Southern Senegambian?
******
"We believe that, next to slavery and
next to the aggravated elevation of a
slave race into full political powers with-
out the restraining saving grace of some
OPINIONS 277
years of probationary preparation, the
most damning infamy ever perpetrated
since the dawn of Time has been the
devil-hatched, hell-spawned theory of
'social equality' that ever and again
erupts like a syphillitic sore on the social
surface of some city like Boston, and
prompts the simple trusting, unsophisti-
cated black man to believe he is the equal
of his white neighbor who through the
ages has had the advantages of humaniz-
ing, elevating civilization and culture."
In Austin, Texas, there is a curious
publication called K. Lamity's Harpoon
which has as its motto "minnows are
safe I am out after whales." Yet issue
;
after issue of this radical sheet is filled
with abuse of Negroes so vulgar and
nasty that it can hardly be quoted. We
venture to give three of the milder para-
graphs from one issue.
"Whenever you find a white man —or
—
community that believes the African is
the moral, mental, and social equal of the
—
Anglo-Saxon, that man or community
— is as rotten as the cesspools of hades,
and should have lived in the days of
Sodom and Gomorrah, when God grew
weary of such cattle and roasted hell out
of them with heaven-rained fire and
brimstone.
"Social equality will inevitably lead to
the amalgamation of the pure white-
skinned race, with the flat-nosed, thick-
skulled African.
which "People are waking up to the enorm-
ous increase of the mule-nigger breed,
and you may confidently expect to soon
see legislation enacted throughout the
South that will hold the dirty, lecherous
white daddy of all future mule-nigger
brats, legally responsible for the support
and education of their poker-dot off-
spring."
What does this mean ? Are the white
masses of the South absolutely hopeless
in their brutal ignorance of the logic of
democracy? No, they are not hopeless,
for one who represents them, J. C. Man-
ning, has a most illuminating article in
the New Review.
"Prior to the Civil War, insisting upon
it as aright, the slave-holding Demo-
cratic party held representation in the
general government on a basis of rep re-

278 THE
sentation which included three-fifths
of the slave population. Five slaves
of the South, voiced for by South-
ern masters, were pitted in the basis of
representation with three white citizens
of the free North. Now the continued
aggression of the audacious leadership
of the present so-called Democratic
party of the South has succeeded in
going much farther; it not only finally
brought about the usurpation of repre-
sentation for practically all the colored
population, but has, through a system of
political intrigue and political repression,
accomplished the suffrage elimination of
more than half of the white male popula-
tion of voting age in the far Southern
states. Having obtained domination over
the masses of the people of the South,
by subverting popular government, this
regime is now the controlling factor of
the general government; while, with this
force and fraud acquired power, South-
ern leadership is now seeking to plant
and to foster their prejudices and ideas
on the government at Washington and to
imprint their conceptions of human jus-
tice upon the public sentiment of the
country.
"The rest of the country must come to
view with amazement the plea coming up
from the Democratic party leadership in
the Southern states to 'let the South
alone' when it beholds, as it must be-
hold, the states of Alabama, Arkansas,
Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana,
Mississippi, North Carolina, South Caro-
lina, Tennessee, Texas and Virginia,
having, in round numbers, an aggregate
of 5,000,000 male citizens of voting age,
while, in the face of this fact, the entire
delegation in Congress from these states
was elected in 1910 upon an aggregate of
but 950,000 ballots. It is not so much
the South that this leadership would
have let alone as it is the methods of
those responsible for this system. The
appeal of 'let the South alone' is rather
in their own behalf than in the behalf of
the masses of the South who have not
now and who have never had republican
form of government. Of the 5,000,000
male citizens of voting age in these states
of the South, there are, approximately,
3,500,000 white and 1,500,000 colored
:
CRISIS
citizens. The aggregate vote polled by
the Democratic party in these states in
the last Presidential election is no more
than half the white male citizenship and
about equal to the number of colored
male citizens of voting age.
"Not only was the ballot taken from
colored citizens of voting age, not only
were they, without their consent, put in
the attitude of voting their own disfran-
chisement, but more, the frauds returns,
predicated upon the colored male citizen-
ship of voting age, went to override the
ballots polled in opposition to disfran-
chisement and to annul the white majori-
ties voting against these acts. The mo-
tive of a general law can best be judged
by the results arising from its applica-
tion. When the disfranchisement acts
went into operation in Alabama there
were 232,294 white and 181,471 colored
male citizens in the state of voting age,
making a total of 413,765. The number
of qualified voters in the state at present
will not aggregate 150,000. Of the 180,-
000 colored male citizens of voting age
there are, perhaps, 3,000 permitted to
register and to vote."
We regret to say that Mr. Manning
finds the climate of the North more suit-
able to him than that of Alabama. But
there is one man, W. O. Saunders, who
publishes and edits the Independent of
Elizabeth City, N. C, who is talking out
remarkably these days. We
hope that
Mr. Saunders will not have to leave his
native state. This is the kind of thing
he is saying editorially referring to a
poor old colored washerwoman
"The total of Lizzie's income is $2.00
to $2.25 a week. It is true she makes an
extra dime now and then her married
;
daughters some times contribute a mite,
and the white folk who know her give
her little things once in a while. Three
dollars a week would be a magnificent
income in the eyes of Lizzie Pool.
"There are scores of Lizzie Pools in
this little town and in every little South-
ern town. Everybody knows them. I
have picked this particular Lizzie Pool
because I wanted a specific case. I have
got something I want to say and I like
to have my facts well in hand. I found
 OPINIONS
this Lizzie Pool at 415 South Road St.,
Elizabeth City. Anyone else can find
her there so long as she pays her rent,
and find out the facts about her income.
"I don't know how Lizzie lives on
$2.25 a week; I don't know how she
could live on $3.00 or $4.00 a week. But
I know where the bulk of her wages goes
and I am going to paint a picture here
just as strong as I can. One dollar and
thirty-five cents of her wages every week
goes to Old Man X [Saunders
gives the name in full], one of Eliza-
beth City's respectable landlords, for
rent of the dirty, leaky, raggedy, run-
down little shack in which Lizzie lives.
"There are dozens of X
s in this
town and dozens of them in every other
town. But I have singled out this par-
ticular specimen for the same reason I
singled out Lizzie Pool.
"The rent of the house in which
Lizzie lives was formerly $5 a month,
which is $3.00 a month more than it is
actually worth. But Lizzie being just a
Nigger is made to pay by the week, and
as very few poor folk discriminate be-
tween four weeks and a month, she was
made to pay just about $5.35 a month, or
35 cents more than the agent had any
legal or moral right to collect from her.
"I said the rent Lizzie used to pay was
$1.25 a week. That is what she used to
pay. For the past two years she has
been paying $1.35 a week. About two
years ago Old Man X came around
and told her the town had put a sanitary
tax on the property and she would have
to pay him ten cents a week extra. It
is not on record that he told her the tax
was only $2 a year and that he was call-
ing upon her to pay him from her scanty
income just $3.20 more a year than the
tax demanded.
"Wehave already seen that the tax is
only $2. One would suppose that Old
Man X paid the $2 and was content
to keep his $3.20 graft money. But you
don't know X — because you don't know
landlords. X is like most landlords.
When X went to give in his taxes to
the list takers sitting at the Court House,
he did the Ananias act he failed to give
; sacrifice, new fertility, a wider sweep for
in. He didn't say anything about eleven
or more of his shanties, like the one oc-
279
cupied by Lizzie Pool, that were subject
to the Sanitary Tax of $2 a year each.
Not a word! He just kept the facts
under his own bald head concealed any
;
shame he may have felt, behind his old
gray whiskers, and kept the whole
amount of $5.20 a year that he had col-
lected from Lizzie and others like her.
The facts are a matter of record. In-
deed, more than 700 such cases have
been exposed in this town by a public ac-
countant who did his work so well that
the Board of Aldermen don't want to
pay him for his work. The picture is
finished. Stand back, you people, and
study it closely."
To this we can only append the fine
strong word of Ray Stannard Baker on
"The Burden of Being White" published
in the American Magazine.
"Oh, my friend, why will men not see
that there can be no true civilization
while any men in the world are left out
of it? and that no race or no nation can
go far forward while other races and
nations lag behind ?
"Let the white person again tread the
black person under his heel! (Say!
which is trodden under heel, after all?)
"It is not enough that we give the
alien nations our learning, our religion,
our science. What signify all these
things ? Are we hurt by giving them ?
Are we not, on the contrary, the ma-
terial gainers? No, we must be pre-
pared to go further than that, else we
have not learned the fundamental con-
cept of religion.
"It is not the great task of any nation
that it shall remain pure, or white, or
learned, or that it shall assure to its pos-
terity the possession of land and com-
fort (though this has been the belief,
and the doom, of every aristocracy from
the beginning of time). The great task
of every advanced race or nation ,is to
—
bring more love more light into the—
world.
"A stand for racial aristocracy means
war, hatred, barren exclusiveness, and
finally degeneration and failure: a stand
for racial democracy and brotherhood
means love in the world, friendliness,
faith, and final triumph. Individuals
may suffer in the process, nations may
 " : :

280 THE CRISIS

perish, but civilization, the kingdom of "Mr. Fisher's editorial stirs the re-
humanity, will grow, will become more ligious soul, but he throws an irritant
in
beautiful." when he says, 'I shall shoot no arrows
idly into the air.' He may not mean it

THE NEW ABOLITION so but most readers will doubtless take

the spingarn Elizabeth P. Bond writes that as a sarcastic reference to that class
medal in the Friends Intelli-
of our leaders who believe in fighting
gencer (Pa.) concerning back with all the instruments of pub-
licity.
the last meeting of this Association
"It is good to know that this Advance-
"Taking that view we ask, who will

ment Society has in its membership and say that Wendell Phillips, Garrison,
officers, men and women who know the
Douglass, John Brown and others were
past, and realize the cruel odds against
shooting arrows idly in the air? Who
will say that without the arrows shot
which the Negro race is making great
into the air by these brave anti-slavery
strides. When Oswald Garrison Vil-
lard, the presiding officer of the evening,
advocates that the prayers of our fathers
announced the principles for which the and mothers would have availed?
Society stands, and added 'This associ-
:
"Why are those brave souls who pro-
test and agitate against the evils that be-
ation will not swerve!' there sounded
set us any less valuable than those who
from the second generation back of him, "
the memorable declaration: 'I am in
'cheer and make efficient.'
It is surprising to note the new tone
earnest; I will not excuse, I will not
equivocate I will not retreat a single
of certain colored papers. Here comes
;

the Amsterdam Neivs of New York

inch and / will be heard!'
;

City with a strong editorial, much

A
colored paper, the St. Louis Argus
stronger than it has ever ventured be-
has this ingenious comment
fore.
"When the future historian looks back
a hundred years or so to. write of us and
"No close observer of the situation of
to-day would deny that we have been,
our times, he will describe us as one of
the most mysterious of human puzzles,
and are yet, traveling along the wrong
the paradox of races —
everlastingly com-
road.
"We have been advised to take the
plaining of conditions, yet lifting not a
path of least resistance. We have been
finger to change them; continually cry-
told we must gain respect by commercial
ing for our rights, yet doing nothing to
conquests and peaceful achievements.
remedy the wrongs which stand in their
But has any race or nation gained re-
way.
spect wholly by these methods? Does
"Here, right under our eyes, is a
any one believe that Belgium would
branch of a great organization, a splen-
have been better off to-day and in the
did piece of machinery, well constructed,
future had she chosen the path of least
well engineered, ready and willing to do
resistance offered by the Germans? Had
our work, taking the leading part in the
she voluntarily opened her pathways to
fight for our rights, winning us many
the Teutons must she not have found
friends.
herself aligned with them against the
"Our first duty, our great opportunity,
is to join at once the local branch of
allies? Once the Germans determined
to go through Belgium to get at France
the N. A. A. C. P. And those letters
there was no third way. As it is, Bel-
mean, The Negro Awake Always Counts
gium has chosen the most honorable and,
for Power."
in our opinion, the best in the end. The
The editor of the Negro Farmer pub-
lished at Tuskegee Institute, Ala., has
path of least resistance is not only dis-
honorable and cowardly, but IT DOES
been recently calling for unity among all
branches of Negro thought but he an-
NOT PAY!
swers his own appeal rather discourag-
ingly when asked his reasons for not "Lynching would cease in short order
protesting against wrong and aggression. if the colored people of this country re-
The Louisville (Ky.) News says: sented the lawless murdering of friends,

relatives and compatriots as they should
— with therifle and sword. The ballot
will not settle it definitely.
commercial nor intellectual
ment. But mobs do not lynch when they
are assured of a come-back. Least of
all, would a mob invade a colored dis-
trict in chase of its victim were there
any likelihood of their being- received as
they should be with bullets. — are the most effective answer to those
"Organize Organize f Agitate Agi-
! !
tate Let the American nation and the
!
entire world know that you are men and
will no longer tolerate wrongs and per-
secutions. Let the world know you are
willing to fight for your rights, if only
by fighting can you obtain and enjoy
them."
The white press on the other hand has
been stimulated to some thinking by the
bestowal of the Spingarn medal. The
New York Evening Post says
"The bestowal of the first Spingarn
—
medal an admirably planned prize, to
be awarded annually to the colored man
or woman who has rendered the great-
est service to the colored race upon
Prof. Ernest E. Just, a young scientist
and professor in the Howard University
Medical School, is certain to attract
widespread attention. The committee,
of which Mr. .Taft is a member, did not
find the choice an easy one, there being
a number of possibilities from whom to
select. That the recipient should be a
scientist rather than an inventor, or a
leader in farming or banking, will doubt-
less surprise many people, as it will put
to their trumps those who continue to
maintain that the Negro is incapable of
the higher education. Professor Just,
be it noted, is not thirty-one years of
age yet he has already attracted the at-
;
tention of scientists of repute, no less a
one than Prof. Jacques Loeb endorsing
his original work in physiology, biology
and zoology.
* ^c j|e :}:
"For the exceptional man of Professor
Just's type no one ought, * * * to fence
in any field of learning. should be
free to roam where'er he will in our
choicest educational pastures. Anything
else would spell folly and,
: : :
OPINIONS 281
a gross national injustice which would
merely have to be stated to carry its
Neither will own condemnation. Whenever opposi-
achieve- tion to throwing open the doors of our
educational institutions is based merely
on color prejudice and a belief in an-
other person's alleged inferiority, it must
be attacked without a moment's delay.
Professor Just and his peers of his race
who would go back to the educational
Dark Ages."
Other papers concur as, for instance,
the Jamestown (N. Y.) Post says:
"It is gratifying to observe that many
colored men are winning distinction in
various fields of human endeavor."
The Pittsburgh (Pa.) Chronicle Tele-
gram says
"Such a recognition of effort as the
bestowal of a medal of this character,
and the public attention directed to its
presentation, must have a fine effect on
earnest workers among our citizens of
African descent."
The San Francisco (Cal.) Bulletin
thinks
— "People who are susceptible to race
prejudice and racial arrogance would do
themselves good by becoming familiar
with all such cases as this."
Even the Louisville (Ky.) Courier-
Journal has this comment
"There is a large group of professed
friends of the Negro — including some of
the Negro educators, themselves —who
will not be greatly impressed by this
newest activity of this Association. The
workers for Negro welfare in this coun-
try are divided into those who believe
that the Negro's destiny and salvation
lie in manual labor and menial service,
and those who claim that his potential
capabilities are no more restricted than
those of his white neighbor. The first
group claims to be no less warm in its
zeal for the Negro's welfare than the
second, but insists upon the recognition
of what it believes to be inelastic racial
;jc sp
limitations.
"Such declarations are always a little
perilous; the recurrence of 'exceptional
He instances' is constantly putting a strain
upon them. The assignment of races to
particular classes of endeavor should not
what is worse, be carried forward with too high a hand.
 :
282 THE
In all probability the ethnological argu-
ments of the 'repressive' group of Ne-
gro educators could be put to a severe
strain if the other group cared to pre-
sent an array of concrete instances of
varied Negro achievement. At all
events it will be interesting to watch the
cases called into notice by the annual
award of the Spingarn medal."
SEGREGATION
the color Dr. Francis J. Grimke, a
line well known colored clergy-
man of the District of Co-
lumbia, has been writing to Mr. "Billy"
Sunday as follows
"I am a colored clergyman. I see that
you are to be in our city on the 18th of
this month. Race prejudice is rampant
in this city, it flaunts itself everywhere.
Has Christianity no message on the sub-
ject? Is this evil, this ever-growing evil
that is doing almost more than anything
else to destroy the self-respect and to in-
crease the burdens of ten millions of
colored people in this country, to go un-
rebuked by the representatives of relig-
ion? Will you not say a word on the
subject while you are in our midst? I efit of white communities
notice that you have been striking with
sledge-hammer blows some of the great
evils of to-day —
intemperance, impurity,
gambling, the lust of gold, frivolity, po-
litical corruption, the tobacco habit, and
the like. Will it be asking too much of
you to turn for a moment to this gigan-
tic evil, RACE PREJUDICE, and deal
it also one of those sledge-hammer
blows? It is difficult to get any one to
speak on the subject. All seem to be
afraid. A
short while ago we had a
Bible conference in our city. It was at-
tended by some of the most distin-
guished representatives of Christianity
in the country and even from abroad.
Foremost among these representatives
was the Rev. G. Campbell Morgan, of
England. wrote to him; called his at-
I (Ohio) Union, edited by W. P. Dabney,
tention to the subject; begged him to
say a word on it, but he skulked away
like a coward without opening his lips.
And what is true of him is true of the
great majority of the men who fill the
white pulpits of the land, North as well
as South. They are a set of moral cow-
ards. From what I have read of you,
CRISIS
however, I am led to think differently.
The Christianity which you possess
seems have sufficient power in it to
to
stiffenup a man's backbone and to take
out of him the craven spirit that fears
the face of man. I seem to recognize in
your ringing words the dauntless spirit
of Peter and John and the other apostles
as they stood before the Jewish officials
and said: 'We must obey God rather
than man.' Aclear, strong utterance
from you on the subject at the National
Capital will greatly help matters."
We regret to say that Mr. Sunday has
not seen fit to answer this letter.
The Norfolk (Va.) Journal Guide,&
a colored paper, has these few facts on
the results of residential segregation.
"The exponents of race segregation
claim that the colored people 'want to
live among white people because of a de-
sire to associate with them.' That is
decidedly untrue. Colored people object
to being segregated because it deprives
them of municipal protection the sani-;
tary laws are not enforced with due re-
gard for their health the money that
;
they pay in taxes is usurped for the ben-
their streets
;
are unpaved, and, in case of fire, the fire
fighting apparatus cannot reach their
property. They have inadequate police
protection and the streets are not proper-
ly lighted. An example When Hunters-
:
ville and Barboursville were annexed to
Norfolk, the boundaries were extended
to cover enough of adjoining white
wards so as to preclude forever the pos-
sibility of Negro votes ever controlling
the revenue from Negro taxable values.
Taxes were raised 100 per cent and
$270,000 were appropriated for street
improvements in the ward, but not one
dollar of it was spent for paving or curb-
ing of a single street in the colored sec-
tion of the ward."
Another colored paper, the Cincinnati
is making a brave fight in Cincinnati
against the evident anxiety of the
colored people of that city to segregate
and "Jim-Crow" themselves. It says:
"Instead of fighting to put competent
teachers of our race in the mixed schools
a few ambitious and selfish people,
backed up by those who did not know
 !

OPINIONS 283

and could not know, for they doubtless slave who earned and bought his free-
never had the opportunity of learning, dom, then mother's freedom, then
his
succeeded in establishing the Colored his wife's, and furthermore earned the
School. confidence and respect of every man,
"The white board now finds it a ne- white and black, with whom he came in
cessity The Colored people have to all
! contact. Distinction he did earn among
intents and purposes shown that they people of his own race. There were no
want segregation. more influential churchmen, and few
more honored Masons, than Anthony
Brown. Where is another old man of
"They will get it. North or South,
87, ex-slaveand untutored, of Anthony's
whenever the Negro cries for segrega-
generation, who stood as well? Born
tion, the hearts of our white fellow-cit-
a generation later, his inborn urge of
izens are immediately touched and as im-
leadership would have found freer as-
mediately responds. Weare getting it
sertion, and he would have mounted
here in large doses. We
understand that
the magnificent new hospital has its
higher than porter —yet what's in a title

Colored building, Colored operating "Only a porter, yet a great porter,

room, etc., etc. When the hospital was
thrown open for inspection the guide an-
nounced the fact in such a burst of elo-
quence that even the little white chil-
dren could understand and get that
chesty feeling of superiority."
The American Journal of Sociology
(Chicago) recently asked 250 represent-
ative American citizens as to what
true Americanism in the future should
stand for. The Journal publishes this
reply from W. E. B. Du Bois:
"Americans in the immediate future
should place most stress upon the aboli-
tion of the color line. Just so long as
the majority of men are treated as in-
human, and legitimate objects of com-
mercial exploitation, religious damnation
and social ostracism, just so long will
democracy be impossible in the world.
Without democracy we must have con-
tinual attempts at despotism and oli-
garchy, with the resultant failure
through the ignorance of those who at-
tempt to rule their fellow-men without
knowing their fellow-men. America,
instead of being the land of the free, has
made herself a hot-bed of racial preju-
dice and of despicable propaganda
against the majority of men."
MISCELLANEOUS
"It was Anthony's cherished
quietly
contention that if he had only been a
white man he would have risen high in
the world. There is something to sup-
port the contention in the record of a
just as one may be great in any calling
which he graces and ennobles as An-
—
thony did." St. Louis (Mo.) Post Dis-
patch.
"The influences which have been po-
tent in forming the character of our na-
tive music are, first, Negro melodic
idiom, and, second, Celtic and English
national songs.
"The Negro influence has been one of
propinquity. The African slave is a
singer whose life of suffering and hard-
ship has brought to the surface all his
powers of expression. A humble mem-
ber of the National family from the be-
ginning, his songs of pathos and glorifi-
cation have made a deep impression on
every music-loving child, who, on be-
coming later a trained musician, finds his
own speech somewhat akin to that of his
old friend." —
Arthur Whiting in the
Outlook (New York City) on "The
American Composer."
"Speaking of a lynched Florida Negro
the brief dispatch says 'it is alleged that
he had insulted a white woman.' An al-
legation is sufficient in such a case, of
course. The Georgia mob of chivalrous
citizens who hanged two colored girls
'alleged' that the victims had insulted a
policeman. When pleasure seekers de-
termine to enjoy a lynching bee there is
never any lack of allegations." Cleve- —
land (Ohio) Plaindealer.
"O Lord, chune his lips to de lute of
de Gospel and hang his jaws on de Harp
of Salvation !" —
From an Old Time Ser-
mon.
 THE SPINGARN MEDAL debt not simply for the medal but for the
HERE can be no doubt but idea on which it was founded ; and also

that the ceremonious of- for the long and exhaustive excursions
fering of a visible prize through the country to popularize our
and meritorious
for real principles ; and for singular devotion to a
accomplishment among great cause.
colored men and women
is one of the most significant steps taken THE WHITE CHRIST
in recent years to advance the race. At 'OU will kindly discon-

first it seemed as though it might be diffi- tinue The Crisis

cult to find anyone really worthy of such to my address. I feel

an honor; but when the nominations be- that your motives are

gan to pour in, the Committee were as- probably right but
tonished at the number of people who your influence can
had done only be regrettable. Fear, hate and re-
real work, even if we confine (

the matter of accomplishment to the year venge are responsible for the present
1914. There were in all thirty nomina- dreadful war, not Christianity in the
tions. Among them were Howard Drew, and those who foster fear, hate and
least,

the athlete who holds the world's record revenge are breeding war and if they are
for the 100 yard dash ; Mrs. Meta War- reasonable beings should know what they
rick Fuller, the sculptress ;William Mon- are doing.
roe Trotter, the intrepid agitator; "Because I am 'white' you may im-
Heman Perry, the founder of the first
agine all sorts of things about me,
Negro old line life insurance company; nevertheless, I know that I desire this
Major John R. Lynch, the reconstruction world to be a cleaner, kinder, more
statesman and author; William Stanley reasonable, more just place for us all to
Braithwaite, the poet and critic; Major live in." (From Pennsylvania)
R. R. Moton, of Hampton Institute; " 'The White Christ' contribution in
Isaac Fisher, the essayist of Tuskegee the March number of The Crisis is so
Institute; Cornelia Bowen, the principal absolutely rich in truth, so exquisitely
of Mt. Meigs School, Ala. and a couple
; sarcastic in tone, and so altogether ap-
of dozen others. The selection of Mr. pealing, that I wish it might be brought

Just out of this deserving number was to the attention of the 'white contingent'
eminently fitting. His work is real and of Christianity, especially those afflicted
lasting. His promise is great, his char- with Spiritual pride, and who are so ab-
acter is modest, unassuming and honest. sorbed in THINKING of their own
This is the sort of man that this Associa- 'beautiful development' that they posi-
tion, this race and this country delight to tively have 'no time' to crystallize their
honor. To Joel E. Spingarn we owe a mighty thoughts into deeds, and so they
 ;;

EDITORIAL 285

continue to be muffled in thick veils med in reading it. The world needs re-

veils of ignorance, superstition, imagina- shaping dreadfully ; and there isn't any
tion, prejudice. It's the most pathetic constructive force but love. And love
spectacle of so-called modern civilization includes patience— long patience like

to witness on all sides the fruit of pre- God's —and faith in human kind. To
judice: namely, oppression. face mankind as men are, without loving
"May GOD speed the day when all them, enemies and all — it seems to me
will realize that 'the world is one home' that would drive one mad. That's why
and that all the inhabitants of the world I'm sorry."
are the children of one Divine Father. (From a Southern white woman)
"Please accept a word of appreciation m
for the very effective service accomplish-
WOMAN SUFFRAGE
ed through The Crisis."
N the fall of 1915 the
colored voters of Massa-
(From a colored friend)
chusetts, New York,
"Be lenient with the great mass of
New Jersey and Penn-
'white public' as its religious training has
sylvania are going to be
been confined mostly to the Salvation
asked for their opinion
Army type of conversion and not to the
on the enfranchisement of women. There
steady growth of knowledge of Him that
were Negro voters
in 1910, 151,341 in
is given us in our churches. The first
these states. The number is probably
merely emphasizes the other and in-
near 200,000 today. It is safe to say
creases good effects. It appeals to all
its
that in an electorate of over 5,000,000
classes of humanity at a certain stage in
these 200,000 votes may easily hold a
their development.
balance of power and certainly would be
"In this day of seeming retrogression a valuable asset. Undoubtedly among
we must appeal to such men as you Negro voters there is a good deal of in-
the editor of the New York Press, and difference and lack of knowledge con-
Andrew Carnegie (who believed this cerning woman suffrage. We tend to
world to be 'growing more and more like
oppose the principle because we do not
Heaven') to hold to that ancient belief. like the reactionary attitude of most
Stand firm for the benefit of the poor, white women toward our problems. We
benighted brother to whom any lapse of must remember, however, that we are
faith on your part will be a blasting of facing a great question of right in which
hopes. Time and God will vindicate personal hatreds have no place. Every
you." (From New Jersey) argument for Negro suffrage is an argu-
"I don't see how one who has known ment for woman's suffrage every ;

a single life like that can think of Christi- argument for woman suffrage is an
anity as a failure. We are all so narrow argument for Negro suffrage; both are
and selfish and blind; and if there's a great movements in democracy. There
force which can lift and transform even should *be on the part of Negroes abso-
one life, surely there's hope for the lutely no hesitation whenever and where-
world. ever responsible human beings are with-
"I hope you won't mind my saying out voice in their government. The man
that. That editorial distresses me so, of Negro blood who hesitates to do them
both for the one who felt and wrote it, justice is false to his race, his ideals and
and for those whose faith may be dim- his country.
 jdUA^iAdyiQKKINSKL C

FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1914

Report of the Chairman of the Board of Directors

ORGANIZATION
During the year the Association has doubled membership, which now num-
its

bers 6,000, and has increased its branches and locals throughout the country to
fifty. The net paid circulation of its official organ, The Crisis, is 31,450, includ-
ing every state in the Union and ten foreign countries.
The work of the Association is carried on by the Executive Offices and by the
Department of Publications and Research. The retrenchment necessitated by the
war compelled the Association to give up its Legal Department before it was fairly
tested and to delay once more all ambitions for the thorough organization of its
work in the field, as well as to reduce the staff of the Executive Offices one-half,
which has meant double work for the remainder. Some idea of the work carried
by this staff, which now consists of the National Secretary, a bookkeeper and a
stenographer, may be inferred from the fact that two years ago, when the mem-
bership of the Association was only 300 and there were only three branches, it
used the same number on the staff of the Executive Offices. The Department of
Publications and Research, which has entire charge of The Crisis, has a staff
of seven, with over seven hundred agents in the field.

The Association finds itself this year in new and more adequate headquarters,
with a reserve fund in bank, and clear of debt except for certain liabilities of
The Crisis. The latter is now entirely self-supporting except for $1,300 of the
Editor's salary which the Association pays.

PUBLICITY
Publicity is the breath of life to a movement whose main object is to alter
public opinion, and we have continued to hammer and
at the barriers of silence
evasion with which this great national problem everywhere invested.
is

In addition to the publicity received through its official organ,

ANNUAL MEETING
AND ANNUAL the Association during the year has made distinct advance in

CONFERENCE program before the country in a series of notable

bringing its

meetings. The Annual Meeting in New York, with its stirring

addresses by Mr. Grimke and Mrs. La Folette, and Dr. Du Bois's scholarly paper
on farm segregation, the three days' Annual Conference in the Spring in Balti-
 ;

THE FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 287

more, the lecture tours of Mr. Villard and your Chairman in the Middle West,
and the meetings held by our branches all over the country, have made a creditable
record and brought our work to the attention of the press as never before.

The Conference at Baltimore should be a source of congratulation for many

reasons. It is the farthest South we have pushed, and it had the cooperation and
support of the colored people to a greater degree than any previous conference
its program contained some of the most distinguished names in the country, in-
cluding several Southerners. To accomplish this at the very threshold of the
South on our sixth birthday was no slight achievement. The Conference, from
its opening session in the Lyric Theatre, with an audience numbering 3,000,

through the post-Conference meetings in Washington and Memphis, was largely

attended by interested crowds who received the gospel of the New Abolitionism
with an enthusiasm and seriousness which significantly showed the field for the
Association's work in the South. The Association realizes that the success of its

Sixth Annual Conference was largely due to the enthusiasm and hard work of
the Baltimore Branch. A word should also be said in regard to the post-Con-
ference meeting at Memphis, where the Association presented- its ideals as a

challenge and a responsibility to the thousands of delegates to the National

Conference of Charities and Correction.

When Mr. Villard went West in May to attend the American

VILLARD AND - T _ T Ti .
,
,

Newspaper Congress in Lawrence, Kansas, he generously ar-

SPINGARN TOURS , . . . .
, A . ,f •
11
ranged to give part of his time to the Association, paying all

his own expenses. In the very limited time at his disposal, and in spite of the
pressure of many other engagements, he addressed eight meetings for the Associa-
tion in the following cities: St. Louis, Kansas City, Topeka, Indianapolis, and

Cleveland. These included meetings before local branches, city clubs, chambers
of commerce, and other organizations. Mr. Villard secured many new members
and made many warm friends for the Association, and his trip undoubtedly was
the cause of a more friendly feeling and of a better understanding of the Associa-
tion among newspaper men.

Your Chairman spent three weeks in January, 1914, in the Middle West, ad-
dressing meetings in Detroit, Chicago, Quincy, Kansas City, Topeka, St. Louis,
Indianapolis and Cleveland. A full account of this trip appeared in The Crisis
of March, 1914. He has just returned from his second annual tour, embracing
fourteen cities from Pittsburgh to Omaha and St. Paul, but he leaves it to his
successor to comment on the results of this second trip. He hopes, if sufficient

leisure permits, to cover the whole country in his successive tours.

The work of r before the country

the Association has been kept J by
branch . . . , , , , , ,
. . . . . ,

by our branches everywhere. Mention is made

series of meetings held
of a few only. The Sumner and Douglass meetings held by the District
of Columbia Branch early in the year, together with a well organized series of
smaller meetings held throughout the city of Washington, carried the message of
the Association to lodges, churches, schools, and to the masses of the people
everywhere. Boston was almost equally active and held several notable public
meetings to protest against segregation. The Louisville meeting in the summer;
288 THE CRISIS

launched a campaign against the new segregation ordinance in that city and

resulted in the organization of a branch of the Association.

At many of the branch meetings, notably Cleveland and St. Paul, there were
char-
distinguished speakers. Some of the branch meetings were of a distinctive
Seattle and others gave emancipation celebrations. Tacoma held a
Cole-
acter.
ridge-Taylor memorial. The Northern California Branch arranged a series of
educational meetings with paid lecturers as speakers. The Quincy Branch held
a two-days' inter-state conference on the race question which attracted repre-
sentatives from the surrounding states and many noted speakers. Chicago had
a two-days' bazaar, which resulted in raising funds to open permanent head-
quarters. These meetings have been held in branches as far south as El Paso,
Tex., and Shreveport, La.
Thepress notices of all these meetings make an encouraging showing. The
Conference received a gratifying amount of editorial comment, and many papers
carried telegraphic "stories." The Chairman's trip was widely noticed in the
press,and the work of the Association has received publicity in the colored press
as never before. Nothing gives us more encouragement than the growing sym-
pathy which we find expressed for our work in colored newspapers throughout
the country. In the white press a fairer attitude is on the whole discernable.
but silence or deliberate falsification of facts continues to be the rule in some
sections of the country.

LEGAL WORK
A largenumber of civil rights cases have been considered during the
year. The appeals varied from that of the Negro who complained be-
rights cause a restaurant had discriminated against him by serving him but
half a portion of an order, a single frankfurter, to that of the colored citizens of
Tampa who requested the aid of the Association in securing for the colored people
of that city library privileges in a new Carnegie institution now being constructed.
Largely through our efforts an improved Civil Rights Law was passed by
the New York Legislature some time ago, but it still falls short of being the
model statute which we had hoped to send forth for imitation to the legislatures
of all the states. Partly as a result of the defects of this law, partly because of
the lack of witnesses or the failure of complainants to follow up their cases,
partly because discrimination in ice cream parlors, pharmacies, and the like, is
not clearly included under the statute, partly because of the successful ruses of
defendants or the deliberate refusal of justice by prejudiced courts or juries, as
well as for other reasons, we have no definite victories to record in the courts of
New York during the past year. But elsewhere through our branches, we have
been successful in prosecuting a number of civil rights cases.
Baltimore succeeded through its attorneys, Messrs. McGuinn and Hawkins, in
acquitting George Howe, a colored man who shot into a mob bombarding his
house. This branch also succeeded in defeating the Frick Jim Crow Car Bill,
which, had it passed Maryland's legislature, would have been state wide in its
operation. The activity of the Baltimore Branch against the segregation ordi-
nance is mentioned elsewhere. Detroit fought fourteen cases of discrimination in
theatres and won four. Indianapolis secured the acquittal of two colored boys
convicted of carrying concealed weapons. The boys had been arrested as the
result of a fight with white boys who had been the aggressors in trying to prevent
the colored boys from using a swimming pool lying between the colored and
white base ball parks.
 THE FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 2S9

The Philadelphia branch took up the case of the bombardment of the home
of a colored woman who with her son and two daughters moved into a house in
West Philadelphia which she had purchased. A
mob of one thousand "neighbors"
turned off the street lights and bombarded the house doing great damage. The
local branch at once got in touch with the police department and for seven months
policemen guarded the house. This cost the city of Philadelphia $9.00 a day.
The courage of this woman in remaining in her house contrasted favorably with
that of a colored man whose family suffered the same treatment under almost
identical circumstances but who, when pressed by the Association to push his case
not only refused to prosecute or to stay on the ground but even declined to rent
or sell his house to a colored family so that the Association could make a test
case.

Here again, careful investigation indicates defects in the Civil Service

laws. The Association's attorney spent some time in investigating the
service The post-
di sc h arg e f colored clerks from the Atlanta Post Office.

master claimed the men dismissed were inefficient or dishonest. This was not
proved by the evidence of white people who testified to the contrary. No redress
ispossible while the present postmaster remains in office, nor can the race issue
be raised with the National Civil Service Commission until its personnel is
changed.
In Philadelphia the Association's first attempt to investigate the discharge of
post office employees was baffled by the men themselves who claimed that they
feared the attempts they were making to get certain politicians to redress their
grievances might be jeopardized by our efforts to help them. Later they applied
to the Association and the matter was taken up with the Civil Service Commission
with no results except to reveal defects in the civil service act which gives the
Commission no jurisdiction to review discharges from the classified service, even
if the clearest proofs of race prejudice can be given. The Commission can review

discharges only when proof is offered that they were for religious or political
reasons. The Civil Service Reform League has been requested to incorporate an
amendment in the civil service law to correct this and now lias the matter under
consideration.
The Association made an unsuccessful effort to secure the repeal of the
executive order requiring all candidates for civil service positions to file photo-
graphs with their applications. In spite of claims that this order is only for the
purpose of identification to prevent impersonation at examinations, it should be
remembered that since it has been in force in the Philippines no colored man has
received an appointment there.

segregation Our investigations and our agitation first called the attention
in government of the country to this matter, and we are continuing both our
departments investigations and our protests whenever needed.

The field of the Association's activities against segregation ordi-

nances extends from Birmingham, Alabama, to Harlem, New
in cities York, and as far west as St. Louis. The Baltimore branch has
won two cases and is now working on a third which it intends to carry to the
Supreme Court of the United States. The Louisville branch has engaged one
of the best law firms in the city to carry a test case to the United States Supreme
Court.
In Richmond, Va., the cases pending were investigated and it was decided
inadvisable to cooperate because of local conditions. If the case now pending
In Ashland, Va., is appealed to the Supreme Court the attorneys in charge will
ask our assistance. Birmingham, Alabama, has announced its intention of pass-
ing a segregation ordinance but after listening to protests from the local com-
290 THE CRISIS

mittee of colored people acting under our advice it was decided to

await the out-
come of the Louisville and Baltimore cases.
The segregation problem was raised in Harlem by the attempt to organize
a corporation in New York to remove colored people from certain sections in
Harlem in order to restore land values there. Plans to cooperate with the Na-
tional League on Urban Conditions among Negroes to meet this
condition were
abandoned temporarily because of the retrenchment necessitated by the war.
In concluding the legal report it is gratifying to note two victories, one of
them that of our President, Mr. Storey, who at the meeting of the American Bar
Association succeeded in rescinding the resolution passed two years before, which
declared that it was never contemplated that colored people should be admitted.
In its place a resolution was passed that application for membership must here-
after state race and sex and such other facts as the executive committee required.
In the case of Private Anderson, of Honolulu (see The Crisis, April, 1914),
sentenced by a court martial to five years imprisonment for burglariously entering
an officer's home, Mr. Villard personally interviewed the Judge Advocate General
in the army and also obtained an opinion on the case from Mr. Storey, John
Chipman Gray, and ex-Judge William G. Choate. The case was passed upon by
the Judge Advocate General, the Assistant Secretary of War and the Secretary
of War, and as a result Anderson was released. This does not undo the wrong
but saves him four and one-half years of imprisonment.
Since losing the valued services of Mr. Chapin Brinsmade our legal work has
been carried on by-Mr. Arthur B. Spingarn and Mr. Charles H. Studin, who have
generously donated their services.
We are at present advising with Mr. Storey and Mr. Boston in regard to
suits which the Association intends to bring to test the Jim-Crow law in Okla-
homa. These suits are being brought as the result of the experience of Mr. W.
Scott Brown who accompanied your Chairman on his recent speaking tour in
Oklahoma. Shortly after the Supreme Court of the United States refused to
declare the law unconstitutional, the Chairman paid a flying visit to Oklahoma,
the result of which has been to stiffen the backbone of colored opposition to the
Jim-Crow law of the state.
CONGRESS
Undoubtedly the most important work of the year has been the Associa-
tion's vigilance and activity in opposing hostile legislation in Washington. For
over a year it has employed a man in each branch of Congress. These men are
experts, newspaper men who are trained especially for legislative work. They
keep in the closest touch with New York Headquarters and with the District of
Columbia Branch, which acts as a Congressional Committee and takes the lead
in the local campaign against hostile bills. As soon as word is received of a
discriminating measure the Association immediately wires its branches urging
them to influence their representatives in Congress to vote against it. Officers,
directors and friends of the Association cooperate personally and when neces-
sary representatives are sent to Washington to appear at Committee hearings.
No better example of the way the Association is able to work through its
branches can be given than the following letter from Judge Brown of the Ap-
pellate Court of Illinois, who is President of the Chicago Branch.

Illinois Appellate Court; Chambers of Mr. Justice Brown.

Chicago, January 15, 1915.
My Dear Dr. Bentley:
In compliance with your request over the telephone, I take pleasure in sending you a
report of the action taken in hehalf of our Branch of the National Association in relation
to the legislation concerning Negro aliens and also the legislation which passed the House
 THE FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 291

of Representatives concerning intermarriage in the District of Columbia. Immediately upon

the passage of the Immigration Act with its prohibition of the admission of Negro aliens,
1 telegraphed for the Branch to the Hon. James Mann, the Hon. Martin Madden, the
Hon. Adolph Sabath, in the House of Representatives, protesting against the said amend-
ment and asking them to exert their utmost efforts to defeat it. In these telegrams your-
self, Mr. Allinson, Jane Addams, George Packard, Robert McMurdy and Sophonisba Breck-
enridge personally joined. I also telegraphed for the Branch to the President, requesting
him to veto the Immigration Bill if it came to him with the prohibition of Negro aliens.
The action of the gentlemen named in the House perhaps shows that the telegrams were
not needed, but they could have done no harm, and upon the result, from whatever cause,
we may congratulate ourselves. The telegram to the President was courteously acknowl-
edged by his Secretary, who said that it would be brought to his attention.
Immediately upon being informed by the press of the passage of the Anti-intermar-
riage bill, I telegraphed a long night letter to each of our Senators. Senator Lewis was
at Hot Springs, Arkansas, 111. Senator Sherman was in Washington, and telegrams were
addressed to them at these respective points. We referred them to letters written to them
in relation to the matter when the bill was before Congress at its last session. We renewed
our protest against the legislation, pointing out its injustice, its inexpediency and its futility,
and especially indicating both its offensiveness as a studied insult to the Negro race and
the great wrong that it did in taking away from some women the protection which the law
afforded to others against men who would take advantage of them. We asked each Senator
to exert his influence against the passage of this Act by the Senate. I also addressed a
telegram in the name of the Branch by myself as its President, to a dear friend of mine,
who is a Democratic member of the House from another State, who has a close acquaint-
ance with many Democratic Senators. I have received from him an acknowledgment of
my letter, an expression of sympathy with its object and a promise immediately to use
his influence in the line indicated. I am,

Very truly yours,

(Signed) E. O. Brown.

Following these methods, the Association was able during the year to act
upon a flood of discriminating legislation, including anti-intermarriage bills.

Jim Crow bills, a bill making Negroes ineligible for service in the army and
navy, and residential segregation bills for the District of Columbia. In addition
proposed legislation on the subject of rural credits,, the University of the United
States, vocational education, the extension of the Interstate Commerce Com-
mission's jurisdiction to carriers by water, was examined for jokers. Among
the bills stifled was the Clark Jim Crow car bill. Such pressure was put on the
House to prevent its passage that rather than have it come to a vote it was voted
10 lay aside District Day, which is the only day on which measures relating to

the District of Columbia can be considered. The Clark Bill now goes over until
the next Congress where it will probably be defeated most decisively.

Whenever possible these bills have been stifled in committee. When neces-
sary to fight in the open the Association has done so. When the Aswell-Ed-
wards bill proposing to segregate civil service employees throughout the country
came before the Civil Service Reform Committee, Mr. Grimke, President of
the District of Columbia Branch, appeared before the Committee, and as a re-
sult of his arguments the bill was never reported. Our fight on the Smith-
Lever Bill was not successful. As soon as this was reported to us by our. legis-
lative agent it was discovered that though the colored farmers of the South
might or might not receive any of the millions which the bill appropriated for
agricultural extension work, no specific provision was made for them. To in-
sure colored farmers a fair share of the moneys appropriated the Association
persuaded Senator Jones to introduce an amendment providing for this. A
scholarly memorandum supporting this amendment was then prepared by Dr.
Du Bois and Mr. Brinsmade and sent to every member of Congress. Both Dr.
292 THE CRISIS

Du Bois and Mr. Brinsmade went to Washington to attend the hearings on the
bill and to interview Congressmen.
The fight on this amendment lasted for over two days. A substitute, the
Shafroth Amendment, was offered, passed by the Senate and then lost. But
raising the issue had its effect. Although the allotment of funds is in the hands
of the state legislatures, the final disposition really rests with the Secretary of
Agriculture, and if he should permit abuse by the states in allotting these funds,
the whole matter can be brought up again and thrashed put in Congress. The
fight over this bill brought the whole race issue squarely before Congress and
before the country, to the surprise and disgust of the more conservative Demo-
crats who were anxious to keep it in the background and little dreamed of its
becoming conspicuous as a part of an agricultural extension measure. The de-
bate on the bill was printed in the Congressional Record. A letter of protest
from this Association was read on the floor of the Senate and also appeared in
the Record with comments calling attention to the prominent people the Associa-
tion included in its membership. The name of the Association appeared again
and again in the debate and speeches were made by Senators Jones, Clapp,
Smith of Michigan, Sherman, Gallinger, Root and others championing our cause.
Senator Works of California read a telegram of protest received from our
Northern California Branch. Most important of all was the fact that our part
in the fight was made clear to. the people of the country by the press which gave
it the widest publicity.
We cannot close the account of the Association's work of the year in Con-
gress without a mention of its activity in securing the reappointment of Judge
Terrell who had been nominated by the President. Senator Vardaman had wide-
ly announced his intention of defeating Judge Terrell's confirmation. The Asso-
ciation sent an open letter to Senator Clapp which was published widely in the
oress to call the attention of the country to the fact that the Southern senators
were openly making color a reason for declining to affirm an appointment of the
President. Judge Terrell's record on the bench was such that these Senators
were unable to find any pretext for this opposition. They were forced to come
out in the open. Senator Clapp led the fight to secure favorable action by the
Senate on the nomination and was successful.
In order to bring the race issue before the incoming Congress a question-
naire was sent to all candidates asking them in answer to certain questions to
state definitely where they stood. Their answers or their failure to answer were'
printed and distributed before election by the Association's branches throughout
the country. Particular attention was paid to the pivotal states where the
colored vote is of strategic importance. Results were also published in The
Crisis, where the Association regularly prints a record of the vote on all legisla-

tion discriminating against the Negro. To quote the summary of the results of
this questionnaire given in The Crisis: "Perhaps the most striking thing about
all these answers number of people who frankly say they are not informed
is the
on the Negro problem. They simply 'do not know the facts.' This is the
severest condemnation of the past attitude of the colored people and their friends
that could possibly be made. It is the business of people who want wrongs
righted to let the world know just what the wrongs are." Should the Associa-
 THE FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 293

tion have followed the advice of Mr. Peter Ten Eyck, candidate for representa-
tive from the Twenty-eighth District of New York, one does not like to con-
template what might have been the position of the colored people in the District
of Columbia and ultimately in the whole country. Mr. Ten Eyck in answer to
our questionnaire wrote, 'Tt is my advice to you to stop agitating the things
which you have outlined in your letter until such time that you find that the
wild rumors are liable to become a reality."

We congratulate ourselves on the fact that, despite the overwhelming

may
Southern majority in Congress, not a single bill which was directly on its face

intended to humiliate or repress colored men and women, was permitted to pass
during the year 1914. We do not ask that all the credit for this achievement

be given to our Association, but if this Association had never existed it is almost
certain that some or all of these bills would have passed. The District of Co-

lumbia Branch has been on-the firing line in all this work; circumstances have
given it the post of labor and of danger arid therefore the post of honor; and all
men owe it a debt of gratitude for what it has accomplished.

Before concluding it would be unjust not to express a word of apprecia-

tion for the work which has been rendered by our two heads of depart-
STAFF
ments. The Crisis is our chief organ of publicity; it is also one of the
standard bearers of the world's ideals. This position it owes to the talent and
energy of its editor who, at his own suggestion, now receives the cooperation
and advice of a special committee of the Board in the carrying on of his work.
Our Secretary has devoted an extraordinary energy and resource to our many
problems, and has performed the tasks of three ordinary men. Without her
indefatigable loyalty, would have been impossible to carry on our work with so
it

little help. It is only fair to add that the clerks in both offices have proved that

colored men and women can work as efficiently as white men and women, and
with at least equal loyalty to their daily tasks.

CONCLUSION
The American people on the race question now stands as fol-
record of the
lows. During the year just passed some seventy colored men and women were
lynched without trial and in many cases with barbaric torture. Segregation ordi-
nances restricting the property rights of colored people have passed or are pend-
ing in some of our largest cities, including Baltimore, Richmond, Louisville, and
St. Louis. Legislation opposed to the interests of colored people has been intro-
duced into the legislature of nearly every state in the Union during the last few
years. Farm segregation is being agitated in the South. It is not unfair to
say that at this very moment an orgy of Negro-baiting is going on in Congress.
Out of eleven million people, including 1,600,000 men of voting age who can
read and write, only 550,000 were permitted to vote at the last Presidential
election. The Supreme Court of the United States has virtually declared that
the colored man has no civil rights, and has refused redress on one ground or
another to every case that has come before it. All this does not take account

(Continued on page 296)

294 THE CRISIS

"HE 'ROSE"
A Negro Folk Song- for Eastertide
(Hampton Collection)

Transcribed for the CRISIS by

J.ROSAMOND JOHNSON.
Dust! Dust and ashes Nor death's cold iron band!
Fly over on my grave: He 'rose!
They crucified my Saviour He 'rose, He 'rose from the dead,
And nailed Him to the Cross! And the Lord shall bear
The cold grave couldn't hold Him, My spirit home!

Andante sustenuto.

I 'iUJLjJJ i -ag Wr-1

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Publication rights reserved by J. Rosamond Johnson.

 THE FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 295

8™ -.loco
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He Hose i
 : : :

296 THE CRISIS

(Continued from page 293)

of the daily humiliations, persecutions, and wrongs to which the American Ne-
gro is subjected, or the political, economic and social opportunities which are

withheld from him. Certainly our labors have but begun. Certainly we should
dedicate ourselves anew to the great task of securing justice to all who have
the right to share the opportunities of our democracy. Our task like that of
the old Abolitionists, is to "alter public opinion." But whereas they fought for
men whom they considered essentially unlike themselves, we fight side by side
with men whom we know to be essentially like ourselves. Their weapon was
the oid idealism, ours not only the old idealism but the new science. We know,
as they did not know, that race is but historical opportunity, and nationality but
funded ideals. To make the world realize these truths we must use every pos-
sible effort and endure every possible sacrifice.

"For freedom sternly says : I shun

No strife or pang beneath the sun
When human rights are staked and won."

J. E. Spingarn,

February 12, 1915 Chairman, Board of Directors.

Report of the Director of Publications and Research

The business of The Crisis as certified to by F. J. Batchelder, C. P.. A.,
our auditor, is as follows

The Crisis Revenue and Expense Account, 1914

Balance Sheet
EXPENSES ASSETS
Publishing ,
$10,089.82 Cash $115.40
Salaries 4,006.48 Accounts receivable, advrs. 1,389.82
General expenses ,
2,559.30 Accounts receivable, agents 2,048.27
Bad debts ,
1,781.25 Books on hand 322.64
Postage 1,682.65 Petty cash fund 25.00
Stationery and supplies. . ,
957.01 Furniture and fixtures. . . . 1,871.32
Depreciation on furniture, 98.49
$5,772.45
liabilities
$21,175.00
Net profit 949.00 Accounts payable
Harvey Press $126.25
N. A. A. C. P 9.30
$22,124.00 Loans payable
revenue W. E. B. Du Bois 966.85
Sales of copies $12,794.31 Mrs. Hoggan 484.05
Subscriptions. . . 5,608.65
Advertising 2,703.89 $1,586.45
Profit on books 1,017.95 Net worth 4,186.00

$22,124.00 $5,772.45
 : : :

THE FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 297

first issue of The Crisis, in November, 1910, to January 1st, 1915,

Since the
the totalincome has been $58,766.40. If we take the first four full years of the
magazine (November, 1910-November, 1914), we have these figures:
First year '.

$5,219.94
. . Fourth year 21,315.36
Second year 12,291.83
Third year 17,006.64 Or a total income of $55,836.77
This income has been expended as follows
For printing $30,788.18 For general expenses, in-
For salaries 9,513.71 cluding rent, supplies,
For capital 3,732.97 books, etc. 7,059.96
For postage 4,741.95
The Crisis has distributed one million one hundred and
Since publication
fifty thousand magazines of which considerably over 1,000,000 copies was net
paid circulation. The average net paid circulation for the year 1914 has been
31,450 copies monthly which is a circulation more than twice as large as any
other Negro publication. We circulate in every state and territory, in Mexico,
South America, Hawaii and the West Indies and in Europe, Asia, Africa and
the South Seas.
Usually a magazine is allowed five years to become self-supporting. We
had hoped to accomplish this in four years but the war delayed us. To-day The
Crisis is paying all its expenses of over $20,000 except $1,300 of the editor's
salary which the Association will carry for another year. On January 1st, 1916,
The Crisis will be financially independent unless the war and its aftermath
change the present probabilities.
The present organization of The Crisis includes five offices covering 1,300
feet of floor space on the fifth floor of 70 Fifth Avenue, New York City; the
force consists of an editor, a business manager, a shipping clerk, a bookkeeper,
and three other clerks, and stenographers; we have over seven hundred regular
agents in the field. W. E. B. Du Bois,
January 1, 1915 Director of Publications and' Research.
o o o o o

Report of the Treasurer

The accounts of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored
People, as certified by F. J. Batchelder, C. P. A., our auditor, are as follows
N. A. A. C. P. Revenue and Expense Account, 1914
expenses Balance Sheet, December 31, 1914
Salaries $7,395.34 assets
General expenses 2,606.15 Cash in banks $1,374.04
Printing 1,613.53 Petty cash fund 25.00
Traveling expense 879.51 Due from "Crisis" 9.30
Postage Pins on hand 130.92
Depreciation on furniture. 96.80 Furniture and fixtures .... 876.65

$13,460.16 $2,415.91
Net gain 570.54
LIABILITIES
$14,030.70 Special funds reserved
REVENUE Maclean Memorial 302.90
Memberships $5,661.19 Fed. Aid Educational.. 195.63
Donations : 8,334.81
Literature sold 18.70 $498.53
Profit on pins sold 16.00 Net worth 1,917.38

$14,030.70 $2,415.91
 : : —
;

298 THE CRISIS

It is gratifying to note that in spite of the decrease in our -income brought

about by the war, the Association can report itself out of debt with a substantial
balance in bank. Its net gain for the year is almost $600 and its net worth
over $1,900.
An analysis of the membership list shows that eighty per cent, are colored
and twenty per cent, white. The membership falls into the following, classes
y
75 per cent., $1.00; 10 per cent., $2.00; 2 per cent., $3.00; y* per cent, $4.00
14 per cent., $5.00 and up.
Since fifty cents of each membership fee is returned to branches the balance
of the one-dollar fees barely covers the clerical work involved in making the
necessary membership records and the cost of literature sent out. As every
member paying two dollars and more gets The Crisis, there is also no gain to
the Association on memberships of two dollars. In other words, the Association
is supported by 15 per cent, of its membership. This includes nine contributors
of $100 each, one of $300, three of $500 each, three of $1,000 each, and two of
$2,000 each also contributions from branches, the most generous of which came
;

from the District of Columbia Branch which gave almost $2,000 during 1914.
Boston and Baltimore have also sent generous donations to the work and other
branches contributing were Indianapolis, Kansas City, Northern California and
Seattle.
The preceding financial report by a certified public accountant shows ex-
pense and revenue only. It is interesting to note in this connection that since the
Association's books were opened in May, 1911, its income has been as follows,
that for 1914 being within about $300 of that of the previous year despite the
financial depression

1912 $11,815.15 1914 15,237.98

1913 15,526.85

February 12, 1915 Oswald Garrison Villard, Treasurer.

Report of the Secretary

The Secretary has charge of the executive offices of the Association. In
addition to the work of securing new members and subscribers to The Crisis,
the work of the Secretary includes the organization and supervision of branches
and other field work such as arranging speaking tours and supplying lecturers
for miscellaneous meetings work with Congress some legal work press work
; ;
;

correspondence and the financial work of the Association.

;

Membership and branches have increased as follows

1912 1913 1914 1915
Membership 329 1,100 3,000 6,000
Branches and Locals 3 10 24 50

This increase in membership has been secured by appeals to individuals, by

sending out circular letters, by public meetings, through branches and The
Crisis, and especially as a result of the lecture tours of Mr. Villard and the
Chairman, who not only gave their services to the Association but also paid all
their own expenses. The total number joining as a result of the Chairman's
second western trip ending in January, 1915, probably will reach 1,000. The
success of this trip was largely due to Mrs. Butler R. Wilson and Miss Kathryn
M. Johnson who preceded him addressing a series of advance meetings in the
cities in which he was to speak and getting in touch with the communities in
general.
 THE FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 299

In this arduous work Mrs. Wilson generously gave her services to the Asso-
ciation and as a tribute to the success of the work she is doing for the cause in
New England, a committee of interested women in Boston paid one-half of her
expenses. In addition to this western trip which included Pittsburgh, Columbus,
Springfield, Dayton, Cincinnati and Toledo, Mrs. Wilson also addressed meetings
for the Association in East Orange and spoke in New York at the Friends School,
at a parlor meeting at the home of Mrs. Villard, before the Forum of the Church
of the Messiah and at the Fifth Avenue Suffrage Shop, everywhere receiving a
sympathetic and often enthusiastic response and arousing great interest in the
work of the Association.
As an experiment early in the year almost 3,000 people were circularized for
membership with an expenditure of a little over $200 and a return of $224.
Seventy new members were added and fifty subscribers to The Crisis secured.
Of the former about forty are members paying five dollars or more.

congress and The Association's work in Congress and its legal work are re-
ported upon in detail by the Chairman. The Secretary's office
acts as a clearing house for all information from Congress in
regard to legislation affecting colored people. From here news of it is sent to
branches and friends all over the country. Since the Legal Department has been
given up, much of the prelimniary interviewing and correspondence in legal cases
falls on this office. During the year a new form of constitution and by-laws for
the Association's branches was made and submitted for approval.

press Although this work necessarily has been somewhat spasmodic, the results
have been encouraging for the effort and time put upon it. In addition
to the publicity given the annual conference when the work was done by
an expert, the press has given considerable space to the Association's work for
the Jones Amendment to the Smith-Lever Bill, the fight for Judge Terrell's
reappointment, the western trips of Mr. Villard and our Chairman, and to some
of our larger meetings mentioned elsewhere. A
few articles have been published
in periodicals.

corres-
Almost 30,000 pieces of first class mail were sent out during 1914
from the executive offices. At least 10,000 of these were individual
pondence letters, the balance being form letters. The second class mail totalled
over 43,000 pieces. Since the retrenchment necessitated by the war forced the
executive offices to dispense with its mailing clerk, this work now falls on the
bookkeeper who also has entire charge of the membership list of 6,000 and of
the filing of correspondence. All the stenographic work is carried on one stenog-
rapher.

finance Without the active assistance of our Treasurer, the Association would
soon be bankrupt. It has never had an active budget committee. The
actual work of this committee falls on the Secretary's office where each month
hundreds of letters are sent to members, delinquents and possible contributors.
It is this persistent effort which has enabled the Association to close this
year of
financial depression out of debt and with a balance in bank.

board of The Association is fortunate in having a Board which is ready and

directors
w ^ un S
t0 give personal and active assistance to the work. The work
of Miss Ovington and Mr. Kennaday on The Crisis Committee, of
Dr. Holmes and Mr. Russell in making addresses for the Association, of Dr.
Bentley and Mrs. Kelley in giving advice, and of various others, has made it
easier for the executive officers of the Association to get results.
 300 THE CRISIS

BRANCHES
[*Starred branches are mentioned also the reports of the Chairman and Treasurer.]
in

Many of these branches have been chartered too recently to make it possible for them
to submit anything but a brief routine report which has not been printed. The organization
and supervision of branches is at present very unsatisfactory since it has to be done largely
through correspondence. The Association should have at least two agents in the field con-
stantly. Almost all the branches are doing effective work. The District of Columbia
Branch leads with a membership of 900, Boston has 567, Baltimore runs a close second with
556 and among the younger branches Cleveland has the largest number, 250. brief A
summary of their more important work follows, all of which has been described more fully
from time to time in The Crisis.

ALTON, ILL.

Dr. George L. Samuels President Mrs. Anna Gillis (1200 Wise St.) . . .Secretary
Mr. H. B. Coats Vice President Mr. Joel Russell Treasurer
Executive Committee
Mr. H. B. Coats, Chairman Mr. H. B. Hunter
Miss H. I. Robinson Mrs. Mary Samuels
Mr. Joseph Craig _ Mrs. I. H. Kelley

* BALTIMORE, MD.
Dr. F. N. Cardozo President Miss Margaret A. Flagg (1405 Arglye Ave.)
Mr. George B. Murphy Vice President Cor. Secretary
Miss Ethel A. Lewis Rec. Secretary Dr. H. S. McCard Treasurer
Miss Lucy D. Slowe Asst. Rec. Secretary Mr. W. Ashbie Hawkins Attorney
Executive Committee
Mr. George B. Murphy, Chairman Mr. E. B. Taylor
Mr. D. O. W. Holmes Mr. Julius C. Johnson
Mr. W. T. McGuinn Rev. L. Z. Johnson
Dr. A. O. Reid Rev. J. R. L. Diggs
Mr. W. Ashbie Hawkins

The success of the Conferencewas largely due to this branch which contributed five
hundred dollars in cash toward its expense and secured over two hundred new members
during its three days' session. The branch has held thirty-three meetings during the year
including several mass meetings and has given two concerts for the benefit of the Association.
Its legal work, which has been brilliant, is described in the Chairman's report.

BOSTON, MASS.
Mr. Francis J. Garrison President Mr. Butler R. Wilson (34 School Street)
Mr. George G. Bradford Treasurer Secretary

Executive Committee
Mr. Joseph P. Loud, Chairman Dr. Horace G. Bumstead
Miss Maria L. Baldwin Miss Adelene Moffat
Mrs. May H. Loud Rev. Samuel A. Brown

Boston has held one hundred and twenty-one meetings including eighty-one parlor
meetings, church and club meetings, reaching in this way eight thousand people. Early in
the year the branch gave a reception at the Twentieth Century Club for the national officers
of the Association. Through the efforts of Mrs. Butler R. Wilson, fifty-eight colored women
arranged a series of musicales and dances which netted sixty dollars for the Association.
Under the direction of Mrs. Francis J. Garrison, a committee of twelve ladies gave a concert
at the home of the Misses Mason and sent the proceeds, $278, to the Association. At this
concert the Caroline Belcher Quartette volunteered their services.
The victory of the branch in persuading the Boston School Committee to withdraw
from the schools a book entitled "Forty Best Songs," which contained words objectionable
to colored people, was more far reaching than perhaps was realized at the time. This book
was published by one of the leading text book companies of America. As soon as Southern
representatives of this publishing house heard of the agitation in Boston, they wired for the
whole edition, saying that they would have an increased market for the books in the South,
because of the advertisement given them in Boston. They were advised that the firm had
decided to withdraw the entire edition.
 THE FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 301

BUFFALO, N. Y.

Mr Tohn E Brent President Miss Amelia G. Anderson (106 Walnut St.)

Secretary
Vice President Mr. Cornelius Ford Treasurer
Rev. Philip L. Frick

* CALIFORNIA, NORTHERN
Miss Eva B. Jones (1929 Linden Oakland)
Mr Walter A Butler President St.,
Secretary
Vice President Mrs. H. E. De Hart Treasurer
Rev. David R. Wallace
Directors

Rev. David R. Wallace, Chairman Mr. B. O. Johnson

Mrs. Lutie Gilbert Mrs. Elizabeth Brown
Mrs. T. Tighman Miss Charlotte A. Whitney
Mr. William N. Ricks Mrs. M. E. Terrell

This branch 'has been successful in having discriminating signs removed from cheap
restaurants and in getting favorable notice in the local press for the work of the Association
including some editorial comment.

CHICAGO, ILL.

Judge E. O. Brown President Mr. T. W. Allinson (701 West 14th Place)

Mr. S. Laing Williams Vice President Secretary
Mr. T. W. Allinson Treasurer Mr. George R. Arthur Asst. Secretary

Directors
Miss Tane Addams Mr. Charles R. Crane Mr. Robert McMurdy .

Dr. C. E. Bentley Dr. George C. Hall Mr. George Packard

Mrs. Emmons Blaine Mr. Charles T. Hallinan Mr. Julius Rosenwald
Miss S. P. Breckenridge Mr. Jenkin Lloyd Jones Miss Garnetta Tibbs

Chicago has held several large and successful meetings culminating in a two days'
summer tent festival which netted the branch over $400 which is to be used as the nucleus
of a fund for the establishment of permanent headquarters.

* CLEVELAND, O.

Mr. Roddy K. .Moon President Mr. S. P. Keeble (2158 East 43rd Street;
Secretary
Mrs. Sarah Mitchell Bailey Vice President
Mr. C. F. Hunnicutt Treasurer
Executive Committee
Rev. Elam A. White Mr. Theodore B. Green
Rev. H. C. Bailey Mr. Chas. W. Chesnutt
Mr. Alexander H. Martin Judge M. Kennedy T
The Cleveland Branch has checked indiscriminate arrests of colored men which were
caused by a rumor that a Negro had attacked a patrolman and has taken the initiative in
getting two colored people on the General Welfare Council of the city. In this it had the
cooperation of several other organizations.

CORNELL UNIVERSITY, N. Y.
Mr. H. B. Murray... President Mr. G. J. Rich (Cornell University)
Mr. B. H. Stash Vice President Cor Secretary
Mr. R. B. P. Waller Secretary Mr. J. M. Ballou .Treasurer

DETROIT, MICH.
Mr. William Osby President Miss Addie Butler Rec. Secretary
Dr. A. H. Johnson Vice President ,.,
Mr ...u
WaIter T . _
Rev. R. W. Bagnall (329 Antoine Street) " Johnson Treasurer
Secretary Mr. Francis H. Warren Attorney
In February, this branch smothered an anti-intermarriage bill in the Michigan Legisla-
ture. It has fought fourteen civil rights cases and won four. It has secured the
appointment
of two colored detectives to the' police force.
 :

302 THE CRISIS

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Mr. Archibald H. Grimke President Mr. W. B. Hartgrove (1428 Florida Avenue,
Miss Charlotte E. Hunter Vice President
Mr. Garnet C. Wilkinson N. W.)
Treasurer Secretary
Executive Committee
Miss Charlotte E. Hunter, Chairman Mrs. Julia Mason Layton
Mr. L. M. Hershaw Rev. A. C. Garner
Mr. Neval H. Thomas Prof. George W. Cook

The field of the work of this branch is both local and national in scope. The results of
itslocal work may be summarized as follows
A petition of protest to the White House because colored people were not represented
in local civic welfare organizations.
The reinstatement of three men discharged as a result of abolishing the Street Station U
of the Post Office.
The reinstatement as watchman of a government employee who, after being reduced
from the grade of clerk to laborer had been dismissed.
Successful agitation to compel the commencement of work on the new colored high
school.
Checking of discrimination in the restaurant of one of the large department stores.
Attempting to secure positions for colored boys and girls in the District of Columbia
public library.
Securing assurances from the Board of Education that moving pictures on educational
topics for the public schools should be enjoyedby colored pupils.
The work of the branch in Congress, which is of national significance, has been reported

upon by the Chairman.

The Branch has several important standing committees The Committee of Fifty and
:

More, Prof. George Cook, Chairman, which, during the year raised almost $2,000 for the
Association the Drama Committee, Mrs. Laura B. Glenn, Chairman, which is studying ways
;

and means of utilizing the stage in the service of the cause; the Juvenile Committee, Mrs.
Carrie W. Clifford, Chairman, which has the problem of organizing a Juvenile department
for the National Association and the Committee on Songs, Miss Harriet Shadd, Chairman,
which is making up a collection of songs to be used at public meetings by our branches every-
where. The songs include a number of original compositions.

EAST ORANGE, N. J.

Dr. George Woodson President Mr. Fred Buford Asst. Secretary

Mr. J. W. Hudspeth Vice President Mrs. Lizzie Sears Treasurer
Mr. W. P. Burrell (32 Jones St.) .Secretary . Mrs. H. C. Crawford , Chaplain

Executive Committee
Dr. George Woodson Mr. C. F. Tinsley Mr. W. R. Lomax
Mr. J. W. Hudspeth Dr. W. G. Alexander Mr. J. B. Selden '

Mr. W. P. Burrell Mr. W. H. Easley Rev. G. W. Krygar

Mrs. Lizzie Sears Mrs. Lottie Cooper Rev. J. E. Churchman

* EL PASO, TEX.
Mr. Jasper B. Williams President Mr. Burlie A. Mabrey (1201 East 2nd Street)
Prof. William Coleman Treasurer Secretary

Executive Committee
Mr. Jasper B. Williams, Chairman Dr. L. A. Nixon
Mr. S. M. Collins Dr. J. H. Donnell
Mr. L. W. Washington Mr. John Slater
Mr. John F. Kelley

HARRISBURG, PA.
Dr. C. L. Carter President Dr. Stephen J. Lewis (609 Boas Street)
Secretary
Mr. Frank N. Robinson Vice President Mr. James Auter Treasurer
Executive Committee
Mr. Robert J. Nelson Mr. A. Denee Bibb Mr. Frank L. Jefferson
Dr. C. L. Carter Miss Clara E. Reed Mr. C. S. Jackson
Mr. James M. Auter Mr. W. Justin Carter Mr. F. N. Robinson
Dr. Stephen J. Lewis Rev. E. L. Cunningham Dr. C. H. Crampton
Rev. U. G. Leeper
 THE FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 303

In spite of the defects Pennsylvania Civil Rights Act, Harrisburq has won a
in the
number of civil rights cases. Lunch case, brought by Dr. Carter, the'
In the Davenport
President of the branch, it was agreed to settle when the defendant offered to go before the
Board of Aldermen and admit his violation of the law and to put himself on record as
opening his place with equal accommodations for all. He paid all costs in the case.
Even more encouraging was the branch's victory over a local moving picture theatre.
According had the following notice posted at the
to witnesses, the proprietor of this theatre
ticket office "The balcony of this theatre is provided for our colored patrons. If you do
:

not wish to sit in the balcony, do not purchase tickets, as they will not be honored in any
other section of the theatre." In giving his decision in the case, Judge McCarrell ruled that
to reserve a certain section of a public amusement house for the special accommodation of
the white race and to deprive colored patrons of the right to occupy that particular section,
is a discrimination against the colored race and a violation of the criminal statute
and
punishable by a fine. This decision is the first of its kind by a Dauphin County Court judge.

HOWARD UNIVERSITY, D. C.

Mr. R. McCants Andrews President Mr. George E. Hall (326 T Street, N. W.)
Miss M. Frances Gunner Vice President Cor. Secretary
Mr. George E. Brice Rec. Secretary Mr. W. D. Delainey Treasurer

Executive Committee
Miss Eulalia Lane, Chairman Mr. L. G. Koger
Mr. W. A. Pollard Mr. M. B. McAden
Mr. W. E. Ricks Mr. C. C. Stuart
Mr. E. C. Terry

This was the first college chapter chartered. From the beginning it has set a high
standard for other chapters. As a student organization, it has devoted itself especially to
the study of the race question and to spreading the propaganda of the N. A. A. C. P. by
sending speakers to other colleges, by correspondence, and by distributing literature broad-
cast. Whenever practicable it has cooperated with the District of Columbia Branch. The
dispatch with which briefs protesting against the Afro-Exclusion amendment to the Immi-
gration Bill were distributed to members of Congress was largely due to the energy of the
students of the Howard Chapter. It has offered a prize for the best essay on "What Should
be the Objects of a College Chapter of the N. A. A. C. P." The prize is an engraving of
Garrison framed, the gift of Mrs. Henry Villard.

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
Mr. Robert L. Brokenburr President Mrs. S.B.Henderson (2850 Boulevard Place)
Vice President „ Secretary
Mrs. Beulah Porter 1st »,. c
.

Miss Fannie Brown

.
L
*
Asst. Secretary
Mrs.' Mattie Dangerfield. .2nd Vice President Mrs. Cora Willis Treasurer

TheIndianapolis Branch has increased its membership to 200. It has held a series of
meetings and in the Spring gave a children's festival. In its legal work it won an important
victory described in the report of the Chairman.

KANSAS CITY, KANSAS AND MISSOURI

Mr. J. Dallas Bowser President Mrs. Myrtle F. Todd Treasurer
Dr. Howard V. Smith Vice President Mr. Woody E. Jacobs Secretary

Executive Committee
Mr. H. O. Cook Miss Anna Jones Mr. W. C. Hueston
Mr. I. F. Bradley Mr. G. A. Gregg

Kansas City was successful in its agitation against segregation and Jim Crow street
cars. protested against the refusal of a large factory in Kansas City to admit colored
It also
welfare workers and has received assurances that in the future no such discrimination will
be made. It succeeded in persuading the local Park Commissioners to reverse their decision
in regard to Garrison Square which had been originally intended for Negroes, but which the
Park Commissioners had decided to give to Italians before the branch protested. It success-
fully contested state bills against intermarriage.
 304 THE CRISIS

LOS ANGELES, CAL.

Dr. Charles Edward Locke President Mr. E. Burton Ceruti (501 Thorpe Building)
Secretary
Dr. A. Somerville 1st Vice President ,, c ~,
Mrs. n
J. . •
* *
Beatrice S. Thompson. . .Asst. Secretary
Hon. Reynold E. Blight... 2nd Vice President Mrs. Morgan E. Robinson Treasurer

Executive Committee
Dr. A. C. Garrott, Chairman Mr. F. H. Crumbly
Rev. W. T. Cleghorn Mr. J. H. Shackleford
Dr. J. S. Outlaw Prof. Charles Alexander

*LOUISVILLE, KY.
Mr. William Warley President Mr. J. H. Butcher (1717 West Chestnut St.)
Mr. C. H. Bullock Treasurer Secretary

Executive Committee
Dr. A. C. Mclntyre Mr. S. O. Johnson Rev. C. H. Parrish
Dr. J. A. C. Lattimore Dr. R. B. Scott Mrs. Nolan King

MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
Dr. S. N. Deinard President Mr. Gale P. Hilyer (2441 Fifth Avenue, S.)
Dr. J. H. Redd Treasurer Secretary

Executive Committee
Mr. William R. Morris, Chairman Mr. R. Skinner
Hon. Albert H. Hall Miss Sarah Marshall
Judge E. F. Waite Miss Eva Walker
Rev. Thomas E. Cullen Dr. S. N. Deinard
Hon. B. S. Smith Dr. R. S. Brown

NEWARK, N. J.

Rev. J. R. Waters President Mr. R. W.

Stewart (512 Metropolitan Bldg.)
Secretary
Mr. John S. Pinkman Treasurer Miss Alverta Harris Asst. Secretary

Executive Committee
Dr. W. R. Granger, Chairman Mr. George A. Douglass
Dr. E. F. Eggleston Mr. T. W. Doubley
Mr. D. D. Woody Mr. A. C. Fletcher

* PHILADELPHIA, PA.
Mr. Ellwood Heacock President Mr. Isadore Martin (6 North 42d Street)
Dr. J. Max Barber 1st Vice President Secretary
Mrs. S. W. Layten 2d Vice President Mr. R. R. Porter Bradford Treasurer

Executive Committee
Mr. George H. White Miss Frances Bartholomew
Rev. Richard R. Wright, Jr. Miss Addie W. Dickerson
Mrs. Mary Murdah Mr. Ellwood Heacock
Mr. James G. Davis Dr. J. Max Barber
Rabbi Eli Mayer Mrs. S. W. Layten
Bishop J. S. Caldwell Mr. Isadore Martin
Rev. E. W. Moore Mr. R. R. Porter Bradford

Mr. William M. Randolph
Dr. John W. Brown
Rabbi Rudolph I. Coffee
Dr. James A. Page
Mrs. Rebecca Aldridge
PITTSBURGH, PA.
President Miss Jennie Proctor (600 Sth Ave.) Secretary
Vice President Mr. John T. Writt Treasurer
Executive Committee
Rev. C. H. Trusty Rev. P. A. Scott
Rev. C. A. McGee Mr. Hezikiah Anderson
Rev. G. B. Howard Mr. S. R. Morsell
 THE FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 305

PORTLAND, ORE.
Dr. J. A. Merriman President Mr. H. J. Dickens Asst. Rec. Secretary
Mr. B. A. Day ~
S „
Vice President xr , „
Mrs. E. D. Cannady (520 East 26th Street)
Mr T " "
Bel1 Treasurer
Secretary Mr. E. J. Minor Special Reporter

Executive Committee
Mr. E. D. Cannady Mr. Joseph Miller Mr. E. G. Dickens

PROVIDENCE. R. I.

Rev. J. J. Robinson President Miss Reberta J. Dunbar (58 Winter Street)

Rev. Zechariah Harrison Treasurer Secretary

Executive Board
Mr. John C. Minkins Mr. M. Williams Mr. William P. Freeman
Rev. C. C. Alleyne Mr. William Heathman Dr. A. L. Jackson
Mr. Frederick Carter Mr. James Dixon Mr. R. L. Smith
The most important work accomplished by this branch was its successful protest against
color discrimination in the Y. M. C. A. Cooperating with the branch in this matter were
rhe Interdenominational Ministers Alliance, the Baptist Ministers Union and many pro-
minent men and women.

QUINCY, ILL.

Dr. H.J. Nichols President Mrs. Florence E. Cook (522 \laple Street)
Mr. A. H. Brown Treasurer Secretary

Executive Committee
Mrs. F. G. Munday Mrs. Susan Humphrey Mr. Henry Carr
Mrs. F. P. Monroe Mr. Wilson Cobb Mr. Chas. Vaughn

*ST. LOUIS, MO.

Mr. Gustavus Tuckerman President Mr. Chas. H. Brown '.

Treasurer
Mr. Chas. A. Pitman 1stVice President Mrs. Henry A. Smith (2343 Market Street)
Mr. Albert Burgess 2d Vice President Secretary

Executive Committee
Mr. Chas. A. Pitman, Chairman Dr. W. P. Curtis
Mrs. Percival Chubb Mr. Roger N. Baldwin
Dr. T. A. Curtis Prof. J. L. Usher
Miss Jessie L. Moller Mr. David E. Gordon
Dr. John W. Day

St. Louis is fighting a segregation ordinance through a local committee of thirty.

*ST. PAUL, MINN.

Hon. J. A. Burnquist President Mrs. L. A. Turner (386 North St. Albans)

Secretary
Dr. Val Do Turner Vice President Mr. Louis Nash Treasurer
Executive Committee
Dr. Val Do Turner, Chairman Mr. O. C. Hall
Mr. Hugh F. Halbert Mr. J. H. Lewis
Dr. Parley P. Womer Judge Grier M. Orr
Rabbi Rypins . Mrs. Bryant
Mrs. T. H. Lyles Mr. George W. Jones
Mr. Jose H. Sherwood Mr. J. Q. Adams
Mr. W. T. Francis Mr. O. D. Howard
St. Paul has checked discrimination in a private circulating library and in a school of
shorthand. It has also prevented the introduction of an anti-intermarriage bill into the
legislature.
 306 THE CRISIS

* SEATTLE, WASH.
Mrs. Letitia A. Graves President Mr. W. L. Presto (1818 30th Avenue)
Mr. G. W. Jones Vice President Corresponding Secretary
Mrs. Zoe Young Recording Secretary Mr. G. O. Allen Treasurer

Executive Committee
Mr. G. W. Thompson Mr. G. W. Jones Mr. A. R. Black
Mr. H. R. Cayton Mr. B. F. Tutt Mr. S. H. Stone

*SHREVEPORT, LA.

Mr. P. L Blackman President Mr. A. W. Hill (918 Pierre Avenue)

• Secretary
Mr. J. D. Demery Vice President Mrs. Lizzie Wills Treasurer

Executive Committee
Mr. T. M. Brown Mr. A. B. Williams Mr. S. J. Law
Mr. A. Mitchell Mr. A. W. Carroll

*TACOMA, WASH.
Mr. S. A. Johnson President Mrs. T. J. Saddler (1405 South Yakima Ave.)
Secretary
Mr. D. H. Parker Vice President Mrs. Lottie Brown Treasurer

Executive Committee
Mrs. Nettie J. Asberry Mr. S. D. Pierre Mr. C. A. Graves
Mrs. Rebecca Parker Mr. Silvester Ray Mr. Edwin Moore
Tacoma has held several distinctive meetings. The branch presented a loving cup to
Senator Wesley L
Jones for his work in the interest of colored people in Congress.

TALLADEGA, ALA.
Dr. E. H. Jones Vice President Mr. E. E. Lightner (Talladega College)
Mr. Hampton Taylor Treasurer Secretary

Executive Committee
Mr. E. H. Jones Dr. F. W. Terry Mr. V. A. Brockman
Dr. J. P. Barton Rev. W. L. Boyd Rev. A. T. Clark

TOPEKA, KAN.
Hon. Arthur Capper President Mrs. Julia B. Roundtree (1317 Van Buren
Rev. Gilbert Walker Treasurer Street) Secretary

Executive Committee
Prof. Nathaniel Sawyer, Chairman Rev. Chas. G. Fishback
Mr. Patrick H. Coney Dr. O. A. Taylor
Mr. James H. Guy Mr. A. G. Hagan

TRENTON, N. J.

Rev. John A. White President Mr. T Edward Kinney ( 102 Bellevue Avenue)
Mr. Nathan Hovington Vice President Secretary
Mr. J. Williams Treasurer Rev. R. M. Johnson Chaplain
Executive Committee
Dr. Solomon Porter Hood, Chairman Dr. Howard Bundv
Rev. L. O. Jones Rev. L. C. Hurdle
Prof. G. W. Clark Mr. John Lewis
Mr. Philip Logan Mr. William H. Salters'
Mr. D. J. Graham Mr. John Herbert
 :

THE FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 307

VIRGINIA UNION UNIVERSITY, VA.

Rev. E. D. Caffee President Mr. N. D. Oyerinde. .Corresponding Secretary
Mr. J. M. Ellison Vice President
Mr. A. C. Webb Recording Secretary Mr. I. T. D. Ross Treasurer

WILMINGTON, DEL.
Rev. J. B. St. Felix Isaacs President Dr. George J. Sykes (208 East 10th Street)
Secretary
Mrs. John H. Woodlen Vice President Rev. B. T. Moore Treasurer

Executive Committee
Mrs. William Bancroft Mrs. Alice M. Dunbar Mrs. Susan G. Lones
Rev. J. B. St. Felix Isaacs Miss Edwina B. Kruse Mr. Lewis A. Redding
Rev. W. H. Hoxter Miss Alice G. Baldwin Rev. J. A. T. Fouse

Prospective Branches

Most of the following are to be chartered in the near future

Albuquerque, N. Mex. Dayton, Ohio. Springfield, 111.

Atlantic City, N. J. Des Moines, Iowa. Springfield, Ohio.
Baltimore County, Md. Jacksonville, 111. Saint Joseph, Mo.
Cincinnati, Ohio. New Orleans, La. Toledo, Ohio.
Columbus, Ohio. Peoria, 111.

February 12, 1915. Mary Childs Nerney, Secretary.

SPINGARN MEDAL
The Spingarn Medal was awarded at the annual meeting on February
first
12, 1915, at EthicalCulture Hall, New York City, by Governor Whitman, to Prof.
Ernest Everett Just, head of the Department of Physiology in Howard University
Medical School. Prof. Just was chosen from a long list of candidates in many
fieldsincluding education, invention, literature, medicine, political life, business
and work. He was recommended by men of the highest standing in both
social
races for his recent research work and for the work he has done in raising the
standards of medical education for his own race. The committee making the
award were: Bishop John Hurst, Chairman; ex-President William Howard Taft,
Mr. John Hope, Dr. James H. Dillard, Mr. Oswald Garrison Viliard.

N. A. A. C. P. Officers

National President Chairman of the Board of Directors

Mr. Moorfield Storey, Boston Dr. J. E. Spingarn, New York
Vice Presidents
Director of Publications and Research
Mr. Oswald Garrison Viliard, New York
Dr. W. E. B. DuBois, New York
Rev. John Haynes Holmes, New York
Mr. John E. Milholland, New York Treasurer
Mr. Archibald H. Grimke, Washington Mr. Oswald Garrison Viliard, New York
Rev. Garnett R. Waller, Springfield Secretary
Miss Mary White Ovington, Brooklyn Miss Mary Childs Nerney, New York
Board of Directors
Terms expire 1916
Mr. George W. Crawford, New Haven Dr. W. A. Sinclair, Philadelphia
Mr. Thomas Ewing, Jr., New York Mr. Chas H. Studin, New York
Mr. Paul Kennaday, New York Rev. G. R. Waller, Springfield, Mass.
Mr. Joseph Prince Loud, Boston Miss Lillian D. Wald, New York
Mrs. Max Morgenthau, Jr., New York Mr. Butler R. Wilson, Boston
 308 THE CRISIS

Terms expire 1917

Miss Jane Addams, Chicago Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois, New York
Dr. C. E. Bentley, Chicago Mrs. Florence Kelley, New York
Rev. Hutchins C. Bishop, New York Miss Mary White Ovington, Brooklyn
Rev. W. H. Brooks, New York Mr. Charles Edward Russell, New York
Dr. F. N. Cardozo, Baltimore Dr. John G. Underbill, New York
Terms expire 1918
Prof. George William Cook, Washington Dr. J. E. Spingarn, New York
Mr. Archibald H. Grimke, Washington Mr. Moorfield Storey, Boston
Rev. John Haynes Holmes, New York Mr. Oswald Garrison Villard, New York
Dr. V. Morton Jones, Brooklyn Dr. O. M. Waller, Brooklyn
Mr. John E. Milholland, New York Mr. William English Walling, New York
STANDING COMMITTEES
Legal Redress and Legislative
Mr. Arthur B. Spingarn, Chairman Mr. Chas. H. Studin
Mr. Melville Cane Mr. D. Macon Webster
Mr. Philip Thorne Mr. Charles S. Boston
Membership
Mrs. Alice Wiley Seay, Chairman Dr. V. Morton Jones
Mrs. Lottie M. Cooper Mr. Royal Freeman Nash
Miss Bertha Johnston Mr. T. P. Moseley
Miss Caroline M. Dexter Mr. N. B. Dodson
Miss Nina E. Wilson M. Maroney
Mr. R.
Budget
Mr. Oswald Garrison Villard, Chairman Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois
Miss Mary White Ovington Miss Mary Childs Nerney
Mrs. Francis P. Barlow

Publications
Dr. W. E. B. Du Chairman
Bois, Prof. John Dewey
Mr. William English Walling Dr. John Haynes Holmes
Dr. Walter E. Weyl Mr. Paul Kennaday

Mr. Archibald H. Grimke, Chairman
Mr. Charles H. Studin
Miss Mary White Ovington, Chairman
Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois
Advisory Committee
Miss Maria Baldwin, Boston, Mass.
Mrs. Ida B. Wells Barnett, Chicago, 111.
Miss Frances Bartholomew, Philadelphia, Pa. Miss Leonora O'Reilly, New York
Hon. William S. Bennet, New York
Miss S. P. Breckenridge, Chicago, 111.
Dr. W. L. Bulkley, New York
Dr. Horace Bumstead, Brookline, Mass.
Miss Elizabeth C. Carter, New Bedford, Mass. Pres. W. S. Scarborough, Wilberforce, Ohio.
Mr. W. Justin Carter, Harrisburg, Pa.
Mr. Charles W. Chesnutt, Cleveland, O.
Mrs. Carrie W. Clifford, Washington, D. C.
Prof. John Dewey, New York
Dr. John Lovejoy Elliot, New York
Mr. Francis J. Garrison, Boston, Mass.
Mr. L. M. Hershaw, Washington, D. C.
Mr. Leslie P. Hill, Cheyney, Pa.
Mr. Hamilton Holt, New York
Pres. John Hope, Atlanta, Ga.
Miss Maud R. Ingersoll, New York
Rev. Harvey Johnson, Baltimore, Md.
Pres. H. C. King, Oberlin, Ohio
Prof. Kelly Miller, Washington, D. C.
Miss Adelene Moffat, Boston, Mass.
Prof. L. B. Moore, Washington, D. C.
Mr. James F. Morton, Jr., New York
Branches
Dr. J. E. Spingarn
Crisis
Dr. J. E. Spingarn
Mr. Paul Kennaday
Dr. Henry Moskowitz, New York
Dr. N. F. Mossell, Philadelphia, Pa.
Hon. Thomas M. Osborne, Auburn, N. Y.
Mr. William Pickens, Talladega, Ala.
Hon. Albert E. Pillsbury, Boston, Mass.
Mr. Julius Rosenwald, Chicago, 111.
Mr. Jacob H. Schiff, New York
Prof. E. R. A. Seligman, New York
Hon. Harry C. Smith, Cleveland, Ohio
Mrs. Anna Garlin Spencer, New York
Justice W. P. Stafford, Washington, D. C.
Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, Washington, D. C.
Pres. Chas. T. Thwing, Cleveland, Ohio
Mr. William Munroe Trotter, Boston, Mass.
Mrs. Henry Villard, New York
Rev. J. Milton Waldron, Washington, D. C.
Mr. D. Macon Webster, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Dr. Walter E. Weyl, New York
Mr. George E. Wibecan, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Dr. Stephen S. Wise, New York
Mrs. Celia Parker Woolley, Chicago, 111.
Rev. R. R. Wright, Jr., Philadelphia, Pa.
 ——
; ;

POEMS 309

J?

William Stanley Braithwaite

SCINTILLA
I kissed a kiss in youth
Upon a dead man's brow
And that was long ago,
And I'm a grown man now.
It's lain there in the dust,
Thirty years and more ;—
My lips that set a light
At a dead man's door.

LAUGHING IT OUT
He had a whim, and laughed it out
Upon the exit of a chance ;
He floundered in a sea of doubt
If life was real —or just romance.

Sometimes upon his brow would come

A little pucker of defiance
He totalled in a word the sum
If life was real —
or just romance.
And then a hearty laugh would break,
A reasoning shrug of shoulder;
And we would from his fancy take
A faith in death which made life bolder.

#6
 ;

310 THE CRISIS

The
Immediate Program
of the

American Negro
By W. E. B. DUBOIS

THE immediate program of the Amer-

ican Negro means nothing unless it

is mediate to his great ideal and the ult- ;#{y,i-?W

imate ends of his development. We
need not waste time by seeking to de-
ceive our enemies into thinking that we have in order to live, is not to be con-
are going to be content with a half loaf, founded with sameness. On the con-
or by being willing to lull our friends trary, in our case, it is rather insistence
into a false sense of our indifference and upon the right of diversity ;
—upon the
present satisfaction. right of a human being to be a man even
The American Negro demands equal- if he does not wear the same cut of vest,
ity
ity
—and
political equality, industrial
social equality; and he is never
equal- the same curl of hair or the same color
of skin. Human equality does not even
going to rest satisfied with anything less. entail, as is sometimes said, absolute
He demands this in no spirit of brag- equality of opportunity for certainly the
;

gadocio and with no obsequious envy of natural inequalities of inherent genius

others, but as an absolute measure of
self-defense and the only one that will
assure to the darker races their ultimate
survival on earth.
Only in a demand and a persistent
demand for essential equality in the
modern realm of human culture can any
people show a real pride of race and a
decent self-respect. For any group, na-
tion or race to admit for a moment the
present monstrous demand of the white
race to be the inheritors of the earth,
the arbiters of mankind and the sole
owners of a heritage of culture which
they did not create, nor even improve
to any greater extent than the other great
division of men —
to admit such pretense
for a moment is for the race to write
itself down immediately as indisputably
inferior in judgment, knowledge
common sense.
The equality in political, industrial
and social life which modern men must
and varying gift make this a dubious
phase. But there is a more and more
clearly recognized minimum of oppor-
tunity and maximum of freedom to be,
to move and to think, which the modern
world denies to no being which it recog-
nizes as a real man.
These involve both negative and posi-
tive sides. They call for freedom on the
one hand and power on the other. The
Negro must have political freedom
taxation without representation is tyran-
ny. American Negroes of to-day are
ruled by tyrants who take what they
please in taxes and give what they please
in law and administration, in justice and
in injustice; and the great mass of black
people must stand helpless and voiceless
before a condition which has time and
and time again caused other peoples to fight
and die.
The Negro must have industrial free-
dom. Between the peonage of the rural
 ;
THE IMMEDIATE PROGRAM
South, the oppression of shrewd capital-
ists and the jealousy of certain trade
unions, the Negro laborer is the most ex-
ploited class in the country, giving more
hard toil for less money than any other
American, and have less voice in the
conditions of his labor.
In social intercourse every effort is
being made to-day from the President of
the United States and the so-called
Church of Christ down to saloons and
boot-blacks to segregate, strangle and
spiritually starve Negroes so as to give
them the least possible chance to know
and share civilization.
These shackles must go. But that is
but the beginning. The Negro must
have power; the power of men, the right
to do, to know, to feel and to express
that knowledge, action and spiritual
gift. He must
not simply be free from
the political tyranny of white folk, he
must have the right to vote and to rule
over the citizens, white and black, to the
extent of his proven foresight and abil-
ity. He must have a voice in the new
industrial democracy which is building
and the power to see to it that his chil-
dren are not in the next generation
trained to be the mudsills of society. He
must have the right to social intercourse
with his fellows. There was a time in
the atomic individualistic group when
"social intercourse" meant merely calls
and tea-parties to-day social intercourse
; ings must be increased the policy which
means theatres, organizations,
lectures,
churches, clubs, excursions, travel, ho-
tels, —
it means in short Life; to bar a
group from such methods of thinking,
living and doing is to bar them from the
world and bid them create a new world
— a task to which no single group is to-
day equal; it is to crucify them and
taunt them with not being able to live.
What now are the practical steps
which must be taken to accomplish these
ends?
First of before taking steps the
all
wise man knows the object and end of
his journey. There are those who would
advise the black man to pay little or no
attention to where he is going so long as
he keeps moving. They assume that
God or his vice-gerent the White Man
will attend to the steering. This is ar-
rant nonsense. The feet of those that
311
aimlessly wander land as often in hell
as in heaven. Conscious self-realization
and self-direction is the watchword of
modern man, and the first article in the
program of any group that will survive
must be the great aim, equality and
power among men.
The practical steps to this are clear.
First we must fight obstructions ; by con-
tinual and increasing effort we must first
make American courts either build up a
body of decisions which will protect the
plain legal rights of American citizens
or else make them tear down the civil
and political rights of all citizens in
order to oppress a few. Either result
will bring justice in the end. It is lots of
fun and most ingenious just now for
courts to twist law so as to say I shall
not live here or vote there, or marry the
woman who wishes to marry me. But
when to-morrow these decisions throttle
allfreedom and overthrow the founda-
tion of democracy and decency, there is
going to be some judicial house cleaning.
We must secondly seek in legislature
and congress remedial legislation na- ;
tional aid to public school education, the
removal of all legal discriminations
based simply on race and color, and
those marriage laws passed to make the
seduction of black girls easy and with-
out legal penalty.
Thrid the human contact of human be-
;
brings into sympathetic touch and under-
standing, men and women, rich and
poor, capitalist and laborer, Asiatic and
European, must bring into closer con-
tact and mutual knowledge the white
and black people of this land. It is the
most frightful indictment of a country
which dares to call itself civilized that
it has allowed itself to drift into a state
of ignorance where ten million people
are coming to believe that all white peo-
ple are liars and thieves, and the whites
in turn to believe that the chief industry
of Negroes is raping white women.
Fourth only the publication of the
truth repeatedly and incisively and un-
compromisingly can secure that change
in public opinion which will correct these
awful lies. The Crisis, our record of
the darker races, must have a circulation
not of 35,000 chiefly among colored folk

312
but of at least 250,000 among all
who believe in men. It must not be a
namby-pamby box of salve, but a voice
that thunders fact and is more anxious
to be true than pleasing. There should
be a campaign of tract distribution
short well written facts and arguments
— rained over this land by millions of
copies, particularly in the South, where
the white people know less about the
Negro than inany other part of the
civilized world. The press should be
utilized —the 400 Negro weeklies, the
great dailies and eventually the maga-
zines, when we get magazine editors who
will lead public opinion instead of
lowing afar with resonant brays.
tures, lantern-slides and moving pictures,
co-operating with a bureau of informa-
tion and eventually becoming a Negro
encyclopedia, all these are efforts along
the line of making human beings realize
that Negroes are human.
Such is the program of work against
obstructions. Let us now turn to con-
structive effort. This may be summed
up under (1) economic co-operation (2)
a revival of art and literature (3) po-
litical action (4) education and (5) or-
ganization.
Under economic co-operation we must
strive to spread the idea among colored
people that the accumulation of wealth
is for social rather than individual ends.
We must avoid, in the advancement of
the Negro race, the mistakes of ruthless
exploitation which have marked modern
economic history. To end we must
this
seek not simply home
ownership, small
landholding and saving accounts, but
also all forms of co-operation, both in
production and distribution, profit shar-
ing, building and loan associations, sys-
tematic charity for definite, practical
ends, systematic migration from mob
rule and robbery, to freedom and en-
franchisement, the emancipation of
women and the abolition of child labor.
In art and literature we should try
to loose the tremendous emotional
wealth of the Negro and the dramatic
strength of his problems through writ-
ing, the stage, pageantry and other
forms of art. We
should resurrect for-
gotten ancient Negro art and history,
and we should set the black man before
—
THE CRISIS
men the world as both a creative artist and a
strong subject for artistic treatment.
In political action we should organize
the votes of Negroes in such congres-
sional districts as have any number of
Negro voters. We should systematically
interrogate candidates on matters vital
to Negro freedom and uplift. We
should train colored voters to reject the
bribe of office and to accept only decent
legal enactments both for their own up-
lift and for the uplift of laboring classes
of all races and both sexes.
In education we must seek to give
colored children free public school train-
fol-
Lec-
ing. We must watch with grave sus-
picion the attempt of those who, under
the guise of vocational training, would
fasten ignorance and menial service on
the Negro for another generation. Our
children must not in large numbers, be
forced into the servant class for menial
;
service is still, in the main, little more
than an antiquated survival of impos-
sible conditions. It has always been as
statistics show, a main cause of bastardy
and prostitution and despite its many
marvelous exceptions it will never come
to the light of decency and honor until
the house servant becomes the Servant
in the House. It is our duty then, not
drastically but persistently, to seek out
colored children of ability and genius,
to open up to them broader, industrial
opportunity and above all, to find that
Talented Tenth and encourage it by the
best and most exhaustive training in
order to supply the Negro race and the
world with leaders, thinkers and artists.
For the accomplishment of all these
ends we must organize. Organization
among us already has gone far but it
must go much further and higher. Or-
ganization is sacrifice. It is sacrifice of
opinions, of time, of work and of money,
but it is, after all, the cheapest way of
buying the most priceless of gifts free-—
dom and efficiency. I thank God that
most of the money that supports the
National Association for the Advance-
ment of Colored People comes from
black hands ;a still larger proportion
must so come, and we must not only sup-
port but control this and similar organ-
izations and hold them unwaveringly to
our objects, our aims and our ideals.
Ty/f R. David Taylor had been for many
WL steward, during the
y ears chief
season of navigation, upon a steamboat
running between Groveland and Buffalo,
on one of the Great Lakes. The salary
and perquisites made the place a re-
munerative one, and Mr. Taylor had
saved considerable money. During the
winter time he ran a coal yard, where he
supplied poor people with coal in small
quantities at a large profit. He invested
his savings in real estate, and in the
course of time became the owner of a
row of small houses on a side street in
Groveland, as well as of a larger house
on the corner of the adjacent'main street.
Mr. Taylor was a stout mulatto, with
curly hair and a short gray mustache.
He had been a little wild in his youth,
but had settled down into a steady old
bachelor, in which state he remained un-
til he was past forty-five, when he
surprised his friends by marrying a
young wife and taking her to live with
him in the corner house.
Miss Lula Sampson was a very per-
sonable young woman, of not more than
twenty-two or twenty-three. She had
not been without other admirers but;
Mr. Taylor's solid attractions had more
than counter-balanced the advantages of
these others in the way of youth and
sprightliness. For Miss Sampson, while
not without her sentimental side, had a
practical vein as well, and concluded that
on the whole it would be better to be a
rich old man's darling than a poor young
man's slave.
They lived together very comfortably
in the corner house, and Mrs. Taylor
enjoyed to the full such advantages as
regular rents and savings-bank dividends
carried in their train. Mr. Taylor had
been for many years a leading member
of the Jerusalem Methodist Church, in
which he had at various times acted as
class-leader, trustee and deacon, and of
which he had been at all times the finan-
cialbacker and manager. Mrs. Taylor
had been brought up, so to speak, in the
Mt. Horeb Baptist Church, and had at
one time sung in the choir but after her
;
marriage she very dutifully attended ser-
vice with her husband, only visiting the
Baptist church on special occasions, such
as weddings or funerals or other events
of general public interest.
One day in May, 1900, a month or
more after the opening of navigation in
the Spring, Mr. Taylor left Groveland on
the steamer Mather for Buffalo, on one
of her regular semi-weekly trips to that
port. When the steamer returned
several days later without him, his wife
and friends felt some concern at his non-
appearance, as no message had been re-
ceived from him in the meantime.
Inquiry on the steamer merely brought
out the fact that Taylor had not been on
hand when the boat was ready to leave
port, and that she had sailed without
him in fact he had not been missed until
;
the Mather was some miles out.
When several days more elapsed with-
out news from the absent man, his wife's
uneasiness became a well-defined alarm.
She could account for his absence on no
hypothesis except that some harm had
befallen him. And upon reading an item
in a newspaper, about a week after Mr.
 THE
Taylor's disappearance, to the effect that
the body of a middle-aged mulatto had
been found floating in Buffalo harbor,
she divined at once that her husband had
been the victim of accident, or foul play,
and that it was his body that had been
recovered. With a promptitude born of
sincere regret and wifely sorrow, she
requested the company of Deacon
Larkins, the intimate personal friend and
class-leader of her husband, and with
him took the train for Buffalo. Arriving
there they found the body at an under-
taking establishment. It had evidently
been in the water several days, and the
features were somewhat disfigured, but
nevertheless Mrs. Taylor had no diffi-
culty in identifying the body as that of
her late husband. She had the remains
prepared for shipment, and the day after
her arrival at Buffalo accompanied them
back to Groveland. She had telegraphed
for a hearse to be at the depot, and when
she saw the coffin placed in it she took a
carriage with Deacon Larkins and drove
to her home.
"Brother Larkins," she said, in grief-
stricken accents, as she thought of her
good friend and husband and of the
narrow cell which he must soon be
in
laid, "I wish you would t-t-take charge
of the arrangements for the f-f-funeral.
I know my dear dead David loved you,
and would have wished you to attend to
it."
"I shall be glad to, Sister Taylor. It is
the last service I can perform for my
dear friend and brother. His loss will
be a sad blow to the church, and to us
all."
In pursuance of his instructions
Deacon Larkins engaged an undertaker,
inserted in the newspapers a notice
announcing the date of the funeral, re-
quested six of the intimate friends of the
deceased to act as pall-bearers, and tele-
graphed the pastor of the Methodist
Church, who was out of town, to be on
hand on Wednesday, at 2 o'clock in the
afternoon, to conduct the services and
preach the funeral sermon.
Several friends of the family called on
Mrs. Taylor during the day preceding
the funeral,among them the Reverend
Alonzo Brown, pastor of the Mt. Horeb
Baptist Church. Mr. Brown was a
CRISIS
youngish man, apparently not more than
thirty, and had himself suffered a be-
reavement several years before, in the
loss of a wife to whom he had made a
model husband, so excellent a husband
indeed that more than one lady had en-
vied his wife when living, and when she
died, had thought that her successor
would be indeed a fortunate woman. In
addition to possessing these admirable
domestic qualities the Reverend Alonzo
was a very handsome man, of light-
brown complexion, and with large and
expressive black eyes and very glossy
curly hair. Indeed, Mrs. Taylor her-
self had several times thought that if an
overruling Providence in its inscrutable
wisdom should see fit to remove her dear
David from his earthly career while she
—
was yet a young woman which was not
at all unlikely; since he was twenty-five
—
years her senior there was no man of
her acquaintance with whom she could
more willingly spend the remainder of
her days and the money her good David
would leave her, than the Reverend
Alonzo Brown. Of course this had been
only one of the vague day dreams of a
lively imagination but it is not surpris-
;
ing, when the central figure in this vision
called on her upon the heels of the very
event upon which the day-dreams had
been predicated, that the idea should
penetrate even the veil of grief that sur-
rounded her, and assume something of
the nature of a definite probability.
Mr. Brown was a man of tact, and
consoled the widow very beautifully in
her bereavement.
"Yes, Sister Taylor," he said, pressing
her hand with soothing friendliness,
"your loss is indeed great, for your hus-
band was a man of whom any woman
might have been proud. You displayed
excellent taste and judgment, too, Sister
Taylor, in selecting as your companion a
man of steady habits and settled char-
acter, who could leave you suitably pro-
vided for during the rest of your life.
The widow sobbed at the magnitude
of her loss, but was not unmindful of the
compliment to her own taste and
judgment.
"But the saddest feature about our
dear brother's taking off is not your
loss;" he said, again pressing her hand
 MR. TAYLOR'S
consolingly, "it is what he himself has
lost —the companionship of one who
made his household a model for his
friends to imitate, and the despair of
those who could not hope to be so fortu-
nate. It is true," he added, with proper
professional consistency, he has"that
gone to his reward but I am sure he ;
would willingly have waited for it a few
years longer in this terrestrial paradise."
The minister, as he said this, looked
around appreciatively at the very com-
fortable room in which they sat. There
was handsome paper on the walls, a
bright red carpet on the floor, lace cur-
tains at the w'indows, a piano, a well-
filledbook-case, —
and in fact all the evi-
dences of solid prosperity, based on
landed proprietorship. And by his side
too, sat the weeping young widow, to
whom tears and weeds were by no means
unbecoming.
While he had been speaking an idea
had occurred to Mrs. Taylor. She was
before her marriage a member of his
church. The pastor of the Methodist
church, she had learned since her return
from Buffalo, was out of town, in at-
tendance on the general conference of
his denomination in session at New
York. It would be a very nice thing
indeed to have Mr. Brown preach the
funeral sermon.
"Brother Brown," she said, on the
impulse of the moment, "I want you to
do me a favor. Will you preach my
dear David's funeral sermon?"
He reflected a moment. It was an op-
portunity to secure that influence which
would enable him to lead back into his
fold this very desirable sheep.
"If you don't think it will be taken
amiss by his own church," he answered,
"itwould give me great pleasure to per-
form the last sad rites over our departed
friend."
"There will be no trouble about that,"
she replied. "Elder Johnson has gone
to general conference, and there is no
one else whom I would prefer to your-
self. I ask it as a personal favor."
"It shall be done at any cost," he said
determinedly, again pressing her hand in
farewell.
"And if you will ask the choir to sing,
I shall be under still greater obligations,"
FUNERAL 315
she said. "They are all my friends, and
I have often joined with them on similar
occasions, before I was married, and I'm
sure you would prefer them."
About an hour after Mr. Brown went
away, Deacon Larkins called to make a
final report of the arrangements he had
made.
"I've requested several of the breth-
ren to act as pallbearers," he said, nam-
ing them, "and have asked the choir to
furnish the music. Elder Johnson tele-
graphed this afternoon that he would be
here in time to preach the sermon. He
has already started, and will get here by
half -past one, and come right up from
the depot."
Mrs. Taylor scented trouble. "But I
thought he couldn't come, and I've in-
vited Elder Brown to preach the ser-
mon," she said.
Deacon Larkins looked annoyed.
"There'll be trouble," he said. "You
asked me to make arrangements and I
acted accordingly."
"What can we do about it ?" she asked
anxiously.
"Don't ask me," he said. "I'm not re-
sponsible for the difficulty."
"But you can help me," she said. "I
see no way out of it but to explain the
situation to Elder Brown and ask him to
retire. Please do that for me."
Deacon Larkins grumbled a little and
went away, intending to do as requested.
But the more he thought about the mat-
ter the more displeased he felt at the
widow's action. She had not only been
guilty of disrespect to him, in asking a
minister to conduct the services without
consulting the man in whose charge she
had placed the arrangements, but she
had committed the far more serious of-
fense of slighting the Methodist church.
He could hardly think of a graver
breach of propriety than to ask the min-
ister of a rival denomination to officiate
at this funeral. If it had been some ob-
scure member of the congregation the
matter would have been of less conse-
quence; but to request the Baptist min-
ister to preach Brother David's funeral
sermon was something like asking Mar-
tin Luther to assist at the Pope's inter-
ment. The more Deacon Larkins thought
of it the less he liked it; and finally he
 — )
316 THE
concluded that he would simply wash his
hands of the entire business if the —
widow wanted to call off Elder Brown
she would have to do it herself.
He wrote a note to this effect and sent
it by his youngest son, a lad of ten, with
instructions to deliver it to Mrs. Taylor.
The boy met companion and went off
a standing in the hall and seated in other
to play, and the note.
lost His father
was away when he got back home. In
the meantime the boy had forgotten
about the note, and left his father to in-
fer that it had been delivered.
About a quarter of two on the day
of the funeral the friends began to ar-
rive. The undertaker in charge seated
them. Whenthe Baptist choir came it
was shown to the place provided before-
hand for the singers. When a few min-
utes later the Methodist choir arrived
and stated what their part in the service
was to be, the undertaker, supposing
they were an addition to the number al-
ready on hand, gave them the seats near-
est those occupied by the Baptist choir.
There was some surprise apparent, but
for a while nothing was said, the mem-
bers of the two bodies confining them-
selves to looks not altogether friendly.
Some of them thought it peculiar that,
if the two choirs had been asked to co-
operate, there had been no notice given
(To be
f\ bsequiousness begets friends ; truth,
^*^ hatred. Terence.
c College, Baltimore, Md.
I should be glad personally to listen to
Dr. of whom I have some know-
ledge and I think it would be a very suit-
able thing for the college to hear him
speak, but Baltimore is not yet educated
up to that point and until it is it would
only do harm instead of good for me to
comply with your request. [From a
white college president who had been
offered a colored lecturer.]
;
CRISIS
and no opportunity to practice together
but all awaited for the coming of the of-
ficiating minister to solve the difficulty.
Meantime the friends of the family con-
tinued to arrive, until the room where
the remains were placed was filled to
overflowing, and there were people
rooms from which they would be able
to see or hear very little of the exer-
cises.
At just five minutes to two a livery
carriage drove up to the gate, and de-
posited on the pavement a tall dark man,
wearing a silk hat, a high vest, and a
coat of clerical cut —
it was Elder John-
son, of the Jerusalem Methodist Church.
The elder paid the driver his fee, and
went in at the front gate. At the same
moment the pastor of the Baptist Church
came in at the side gate and drew near
the front door. The two preachers met
on the porch, and bowed to one another
stiffly. The undertaker's assistant came
forward and took their hats.
"Which of you gentlemen is to con-
duct the service?" asked the undertaker,
with a professionally modulated voice.
"I shall conduct the service," answered
Elder Josnson in a matter-of-fact tone.
"I am to conduct the service," said
Mr. Brown firmly, in the same breath.
c ontinued.
f[The Hartman Furniture and Carpet
Company, 400 Wentworth Avenue, Chic-
ago, Illinois, is sending out circulars for
mail orders. It asks its customers to
'
"please answer the questions below."
One question is "State whether white or
colored." Wewonder why?
CM. L. Matlock, of Cleveland, writes us
that Collier's Weekly will not accept
colored people on their installment plan
which they are pushing in that city.
CM. Gehrts relates an amusing incident
in Togoland, West Africa. A
little
{Continued on page 318)
 «

THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 317

The Proper Amount of Life Insurance

You Should Have
Nearly every colored man in America carries a weekly policy. Fully two-thirds
of the men over 21 are members of some secret order whose death benefits are from
$50.00 to $300.00. There are a very few hundred colored men who have over $5,000
life insurance in legal reserve life insurance companies.

In fact, one insurance publication said, "The amount of life insurance carried by
Negroes is so negligible that it is left out of all consideration in this book." This,
too, despite the fact that the total amount of insurance carried in America amounts
to Billions of Dollars, and every year the Life Insurance Companies of America
pay to the heirs of deceased Americans Millions of Dollars in good current United
States Money.
Even the average white man who dies leaves his family in better condition.
Whatever else he has neglected he has been thoughtful of his life insurance. On
the other hand, many well-to-do colored men die and leave their families poorer
than when they lived. The average white man's life insurance is $2,500. The
average colored man's is $350.00. The white man begins to buy a home for
$3,000.00 ; he protects that obligation by taking out the amount of life insurance
so that if he dies before he finishes payment, his family will not lose the place nor
will they be forced to sacrifice everything to complete payment on that home. The
usual colored man begins to buy a home and immediately declares he is unable to
carry- any life insurance. Then when the interest has accumulated on his notes
and it is really a job for him to pay these notes with all his efforts while he lives,
he dies and leaves his family to pay them as best they can with no means left
behind with which to pay.
Somebody remarked that "there are very few dead rich Negroes." You know
estates crumble. You know how surprised you have been when So-and-so died
and left nothing but a lot of debts. Everybody thought he was rich while he lived.
His family lived and dressed well. Apparently, he had lots of money and property.
When he died it took all his money and property to nay his debts. He failed to
protect his estate with Life Insurance. He might have kept on being prosperous
if he had lived, but he failed to leave anything in his place at death. A few thou-
sand dollars in immediate cash such as a life insurance policy provides would have
saved to his wife and family the estate of many a man who was rated as rich
while he lived.
You know of such a case in your own community. Have you ever stopped and
seriously thought of your own affairs? Are you as well protected as you should
—
be ? Today you are sound and well. Tomorrow accidents are frequent and deadly.
How would your affairs look if put under the microscope of the administrator or
receiver? Geo. W. Vanderbilt insured his life for a Million Dollars when he first
began building his famous Biltmore estate. He was a rich man but he wanted if
he died that there should be no lack of funds to complete the project. The
Great Boston Store of Chicago is the result of the Half Million Charles
Netcher left in life insurance.
You need every dollar in life insurance you can carry. We can protect you
no matter where you live in amounts from $250.00 to $5,000.00. The cost .•'

is negligible compared with the protection. Write today to .-"

senefme
.• particulars

STANDARD LIFE INSURANCE CO. A ™»

- «
200 Auburn Avenue, ATLANTA, GEORGIA Sex
>

Age
Capital Fully Paid - - $100,000.00 ,
.• Weight
Over One Million and a Quarter Insurance in Force
Occupation
Issues Policies from $250.00 to $5,000.00
Name

HEMAN E. PERRY, President .

Address
(C Apr 191d)
HARRY H. PACE, Secretary

Mention The Crisis

 —
318 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

In
1914
And Every Year Since

Speed and Accuracy

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Underwood
HAS HELD FIRST PLACE
"The Machine You Will Eventually Buy"

UNDERWOOD BUILDING NEW YORK

was very much afraid of the

native child
firstwhite woman that he saw because
she was "so ugly."
Miss Gehrts asked the boy "Am I
reallyand truly ugly ?"
"Really and truly you are, Miss," he
replied with childish frankness. "But,"
he added, "You cannot help that, for the
good God made you so, did He not ?
!"
cannot all be black and beautiful
CT'No form of government can be based
on systematic injustice. The election of
Congressmen is a national not a local
matter. If it be a race question, is
any reason why the white man in the
South should have two votes to my one ?
Is he alone of mortals to eat his cake and
have it too ? Is he to suppress his Negro
and have him also? Among all his
remedies he has never proposed to sur-
render the representation which he owes
to the very Negro whose vote he refuses.
The Negro is human enough to be repre-
sented, but not human enough to have
his vote counted." Thomas B. Reed.
C"I have just forwarded an article in
which you might be interested. It is
We about the manly effort of the Rev. Mr.
J. B. Brandon of Edge Hill, Pa., to bring
to justice a wealthy white man of that
place who attempted to rape a respect-
able colored woman who is a member of
there -Mr. Brandon's church. You can write
to Rev. Mr. Brandon, Pastor Antioch
Baptist church, Edge Hill., Pa. The
daily papers here are keeping the matter
as still as possible."
 —
THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 319

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Mention The Crisis

320 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

Be Successful
LEARN shorthand
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in
one that can be
Shorthand helps all to success. The Par-
is learned quickly and easily. It is wonderfully
simple. It is used in offices of the large corporations (Standard Oil Co., West-
inghouse Co.) the U. S. Government and in Court Reporting. It is being endorsed
and adopted by leading high schools and business colleges. It is easy to learn, easy
to write and easy to read these are — the three requisites for a successful system of
shorthand.

LOW COST. The cost of this wonderful system of shorthand is remarkably low. It is less
than %of the cost of others. lust think of the best and most efficient system of shorthand
in the world for a small sum of money —
a chance for those who are ambitious and earnest
to improve their condition at a nominal cost.

EASY TO LEARN. A bright mind can learn Paragon shorthand in seven lessons a lesson a —
day. —
Even the average can do that certainly in two weeks one can acquire it. Speed comes
with practice. When you compare this to s ix months or more under the old systems, you
perceive how easy it must be.

SIMPLICITY is the keynote of this system. It is easy to learn, easy to write, easy to read after
you write it. It is fast and accurate. There is no shading or other complicated arrangements.

Besides being useful to preachers, doctors and lawyers for taking notes, it offers an oppor-
tunity for those who wish to advance themselves. If you are not interested call this to the atten-
tion of some of your ambitious young friends. Write at once for information.

WHAT ONE MAN DID

Here is a picture of Dan'l Washington who worked in a Y. M. C. A. building, became am-
bitious and studied shorthand to improve himself. He succeeded well —others can do the same.
652 Mass. St., Gary, Ind., January 16, 1915.
Mr. A. Lichtentag, New Orleans, La.
—
Dear Sir: It affords me great pleasure in testifying to the efficiency and sim-
plicity of your Paragon system of Shortland, after having studied some of the more
complicated systems without very much success.
While working in the Y. M. C. A. Building a few months ago, I had occasion
to .examine your system of Shorthand, and after reading the preface of your book,
I found it was just what I needed —
a system that could be learned without a teacher,
as I could not afford to attend a Shorthand School. By looking over the principles,
which are embodied in seven short lessons, and which I mastered by devoting a few
minutes each morning glancing into the desk copy in the Principal's office, it
proved to me, beyond doubt, that Paragon is in a class by itself. After about four
weeks, I told Prof. Evenson that I had mastered the Paragon System of Shorthand,
and he gave me an examination in order to satisfy himself that I really had. He
advised me to continue and I had him get me a book. Now, I am able to write
any of the letters in your dictation book, and in fact, anything that I can write in
longhand. I find no trouble in reading my notes.

I think so well of Paragon Shorthand that I am going to devote my entire time

in putting Paragon before the people of my race. I cheerfully recommend the
system to all who are interested in learning Shorthand either for business or pleasure.

Wry truly yours, DANIEL M. WASHINGTON.

The Paragon Institute, 68-76 Coliseum Street, New Orleans, La.

Mention The Crisis

 — —

THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 321

$3000 FOR YOU

THAT'S the money you should get this year. I mean it. I want
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men
the square deal, who will go inl o partnership with me. No
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tain you can get bigger money in a week with me than you ever
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Smith, Ohio, got 18 orders first
ek; Meyers, Wis., $250 profit first
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i. The work is very easy, pleasant,
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^
—
-it tie capital needed. I grant
i

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— —
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Don't doubt Don't hesitate
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Don't

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,

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422 Factories Bldg., TOLEDO, OHIO
H. S. Robinson, Pres., Canadian Branch — Walkerville, Onl.

"Made
I
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Don't Know of Anything to Compete
1 Day
With the Minute Picture Business"
Made-to-Measure So says J. A. McMillian, of
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our Champion Cameras. If you

fc =
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—quicker and easier
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A good live hustler in every
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sorts. Schools, Factories, Depots, on Streets— any>
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We Pay Big Money broad daylight. No gallery, no rent, no profits to di-
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to our agents everywhere.
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for beautiful FREE outfit. business at once. Travel if you like— see the world
and enjoy Quit working for others; be your own
life.
THE PROGRESS TAILORING CO. boss. An opportunity like this does not occur every
day. Take advantage of it and write for Free Rook,
Testimonials, Liberal Offer, etc,
Department 803 CHICAGO
AMERICAN MINUTE PHOTO COMPANY
2214 Ogden Ave.. Dept. X 41 CHICAGO, ILL.

Mention The Crisis

322 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER
f1 VAPIIWC
I!ji\*_ IlIliH.i3
J
The new
f or the
efficiency
modern
era calls
way of
>C
selecting teachers, through a live agency that furnishes
the connecting medium in a business way, saves time
of school officials, relieves teachers of the embarrass-
BEAUTY
ment of job hunting and covers the whole country.
We have had calls for teachers from Alabama, CULTURE
Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Mis-
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Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia
and West Virginia. An art every woman should culti
Our list of teachers covers even a wider territory. vate to retain the transparent,
THE MUTUAL TEACHERS* AGENCY velvety complexion of youth.
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.
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Highest Grade
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Profit Margin
Sold on fi.oc
From
for
for cleansing

DELUXE POWDER
and massage

a beautiful complexion. Reju-

f
Factory to User venating Cream,20 cent jars. De-
Write for prices Luxe Powder, white, pink, or high
and other styles. brown, 50 cent boxes.
Send for catalogs
C. R. PATTERSON
ft SONS, As a profession Beauty Culture offers a digni-
Greenfield, Ohio employment for young worn*
fied and lucrative
Largest Negro Carriage concern In the United States. en. Most completely appointed Beauty Cul-
ture Parlors and School In the east. All
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time.

Start a Mail Order Business and Make Money MADAM BARREAU

You can
time.
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The parcel post has opened up the doors of
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1 NEW BEDFORD,
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MASS.

start with $5 and up. We

offer you thirty live,
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MAIL DEALERS WHOLESALE HOUSE
517 Dearborn Street Chicago, 111.
PMNOS-PLflYERPMNOS
PROFITABLE SPARE TIME WORK Facfoni TO ffome
Colored agents wanted to take orders for our high
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clusive territory. Write now for samples and terms.

THE HOUSE OFZCHOWNING, Indianapolis, Ind.

Wear Next
Will You Introduce These
Styles For Us, If You Get
Season's
Style NOW BY MY PLAK
Your Suit of selling direct from factory to home.
from $110 to $200 on my celebrated
Model Pianos.
I can save you
Evans Artist

FREE
Here we go again, break -
ingall records, for new, nobby,
Two. to Four Years to Pay
The'teasiest kind of terms, weekly, monthly, quar-
terly or yearly payments to suit your convenience.
All middlemen, jobbers, dealers and agents
my
profits cut out. No charge for salesroom expense for
ahead-of-the-time styles. Be office Is in my
factory. These are some of the reasons
the first in your town to wear a suit
that is ahead of the time. Earn it why I can sell the Evans Artist Model Pianos for such little
while .mi wear it; we Bend the Buit money. Let me send you the other reasons Write today.
complete; you can make bit? money
too; there 10 .
30 Days Free Trial
$50 to $100 a Week We allow all freight charges, let you use the/ft/v*
init for you. Drop us a postal for
beautiful Evans Artist Model Piano for thirty AxfiAy
our advance book, select the styles free. If you are not entirely satisfied, we will taRe^p'
you want and the cloth; let us pi ova it back without any' cost to you— you are the sole A.y

now you can get judge to decide. If you want to keep it, you roay/SJw^' 3
do so on our low factory wholesale price onjffy&JF
Your Suit FREE most convenient terms.
Don't wait.
Don't
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Write
A
delay.
postal will do. Wo Free Music Lessons Jgr/up
pend everything the day your re- TO EVERY CUSTOMER /8?£?S»
quest is received. We pay express we two years course of piano /<</ ~
will give a £$&
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eend us a postal with your name oAS -

and address on it.

ance plan and our method ot savin/
1
Atr4r*Xsr
you money. Write today.
Paragon Tailoring Co. F. O. E«— » • Piano Co.
Dept. CHICAGO Dept. 81 Cblogo
4 B1

Mention The Crisis

 —

THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 323

e Better
The Ocean House
YOU Can Play
cio ," s°pl. l
s

SEA
known

CITY
at

The Gordon Sea View, N 1

Pia no Firs t Day Personally managed by Mrs. Lucy Lee.
the
This is
only property we own on the Atlantic Beach
front. Every room opens on the ocean. Bathing,
boating, fishing, music, dancing. A beautiful view of
New Flan Makes Teachers, Lessons or the ocean while dining from our new conservatory
dining room.
Study Needless— New Music Read Special rates to school teachers for July.
Easily as a Newspaper, Being Write for rates. Address:
Written in Plain English Let- MRS. LUCY LEE, 5 Plain St., Elmhurst, N. Y.
ters (C-D-E-F-G-A-B-C). After July 1st, The Ocean House, Sea Isle, N. J.
Let Us Show You How to Get Your
Sent Fr ee to P rove If.
Next Suit
FREE
Just Send Address for Complete System
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Do you want this swell suit?
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ny's cost? $30 to $40 would not buy
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from. Drop ua a postal card for
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blanks^ etc.,_etc^_ DON'T WAIT.
Every tning'FREE.

Suit Delivered FREE

:iassyl -
ana ire I Ml
iH Cut I _.
t. I D
Dept. 451

"What Do You Think of That! Never Played

To Every Woman
Now Just Hear Her!"
Before and
Anyone can now play the .piano or
organ with the fingers of both hands.
Not after months of study and practice
and expensive lessons, but RIGHT AWAY
— almost as soon as you get the Easy
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have two children, one is 12 and the other
10, who in a very few minutes could play
it well, and they did not know one note
from another in the old music." V. R.
Perkins, Romney, Ind., says: "I studied
I want every girl and woman to have this daintiest,
'Easy Form' musio fifteen minutes and handiest little Good-LuckVanity Case I ever carried.
then started to play." Thousands of I will send you one FREE. Thin, flat, smooth, round.
similar reports are in, our files. Doesn't With mirror, puff and adjustable powder compart-
this convince you that you can play by ment. Finished in black or any color you name. Fits
this wonderful, new method? purse, hand-bag, corsage or stocking. You'll like it.
Prove it for yourself. Send for com- And you'll like my Special long-lasting Complexion
Powder as 11,000 others do. It is exquisitely fine
plete system and full instructions. Try it abolutely pure. State whether white, pink, flesh or
in your own home for seven days, FREE. brunette powder is wanted. If nowusingmypowder
If you want to keep it, then send us you' llsoon want somemore, so order at once. Send
11.50down, and $1.00 per month for five 60c in coin or stamps and I will forward a large box
of my Complexion Powder and send you the Vanity
months. If not satisfactory, simply re- Case, FREE. Write today.
turn it to us and owe nothing. Isn't that
fair? When writing, state how many HELEN CLARE,Suite24,2637Michigan Ave. Chicago
white keys on your piano or organ, and
whether you play old-style note music.
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the sooner you can entertain your family
and friends with your playing, so send
RARE OPPORTUNITY
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790 Olarkson Bldg. Chicago, 111.
Typewriters free. For particulars address
BOOKS? The Peerless Supply Co.
See pages 324, 325 and 327 1 lO West 134th Street New York City
Mention The Crisis
 — :

324 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

A New Book by Dr. Du Bois

THE NEGRO
By W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS, author of "Souls of Black
Folk," "Quest of the Silver Fleece," "Select Bibliography of
the Negro American," etc.
This isthe authentic romance of the black man. It is a
history of him at once scholarly, earnest and eloquent. He is
considered from the earliest times, and the thread of his fas-
cinating story is followed in Africa, America, and wherever
else it has appeared. To look at the Negro against the back-
ground of his history is to see him in a light fairer than that
in which most Americans have seen him.

256 Pages— 3 Maps— Cloth Bound— By mail 56 cents —Ready April 3rd
At the low price of 50 cents net

Dr. Du Bois's new book is the latest addition to a remarkable

series of low-priced new books with which everybody should be-
come acquainted.
These books may be obtained from The CRISIS, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York

The Home University Library

Is made upof new books by leading authorities.
The editors are Professors GILBERT MURRAY, H. A. L. FISHER, W. T. BREWSTER
and J. ARTHUR THOMSON.
Cloth bound, good paper, clear type, 256 pages per CSf^^»»
volume. Each complete and sold separately - - Ov/Ct nA i
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"A growing wonder of enterprise and sound judgment.
Each volume, entirely new, is furnished by an acknowledged
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even fascinating, scientific enough to be a condensed authority
— and at the nominal price of 50 cents." Hartford Courant.
SOME SELECTED EARLIER VOLUMES
EVOLUTION By J. A. Thomson LATIN AMERICA By W. R. Shepherd
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION VICTORIAN LITERATURE
By Hilaire Belloc By G K Chesterton
ROME By W. Warde Fowler GERMANY OF TODAY
PROBLEMS OF PHILOSOPHY By Charles Tower
By Bertrand Russell EURIPIDES AND HIS AGE
NAPOLEON By H. A. L. Fisher By Gilbert Murray
THE CIVIL WAR By F. L. Paxson UNEMPLOYMENT By A. C. Pigou
94 volumes now ready. Send for a list

HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY 34 w 33d STREET

NEW YORK
Mention The Crisis
 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 325

Atlanta University THE NEGRO

ABLY DEFENDED
Studies of the
Negro Problems The book
man, and
out gloves.
of the hour. Blease, Tillman, Varda-
other demagogues, handled with-
all
A
strong hand is thrown into the
throat of all Negro Haters by the Author of
17 Monographs Sold Separately
"The Conflict and Commingling of the
Address Races."
ATLANTA UNIVERSITY CONFERENCE In this book the question is discussed as never
before, and placed at a price in reach of all.
ATLANTA UNIVERSITY ATLANTA, GA. 75c. per copy. To Foreign Countries,
$1.00 postpaid. Published by the Broad
way Publishing Company, 935 Broadway, New
York, N. Y. For sale by the Author, C. A. A.
The Poems of Phillis Wheatley P. Taylor.

the early Negro poetess collected by I 709-Lombard Street Philadelphia. Pa.

RICHARD R. WRIGHT, JR., and

CHARLOTTE CROGMAN WRIGHT
Price, One Dollar The Curse of Race Prejudice
By James F. Morton, Jr., A. M.
THE CRISIS An aggressive exposure by an Anglo-Saxon cham-
70 Fifth Avenue :: :: :: New York pion of equal rights. Startling facts and crushing
arguments. Fascinating reading. A necessity for
clear understanding and up-to-date propaganda. Be-
longs in the library of every friend of social justice.
"GLEANINGS FROM DIXIE-LAND" Price 25 cents. Send orders to
Ten poems by
Effie T. Battle, A.M.
JAMES F. MORTON, JR.
"Mrs. Battle has an individual gift of melody." 211 West 138th Street New York,
-:- N. Y
— Springfield Republican.
"You owe it to your race to publish your poems in
book form." —Editor, Southwestern Christian Ad-
vocate.
"Verses are smooth, graceful, high-minded and clear, The Story of Wendell Phillips
reverent to all truth, appreciative of all beauty and by
true inspiration."^"-George W. Cable,
PRICE 25 CENTS. CHARLES EDWARD RUSSELL
Address: Okolona Industrial School, "The story of the great abolitionist by a modern
Okolona, Miss. abolitionist."

Mr. Russell says:

The real emancipators of the slaves were Garrison,
Phillips, John Brown and the few that, standing with
SILVER CHORD POEMS them upon the exalted ground of right, despised ex-
pediency and refused to compromise.
By one of the leading poets of the race,
an
This excellent book should be inspiration to
ADOLPHUS JOHNSON. every lover of freedom.

Printed on fine Aberdeen book paper, high-

PRICE, 50 CENTS
ly glazed, and handsomely bound in Olive The CRISIS, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York
green cloth. A
book for every home. In dia-
lect and English. Start the buy a book move-
ment. Agents wanted.

75c« F'ostpaid
FVice PRESIDENTS OF LIBERIA
and other prominent workers. 100 pages, 19 full
page engravings in colors, complete life of all the
THE GRAY PUBLISHING CO. Presidents to 1915. Every library, reading room and
home ought to have a copy. Price $1.25. Advance
420 South 11th St., Philadelphia price for 30 days only 75c. Book will be sent C.
IN NEW YORK AT O. D. Parcel Post when 25c. accompanies order. A
Young's Book Exchange, 135 W. 135th wall chart 16 x 20 of the Negro Presidents that sells
The Crisis, 70 5th Ave. St.
for 50c, free if cash in full is sent with order.
Agents wanted. Write today.
TH0S. H. B. WALKER. 1150 Darwin St.. Jacksonville, Fla.

$25.00 PER
may be made in commissions by
WEEK
parties handling
"History of Negro
Soldiers in Spanish-Americar
War" combined
400 pages
with "History of the Negro Race."
50 illustrations. Price $1.25 net.
WANTED
Address: E. A. JOHNSON Agents for THE CRISIS. Dignified work.
154 Nassau Street NEW YORK 70 Fifth Avenue, New York.
Mention The Crisis
326 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER
LEGAL DIRECTORY REGALIA
T-ohone.: {ft-^W A Race Enterprise
Manufacturing Badges,
HARRY E. DAVIS Banners and Supplies
Attorney-at-Law Notabt Public
1607 Williamson Building Cleveland, Ohio for all Fraternal and
Church Societies. Cat-
OtSc* L, D. Telephone 3297 Market alog upon request.
Residence L. D. Telephone 5277-M Market CENTRAL REGALIA CO.
GEORGE A. DOUGLAS Jos. L. Jones, Pres.
Coonsklok-at-Law N. E. Corner 8th and Plum Streets, Cincinnati, Ohio
Rooms 613-614, Metropolitan Building
111 Market St, Cor. Washington, Newark, N. J.

LADIES!
General Practice

WILLIAM R. MORRIS
Notary Public
$2.40-Per Day-$2.40
Attorney and Counselor-at-Law
Selling our high-grade Food Flavoring.

1020 Metropolitan Life Building Saucepan Free with each order.

Minneapolis Minn. W. HENRY ELMORE, JR.

510 Carolina Street Chattanooga, Tenn.

BROWN S. SMITH
Attorney-at-Law Learn the S. T. Taylor System
Offices: Suite 802 Sykes Block of Garment Cutting, Dressmaking, Ladies' Tailoring, Mil-
Near Third and Hennepin linery, Embroidering and Designing. Prepare yourself to
earn a large salary. The only system which will make its
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Terms reasonable; Spring term just opened. Write for
GEORGE W. MITCHELL catalogue.

Attorney-at-Law S. T. TAYLOR SCHOOL AND PATTERN PARLORS

908 Walnut Street Mrs. Maybel B. Evans, Prin. 132 E. Long St., Columbus, O.
Philadelphia Pa.
Without a Cent of Cost to You
I give you a very fine pure
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Telephone Connection JACK SHANNON CO.
W. Ashbie Hawkins George W. F. McMechen Dept.25,54 E.Monroe St..Chicago

HAWKINS & McMECHEN

BRANCH MANAGERS
||NEED
Attorn eys-at-Law
21 East Saratoga Street Baltimore, Md. ^ L L \3 my world-wide mail-order busi-
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Telephone 5277 Morningside
DR. GERTRUDE E. CURTIS
I FREE
Surgeon Dentist
New York
TAILOR
188 W. 135th Street Citj

WILLIAM L. BELL ERNEST W. KING Mak e $35 to $65 a week show-

ingthisgreatTailor-Book. fcm
Associate Architects Goodssomuchfinerand prices "™*
so much lower, everyone sees
300 Odd Fellow Bldg. ATLANTA, GA. the difference at a glance.
Special Offer
To prove our unequalled quality,
we will let you order at the
J. E. ORMES wholesale price, a Sample Suit or
even a pair of pants as low as$2.25

Audits
ACCOUNTANT Systems
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biggest peg top styles. You can
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We prepay the charges on every order and don't keep acent of
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Box 25, Wilberforce University
Wilberforce, O. The Chicago Tailors' Association
Dept. 237 . Van Buren and MarketSts., CHICAGO

Mention The Crisis

A Selected List of Books
These prices do not include postage. Postage extra.

House Behind the Cedars. (Charles W. Chesnutt) $1.50

Hazel. (Mary White Ovington) 1.00

The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. (Anonymous) 1.20

Lyrics of Lowly Life. (Paul Laurence Dunbar) 1.25

The Marrow of Tradition. (Charles W. Chesnutt) 1.50

The Sport of the Gods. (Paul Laurence Dunbar) 1.50

Norris Wright Cuney. (Maud Cuney Hare) 1.50

A Narrative of the Negro. (Leila Amos Pendleton; 1.50

Souls of Black Folk. (W. E. B. Du Boisj 1.25

Race Adjustment. (Kelly Miller) 2.00

History of the Negro. (B. G. Brawley) 1.25

Half a Man. (Mary White Ovington) 1.00

Mind of Primitive Man. (Franz Boas) 1.50

Aftermath of Slavery. (William Sinclair; 1.50

John Brown. (W. E. B. Du Bois) 1.25

Negro in American History. (J. W. Cromwell) 1.25

Prince Hall and His Followers. (George W. Crawford) 1.00

Liberia. (Frederick Starr) 1.00

Facts of Reconstruction. (John R. Lynch) 1.50

Story of the Negro. 2 Volumes. (Booker T. Washington) 3.00

Masterpieces of Negro Eloquence. (Alice Moore Dunbar, Editor) 2.50
Poems of Paul Laurence Dunbar 2.00
The African Abroad. 2 Volumes. (William H. Ferris) 5.00
Afro-American Folksongs. (H. E. Krehbiel) 2.00
Out of the House of Bondage. (Kelly Miller) 1.50

The Colored Inventor. (Henry E. Baker) 15

A Child's Story of Dunbar. (Julia L. Henderson) 25

Address
THE CRISIS
70 Fifth Avenue :: :: New York City

Mention The Crisis

 HOTEL DALE
FOUR years ago the management
Hotel Dale undertook submit to
of
to
traveling public the opportunity to
choose as a place of abode, during their vaca-
tion in the summer season a first-class hotel,
to supplant the old custom of being crowded
into small lodging and boarding houses, where
the sanitary conditions, as a rule, were not
conducive to good health. The Hotel Dale is
not a pictorial structure on paper, but, in
reality, an architectural building —
a work of
art, a monument to good taste. Every known
device which makes for safety and comfort
has been introduced to make this as complete
a living place as possible, for the accommoda-
tion of our race, where the elite, as well as
others, can enjoy the pleasures of life without
any infraction, surrounded by most pleasant
environments, with accommodations to
the demands of all classes. The interior
this hotel, conceived in perfect taste, even
seemingly insignificant details, cannot be sur-
passed. In fact, as one wanders through the
rooms, it seems more like a dignified, yet
genial, residence than any building of public
nature. The rooms are light, airy and luxuri-
ously furnished, and contain every modern
convenience, including suites with bath.
The dining room is operated on the European
system, and its cuisine rivals that of the finest
hotels of record. Here is a place where those
who appreciate simple elegance of service and
all that makes for ease of living may have their
desire satisfied without extravagance.
The Abyssinian Orchestra renders afternoon
and evening concerts daily during the season.
HOTEL DALE
CAPE MAY,
Mention
the
the
The open-air amusements are numerous, with
lawn tennis courts on the premises.
The moral status of the hotel is above re-
proach.
Until one has seen for himself the charming
rooms in this palatial building, it is not pos-
sible toconceive the grace and elegance of the
decorations, lighting, and furnishing of the
room floors.
The success thus far attained has been very
gratifying, and proves that the management
has made no mistake in the opening of this
gem of seashore resorts, and the public has
demonstrated approval of these efforts by the
patronage afforded.
The prices for the privileges, comforts and
conveniences cannot be had anywhere for less
meet than one is asked to pay in this hotel, and here
of is a good place to puncture an overworked
in misconception concerning the financial require-
ments for a hotel of this class.. Indeed, for
service and surroundings, the rates are low,
and the proprietor who has made possible this
hotel desires it to be understood that every
effort has been made to adjust a minimum rate
to a maximum of service.
A sojourn to Cape May will convince the
most skeptical persons that in registering at
the Hotel Dale, they have visited the most
finely equipped Negro hotel known, where
there nre to be found accommodations un-
equaled.
Requisitions for reservations, or for informa-
tion, will receive prompt attention by address-
ing
NEW JERSEY
Thi Ckisis
un

The CRISIS
Vol. 10—No.l MAY, 1915 Whole No. 55

<ry
of
*>*%»*

ONE DOLLAR A YEAR TEN CENTS A COPY

 : :

Attention, Masons!
A New Book of Interest to You
Prince Hall and His Followers
A carefully argued defense of the legitimacy of Negro Masonry in the
United States, with notes and documents, by
GEORGE W. CRAWFORD, 32°
A graduate of Tuskegee, Talladega and Yale, formerly clerk cf the
Probate Court of New Haven and now a practicing lawyer there. Mr.
Crawford is one of the best informed Masons in the country.
COMMENTS
From James F. Rikards, 33°, Most Puissant Sovereign Grand Commander,
A. & A. Scottish Rite
" 'Prince Hall and His Followers,' written by a scholarly Afro-American, pre-
sents to the Masonic world a treatise on the legitimacy of Negro Masonry that
should be in the hands of every Mason seeking for Truth. The information
contained in the chapter devoted to Prince Hall is alone worth to the young
Mason the price of the book. Brother Crawford's easy and pleasing style
creates in the reader a desire to complete the volume before putting the book
out of his hands."

From Henry A. Spencer, 33°, Grand Master and Grand Commander of

Knights Templar of New York :

"The book fills a long-felt want among intelligent Masons of our Race.
To know that we are right, and to substantiate that fact by intelligent research
and logical statements, is worth more to us than what the other fellow may
say. This is what Brother Crawford's book does and it should be in the hands
;

of every Mason of our Race."

From Jose H. Sherwood, 33°, Past Grand Master of Minnesota and

Deputy Imperial Potentate of Shriners :

"A very strong brief, setting forth plainly the legitimacy of Prince Hall
Masonry, and, as well, a stern call to all Negroes to assume full pride in the
happy possession of a Rite which can show such clear proofs of its contentions."

From William H. Grimshaw, 33°, Past Grand Master of the District of

Columbia and author of "A History of Colored Freemasonry"
"I have read with great pleasure 'Prince Hall and His Followers.' The book
is well written, containing clear and convincing diction. The impartial accuracy
with which the facts are marshalled makes the book a very valuable asset
to Masons."

Price One Dollar. Postage Extra.

ORDER NOW AGENTS WANTED

THE CRISIS
70 Fifth Avenue :: :: New York

Mention Tin Ctini

THE CRISIS
A RECORD OF THE DARKER RACES
PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF
COLORED PEOPLE. AT 70 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY
Conducted by
W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS
AUGUSTUS GRANVILLE DILL, Business Manager

Contents Copyrighted, 1915, by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Contents for May, 1915

PICTURES
COVER— Photograph from Life Page
WILLIAM WILBERFORCE 13
CARTOON. By John Henry Adams 26

ARTICLES
MR. TAYLOR'S FUNERAL. A Story. (Concluded)
By Charles W. Chesnutt 34
POEMS. By Benjamin Brawley 37
"OLIVER CROMWELL." By W. T. Freeman 42

DEPARTMENTS
ALONG THE COLOR LINE 7

MEN OF THE MONTH :_. 13

OPINIONS 16
EDITORIAL 28
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COL-
ORED PEOPLE 38
FIGHTING RACE CALUMNY •_
40
THE BURDEN 43

TEN CENTS A COPY; ONE DOLLAR A YEAR

FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS TWENTY-FIVE CENTS EXTRA
RENEWALS : When a subscription blank is attached to this page a renewal of your subscrip-
tion is desired. The date of the expiration of your subscription will be found on the wrapper.
CHANGE OF ADDRESS: The address of a subscriber can be changed as often as desiied.
In ordering a change of address, both the old and the new address must be given. Two weeks'
notice is required.
MANUSCRIPTS and drawings relating to colored people are desired. They must be accom-
panied by return postage. If found unavailable they will be returned.
Entered *» Second-class Matter in the Post Office at New York. N. Y.
 :

THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

Atlanta University MOREHOUSE COLLEGE

(Formerly Atlanta Baptist College)
Is beautifully located in the City of Atlanta,
High ATLANTA, GA.
Ga. The courses of study include
School, Normal School and College, with Academy, Divinity School
College,
manual training and domestic science. Among An institution famous within recent years
the teachers are graduates of Yale, Harvard, for its emphasis on all sides of manly develop-
Dartmouth and Wellesley. Forty-five years —
ment the only institution in the far South
of successful work have been completed. devoted solely to the education of Negro
Students come from all parts of the South. young men.
Graduates are almost universally successful. Graduates given high ranking by greatest
For further information address northern universities. Debating, Y. M. C. A.,
athletics, all live features.
President EDWARD T. WARE For information address
ATLANTA, GA.
JOHN HOPE, President

Knoxville College ST. MARY'S SCHOOL

Beautiful Situation. Healthful Location.
An Episcopal boarding and day school for
The Best Moral and Spiritual Environ- under the direction of the Sisters of St.
girls,
ment. A
Splendid Intellectual Atmos- Mary. Address
phere. Noted for Honest and Thorough THE SISTER-IN-CHARGE
Work. 611 N. 43d St. W. Philadelphia, Pa.
Offers full courses in the following departments:
College, Normal, High School, Grammar School and
Industrial.
Good water, steam
age.
-

heat, electric lights, good drain-

Expenses very reasonable.
.
AVOID BAD SCHOOLS
Opportunity for self-help.
Educate your children at home under our expert teachers
Fall Term Began September, 1914. Courses for Adults
For information address Pupils received at any time. Write to
President R. W. McGRANAHAN Educational Extension School, Box 3194 Station F, Washington, D.C.
KNOXVTLLE, TENN. Highly Endorsed. Financially Responsible.

State Summer School WILEY UNIVERSITY

MARSHALL, TEXAS
Recognized as a college of the First Class
by Texas and Louisiana State Boards of
Sixteenth Annual Session
Education. Harvard, Yale and Columbia
will begin July 5, 1915 at
represented on its faculty ; students gath-
the Agricultural and Tech-
ered from ten different states.
nical College, (formerly
A. & M. College) and con- Strongest Music Department in the West
tinue five weeks.
M. W. DOGAN, President

Write for catalog.

FISK UNIVERSITY
Secure lodging in advance. NASHVILLE, TENN.
Founded 1866
Thorough Literary, Scientific, Educational,
Musical and Social Science Courses. Pioneer
Address Special study in Negro life.
in Negro music.
J. H. BLUFORD, Director Ideal and sanitary buildings and grounds.
STATE SUMMER SCHOOL Well-equipped Science building.
Christian home life.
GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA High standard of independent manhood and
JAS. B. DUDLEY, President womanhood. For literature, etc., write
C. W. Morrow, Acting President.

Mention The Crisis

 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

The National Religious Training School

\ "I cordially commend the school's interest and needs to all who believe
in the Negro race and in our obligation to help promote its intellectual, moral
and religious uplift."
— Rev. Dr. Charles H. Parkhurst, New York City.

IT IS MORE THAN A MERE SCHOOL

IT IS A COMMUNITY OF SERVICE AND UPLIFT
Its influence is destined to be felt in all sections of the country in improved
Negro community life wherever our trained workers locate.
Settlement workers, missionaries for home and foreign mission fields, Y. M. C. A.
and Y. W.
C. A. secretaries and district nurses receive a comprehensive grasp of their
studies under a Wellesley graduate and experienced co-workers and actual every-day
practice through the school's SOCIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT.
We aim also to create a better qualified ministry.
Industrial training, advanced literary branches, business school.
Thirty-two acres ten modern buildings ; healthful location.
;

We can accommodate a few more earnest, ambitious students.

Communities requiring social workers should write us.

For catalog and detailed information address:

PRESIDENT JAMES E. SHEPARD
National Religious Training School Durham, N. C
The school has no endowment fund and must raise a yearly maintenance fund
of $15,000 for running expenses. Won't you help us this year?

The Cheyney Training School for Teachers

CHEYNEY, PENNSYLVANIA

Under the management of the Society of Friends. Beautifully located,

healthful, well appointed, and within easy reach of a great variety of educa-
tional institutions, public and private, extending from West Chester to
Philadelphia; representing a wide range of educational problems and
practice.

This school offers to young colored men and women who have a reasonable
secondary school preparation, and who earnestly desire to become teachers,
carefully graded courses in academic work, domestic science, domestic art,
manual crafts and agriculture. Summer school will not be held at Cheyney
during 1915, but will open on an improved basis in 1916. Tuition is free.
Board, lodging, heat, light and laundry privileges are offered for nine
months for $100. The charge for the same during the summer-school
course is $15. Write for particulars to

LESLIE PINCKNEY HILL, Principal

Mention The Crisis

 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER
0F = INTEREST TO VOCAL STUDENTS E. ALDAMA JACKSON
TONE-PLACING AND Graduate Institute of Musical Art, Organist and Director
VOICE- DEVELOPMENT of Music St. Mark's M. E. Church

Points explained, viz.: Breath in Teacher of Theory and Piano

Singing, Trying the Voice, the Theory course embraces elementary and advanced
Soprano, the Mezzo-Soprano, the Harmony or Counterpoint.
Contralto, Tenor Leggiero or High
Tenor, the Baritone, the Bass, Private or Class Work
Parts of the Vocal Apparatus, the
Mouth, the Tongue, Position when
Studio : 30 W. 132d STREET, NEW YORK CITY
Practising, Position when Singing,
How to Practice, Good Rules for
Singing.
CONCERT SOLOIST
Cdmment from the conductor of the Paulist Chor- LULA ROBINSON-JONES, Soprano
isters, the celebrated choral society which received
the first prize awarded at the International Singing
For terms write 126 West 134 Street, New York City
Contest held in Paris on May 25, 1912:
"Dear Mr. Tinsley: High-Grade
"I take great pleasure in commending your very
useful and succinctly written book on 'Tone-Placing
by
Instruction
and Voice-Development.' Your own appreciation of
the psychology of singing and the fundamental prin-
ciples of the art you have cleverly reduced to a
simple system. Cordially yours,
"Father WILLIAM J. FINN, C. S. P.,
LAW
Four Courses:
Correspondence
Prepares for the Bar

Post-Graduate,
College,
Director Paulist Choristers of Chicago." Business Law and Bar Examination
Review. Improved Methods; Standard
From "Musical Courier," N. Y.: "A very practical Text-books, Leading Cases; Lectures;
little book is 'Tone-Placing and Voice-Development,' Moot Court; Brief-Writing; Practice; 1

by Pedro T. Tinsley. It contains some very excellent Degrees. Classes begin on first and ?
material and vocal exercises, and should be in the third Mondays. Actual daily lessons. .{$
hands of all vocal students." Not a "book-selling concern" but a
From "Music News," Chicago, 111.: "Accordingly recognized Law School
'Practical Method of Singing' is a most concise
his
and practical little manual, containing many valuable
Approved by Bench and Bar
vocal exercises. It cannot fail to be helpful to all Write today for Catalog giving
the Rules for Admission to the
ambitious vocal students."
Bar and showing the Require-
HELPED HIM GREATLY ments in each State.
"Since I practised your exercises of 'Tone-Placing Chicago Correspondence School of Law
and Voice-Development' my voice is more resonant
than it has been for years. It seems to me that I
499 Reaper Block, Chicago
am getting a new voice." Prof. John T. Layton,
Director Coleridge-Taylor Musical Society, 1722 10th
St, N. W., Washington, D. C. PRINTPR
J-ilV
Experienced in
book and job printing, wishes
newspaper,
PRICE $1.00
Address the publisher: Pedro T. Tinsley, 6448 Drexel position as manager or instructor in printing.
Ave., Chicago, 111.; Summy, 64 J£. Van
or Clayton F. Married; strictly sober ; Al references.
Buren St., or Lyon & Healy, Adams and Wabash
Ave., Chicago, 111.
Write G. C. DENNIS
1138 Carrollton Avenue Baltimore, Md.
THE NATIONAL TEACHERS' AGENCY
Through us school authorities, without expense or A teacher of domestic science trained at Cheyney
delay, get into communication with the strongest and with a year and a half's experience in teaching wishes
most carefully investigated teachers in all lines. a position next year. She refers with permission to
Teachers who seek positions or advancement should the principal of Cheyney and to the Editor of The
register with us and avail themselves of our expert Crisis. She can also assist in music.
service. Prompt and courteous attention to corres- Address A. B. D.,
pondence.
B. F. BOWLES, Manager. Care of The CRISIS
2739 Converse Avenue East St. Louis. III. 70 Fifth Avenue New York City

HAVE YOU RACE PRIDE?

Then you will want one or all of our New Photo-
graphs of Famous Negroes, Beautiful just out.
large 12 x 14 pictures of Frederick Douglas, Booker
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Crispus Attucks, Alexandre Dumas, S. Coleridge
Taylor, Richard T. Greener, and W. E. B. Du Bois.
The finest pictures of their kind, heavily mounted,
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Agents Wanted Everywhere
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3548 Vernon Ave. (Dept. K) Chicago. Ill*

(Trade Mark)

Mention The Crisis

 THE CRISIS
Vol. 10 -No. 1 MAY,
MUSIC AND ART
T^fME. ANITA PATTI BROWN
!~ gave a concert in the City Hall
auditorium of Dallas, Texas, and also at
the City Hall at Waco. The local white
paper alludes to her as a singer "with a
voice that was sweet and musical and a
modesty, refinement and culture that re-
flected great credit upon her race."
CA well attended concert for the benefit
of the Howard Orphanage was held in
New York City at the Lafayette Theatre.
Dr. Katherine B. Davis and the Hon.
Charles W. Anderson spoke, and the
Tempo Club and others furnished the
music.
CThe third annual concert of the Music
School Settlement for Colored People in
New York City was held at Carnegie
Hall. This concert has become one of
the musical events of the season. This
year Roland W. Hayes sang, Ethel
Richardson played and a chorus of 150
voices gave the first part of Coleridge-
Taylor's "Hiawatha."
CMr. Percy Grainger, pianist of Austra-
lia, who
has scored a triumph in America
this season and proven his right to be
reckoned with the world's great artists,
gives a most interesting interview in the
New York Evening Post concerning
Negro music and the influence of the
Negro idiom on English musicians.
C"A Tale of Old Japan," Coleridge-
Taylor's beautiful cantata after the poem
by Alfred Noyes, was given a fine per-
formance under the conductorship of
Dr. Jules Jordan at the first concert of
the Narragansett Choral Society at
Peace Dale, R. I.
1915 Whole No. 55
CThe People's Choral Society of Phil-
adelphia rendered Handel's oratorio of
the "Messiah" at the ninth annual con-
cert, March 4th. The chorus of 100
voices was assisted by Miss Abbie Mit-
chell, soprano, Miss Jean Kelly, con-
tralto, Roland W. Hayes, tenor and
Richard C. Clarke, bass.
CIn a series of recitals at the State
Normal School, Prairie View, Texas,
Mme. Anita Patti Brown, soprano, Jo-
seph Douglass, violinist and Carl Diton,
pianist, have been presented to the pu-
pils.
d'Aunt Sally," a song by Horace Clark
written after the Negro idiom, shows the
typical pentatonic inflections and is on
the whole admirable.
SOCIAL UPLIFT
HP HE United States Census Bureau
** reports that the death rate of
Negroes of the United States decreased
from 29.4 per thousand in 1900 to 25.5
in 1910. Returns, however, include only
about one-fifth of the total Negro popu-
lation. There has been a decrease in the
death rate from tuberculosis and pneu-
monia.
CAt the sixth annual interscholastic
track meet at Chicago the Rock Island
High School won. Each of its twenty
points was scored by Solomon Butler,
a colored student. He took first place in
the 60 yard dash, the 12 pound shot-put
and the broad jump. In the 60 yard
high hurdles he not only won first place
but tied the world's record.
C There is a report that over 50,000
colored workingmen are in the ammuni-
 THE
tion plants of Great Britain and that
without them the plants would be un-
able to cope with their work.
([Richard Lonsdale Brown has given an
exhibition of paintings in Washington at
the residence of Mrs. Carrie W. Clifford.
([The colored railway mail clerks of
Chicago have formed an organization to
affiliate with the National Postal Alli-
ance.
([Park facilities for colored people are
to be furnished in El Paso, Texas, and
Lexington, Ky.
([It is reported that Mrs. Hattie L. Mat-
lock, of Cleveland, Ohio, has won five
cash prizes offered by daily papers of
that city for essays on economics and
household hints. She also won third
prize last fall at the Cleveland Flower
and Garden Show.
([Robert Gould Shaw House, the Bos-
ton Settlement, reports total receipts
lastyear of $4,975.
([The Mu-so-lit Club of Washington,
D. C, entertained the Hon. Henry B. F.
Macfarland, former Chairman of the
Board of Commissioners at a recent
meeting to discuss the fiscal affairs of
the District.
([The Phalanx Club of Chicago has a
membership of 261 persons. It is
organized for social uplift.
([Dr. Charles W. Kerr, a colored man,
has put the dental department of the
College of Physicians and Surgeons of
Boston out of business. The College
was offering degrees which it had no
right to confer. Dr. Kerr sued them and
was awarded damages.
([John Oneley, a 17 year old colored
float driver of Brenham, Texas, saved
the life of a white driver by stopping a
runaway team.
as
MEETINGS
A MASS meeting was held in Brook-
f\ lyn to protest against the outrage-
ous aspersions upon the colored race
made by Prof. William S. Meyers, of
Princeton, N. J. Meyers now says that
he was partially misquoted.
C Health Week was observed largely by
colored people throughout the country.
In Baltimore three days' sessions of
crowded meetings were held. At Rich-
mond, Va., and at Hampton there were
large meetings.
CRISIS
([At a recent dinner of the Socialist
Press Club of New York City, race pre-
judice and socialism was discussed be-
fore 500 diners. Among the speakers
were Prof. Jacques Loeb, of the Rocke-
feller Institute, Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois,
Prof. Franz Boaz, of Columbia Univer-
sity, Dr. Robert H. Lowie, of the
Museum of Natural History and Henri-
etta Szold.
([The colored masons of Florida held
their forty-fifth annual communication
at Jacksonville. They had a large at-
tendance.
([The second annual educational con-
gresswas held at the Allen A. M. E.
Church in Tacoma, Washington.
([The Southern Sociological Congress
will hold fourth annual session in
its
Houston, Texas, May 8th to 11th. The
general subject will be the conservation
of health and one of the departments
will be "Health and Race Relations."
There will be about 60 speakers includ-
ing several colored men. For informa-
tion address, The Southern Sociological
Congress, 323-6th Avenue, N., Nash-
ville,Tenn.
([The John 'Adams Chapter of the
Daughters of the American Revolution
held a meeting at the Hotel Bruns-
wick recently. The work of Atlanta
University was presented by a daughter
of the founder. Musical selections were
given by Mr. William H. Richardson,
baritone and Mrs. Maud Cuney Hare,
pianist.
^EDUCATION
T T is reported that the South Carolina
* Legislature has passed a compulsory
education law to go into effect July 1st.
It has, however, a number of loopholes
which will make it only partially appli-
cable to colored children.
([Charles H. Houston, a colored senior
of Amherst College, has been elected to
the Phi Beta Kappa.
([Gammon Theological Seminary has a
new dining hall.
([State teachers' associations have met
in Louisville, Ky., Nashville, Tenn., and
Montgomery, Ala.
([Dr. C. A. Smith, Professor of English
in the University of Virginia, recently
 ALONG THE COLOR LINE
M
^^j
&&&M
W^fmmF.
WI^^^^
IkilwEiMX \ to
MM
TROOP E, 9th CAVALRY, U. S. A.,
addressed one of the literary societies of
Hampton Institute.
CThe students of Hartshorn Memorial
College have been celebrating the birth-
day of Miss Carrie B. Dyer who has
been a teacher there for more than 30
years.
Cln Little Rock, Ark., a portrait of
Mrs. Charlotte E. Stephens has been un-
veiled in the Stephens School which is
named after her. She has served more
than 40 years in the city public schools.
Cln a recent contest for ten pathescope
moving picture machines offered by The
Washington Post, the William Lloyd
Garrison School (colored) stood seventh
with a total vote of 396,590.
CThe first school, bank in the United
States to be operated by students in
colored schools was opened at the Arm-
strong Manual Training School after the
Easter recess. A president, cashier and
board of directors were elected.
C Colored teachers will replace white
teachers in the Richmond, Va., colored
high school.
CMr. Richard R. Wright reports that
the ignorance in the Mississippi Delta is
appalling among Negroes, reaching in
some counties 75 per cent, of illiteracy.
Teachers are poorly prepared and re-
ceive not more than $18 or $25 a month.
CA colored supervisor of elementary
colored schools is proposed by a bill
offered in the Tennessee Legislature.
CThe Virginia Colored Teachers' Asso-
ciation reports that $42,000 has been
raised by colored people for their schools
outside of regular taxes.
PERSONAL
T\yT RS. LEAH JONES who died re-
1VJ cently in Little Rock, Ark., has left
-
$1,600 for colored missions. She was a
colored member of the Lutheran church.
ii% -
4 / 4Mflfc~~'
GUARDING THE BORDER AT DOUGLAS, ARIZONA
CMr. Caesar Simmons has been ap-
pointed postmaster for Boley, Oklahoma.
Clt is reported that Sanders Cooper, a
colored man of Philadelphia, has been
appointed official trumpeter at the San
Francisco Exposition.
CMiss Lydia Barksdale, a colored
graduate nurse of the Provident Hos-
pital, Chicago, is serving in the European
war. She has charge of a number of
white nurses.
CW. B. Paterson, for 40 years head of
the State Normal School for Teachers,
at Montgomery, Ala., died recently in his
67th year. He was a Scotchman by
birth.
CDr. Booker T. Washington made a
tour through the state of Louisiana dur-
ing the month of April speaking at vari-
ous places. -**(
CThe General Assembly of Illinois ad-
journed out of respect of the memory of
the late Major John C. Buckner, a for-
mer colored member.
CMrs. Carrie Langston, widow of the
late John Mercer Langston, died recently
in Washington at the age of 83.
CDr. C. T. Nichol, a colored dentist of
Chicago, has recently been appointed
dental inspector in the colored schools.
CS. H. Hart, Jr., was admitted to the
Bar of Jacksonville, Fla., standing at the
head of 26 applicants.
CMrs. Elizabeth Kelley of Pittsburgh,
Pa., celebrated her 86th birthday re-
cently. She is the mother of nine child-
ren and reads without glasses.
C Frederick D. McCracken, secretary to
Congressman Stephens, loses his position
on account of the defeat of the Con-
gressman in the last election. He was
the only colored man holding such a
position.
CThe Rev. Preston Taylor has sub-
scribed $1,000 to the colored Y. M. C.
A., Nashville, Tenn.
10 THE
([Yolande Du Bois finished her second
term at Bedales School, Hants, England,
and spent her Easter holidays with her
mother in London. Mrs. Young, wife
of Major Charles Young, U. S. A.,
joined Mrs. Du Bois about the same time
with her children whom she had just
removed from the Belgian war zone.
Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois is resting
Jamaica during the month of April.
C President B. F. Allen of Lincoln In-
stitute has been re-elected by the Regents
for two years.
C Through the efforts of lawyer W. A.
Carter and others, the mayor of Cincin-
nati has declared that the examination
of candidates for positions in the fire de-
partment of the city cannot be confined
to colored men.
CMrs. Eloise Bibb Thompson of Los
Angeles, Cal., is making her mark as a
staff writer on the Los Angeles Tribune.
For several successive weeks she has had
three column articles on Negro leaders
and happenings in the colored world.
CW. Randolph Granger, a New York
colored boy, saved the day for Dart-
mouth in the relay race for teams of four
men, each to run 1,000 yards, taking the
first place from John W. Overton of
Yale in a finish that brought all the parti-
san and non-partisan spectators to their
feet cheering. The New Yorker, who
represents the Irish-American Athletic
Club during the summer, literally ran
himself into the ground to breast the tape
ahead of Overton, but he got there with
five yards to spare. Then, to show that
he was far from the collapsing condition
in which he finished the 1,000-yard con-
test, he came back in the medley relay,
and, running the final leg of 1,000 yards,
gave Ted Meredith, the Pennsylvania
champion, another great battle.
CMr. W. M. Trotter, editor of the Bos-
ton Guardian, has been lecturing in New
York, Louisville and elsewhere to large
audiences.
ECONOMICS
T N the decade from 1900 to 1910 the
* number of homes owned by Negroes
in the Southern states increased by 102,-
912 or 31.4 per cent; this increase cov-
ering increase in farm homes of 30,449,
CRISIS
or 16.7 per cent., and in other homes of
72,463, or 49.8 per cent. Further figures
are total number of farm homes owned
:
in the South 212,507; total number of
other homes owned 217,942, grand total
430,449. This makes throughout the
South an owned home to every twenty
Negro inhabitants. In Texas there is an
in owned home to every twelve Negro in-
habitants; in Kentucky one for every
thirteen; in Oklahoma one for every
fourteen and in Florida one for every
fifteen.
f[The United Brothers of Friendship, a
fraternal insurance organization of
Texas, reports a total income of $39,-
300 for the last three months.
([The Odd Fellows of Arkansas have
collected $93,700 in their insurance de-
partment since October 1913.
CSalena B. Reber has inherited from
her godfather who recently died in
Denver a fortune which amounts to
nearly $100,000.
([The Clover Leaf Casualty Company,
a white insurance company of Jackson-
ville, 111., has for the past two years been
running its St. Louis office under the
management of colored agents. Mr. J.
J. Allen was the first district manager
and has now been made state manager.
E. Hawkins succeeds him.
([William H. Henderson, a colored
preacher of Los Angeles, is said to be
worth $100,000 made chiefly through
the handling of real estate. He is at
present promoting a religious movement
which includes a stock company and a
bank.
([Liberty Theatre, owned and controlled
exclusively by colored men, has been
opened on Beale Avenue, Memphis. It
is devoted to moving pictures.
C Sixty-one Negro railway mail clerks
run out of St. Louis. Their salaries
amount to over $90,000 a year. New
Orleans has about the same number
while Atlanta has 90 clerks receiving
over $130,000 a year.
([The Grand Lodge of the Knights of
Pythias of South Carolina has paid
$80,000 to deceased members in the last
ten years.
CJ. W. McCall has opened a dry goods
store in Savannah, Ga. This is the
second colored store of the kind in the
city.
 ALONG THE COLOR LINE 11

the campaign against

German South Af-
rica.

CSir Henry Lionel

Galway, Governor of
South Australia, in a
recent public speech,
depreciated the
"White Australia"
policy, and urged the
development of the
Northern Territory
by colored labor. He
has become the ob-
ject of sharp adverse
comment. The Prime
Minister declares
that his words are a
"grave official indis-
cretion which cannot
be allowed to pass
for a single day with-
out protest."

THE CHURCH
M R. HENRY
SACHS writes
us: "Before I left
Colorado Springs for
the winter, I drew
your attention to the
Home in the Springs,
which was originally
created b y the late
Bishop Grant for
superannuated col-
THE COLORED ALABAMA PENNY SAVINGS BANK ored ministers. I

pointed out how neg-

If The Hatchett Electric Float Company
has been organized in Cleveland, Ohio,
to manufacture several devices patented
by Andrew Hatchett, a colored electric
contractor.
FOREIGN
rTy
HE land question in Rhodesia has
-*-
been submitted to the English
Privy Council for adjudication.
CThe Consultative Committee of the
South African Native Congress has been
called into consultationon labor matters
for the government. Some of the natives
are to be used as drivers and laborers in
lected that institution was. After coming
to San Antonio I decided to visit the
grave of the late Bishop Grant, who, as
we all know, was not alone charitable
throughout his life, but who left quite a
fortune to charity and philanthropy. I
was amazed to find that his executors
had not yet after three years had elapsed
erected any kind of a monument to mark
his grave.
"I am enclosing herewith as evidence
picture of a monument which stands at
the head of his wife's grave and on my
right in this picture is the Bishop's grave,
marked only by a piece of board. It
seems to me a very unfitting way to
 : :
12
THE NEGLECTED GRAVE OF THE LATE
BISHOP GRANT
mark the grave of a man who had ac-
complished so much for his people."
{[The Union Wesley A. M. E. Zion
Church, Twenty-third Street, Washing-
ton, recently dedicated a mammoth new
Carnegie organ. A
prominent organist
played and Bishop Walters made an ad-
dress. This church boasts that it is the
first church ill this section
such a gift from Mr. Carnegie.
{[The colored citizens of Detroit sent a
wreath to the bier of Father Charles
O. Reilly, a much esteemed Catholic
priest.
THE GHETTO
r
I ^ HE
colored people of Jacksonville,
J
A Fla., are opposing the school bond
issue. Out of a bond issue of $1,000,000
for schools, the city is proposing to ap-
propriate only $115,000 to colored peo-
ple. The colored people say that this is
"unjust, outrageous and inequitable."
They add
"As example of the partiality shown
us in the past, the white schools now
have property worth One Million ($1,-
000,000), while the colored only have
THE CRISIS
property worth Thirty Thousand ($30,-
000), notwithstanding the number of
colored children are said to be equal to
the number
of whites. And now from
this Million Dollar Bond Issue we are
only to get One Hundred Fifteen Thou-
sand ($115,000) for new buildings and
equipments. If you are fair minded,
contrast the present comfortable build-
ings for whites, with the broken down
shacks used by colored children and then
you will agree with us in this conten-
tion."
{[ During a meeting of educators in Cin-
cinnati certain of the meetings were held
at the Hotel Sinton which is owned by
the wife of ex-President Taft. Colored
delegates were not allowed to use pas-
senger elevators.
CTh.e Los Angeles Times conducted a
women's subscription contest with auto-
mobiles for prizes. It announced that
"no colored ladies are eligible."
{[When Peter Bell, a Negro lawyer, ap-
peared at the Camden County Superior
Court, South Carolina, he had to be pro-
tected by the sheriff as the white natives
had never seen a colored lawyer.
C White citizens of St. Louis are trying
to have the entrance to the colored high
school changed to a less conspicuous
street.
{[Oklahoma is talking of changing her
"Jim-Crow" car law in accordance with
the supposed views of the Supreme
Court.
{[It is reported from Tuskegee that the
to receive
accommodations for colored people at
the San Francisco Exposition will be
poor.
CRIME
f
r
I
"*
HE
lynchings since our last record
A have been as follows
Alexander Hill, Brooksville, Miss.
— murder.
Pink Goodson, Hickory, N. C, — liv-
ing in a white neighborhood.
The wife and child of Joe Perry,
Henderson, N. C, were killed arid Perry
and his brother probably fatally wound-
ed — reason unknown.
Six residents of West Philadelphia
have been haled to court for riot last
November for trying to get rid of the
Negro householder.
 WILLIAM WILBERFORCE
AN ABOLITIONIST in the English House of Commons after

o N the 12th of May, 1789, William

Wilberforce returned to his seat
a serious illness. He found that his life
work of stopping the African slave trade
14 THE CRISIS

had been carried on by the great Wil-

liam Pitt. Wilberforce threw himself
into the work with renewed energy.
Year after year he introduced his mo-
tion to abolish the slave trade. Year
after year he was defeated. It was not
until 1807 that the motion finally passed
and the abolition of slavery in English
colonies did not come until a month
after the death of Wilberforce, which
took place in 1833 in the 74th year of
his age.
Our illustration represents him in the
prime of young manhood, just as his
life work was beginning.

A COUNSELLOR
EDWARD GREENE was born in
Naugatuck, Conn., in His
1882.
parents early moved to Ohio where he
was educated in the public schools and at
the Case School of Applied Science.
Afterward he entered the Law School of
Western Reserve University and was ad-
mitted to the Bar in 1907. During his

LIZABETH NEILL

high school and college course he was

noted as a football player.
In 1909 he was appointed enrolling
clerk of the Ohio Senate and in 1915
was made Special Counsel in the office
of the Attorney General of Ohio.

A PERFECT BABY
OF 379 babies entered in the Wash-
ington, D. C, "Better Babies"
contest nine were awarded prizes or
certificates. Of these Elizabeth Neill,
daughter of Mr. and Mrs. James L.
Neill, 906 T Street, N. W., made an
average of 99% and was awarded a first
prize certificate. Of the babies in her
division (one year old or under) only
one made a higher average and one
other equalled the average of Elizabeth.
The daily press of the city in report-
ing the outcome of the contest took
pains to say that Elizabeth Neill was the
"best colored baby." The fact is there
was only one contest, one standard by
EDWARD GREENE which all the babies were judged, and
 MEN OF THE MONTH IS

one set of judges. The average of yyyo
and the certificate which went with it
were won not in a contest with colored
babies .only, but with 379 babies, most
of whom were white, some colored and
at least one Chinese.
a few years ago, after spending twenty
years as a missionary for the Southern
Presbyterian Church in the Belgian
Congo, many of his friends felt sure
that African labors and hardships had
incapacitated him from further service.

The story of Dr. Sheppard's brave

A PHILANTHROPIST and successful attacks on the chartered
Ti/TRS. ELLEN BRANSFORD, an Belgian rubber companies that had com-
**" ex-slave, died recently at Little mitted unspeakable atrocities among the
Rock, Arkansas, aged 74 years she left
; helpless Africans is a matter of histori-
her entire savings of $6,000 to the Luth- cal record. That Dr. Sheppard has
eran Church for religious and education- "come back" physically is a genuine
al work among Negroes. Mrs. Brans- gain for the South. Today Dr. Shep-
ford was a charter member of the first pard is doing in Louisville, Kentucky,
Colored Lutheran Church in the United some notably constructive social uplift
States, organized July 3, 1878 at Little work for his people. He is working in

Rock. The church has been without a
pastor of its own for 21 years. Pastor
A. H. Poppe of the white English-Ger-
man Lutheran Church officiated at her
funeral and the choir of his church
rendered suitable songs. The February
issue of the Lutheran Pioneer and of the
Missionstaube contained extended obit-
uaries of this consistent christian. Mrs.
Bransford never had a picture of her-
self taken.
A MISSIONARY
VfcT HEN Rev. Dr. William H. Shep-
* * pard, Fellow of the Royal Geo-
graphical Society, returned to America
sympathetic co-operation with Rev. John
Little and other southern white men and
women.
William H. Sheppard was born in
Waynesboro, Virginia, in 1865. He
found his way to Hampton in the early
eighties and there received the inspira-
tion to devote his life to the service of
his fellowmen. Then followed hard
years in carrying the gospel and ideas
of education to the natives of Central
Africa. Whether facing hostile canni-
bal chiefs or unscrupulous officials dom-
inated by the will of King Leopold, Dr.
Sheppard has displayed courage, pa-
tience and faith.

WILLIAM H. SHEPPARD
 : :
OpiAi?*^
THE RIGHT TO WORK
racial It iscurious to see how the
economics problem of disfranchise-
ment is more and more be-
coming the problem of work in the
South. There was a time when these
were supposed to represent opposite
poles of thought and aim. Let us fol-
low, however, some recent southern ar-
guments.
The Columbia State is not satisfied
over the present disfranchisement laws
of South Carolina. It says :
"The main qualifications for suffrage
in the State constitution of 1895 are that
the applicants for registration shall be
able to read and write any section of the
constitution or show that he has paid
taxes on property assessed for taxation
at $300 or more.
"According to the census of 1910,
there were 20,372 Negro farm owners
in the State and, presumably, practically
all of these pay taxes on property as-
sessed at as much as $300. Many Ne-
groes in addition to these own houses
and lots in towns and cities and a few
pay taxes on personal property assessed
at $300.
"About 38 per cent, of the Negroes
in the State are illiterates. The remain-
ing 62 per cent, are literate, more or less.
"It is conservative to say that at least
40,000 or 50,000 of 172,000 Negro males
of voting age in the State can not be pre-
vented legally from obtaining registra-
tion certificates."
Even if these intelligent colored prop-
erty holders register, they cannot really
vote, for, as the State continues
"With one accord our political leaders
insist that no white man shall be pre-
vented from voting in the primary and,
so long as the primary is the election
that elects, there is nothing to induce the
illiterate or propertyless white man to
fit himself to be a legal elector. These
:
same leaders, most of them, refuse to
press for a compulsory school attendance
law and so they consent to the growing
up of thousands of white men in illiter-
acy.
"Of course, the politicians with the
foreknowledge that the solid white man's
primary is a perpetual institution in
South Carolina may answer that increase
of poverty and illiteracy of white men
would not hurt or affect their political
position. Some
of them, for all we know,
have had a supernatural revelation that
not ten or twenty years in the future or
at any time will the white party split,
and that never will the literate and tax-
paying Negroes seek to register. At this
moment, however, the national Repub-
lican party is furnishing the Negroes
with an incentive to register by making
representation in national Republican
conventions dependent on the number of
votes polled in Congressional elections."
The Newark (N. J.) Evening Neivs
adds
"It would be a remarkable illustration
of 'hoist with its own petar' if the very
measures taken to insure white suprem-
acy in South Carolina should in the end
operate to overthrow it."
Signs multiply that tell us that the
South is rapidly making up its mind that
economic suppression must be added to
political disfranchisement if the Negro
is to be kept in his place.
Riley Hale says in the Macon (Ga.)
Telegraph
"If the Negro man were desirable in
every other respect, he would not be un-
desirable as a voter and this is the weak
;
spot in the southern attitude toward the
Negro, which gives it so little convinc-
ing weight with the outside world. It is
the failure of southern statesmen and
publicists to grasp the fact that the po-
litical aspect of the Negro problem is its
least important feature; that it is the in-
 :
OPINIONS
dustrial and economic blight of his phys-
ical presence, and worst of all the psy-
chicand social significance of a negroid
environment for the white race which
should cause them disquietude, that
makes thoughtful students of the prob-
lem everywhere turn from them with
impatient — sometimes contemptuous, in-
credulity."
The New York Evening Post says
"The difficulties that confront the law-
abiding Negro in the South steadily in-
crease. A bill to prevent the employ-
ment of Negroes by any railroad in
North Carolina, veiled under a literacy
test, before the Legislature of that
is
State. Although only a few hundred
Negroes are so employed, and the rail-
roads promised in 1910 not to increase
the percentage of their colored em-
ployees, the unions now want all of these
jobs for white men. In Christian and
Crittenden Counties, Kentucky, a fresh
set —
of 'hooligans' -so the Louisville
—
Courier- Journal calls them are driving
out the Negroes. These miscreants, that
newspaper asserts, are the direct suc-
cessors of the night-riders, whose law-
lessness was tolerated so complacently
by the State a few years ago. It points
out that the colored people, who are in
a small minority, are respectable and
law-abiding and innocent of any of-
fence."
The Hartford (Conn.) C our ant which
may blame itself for a good deal of
wrong-heeded advice to Negroes con-
cerning the unimportance of the ballot
and the all-sufficiency of property is be-
ginning to see things a bit straighter.
"There are Negro laborers on the
farms of Missouri, and also white la-
borers. Some of the land-owners out
there have little houses or cottages to
rent, and presumably a very decent patch
of ground goes with each of these cot-
tages. Both blacks and whites hire
these houses, the only question probably
being as to the ability of the tenant to
come up regularly with his rent. It ap-
pears now that the white agricultural
hands think their wages too low and
their house-rents too high, and they
have made it out to their own satisfac-
tion that the Negroes are responsible for
both of these conditions. Being: a rude
17
and simple people, a good deal quicker
on the trigger than they are in their
sense of fair play, these white laborers
have organized themselves as night-rid-
ers and have entered upon the merry
task of driving the Negroes out. Notices
have been put up at various points ad-
vising the Negroes to leave, and then
these" night-riders go about after dark
shooting up a Negro house here and a
Negro house there and thus emphasizing
the printed words. The purpose of these
highly civilized proceedings is to raise
wages and reduce rents for the white
men, and in this economic sense, and in
no other, there is a race war now going
on in Misssouri. With fewer hands to
work on the big farms a rise in wages
can be demanded, and with fewer per-
sons needing houses, rents can be pushed
down. It is as simple as falling off a
log, and all because one man is white
and another man is black.
"We say that the Negroes must im-
prove themselves, and this is wisely said ;
but we are careful not to add that they
must also see to it that they do
not use their improved qualities in
those fields, which the white man wishes
to occupy as his own. The white man
first is the rule, and then if there is any-
—
thing left over the black man and this
with occasional and incidental personal
exceptions here and there, is the rule
for theNegro race.
"These night-riders in the southeast
corner of Missouri are merely carrying
the general rule pretty far, and no doubt
they are acting in accordance with the
ethics of civilization that prevail in their
neighborhood. But blue is blue even if
it is a dark shade of blue, and substanti-
ally and in politer forms the Missouri
rule is the general rule of this country.
The Negroes have fully demonstrated in
these later years that they have the capa-
city to make of themselves good me-
chanics, good farmers and good business
men. In those parts of the South where
they are numerous enough to maintain
in fair degree the normal right of every
American citizen to do, in an honorable
way, whatever he is capable of doing,
they have brought these qualities to the
proof. The only question that is still
unsettled, in regard to their future, is

18
as to whether or not our white people
will givethem a fair field in which to
use their new accomplishments. This
has not been and is not the white man's
habit."
A POEM ON THE NEGRO
vachel Colored readers
lindsay's pelled at first
congo great poem but
a splendid tribute with
spirit,
all its imperfections of spiritual insight.
In a private letter Lindsay says
" 'Congo, Congo, Congo, Congo, Congo,
Congo' I said to myself. The word be-
gan to haunt. It echoed with the war
drums and cannibal yells of Africa. It
seemed the perfection of tone color.
"I had a new poem! I thought it over,
walking home. It was all sketched, in-
cluding the principal refrains, before 1
in the afternoon and time for Sunday
dinner. It took me two months at least to
write it, and another month to learn to
recite it.
"But that Sunday morning it was out-
lined in substance as you read it today.
In addition, before night I had a list of
colors for
red and black paint.
my palette —Here
gobs
list:
"I had browsed through Stanley's
'Darkest Africa' when a boy. There
was stamped on the back, if you remem-
ber, a great black solid silhouette of
Africa, with one gleaming river crawling
through the Congo that Stanley had ex-
plored. I wanted to give that silhouette.
And I wanted to give the word Congo
such a setting that it would convey the
same weird thrill I had felt over Stan-
ley's discovery of the Pigmies and of the
Mountains of the Moon. Both the race
and the mountains had been thought
legendary before his time.
"I had seen the dances of the Dahomey
Amazons Chicago fair when I was
at the
a boy. wanted to reiterate the word
I colored lawyers interminably, and I had
Congo, and get some Dahomey into it.
Among my notes were songs used by
Williams and Walker before Walker
died. Do you remember Tn my castle
on the River Nile I'm going to live in
elegant style, baboon butler to guard the
door, diamond carpet on the floor?'
Then there was a song 'My Zulu Babe,'
:
THE CRISIS
where Williams as the buck and Walker
as the lady used to appear in black tights
and brief ostrich-feathered skirts and go
prancing in and out of the stage jungle
in a mock wooing. They magically con-
veyed the voodoo power of Africa. The
whole white audience turned into jungle
savages and yelled with a sort of gorilla
delight.
may be re-
"It was the Africa of the romantic
at Lindsay's
Negro's imagination, a scrap of black
it is, in its
grand opera, if not the actual Africa.
Did I put all these things into my poem?
No. But some of these things helped,
with their implications, whispers, echoes.
I hoped to imply Joseph Conrad's fatal-
istic atmosphere in his story 'Heart of
Darkness.' I reached for the spiritual
African fever he shows us there, that is
sure death to the soul. In my devices
and settings for such phrases as 'Mum-
bo Jumbo will hoodoo you,' I often had
him consciously in mind.
"Way back in 1908 I had attempted
.several magazine articles, just after the
Springfield anti-Negro riots. Those riots
shook my young soul then as much as
the warin Europe has done. It was my
first revelation of the savagery of the
of yellow,
ismy color
white man. On the word of one white
liar, who afterward confessed, a whole
Negro street was burned and many black
people killed, and there were two brutal
lynchings of innocent Negroes in three
days, the second while the town was full
of state militia. My
magazine articles
about this were very properly rejected.
But I wanted to do better in rhyme. I
wanted to bear such testimony as I could
as to what was learned in that dreadful
time and vindicated those studies.
"What might be called the intellectual
outline of the poem: The Basic Savagery
of the Negro, His High Spirits, and
Minstrelsy and the Hope of His Relig-
ion, is the result of the long interviews
in preparing those articles. Just after
the riots I had talked with our two
asked a list of questions of a select group
of ten colored preachers, and compiled
results. And I had interviewed endless
'prominent citizens' among the whites.
Their answers to the same questions
were in startling contrast to the first
compilation.
"The next winter one of my lectures
 : :
OPINIONS
for the Springfield Y. M. C. A. was "lhe
Negro: his contribution to our citizen-
ship; sorrow-songs, minstrelsy, vaude-
ville, folk-lore and oratory.'
"One of the studies I made at that time
has recently appeared in the Negro mag-
azine The Crisis, in the issUe for No-
vember, 1914. It is called 'The Golden-
faced People.' Then I had in my iist
some of the things 'Uncle Tom's Cabin'
meant, and the emancipation proclama-
tion. I had in mind the affair of Coats-
ville, Pa., and the other burnings alive of
Negroes, some of them guilty Negroes,
many of them innocent. I put in my list
the songs of Stephen Collins Foster. I in this republic upon the basis of peace
put in the list my memories of 'The
Souls of Black Folk,' that, beautiful
tragic book by the black leader W. E. B.
Du Bois. I might add, for the other side
of the picture, that I had seen on
Eleventh Avenue, New York, north from
Fifty-ninth Street, many saloons where
the Negroes seemed eight feet high and
the degraded white men who waited
upon them about four feet high, and
they all drank liquor not served from the
bar, but from barrels piled high against
the wall in gloomy grandeur. Going
through a score of these barrel-houses in
one evening, on behalf of a certain religi-
ous institution, I accumulated a jungle
impression that remains with me yet, and
shall remain for many a day to come."
TOM
DIXON'S "CLANSMAN"
A contempti- Of the "Reverend" Tom
ble slander Dixon's latest attack on
colored people, Jane
Addams says
"The producer seems to have followed
the principle of gathering the most vici-
ous and grotesque individuals he could
find among colored people, and showing
them as representatives of the truth
about the entire race," she said in de-
scribing her impressions of the play. "It
is both unjust and untrue. The same
method could be followed to smirch the
reputation of any race. For instance, it
would be easy enough to go about the
slums of a city and bring together some
of the criminals and degenerates, and
take pictures of them purporting to show
the character of the white race. It
would no more be the truth about the
:
19
white race than this is about the black."
Rabbi Stephen S. Wise said in a recent
sermon
"Most serious of all is the circum-
stance that this play constitutes a de-
liberate attempt to deepen and justify
within the hearts of men the more or
less instinctive prejudices which it is the
business of an enlightened democracy
ceaselessly to challenge and to combat.
If but the author and the producers had
the courage to declare that of which I
accuse them, of designing to foster hate
and to intensify prejudice, to make it im-
possible for two races to live side by side
and good-will, one could almost respect
their frankness and courage and not be
moved to despise them for their coward-
ice asone loathes them for their shame.
"The general effect of the play is to
present the Negro of a generation ago as
a foul and murderous beast. Therefore,
I call this play a crime against two
races. The men who are responsible for
it are coining prejudice and bitterness
and every unholy instinct of men into
money.
"If thirty or forty years ago Europe
had set her face like flint against the
initial causes which inevitably brought
about the campaigns that ultimately
ended in war, the war that now is upon
us need never have been fought. The
time to protest is not when race assas-
sination has come to pass. The time to
do that is now, when an attempt is de-
liberately made to foment it. It may be-
come too late and if too late and we
;
have been silent, the blood will be upon
our own heads, for we shall have suf-
fered the soul of our city and our nation
to be poisoned day by day by the fatal
and ineradicable poisoning of race pre-
judice and race assassination."
The Brooklyn Standard Union says
"If a whole race, other than the Negro
race, were slandered as the Negroes are
slandered in the current moving picture
play, it would not run two nights in New
York or in any other city. If a college
professor should attack the morality of
the women of any race, other than the
Negro race, as a college professor slan-
dered Negro women in a lecture in
Brooklyn not long ago, he would not
long be either a lecturer or a college pro-
 :

20 THE CRISIS

fessor. Baiting the Negro and attribut-
ing to a whole class of people, all the
evils that minds of a certain type can
think of, has been prevalent in many
parts of the country for some time. It
will be disgusting and discreditable if
such should become the sentiment of this
community. It is gratifying to the self-
respect of New York that the nearest ap-
proaches to this sort of thing that have
been experienced here did not originate
here."
Why are Negroes despised?
this from the St. Louis Republic,
28th:
NEGRO AT CITY CLUB
TALKS, DOES NOT EAT
MAJ. R. R. MOTON HAD BEEN PETITIONED
BY OWN RACE NOT TO DINE
WITH WHITES
Louis business men forgot their
St.
work for two hours at the City Club
yesterday noon when Maj. R. R. Moton,
Negro commandant of Hampton Insti-
near Old Point Comfort, addressed
tute,
them, following a score of songs by the
Hampton Quartet.
Maj. Moton arrived late, having been
detained by a delegation of Negroes who
insisted that he should not eat at the City
ever, 'except with the approval of the
Governor-General.'
"Outside those areas no native may
acquire any land, either by hire or pur-
chase, except, as in the other case, with
the Governor's approval.
"A Commission is appointed under the
Act to inquire and report as to land
which may be reserved as part either of
the native or non-native areas. A
'Schedule of Native Areas' is printed as
an appendix to the Act ;
presumably the
inquiries of the Commission are with a
view to supplementing these.
Read
nowhere expressly stated in the
"It is
March
Act that natives are not to live outside
the scheduled areas unless working for
an employer, but this is virtually implied
in the prohibition to rent or purchase
land, which therefore deprives them of
all freedom of contract as regards wages.
It appears also that 'the native is not in
practice permitted to leave the farm on
which he labours, in order to seek work
at higher wages elsewhere, unless he can
obtain a written permit from his master.'
"WTiatever the result of the Commis-
sion's labours may ultimately be, the
areas scheduled as native reserves are at
present far too small. The total area of
land in the South African Union is given
as 142,000,000 morgen. Out of this, the
four million natives have 11,000,000
morgen assigned them the remaining
;

Club. He did not eat at the club, but he 131,000,000 are in the occupation of 1,-
made his address, which was received 250,000 whites.
with considerable applause. "Not only was the Act carried through
Maj. Moton is a real Negro and is the House somewhat hastily it has been ;

proud of it. He believes the Negro put into execution with equal or greater
should be trained to work with his hands haste, and evictions have been taking
and told of the work Hampton Institute place on a large scale. It is probable
is doing along that line. that there will shortly be serious distress
in Natal, where nearly half a million
'Is this story of pitiable cowardice and
We natives are living on private farms.
utter lack of self-respect true?
trust not but we fear.'
Many of these are under notice to quit
at the end of the harvest —
viz., in July
m or August, and the Natal locations are
THE LAND now filled to overflowing. Mr. H. M.
forcing Alice Werner, in the Daily Meyler. one of the members for Natal,
poverty News (London, Eng.), thus said in the House on May 13: 'There
on black summarizes the provisions of was nowhere to go, and the alternative
folk the South African land act was that the rents went up 25 per cent.,
against which the natives are and the Natives Land Act was used to
protesting rackrent these people. . These peo-
. .

"Certain areas are to be set aside as ple, whose natural place was on the land,
native reserves, within which no non- were going to be, or thought they were
native can rent or buy any land what- going to be, forced into industrial places.'
 — :
OPINIONS
"Perhaps they have some excuse for
thinking that the real intention behind
the Act is to divorce them from the land
and drive them into wage-slavery."
This is certainly not overstating the
case. Turn now to the thoughts of a
white southern farmer, J. O. Prude, ex-
pressed in the Montgomery (Ala.) Ad-
vertiser.
"After the civil war an idea was
lodged in the minds of the most unprej-
udiced, profound thinkers along this
line, that the Negro land owners in the
rural districts would become the best
and most useful Negro citizens. This
has proven to be a mistake. The more
property they have accumulated and the
better educational advantages they have
enjoyed have rendered them either in-
tentionally or unconsciously the most
dangerous element to the social well be-
ing of the community. Why?
"There a're Negroes in Negro rural
communities, and also Negro families
sandwiched in with small land owners
and white tenants who are superior in
intellect and property to these white
farmers for the reason that no small
white farmer who is intelligent and pos-
sesses a reasonable amount of property
will consent to have a Negro as an un-
desirable neighbor. Thus the ignorant
and low tenant class of white farmers
are left as immediate neighbors and as
time goes on they become perfectly cal-
lous and indifferent as to conditions.
The social barriers arebroken down
children play together, and the grown-
ups exchange visits both men and
; can look down upon."
women sit around each others firesides
without race distinction.
"This leads to borrowing and paying
back farm implements, meat, lard, flour
and a hundred other things that bring
them close together. I know of one in-
stance where a white widow borrowed
from her next door Negro neighbor,
who was a Negro preacher, money to
make her crop,and executed a crop lien
mortgage for the payment of same.
Small white farmers are selling their
lands at half value every day to get
away from Negro settlements, and Ne-
groes are the purchasers. Statistics will
sustain these facts, that where nine per
cent, of white farmers in the State of
Alabama have bought and paid for
: :
21
farms twenty-one per cent, of the Ne-
groes have bought and paid for addi-
tional farms.
"The ratio for the State of Georgia is
seven to thirty-eight per cent, in favor
of Negro purchasers of land.
"From these facts I would conclude:
In the South the Negro land owner is
a menace to the moral and social status
of the South."
Reedy 's Mirror, a white paper of St.
Louis, says
"Out upon the proposal now indus-
triously pushed for the segregation of
Negroes in this city. Segregation is a
punishment. The community can only
punish for crime. It is no crime to be
born black. And there is no way by
which we can deprive a Negro of his
property, wherever located, without due
process of law. The cry that Negroes
ruin neighborhoods is a false one.
Neighborhoods are ruined, generally
speaking, before Negroes enter them.
They are ruined by real estate specula-
tion luring residents to newer regions
and by the refusal of landlords to keep
property in such repair as will hold
white tenants. We
can't begin segre-
gating Negroes without starting in a
course that will end in our segregating
'poor whites.' We
can't segregate Ne-
groes without packing them into regions
where they will be subjected to the ex-
action of higher rents. Back of segre-
gation there's a graft, but back of that
is the desire of some mighty sorry spec-
imens of people to have somebody they
The Baltimore Evening Nezvs winces
at Dr. H. S. McCard's arraignment of
segregation. says
It
"Economics sent the Negro to the
cheapest possible dwellings. Segrega-
tion merely keeps him there."
It concludes
"If the city chooses to worship to the
extent it does at the shrine of real estate
values, then part of the ceremony must
be study, instruction, watchfulness, help-
ful supervision, and very careful care of
the colored sick."
In North Carolina the campaign of
Poe, the latest Negro-baiter, is bearing
its natural fruit. In two counties peace-
ful Negro farmers have been murdered
for the new crime of land-owning. The
 :
22 THE CRISIS
Charlotte Observer (white) calls the
agitation a "developing menace" and
says
"It is no excuse that harm was not in-
tended to the colored man or his wife,
but that it was merely an attempt to
scare him from the neighborhood. He
owned the home in which he was slain
and he had the right to live there in
peace and safety, so long as he conduct-
ed himself as a law-abiding citizen. The
mob had as much right to scare him as
it had
to kill him.
"The Observer is in agreement with
Mr. Garren in his theory as to the in-
citing cause. When,
a few nights ago,
the home Negro in Vance County
of a
was set on fire and the man and mem-
bers of his family killed, this paper drew
the inference that behind that crime was
a feeling born of the segregation idea.
The Catawba County case, following so
closely, tended to strengthen that im-
pression. By force of habit, some
papers may refer to these occurrences
as 'unfortunate.' That does not fit the
case. They were wantonly wicked, and
each one brought public shame upon the
community in which it was perpetrated.
If it true that these occurrences are
is
the outgrowth of the segregation pro-
paganda, that fact should be only the
more reason why the hand of the law
should be felt in its utmost severity at
this time, that the spirit in which it is
bred may be stamped out in its incipi-
ency. In these occurrences may be seen
a developing menace to the social and
moral conditions in North Carolina, and
one that should cause those charged with
the administration of the laws grave
concern. The Observer has always held
that segregation of the races is a thing
of ultimate achievement, not by statute
process, but through the operation of
moral and natural laws."
TAXES
who pays The Norfolk Journal and
them Guide, a colored paper, has
this excellent economic argu-
ment : zoological gardens or recreation centers
"The colored man who rents a flat in
Norfolk for $7.00 per month or $84.00
per year, pays his landlord $77.28 and
the city gets $6.72.
"The colored flat-dweller, who pays
a yearly rental of $108.00 at $9.00 per
month gives his landlord $97.36 and the
city receives $8.64.
"The colored man who rents a house
for $12.00 per month or $144.00 per
year pays his landlord $133.48 and the
City $11.52.
"The colored man who lives in a
house in Norfolk for which he pays a
rental of $15.00 per month or $180.00
per year pays his landlord $165.60 and
pays the city $14.40.
"Norfolk's population is now estimat-
ed at 90,000, about 40,000 of which is
colored. This would give us approx-
imately 8000 colored families, occupying
8000 nouses or flats. As colored prop-
erty owners pay taxes on real estate as-
sessed at very nearly $100,000.00, let us
say that 6000 of these families are rent-
ers. The average rent would be $10.00
per month or a total of $960,800.00.
From this yearly rental from 6000 col-
ored families the city should receive
$76,800.00 in taxes.
"Now then, what does the colored
rentpayer receive from the city of Nor-
folk?
"He gets streets to walk upon but they
are not paved in the sections in which
he is segregated. He gets sewers and
water. He gets limited protection for
his life and property, policemen and fire-
men to guard his person and home from
assault, robbery or disaster, but in case
of either, the policeman is on another
beat and the fireman cannot reach his
home on account of unpaved streets in
the section in which he is segregated.
"He gets limited schools for his chil-
dren and there are three thousand un-
able to gain admission to these, on ac-
count of over-crowded conditions.
"There is no building or equipment
provided for the education of his chil-
dren above the seventh grade.
"His health is not safeguarded but
there is an alms house provided for the
care of the poor and the healing of the
sick.
"He is not provided with any parks or
of any kind. He is disfranchised and is
not permitted to participate in the elec-
tions that are arranged 'at. which you
may elect your mayor and aldermen.'
 : !
OPINIONS
"It is possible that the humble rent-
payer and producer of wealth will re-
ceive his just proportion of municipal
benefits in Norfolk when the public
conscience is awakened to the exact re-
lation of the rentpayer to the commu-
nity."
THE NEGRO VOTER
naive The Richmond Virginian
testimony (white) says:
"Before passing the bill
repealing the law which makes unpaid
capitation taxes a lien on real estate,
the Senate will do well to make up its
mind as to what course it will pursue
with regard to the bill already passed by
the House, which provides machinery
for the collection of the two million in
back taxes, and declare not only that un-
paid taxes shall constitute a lien on real
estate, but on personal property as well.
The Virginian has already expressed its
belief that these taxes should be collect-
ed if there is any possible way of doing
so without subjecting the State to the
danger of additions to the Negro voting
list. Those who favor the collection bill
point out that as these taxes cannot be
collected until they are three years old
and that no man is eligible to vote whose
taxes have not been paid for three years
preceding the election in which he de-
sires to vote, the bill will not open any
loopholes. This argument is met by the
contention that a man who pays any
very large amount of back taxes will pay
the full amount, including the three
years which will be necessary for vot-
ing. This in turn is met with the state-
ment that the additional three years will
constitute, for most Negroes, too heavy
an expense, and that even were it paid
registration of the Negro voters would
be necessary, which would be adequately
handled by the registrars."
Note the "adequately handled by the
registrars"
A LOVER OF CHILDREN
A pleasing The Playground reports
incident that a white man, Edward
H. Abbott, living in Chat-
tanooga, wrote recently to the daily
papers
:
23
"An Open Letter to Girls and Boys
Who Go to School
—
"Dear Children Out at my house on
Lindsay street, by the river, I have dug
up about five hundred roots of my iris
plants that I want you to come and get
and plant in your yards. I want to make
it easy for a lot of people to have some
furnishing flags."
While the invitation of Edward A.
Abbott to go to his home and get a sup-
ply of flower roots and bulbs was ex-
tended to all the school children in the
city, and while the response was gratify-
ing to him, so far as numbers were con-
cerned, the children from the colored
schools did not avail themselves of the
opportunity offered. Now Mr. Abbott
extends an invitation to all colored
—
school children and to them only to —
appear at his home at 8 cTclock tomor-
row morning and get supplies of the
roots and bulbs.
"The great fun I've had in giving
away 350 bags of iris and lily plants to
the school children has been marred by
the disappointment of a host of colored
young folks who came to my house too
late and too numerous to share in last
Saturday's distribution. I was prepared
for 200 of the young garden enthusiasts,
but was not fixed for the 300 or 400 who
answered my call to get 'next to the
ground.'
"To repair, as far as possible, the dis-
appointment of these children and to re-
ward their zeal and patience I have made
another raid on my iris and lily beds and
have made ready another hundred bags
of plants for those who found the way
to my place, but went away empty-
handed. So, only those who were here
last Saturday and got no plants, are ex-
pected to come next Saturday to help
me repair the damage a big lot of dis-
appointed children may have suffered at
my hand because I under-estimated the
number of people who want to plant and
raise something good to look at. Come
after 8 and before 9.
"Edward A. Abbott."
About 42,000 iris and 1,000 lily bulbs
were distributed, and Mr. Abbott says
what was remarkable to him was that of
all the children who came none failed to
be courteous to one another and to him.

24
OUR DEATH RATE
better A year ago we called attention
health to the untruth spread by
Charles Stetzle concerning the
increase of the Negro death rate. The
figures for 1910 are a further refutation.
The New York Evening Post says
"The figures given in our Washington
correspondence of Tuesday on the de-
crease of the death-rate and the increase
of the home-ownership-rate of the Negro
population, especially in the Southern
States, are decidedly encouraging. Un-
til the full statement of the Census Bu-
reau is at hand, it is not safe to judge
of the exact significance of the reduc-
tion in the death-rate, for it must always
be remembered that this is connected
with age-distribution it may be that part
;
of the reduction is due to a lower birth-
rate with its accompaniment of a smaller
total of infant deaths. No such doubt
applies to the extent of the gain in home-
owning. That the number of homes
owned by Negroes in the Southern
States increased by 102,912 in the ten
years from 1900 to 1910 is on its face a
remarkable fact; that this was an in-
crease of more than 31 per cent, makes
it more remarkable. But when
added that this gain of 31 per cent, in
the number of homes was made while
the total colored population of the
Southern States increased less than 10
per cent., we see how marked must be
the advance in well-being and in stand-
ards of living, that has taken place.
With all the drawbacks that Negro pro-
gress has labored under, the upward
movement of the race, decade after
decade, has been such as to justify the
most persistent and hopeful effort to
promote its material, moral, and intel-
lectual advancement."
Si
CULTURE
racial We append three clippings with-
traits out comment.
"Though they have seen six of
their fellow troopers shot by Mexicans,
in one or two instances it seemed de-
liberately, not once, so far as
aware, have the United States troopers
yielded to the natural temptation to vio-
late orders and shoot back across the
line.
"The behavior of the troopers stands
:
THE CRISIS
out finest in the treatment of the Mexi-
can women and children, who are refu-
gees on this side. The soldiers are their
protectors. When the dirty, miserable
refugees themselves were too indifferent
to clean up the quarters in the opera
house, the soldiers did the cleaning and
did the best they could to keep conditions
sanitary. Troop B, Ninth Cavalry, com-
manded by Capt. W. B. Cowin, is in
charge at the opera house. Yesterday
was a busy day for them, as they had to
look after arranging quarters for the
Mexican wounded.
"The record of the Ninth and the
Tenth Cavalry troopers at Naco is un-
doubtedly a credit to their regiments."
From a white Douglass (Ariz.), daily.
(The Ninth and Tenth Cavalries are
colored.)
"We should all work for peace and
reconciliation. Let us allcry out until
the call of the White Race is heard above
the din of battle, till the leaders lend
their ears and the soldiers drop their
arms and become citizens and friends
once more.
"Rally around the standard of the
it is
White Race. That is the call which will
appeal to all the fighting Nations of
Europe with one exception that is the ;
appeal which should be made, and be
made before it is too late."
From the Crucible, Richmond, Va.,
"An organ for the promotion of a better
understanding of Germany by the people
of the United States."
"What shall we think even of our own
culture which permits a Native Land
Act to be passed without any qualms of
conscience ? Culture There is no cul-
!
tured race in the world. There are cul-
tured Englishmen, cultured Frenchmen,
cultured Japanese, cultured men and
women in every race in the world, but
no cultured nation." A. P. O.
(A colored South African paper.)
m
MISCELLANEOUS
I am "Who invented ice cream?
"According to an old clipping from
the St. Louis Globe-Democrat, ice
cream, the world-famous American des-
sert, was invented by a Negro named
Jackson.
 OPINIONS
"The latter kept a small confectionery
store in the early eighties, down in the
sleepy old home of the most famous ice
cream in the country, namely Philadel-
phia.
"Jackson used to make a specialty of
making cold custards for the ladies and
gentlemen who used to frequent his
store in the summer months. He found
that it was easy to thoroughly chill the
custard by placing it on ice for a few
hours. Experimenting further he found
that by covering a vessel full of custard
completely in broken ice for some hours,
the custard became a semi-frozen mass
which was most cooling and delicious.
So successful was he with his frozen
custards that he used to sell it for $1.00
per quart. His product brought him a
fortune and although he had many im-
itators none of them were as successful
as Jackson, as his custards were superi-
or in flavor to any others."
"I notice in your editorial of Thurs-
day on 'Partisanship and Equal
last,
Suffrage,'you attempted to point out the
condition which will defeat the proposed
amendment to the State Constitution so
as to extend suffrage to women. In so
doing you dared to make the statement
that in the granting of the suffrage to
women, the State will gain 10,000 added
votes from colored women, and 'all the
Negro women, with rare exceptions,
would solidly support the Republican
party and its candidates.' I feel called
upon to defend the women of my race
against such a statement. It is nothing
short of an insult to their intelligence.
The majority of the women who will use
the ballot, if it is given to them, are not
of the class who will vote blindly at the
behest of some party leader. The editor
may be informed, if he does not possess
such knowledge, that the Negro man or
woman is no longer a tool to any political
party. The times have passed when the
Negro finds himself bound and gagged
to any political party or machine. The
knowledge the Negro is in possession
of makes him free to cast his vote where
25
he feels and thinks it will be of greatest
value to the nation and government of
*****
which he is a pait.
*
"No man can predict what the Negro
woman will do with her vote. The in-
telligence with which they are sur-
rounded and the interest they take in the
affairs with which they are identified
gives cause to expect from them nothing
less than that which reason and common
sense and good judgment will direct.
Why should the author of the statement
presume that the ignorance of the women
of any other race will direct them to vote
for one or the other party and the great
body of Negro women will be pressed
and jammed into any one Republican
booth. It is high time that both Republi-
cans and Democrats, or any other party,
realize that the Negro is not asleep."
Wilmington (Del.) Every Evening.
Four portrait heads of ancient Egyp-
tian Princes, discovered in the excava-
tion of the royal cemetery at Giza, will
be sent to the Boston Museum of Fine
Arts, according to word just received
from Dr. George A. Reisner, in charge
of explorations for the museum in
Egypt. They are part of a group of
eight unearthed in a pit previously ex-
amined by a European archaeologist, and
supposed to have been exhausted. Four
will be placed in the museum at Cairo.
"The importance of these portraits,"
writes Dr. Reisner, "from the artistic,
the historical, and the merely human
point of view, .makes the group a find
almost equal to the group of statues
found in the Mycerinus temples. The
men and women whose faces thev show
us had spoken with Cheops and Cheph-
ren, and had seen the first and second
pyramids in building."
Dr. Reisner thinks that some of these
portraits support the theorv, hitherto
advanced, that the Egyptian rulers of
the fourth dynasty, 2900-2750 B. C, had
Negro blood. One of the heads of a
princess he describes as "of a distinctly
—
negroid type." N. Y. Evening Post.
ti
 PEACE in which the Republican vote was not
'HE
various efforts toward less than 7,500. In this way the Repub-
peace show with singu- lican Party hopes to get rid of the
lar unanimity either the majority of its Negro representatives
utter inability or the de-
from the South in the National Conven-
termined refusal of the
peace advocates to con-
tion. We
have been pausing for some-
time to hear the comment of colored
sider race prejudice as the prime cause
of the present world war. The Holland Republicans on this procedure.
Peace Movement, founded October 8th,
notes ten points of proposed agreement
for the overthrow of war. These points
THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT
include closer co-operation among "Eu-
CORRESPONDENT
ropean" powers, arbitration among "civ- asks us "in view of the
ilized" states, and the suppression of explicit and imperative
animosity between "nations." But not terms of the Fourteenth
a word about race hatred and the ruler- Amendment is it not the
ship of the colonies for the profit of binding duty of Con-
Europe. So too, the American Truth gress to cut down southern representa-
Society in Munich protests against the
tion in apportioning members to Con-
introduction of Japan to this European
war which, as it says, "involves a men- gress to the various states?" We an-

ace to the supremacy of the white race !" swer, it is. But who is going to make
Congress do duty? We are trying to
its

do this and have tried and will continue

THE REPUBLICANS to try, but we have not yet succeeded.
ERY and on tip-
quietly
toe the Republican Party
THAT CAPITAL "N"
has completed its dis-
franchisement of Negro
HE Youth's Companion
writes to J. N. Cotton of
delegates in the South.
Alabama that it will
On Mr.
February 1st
"consider the question of
James B. Reynolds, secretary of the Re-
publican National Committee, announced
spelling the word Negro
that the disfranchisement proposed by with a capital letter."

the Republican National Committee had It says in excuse for its usage in the
been approved by the requisite number past, "we have always regarded the word
of states. Under this new provision, negro not as the name of a race, but as
each state is entitled to four delegates at meaning simply black men, and on that
large and one delegate from each con- theory would no more capitalize it than
gressional district ; also an additional we would capitalize white men or red
delegate for each congressional district men when referring to Anglo-Saxons or
 :

EDITORIAL
Indians." Will the smiling gods of logic that when a high officer of the church is

take this extraordinary argument to openly and repeatedly charged with

heart ? "stealing, lying, mal-administration, ne-
black white red glected duty and conduct unbecoming a
negro Anglo-Saxon Indian bishop of the church" and when these
Why "negro" we "ask to know?" charges have been reiterated in public
print for a year it is necessary for the
EMPORIA good name of the Negro race to have
ILLIAM ALLEN quick and thorough investigation fol-

WHITE, editor of the lowed by refutation or punishment. As

celebrated Emporia The Crisis has said before the A. M. E.
Daily Gazette, usually Church is without doubt the greatest
passes for a man of organization owned and conducted by
some insight and dis- men of the Negro race. It has performed
crimination ; in fact some people have a stupendous task in the past but it is

even gone so far as to call him a radical fronted by even a greater one. We have

in matters of the distribution of wealth hope and faith that the church has power
and the purification of politics. He was to purge itself of evil.

in the past, and possibly in the present,

a Progressive with a very large "P." It FAIR PLAY

seems that in Emporia and in the state
g^&^ RESUMABLY many
of John Brown there is a Y. M. C. A. white southerners would
which cost we understand something like declare that the Fair
$75,000. It is, however, for white peo- Play Association of
ple only, being established and dedicated Washington, which has
to the "meek and lowly Jesus." A lately asked that Ne-
colored man writes "respectfully" to the groes be segregated on reservations, is

Gazette and asks "but what of the poor not Tepresentative of the best 'white
Negro?" Mr. White devotes three quar- opinion. of the South. We are strongly
ters of a column of very fine talk on the inclined to agree with them, and yet
evil of slavery. He talks of "civilization every once in a while something happens
and Christianity ;" he says some learned in the South so palpably unfair that we
things on environment and heredity, and wonder if it is spasmodic or symtomatic.
he concludes that the demand for a Eugene Brieux, the well-known French
"colored" Y. M. C. A. is just.
dramatist is visiting in this country.
Why colored, dear Mr. White? While on white friends in At-
calling
lanta he was shown the Negro. He was
BRYANT AND JONES taken to the worst slum in the city on
F the truth behind the Decatur Street. Hearst's American"-
charges made by the says
Secretary of the African "Monsieur and his party clustered
M. E. Sunday School about the nearest pool table, and a curi-
Union against one of the ous crowd of Negroes —cocaine sniffers
bishops oJT-his church, they were, if ever heavy eyes and swollen
the public is not in a position to make noses and sodden faces revealed the habit
final judgment; but this thing is certain, —pushed close about Monsieur and
 : :

30 THE CRISIS

Madame. But all they heard was much is so untrue that we would refer the
talk in French. Monsieur, it seemed, Georgian to the recent report of the Rus-
was not at all favorably impressed with sell Sage Foundation on the public
the Atlanta Negro of Decatur Street. schools of Atlanta which may be tabulat-
" 'Ah,' he said, with his appraising
ed in this way
eyes narrowed. And again, 'Ah.' WHITES NEGROES
"And out on the street again, he told Children of school age 22,031 10,018
what he thought about it. Enrolled 17,047 5,924*
" 'I have seen the Negro on the head-
Grammar Schools ... 38 11
waters of the Nile,' he announced, 'and High Schools 4
in Nubia, and a place or two else. And Night Schools 5
they seemed more civilized and whole- Teachers 426 82
"
some there than they do here.'
*Erroneously given in the February Crisis as 2,924.
When the white people of Atlanta
showed this distinguished writer such If the Negroes had their proportional

scenes and let him think that they were share of attention they would have 8,000
typical of American Negroes they lied children in school, 19 grammar schools, 2

and lied brazenly. However, we are glad high schools, 2 night schools and 213
to say that Monsieur Brieux was not de- teachers. Of the $350,000 spent for

ceived as effectively as the Atlanta teachers' salaries, the Negroes forming

whites may think. In a personal letter to a third of the population, get less than
the editor he says $50,000. It would seem that Life's point
"J'aurais ete coupable si en cherchant was well taken.
seulement a satisfaire la curiosite sym-
pathique que je porte a tous les faibles
WASHINGTON VIGILANCE
je m'etais contente des renseignements
recueillis sur la race negre aupres de la
EVERAL times we have
seen in the colored press
race blanche."
a demand for a vigilance
committee in Washing-
LIFE ton to watch legislation
N a recent issue of The in Congress. Various
Crisis we quoted from plans for financing such a committee
Life a charming para- have been voiced. It seems that the
graph about "our friends colored public does not know that for
down South" assuming two years the National Association for
the Negroes inferiority the Advancement of Colored People has
and then going about to keep them in- maintained two expert salaried repre-
ferior. The Atlanta Georgian is dis- sentatives in Washington, one in the
turbed over this pronunciamento and Senate and one in the House.
talks largely. First it says that there is Not a single piece of legislation has
no social equality between the races and been proposed of which we have not
never will be, ignoring the fact that in been notified by wire or mail. It is in

1910 there were 200,000 mulattoes in this way that we have been enabled to

Georgia. It then goes on to declare that act so quickly and through this know-
"the school fund is distributed according ledge to give a chance for others to act.
to population" regardless of color. This Beside this, the Washington Branch of
 EDITORIAL 31

this Association has acted as a vigilance enthusiastically in these campaigns. Two

committee and done its work voluntarily. things the Association has an undoubted
So effectively has this work been done right to claim; first: —that through its

that it scarcely seems necessary to dupli- widespread organization and continual

cate it or supplant it. When the ma- vigilance it has been able to keep the
chinery for effective work has been es- colored people warned, and secondly,
tablished the next thing for the public to that through its continual insistence upon
do is to support it, and not to start the value of agitation it has brought al-
building new machinery. most a revolution in the attitude of the
colored people during the last five years.
But after all what difference does it
CREDIT
make as to who did the deed so long as
GAIN and again when
the deed is done ? so long as the Negroes
men unite to some great
fight aggression, advance their interests
end and accomplish all
and rescue the spirit of democracy in the
or a part of that toward
United States ? Away with littleness and
which they aim, there
jealousy, and on with the fight!
arises an astonishing and
often disreputable scramble for the
honor and credit of the accomplishment.
THE JUBILEE OF EMANCIPATION
In a sense this is natural. Independent
enthusiasts striving for a great end often
HE Jubilee of Emancipa-
tion has been celebrated
forget or are ignorant of others striving
already by expositions
for the same end and are indignant or
in New York, New Jer-
incredulous when they do not receive
sey and Pennsylvania.
what they think is due credit. Some-
Further celebrations are
thing of this unfortunate feeling is creep-
planned in Illinois and Virginia. It is
ing into recent movements in which this
unfortunate that the celebration should
Association has been interested. An ex-
be thus in piece-meal and that so little
traordinary campaign has been carried
really fine or distinctive has come from
on to prevent Congress from passing dis-
the celebration or seems likely to come.
criminatory legislation. That the Sixty- Undoubtedly, money was wasted in
Third Congress has actually adjourned Pennsylvania without adequate return.
without the enactment of such laws, and In New Jersey the celebration was un-
with some things like the Howard Uni- fortunate in being cramped for funds
versity appropriation to its credit, is an but did well within its limits. New
extraordinary tribute to the organized York contributed one new fine thing,
fighting strength of American Negroes. the Pageant of Negro History. The Vir-
To whom should the credit for this ac- ginia celebration is already discounted
complishment be given? Manifestly to because of the hands into which it has
no one person or to no one organization. fallen, although we hope to be disap-
The National Association for the Ad- pointed in this pessimism. From Illinois
vancement of Colored People would be we had expected great things but we
the last to claim sole and entire credit for must unfortunately confess the fact that
the accomplishment. Individuals uncon- the promise at present is small. Nearly
nected with and organizations not af-
it $20,000 has been spent in publicity and
filiated have from time to time joined "preliminary" outlay. Such an expendi-
32 THE CRISIS

ture should call for at least $100,000 of Du Bois is one of them, who cannot af-
funds. There is neither prospect nor ford for perfectly obvious financial rea-
likelihood of any such sum being appro- sons to make such a gift. Mr. Du Bois,
priated. Moreover, it is now May and therefore, always charges for his lec-
the physical gathering of the exposition tures. If he is speaking to branches of
matter has scarcely begun. We know this Association the charge covers his
from bitter experience that it is easier expenses ; if he is speaking to other or-
to criticize movements of this sort than ganizations or to the public the charge
to make them, but it is certainly the also includes a small fee for the lecture.
business of President Fallows and his This fee varies usually from ten to fifty

co-workers to dispel in the minds of dollars. With such Mr. Du Bois

fees
most people the feeling that waste and has in the last ten years been enabled to
incompetency is about to spoil that meet the colored people in every state in
which we had hoped to be the crowning the United States, to give them some in-
of thecommemoration season. formation and set before them certain
arguments. From his returns he has
paid his expenses of travel, his life in-
LECTURES
surance and been enabled to buy certain
HIS Association seeks to
books with which to pursue his studies.
furnish wherever possi-
Mr. Du Bois regards this as reasonable
ble lecturers on Negro
and and he proposes to continue
just
problems and allied sub-
this His lectures are prepared
plan.
jects. It is the basic
with much expenditure of time and
idea that such a lecture
thought. If they are valuable they are
bureau should be self-supporting. The
worth paying something for; if they are
lecture is or should be careful work
not they need not be listened to. It is
done by an expert and entitled to com-
certainly too much to ask that a man
pensation by the beneficiaries just as in
with a family to support should contrib-
the case of the lawyer, the doctor or the
ute twenty-five dollars or more for the
merchant. There has, however, been
privilege of talking to people who are
repeatedly shown in the conduct of our
not willing to pay twenty-five cents each.
lecture work a feeling on the part of
colored people that lectures should not If, of course, private resources en-
be paid for or that they should be given abled the lecturer to give his services
as a sort of charity. This is a curious the case would be different. Even to

inversion of ideas. There may, of such giving there an obvious limit.

is

course, be charity connected with the
lecture work. We have,
in our Association a few
Villard and Dr. Spingarn
and then give their services as lecturers,
and they do so willingly and to the great
advantage of our work. But it is giv-
ing, it is charity from them to the
colored people. It costs them money
and effort and time.
On the other hand there are persons
connected with the Association, and Mr.
The proverb "Pay as you go," applies
for instance, to intellectual food as much as to pota-
men like Mr. toes and and if the colored people
rent,
who can now are going to depend upon philanthropists
to furnish them the kind of information
which they get from the public forum
then they must be prepared to hear not
men like Villard and Spingarn, but
rather the large number of speakers who
are continually saying to colored people
the kind of thing that the colored people
do not want to hear and ought not to
 EDITORIAL 33

hear. Let us then seek to support this missioner of Immigration at the Port of
lecture bureauand other lecturers on the New York and several others equally in-
basis of paying honestly for an honest fluential. In other words, the board of
return. censorship is now practically split in
two. The Association was not dis-
THE CLANSMAN couraged but immediately took steps on
EVERAL years ago a the one hand to bring the matter into
"professional southern- court and on the other hand to inter-
er" named Dixon wrote view the mayor. The interview with the
a sensational and melo- mayor was after some difficulty ar-
dramatic novel which ranged. The delegation of five hundred
has been widely read. of the most prominent white and colored
Eight years ago Dixon brought out his people in the city filled the Council
novel as a sordid and lurid melodrama. Chamber and for an hour
at City Hall

In several cities the performance of this
play was prohibited because of its
decency or incitement to riot. Recently
this vicious play has been put into mov-
ing pictures. With great adroitness the
in terse, tense speeches urged the
in- mayor to act. The mayor promised to
have the two rape scenes cut out im-
mediately and to go further than this if
the play still seemed objectionable from

real play is preceded by a number of the point of view of public peace and

marvelously good war pictures decency.

; then in
the second part comes the real "Clans- This action while commendable is not
man" with the Negro represented either sufficient. The whole second half of the

as an ignorant fool, a vicious rapist, a play ought to be suppressed and the As-

venal and unscrupulous politician or a sociation will continue to work to this

faithful but doddering idiot. By curious end. It is gratifying to know that in

procedure this film received the prelimi-

this work we have the cordial co-opera-
tion of all elements of colored people.
nary approval of the National Board of
Censors. It was put on in Los Angeles The New York Age and the Crisis
and immediately the fine organization of
worked hand in hand with Harlem,
Brooklyn and Jersey City. We know no
the N. A. A. C. P. was manifest. The
factions in the righting of this great
facts were telegraphed to us from our
wrong.
Los Angeles Branch. We started at the
Board of Censors. The proprietors of It is sufficient toadd that the main in-
the film fought madly but the Censors cident in "Clansman" turns on a
the

met, viewed the film and immediately thinly veiled charge that Thaddeus
withdrew their sanction. Many of them Stephens, the great abolition statesman,
were astonished that any committee of was induced to give the Negroes the

their board had ever passed it. The right to vote and secretly rejoice in Lin-
owners of the film promised to modify coln's assassination because of his in-
it but the modifications were unimport- fatuation for a mulatto mistress. Small
ant. Yet this remarkable Board of wonder that a man who can thus brutally
Censors met a third time and passed the falsify history has never been able to do
film over the protests of a minority of a single piece of literary work that has
nine persons. Among these nine, how- brought the slightest attention, except
ever, was the chairman and founder of when he seeks to capitalize burning race
the board, Frederick C. Howe, Com- antagonisms.
 SYNOPSIS OF FIRST PART
Mr. David Taylor, a well-to-do boat stew-
ard, disappeared on one of his trips. His
drowned body was identified by his young
widow. She asked the personable young Bap-
tist minister, the Rev. Alonzo Brown, to con-
duct the funeral service since Mr. Taylor's
own Methodist minister, Elder Johnson, was
out of town. Unfortunately the latter re-
turns and both ministers appear at the funeral
ready to conduct the service.
Elder Johnson looked surprised, Mr.
Brown looked determined, and they
glared at each other belligerently.
"May I ask what you mean, sir?" said
Elder Johnson, recovering somewhat
from his surprise.
"I mean, sir, that I'm going to conduct
the funeral exercises," replied the other.
The undertaker began to feel uneasy.
It was his first funeral in that neighbor-
hood, and he had expected to make a
reputation by his success in directing it.
"There's evidently some misunder-
standing here," he said, in a propitiatory
tone.
"There's no misunderstanding on my
part,", saidElder Johnson. "I was tele-
graphed to by Deacon Larkins, at the
widow's request, and have left import-
ant business and come five hundred miles
at considerable expense to preach this
funeral, and I intend to preach it, or
know the reason why."
"There can be no possible misunder-
standing on my part," replied Mr.
Brown. "People may send telegrams
without authority, or under a mistaken
impression; but I was asked by the
widow, personally, to conduct the fun-
eral services, and I propose to do so."
"The deceased was a member of my
church before the widow was born," re-
torted Elder Johnson, making in his
warmth a mistake of several years. "I
was requested by the widow's agent to
conduct this service, and have come here
prepared to do it. Every consideration
of duty and decency requires me to in-
sist. Even the wishes of the widow
should hardly be permitted to stand in
the way of what, in this case, is the most
obvious propriety."
"The widow," said Mr. Brown, "is the
principal one concerned. Her wishes
should be sacred on such an occasion, to
say nothing of her rights. I'll not retire
until I am personally requested by her to
do so. I received my commission from
her, and I'll resign it to her only."
"Wait a moment, gentlemen," said the
undertaker, hopefully, "until I go and
speak to the widow."
The colloquy on the porch had not
gone unnoticed. Through the half-
closed Venetian blinds a number of the
guests had seen the group apparently en-
gaged in animated discussion, though
their voices had been pitched in low
tones and there was considerable curi-
;
osity as to what was going on.
In a few moments the undertaker re-
turned. "Gentlemen," he said in desper-
ation, "something must be done. I can't
get anything out of the widow. She is
almost hysterical with grief, and utterly
unfit to decide on anything. You must
come to some agreement. Why can't
you divide the services between you?"
The rival clergymen set their faces
even more rigidly.
"I can submit to no division," said
 MR.ITAYLOR'S FUNERAL
Elder Johnson, "that does not permit me
to preach the sermon. No man could
know Brother Taylor as well as I did,
and no man could possibly be so well
prepared to pronounce a fitting eulogy
on his life. It would be an insult to my
church for any one but Brother Taylor's
pastor to preach his funeral in fact, it
; The proposition was a novel one, but
seems to me not only in bad taste, but
bordering on indecency for the pastor of
another church, of another denomina-
tion, to take advantage of a widow's
grief and irresponsibility, and try to
force himself where the most elementary
principles of professional courtesy would
require him to stay away. However, I'm
willing to overlook that, under the cir-
cumstances, if Brother Brown will be
content to read the Scriptures and lead
in one of the prayers."
"I repel Brother Johnson's insinua-
tions with scorn; their animus is very
plain," said the Baptist minister, with
some heat. "I will accept of no com-
promise that does not allow me to de-
liver the discourse. I was personally're-
quested to do so I have prepared a ser-
; choice did not appear, in the room where
mon with special reference to the needs
of this particular case. If I don't use it
my labor is wasted. My brother seems
to think there's nobody to be considered
in this matter but the deceased, whereas
I am of quite the contrary opinion."
It was very apparent that no such
compromise as the one proposed was
possible. Meanwhile the curiosity on the
inside was rising to fever heat; a num-
ber of eyes were glancing through the
blinds, and several late comers had col-
lected about the steps leading up to the
porch and were listening intently.
Pending this last statement by the
reverend gentlemen of their respective
positions, the undertaker had had time to
think. He was a man
of resources, and
the emergency brought out his latent
powers. A
flash of professional inspira-
tion came to his aid.
"Gentlemen," he said soothingly, "I
think I can see a way out of this diffi-
culty, which will give each of you an op-
portunity to officiate, and prevent the
funeral from being spoiled. Here are
two large rooms, opening by wide doors
from opposite sides of a central hall.
There are people enough to fill the two
35
rooms easily. The remains can be placed
in the hall between the two rooms, where
they can be seen from both. Each of
you conduct a service in a separate room,
and all the guests can be comfortably
seated, in a position to hear or partici-
pate in one service or the other."
it possessed the merit of practicability,
and after some brief demur, both min-
isters reluctantly consented to the ar-
rangement. The body was quickly re-
moved to the hall, and disposed in a po-
sition where it would be visible from
both rooms. The undertaker made a
brief statement of the situation, and an-
nounced that two services would be held.
The company divided according to their
individual preferences, some taking seats
in the other room, others remaining
where they were. The Baptist choir r f
course went with their own minister, the
Methodist choir remained with theirs.
When the widow came out, clad in deep-
est weeds and sobbing softly, she took
her seat, whether by inadvertence or
Mr. Brown had elected to conduct his
part of the ceremony.
Each service opened with singing.
The Methodist choir sang "Rock of
Ages." The Baptist choir softly chant-
ed "Asleep in Jesus," until they were
compelled to sing louder in order to be
heard at all. Each of the ministers then
read a passage of Scripture; there was
no conflict in this, as they were far
enough apart to avoid confusion.
Each then offered prayer. The Meth-
odist minister rendered thanks for the
blessing of a beautiful life that had been
spared so long among them as an exam-
ple of right living. Mr. Brown, on the
other side of the hall, with equal fervor
asked for comfort to the sorrowing
widow in her bereavement. And each
in his own words prayed that the event
they had come together to mourn over
might be a warning to those present of
the transitoriness of all earthly good,
and that by calling attention to the com-
mon mortality it might humble their
souls and drive out jealousy and envy
and malice and all uncharitableness.
At the close of the prayers there was
—
another musical number or rather two
 — :
36 THE
of them. The Baptist choir rendered an
anthem breathing resignation and com-
fort. The Methodist choir sang a hymn
of triumph over death and the grave.
Some one discreetly closed one of the
doors during the singing, so that no dis-
cord marred the harmony of this part
of the service.
When two addresses were well
the
under way, a man came up the street and
entered the premises by the front gate.
There had been several late arrivals, but
until this one appeared they had all
found seats in the house. As the new-
comer approached he saw the crepe upon
the door, noted the half-drawn blinds,
and glanced across the lot at the row of
carriages drawn up on the side street.
With an expression of mingled wonder
and alarm, he drew nearer the door and
heard the sound of preaching. He
stepped softly upon the porch but paused
before he reached the door, and, after
hesitating a moment, came down again,
and going around to the side of the house
stood on tiptoe and peered curiously
through the half-closed blinds at the
scene within. First he noticed the coffin,
piled high with flowers. Then the ser-
mon fixed his attention, and clutching
the window-sill with his elbows he stood
listening for several minutes.
"Indeed, my dear brethren and sis-
ters," Elder Johnson was saying, "we
may well mourn the death of our dear
brother, and look upon it as an irrepar-
able loss. Where will we find a man
who was so generous in his contributions
to the church, so devoted to his family,
or who set a better example of the Chris-
tian life? In him we have lost a leader
in every good work, a faithful friend, a
dear brother, a strong pillar in the
church, a champion of his race, a man
whom we all loved and admired. Cut
off in the prime of life, in the full tide
of his usefulness, we mourn his depart-
ure, and we rejoice that he has lived
we celebrate his virtues and we revere
his memory."
The man outside dropped from his
somewhat constrained position, and the
puzzled expression on his face became
even more pronounced. But he had
heard the voice, though indistinctly, of
the minister across the hall, and he went
CRISIS
softly around the rear of the house and
picking up a small box which lay in the
yard, placed it- under a window of the
other room. Looking through the slats,
he saw a woman dressed in deepest
mourning. Her face was concealed by
the heavy crepe veil that fell before it,
but her form was shaken by convulsive
sobs. Grouped around the room was an
audience equally as large as the one
across the hall, and the young Baptist
minister was saying, with great unction
"There are no words, my hearers, by
which we can adequately express the
sympathy we feel for this bereaved
widow in this, her hour of deepest earth-
ly sorrow. Our hearts go out to this be-
loved sister, whose mainstay has been
cut off, and who has been left to tread
the thorny path of life in loneliness and
desolation. I know that if the departed
can look down from that upper sphere
which he now adorns, upon this scene
of his late earthly career, no more pain-
ful thought could mar the celestial seren-
ity of his happiness than the reflection
that he had left behind him in inconsol-
able grief the companion of his earthly
joys and sorrows. We
feel for our sis-
ter; we commend her to the source of
all comfort; we assure her of such
friendly offices as are within our weak
power. And we hope that in time the
edge of her grief will lose its sharpness,
and that she may feel resigned to the de-
cree of Heaven, and find such consola-
tion as a life of usefulness may yet have
to offer her."
The two sermons came to an end al-
most simultaneously, and again the two
audiences were led in prayer. While
the eyes of the two ministers were raised
on high in supplication, and those of
their hearers were piously turned to
earth, the man on the outside, unable to
restrain his curiosity longer, stepped
down from his box, came around to the
front door, opened walked softly for-
it,
ward, and stopped by the casket, where
he stood looking down at the face it con-
tained.
that moment the two prayers came
At
to an end, the eyes of the ministers
sought a lower level, while those of the
guests were raised, and they saw the
stranger standing by the coffin.
Some nervous women screamed, sev-
 ;;; ; ; ; — ; —
POEMS 37

eral strong men turned pale, and there said, in passing, that Mr. Taylor never
was a general movement that would explained his prolonged absence very
probably have resulted in flight if there satisfactorily. Hedid tell a story, or
had been any way out except by passing rather a vague outline of a story, lacking
through the hall. in many of the corroborative details
The man by the casket looked up with which establish truthfulness, about an
even greater wonderment than he had accident and a hospital. As he is still a
before displayed. pillar in the Jerusalem Methodist church,
"Whose funeral is this, anyhow ?" he and trying hard to live up to the stand-
asked, addressing himself to nobody in ard set by his funeral sermons, it would
particular. be unbecoming to do more than suggest,
"Why," responded several voices in in the same indefinite way, that when
!"
chorus, "it's your funeral elderly men, who have been a little wild
A light dawned on the newcomer, and in their youth, are led by sudden tempta-
he looked much relieved. tion, when away from the restraining in-
"There's some mistake here," he said, fluences of home, to relapse for a time
"or else if I'm dead I don't know it. I into the convivial habits of earlier days,
was certainly alive when I came in on there are, in all well-governed cities, in-
the train from Buffalo about thirty min- stitutions provided at the public expense,
utes ago." where they may go into retreat for a
fixed period of time, of such length
The drowning Buffalo harbor of a
in say five or ten or twenty or thirty days
man Taylor had been, of
resembling — as the circumstances of each partic-
course, a mere coincidence. It might be ular case may seem to require.

THE END.

SHAKESPEARE MY HERO
By Benjamin Brawley (To Robert Gould Shaw)
I thought how oft the great gray god of By Benjamin Brawley
years, Flushed with the hope of high desire.
Swinging adown the dark abysm of time,
He buckled on his sword,
Some lamp portentous in the dimness To dare the rampart ranged with fire,
rears,
Or where the thunder roared
Into the smoke and flame he went,
Some taper high, ineffable, sublime For God's great cause to die
Now darts a gleam faint thrilling
A youth of heaven's element,
through the deep, The flower of chivalry.
And now a glimmer from archangels'
wings This was the gallant faith, I trow.
And then once more the mighty aeons Of which the sages tell;
sleep, On such devotion long ago
Lost in the slumber that the darkness The benediction fell
brings And never nobler martyr burned,
And then I dreamed of one Promethean Or braver hero died,
light, Than he who worldly honor spurned
That, throbbing, as a mystic searchlight To praise the Crucified.
blazed
Through all the caverns. Nature leaped And Lancelot and Sir Bedivere
in might May pass beyond the pale,
To And wander over moor and mere
greet the signal from the rampart
raised
To find the Holy Grail
But ever yet the prize forsooth
Her innocent heart at last a flame in- My hero holds in fee,
quired ; And he is Blameless Knight in truth,
And one by one all other lights expired. And Galahad to me.
 ;

IdtlOllA^vilEA^ WM
BRANCHES This brief was sent to all members of
Baltimore: the Legislature.
The Frederick Douglass anniversary District of Columbia:
meeting, held by the Branch, February The Juvenile Committee of the Dis-
11, at the Sharp Street Methodist trict of Columbia Branch of which Mrs.
Church, had as its chief speaker Mr. Carrie W. Clifford is the Chairman,
Charles Edward Russell. At the con- gave a dramatic recital in the Wesley
cert given on March 11 by the Williams
A. M. Zion Church, with Mr. Charles
Colored Singers at Albaugh's Theatre, Borroughs as reader. A
substantial
for the benefit of the N. A. A. C. P.,
sum was turned over to the Treasurer
the Branch cleared nearly one hundred
of the District of Columbia Branch as a
dollars.
result. The next public meeting of this
Boston: Committee will be held on April 18 and
will be distinctively a children's meet-
A monster meeting of protest against
ing, almost the entire program being
legislation in Congress, discriminating
was held by the
against colored citizens, given by children.
Boston Branch in Tremont Temple, Harrisburg:
Sunday afternoon, March 7. The audi- The Harrisburg Branch is endeavor-
ence numbered over three thousand. The ing to get a new civil rights bill passed
speakers were the Hon. Martin B. Mad- in the Legislature. Co-operating with
den, member of Congress from Illinois it are the Philadelphia and Pittsburgh
Mrs. Mary E. Wilson and Dr. J. E. branches. Harrisburg is also continuing
Spingarn. Mr. Storey presided. With its prosecution of the Dauphin County
the exception of the District of Colum- moving picture case which tests the
bia Branch, Boston leads in the efficiency civil rights bill of 1887 and which the
of its organization for campaigning branch has already won in the lower
against hostile legislation. The printed courts.
appeal which the Branch sent out to all Hoivard University Chapter: Miss
its members urging immediate action Ethel Cuff of the Senior Class of the
was a model in its practical suggestions Teachers' College of Howard University
and the information it contained. With
won the framed picture of William
it was enclosed a slip giving the names,
Lloyd Garrison, offered by the college
residences and terms of office of the
Massachusetts members of Congress. chapter of the N. A. A. C. P., for the
best essay on the subject, "What should
Detroit:
Be the Purpose of the College Chapters
This branch is still working hard to
of the N. A. A. C. P." Miss Zephyr
defeat the anti-intermarriage clause in.
Moore of the Junior Class of the Teach-
the proposed marriage law mentioned in
ers' College received honorable mention.
The Crisis for March. The bill is now
in the joint judiciary committee of the Indianapolis:
Senate and House. A
committee calling At the mass meeting held in the Jones
itself The Committee on Equitable Leg- Tabernacle on February 26, at which
islation and including Father Bagnall, Mr. Brokenburr, President of the
Secretary of the Detroit Branch and Branch, presided. Father Bagnall, of
Mr. Francis H. Warren, its attorney, Detroit, made a characteristically elo-
have compiled and published an admir- quent and thought provoking address
able brief against the proposed law. entitled "The Way Out for the Negro."

Louisville:
A case to test the new
ordinance was brought by this branch
through their attorneys, Blakey, Quinn
& Lewis, the leading lawyers of the
city. This week the ordinance was de-
clared valid. Record is now being pre-
pared and the case will probably be
argued in the Court of Appeals in May.
Portland:
This branch has made the
in removing the so-called "black laws"
from the statute books. A bill has
passed the Legislature which will place
on the ballot at the next election a con-
stitutional amendment to repeal that
section of the state constitution which
excludes Negroes and mulattoes from
the state and which denies to all Ne-
groes, mulattoes and Chinese the right of
suffrage. Both of these sections of the
constitution are practically void. The
bill to eliminate them from the consti-
tution was introduced by Senator
George McBride who has been assisted
in this work by Senator Farrell, Dr.
Andrew D. Smith and D. C. Lewis,
members of the House.
The branch has held a number of
able meetings, including a Lincoln's
birthday celebration. The work done by
its Publicity Committee is especially
good. The President is Dr. J. A. Mer-
riman, the Secretary, Mrs. Beatrice
Morrow Cannaday, and the Chairman
of the Executive Committee, Mr. E. D.
Cannaday.
Pittsburgh:
On the 17th of March the Branch
held its first quarterly meeting in the
Central Baptist Church, adding over
eighty new members and raising one
hundred dollars in cash. It sent a con-
tribution of twenty-five dollars to assist
the Harrisburg Branch in continuing its
prosecution of the moving picture case
mentioned above.
St. Louis:
This branch, through a committee of
thirty members, fifteen white and fifteen
colored, is waging an extensive cam-
paign against an attempt to pass a se-
gregation ordinance. A pamphlet pre-
pared by Mr. Roger N. Baldwin, of the
Executive Committee, is being published
N. A A. C. P. 39
for distribution to citizens. Every news-
segregation paper in the city is opposed to the ordi-
nance.
A committee known as the United
Welfare Association which has the co-
operation of the real estate interests of
the city favors the proposed ordinance.
Several previous attempts to pass a se-
gregation ordinance having failed, this
committee is now circulating initiative
petitions calling for a special election on
first step the question. To hold this election re-
quires fifteen thousand signatures, that
is ten per cent, of the registered voters.
Tacoma:
At the Lincoln celebration, held in
Odd Fellows' Temple on February 12,
the program included some of the most
eminent white and colored people in
Tacoma.
Wilmington:
At a mass meeting which taxed the
standing capacity of Odd Fellow' Hall,
held on March 7, under the auspices of
the Wilmington Branch, the chief
speakers were ex-Senator Washburn,
of Elkton, Md. and Dr. William A. Sin-
clair, of Philadelphia.
not-
ANNUAL CONFERENCE
As voted some months ago by the
Board of directors, because of the re-
trenchment necessitated by the war, the
National Conference will not be held
this year. The Association will hold a
meeting in connection with the National
Conference of Charities and Correction
in Baltimore on the afternoon of May
13, beginning at three o'clock. This
meeting will be rather informal in char-
acter, having as its object the stimula-
tion of discussion of the race problem
among the members of the Conference.
Addresses will be made by Miss Mary
White Ovington, who will speak on
"City Philanthropy Among Colored
People ;" Prof. William Pickens, whose
subject will be "The Ultimate Effects of
Discrimination;" and Prof. Goerge Wil-
liam of Howard University, for
Cook
many years a member of the National
Conference of Charities and Correction,
who will talk on "The Community and
The Colored Child."
 : :::
FIGHTING RACE CALUMNY
AN INSTANCE OF THE WAY THE
N. A. A. C. P. WORKS
THE CHRONOLOGICAL RECORD OF THE FIGHT
AGAINST THE "CLANSMAN" IN
MOVING PICTURES.
February 12-26:
.We are advised by our Los Angeles
Branch that "The Birth of a Nation,"
a picture play founded on Dixon's
. "Clansman," is running- in that city and
that the branch has been unable to sup-
press the play because it has the approval
of the National Board of Censorship,
located in New York.
Advance announcement of this per-
formance in New York appears in the
local press.
We go to the office of the Board of
Censorship and request
The names of the committee who ap-
proved the picture so that we may ascer-
tain its character from someone who has
seen it; the names and addresses of the
National Board of Censorship a list of
;
the cities where the film has been re-
leased the possibility of arranging for
; performance unless it actually leads to a
an advance performance when the film
could be reviewed by the entire Board
of Censorship and a committee from our
Association.
The office of the Board of Censorship
reply that there is nothing objectionable
in the picture and refuse to give us the
names of any of the committee who
have approved it. They also refuse the
addresses of members of their board
and advise us not to communicate with
them. They say that since the picture
has been passed by the Board, no ad-
vance performance can be arranged in
New York and nothing can be done
about it.
We appeal to the Chairman of the
National Board of Censorship, Mr.
Frederic C. Howe, for an advance per-
formance and it is arranged.
February 27:
We write a letter to the members of
the National Board of Censorship stat-
ing our position in regard to the picture.
The National Board Censorship
of
and a committee from our Association
are invited to attend the advance per-
formance on March 1. We were at first
promised twelve tickets later the num-
;
ber is cut to two by the office of the
Board of Censorship and colored people
are excluded.
March 1
The National Board of Censorship
meet after the performance and (ac-
cording to their Chairman, Dr. Howe),
disapprove certain incidents in the first
section of the film and practically the
entire second part. No communication
in regard to this action is sent from the
office of the Board of Censorship to the
N. A. A. C. P.
March 3
The owner and producer of the film
are summoned by the N. A. A. C. P.
to the Police Court on the grounds that
they are maintaining a public nuisance
and endangering the public peace. They
are represented by Martin W. Littleton.
Chief Magistrate McAdoo rules that it
is not within his jurisdiction to stop the
breach of the peace.
March 8
We write for a statement of the dis-
approval of the play by the Board of
Censorship. We do not get it. We re-
quest all our members in New York and
vicinity to write letters of protest to the
press.
March 9
We again write to the Board of Cen-
sorship for a statement of their disap-
proval of the film and also request a
copy of the statement of release which
is being sent to other cities, and a list of
the states where bills for public censors
are pending.
We are advised by a member of the
Board of Censorship that the action of
the Board on March 1 in disapproving
the film was not official. No communi-
cation on the subject comes from the
office of the Board.
March 10:
Prominent members of our Associa-
tion,Mr. Jacob H. Schifr, Miss lane
Addams, Dr. Jacques Loeb, Miss Lillian
 : ::

FIGHTING RACE CALUMNY 41

D. Wald, as well as several prominent as endangering public morals also on ;

white Southerners, see the play. All the ground that the effect of the picture
agree in condemning it. is likely to lead to a breach of the peace.

March 10: March 23

The National Association brings crim- A review of the play in the New Re-
inal proceedings Aitken and
against public for March 20 published under the
Griffith, owner and producer of the film, title "Brotherly Love," is mailed by the
and retains James W. Osborne as attor- N. A. A. C. P. for editorial comment to
ney. five hundred newspapers.
March 1 1

We send a letter to the moving picture March 24

trade calling their attention to the action The New York press breaks its silence

of Aitken and Griffith in producing this by publishing the "story" of the split on
play after it has been disapproved by the the Board of Censorship over the vote
National Board of Censorship. on this film.
March 12: March 26:
We appeal to the Commissioner of We are advised by the Mayor that he
Licenses to stop the performance under will receive a delegation from our Asso-
that section of the penal code which ap- ciation. We invite all churches, clubs,
plies to public nuisances. and organizations interested, in New
We are advised that the Board of York and unite with us in
vicinity, to
Censorship is seeing the play in its re- appearing at this hearing.
vised form. We
attend the same per- March 27:
formance and find that only slight We attempt to arrange a procession
changes have been made. to theMayor's office. License is refused
March 13: on the ground that it might lead to a
Miss Jane Addams who has witnessed breach of the peace.
the play at our request, gives an exclu-
March 29
sive interview condemning it to the
The National American Woman Suf-
Evening Post, which is sent out by the
frage Association refuses to co-operate
National Association to the press of the
with the National Board of Censorship
country. None of the New York papers
in working against the bill for a public
carried this except the Post which, we
censor pending in Pennsylvania, because
understand, is the only paper in New
of the action of the Board on this play.
York that has refused the advertising
ifor "The Birth of a Nation."
March 30:
LMarch 15: Hearing before the Mayor with fol-
lowing speakers Dr. Frederic C. Howe,
We are officially advised by the office
:

of the National Board of Censorship

Chairman of the National Board of
Censorship Dr. William H. Brooks,
that the film has been approved by the
;

Board. Some of the members present Pastor of St. Mark's M. E. Church Dr. ;

tell us that the producer was even W. E. B. Du Bois, Editor of the

cheered when he came into the room. Crisis; Dr. Stephen S. Wise, Rabbi of
March 16: the Free Synagogue; Mr. Fred R.
We are asked by the Board of Cen- Moore, Editor of the Nezv York Age;
sorship to retract our letter sent to the Mr. 'George E. Wibecan, President of
moving picture trade. We
do not. the Brooklyn Citizens' Club and Mr. ;

We request of the Board of Censor- Oswald Garrison Villard, President of

ship the addresses of their committees
and again ask for a list of the cities
where the film has been released and a
list of states where bills for public cen-
the New York Evening Post Company,
and Vice President of the N. A. A. C. P.
The following organizations were rep-
resented The colored and white minis-
:

sors are pending. We

do not get this try of Greater New York, the Citizens'
information. Club of Brooklyn, the Committee of One
March 19: Hundred of Hudson County, N. J., the
We write the Mayor requesting him National League of Urban Conditions
to use his authority to suppress the play Among Negroes, the United Civic
as an offense against public decency and League, the Columbus Hill Civic
 : ::
42 THE
League, and the Northeastern Federa-
tion ofWomen's Clubs.
The Mayor told the delegation which
overflowed the Council Chamber that he
had seen the film and that he agreed
with all that had been said about it. He
felt that it might perhaps incite to
breaches of the peace and had already
so advised the management of the
theatre and the owners of the film; the
latter had consented to cut out the two
scenes which had been particularly ob-
jected to and the play would be pro-
duced in that form for the first time
that night. This, the Mayor was careful
to say, had been done without any at-
tempt on his part to exercise any power
he might be given by statute. The
breadth and force of such powers were
in doubt, he said, but if it was found
necessary to take the matter up again
he would take such steps as were au-
thorized by law.
March 31
We adjourn our legal case with the
"OLIVER CROMWELL"
By W. T.
December the 13th, 1776, Washing-
ton's army was in peril.
General Lee had marched with his
command as far as Morristown, N.
taking up his quarters at Basking Ridge.
On the evening of December the 13th a
squad of British cavalry captured Lee
and hurried him off to New York. Gen-
eral Sullivan took command of General
Lee's division and hastened to join
Washington.
The entire American force now
amounted to a little more than six thou-
sand men. In the midst of disaster
Washington saw in the disposition of the
British forces an opportunity to strike
a blow for his disheartened countrymen.
The leaders of the enemy were off of
their guard. They believed that the war
was ended. Cornwallis obtained leave
of absence, left the State of New Jersey
in command of General Grant and made
preparations to return to England. The
English army was spread out from
Trenton to Burlington.
It was at this critical time that Wash-
CRISIS
idea of discontinuing it if the changes
promised by the Mayor are made in the
film.
April 1
We see the play in its second revised
form and find again that only unimport-
ant changes have been made and that
the two particularly objectionable scenes
still remain the motif of the second part.
We again appeal to the Mayor calling
his attention to the fact that these scenes
which he promised the delegation should
be eliminated have not been cut out.
April 2
Miss Rosalie Jonas, a native of New
Orleans, with other prominent Suffrag-
ists in New York, file a protest with the
Mayor against the play.
We are advised by the Mayor that he
has been assured by the producers of
the film that they will meet his wishes in
the matter of elision.
{To be continued, and we trust con-
cluded, in our next.)
FREEMAN
ington conceived the bold idea of, cross-
ing the Delaware River and striking the
detachment of the enemy's forces at
J., Trenton before a concentration of the
forces could be affected.
The American army was accordingly
arranged in three divisions the first, ;
under General Cadwallader, was to cross
the river at Bristol and attack the Brit-
ish at Burlington. General Ewing with
his brigade was to pass over a little be-
low Trenton for the purpose of inter-
cepting the retreat while Washington
with General Sullivan and General
Greene and twenty-four thousand) men
were to cross nine miles above Trenton,
march down the river bank and assault
the town. Everything was to be carried
out with the greatest of secrecy.
Christmas night was selected as the
time to strike the blow it was a well
;
known fact that a majority of the Eng-
lish would be drunk from their Christ-
mas revelry.
The night was cold, the river was
filled with floating ice. Generals Ewing

THE BURDEN
and Cadwallader were baffled in their
efforts to cross the riveron account of
the severity of the cold and the floating
ice, but Washington and his aids suc-
ceeded.
In the boat with Washington amongst
the muffled rowers was our hero "Oliver
Cromwell," a colored man.
They landed on the Jersey coast about
3 A. M., marched down to Princeton
getting there about 8 A. M., where they
attacked the British to their surprise and
conquered them.
Oliver Cromwell was born at the
Black Horse (now Columbus) in the
C"So she coaxed him on and on with his
history, as Desdemona persuaded Othello
to talk. Only Eldon was not a blacka-
moor, and it was of his defeats and not
his victories that he told. Which made
him perhaps all the more attractive, see-
ing that he was well born and well
—
made." Rupert Hughes in Munsey's,
Dec, 1914.
CA colored woman had purchased some
goods from a white man on the install-
ment plan. Having gotten somewhat be-
hind in the payments, the white collector
ordered her to have his money for him
on a given day. This the woman failed
to do and the collector thereupon began
to beat her. She ran out of her house
into the store of a colored man begging
the storekeeper for protection. This was
given her, and the white man was pushed
out of doors. A
telephone call was sent
by the colored man for the patrol wagon.
When the policeman arrived he at once
put the colored woman under arrest, and
while he was leading her to the patrol
wagon the collector began to assault her
again by kicking her, whereupon the
colored man once more intervened. The
colored woman was put into the patrol
wagon and carried to the jail. The as-
—
43
family of John Hutchin. He enlisted
with a company commanded by Captain
Lowery attached to the second regiment
under the command of Colonel Isaac
Shrever.
He fought at the battle in Princeton
with bravery on that memorable morn-
ing, December 26th, 1776. At the battle
of Springfield he distinguished himself
and also at Yorktown.
At war he received an
the end of the
honorable discharge from the army, his
papers being signed by General Wash-
ington, Commander-in-Chief of the
American Army.
saulting collector rode with the driver
for a short distance, then got down and
—
went about his business. From a south-
ern paper.
CA colored man, educated, runs an auto.
He does quite a good business taking
people riding. Recently a lady called
him over the 'phone asking his terms by
the hour, etc. He gave her particulars,
which she said were satisfactory. Then
asked him if he thought it was too cold
to go out that day. He replied "It is quite
cold, but if you wish to go, I will take
you." After more pleasant conversation
and a request for him to come at a cer-
tain timeand place, she said "Oh are !
are you colored?" He replied "Yes."
She said "I think it is a little too cold
today, I think I won't go." I, being a
Yankee and coming recently from the
Wooden Nutmeg State, am quite dense
in regard to the color line. When he
told me I replied "Why it seems to be
quite the style to have colored chauf-
feurs; almost all the high-toned people
have them." He replied "You do not un-
derstand if I did not own the car it
;
would be all right; but it is very pre-
suming for a colored man to own an
auto." The light dawned on me, and I
44 THE
replied "I am so thankful I am not that
kind of a fool."— M. L. S. S., Washing-
ton, D. C.
" Oklahoma.
,
C"The subscription which I paid for to
be sent to the Carnegie Library of this
place may be changed to .
"This request is made for the reason
that The Crisis is not permitted to re-
main in the library. This information
was given me by the janitor who happens
to be a colored man. It is ordered out as
soon as it appears."
C"The board of trustees of the Hyde
Park Presbyterian Church at Fifty-third
Street and Blackstone Avenue will hold
a meeting to-morrow night in the board
room in the church to consider what
shall be their attitude toward the theatre
which has been built next door, and
which, its owners say, will be converted
into a Negro church if a theatrical li-
—
cense is denied them. Chicago Examin-
er.
"Toano, Va.
C"I am bothered and handicapped in my
business. have struggled in affliction
I
and discouragement to the limit of
human endurance; and alone. I have
been afflicted with rheumatism for ten
years.
"I have a nice little farm which has
been advertised for sale by one of the
worst men here. In my crisis I was
forced to borrow some money from him.
In a short time he attempted to sell my
home, raising my account to nearly dou-
ble what I had gotten from him. I
charged him with usuary and took out
an injunction and stopped the sale.
"On the 8th the judge in the lower
court decided against me. I at once filed
an application for an appeal. On the 23d
inst. I went to Hampton, Va., with the
hope of seeing Major Moton or Capt.
Allen Washington to get some advice. I
did succeed in seeing Capt. Washington.
He advised me to write you and it might
be that you would make some recom-
mendation that would help me. I have
a large family a wife and seven little
; the state receives from the United States,
children, the oldest twelve years.
"And above all things earthly, I want
my farm on which I may learn my little
children how to work and get an honest
CRISIS
living, without walking the roads in idle-
ness.
"This man claims that I owe him $625
with interest from 1913 to date. I don't
owe it, I have never gotten it. I have
valuable property here near Toano, Va.,
on the peninsula, about 40 miles from
Hampton and 37 miles from Richmond,
Va., near the railroad station, which is
worth double the money; this man wants
it and says he intends to have it.
"He has taken my uncle's which joins
mine and is now building houses on it.
He says he is going to build on mine in
the same way.
"I am now praying for help from
those of our people who can help, and
who know where help can be found.
I am very humbly yours,
(Signed) J. A. Jones.
C[ The legislature of Oklahoma has had
a stormy debate on the race problem
arising from a proposal to appropriate
$15,000 for the support of the colored
State University and an extra $20,000
for water works and sewerage systems.
Representative Childers of Garfield
county, declared that he was opposed to
any appropriations for "niggers."
"Let's take care of our white institu-
tions first," shouted Childers, "before
voting money for the niggers. I don't
believe God created the black man, any-
way, and if He did He only intended for
him to be a servant for the white man."
Representative Morgan, a Democratic
minister of the gospel, made a bitter
speech against the Negro :
"They dont need educating," declared
Morgan, "for I have observed that the
Negro woman takes in washing to sup-
port her worthless educated husband.
We should take care of the Negro only
as far as we are able. This is a white
man's country."
Other representatives supported the
appropriation which was finally passed
but with the water works and sewerage
system item cut out. As a matter of fact
the $15,000 thus given is really less than
for the agricultural training of Negroes.
One legislator defended Langston. He
said that it "educates the Negro for agri-
cultural pursuits. The town nigger is a

THE BURDEN
cwrse and the country nigger is a neces-
sity. I want to see them taught to be
useful on the farms and as servants."
Representative Pinkham was among
the few who took a strong stand.
"We Democrats," said Pinkham, "can-
not take a position that involves hatred
or viciousness against the Negro race.
They were brought here against their
will, and it is up to you people to take
care of them."
THE MURDER OF PAUL SMITH
C Early one cold morning in last Decem-
ber, some time before daybreak, the
dead body of a young Negro man was
found on Ninth street, near State. The
discovery was made by two policemen.
Several hours before this gruesome
find was made, these same policemen
had gone to a house of ill repute in that
neighborhood, probably in search of
Paul Smith, a Negro youth who had es-
caped from the chain gang. At any rate,
Smith was there when the officers ar-
rived, and he made a dash to escape,
clad only in his night clothes. The offi-
cers fired several shots and went their
way.
The young Negro found dead on
Ninth street, two or three hours later,
was Paul Smith. He wore only his night
clothes and had been shot to death.
An indictment was returned against
the two policemen who had attempted to
arrest Smith, charging them with mur-
der. The case was continued and did
not come to trial until two or three days
ago, when it was called in the Circuit
Court atBlountville. The officers are
said to have testified that they did not
shoot at Smith or in his direction. The
evidence was such that the jury rendered
a verdict of not guilty.
The policemen who attempted to ar-
rest Smith would have had no right to
kill him, since there was no charge
against him of a more serious nature
than a misdemeanor. Therefore, it is
with a feeling of relief that the local
public learns that these officers did not
commit this crime. But here arises a
question which, doubtless, has suggested
Who
itself to the reader: did commit the
crime, and what is the theory of the po-
lice department as to the motive, and
;
45
what steps have been taken to clear up
the mystery?
Paul Smith was "only a Negro," to be
sure he seems to have been an occasion-
;
lawbreaker probably he was not
al petty ;
worth much to the community. But he
was human, and he had a right to live
so long as he did nothing to forfeit his
life. He was not a dangerous character
he had committed no serious offense he;
was killed without provocation, for he
was found dead in his night clothes, with
no weapon of any kind on his person.
It is to be regretted that, so far as the
public knows, no effort has been made to
v
apprehend his murderer. And it is to be
hoped that this is the last case of the
—
kind that will occur in this city. Edito-
rial in the Herald Courier (a white
daily) Bristol, Tenn.
FROM SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS
CLThe following incident that occurred
recently is illuminating on the canniness
of even the white boy when dealing with
Negroes and white people :
A small white boy knocked at the door
of the house where I was visiting. The
lady of the house was a mulatto of very
fair It developed that the
complexion.
lad picture post cards dur-
was peddling
ing his hours of freedom from school.
He opened up with quite a line of talk,
showing the lady post cards of the Ala-
mo and other familiar scenes. She no-
ticed, however, that there was a pack in
one hand that he did not show and on
asking him to let her see the pack in
question, evidently mistaking his ques-
tioner for a white woman, he said air-
ily, "Oh, you don't want to see them.
They're for Niggers." Her interest be-
ing aroused by this unexpected reply,
she insisted on inspecting the Jim Crow
pack. They proved to be copies of a
certain cheap, but familiar type of pic-
tures of Jack Johnson, black angels, and
a group of Negro notables. The whole
incident was so unexpected, so illuminat-
ing, and so rich (because the boy rattled
on about his way of dealing with Ne-
groes, totally unconscious of the racial
identity of his questioner, for certainly
there was no natural racial repulsion to
warn the boyi), and so truthful a picture
of the usual white man's attitude from
within, that I think it worth the time to
write to you.
 :

46 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

The Strength of Standard Life

Not long ago the writer of these articles received a letter from a friend in Ohio.
"Please send me some evidence other than your own printed matter that Standard
Life is all that it claims."
In reply we sent him an editorial taken from the Atlanta Constitution referring
to us which said, among other things "The final test of the Company's worth is
:

that it qualified for a -license under the new insurance laws, among the most
drastic in America." We
sent him a certificate signed by the Treasurer of the
State of Georgia, that he holds bonds owned by us, of a par value of One Hundred
Thousand Dollars, for the protection of our policyholders. referred him to We
the New York Independent (August 25, 1914), whose insurance page is one of the
highest authorities in the land. We
sent him the statement of the Certified Public
Accountant who has examined us twice "All records of the Company were found
:

in excellent condition and its affairs are carefully managed."

The Strength of Standard Life

Lies Both in Methods and in Men
Though hundreds and hundreds of assessment societies and insurance associations
have disappeared from existence, there has never been a failure of a life insurance
company conducted rigidly on old-line legal reserve principles. Standard Life was
organized and is operated on the old-line legal reserve plan. Standard Life is
following the plans and the methods that made the Equitable, the New York Life,
the Metropolitan, and the Northwestern Mutual great.
In 1913, it set aside a reserve liability of over $7,000; in 1914 this reserve was
increased over $15,000, making a total reserve liability set aside of over Twenty-
two Thousand Dollars. It has in addition Paid In Capital of $100,000.00 which
is invested in first class bonds and deposited with the State.

Back of Its Methods are Men

Itsofficers and directors are men of unquestioned integrity and ability. They
are men who know what they are doing, and who are doing what they know.
Our reports to the Insurance Departments of Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee,
Kentucky, Missouri, Arkansas, and Texas where we operate show, among others,
the following figures
Gross Assets
Legal Reserve
Cash Income for 1914
------- $136,127.31
22,545.61
69,025.07
Death Claims Paid 2,625.00
Insurance in Force, December 31, 1914 - $1,205,000.00

. Our policyholders live in 23 States and the Canal Zone. can protect We
Please
""• you no matter where you live in amounts from $250.00 to $5,000.00.
end me *.

particulars •

£S~. STANDARD LIFE INSURANCE CO.

An.™,. \
.....
200 Auburn Avenue, ATLANTA, GEORGIA
Sex V
Aie
Capital Fully Paid - - $100,000.00
Over One Million and a Quarter Insurance in Force
Occupation \ Issues Policies from $250.00 to $5,000.00
Name '•

Address \ HEMAN E. PERRY, President

(C. May 1915) \ HARRY H. PACE, Secretary

Mention The Crisis

 ' — —
t

THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 47

Foot CHear pit To CUeai*

FROM FACTORY TO YOU BY PARCEL POST WITH NO ADDITIONAL COST

ball
STYLES M,
A^^4fi
CD. /A
Leathers

For trie discriminating buyer of shoes who experiences diffi-

culty in being suited, we guarantee to fit and satisfy you. Our
illustrated catalog and self measuring blank mailed on request. A
large and carefully selected line. Patronize a Race Industry.

Guaranteed Line $3.50, $4.00, $4.50, $5.00

Other Shoes $2.00, $2.50, $3.00
^ e FRED DOUGLASS SHOE CO., Inc. DEPT.
LYNN, MASS.

$3000 FOR YOU

THAT'S the money
County Sales
you should get this year. I mean it. I want
Managers quick, men or women who believe in
the square deal, who will go inlo partnership with me. No
experience needed. My folding Bath Tub has taken the country by
storm. Solves the bathing problem. No plumbing, no water works
required. Full length bath in any room. Folds in small roll, handy
as an umbrella. I tell you it's great GREAT! Rivals $100 bath
1

room. Now listen I want YOU to handle your county.

1 I'll fur-
Exclusive nish demonstrating tub on liberal plan. I'm positive absolutely cer- —
Territory. —
tain you can get bigger money in a week with me than you ever
made in a month before. I KNOW IT1
100^
Profit.
Two Sales a Day
$300.00 a Month
—
That's what you should get every month. Needed in every home, badly wanted,
eagerly bought.Modern bathingjacrtities for all the people. Take the orders right
and left. Quick sales, immense
profits. Look at these men
Smith. Ohio, got 18 orders first
k; Meyers, Wis.. $250 profit first
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ree days. You should do as well. 2
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The work is very easy, pleasant.
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Little capital needed. I grant
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H. S. Robinson, Pres., can".""' ncft Walkervllla, Onl.

Mention The Crisis

 ;

48 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

W A
lEALiIlIjnj f~*Tl TFIiV.The new efficiency era calls
for the modern way of
selecting teachers, through a live agency that furnishes
the connecting medium in a business way, saves time
of school officials, relieves teachers of the embarrass-
BEAUTY
ment of job hunting and covers the whole country.
We have had calls for teachers from Alabama,
CULTURE
Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Mis-
sissippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Rhode
Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia
and West Virginia. An art every woman should culti-
Our list of teachers covers even a wider territory. vate to retain the transparent,
THE MUTUAL TEACHERS' AGENCY velvety complexion of youth.

1335 T

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Street, N. W. Washington, D. C.

No. 24 Southern Buggy

There's no secret or
about it, just use
REJUVENATING CREAJvTW
for cleansing and massage
mystery

$—
a *
Highest Grade
$65 00 . A Value Unequaled.
Profit Margin
Soldon$x.oo
DELUXE POWDER (J
From for a beautiful complexion. Reju-
Factory to User
Write for prices
venating Cream, 20 cent jars.
De-
and other styles. Luxe Powder, white, pink, or high
Send for catalogr
PATTERSON brown, 50 cent boxes.
C. R.
A. SONS,
Greenfield, Ohio As a profession Beauty Culture offers a digni-
Largest Negro Carriage concern In the United States. employment for young wom-
fied and lucrative
en. Most completely appointed Beauty Cul-
ture Parlors and School in the east. All
brand
branches taught. Special terms for a limited
Start a Mail Order Business and Make Money
operate in your own home during spare
^ tim
time.
MADAM BARREAU
You can
time.

a week. Why
parcel post has opened up the doors of
The
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can't you? By our method you can
2: :
Bristol Building
V BEDFORD, MASS.
i
start with $5 and up.
money-making mail

culars, printed matter

order

and
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cents profit of every dollar order.
place
We
offer you thirty live,
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your
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furnish cir-
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$ 4b*
lowest rates. Send 10 cents for complete outfit. Do
it today —
Now!
MAIL DEALERS WHOLESALE HOUSE
517 Dearborn Street Chicago, 111.

Make Extra Money Each Week PfflfOS'PLflYIRPMHOS

Light, pleasant and very profitable work. Take
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cents with name
where.
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Large commissions.
Big demand every-
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Faclom TO Home
Write now for samples and terms.
THE HOUSE OF CHOWNING, Indianapolis, Ind.

Wealth is Power
The Union Development Company's
from factory to home.
of selling direct
BY MY FLAN \ can save you
stock is a wealth producer. $40,000.00 from $110 to $200 on my celebrated Evans Artist
of stock for sale at $10.00 per share. Model Pianos.

Stock is now paying 7%. Every dollar Twq to Four Years to Pay
The'feasiest kind of terms, weekly, monthly, quar-
invested in first class improved business terly or yearly payments to suit your convenience.
All middlemen, jobbers, dealers and agents
property, located in the heart of the city profits cut out. No charge for salesroom expense for my
no risk, no failure. Company duly office is in ray factory. These are some of the reasons
why I can sell the Evans Artist Model Pianos for such little
money. Let me send you the other reasons Write today.
chartered under the laws of Georgia; is
30 Days Free Trial
composed of some of the most successful We allow all freight charges, let you use the /A
and influential business men and women beautiful
free.
Evans Artist Model Piano for thirty
you are npt entirely satisfied, we will taRe/^/^jj»*
If
days/V/^7
it back without any' cost to you— you are the solzAyg' Jp
of the city and has great earning possi- judge to decide. If you want to keep It, you U>®lM&\y>?
do so on our low factory wholesale price <mg?/<?&
bilities. Send at once for free circular most convenient terms. /<y&* <.

giving full information. Free Music Lessons

to vnvt CUSTOMS* '
£%£& /
we will give a two years cour* of planp
Instruction free. Ask about <
ance plan and our method of
you money. Write today.
&
Union Development Co. F. O. £*—•»* Piano Co, >>

458 West Broad Street Savannah, Ga.

Ocpt. 81 Chicago
4wf/ss\
Mention The Crisis
 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 49

Atlanta University The Story of Wendell Phillips

by
CHARLES EDWARD RUSSELL
Studies of the "The story of the great abolitionist by a modern
Negro Problems abolitionist."

Mr. Russell says:

The real emancipators of the slaves were Garrison,
17 Monographs Sold Separately Phillips, John Brown and the few that, standing with
Address them upon the exalted ground of right, despised ex-
pediency and refused to compromise.
ATLANTA UNIVERSITY CONFERENCE This excellent book should be an inspiration to
ATLANTA UNIVERSITY :: ATLANTA. GA. every, lover of freedom.
PRICE, 50 CENTS
The CRISIS, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York
The Curse of Race Prejudice
By James F. Morton, Jr., A. M. Ju Better
clot" s e J«. Is The Ocean House known as

An
aggressive exposure by an Anglo-Saxon cham-
SEA ISLE CITY
pion of equal rights.
arguments.
Startling facts and crushing
Fascinating reading. necessity for A The Gordon Sea View, N. J.
clear understanding and up-to-date propaganda. Be- Personally managed by Mrs. Lucy Lee. This is
longs in the library of every friend of social justice. the only property we own on the Atlantic Beach
Price 25 cents. Send order to front. Every room opens on the ocean. Bathing,
boating, fishing, music, dancing. A beautiful view of
the ocean while dining from our new conservatory
JAMES F. MORTON, JR. dining room.
211 West 138th Street New York,
-:- N. Y. Special rates to school teachers for July.
Write for rates. Address:
MRS. LUCY LEE, 5 Plain St., Elmhurst, N. Y.
"GLEANINGS FROM DIXIE-LAND" After July 1st, The Ocean House, Sea Isle, N. J.
Ten poems by
Effii T. Battle, A.M.
"Mrs. Battle has an individual melody." Helpful Ideas for Young People in
— Springfield ofRepublican.
gift

"You owe it to your race to publish your poems in Regard to Life and Sex
book
vocate.
form." —Editor, Southwestern Christian Ad-
By CHARLOTTE ABBEY, M.D.
"Verses are smooth, graceful, high-minded and clear, 204 South 7th Street Philadelphia, Pa.
reverent to all truth, appreciative of all beauty and
—
true inspiration." George W. Cable.
Price, 10 Cents, includes postage
PRICE 25 CENTS.
Address: Okolona Industhal School,
Okolona, Miss.
YOUNG'S BOOK EXCHANGE
(George Youn^)
SILVER CHORD POEMS Novel Souvenir Post Cards
By one of the leading poets of the race, Colored Authors and Books on Race Problems
ADOLPHUS JOHNSON. a Specialty.

Printed on fine Aberdeen book paper, high- 135 W. 135th Street New York City
ly glazed, and handsomely bound in Olive
green cloth. A
book for every home. In dia-
lect and English. Start the buy a book move-
ment. Agents wanted.

75C» Postpaid
Price If You Plan to Visit
THE GRAY PUBLISHING CO. New York This Summer
420 South 11th Philadelphia
St.,
NEW YORK AT For study, sightseeing or pleasure, and desire
IN
The Crisis, 70 5th Ave. Young's Book Exchange. 135 W. 135th St. quiet, respectable accommodations with the
best private families, write the Housing

$25.00 PER
may be made commissions by parties handling
in
WEEK Bureau of the National
Among Negroes, at 2303
Conditions
League on Urban
Seventh
"History of Negro** Soldiers in Spanish-American
War" combined with "History of the Negro Race." Avenue, New York.
400 pages, 50 illustrations. Price $1.25 net
Address: E. A. JOHNSON
Our Service Is Absolutely FREE
154 Nassau Street NEW YORK
Mention The Crisis
50 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER
LEGAL DIRECTORY REGALIA
Telephones-
leiepnones.
/Central 104-W
J Main 61
A Race Enterprise
Manufacturing Badges,
HARRY E. DAVIS Banners and Supplies
Attorney-at-Law Notary Public
1607 Williamson Building Cleveland, Ohio for all Fraternal and
Church Societies. Cat-
Office L.D. Telephone 3297 Market alog upon request.
Residence L. D. Telephone 5277-M Market
CENTRAL REGALIA C».
GEORGE A. DOUGLAS Jos. L. Jones, Pros.
Counsellor-at-Law N. E. Corner 8th and Plum Streets, Cincinnati, Ohio
Rooms 613-614, Metropolitan Building
113 Market St., Cor. Washington, Newark, N. J.
LADIES!
General Practice Notary Public $2.40-Per Day-$2.40
WILLIAM R. MORRIS Selling our high-grade Food Flavoring.
Attorney and Counsellor-at-Law
Saucepan Free with each order.
1020 Metropolitan Life Building
Minneapolis Minn. W. HENRY ELMORE, JR.
510 Carolina Street Chattanooga, Tenn.

BROWN S. SMITH Big Pay for Easy Work-^

Attorney-at-Law Make $5 .00 to $15.00 a day in your spare
Offices: Suite 802 Sykes Block time — on tailoring orders. Write for
Near Third and Hennepin fine Free Sample Outfit, with special
Minneapolis Minn. offer and wholesale prices on clothes for
yourself. Address
The Chicago Tailors' Association
GEORGE W. MITCHELL Depl 309 Van Buren and Market Sis.. CHICAGO

Attorney-at-Law
908 Walnut Street
BRANCH MANAGERS
Philadelphia

Tel. 5437 Fort Hill Cable Address, Epben

Pa.

|| ^NEEDU ^^ ^^ my world-wide mail-order busi-

for
Operate from your home.
ness.
Spare time. You should make $50 weekly. Experience
unnecessary. C. A. BUTLER, 412 Factories, TOLEDO, OHIO
EDGAR P. BENJAMIN
Attorney and Counsellor-at-Law
34 School Street Boston, Mass. Rogers Silver State Seal
Telephone Connection
W. Ashbie Hawkins George W. F. McMechen
Souvenir Spoon
HAWKINS & McMECHEN Get
ROGERS A
this genuine,
1 State
guaranteed 18 8 1
Seal Souvenir
Attorneys-at-Law Spoon of your own state. They cer-
21 East Saratoga Street Baltimore, Md. tainly are beauties. You never saw
anything lovelier. The pattern is sim-
ply exquisite. They embody the new
idea of smooth, large, bowl and the
The kind
PERSONAL CARDS elaborately decorated handle.
women A
heavy deep cut state
love.
seal design; noble, modern and elegant.
Telephone 5277 Morningside The quality of the spoon is the very
best, solid, substantial and rich. They
DR. GERTRUDEE. CURTIS are spoons you will be proud to own.
Surgeon Dentist The illustration gives you only a faint
idea of the exquisite loveliness of the
188 W. 135th Street New York City whole effect. These spoons are made
and guaranteed by the time honored
firm of Wm, A. Rogers, which stands
WILLIAM L. BELL ERNEST W. KING for finest designing, highest grade of
workmanship and longest wear. Every
Associate Architects spoon is wrapped in the original guar-
antee certificate. These spoons retail
300 Odd Fellow Bldg. ATLANTA, GA. from 50c to 75c each. Special intro-
ductory price 15 cents each, 3c addi-
tional for postage on one spoon and lc
for each additional spoon. We need
J. E. ORMES ambitious, energetic and reliable men
and women to represent us. Exclusive

Audits
ACCOUNTANT Syitema
territory. This is a high grade clean
proposition.
it; address
Your opportunity; grasp

Business information by mail. Open for

engagements July and August Rogers Souvenir Spoon Co.
Box 25, Wilberforce University
Wilberforce, O. 2252 South Sacramento Avenue
Chicago, 111.

Mention The Crisis

A Selected List of Books
These prices do not include postage. Postage extra.

House Behind the Cedars. (Charles W. Chesnutt) $1.50

Hazel. (Mary White Ovington) 1.00

The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. (Anonymous) 1.20

Lyrics of Lowly Life. (Paul Laurence Dunbar) 1.25

The Marrow of Tradition. (Charles W. Chesnutt) 1.50

The Sport of the Gods. (Paul Laurence Dunbar) 1.00

Norris Wright Cuney. (Maud Cuney Hare) 1.50

A Narrative of the Negro. (Leila Amos Pendleton; 1.50

Souls of Black Folk. (W. E. B. Du Bois; 1.25

Race Adjustment. (Kelly Miller) 2.00

History of the Negro. (B. G. Brawley) 1.25
Half a Man. (Mary White Ovington) 1.00
Mind of Primitive Man. (Franz Boas) 1.50
Aftermath of Slavery. (William Sinclair; 1.50

John Brown. (W. E. B. Du Bois) 1.25

Negro in American History. (J. W. Cromwell) 1.25
Prince Hall and His Followers. (George W. Crawford) 1.00
Liberia. (Frederick Starr) 1.00
Facts of Reconstruction. (John R. Lynch) 1.50
Story of the Negro. 2 Volumes. (Booker T. Washington) 3.00
Masterpieces of Negro Eloquence. (Alice Moore Dunbar, Editor) 2.50
Poems of Paul Laurence Dunbar 2.00
The African Abroad. 2 Volumes. (William H. Ferris) 5.00
Afro-American Folksongs. (H. E. Krehbiel) 2.00
Out of the House of Bondage. (Kelly Miller) 1.50
The Colored Inventor. (Henry E. Baker) 15
A Child's Story of Dunbar. (Julia L. Henderson) 25

Address
THE CRISIS
70 Fifth Avenue :: :: New York City

Mention Til Clllll

 —

A New Book by Dr. Du Bois

THE NEGRO
By W. E. BURGHARDT DUBOIS, author of "Souls of Black
Folk," "Quest of the Silver Fleece," "Select Bibliography of
the Negro American," etc.
-

This the authentic romance of the black man.

is v
It is a
history of him at once scholarly, earnest and eloquent. He is
isidered from the earliest times, and the thread of his fas-
cinating story is followed in Africa, America, and wherever
else it has appeared. To look at the Negro against the back-
ground of his" history is to see him in a light fairer than that
in which most Americans have seen him.

2 5 6 Pages— 3 Maps— Cloth Bound— Ready May 1

At the low price of 50 cents net — By mail 58 cettts

Dr. Di' new hook is the latest addition to a remarkable
•J K'\v-priced new books with which everybody should be-
come acquainted.
These books may be obtained from SThe CRISIS, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York

The Home University Library

Is made upof new bocks by leading authorities.
The editors are Professors GILBERT MURRAY, H. A. L. FISHER, W. T. BREWSTER
and J. ARTHUR THOMSON.
Cloth bound, good paper, clear iype, 256 pages per na
volume. Each complete and 'sold separately - - dUC*
r^j* /*\j->
Hcl
i

.rowing wonder of |nterprise and sound judgment.

volume, entirely new, js furnished by an acknowledged
Ii

expert; is brief enough .md plain enough to be readable or

even fascinating, scientific enough to be a condensed authority
— and at the nominal price of 50 cents." Hartford CouraM.

SOME SELECTED EARLIER VOLUMES:

EVOLUTION By J.' A. Thomson LATIN AMERICA By W. R. Shepherd
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION VICTORIAN LITERATURE
By Hilaire Bellcc By G. K. Chesterton
ROME By W. Warde Fowler GERMANY OF TODAY
PROBLEMS OF PHILOSOPHY By Charles Tower
By Bertrand Russell EURIPIDES AND HIS AGE
NAPOLEON By H. A. L. Fisher By Gilbert Murray
THE CIVIL WAR By F. L. Paxson UNEMPLOYMENT Cy A. C. Pigou
94 "/iiuics now ready. Send for l^i </'

34
HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY NEW YORK
 The CRISIS
Vol. 10—No.2 Whole No. 56

ONE DOLLAR A YEAR TEN CENTS A COPY

 — :

A New Book by Dr. Du Bois

THE NEGRO
By W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS, author of "Souls of Black
Folk," "Quest of the Silver Fleece," "Select Bibliography of
the Negro American," etc.
This the authentic romance of the black man.
is It is a
history of him at once scholarly, earnest and eloquent. He is
considered from the earliest times, and the thread of his fas-
cinating story is followed in Africa, America, and wherever
else it has appeared. To look at the Negro against the back-
ground of his history is to see him in a light fairer than that
in which most Americans have seen him.

256 Pages— 3 Maps— Cloth Bound

At the low price of 50 cents net — By mail 56 cents

Dr. Du Bois's new book is the latest addition to a remarkable

series of low-priced new books with which everybody should be-
come acquainted.
These books may be obtained from The CRISIS, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York

The Home University Library

Is made upof new books by leading authorities.
The editors are Professors GILBERT MURRAY, H. A. L. FISHER, W. T. BREWSTER
and J. ARTHUR THOMSON.
Cloth bound, good paper, clear type, 256 pages per C^/^^-%
f
volume. Each complete and sold separately - - OV-JO* 1161
"A growing wonder of enterprise and sound judgment.
Each volume, entirely new, is furnished by an acknowledged
expert; is brief enough and plain enough to be readable or
even fascinating, scientific enough to be a condensed authority
—and at the nominal price of 50 cents." Hartford Courant.
SOME SELECTED EARLIER VOLUMES
EVOLUTION By J. A. Thomson LATIN AMERICA By W. R. Shepherd
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION VICTORIAN LITERATURE
By Hdaire Belloc By G K . Chesterton
ROME By W. Warde Fowler GERMANY OF TODAY
PROBLEMS OF PHILOSOPHY By Charles Tower
By Bertrand Russell EURIPIDES AND HIS AGE
NAPOLEON By H. A. L. Fisher By Gilbert Murray
THE CIVIL WAR By F. L. Paxson UNEMPLOYMENT By A. C. Pigou
94 volumes now ready. Send for a list

HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY 34 w 33d STREET

NEW YORK
Mention Tmx Cutis
THE CRISIS
A RECORD OF THE DARKER RACES
PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF
COLORED PEOPLE. AT 70 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY
Conducted by
W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS
AUGUSTUS GRANVILLE DILL, Business Manager

Content* Copyrighted, 1915, by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored" People

Contents for June, 1915

PICTURES
COVER. "Summer." Photograph from Life. By C. M. Battey Page
CARTOON. "The Next Colored Delegation to the White House"
By Lorenzo Harris 96

ARTICLES
THE ZEITGEIST. A Poem. By Leslie Pinckney Hill. Illustrated
By The Art Department of Wilberforce University 82
FIGHTING RACE CALUMNY. Part II 87
BIRDS AND MANUSCRIPTS. By May Effie Lee __. 89
THE GOLDEN-HAIRED MAIDEN. A Story. By Sidney E. Dickinson 92
THF CIRCULATION OF THE CRISIS. 97

DEPARTMENTS
ALONG THE COLOR LINE 59
MEN OF THE MONTH 65
OPINIONS 69
EDITORIAL 78
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COL-
ORED PEOPLE 85
LETTERS 94

TEN CENTS A COPY; ONE DOLLAR A YEAR

FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS TWENTY-FIVE CENTS EXTRA
RENEWALS: When a subscription blank is attached to this page a renewal of your subscrip-
tion is desired. The date of the expiration of your subscription will be found on the wrapper.
CHANGE OF ADDRESS: The address of a subscriber can be changed as often as detired.
In ordering a change of address, both the old and the new address must be given. Two weeks'
notice is required.
MANUSCRIPTS and drawings relating to colored people are desired. They must be accom-
panied by return postage. If found unavailable they will be returned.
Entered as Second-class Matter in the Post Office at New York. N. Y.
 :

56 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

Atlanta University MOREHOUSE COLLEGE

(Formerly Atlanta Baptist College)
Is beautifully located in the City of Atlanta,
The courses of study include High
ATLANTA, GA.
Ga.
School, Normal School and College, with College, Academy, Divinity School
manual training and domestic science. Among An famous within recent years
institution
the teachers are graduates of Yale, Harvard, for its all sides of manly develop-
emphasis on
Dartmouth and Wellesley. Forty-five years —
ment the only institution in the far South
•f successful work have been completed. devoted solely to the education of Negro
Students come from all parts of the South. young men.
Graduates are almost universally successful. Graduates given high ranking by greatest
For further information address northern universities. Debating, Y. M. C. A,
athletics, all live features.
President EDWARD T. WARE
For information address
ATLANTA, GA.
JOHN HOPE, President

Knoxville College ST. MARY'S SCHOOL

Beautiful Situation. Healthful Location.
An Episcopal boarding and day school for
The Best Moral and Spiritual Environ- girls, under the direction of the Sisters of St.
ment A Splendid Intellectual Atmos- Mary. Address
phere. Noted for Honest and Thorough THE SISTER-IN-CHARGE
Work. 611 N. 43d St. W. Philadelphia, Pa.
Offers full courses in the following departments:
College, Normal, High School, Grammar School and
Industrial. .

Good water, steam heat, electric lights, good drain-

age. Expenses very reasonable.
AVOID BAD SCHOOLS
Opportunity for self-help.
Educate your children at home under our expert teachers

Fall Term Began September, 1914. Courses for Adults

For information address Pupils received at any time. Write to
President R. W. McGRANAHAN Educational Extension School, Box 3194 Station F, Washington, D. C.
TCNOXVTLLE. TEW. Highly Endorsed. Financially Responsible.

State Summer School WILEY UNIVERSITY

MARSHALL, TEXAS
Recognized as a college of the First Class
by Texas and Louisiana State Boards of
Sixteenth Annual Session
Education. Harvard, Yale and Columbia
will begin July 5, 1915 at
represented on its faculty ; students gath-
the Agricultural and Tech-
ered from ten different states.
nical College, (formerly
A. & M. College) and con- Strongest Music Department in the West
tinue five weeks.
M. W. DOGAN, President

Write for catalog.

FISK UNIVERSITY
Secure lodging in advance. NASHVILLE, TENN.
Founded 1866
Thorough Literary, Scientific, Educational,
Musical and Social Science Courses. Pioneer
Address
in Negro music. Special study in Negro life.
J. H. BLUFORD, Director Ideal and sanitary buildings and grounds.
STATE SUMMER SCHOOL Well-equipped Science building.
Christian home life.
GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA High standard of independent manhood and
JAS. B. DUDLEY, President womanhood. For literature, etc., write
C. W. Morrow, Acting President.

Mention The Crisis

 :

THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 57

The National Religious Training School

"I cordially commend the school's interest and needs to all who believe
in the Negro race and in our obligation to help promote its intellectual, moral
and religious uplift."
— Rev. Dr. Charles H. Parkhurst, New York City.

IT IS MORE THAN A MERE SCHOOL

IT IS A COMMUNITY OF SERVICE AND UPLIFT
Its influence is destined to be felt in all sections of the country in improved
Negro community life wherever our trained workers locate.
Settlement workers, missionaries for home and foreign mission fields, Y. M. C. A.
and Y. W. C
A. secretaries and district nurses receive a comprehensive grasp of their
studies under a Wellesley graduate and experienced co-workers and actual every-day
practice through the school's SOCIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT.
We aim also to create a better qualified ministry.
Industrial training, advanced literary branches, business school.
Thirty-two acres ten modern buildings healthful location.
; ;

We can accommodate a few more earnest, ambitious students.

Communities requiring social workers should write us.

For catalog and detailed information address

PRESIDENT JAMES E. SHEPARD
National Religious Training School Durham, N. C.
The school has no endowment fund and must raise a yearly maintenance fund
of $15,000 for running expenses. Won't you help us this year?

The Cheyney Training School for Teachers

CHEYNEY, PENNSYLVANIA

Under the management of the Society of Friends. Beautifully located,

healthful, well appointed, and within easy reach of a great variety of educa-
tional institutions, public and private, extending from West Chester to
Philadelphia; representing a wide range of educational problems and
practice.

This school offers to young colored men and women who have a reasonable
secondary school preparation, and who earnestly desire to become teachers,
carefully graded courses in academic work, domestic science, domestic art,
manual crafts and agriculture. Summer school will not be held at Cheyney
during 1915, but will open on an improved basis in 1916. Tuition is free.

Board, lodging, heat, light and laundry privileges are offered for nine
months for $100. The charge for the same during the summer-school
course is $15. Write for particulars to

LESLIE PINCKNEY HILL, Principal

Mention The Crisis

 58 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER
OF INTEREST TO VOCAL STUDENTS PUBLISHER'S CHAT
TONE-PLACING AND The July number The CRISIS of will be the an-
VOICE- DEVELOPMENT nual Education Number.
leges,
All news of Negro col-
and of colored students winning distinction
Points explained, viz.: Breath in anywhere will be welcome if received before June 5.
Singing, Trying the Voice, the
Soprano,
the Mezzo-Soprano, the
Contralto, Tenor Leggiero or High
Tenor, the Baritone, the Bass,
Parts of the Vocal Apparatus, the
E. ALDAMA JACKSON
Graduate Institute of Musical Art, Organist and Director
Mouth, the Tongue, Position when of Music St. Mark's M. E. Church
Practising, Position when Singing,
How to Practice, Good Rules for Teacher of Theory and Piano
Singing.
Comment from the conductor of the Paulist Chor- Theory course embraces elementary and advanced
isters, the celebrated choral society which received Harmony or Counterpoint.
the first prize awarded at the International Singing Private or Class Work
Contest held in Paris on May 25, 1912:
"Dear Mr. Tinsley: Studio : 30 W. 132d STREET, NEW YORK CITY
"I take great pleasure in commending your very
aseful and succinctly written book on 'Tone-Placing
rod Voice-Development.' Your own appreciation of
the psychology of singing and the fundamental prin-
ciples of the art you have cleverly reduced to a
CONCERT SOLOIST
simple system. Cordially yours, LULA ROBINSON-JONES, Soprano
"Father WILLIAM J. FINN, C. S. P., For terms write 126 West 134 Street, New York City
Director Paulist Choristers of Chicago."
From "Musical Courier," N. Y. "A very practical
:

little book is 'Tone-Placing and Voice-Development,'

Statement of the Ownership, Management, Etc.
by Pedro T. Tinsley. It contains some very excellent
material and vocal exercises, and should be in the of
hands of all vocal students."
From "Music News," Chicago, 111.: "Accordingly
THE CRISIS
his 'Practical Method of Singing' is a most concise Published monthly at 70 Fifth Avenue, New York,
and practical little manual, containing many valuable required by the act of August 24, 1912.
vocal exercises. It cannot fail to be helpful to all Editor: W. E. Burghardt DuBois, 70 Fifth Ave-
ambitious vocal students." nue, New York City.
HELPED HIM GREATLY Managing Editor: W. E. Burghardt DuBois, 70
Fifth Avenue, New York City.
"Since I practised your exercises of 'Tone-Placing Business Manager: Augustus Granville Dill, 70
and Voice-Development' my voice is more resonant Fifth Avenue, New York City.
than it has been for years. It seems to me that I Publisher: The National Association for' the Ad-
am getting a new voice." Prof. John T. Layton, vancement of Colored People, 70 Fifth Avenue, New
Director Coleridge-Taylor' Musical Society, 1722 10th York City.
St., N. W., Washington, D. C. Owners: The National Association for the Ad-
PRICE $1.00 vancement of Colored People, a corporation with no
stock.
Address the publisher: Pedro T. Tinsley, 6448 Drexel Moorfield Story, President.
Ave., Chicago, 111.; or Clayton F. Summy, 64 E. Van May Childs Nerney, Secretary.
Buren St., or Lyon & Healy, Adams and Wabash Joel E. Spingarn, Chairman Board of Directors.
Ave., Chicago, 111.
Oswald Garrison Villard, Treasurer.
Known bondholders, mortgagees and other secur-
THE NATIONAL TEACHERS' AGENCY ity holders, holding 1 per cent or more of total
amount of bonds, mortgages or other securities:
Through us school authorities, without expense or None.
delay, get into communication with the strongest and A. G. Dill, Business Manager.
most carefully investigated teachers in all lines. Sworn to and subscribed before me this 29th day
Teachers who seek positions or advancement should March, 1915.
of
register with us and avail themselves of our expert
Prompt and courteous attention to corres-
Edward J. Breden,
•ervice.
Notary Public.
pondence.
Kings County No." 101.
B. F. BOWLES, Manager. New York County No. 113.
2739 Converse Avenue East St. Louis, III. New York Register No. 6233.

School Teachers Wanted

We can place 3000 school teachers who wish to
be pleasantly and profitably employed during their
vacation time.
Write us today for full information and free cir-
cular reproductions of our specialties.
We will appoint you our representative and show
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be your own boss.
Agents wanted everywhere. Special offer for
ministers.

DOUGLAS SPECIALTIES CO.

3548 Vernon Ave. (Dept. K) Chicago, III.

(Trade Mark)

Mention The Crisis

 THE CRISIS
Vol. 10 -No. 2 JUNE,
MUSIC AND ART
Tyj ISS RACHEL WALKER, sopra-
no, of Cleveland, Ohio, who has
spent several years in musical activity in
Paris and London, was heard in a Song
Recital at Lincoln Temple, Washington,
D. C, early in March. Her numbers
included songs from Rossini, Schumann,
Rogers, Burleigh and Coleridge-Taylor.
The sympathetic accompaniments played
by Miss Mary L. Europe, added to the
pleasure of the evening. Miss Walker
has sung before and been complimented
by Her Majesty, the Queen of Spain;
H. R. H., the Duchess of Albany; The
Gaekwar of Baroda and Massenet and
Saint-Saens, the great modern French
composers.
CThe Nalle Jubilee Singers, formed "to
perpetuate in all their original simplicity
and beauty, the old plantation melodies
as sung by the Fisk singers," gave a
concert at the First Congregational
Church, Washington, D. C, on April 27.
Mr. Harry A. Williams is the Director
and Miss Mary E. Nalle of Washington,
D. C, the efficient manager.
COf the lecture- recital given before
the "Woman's Book Review Club" of
Dorchester, Mass., on April 19th, the
Boston Transcript says:
"Miss O'Hara, chairman of the music
committee, presented Mrs. Maud Cuney-
Hare. lecturer and pianist. Mrs. Hare's
lecture dealt with the history of 'Afri-
can and Afro-American Music,' in the
illustration of which she was assisted by
Mr. William H. Richardson, baritone;
her charming personality, her simple
manner of speaking, combined with her
artistic performance as a pianist both in
1915 Whole No. 56
solo work and as an accompanist, won
the admiration of her audience. Mr.
Richardson's rendering of 'Steal Away'
and 'Pauvre Petite Lolotte,' a Creole
love song, was full of pathos and sym-
pathy."
Cln a contest to represent the State of
Massachusetts in the National competi-
tion for an appearance at the meeting of
the National Federation of Music Clubs,
to be held at Los Angeles, Cal., Mr.
Roland W. Hayes, Boston, had the hon-
or of being the chosen tenor. The se-
lections were made by such judges as
Dr. Karl Muck, conductor of Boston
Symphony Orchestra Arthur Foote,
;
composer; Charles Adams White and
Wendell H. Luce.
ft "The Atonement," an 'Oratorio, by
Coleridge-Taylor, was presented on
March 31, at the Fifteenth Presbyterian
Church, Washington, D. C, for the ben-
efit of the N. A. A. C. P.
ftOf the performance of Handel's
"Messiah," by the People's Choral So-
ciety of Philadelphia, under the direc-
torship of Mr. Alfred Hill, at Music
Fund Hall, in March, the Philadelphia
(daily) Ledger says:
"For sympathetic musical understand-
ing and intrinsic vocal appeal, there are
few organizations that offer better in
this city."
CThe Elijah Chorus of Boston, Mass.,
gave Mendelssohn's "Elijah" at its first
concert in Jordan Hall on April 13. The
Boston Herald says of the concert:
"Mr. Harry T. Burleigh of New York,
baritone soloist, sang Elijah with splen-
did feeling and power."
C Among important recent publications

60 THE
of Ricordi & Co., are "Five Songs of
Laurence Hope," for solo voice with
piano accompaniment, by Harry T. Bur-
leigh. In a prefactory note, Mr. H. E.
Krehbiel, music critic of the/New York
—
Tribune, writes that "They are artists'
songs, in which singer and pianist are
paired in a lovely union and engaged in
a mission calculated to warm the feel-
ings of those who contemplate it."
ft An incident to be deplored is the ac-
cidental death by drowning, of Leon
Laviaux, the young Creole poet, who
was drowned off Martinique on April
Mr. Laviaux was the author of
7th.
—
two books "The Ebon Muse and Other
Poems," published in 1908 and Eng-
lished by John Myers O'Hara in 1914,
and "Poemes En Noir," published in
1914.
ftThe Mozart Society, the celebrated
organization of Fisk University, Nash-
ville, Tenn., recently rendered the "Eli-
jah" with Harry T. Burleigh and Ro-
land W. Hayes as soloists.
CThe classes in English of Wilberforce
University have given two "Evenings
with Sir Walter Scott," under the di-
rection of Miss Hallie Q. Brown.
ft Miss Carriebel Cole gave a physical
training exhibition in her school in
Brunswick, Ga., which was highly com-
mended.
£Mr. Harry T. Burleigh, Clarence C.
White and Mr. Melville Charlton ap-
peared in concert under the auspices of
the People's Forum of the A. M. E.
Zion Church, York, Pa.
ftLynden H. Caldwell, of Syracuse
University, gave a piano recital at
Cleveland. jyie
SOCIAL UPLIFT
A BILL to prohibit the marriage of
-^*- white and colored Americans has
been defeated in the committee in the
Illinois legislature.
ftWilliam Hale Thompson, the newly
elected Mayor of Chicago, attributes his
nomination and election to the efforts of
the colored voters. In this same election
Oscar DePriest, a colored man, and for-
merly county commissioner, was elected
to the board of aldermen. He is the
first colored man to sit in that body,
ftln Muskogee, Okla., for the first time
Negro and white ministers haY.e met m um, August 22nd, 1916; that the Na-
:
CRISIS
joint session and appointed joint com-
mittees for charity work and church
work.
C[The "Elimination of Prejudice" will
be a subject of discussion at the Bahai
congress in San Francisco.
{[A colored man has, for the first time,
received a license to operate a moving
picture machine in Savannah, Ga.
ft Social dances have been prohibited in
the Chicago public schools on account of
the segregation of white and colored
pupils.
ft At the breaking of ground for, the new
colored Y. M. C. A. building at Cincin-
nati, Ohio, Congressman S. D. Fess was
the principal speaker.
ft Lieutenant-Governor J. A. Burnquist
denounced discrimination against the
Negro before a woman's club in St.
Paul, Minn.
ftThe Secretary of War has sent the
following letter to the Ninth Cavalry
By direction of the President, I take
great pleasure in expressing to the offi-
cers and enlisted men of the 9th Cavalry
his appreciation of their splendid con-
duct and efficient service in the enforce-
ment of the United States neutrality
laws at Naco, Arizona, during Novem-
ber, December, and January, last.
ftThe Grand United Order of Odd Fel-
lows is raising a fund to help the desti-
tute families of their white English
brothers who have been killed in the
war.
ftThe new excursion steamer "Star-
light" has made its initial trip for the
season at Baltimore on the Captain
Brown.
ftThe colored retail grocers of south-
eastern Virginia have formed a trade as"
sociation.
ftThe Hon. Charles W. Anderson, for-
mer Collector of Internal Revenue in
New York City, was given a large testi-
monial dinner at Manhattan Casino.
Many prominent persons of both races
were present. ve
MEETINGS
PRESIDENT FALLOWS of the II-
* linois Emancipation Commission
objects to The Crisis' criticism of their
preparations. He says that the exposi-
tion will be held in the Chicago Colise-
 ! —

ALONG THE COLOR LINE 61

tionalMedical Association, the Elks, the CThe New Orleans property of the
IllinoisFederation of Colored Women's Southern University, a colored institu-
Clnbs and several other organizations tion, recently removed from New Or-
will meet the same time. There will be leans to Baton Rouge, has been bought
several congresses including the Nation- by the Catholic Church and will be con-
al Baptist Convention together with tab- ducted as a Negro school.
leaus and song festivals. He incidental- CThe colored teachers' association of
ly informs us that it will be "the great- Alabama held a three days' session in
est exposition of its kind in the world's Birmingham.
history." CA conference on colored school chil-
CThe Negro Business League of
State dren in New York City has been held by
Alabama has met in Birmingham. the Public Education Association.
CThe Tri-State Dental Association of CEx-President Taft presided at the
the District of Columbia, Maryland and forty-seventh anniversary of Hampton
Virginia has held its second annual ses- Institute.
sion at Buckroe Beach, Va. The asso- CMore than 500 colored teachers at-
ciation is the largest in the United States tended the annual meeting of the Mid-
among colored people. dle Tennessee Colored Teachers' Asso-
ciation.
CThe New Orleans School Board will
EDUCATION hold a summer normal school of colored
/"\ NE hundred and thirty colored doc- teachers from June 14th to July 23rd.
^^ torswere recently graduated from C Fifteen hundred colored farmers at-
Meharry Medical College, Nashville, tended the twenty-first annual closing
Tenn. exercises of Snowhill Institute, Ala.
CThe colored people have been com- CThe city school board has refused to
plaining of the conditions in the Atlanta appoint colored medical inspectors for
public schools. the colored schools of Norfolk, Va.
"Our Negro grammar schools are CThe interscholastic debate between
badly crowded. As an illustration we Bluefield, Storer and Christiansburg was
have — won by Christiansburg. The subject
In Gray street school, 455 seats for was the fortification of the Panama
708- pupils. Canal.
In Mitchell street school, 514 seats for
C Howard University College Dramatic
847 pupils. Club has presented Shakespeare's "Mer-
In Pittsburg school, 331 seats for 560 chant of Venice."
pupils.
CAtlanta University and Fisk Univer-
In Roach street school, 442 seats for
sityhave both been defeated by Howard
748 pupils.
University in debate. The subject was
In Summer Hill school, 516 seats for
"Resolved that the United States should
846 pupils.
guarantee immediately independence to
In Houston street school, 693 seats for
the Philippines."
794 pupils."
As
a reply to this the eighth grade has C Virginia Union University is planning
to celebrate her fiftieth anniversary, or
been entirely cut out of the colored pub-
rather the fiftieth anniversary of its two
lic schools
constituent schools, Wayland Seminary
CThe Governor of Arkansas has closed
the Branch Normal School, a colored in- and Richmond Institute.
stitution. The students struck because CThe Kentucky Negro Educational As-
it was charged that the white superin- sociation has held its thirty-sixth annual
tendent insulted one of the colored girls meeting in Louisville. Among the
with indecent proposals. speakers were the United States Com-
CThe Arkansas Negro Teachers' Asso- missioner of Education, President H. T.
ciation has issued a school journal Kealing, Dean L. B. Moore and Mrs.
"Arkansas School News" to be pub- Mary B. Talbert.
lished monthly. Its first appearance was CThe Louisiana State Colored Teach-
in February. ers' Association met in Baton Rouge.
 — :
62 THE
THE CHURCH
rTy HE great annual meeting of the
- Baptist Sunday School Congress
will be held at Birmingham, Ala., June
9th. Thousands of delegates are expect-
ed and special trains will be run. Mr.
Henry A. Boyd of the National Baptist
Publishing House is in general charge.
CThe African M. E. Church is feeling
the stress of war times ip its income.
During the fiscal year which ended
March 31st, 1914, it collected $221,277.
The receipts during the last year were
$208,000.
CThe colored Episcopal clergy of South
Carolina who asked for a Negro suf-
fragan bishop last year have withdrawn
their request which the white bishop had
endorsed. The reasons for this with-
drawal are not clear.
CA white church at Mesick, Wexford
County, Mich., has called the Rev. Na-
than Pritchard, a colored man, to be its
pastor. It has a membership of nearly
100 and belongs to the Free Methodist
denomination.
ECONOMICS
r T HE
y
United States Industrial Com-
* mission has been investigating the
wages of Pullman porters. They re-
ceive $27.50 a month and buy their own
uniforms. This means that they must
depend largely upon tips for support.
Robert T. Lincoln, son of Abraham Lin-
coln, explained that the company was
doing much "to uplift colored men." The
commissioners referred to the porters as
"coons" and in general the investigation
was most informing.
CThe colored Forsyth Savings and
Trust Company of Winston-Salem, N.
C, has paid in capital of $12,000 and de-
posits of $40,000. It has done a busi-
ness of three million dollars since 1907.
COf the total number of 7,317,922 Ne-
groes 10 years of age and over, enumer-
ated in 1910, 5,192.535. or 71 per cent,
were reported as gainfully employed, the
percentages for males and females be-
ing 87.4 and 54.7 respectively. The cor-
responding percentages for native whites
were 77.9 and 19.2. Of the gainfully
employed Negro males, 30.9 per cent
—
almost one-third were farm laborers,
and 25 per cent were farmers. The
;:
CRISIS
other leading occupation groups for Ne-
gro males, with the percentage of the
total represented by each, were as fol-
lows :laborers, building and hand
trades, 5.2 laborers, saw and planning
;
mills, 2.9 laborers, steam railroad, 2.7
;
porters, except in stores, 1.6; draymen,
teamsters, and expressmen, 1.6; coal
mine operatives, 1.2; laborers, porters,
and helpers in stores, 1.2; waiters, 1.1;
laborers, road and street building and
repairing, 1.1; cooks, 1.0; deliverymen,
stores, 1.0; carpenters, 1.0.
For females, the leading capacities in
which employed, with the percentage
represented by each, were as follows
farm laborers, 48.1 laundresses (not in
;
laundry), cooks, 10.2; farmers,
17.9;
3.9; dressmakers and seamstresses (not
in factory), 1.9; school-teachers, 1.1.
CThe recent census bulletin on the Ne-
gro shows five important facts
First. An
increasing tendency toward
home ownership among the Negroes.
Second. A
marked increase in the per-
centage of school attendance.
Third. A
pronounced decrease in the
percentage of illiteracy.
Fourth. A
decrease in the mortality
rate.
Fifth. An increase in the proportion
of church membership.
CThe Philadelphia Tribune says:
"Philadelphia ought to be a pleasant
place in which to live after some 45,000
people have been converted in a short
time, and those 45,000 are working for
the conversion of others.
"The Philadelphia Traction Co., awak-
ening to the fact that colored people help
to swell their daily income, decided as a
matter of business fairness, to employ a
few of them as motormen. The white
conductors and motormen say they will
'strike,' if colored men are employed.
They fulfill their threat. But some cars
are runnng, manned by colored conduct-
ors and motormen.
"The next step? A mob is formed to
prevent the cars from moving. Colored
men who attempt to take the cars out
from the barns are dragged off and beat-
en in the most brutal fashion, in spite
of the presence of the public. But who
are among the leaders of this mob, prov-
ing that the right to run one's business
in his own way may exist as 'a scrap of
 ALONG THE COLOR LINE
paper' in theory, but not in practice?
The late converts of the Rev. Mr. Sun-
day !"
PERSONAL
]V/f R. BOOKER T. WASHINGTON
*•'* an address before the
delivered
Bloomington Normal School in Illinois
to a large audience, and several ad-
dresses in New York City.
([Dr. A. P. Camphor is the only colored
man among 80 delegates appointed by
the Governor of Alabama to the Fourth
Annual Convention of the Southern So-
ciological Conference held at Houston,
Texas.
C Harris Barrett, cashier of Hampton
Institute,died recently. He was the
founder of the People's Building and
Loan Association in which Negroes in-
vested over $100,000 and bought over
490 homes.
([The flag of the Kansas State House
was put at half mast on the death of the
colored janitor, Tolliver Bird, who had
served for thirty years.
C Lawrence Johnson, of Portsmouth,
Ohio, has been appointed night turn-key
at the City Hall.
([Mrs. Ann Dickson, mother of Dr. R.
H. Boyd, of the National Baptist Pub-
lishing Board, died recently at the age
of ninety-five. She was the mother of
ten children with hosts of grand children.
([Quartermaster Sergeant Isaac Bailey
has been retired after thirty years serv-
ice in the Ninth and Tenth Cavalry.
C George W. Blackwell has been ap-
pointed assistant prosecuting attorney in
the city of Chicago.
CScipio A. Jones was appointed special
judge in the Little Rock, Ark., Munici-
pal Court in an assault case.
([The American Magazine has in its
May number an article on Mrs. Dis-
unites, the head laundress of Fisk Uni-
versity who gave a thousand dollars to-
ward the music building of that institu-
tion.
([Mr. G. F. Richings. a white man wide-
ly known among colored people as a lec-
turer on Negro progress, has recently
died.
([More than one hundred women of
Boston and vicinity recently met at Dr.
Hale's church to honor Mrs. Charlotte
63
Hawkins Brown, the founder of Palmer
Memorial Institute, Sedalia, N. C. Miss
Brown has built up a school with 350
acres of land and property valued at
$35,000.
([Alonzo R. Jones, at one time one of
the wealthiest colored men in Florida,
recently died in New Haven. He lost
much of his property in the Jacksonville
fire. In 1892 as major of militia he
martialed the colored soldiers and pre-
vented a lynching in Jacksonville.
([Hannibal Beatty, one of the best
known colored men in York County, S.
C, is dead. He had been janitor of the
courthouse since 1874.
([Alonzo J. Bowling, a colored man,
formerly a member of the Moving Pic-
ture Censor Board of Chicago, has been
reinstated by the Civil Service Commis-
sion.
([Benjamin Allen, son of Dr. J. A.
Allen, of Lexington, Ky., won first place
over five contestants in the annual ora-
torical contest at Oberlin College.
([Mrs. McKeel, a colored lady of
Brooklyn, won the first prize for whole
wheat bread in the Housewives' League
Contest in New York City. The daugh-
ter of President Wilson is one of the
Vice-Presidents of this association.
([Will Marion Cook, the well known
colored musician, is dangerously ill with
tuberculosis.
([Mrs. Mary Church Terrell is conva-
lescingfrom an operation recently un-
dergone at the sanitarium of the famous
Mayo Brothers of Michigan.
([Mrs. Annie Fisher, a colored woman
of Columbia, Mo., has made $10,000
from selling beaten biscuit at fifteen
cents a dozen. She lives in a fourteen
room brick modern residence.
C Arthur M. Murray, a Pullman porter,
was given a verdict of $14,000 from the
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania for in-
juries received on the Reading Railway.
([Roscoe C. Bruce, Assistant Superin-
tendent of schools in the District of Co-
lumbia, his secretary and two teachers
were painfully injured in an automobile
accident recently.
([Bishop Alexander Walters has been
put upon the administrative committee
of the Federal Council of the Churches
of Christ in America.

64 THE
THE GHETTO
13 EV. E. M. MITCHELL and his
*-\ trustees have been to court for al-
leged violation of the segregation ordi-
nance of Richmond, Va. This was done
in the face of the fact that they are wor-
shipping in their own church and had
changed the entrance of the church from
Leigh Street to Fifth street which is
supposed to be "colored." They were
fined $25 each.
CThe newly
appointed postmaster,
Weaver, has dismissed all the colored
letter carriers in the local post office in
Oklahoma City, Okla.
CFor the time in the history of the
first
service white and colored soldiers were
segregated at the graduating exercises
of the class in equitation held at Fort
Leavenworth, Kan.
CThe latest Baltimore segregation law
has at last reached the Court of Appeals.
CE. V. Moxley, of California, writes
us that Collier's Weekly accepts Negroes
on the installment plan of subscription
in her city and wonders why it discrim-
inates in Ohio. We do not know.
CThe Richmond, Va., Planet says:
"The number of citizens entitled to
vote, if qualified in this city, is 32,335.
Of number 10,382 are colored and
this
21,953 white. Of the total number only
9,386 had paid their poll-tax and had be-
come qualified to vote up to Saturday,
April 17, 1915. The usual vote in this
city is only about 8,000 out of a regis-
tered vote of over 32,000. As a result,
the city of Richmond is being operated
by a minority electorate and the politi-
cians are" in 'high feather' at the City
Hall."
C Albert J. Berot and three others are
sueing Albert Porte of New Orleans for
$50,000 damages because he referred to
them as of Negro blood. He claimed
that their great-great-grandmother was
colored, and they assert that this state-
ment has caused them "mental anguish,
humiliation, social ostracism and odi-
um."
f[A bill,framed as to put the chirop-
so
odists, facialmassage operators, etc., of
Ohio, entirely at the mercy of a white
association which refuses to admit col-
ored operators, has been amended so as
to be satisfactory to colored people.
: ;
CRISIS
CA Disfranchisement Bill is pending in
the Florida legislature.
CA strong Civil Rights Bill has passed
the Lower House of the Pennsylvania
legislature.
f[A white woman of Indianapolis has
been shown by the police to have lied in
saying that she was attacked by three
colored men.
COURTS
r
''HE Tennessee courts have upheld a
I
A judgment of $500 against the
Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis
Railroad and in favor of John and
Emma
Cole. The Coles sued the rail-
roads on account of the unchecked pro-
fanity and excesses of colored section
hands in the Jim Crow cars in which
they were compelled to ride.
CMiss Emma Wathrous, a white
woman, was compelled to ride in a "Jim
Crow" car in Oklahoma. She sued for
damages and was paid $1,000.
CThe test case of the colored Richmond
church which is accused of violating the
segregation ordinance has come up in
the police court.
CThe United States Supreme Court has
denied the appeal of John B. Gaskill
against the Forest Home Cemetery
Company. Gaskill was denied permis-
sion to bury members of his family in
the lot which he had purchased.
CRIME
CThe following lynchings have taken
place since our last record
Albert Wells, Macon, Ga., insult Joel
;
Green, Pinewood, S. C, robbery
Daughter of Smith Briley, Prescott,
Ark., killed by mob Tom Brooks, Som-
;
erville, Tenn., murder; Caesar Sheffield,
Valdosta, Ga., theft; Jesse Hatch, Mo-
bile, Ala., assault Booker Mosby,
;
Chickasaw Co., Miss., no reason given.
CJim Lee, a Negro convict with a ten
days' sentence was whipped to death by
an overseer in Montgomery, Ala. A
strap four inches wide and studded with
tacks was used.
CAt Lafayette, La., a mob tried to
lynch the wife and daughter of an ac-
cused colored murderer. They were
spirited away.
 MEN a MONTH
r.'-.iuir x .tin u'l.i jrriWJM'Hffi"M(f otp

A FIRE COMPANY the Standard Life Insurance Company

/CHEMICAL Engine Company No. on a legal reserve basis, with a paid-in
^ of Pittsburgh, Pa., Fire Depart-
1,
capital of $100,000, and with a working
surplus in cash, is probably the biggest
ment, was organized June 11th, 1897,
with five colored men and one white business idea that any Negro has at-
captain. A colored captain, L. O. Phil- tempted to follow, during this genera-
lips, was appointed in 1906 and is still at tion. The remarkable fact is, that his
the head of the company. idea has proven successful. Single-hand-
The company has a line record and ed and almost alone he sold the entire
has made many thrilling rescu.es. issue of 1000 shares of stock in the com-

m pany at a price averaging $150.00 per

share, and succeeded in establishing the
AN INSURANCE PROMOTER first old line legal reserve life insurance
LJ EMAN E. PERRY is a type of the company ever established by colored
** new Negro business man who is people. His work was marked by dis-
trying to obtain the results in business couragement and hardship. After work-
which have been obtained by white busi- ing for two years on his proposition, he
ness men by following out the method was obliged, under an existing statute of
which they followed. His conception of the State of Georgia, to refund to the

CHEMICAL ENGINE COMPANY, NO 1, PITTSBURG, PA.

66 THE CRISIS

in the public schools and at Howard

University where he was graduated in
1884. He was married that same year
and is survived by a widow and two
daughters.
While studying law Mr. Bundy worked
in the city post office. In 1890 he be-
came secretary and treasurer of the law
department and held this position until
his death. During this time he served
for six years as member of the Board of
Education. Much of the success of
Howard University Law School is due
to Mr. Bundy's devotion and his
methodical habits.

A SOCIAL WORKER
1VJ- ISS ISABEL EATON, for the last
*"' head worker at the
four years
Robert Gould Shaw House, Boston, re-
signed some months ago and under her
physician's orders is taking a year's much
needed rest.
Miss Eaton is a white woman born
near Portland, Maine and comes from
MR. H. E. PERRY an old New England family related to
the family of Daniel Webster. Her
subscribers to the stock every dollar they
had paid in with four per cent, interest,
amounting to nearly $80,000, because he
had failed to raise the required $100,-
000.00 within the time limit of two
years. He immediately undertook the
proposition again, and later succeeded in
establishing the company.
The Standard Life Insurance Com-
pany is now two years old and has in
force insurance amounting to nearly a
million and a half dollars, with gross
assets of $136,127. It had cash income
during 1914 of $69,000, and paid to its
policyholders over $8,000 in death
claims.
Mr. Perry was born in Texas about
40 years ago. Before attempting to or-
ganize the Standard Life, of which he is
President, he wrote insurance for a
number of white companies both in
Texas and in Georgia.
H
A POPULAR SECRETARY
| AMES F. BUNDY who died recently
** in Washington, D. C, was born in
Rappahannock County, Virginia, Sep-
tember 23rd, 1863. He came to Washing-
ton when five years of age, was educated THE LATE J. F. BUNDY
 MEN OF THE MONTH 67

MISS ISABEL EATON THE LATE F. J. MOULTRIE

father was associated with General O.
O. Howard and on Howard Uni-
lived
versity Hill in Washington, D. C.
Miss Eaton was graduated from
Smith College in 1888 and became
Master of Arts at Columbia University
in 1898. She worked at Hull House,
Chicago and on the East side in New
York and was associated with Dr. W.
E. B. DuBois in the compiling and writ-
ing of the "Philadelphia Negro." In
1903 she became executive secretary of
the Society for Ethical Culture in New
York City and held this position for
seven years. She was associated in the
forming of the National Association for
the Advancement of Colored People and
in the fall of 1910 went to Robert Gould
Shaw House.
The work here was pioneer work and
Miss Eaton hopes with the restoration
of her health to be able to give many
years to the work of social uplift and
education among Negro Americans.
A CATERER
"PRANCIS J. MOULTRIE who died
Yonkers, New York, in March,
at
was born in Charleston, S. C, August
22nd, 1842. He came to Yonkers in
1869, arriving with fifty cents in his
pocket. He worked for several years as
butler and porter and finally in 1878
opened a restaurant and catering busi-
ness. For almost thirty-seven years he
has numbered among his patrons the
most representative families of Yonkers
and vicinity.
He took active interest in the city life

especially because of the un-

difficult and served for a number of years on the
righteous attitude of all other Boston Republican Central Committee. He was
settlements toward colored people. Here one of the founders of the local A. M.
Miss Eaton worked for four years seek- E. Zion church and organized a Men's
ing to solve the problem of adjustment Sunday Club, the Colored Co-operative
and administration and doing much to- Company and other organizations for
ward bringing this settlement to its pre- uplift.
sent successful condition. The Yonkers Daily News says that
 THE CRISIS

THE LATE SERGT. F. A. ROBINSON MR. W. H. KING

Mr. Moultrie was "perhaps better as do so many other young men, as offer-
known to more people than any other ing the quickest and most certain sup-
man in the city." port for his family. When the Stand-
m ard Life Insurance Company was in
process of organization, Mr. King be-
A POLICE SERGEANT came interested in life insurance from
Y\f HEN the late Sergeant of Police, frequent talks with Mr. Heman E. Per-
*™ Frederick Arthur Robinson, was ry, who was making efforts to get the
buried at Cambridge, Mass., his funeral company on foot. Walking into Presi-
was attended by the Mayor of the City, dent Perry's office one day in April,
Police Commissioner, the heads of the 1914, he announced his intention to re-
police department, a state senator and sign from the Post Office and give his
many other distinguished persons. whole time to writing insurance. It was
Mr. Robinson was born in Nova so unusual a statement that the officers
Scotia and came to Cambridge when a were surprised. A short talk was suffi-
young man. He was appointed to the cient to convince them that he was in
police force by Mayor Fox and pro- earnest and that he knew the responsi-
moted to sergeant in 1894. After thirty bility that he was assuming in giving up
years service on the force he was retired an assured salary of $1,200 a year to
last October because of poor health. work on commission in a new field of
endeavor hitherto untried by the race.
He has justified his faith in himself and
AN INSURANCE AGENT demonstrated his worth to the company.
TiTR. W. PI. KING was for eleven In eight and a half months he wrote
years one of the best carriers in nearly two hundred thousand dollars
the Atlanta, Georgia, Post Office. worth of insurance, leading the entire
With a natural aptitude for business, he agency force and earned a sum double
had gone into the Government service, his previous salary in the Post Office.
 :
Op*Ai®r\&
" THE BIRTH OF A NATION "
some strong undoubtedly true that
It is
words the agitation carried on by
our organization and by
other organizations and individuals have
helped to advertise Dixon's wretched
film play. At the same time it is also
true that to an unusual extent the
friends of the Negro race and of fair
play in general have been rallied to the
side of justice, and this is no easy thing
to accomplish. Even the New York
Outlook which loses few opportunities to
get on the inhuman side of most prob-
lems says
"The difficulty which Mr. Dixon as a
purveyor of history is that he is not a
historian. A
historian not only presents
true incidents from the past, but, if he
is fair-minded and impartial, takes care
that the incidents are representative and
typical. Many of the most effective and
most misleading scenes in 'The Birth of
a Nation' doubtless occurred some time,
somewhere, in the South. Chosen as the
whole picture of the Reconstruction pe-
riod, however, they are unfair and vi-
cious. Mr. Dixon has 'a single-track
mind,' and the track leads only through
a very unpleasant country. He is a
partisan, and a dangerous one. He can
see questions only in broad splotches of
black and white. He knows but one
side of Southern life, the sex problem
of 'Aryan and African.'
"As Mr. Dixon rightly believes and
dramatically shows, the American Na-
tion was born from the travail of civil
war and the injustice of the Reconstruc-
tion period, and therefore, his photo
drama threatens no reopening of the
wounds of the white North and the
white South. The evil in 'The Birth of
a Nation' lies in the fact that the play
is both a denial of the power of de-
velopment within the free Negro and an
exaltation of race war."
The film has been defended on the
ground that while it may portray un-
pleasant things it is historically true.
That even this defense is unwarranted
has been shown in a number of cases.
The Hon. Albert E. Pillsbury, of Bos-
ton, says in the Boston Herald:
"The play, like the book, 'The Clans-
man,' on which it is founded, is a gross
perversion of a period of our history
about which the people have been per-
sistently lied to for a generation. Even
the most eminent historians suppress the
truth about it, in the interest, I suppose,
of national harmony. I mean the recon-
struction period the leading purpose of
;
the book, and presumably of the play,
being to instill the belief that the recon-
struction acts of Congress were not only
foolish but wicked, as inspired by malice
or revenge or a determination to perpet-
uate the power of the Republican party
by humiliating the white people of the
South.
"There is not, and never was, a shad-
ow of truth in this pretence. On the
contrary, the southern whites brought
upon themselves the misfortunes of the
reconstruction era as unmistakably as
they brought upon themselves the calam-
ities of the war on which reconstruction
followed. No sooner were they rein-
vested with political power than they
made their first use of it to nullify
emancipation and restore the Negro to
virtual slavery. The proofs of this are
in the statute books of the southern
states, they are familiar to all who have
even tried to learn the truth, and they
are innumerable. This it was, and this
alone, that compelled Congress, in order
to secure to the Negro even his personal
with President John-
liberty, to interfere
son's reconstructed state governments ;
and all the grievances of reconstruction
followed upon this single circumstance,
for which the white South was as di-
rectly responsible as it was for the re-
bellion."
The New York Evening Globe con-
tinues :
"To present the members of the race
as women chasers and foul fiends is a
 : :
70 THE
cruel distortion of history. Bad things
occurred, but what man will say that the
outrages of black on white equalled in
number the outrages of white on black?
Which race even to the present day has
the better right to complain of the un-
fairness and brutality of the other?
"The very name of 'The Birth of a
Nation' is an insult to Washington, who
believed that a nation, not merely a con-
geries of independent states, was born
during the common struggles of the Re-
volutionary War, and devoted himself to
cementing the union. It is an insult to
Lincoln and the great motives inspiring
him when he was called on to resist the
attempt to denationalize a nation. This
nation of ours was not born between
1861 and 1865, and no one will profit
from trying to pervert history.
"White men in this country have
never been just to black men."
Ex-Congressman Samuel W. McCall
says in the Boston Advertiser:
"As to the Ku-Klux-Klan, if one is
ignorant of its criminal character and of
its murders, burnings and other detest-
able crimes, let him read the reports of
the trials in the U. S. Circuit Court at
Columbia, at the November term of
1871. It is a gross offense against the
idea of government by law that the
order responsible for them should be
glorified or represented to-day in any
part of the country in any favorable
light."
Albert Bushnell Hart, of Harvard
University, perhaps the foremost living
teacher of history declares in the Bos-
ton Journal:
"A prime objection to the whole thing
is its caricature of the Union army and
Union soldiers and particularly its ab-
; raid organized against a man because he
solutely unfounded series of pictures in-
tended to leave upon the mind the con-
viction that in Reconstruction times
Negro soldiers freely plundered and
abused the white people of the South,
and were encouraged so to do by their
white officers.
"No such thing ever occurred in the
whole history of Reconstruction."
The Boston Traveler quotes from the
records of the official investigation of
the Ku-Klux-Klan and says
"Every witness of 'The Birth of a
Nation,' no matter how well he may
CRISIS
know the historical falsity of its action,
throbs with sympathy for the men who
defied an armed and enraged Negro
militia, for the protection of the women
of the Southland. Yet the hired attor-
neys defending the men of the Ku-Klux-
Klan in court in 1871 pleaded, 'In mak-
ing these remarks, it is simply to express
the desire that a wise and merciful dis-
crimination should be made in fayor of
those who have been led, seduced or
forced into an organization guilty' of
such inhuman atrocities.'
"In another case the Hon. Reverdy
Johnson, attorney for the Klansmen,
said: T have listened with unmixed hor-
ror to some of the testimony which has
been brought before you. The outrages
proved are shocking to humanity they ;
admit of neither excuse nor justification
they violate every obligation which law
and nature impose on men they show
;
5
that the parties engaged were brutes.
"The purpose of the -organization is
revealed in the testimony of members of
the Ku Klux Klan. One Klansman told
the court, 'It was for the purpose of
putting down radical rule and Negro
suffrage.' Another swore that 'They
were going to carry this into effect by
killing off the white radicals and whip-
ping and intimidating the Negroes, so
as to keep them from voting for any
man who held radical office.'
"A member Wesley Smith's Klan
of
testified that thehead of the organiza-
tion had said, T can kill and whip more
damned niggers with my Klan than all
the rest of York county.' Another said
the chief activity of his Klan was 'whip-
ping those men who belonged to the
Union League.' This witness told of a
'taught a nigger school and voted the
radical ticket.'
"Not in all the 832 pages of testimony
and argument in these York county cases
is any crime against a white woman
mentioned. Quite in passing, and as
though it were the commonest thing in
the world, witnesses speak of the mur-
der or mistreatment of Negro women
and girls by members of the Klan. These
crimes, the records indicate, were not
prompted by the low desires that are
mirrored on the animal face of the Ne-
gro 'Gus' in 'The Birth of a Nation.'

They were committed as a punishment
on husbands and fathers who had voted
the wrong ticket.
"This is the sworn testimony of a col-
ored woman who had refused to tell a
party of raiding Klansmen where her
husband could be found 'Well they
: from the end of a rope under the Nash-
were spitting in my face and throwing
dirt in my eyes, and when they made me
blind they bursted open my cupboard; I
had five pies in my cupboard, and they
ate all my pies up, and then took two
pieces of meat then they made me blow
;
up the light again, cursing me and
after a while they took me out of doors
and told me all they wanted was my old
man to join the Democratic ticket if
he joined the Democratic ticket they
would have no more to do with him and
after they had got me out of doors, they
dragged me into the big road and they
ravished me
out there."
To testimony as to facts we may
this
add strong opinions of distinguished
men. The Rev. Dr. Crothers says, "it is
not a work of art for art's sake to be so
enjoyed it is not history as an impartial
;
historian understands history it is a de-;
liberate and skillful bit of treachery."
Jacques Loeb calls the play an "insult"
and a "glorification of homicidal mania."
Joseph Lee writes in the Survey:
"Is lynching Negroes immoral? That
seems to be the question raised by the
approval of the Ku-Klux and anti-Ne-
gro features of the Birth of a Nation
film. Appealing to the strongest race
prejudice in the most vivid possible way
at the precise point where it has led to
wholesale murder in the South is, of
course, an incitement to continued mur-
der. One only possible point of doubt
whether murder wrong. Or no
is is
that is not the only point. Safe, cold-
blooded incitement to murder is a mean-
er and more cowardly offense."
LYNCHING
southern Every once in a while the
protests South speaks out against
shame of lynch murder.
Bishop Gailor, of Tennessee, writes to a
Memphis paper:
"One of our Memphis evening papers
had the following account yesterday of
the lynching of a Negro man, who was
— : : —;
OPINIONS 71
being taken for trial from Memphis to
Somerville
"'Hundreds of kodaks clicked all morn-
ing at the scene of the lynching. People
in automobiles and carriages came from
miles around to view the corpse dangling
ville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Railway
bridge. Picture card photographers in-
stalled a portable printing plant at the
bridge and reaped a harvest in selling
postcards showing a photograph of the
lynched Negro.
; 'Women and children were there by
'
the score. At a number of country schools
the day's routine was delayed until boy
;
and girl pupils could get back from view-
ing the lynched man.
; " 'Brooks was hanged from the tressle-
work of the railroad bridge. His body
dangled over the public highway, and
was suspended low enough for travelers
along the road to-day to reach up and
spin the corpse around.'
"What do the Christian people of
Shelby and Fayette counties think of this
for an advertisement of our civilization?
Where is the respect for law, the refine-
ment of feeling, the decent humanity,
which differentiates us from brutes and
savages? According to the newspaper
report two white men, disregarding the
forms and processes of law, undertook
to inflict punishment upon a Negro man
—taking the law into their own hands,
and when the Negro defended himself,
without appeal to law and the white men
suffered for their daring, the Negro is
put to death without the form of law
and, according to the report, 'women and
children by the score' crowded to look at
the 'dangling corpse' —
dangling 'so low,
that travelers could reach up and spin
it around !' What age is this in which
we are living ? Is it possible that 200,000
respectable, law-abiding, kind-hearted
—
not to say Christian men and women in
this end of the state are going to sit
still and let their institutions of govern-
ment (which are the safeguards of their
liberty) be wantomly insulted and out-
raged, and their own good name dishon-
ored over the country without making
any protest? God forbid."
The Columbia State in an editorial
writes
"In a Southwest Georgia county the

72 THE
other day a Negro was taken from jail
and lynched. He had robbed a smoke-
house, riggj
"Each of these lynchers is not less de-
serving of death than is Leo Frank, the
convicted Atlanta murderer.
"The Supreme Court of the United
States has decided that Frank was .not
the victim of unjust treatment by the
Georgia courts. The highest court in
the land now stands between the Georgia
courts and the efforts of a number of
newspapers to mob them, so to say, with
abuse. t \
"The Supreme Court of the United
States has declined to permit the group
of New York newspapers to usurp the
province of the Atlanta jury. The vin-
dication of Georgia justice is in this case,
complete.
"But if the commonwealth of Georgia
is incapable of punishing a gang of men
who take from jail a defenseless prisoner
who stole a side of bacon or a ham and
murdered him, what, after all, is Georgia
justice worth?"
And yet these things as Hashimura
Togo's friend says in Life are not at-
rocities : .
"An atrocity are something committed
in Belgium.
"
T must learn new dictionaries !'
This
from me with iron eyebrows.
" 'Sippose again. When troop of
Death Head Dragoonies drag Belgium
family, including lady-peasant and child,
from bed and hang some to telegraph
because of racial peev, that are called
Atrocity, are not?'
" 'Undoubtlessly it are,' Nogi say it.
" 'But when company of Midnight
Riders go marching through Georgia
and elevate niggero family by similar
rope, what you call it then ?'
" 'That are christened Social Unrest?'
Nogi define, 'or perhapsly it are not
mentioned at all because newspapers is
clogged by too much excitement from
"
Russian attack on Lake Bjwrrkll.'
NEGRO COLLEGES
A de- George Johnson, Dean of Lin-
fense coin University, takes up in the
New York Nation cudgels of
defense of the Negro colleges. He
quotes the General Education Board as
:
CRISIS
protesting against the traditional Negro
curriculum and advocating curricula
adapted to the "needs, environment and
capacity" of the Negro student. Mr.
Johnson then says
"The initial statement of the General
Education Board calls for no comment
because, in the first place, the 'traditional
college curriculum' is obsolete ; in the
second .place, to say that 'the mere at-
tempt to deliver it does not constitute a
higher education' is so obvious that it
hardly requires affirmation and, in the
;
third place, no Negro college in the
country is even attempting it. Excep-
tion, however, may be taken to the sec-
ond statement because, if it meang what
it seems to mean, it is a virtual recom-
mendation that the usual college curri-
culum should be modified to meet the
current estimate of the needs, environ-
ment, and capacity of the Negro.
"For obvious reasons the great major-
ity of the Negroes who desire a higher
education must be prepared in Negro
high schools and educated to graduation
in Negro colleges and professional
schools. The definition of standards has
'
made great progress in the United States
during recent years owing to the work
of such bodies as the Carnegie Founda-
tion for the Advancemnt of Teaching,
the American Medical Association, the
Association of American Universities, etc.
Reasonably accurate definitions of what
constitutes a standard high school, col-
lege, university, and professional school
have been arrived at and, furthermore,
;
these standards have been legalized in
most of the States. Hence, unless a
man has pursued such a standard course
he cannot practice either as physician,
dentist, or lawyer, and in education he
will be denied certificates except for the
most elementary work. Double stand-
ards of professional efficiency axe im-
possible in a country like ours, and thus,
if the recommendation of the General
Education Board is adopted, it means
the closing of the door of opportui ity to
all but the favored few among Negro
youth.
"This also puts the Negro college in
a critical position. It it deviates from
the standard college in subiects taught
and time given and preparation required,
it is ipso facto excluded from the bene-
 :
fits of the Carnegie Foundation for the
Advancement of Teaching; the General
Education Board and .the other benevo-
lent foundations can only help it by
breaking their own rules the education-
; the same industrial condition, can ac-
al departments of the various States
must at once withhold from it and its
degrees all legal recognition.
"Surely, in view of past and present
services, the institutions that are
tempting the difficult task of maintain-
ing adequate higher and professional
education for Negro youth deserve bet-
ter treatment. The
5^000 Negro college
men and women are doing more than
their proportionate share in social woik.
Indeed, how great would be the loss if
the college man should cease to find a
place in the present faculties of the in-
dustrial schools? When the Atlanta
Constitution a few months ago lamented
that so much money was being used in
teaching the Negro 'useless things' and
so little in preparing him vocationally,
that was a mistake in fact easily cor-
rected by consulting the last report of
the United States Commissioner of Edu-
cation. When President W. H. P.
Faunce says in his book 'The Social As-
pects of Foreign Missions' that 'the Ne-
gro race in America was, for the first
decades after the Civil War, largely mis-
led by its ambition to get free from man-
ual labor and acquire Latin, Greek and
mathematics,' he is merely repeating a
myth which has been disproved many
times. These are excusable mistakes.
That one of the great benevolent agencies
of the country should depreciate the
work of the Negro colleges and advocate
a course which would virtually eliminate
them as recognizable factors from our
educational system is not so easily ex-
plained. I regret that the Nation should
see fit to agree heartily with such a pro-
posal." [UE
SEGREGATION
poe and The second and most danger-
others ous member of the Dixon anti-
Negro firm is Clarence Poe of
North Carolina. Poe has recently been
speaking at the University of Virginia
and boasting of the spread of his rural
segregation idea. The Columbia State
replies
"Sometimes an ignorant Negro is
OPINIONS 73
ergetic and thrifty. Sometimes in spite
of handicaps he ceases to be ignorant.
The Negro of that description, living at
half the cost of his white neighbor of
quire land in, say half the time that the
white man can. So long as land is low-
priced (and there are and will be for
years vast areas of such land), the ex-
at- ceptional Negro will emerge from the
tenant into the land-owning class and it
must be recognized that the exception-
ally thrifty and industrious Negro will
outstrip the thriftless and indolent white
man.
"But does Mr. Poe imagine that leg-
islatures can repeal economic laws ? Why
palter with questions of this nature?
Soon or late, the man, white, black or
yellow, who establishes himself indus-
trially will have to be reckoned with."
The Elizabeth City, N. C. Independ-
ent (white) replies:
"Dr. Poe thinks that to effectively
block this increase of Negro landowners
we should have laws restricting the sale
of property in the white neighborhoods
to white people only. While we have
got the nigger even half-way down, for
God's sake let's keep him down Give
!
the black half a chance and he will own
his land where the white man will con-
tinue to rent. Wecan't keep the Negro
from saving his money and getting a
foothold on the land, so lets stop selling
him good land. So argues Dr. Poe and
I for one have no sympathy with his
propaganda, though all the Farmers'
Unions in 48 states are backing him.
"If the Negro's standard of living is
low, so much lower than that of the
white man, then who made it low?
"If the standard of living of the white
tenant class in the South is higher than
it should be, then who made it so high?
"When the foregoing questions have
been answered we can discuss Dr. Poe's
segregation scheme somewhat intelli-
gentlv. Without an answer to these
questions we can not discuss the scheme
intelligently or begin to deal honorably
with it. The answer to both questions is
found in the land-owning aristocracy of
the South. This land-owning aristoc-
racy has forced the lowest possible
standard of living upon the Negro and
en- attempted to keep him in subjection by

74 THE
starvation wages. On the other hand it
has ever encouraged the white tenant
class in the South to live beyond its
means that it might hold this white ten-
ant class in subjection by keeping it over-
loaded with debts. This land-owning
class is as much the enemy of the poor
white as it is the enemy of the black.
But in endeavoring to keep the black
down by low wages, it thoughtlessly kept
him down to a low standard of living by
teaching him to subsist upon the scraps
from the white man's table. The Negro
has lived upon scraps and saved his
money while the white tenant has gone
to his landlord's store and run himself
into debt and bad health by paying exor-
bitant prices for adulterated food-stuffs.
"Again, in the cities the white pro-
pertied class has in its zeal to line its
own pockets with dirty cash, thought-
lessly given the Negro a lift, in its
methods of exploiting the poor white
tenant class. The cotton mill owners
send their agents into the farming coun-
tries everywhere to lure the poor white
tenant farmer and his brood of children
into town. The result is a continual de-
population of rural communities. Every
white tenant farmer who has a number
of bright and active children old enough
to stand at a machine, is the prey of the
cotton mill owners. And here we have
the poor white sending his children into
the mills to become physical, mental and
moral perverts, while the Negro who has
been taught to subsist upon a crust con-
tents himself with his crust and sends
his children to school.
"The trouble with the Southland is not
that the Negro is making too much pro-
gress, but is that the poor whites are
making too little progress. The trouble
is not that the Negro is rising in wealth
and power, but that the poor whites are
kept backward in culture and oppressed
on every hand by the wealthy classes ex-
ploiting them. Refusing to sell a hard
working Negro your land is not going to
help the situation a bit. No country can
succeed by keeping any part of its popu-
lation down. Permanent success built
upon a foundation of righteousness can
only come through a patient and intelli-
gent exercise of that virtue as yet so
little understood— TUSTICE!"
It is astonishing to find a bourbon
:
CRISIS
sheet like the Charleston News and
Courier recognizing some evident facts
as to segregation. It says
,
"It is all very well in Charleston to
urge the colored people to get rid of all
the trash and dirt about their premises.
Last year they joined splendidly in the
cleaning up campaign. But the Negro
does not make his surroundings. They
are fixed for him in the majority of
cases ;and they will continue to be
•
squalid and unsanitary just as long as
the white people allow them to remain
so. Here and there a colored man may
succeed in buying his own place; but
these are and must remain the exceptions
as matters now stand. The wages of the
colored people are fixed on the basis of
what the average colored man or woman
can afford to work for and these wages
;
are not such as to permit the average
Negro to get very much ahead, unless he
were possessed of far more thrift than
he has displayed or is generally believed
to possess. If the shacks in Charleston
were made unremunerative and in conse-
quence disappeared the rentals of prop-
erty occupied by Negroes would neces-
sarily rise. This would mean that the
cook and the washerwoman would have
to be given more pay in order to make
ends meet. But at the same time the
servants would live under far better sur-
roundings, they would be less exposed to
disease, less likely to contract disease
themselves and to convey it to those for
whom they work. They would be
healthier, more energetic and alert."
Mirabile dictu! And this from the
News and Courier!
In Chicago we have an extraordinary
case concerning which most of the
American papers were silent or apolo-
getical but the German Freie Presse
says (the translation is ours) "Here in
Chicago a Negro is employed as post
office clerk, a proof that he is intelligent,
moral and honorable. Also a colored
woman is employed as teacher, a proof
that she is educated and of good charac-
ter and is filling the most important call-
ing in the gift of a nation. Both of
these people are consequently useful
members of society, more useful than
many thousands who are born to the
world without a dark skin. The colored
official and the colored teacher got mar-

ried and lived happily and contentedly.
Moreover, having saved a sum of money
they invested it in a small home. On
Saturday they attempted to move in but
they had left out of account their cul-
tured, more moral and educated white
neighbors. These had taken it into their
heads not to allow any colored people to
live in their neighborhood even if the
colored folk were educated, blameless
people and holding decent places in
society. Thecolored people were, there-
fore, refused entrance into their own
house and the whites called in the police
to keep them out. * * * We
confess
that most Americans including Mr. Wil-
son and Mr. Bryan who are regarding
the Germans as barbarians on account of
their violation of Belgium's neutrality
will have nothing to say against this
brutal piece of injustice and indeed will
regard it as something to be taken for
granted." nsa
THE DISCOVERY OF THE NEGRO
some Now and then the South
southern discovers Negroes who are
testimony not criminals. The Jackson
(Tenn.), Sun "happy in
is
the belief that the Negroes of Jackson
are the peers of any in the South in in-
telligence, honesty and civic pride that,
as a whole, they are public spirited, in-
dustrious, honest and deserving; that,
with few exceptions, they entertain high
ideals of citizenship and morals and that
most of them will do as much, their
ability and opportunity considered, for
the welfare of Jackson as the average
white citizen."
What the Columbia (S. C.) Record
"Has been pleased to observe the
fact that the Negroes have been taking
so much interest in civic beterment. The
doctors and preachers in Columbia are
putting forth every effort to get the
Negroes to keep their homes in
sanitary condition."
The Tampa (Fla.), Times:
"The Times publishes today a most in-
teresting bulletin of the United States
census bureau, which details the remark-
able and pleasing progress made during
the past ten years by the Negroes of this
country, which progress is undoubtedly
appreciated to an even greater degree by
southern people than by those of other
!
OPINIONS 75
sections. The people of the south have
always had the interests of the descend-
ants of their old slaves at heart, and have
been showing this interest with increas-
ing emphasis since that section began re-
covering from the ravages of the Civil
war and became financially able to dis-
play greater activity in educational
work."
The New Orleans Daily States speaks
of the welcome which Mr. Booker T.
Washington received in Louisiana and
says:
"It was hardly to be expected that
any other response would be forthcom-
ing. Nowhere in the South is there less
racial prejudice than in Louisiana. No-
where is therebetter spirit between
whites and blacks. Nowhere is there
heartier sympathy with the colored pop-
ulation in its effort to better its material
condition."
This we confess would sound a bit
more it was not for the
like the truth if
editorial in the same paper concerning
the utter failure of the investigation in
the brutal lynching and burning a few
months ago.
"The failure of the Caddo grand jury
to return any indictments in connection
with the recent lynchings near Shreve-
; port, will be generally disappointing. It
seems a miscarriage of justice when in
the course of a few days five persons
can be put to death unnecessarily in
broad day light and an inquisition fail to
hold anyone responsible for so great an
outrage."
"Unnecessarily" is exquisite
is
THE GREAT WAR
two "It is assumed that the dark
articles skinned people, who are now
classed along with the Slavs
as inferior peoples, will infallibly imitate
good, the example of the superior races that ;
they will plot and plan and secretly con-
trive means for overcoming those who
stand above them, meanwhile interpret-
ing every action of their rivals in the
worst possible light and unconsciously
employing every possible means to in-
cite fear and hate, so that at last, when
their hour finally strikes, the lesser peo-
ples will be ready and willing to rise up
and throw off the protection which the
76 THE
stronger races have imposed upon them.
In that case the fear and hate which they
have cherished secretly in their hearts
will give them courage to be as ruthless
in their rebellion as the superior races
are likely to be in suppressing it. And
they will do this in order to convince
themselves and the rest of the world that
they are really not inferiors, but the
equals, if not the superiors, of the white
races.
"Such seems to be the programme
which it is generally presumed that those
who are now regarded as inferior races
— though of course they do not regard
—
themselves so will pursue with regard
to the superior races, the races in control.
This is, I have no doubt, an attractive
programme to some persons, particularly
agitators, and as there seems to be even
more agitators among white people than
among colored, I have no doubt there
are many white people to whom this
seems a perfectly proper and natural
method of procedure. For one thing,
the very general belief that it is the na-
tural course to take under the conditions
in which the white and the dark races
now live, is the excuse for the harsh
measures that it seems necessary to use
now and then to keep the lesser peoples
in their lesser places.
"There is, however, for races and
nations, as well as for individuals, more
than one way to be superior. One race
may, for example, be superior to the
other by the simple process of getting on
top and holding the other down. It may,
however, become superior by learning to
do some one thing better than any one
else in the world. And this may be a
very simple thing it may be raising cot-
; work and a voice in the conduct of in-
ton or it may be writing a book.
"There is only room for one race, one
group, and finally one individual to be
superior, if superiority consists in hold-
ing a place on top with every one else
somewhere between that place and the
bottom. On the other hand, there is op-
portunity for almost every one to be su-
perior if superiority consists in perform-
ing some kind of useful service in an
exceptional manner. Almost every race
and almost every individual possesses
some gifts that make it or him excep-
tional. There is almost certain to be
some directions in which an individual
CRISIS
or a race may be of greater service than
in others. To seek and find that place is
tobe successful. To fill that place in an
exceptional way is to be superior.
"Superiority in the future will depend
more upon excellence in some service
for the common good and less upon suc-
cess on the field of battle. I look for-
ward to a time when no individual and
no race will be considered superior to
another merely because, being on top, he
or it is able to hold that other race or
the other individual down." —
B. T.
Washington in the North American
Review.
Dr. W. E. B. DuBois writing in the
Atlantic Monthly on "The African
Roots of War" says:
"The present world war is, then, the
result of jealousies engendered t>y the
recent rise of armed national associa-
tions of labor and capital whose aim is
the exploitation of the wealth of the
world mainly outside the European circle
of nations. These associations, grown
jealous and suspicious at the division of
the spoils of trade-empire, are fighting
to enlarge their respective shares they
;
look for expansion, not in Europe but in
Asia, and particularly in Africa. 'We
want no inch of French territory,' said
Germany to England, but Germany was
'unable to give' similar assurances as to
France in Africa.
"The difficulties of this imperial move-
ment are internal as well as external.
Successful aggression in economic ex-
pansion calls for a close union between
capital and labor at home. Now the
rising demands of the white laborer, not
simply for wages but for conditions of
dustry, make industrial peace difficult.
The workingmen have been appeased by
all sorts of essays in state socialism, on
the one hand, and on the other hand by
public threats of competition by colored
labor. By threatening to send English
capital to China and Mexico, by threat-
ening to hire Negro laborers in America,
as well as by old-age pensions and acci-
dent insurance, we gain industrial peace
at home at the mightier cost of war
abroad.
"In addition to those national war-
engendering jealousies there is a more
subtle movement arising from the at-

tempt to unite labor and capital in world-
wide freebooting. Democracy in eco-
nomic organization, while an acknow-
ledged ideal, is today working itself out
by admitting to a share in the spoils of
capital only the aristocracy of labor
more and shrewder and can-
intelligent
nier workingmen. The ignorant, un-
skilled, and restless still form a large,
'
threatening, and, to a growing extent,
revolutionary group in advanced coun-
tries.
"The resultant jealousies and' bitter
hatreds tend continually to fester along
the color line. We
must fight the Chi-
nese, the laborer argues, or the Chinese
will take our bread and butter.
must keep Negroes in their places, or
Negroes will take our jobs. All over
the world there leaps to articulate speech
and ready action that singular assump-
tion that if white men do not throttle
colored men, then China, India, and
Africa will do to Europe what Europe
has done and seeks to do to them.
"On the other hand, in the minds of
yellow, brown, and black men the brutal
truth is clearing: a white man is privi-
leged to go to any land where advantage
beckons and behave as he pleases the
black or colored man is being moje and
more confined to those parts of the
world where life for climatic, historical,
economic, and political reasons is most
difficult to live and most easily
nated by Europe for Europe's gain."
Commenting on this article the Even-
ing Telegram (Phil.), calls it "the most
stimulating contribution to recent litera-
ture on world politics."
The Boston Herald agrees that after
this war:
"There will be no lasting or satisfac-
tory peace unless measures are also
taken to safeguard the rights of races."
And the Washington (Pa.), Observer,
says:
"One of the most notable essays upon
the underlying causes of the present
world war is that of W. E. Burghardt
DuBois, editor of The Crisis, a maga-
zine devoted to the interests of the color-
ed race of America, in the current Atlan-
tic Monthly. Perhaps it is not going too
far to describe it as the most profound
of all the controversial articles on the
subject which has yet appeared for it is
OPINIONS 77
characterized by a broadness of view
and a wideness of scope truly remark-
able, and it deals with the race problems
involved in the question from an entirely
new angle. It looks at the question partly
—the from the Socialistic, partly from the im-
perialistic and partly from the com-
mercial standpoint, subordinating none
of these to the race question which the
writer frankly and avowedly has upper-
most in his mind."
m
MISCELLANEOUS
"Some time ago a Negro man sued a
white man in Granville county for- ali-
enating the affections of his wife and the
We jury gave the Negro a verdict for $8,000.
Don't get excited. A
similar case is
pending in this county right now, but it
is understood to be in a fair way to be
compromised and the names have not
been divulged, though the complaint is
—
on file in the clerk's office." Greens-
boro, N. C, Record.
"Despite the fact that he has been in-
vited and urged to attend a Y. M., C. A.
conference of employes of the organiza-
tion, Theodore Pettyjohn, physical di-
rector of the colored branch, was asked
; into the kitchen when the call for dinner
sounded. Following his guide from the
main dining room prepared for the other
conferees back to the kitchen, Mr.
Pettyjohn politely informed the lady that
domi- he would not eat. He turned his back
on the victuals prepared for him and
walked out. He then looked up the gen-
tleman who had insisted on his being at
the conference and told him a few
things.
"The gentleman tried to defend him-
self by Pettyjohn that he ought
telling
to want to eat with his own people, and
that Booker T. Washington ate in kit-
chens. Mr. Pettyjohn, seeing that the
'Christian' could not understand the
principle of the matter, left the confer-
ence, and walked five miles on an empty
stomach. When he reached the city
limits he boarded a car. At this confer-
ence all present sat in the same room,
read the same Bible, declared that Christ
and his teachings were the salvation of
all men yet when the dinner bell rang
;
Christ and his teachings were for-
gotten." —
Louisville Correspondence
Cleveland Gazette.
 :

AN OPEN LETTER a new day seemed to have dawned on

O the People of the United this republic.

States Unwarned by the experience of our

This is an appeal not
fathers we are now repeating their folly.
for any privilege, indul-
We acquiesce while the colored people of

gence or preference of this country, entitled equally with our-

any kind, but for simple selves to every legal right, are oppressed,

justice. insulted and degraded. Instead of -open-

For many years the people of the ing wide the door of opportunity and of-

Southern States have claimed that they fering them encouragement and help in
understand better than any one else their attempt to climbfrom slavery to
what they call the "Negro problem," and independent manhood, instead of trying
have insisted that they must be allowed to make them a body of useful, intelli-

to deal with the colored people in their gent citizens, we ignore our responsi-
communities as they think best. The bility and put every
for their condition

same claim was made during the days of obstacle in way, permitting men
their

slavery, and the rest of the country, whose views are warped by the tradi-
largely from indolence and the wish for tions and prejudices of slavery to dictate

a quiet life, weakly yielded and closed its our policy.

eyes and ears to the horrors of slavery. What are the consequences? If our
To save themselves trouble the people of colored fellow-citizens wish to cast their

the United States allowed this iniquity votes they are met by every legal and
to and grow powerful, until four
live illegal obstacle, and in large sections of
years of civil war brought upon them the country the colored vote is sup-

many times the trouble which they had pressed. Not only can they not vote for

tried to avoid during the years which what they want, but their white neigh-

preceded it.
bors cast the votes of the colored men
Determined to root out for all time for what the colored men do not want.
the injustice which had been punished As they count in the basis of representa-
tion and yet are denied the ballot, they
by such a terrible penalty and after
"every drop of blood drawn by the lash" are not only not represented but they are

had been "paid by another drawn by the misrepresented, and the power of those

sword," the people of the United States, who would perpetuate injustice is

so far as the Constitution could do it, doubled.

secured to every citizen of the country The Southern leaders say that the
his equal rights before the law. For the Negroes are ignorant and degraded, but
first time since the Declaration of Inde- they will not give them the education
pendence was published its "self-evident that they need. It is notorious that the

truths" were recognized in practice, and schools provided for the colored children
 EDITORIAL 79

are far worse than those enjoyed by the Laws are proposed to control their mar-
whites in large sections of the country, riage with white persons though inter-
and it is also true that the path of those course between the races has always pre-
who would teach them is beset with diffi- vailed, and the must
result of such laws
culties and often serious dangers. In be to put colored women
mercy of
at the
Florida no white man is allowed to teach white men, and to deprive them of the
in a colored school, and the supply of very slight protection which the law now
competent teachers is therefore largely gives them, while a generation of inno-
reduced. The spokesmen of the South cent children is degraded and stigma-
openly avow their purpose to keep their tized. Many labor unions will not admit
colored neighbors ignorant and fitted them, nor let them work as non-union
only for employment as laborers. men.
If Negroes would acquire property In Miami, Florida, a Negro chauffeur
and make themselves useful citizens, who presumes to drive his master's car
they find in one place an agitation to from Palm Beach is nearly killed by a
prevent their buying farms, in' others mob of white chauffeurs. The theatres
and like
violent attempts by nightriders admit plays grossly misrepresenting
ruffians to drive them from the farms colored folk and appealing to race preju-
which they have bought, and to prevent dice and passion. Public parks and
their laboring in the fields. Segregation places of amusement are largely closed
ordinances are proposed in many cities to them. In Northern schools and col-
to restrict their places of residence, and leges they are often unwelcome. At
this movement derives support from the every turn and in every attempt to rise
action of the Federal Government which they are met by this wicked prejudice.
undertakes in the public offices, the pro- The man in whose veins flows only a
perty of us all, to separate white from Negro blood, who
trace of inherits from
colored in the service of the United his white ancestors their ambitions and
States, deliberately changing conditions their tastes, is treated as if he were hope-
which have continued without objection lessly degraded, and all over the country
for fifty years. the attempt is made to hold them down
If Negroes are suspected of crime as an inferior class, denied those equal
their lives be taken by mob violence
may rights and equal opportunities which are
without and the men who murder
trial, the birthright of every American citizen.

them, nay more, torture them with bar- This state of things is absolutely in-
baric cruelty, whether in Springfield, tolerable and it cannot continue without
Illinois, in Coatesville, Pennsylvania, or bringing upon this country the most seri-
in countless southern towns and villages, ous calamities. No community can treat
go absolutely unpunished though per- any considerable body of citizens un-
fectly well known, while their action is justly without suffering the consequen-
approved by the communities where ces. The attempt of the French Govern-
these cruelties are committed. ment Dreyfus in undeserved im-
to hold
If colored men or women acquire an prisonment nearly overthrew the repub-
education, positions are denied them be- lic.

cause they are colored. Banks and The problem before this country is

offices will not receive them. If they not a Negro problem only but far more
would travel, hotels and restaurants are a white man's problem. We all suffer,

closed to them, and public corporations white and colored alike, and as there are
offer them grossly unfit accommodations. more white, so they suffer more while
80 THE CRISIS

the present conditions continue. It is aster awaits the country which we all

time for all who believe in justice and love.

humanity to organize and to resist race Moorfield Storey.
prejudice wherever it lifts its head.

We appeal to the people of the South

who profess to be civilized and Chris-
AN AMAZING ISLAND
tian, and ask how long they will allow
AMAICA is a most amaz-
ing island. I have seen
their fair name to be blackened and de-
something of the earth,
graded by unpunished lynching, and the
attempt to keep the Negroes down.
more especially Europe
While it continues the Southern states and America which
leave, to be sure, much
cannot rank among civilized communi-
unseen; but of- the lands that I have
ties. Are they content to hold this posi-
looked upon hitherto Jamaica is the most
tion?
startling. The ride from Spanishtown
We appeal to the Christian church and
to the northwestern sea is one of the
ask where in the teachings of its Founder
great rides of the world to be likened to
it finds any warrant for treating human
the Horse Shoe Bend or St. Gotthard.
beings with cruelty and injustice.
The Wag Water is a beautiful stream
We appeal to the lawyers whose mis- and Montego Bay is the bay of Naples.
sion it is to enforce the law and secure The whole island is a mass of gray,
to everyone his just rights, and ask them green mountains thrown on the face of
if they are content to see lynch law take
the sea with gash and shadow and veil.
the place of proper judicial procedure.
The rain of Jamaica is the maddest,
We appeal to the judges who hold the wildest and wettest of rains and the sun-
scales of justice,and urge them to keep shine is God's. There in Jamaica the
the balance true between men, no matter world is met. Africa and Asia and
what their race or color. Europe all meet which may mean little
We appeal to the colleges and schools and yet may be the most fateful meeting
whose teachers so largely control the the world ever saw. In Jamaica for the
iuture of this country not to deny educa- first time in my life I lived beyond the
tion to any one who seeks it. color line —not on one side of it but be-
We appeal to every warm-hearted, yond its end. There in strange places I
high-minded man or woman in this coun- could sense its curious paths stopping
try, and urge them to organize a new and wavering and fading into uncertain
anti-slavery movement. We beg them by threads. Of course, I was ever looking
voice, vote and example to rouse their for it. That is my inborn nature. I
neighbors and to make our public men saw that the moving picture films, for
feel that their political careers are not to instance, were "approved" by "His
be advanced by yielding to the advocates Worship, the Mayor," and when I sat
of discrimination. We must organize beside His Worship, the Mayor at din-
our political, our religious, our educa- ner, behold, His Worship was colored. I
tional, nay all our forces to the end that almost hesitated at the barber shops but
our country may be relieved from the the barbers did not hesitate. It was a
influence of all who believe that they strange sort of luxury to ride on rail-

help themselves up by keeping others ways where engineers, firemen, con-

down. Our motto is "All men up" and ductor and brakemen were black. The
that spirit must conquer, or terrible dis- smart, dark Constables in their gleaming
 ! ; ! :

EDITORIAL 81

white hats and coats gave me a double LUSITANIA

sense of security. In the stores there HE last horror of a hor-
was usually a curl or a tint in the clerk rible war is come ! It
that proclaimedmost ancient of
the puts a period to what we
blood and it was the same in the post have already said
office, the telephone exchange and the European civilization has
government buildings. In fact, though failed. Its failure did
somewhat of an expert in knowing mine not come with war but with this war
this
own, I confess that in Jamaica it was it has been made manifest. Whatever
quite impossible for me to pick out the of brutality and inhumanity, of murder,
alleged 15,000 white people out of the lust and theft has happened since last
900,000 of population. summer but counterpart of the same,
is

The peasants —a great mass of hard sort of happenings hidden in the wilder-
working black laborers —were tome per- ness and done against dark and helpless
haps more alluring. I can see now those people by white harbingers of human
black, straight and full-
and strong culture. But when Negroes were en-
bosomed forms, supple of hip and thigh slaved, or the natives of Congo raped
and lithe of limb, sinewy yet fine and and mutilated, or the Indians of the
calm, treading their silent miles like fate. Amazon robbed, or the natives of the
Soft of word and slow but sweet of South Seas murdered, or 2,732 Ameri-
smile and uncomplaining, of the blood —
can citizens lynched when all this hap-
and tears of such as these was built pened in the past and men knew it was
Jamaica. Threaded through all this curi- happening and women fatted and plumed
ous beauty, with palm and mahogany, themselves on the ill-gotten gains, and
the scent of orange blossoms and the London and Berlin and Paris and New
gleam of bananas, threaded through all York flamed with orgies of extravagance
this is the tragedy of a poverty almost which the theft of worlds made possible,
incomprehensible. Think of a woman when all this happened, we civilized folk
carrying sand all day, twelve endless turned deaf ears. We explained that
hours in a Jamaica sun, for eighteen these "lesser breeds
without the law"
cents Think of able-bodied men work-
! were given to exaggeration and had to
ing for twenty-five cents and less a day. be treated this way. They could not un-
Think of walking fifty miles and carry- derstand "civilization ;" but as for the
ing a hundred pound burden for forty White World, there humanity and Chris-
cents. Think of raising and selling tianity and loving kindness reigned.
oranges at two cents a hundred This was a lie and we know it was a
Here is an island rich beyond dream lie. The Great War is the lie unveiled.
out of it for three centuries and more This world is a miserable pretender to-
the white world has reaped its millions. ward things which it might accomplish
Yet today the island lies poverty-stricken if it would be humble and gentle and

but facing the world proudly with one poor and honest. It is a great privilege
great gift, the gift of racial peace, the in the midst of this frightful catastrophe
utter overturning of the barbaric war of to belong to a race that can stand before
color, with a chance for men
them- to lift Heaven with clean hands and say we :

selves regardless of the complexion of have not oppressed, we have been op-
their grandfathers. It is the most mar- pressed ; we are not thieves, we are
velous paradox of this paradoxical west- victims; we are not murderers, we are
ern world. lynched
 ; : !; —

THE ZEITGEIST
By LESLIE PINCKNEY HILL

"Where is the wise? where is the

scribe? Where is the disputer of this
world? Hath not God made foolish the
wisdom of this world? But God . . .

hath chosen the foolish things of the

world to confound the wise: and God
hath chosen the weak things of the
world to confound the things which are
mighty; and base things of the world,
and things which are despised, hath God
,
chosen, yea, and things which are not,
to bring to naught things that are; that
no flesh should glory in his presence." —
Paul.
"What is all this but a wild fermenta-
tion of the spirit, wherefrom, the fiercer
it is, the clearer product will one day

evolve itself/' —
Carlyle.

Before the whirlwind and the thunder-

shock,
The agony of nations, and this wild
Eruption of the passionate will of man,
These tottering bastions of mighty states, Among the least of men of many strains
This guillotine of culture, and this new Whose origins outdate the pyramids,
Unspeakable Golgotha of the Christ, —
Uncherished of my country though the
My heart declares her faith, and, undis- blood
mayed, Of all my fathers ran to make her free;
I write her prompting —
write it in that Known by a name that typifies the slave,
poise Synonymous with darkness, and by that
Of judgment undisturbed to which our Set in the ranks of mortals least es-
Head teemed,
Admonishes the nation. Iclaim no merit save the love of truth,
And care to find for her a lodging-place.
But have I
A certain warrant? Does the cannon Nor comes it more of choice than of the
roar stern
Above the mangled myriads washed in Duress and cold inhospitality
blood Of that environment which prejudice
Upon a hundred fields embolden me Fills consciously with bane, that I have
To vent the doctrine of a private heart sought
Nay, ask it not; for God hath chosen Blessed be the God of Mercy at the!
—
still shrine
The weak thing and the foolish and the Of thought inviolate the wells of peace.
base, There, fortified and unmolested, long
And that which is despised to do His Have I in contemplation rued the plight
will Of all my kind, and reverently aspired
And humble men are chartered yet to To ponder out our mission, unconvinced
run That we are born the dupes of Provi-
Upon his errands round the groaning dence,
sphere To be a nation's burden and her taunt,
Not many of the mighty ones are called, Or Ishmaels of an unchosen land.
Not many that dispute, not many wise My quest has been to know the good of
And evermore the Scripture is fulfilled. life,
 — —— ! !

THE ZEITGEIST 83

And why a race should be, and what But looking in upon my stricken peers
endures I saw beyond uncomliness of form
Of that which men have called Society, The nobler lineaments of hope new-born
And, high among the guerdons of my For peoples yet to be. O scorn it not,
toil, Ye mighty of our land, all ye that mount
To learn what perfect service, born of To glory on the necks of trampled men
throes If ye have ears and hearts, O hear and
Dreadful but purgative, we yet might heed
dare For now within your midst are multi-
To offer thee, O country of our hope. tudes
Puissant though despised, meek men of
prayer,
And from these musings — thanks again Dark shackled Knights of Labor, cling-
to Him
ing still,
Whose citadels are stars, with time and Amidst a universal wreck of faith,
space
To cheerfulness, and foreigners to hate.
Their pylons, but who builds his favored
These know ye not, these have ye not
home received,
Upon the docile trust of lowly hearts
But these shall speak to you Beatitudes.
Proceeded comfort, longanimity Around them surge the tides of all your
And strength increasing of a faith sub-
strife,
lime
Above them rise the august monuments
Which neither infidelity in arms, Of all your outward splendor, but they
Nor all the bitter usage of the world
stand
Can e'er avail to tarnish or impair.
Unenvious in thought, and bide their
time.
For looking out upon the world I saw Because ye schooled them in the arts of

Small help for future man in those who life,

stand. And gave to them your God, and poured

Upon the heights of power, save in the your blood
tales Into their veins to make them what they
Transmitted of their long decline and are,
fall. They shall not fail you in the hour of
Because they spurn the heart of broth- need.
erhood, They own in them enough of you to feel
And trade in life, and mock the living All that has made you masters in your
God time
By lofty scorn of His dishonored sons, Dear art and riches, unremitting toil,
The strong battalions of eternal truth Proud types of beauty, an unbounded
And Nature's law make their discomfort will
sure. To triumph, wondrous science and old
They prove the error of that pride of law
race These have they learned to covet and to

And nation which has been the world's share.

despite,
And unloosed Mammon for a thousand But deeper in them still is something
years. steeled
Not all their transient lordship of the To hot abhorrence and unmeasured
earth, dread
Their cunning in the traffic of the world, Of your undaunted sins against the
The condescension of their patronage, light—
Or thundering proclamations of their Red sins of lust, of envy and of hate,
might, Of guilty gain extorted from the weak,
Can check the springs of pity, while our Of brotherhood traduced, and God
prayers denied.
Besiege the Throne of Mercy for their All this have they beheld without revolt,
weal. And borne the brunt in agonizing prayer.
 —
84 THE CRISIS

For other strains of blood that flow Despite their bleeding under whips and
from times scorns,
Older than Egypt, whence the dark man New arbiters of social destiny,
gave New health veins in the body politic,
The rudiments of learning to all lands, A high-commissioned people mingled
Have been a strong constraint. And through
they have dreamed With all the bloods of man, and, coun-
Of a peculiar mission under heaven, selling
And felt the force of unexampled gifts Peace, and the healing grace of brother-
That make for them a rare inheritance hood,
The gift of cheerful confidence in man, "Have power in this dark land to lighten
The gift of calm endurance, solacing it,

An infinite capacity for pain, "And power in this dead world to make
The gift of an unfeigned humility, it live."
Blinding the eyes of strident arrogance
And bigot pride to that philosophy When through my being, like some lyre
And that far-glancing wisdom which it strung,
veils, These wands of temporal occurrence
Of joy in beauty, hardihood in toil, sweep,
Of hope in tribulation, and of wide I hear a kind of music, high and low,

Adaptive power without a parallel And ranging from the tortured earth to
In chronicles of men; and, over all, heaven,
And more than all besides, the gift of Throbbing in tragic cadence to express
God The passing and the coming life of man.
Expressed in rhythmic miracles of song.
And though the tempests rage and earth
O these are gifts, I said a thousand is stirred
times, To her foundations, though the lucid air
Richer than Ophir, stronger than the Becomes a menace, and the beauteous
might world
Of armament conquer and to cure,
to Is bathed in fire, I am undismayed.
Gifts destined yet to permeate the earth, The cataclysmic travail prophesies
To heal it of its mighty heresies, The dawn of one world conscience for
And all its brutal blasphemies of war. all men,
The breaking up of caste and race and
So viewing all my brothers in distress, creed,
Hindered and cursed and aliens, I have The warfare of all war against itself.
wept
And prayed for them in solitude apart And hence in my low place this living
That they might know themselves a peace
chosen folk That grows and deepens, while the stag-
Unrecognized but potent, chastened still gered frames
But chartered to be ministers of truth, Of ancient kingdoms reel beneath a
To search the depths of spirit, to go weight
forth Of crimes so vast that genius strives in
As heralds of religion and belief, vain
To sing the sorrow song of deathless To compass them in thought : for out of
faith, this,
To woo and win a perfect self-control, The Spirit saith, shall issue other breeds
To breed strong children exercised in Soul-wounded like my brothers, and like
prayer, them
Shunning as they would death the pat- Despised and trammeled, but sent forth
terns set to teach
By those who hold the kingdoms and the That nothing in the changing world en-
sway. dures
So might they with the pregnant years But truth, and love, and brotherhood
become, and God.
 :
..idUA^vifA^
MEMBERSHIP
The membership of the Association is
now over seven thousand. During the
month of April 687 new members were
added. The greater number of these
came in from the following branches
Northern California, District of Colum-
bia, St. Louis, Columbus, O., and Pitts-
burgh, Columbus leading with 221.
m Mann, a Southerner and rector of Trin-
MEETINGS
Speakers from the Membership Com-
mittee of the National Association have
addressed the Interdenominational and
Baptist Ministers' Conferences in New
York and meetings in the Zion A. M. E.
and Fleet Street Churches in Brooklyn,
and the Fourth Moravian Church in
New York. Speakers from the same
committee were also heard at the Tents'
Convention which was held in Brooklyn,
May 12-14.
Mrs. Florence Kelley, of the Board of
Directors, addressed a meeting in St.
Mark's M. E. Church, Montclair, N. J.,
Dr. F. H. Butler, pastor, on March 21.
On April 28 she spoke at the Bethel A.
M. E. Church, New York City, at a
meeting held under the auspices of the
Department for the Suppression of
Lynching of the Northeastern Federa-
tion of Women's Clubs.
On February 14 Mr. Villard spoke on
the race question at Spuyten Duyvil at
the Union Church to the regular parish-
ioners, and on February 22 he addressed
the Brooklyn Congregational Club at the
Arbuckle Building of Plymouth Church,
the subject being "The Attitude of the
South toward the Negro." Mr. Vil-
lard's address was challenged by an en-
thusiastic champion of the South and re-
ceived considerable comment in the
local press. |uh
BRANCHES
Boston:
Following the protests of our Associa-
tion in Los Angeles, San Francisco and
New York the Boston Branch took up
the fight against "The Birth of a Na-
tion" and immediately aroused public
opinion against it, which was reflected in
pulpit and press. Representative citi-
zens united in condemning the play, in-
cluding the Governor and Lieutenant
Governor of the State, Dr. Eliot, Dr.
ity, Dr. Crothers, Hon. Samuel W. Mc-
call, Mr. Garrison, and many others.
Protests to the Mayor and Governor
were made and meetings held every-
where, culminating in a mass meeting in
Tremont Temple with an overflow meet-
ing on the Common.
Buffalo:
At a meeting of the members of the
Christian Culture Congress, on March
27, held in the Michigan Avenue Bap-
tist Church, under the auspices of the
Buffalo Branch of the N. A. A. C. P.,
the Rev. Houghton Fosbroke, pastor of
St. Andrew's Church, addressed four
hundred members present and said "It :
is not the Negro who needs educating
but the white man who is ignorant of
the wrong that has been done the colored
race." Dr. Fosbroke, in defining the
three dangers which confronted colored
people, said "You are guilty of segre-
:
gation, snobbishness, lack of unity and
contempt born of discouragement in the
fight for right against might." Mrs.
William H. Talbert presided.
Chicago :
At the annual meeting of this branch,
which was held in the Abraham Lincoln
Center, the three speakers were Judge
Brown, Judge McMurdy and Mr. Isaac
Fisher, editor of the Negro Farmer.
This branch presented to the new May-
or its objections to the moving picture
play based on the "Clansman," which is
announced for production in Chicago in
the summer. The press reports that the
play was passed by the wife of the
86 THE
former Mayor, Mrs. Harrison, and by
his secretary. In a letter to the press
Mrs. Harrison, a Southern woman, now
condemns the picture.
Cleveland:
This branch continues to increase its
membership, its enrollment now being
254. It has held a series of parlor meet-
ings and a public meeting at which the
speakers were Mr. A. H. Martin, Mr.
D. G. Gibson and Mr. Charles W. Ches-
nutt.
District of Columbia:
A
campaign for a thousand new mem-
bers has just been started. During April
one hundred joined. The Committee of
Fifty and More is energetically at work
and has just sent to headquarters a
check for two hundred and fifty dollars.
The Juvenile Committee launched their
work with a children's mass meeting on
April 18 at the Howard Theatre. A tures will be given in the Library Hall
varied program, given by children and
including race songs, orations and
stories, aroused fresh interest in the
committee and its plans. The Chair-
man of the committee is Mrs. Carrie W.
Clifford.
Des Moines:
The membership of this branch has
grown in four months to one hundred
and thirty-three and includes the Gov-
ernor of the State, the Attorney Gen-
eral, the editor of the Register and
Leader, one of the leading white papers,
and other representative citizens. In ad-
dition to its vigorous cooperation with
Headquarters, in working against hos-
tile legislation in Congress, this branch
materially aided in defeating the anti-
intermarriage bill introduced into the
Iowa Legislature. A
brief was prepared
by the President and the Legislative
Committee of the branch and sent to
every member of the Legislature. Large-
ly as a result of these efforts, action on
the bill was indefinitely postponed.
Two successful public meetings have
been held, a Lincoln anniversary meet-
ing and an educational meeting. In con-
nection with the fight, the National As-
sociation has been carrying on in differ-
ent sections of the country against the
moving picture play, "The Birth of a
Nation," it is interesting to note that a
city ordinance drawn by the President
CRISIS
of this branch, Mr. S. Joe Brown, was
passed by the City Council in 1907. This
ordinance prohibits the production of
any play tending to stir up race preju-
dice. The Secretary of the branch is
Mrs. Jessye E. McClain and the Chair-
man of the Executive Committee, Mr.
Harvey E. Ingham, editor of the Regis-
ter and Leader.
Harrisburg:
This branch, with the Philadelphia
and Pittsburgh Branches, has succeeded
in getting a new CivH Rights Bill
through the lower branch of the Legis-
lature by a vote of 138 to 34.
Howard Chapter:
A course of lectures on Race Contact
and Inter-Racial Relations, to be given
under the auspices of the Howard Chap-
ter of the N. A. A. C. P., is announced
to begin Tuesday, April 27. These lec-
of the University by Prof. Alain Leroy
Locke, formerly Rhodes scholar at Ox-
ford. It is hoped that another year
these lectures may be given in other
universities. The course will be con-
ducted by syllabus and will include the
following lectures: The Historical and
Scientific Conceptions of Race; The Po-
litical and Practical Conceptions of
Race; The Phenomena and Laws of
Race Contact The Fallacies of Modern
;
Race Creeds Race Progress and Racial
;
Culture.
Los Angeles:
This branch enters on the second year
of its work having held its first annual
meeting at the Providence Baptist
Church with officers of the branch as
speakers.
Toledo:
At the request of this branch, the
Mayor of the city suppressed the mov-
ing picture play called "The Nigger,"
which is running in some cities under
the of "The New Governor." On
title
May 10 a John Brown day meeting was
held with Wilbur E. King, formerly
First Assistant Prosecuting Attorney of
Franklin County, as speaker. In its
membership this branch includes not
only the Mayor but also three judges of
the Court of Common Pleas, a probate
judge, a police court judge and other
prominent white citizens.
 : ::
FIGHTING RACE CALUMNY
Part II
We gave last month a chronology
of
the fight of the National Association for
the Advancement of Colored People
against Tom Dixon's latest libel. This
is a continuation of that narrative.
"The Birth of a Nation" is now being
shown in New York, Boston, Los
Angeles, San Francisco, and is booked
for Chicago for the summer. In each
place our branches have protested. In
Los Angeles they got no results. In San
Francisco a few objectionable scenes
were eliminated.
In Des Moines, Iowa, the play cannot
,>be presented because of the fact that
Mr. S. Joe Brown some years ago intro-
]
jduced an ordinance which was passed
^prohibiting plays arousing race feeling.
In Ohio, Cleveland and Toledo
branches and other agencies co-operat-
ing, kept out the play, "The New Gov-
ernor," and think they can keep this out
of the State.
The center of the fight has been Bos-
ton.
April 6:
The film interests attack The
as an "incendiary" publication. They
explain Jane Addams' criticism by de-
claring that she saw only half the film,
which is absolutely false and they de-;
clare that the film had the endorsement
C of the President of the United States,
S George Foster Peabody, Senator Jones
Lof Washington and others.
April 9
Ahearing was held before Mayor
Curley. Many prominent persons took
part. A
letter to us saying: "When the
hearing was over a little bout occurred
between Moorfield Storey and Griffith.
It seems in the Boston papers that Grif-
fith had promised Mr. Storey $10,000
for any Charity he would name if he
could find a single incident in the play
that was not historic. Mr. Storey asked
Mr. Griffith if it was historic
colored lieutenant governor had locked
a white girl into a room in the Capitol
and demanded a forced marriage in
South Carolina? Mr. Griffith only an-
swered, 'Come and see the play' and
held out his hand to Mr. Storey. Mr.
Storey drew back and said, 'No sir,' re-
fusing to shake hands with him."
April 15:
George Foster Peabody, in a public
letter, calls the film "unfair to the Ne-
gro and to the white equally and a
traversity on sound peace principles."
Senator Jones writes "I never endorsed
:
it," and continues, "the character of the
second part of the play became evident
before it began and I did not stay to see
it." The Rector of Trinity Church,
Boston, calls the film "untrue and un-
just." Persons unconnected with this
organization threw rotten eggs at the
screen in New York City.
April 17:
A new feature is added to the film in
Boston "portraying the advance of Ne-
gro life." A prominent New York law-
yer informs us that this was done at the
suggestion of Mr. Booker T. Washing-
ton. Colored citizens of Boston are re-
fused tickets to the first exhibition of the
film. The colored people persist in de-
Crisis manding tickets and eleven of them are
arrested including Mr. W. M. Trotter,
editor of the Guardian, and the Rev.
Aaron Puller. All were discharged ex-
cept the two mentioned.
April 19:
Great protest meeting in Faneuil Hall
presided over by Frank B. Sanborn.
Governor Walsh of Massachusetts prom-
ised to advocate a law which will enable
such films to be suppressed.
April 20:
The state police of Massachusetts re-
fuse to permit "The Birth of a Nation"
to be exhibited on Sunday.
April 21
The Massachusetts court orders elim-
ination of the rape scene in the film.
Large hearing before the legislature.
April 28
that a Mrs. Carter II. Harrison, wife of the
former mayor of Chicago denies that
she ever approved the film. "It is the
most awful thing I have seen. It would
 :
88 THE
arouse racial feeling. I am a southerner
and you naturally would expect me
oppose such pictures as this."
April 29:
Clergymen representing six Protestant
denominations protest against the film.
April 30
The secretary to the President of the
United States replying to W. H. Lewis,
of Boston, and to Bishop Walters, writes
"Replying to your recent letter and
enclosures, I beg to say that it is true
that 'The Birth of a Nation' was pro-
duced before the President and his fam-
ily at the White House, but the Presi-
dent was entirely unaware of the char-
acter of the play before it was presented
and has at no time expressed his appro-
THE PROTEST ON BOSTON COMMON
Courtesy of Boston Post
bation of Its exhibition at the White
it.
House was a courtesy extended to an old
acquaintance."
A committee of the Massachusetts
legislature reports a bill which is a com-
promise between several proposals. This
bill places unlimited powers of censor-
ship in the hands of the Mayor, the
police commissioner and the chief jus-
tice of the municipal court. This bill
has passed the lower House and is be-
fore the Senate.
May 2:
Mass meeting of 2,500 persons at Tre-
mont Temple to protest against the film.
Ex-President Eliot, Dr. S. M. Crothers,
Dr. F. M. Rowley, Miss Adelene Moffat
and Mr. Ralph Cobleigh were among the
speakers. A mass meeting was also held
on Boston Common. Mr. Cobleigh de-
CRISIS
clared that Dixon had told him that the
to object of the film was the ultimate de-
portation of 10,000,000 Negroes from
the United States, and the repeal of the
war amendments, President Eliot said
that this proposal was "inconceivable
and monstrous" and "an abominable
outrage." He
continued:
"A more dangerously false doctrine
: taught by the play is that the Ku-Klux-
Klan was on the whole a righteous and
necessary society for the defence of
Southern white men against black Leg-
islatures led by Northern white men.
This is the same sort of argument being
used by the Germans to-day, that a con-
tract may be destroyed as a military ne-
cessity. Undoubtedly, grievous condi-
tions existed in the South, but they did
not justify the utter lawlessness and
atrocities which marked the trail of the
Ku-Klux. There can be no worse teach-
ing,no more mischievous doctrine than
this, that lawlessness is justified when
necessary."
May 5:
The Rev. A. W. Puller was dis-
charged by the court while Mr. Trotter
was finedfor assault on a policeman,
but entered an appeal. The judge
blamed the ticket seller chiefly for the
disturbance.
May 15. Telegram from the Chicago
Branch, N. A. A. C. P.:
Mayor Thompson has unqualifiedly
refused license to the photo-play "Birth
of a Nation." C. E. Bentley,
Treasurer, N. A. A. C. P.
 By May Effie Lee
*'"V7*JU have the wrong idea of compo-
A declared the blue-pen-
sition,"
ciled criticism on one of my first two
themes. "It is not a fantastic, lawless
thing, but is orderly and responsible."
On the second paper had been penciled,
"This goes out of bounds by no means
to the same extent as the other, never-
theless the note of the whole is frankly
forced." T looked at both papers and
sighed. So, tireless devotion to compo-
sition for composition's own dear sake
had brought me to this, a realization
that I was creator of pen chameleons,
narrow, wriggling color studies that
spent their time shifting shades. I felt
wounded.
"Good writing," conceded the blue
pencil, on work of a week later, "but
not improved by the forced note in it.
Why will you use the exaggerated style
in all that you do?" I must start again.
I tried describing a visit to a settlement
house. —
"This" the blue pencil in my
— prompted, "May I choose my own sub-
third week of agony "is mere hard
cataloguing of detail. If it marks the
swing of the pendulum from the exag-
gerated style it is in that case, of course,
as bad as the extreme it would avoid."
Evidently every pigment of that blue
pencil was concentrated upon my ruin.
I must say something.
Outside of class I had scarcely ex-
changed a dozen words with my in-
structor. During the lecture period his
talks were sufficiently brilliant to dispel
foreshadowings'of blue pencil disappro-
bation. And the flash of his wit was
bound to. drawone's attention from
waiting theme piles on the desk. But
after class, when the work submitted a
week before was returned, criticized,
then truly came my moments of misgiv-
ing. "I'm sure he imagines me obstin-
ately adherent to old mannerisms. If I
am improving, I'm improving so slow-
ly," were my thoughts when, in despera-
tion, I lingered one evening after others
of the class had gone, and said to the
man at the table, "You think I don't try.
But I do."
"You ought to write simply." Now
any one with a moderate amount of stu-
pidity is possessed of sufficient presence
of mind to feel disconcerted in the soci-
ety of clever people. And because I
was excited, perhaps, I blurted out a re-
quest that cool thought may never have
ject?" He consented. The fact that the
one colored member of the class might
hereby be further establishing herself as
a peculiarity troubled me little then.
Away I hurried joyously, only to
pause outside and watch some fussy
sparrows traveling backward and for-
ward between the vines on the old hall
and a green privet hedge of the univer-
sity. I felt grateful toward even the
sparrows, so relieved I was, and glad.
 "

90 THE CRISIS

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AT ROBINS BUILDING TIME

Now seemed my opportunity for remov- eggs. I could tell, too, of the mourning
ing eternal minus signs from beside blue dove's pitiful nest of weeds her color- ;

"G's." less eggs her plaint, "Here's another

;

I went home and eagerly wrote of a new-u-u-found woe-o-o."

mocking bird in honeysuckles. The blue But long before the writine of the
pencil changed tone like a Maeterlinck saddest as well as the brightest of these
blue bird. "I like this. It has the resulted in "Distinguished" marks for a
naivete of a folk-tale." And with joy I year's effort, had I discovered what good
realized that my best of friends were friends birds are. "Nothing here is for
likely toprove nature and her birds. me," sometimes I've found myself say-
From mockingbirds in reeds by Flo- ing when picturesque places seemed only
rida lagoons white herons on white for the rich. "The flowers he planted.
oyster bars
;

cardinals swinging amidst

; He set out the trees " perhaps at that
scarlet cassenas,could bring the
scenes home, to where, in spring, the
brave lark utters but one minor hint of
all its winter warring with snow and
wind. I could, from intimate view-
point, picture our winter whistlers, the
chickadee and the titmouse, gold of good
cheer in his heart, treasure of gold be-
neath each wing.
From the coming of the first gray
robin to the crowning of spring, with
the gold oriole, there was to be recorded
—
I moment, from among live-oak, maple or
cotton-wood boughs, flutters reassurance
in the form of our impartial friend,
the bird. I watch small sweet Sonora
doves flitting from the Phcenix rich
man's olive groves to the pepper trees of
my humble stopping-place. I see desert
song sparrows go out toward the Apache
huts. I hear kildeer's trilling far up on
bald Monkey Hills, where no man but
the Hopi camps. The birds befriend us
all.

from our village a wealth of bird-land in- I would have for teachers the robin
cident if nothing better than a tale of
; and the oriole, symbols, respectively, of
how I chased an illusive chewink to her hardihood and subtility. The robin has
brush-pile home or how I found blue ; courage to build in tempestuous young
birds complacently watching me from a spring. The oriole chooses silk to inter-
hole in a post or how, for instance, a
; weave with nest fabric. Courage and
cow bird audibly gloated when she. left care. "I cannot see that failure to real-
a snuff-flecked e^ in my song sparrow's ize yourself could be interpreted other-
dainty nest how an April storm de-
; wise than quite wilful neglect. Use your
stroyed a catbird home and two beryline abilities. It is all that is necessary,"
 birds and;manuscripts 91

A BLUEBIRDS FRONT DOOR

read a final message from the wielder of silt, themessage of my springtime

the blue pencil. "Much patience! Much
labor! Much hope, too!" the rust-brown
Carolina wren has caroled at my window
all winter. I heed the message of both
and
critic bird.
Though I lack the robin's farsighted-
ness to discern May in March; oriole
clearness of vision to select silk from
friends, this year seems more fully than
ever fraught with meaning for me.
After many months of living as much as
possible for it alone, I have all but fin-
ished my book on the out-of-doors.
Still —
blue egg merged into speckled
fledgling; spotted breast ripened to red
— what awaits the robin? God send
such springtime as the oriole finds.

"WAITING FOR THE ORIOLES"

 — —

THE GOLDEN-HAIRED MAIDEN

M M By SIDNEY E. DICKINSON ^ g§

UMMER night was stealing across into her face. She spoke kindly to him
^ the bottom lands and wooded and he nestled close beside her. But he
wastes of Alabama. The last bell of was uneasy and soon was away baying
evening had died on the still air. Far as only a hound can bay on a summer
off in the west —
in the west of long ago night in Alabama. From far and near
— a soft light glowed, pale, ashen, and came answers to his barking.
dim, and then went out. Warm breezes "What's wrong with the dog?" called
came out of the south, and in the upper out a voice from within the house.
air was heard the rushing of a great "I do not know, father," replied the
wind. The trees swayed and the leaves maiden.
sang a song of evening. Then all was "Come in, my girl."
calm, for the night had come.
-
Distant "The night is lovely, father. I will
sounds as of a people in trouble came stay out if you please, dear father."
out of the vast "Very well.
reaches of the Good night."
—
land wails and "Come in, my
songs and amaz- dear," chimed in
ing ecstasy. the hollow voice
A youth and a of a woman.
maiden —a fair- "The night is
formed youth warm, Aunt Car-
and a golden- oline. I will stay
haired maiden out if you please."
were walking to- "Why must they
gether alone. be ever after me?"
"Yes, yes," the brooded the girl.
maiden sobbed, "They do not
"but your heart know me."
seems cold to "No good will
me." come of this,"
"And yours is said the father.
much too warm, "She is a head-
1 think." strong girl," said
"Never was heart too warm," she the aunt.
sobbed., "for without warm hearts the A hush had come over the land. The
world were very cold indeed." dogs had ceased their barking. The
"What a silly notion," laughed the voices of sorrow were no longer heard.
cold-hearted boy. "And now we're home Only the drone of myriad insects broke
again. Good night." the silence.
Heturned to speak as he went away. "I seem hardly myself tonight," mused
"Sit on the steps," he said, "and listen the maiden. "I am unhappy and happy
to the black folks singing. That will at once. Surely this is strange. Yes,
cool your heart. Damn their racket, say my heart is too warm."
I." And while she sat thus in reverie,
"That warm my heart," she said.
will great preparations were going on in the
And she sat alone this gentle
so — quarters down back of the mansion
—
maiden of long ago and the tears came preparations she knew not of, for the
to her eyes and she marveled at the preparations were carried on with won-
beauty of the far-away voices and she drous stealth. But so still was the nierht
thought not of the youth who had passed that she heard at length the murmur of
from her life forever. muffled voices, and great fear came over
Her dog came to her side and looked her, for the hour was well past ten.
 THE GOLDEN-HAIRED MAIDEN 93

"Father is very cruel to them. What than ever she had heard man pray be-
can it be ?" she thought. fore.
She called her dog, but no dog came. "I wonder why I am here?" she pon-
All was very still. dered. "I am very tired, and I am not
"They love me. I will go down." well. My
breath comes short. But my
Out into the night she ventured, a- heart is warmer than ever before, and
tremble. Quiet reigned at the quarters. I am happy. I seem to be meeting my
"Aunt Janey," she called but her
;
lover, and my lover's heart is warmer
voice echoed in an empty room. than mine."
"Sammy May," she called. Again no The prayer continued with increasing
answer. fervor were swaying and weeping
till all

She felt her way inside. A rat scur- with emotions varying from keenest
ried across the dirt. Yes, the slaves had terror to most exalted bliss.
gone. Out of such passion something must
"Oh dear!" wept the golden-haired be born, and ere the prayer was well
maiden, and would have fainted there, completed the silvery voice of a man in
no doubt, had not her heart been warm. anguish rose above the weeping, singing,
She feared to return to the house and "I was way down a-yonder a-by myself.
knew not what to do. I was hunting a-fo' some a-bosom a-
friend."
"I hear them," she cried. "I hear
Scarcely had the exquisite melody
them. Down in the swamp they are
burst upon the night when another
singing. They have stolen away to meet
voice, born of the African wilderness,
with their God." Her face turned
had joined in with a throbbing accom-
ghastly white. "What if father hears
them?" she gasped. "But the swamp is
—
paniment "Dum a la dum a lum a dum
a lum."
far away and father will not hear them,
I know."
The assembled slaves took up the
monotonous chant, only to hear the wail-
A sudden thought came to her, bring-
ing tenor peal out again in perfect ec-
ing back with it the color to her face. stasy. "An' O Lord de angel done
"I am going to the swamp, and why I change my name, my brudder an' I don'
am going I do not know. Is it because know where my leader's gone. Good
my heart is warm?" Lord my Jesus done died one time, my
Once the resolution was made and —
brudder" here, all, feeling the common
once the wild escapade undertaken, inspiration, sang out, "an' he never
nothing could have stayed her. She 'tends to die no mo'."
knew the road to the grist mill, dared "My heart is a-flame with love," wept
the path through the sighing pines, and the golden-haired maiden.
ere the time when night meets morning, On toward the hours of sunrise, when
had come to the edge of the brake. A fancies, not signs, are astir to tell of the
volume of song issued from the depths coming day, the meeting had burned it-
of the ghostly swamp. Quavering notes, self out. Exhausted, the Negroes pre-
higher and higher and yet higher, blend- pared to return by stealth, as they had
ed with the booming of the bases and come, and there among them they found
the swell and rocking of altos and sweet their golden-haired maiden.
tenors. And through it all came the
frenzied screams of men and women in The doctor said the golden-haired
the throes of religious passion. The maiden could not live, and so, when she
golden-haired maiden fought her way was about to die, the rough father, with
through the tangled underbrush and tears rolling down his cheeks, and the
through the mud and through inky pools heartless aunt, and others were as-
of water, till, undetected, she found her- sembled about her, and she said, "My
self almost upon this midnight scene so heart warm with love."
is
passing strange. A
lull had come in the "It a good thing," said the heartless
is
singing. There was no light. Some one aunt to herself, when all was over, "for
was praying for deliverance from bond- sooner or later the girl would learn our
age, more fervently, thought the maiden. secret, and then the story would out,
 :

94 THE CRISIS

and I would be disgraced

!"
—a nigger for Outside the Negroes wept as a lover
a niece weeps for his lost one.
"God be merciful!" cried the father. The cold-hearted youth said, "I do not
"It is very sad," said the others. understand."

AN APPEAL see them for they are as fine as they

Dec. 10-1914. look. We think quite seriously, and
R No. 4 Box 62 Cordele Ga shiver when we think of it, and agree
with you in speaking of the disgrace,
Dear Editor. Will you Please allow me to
"that the foremost republic on earth
Beg you to help just one hard Working man
should be directing its greatest battle not
here in Georgia. By giving me Space in
against war and poverty and prejudice,
your Paper, to get a home in That Part of
but against these dark babies. On with
the Word Where Probly a Working man can
get a Way
make a Living if Nothing else
to
The Crisis."
I am a hard Working man and of a very Chicago, 111.

small family. Bread Born and Raised on a

farm and has a Good Rep among all White Atlanta, Ga.
& Black. Not too yong to Work. Nor too
Congratulations on this editorial on
old. Not sickly at all: age 34: Wife 28:
We made and Gathered 100 Bushels of Corn the war in the new Crisis, and on the
and 21 good Bales of Cotton, on one hosre
one about the Women's Clubs as well.
farm, and Now. We are Panic stricken.
Some criticise us a chip-on-the-
for
shoulder attitude. myself, however,
I
With Nothing to eat. and Very Little to
ware. We Need help. Badly. There is Noth-
become more and more intolerant of any
suggestion o'f patronage.
ing in this Country to Do Wherein We might
make a Living. If there is any concern B. G. Brawley.
That Will feed and clothe us I Will Serve
all Nex year: 12 months to Pay for Same.
New York City.
I can furnish Good Reference to my self
among Some of the Best White People here.
I want to express my warm satisfac-
tion with the manly and skillful way in
No one in family has ever Been arested. No
which The Crisis handled the Trotter-
had any cause for such, these Words can
casly Be proved. Will you Please help us io
Wilson affair. Your paper is simply
get in the Republic part of the World en-
splendid in this and in other ways of
fighting the good fight.
stead of the Dimacratic and help one honest
Colord man to get wher I can Live: Please Moses Oppenheimer.
answer your most humble
Servant Washington, D. C.
J. F. Wright. The Crisis improves with age, and it
alone justifies the existence of the N. A.
Of course, we hope that onr children A. C. P.
are the finest that appear in The Crtsts E. C. Williams,
and, therefore, proud for the world to Principal Colored High School.
 !

LETTERS 95

Calhoun, Ala. courts improperly prepared is a disgrace

I am
enclosing my check for sub- and positive injury to our cause, how-
scription to The Crisis with my heart- ever good the intentions of the inade-
iest congratulations. quately trained men who persist in do-
Even when you show a spirit, semi- ing it. May The Crisis have a pros-
occasionally, only, that makes your most perous year.
devoted adherents cringe a trifle, I be- — F. H. M. Murray.
lieve that the existence of such bitter-
ness of spirit is a scientific fact which
should be known by all who are intelli- New York City.
gently interested in the welfare of the With my heartiest wishes for the suc-
people of both races. cess of The Crisis, (it is the one paper
But is the present state of things due whose editorials I never miss reading)
to the patient waiting policy of one sec- now and in the future.
tion of the colored people? Is it not Amy Spingarn.
rather due to the constantly increasing (Mrs. J. E. Spingarn.)
number of able, educated, cultured men
and women of the race, who must of Irvington, N. J.
necessity bring a new demand for recog-
The examples Ihave given of various
nition and give the question of social
poets and their lives goes to show that
justice new prominence and new mean-
ings, —with a temporary increase of dif-
their minds reach the magnitude of its
power at different times of life regard-
ficulties ?
less of their genius. With all due re-
Jessie E. Guernsey.
spect to the editors of The Crisis, the
reading of Palgrave's collection, Braith-
St. Louis, Mo.
waite's anthology and Max Eastman's
I was glad to learn that a committee
enjoyment of poetry may give a young
is protesting against the Anheuser-
aspiring writer a clearer perception of
Busch Company's posters. his true mission in life, but if he has not
Under date of December 24th I sent the divine spark in his soul, the gift of
the company a protest. Among other the Gods, his efforts in expressing him-
things in their reply they claimed to
self in true poetic terms will be of no
have hesitated a long while but finally
avail for poets are born, not made.
decided to let the caricature appear in
Chas. A. Biot.
their name; and that decision was
reached after consulting several Negroes
who said it would be looked upon as Warren, Ark.
comical and in no way offensive Negroes assembled in Emancipation
I had begun to think I was possibly Celebration instructed us to wire their
alone in taking exceptions. I am glad thanks to you, Mr. Spingarn and the
to find that I have company. Association for the manly fight you
Minnie T. Shores. made to secure a part of the Smith-
Lever appropriation for the farmers
Edmonton, Canada. and your leadership.
I want to thank The Crisis for show-
James W. Eichelberger.
ing me how to vote for principles
rather than parties.
G. J. Jones. Pine Bluff, Ark.
The Arkansas Teachers' Association
Washington, D. C express their appreciation and thanks to
Thanks for splendid articles and edi- you and your organization for your
torials on recent White House incident stand and work on the Smith-Lever
and Oklahoma car case, especially the Bill.
latter. It took bravery to say what was C. P. McLurkin,
said in The
Crisis, but it ought to have W. W. Welsh,
been said and repeated. The continual J. G. Robinson,
carrying of these cases up to the higher Committee.
96 THE CRISIS

Yes, indeed, Iread The Crisis from New York City.

cover to cover. think it is one of the
I I wish to express my appreciation for
best edited magazines that I have ever the splendid editorial on Woman Suf-
seen. It is a rare blend of virile con- frage, published in the April number of
viction and literary quality, a combina- The Crisis. I am greatly touched with
tion seldom found. its generous patience and foresighted
Henry Moskowitz, idealism.
Chairman, Civil Service Board, Viva Boarman Whitehouse,
New York City. Chairman, Press and Publicity Council.
 )

A Statement of the Circulation of THE CRISIS, a monthly maga-

zine, published at 70 Fifth Avenue, New York City

Average monthly circulation, 1914 31,450 By States (U. S.)

Alabama 558
January 1915 28,198
Arizona 166
February 1915 27,201 Arkansas 725
March 1915 28,661 California 579
April 1915 33,921 Colprado 254
Connecticut 409
Delaware 172
District of Columbia 997
Issue of April, 1915 (in detail) Florida 799
By geographic divisions ( U. S. Georgia 903
New England States 1,804 Idaho 6
Illinois 3,388
Middle Atlantic States 6,903
Indiana 1,134
East North Central States 7,730 Iowa 517
West North Central States 2,925 Kansas 665
South Atlantic States 6,006 Kentucky 363
East South Central States 1,885 Louisiana 1,121
Maine 8
West South Central States 4,056
Maryland 645
Mountain States 797 Massachusetts 1,152
Pacific States 933 Michigan 345
Minnesota 387
33,039 Mississippi 453
Foreign* 882 Missouri 1,188
Montana 116
Total 33,921
Nebraska 140
Nevada 15
New Hampshire 9
By agents and news stands 26,269
New Jersey 1,160
Subscribers 7,652 New Mexico 100
New York 2,382
North Carolina 587
North Dakota 21
Incorporated places in the United States
Ohio 2,745
Less than 1,000 population and Oklahoma 866
miscellaneous 1,901 Oregon 70
1,000 to 5,000 1,893 Pennsylvania 3,361
5,000 to 10,000 2,478 Rhode Island 223
South Carolina 718
10,000 to 20,000 2,737
South Dakota 7
20,000 to 30,000 3,332 Tennessee 511
30,000 to 40,000 1,776 Texas 1,344
40,000 to 50,000 1,429 Utah 117
50,000 to 75,000 2,655 Vermont 3
Virginia 844
75,000 to 100,000 1,402
Washington 284
100,000 to 200,000 2,406
West Virginia 341
200,000 to 500,000 3,404 Wisconsin 118
500,000 and over 7,889 Wyoming 23
A. G. DILL, Business Manager.
Sworn to and subscribed before me this 12th day of May, 1915
EDWARD J. BREDEN,
Notary Public, Kings Co., No. 101.
Notary Public, N. Y. Co., No, 113.
* Including 263 to insular and territorial U. S.
 — ;

98 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

What Will You be Doing

Five Years From Today?
Will
What will you be doing five years from today? What will be your earning capacity?
fall, be
the work you are doing now, today, and the work you will probably take up this
fitting

you for a larger earning capacity five years from now?

To the has his own business, or who has finished his profession and who has
man who
settled down to these questions do not apply.
practice, But to the other man young or
old —the has gone through school and who came out without any definite idea of what
man who
by the lure of the_ tips on
his life work is to be; to the man who left school early, attracted
a Pullman car, or at a beach resort, and who never afterwards seemed able to do anything else,
this question is directed: What will you be doing five years from today? Will you always be
a bellman, or a waiter, or a porter? There is no disgrace in being either. All labor is honorable
and some of the finest souls in America today exist beneath a waiter's jacket or a porter's
uniform.

But you, young men and middle-aged men, with ambition and intelligence, who have never _

had a chance to rise, and who have wondered if there was not some other line of work into
which you could go where your worth would be appreciated, and where you could make a
decent living; these questions are directed to you.

Have you ever thought of the wonderful opportunity which the selling of life
insurance offers ? There are over Ten Million of our folks in this country there ;

are not Ten Thousand who have over Five Thousand Dollars insurance on their
lives. Certainly no one can say there are not Ten Thousand colored men able to
carry that much or more. There are, as a matter of fact, Ten Thousand who are
able to carry Twenty-five Thousand Dollars on their lives there are One Hun-
;

dred Thousand men who are able to carry Five Thousand Dollars on their lives
and One Million who could pay for One Thousand Dollars in insurance. These
are stupendous figures, but they are TRUE. You are living over a gold mine,
young man. You are stubbing your toe on a diamond and kicking it out of the
way. The amount of life insurance in old-line companies carried by our people is
so small, comparatively, that insurance books make no record of it. But this
condition is changing. Colored people are awakening to the fact that it is just as
necessary to protect one's wife and child -with life insurance as it is to protect
one's household goods with fire insurance. The organization of this Company
was undertaken to meet this growing need. The fact that in less than two years
we have, in a small area, with a handful of untrained men written over One and a
Half Million Dollars worth of insurance, shows that there is a DEMAND.

There is a golden harvest awaiting the trained solicitor; there is a lifetime of remunerative
high class work in the insurance business. Life insurance soliciting is the best paid hard work
in the world. Prepare yourself and make life insurance YOUR
life work. It takes preparation
—
and constant study and thoughtful work to make good. But the pay on the commission basis
entirely —
is the highest in the world. If we had the MEN, competent, capable, earnest, we
*•
could enter actively every state in the Union where there are sufficient of our people to
•. solicit business.

Prepare now and connect yourself with the only regular old-line legal reserve life
insurance company owned and operated entirely by colored people.
Please \
send me '.

Hi STANDARD LIFE INSURANCE CO.

Amont $ 200 Auburn Avenue, ATLANTA, GEORGIA
Sex '.

a^ Capital Fully Paid - - $100,000.06

Weight \ Over One Million and a Half Insurance in Force
Occupation \^ Issues Policies from $250.00 to $5,000.00
Name •.

Address \ HEMAN E. PERRY, President

(C. June, 1915) \ HARRY H. PACE, Secretary

Mention The Crisis

 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER . 99

1IIIIIII1IIIIIIIII11II1IIIIIIIUIII1IIIIIIII1IIII1W

Normal Work Approved by the State

at Wilberforce
EXTENSIVE IMPROVEMENTS TO BE MADE
Summer Term 1915 to be Omitted
THE Normal and Department at Wilberforce is now one of the institu-
Industrial
Ohio approved by the Superintendent of Public Instruction
tions in the state of
for the training of teachers for elementary and special work.

Teachers graduating from this department will, without examination, be entitled to a

state certificate good in Ohio and recognized in thirty other states.

To better equip the department for its work, extensive improvements and additions to
buildings will be made; shops for the mechanical trades; a hospital building; gym-
nasium and additional accommodations for teachers.
The Summer Term will be omitted during the present summer while these improve-
ments are being made. In future, summer students will have advantage of these
improvements and summer work will have full value, entitling graduates to certificate

===
without examination.

No Summer Session 19 IS ==^=:

REGISTER NOW FOR SESSION 1916
iiiiiiiiiiiiiii

HE esez: 3E
"THE LIFE AND WORKS OF PAUL
rnrr
K To Every Woman
who
writes, one copy of "Ladies
Cyclopedia of Health and
LAURENCE DUNBAR"
Containing his COMPLETE POETI- B H »»«
Beauty." This book contains in-
CAL WORKS, his best short stories, formation indispensable to every
numerous anecdotes and a complete woman; on every subject women are most interested
biography by Lida Keck Wiggins. This in. Tells how to cultivate health and beauty, what
great book should be in every Negro to use and how to use it.
home. Dunbar was the World's Great-
est Negro Poet and his work stands in louis Mccreary
a class alone. Contains 430 pages 60 — 1312 Farnam Street Omaha, Neb.
full-page illustrations Price $1.75 net.
Postage extra AGENTS WANTED.
15c.
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1025 Boll St. Dallas, Texas
—
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Mention The Crisis

100 - THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

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Mention The Crisis
 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 101

Atlanta University YOUNG'S BOOK EXCHANGE

(George Young)
Novel Souvenir Post Cards
Studies of the Colored Authors and Books on Race Problems
Negro Problems a Specialty.
135 W. 135th Street New York City
17 Monograph* Sold Separately
Address Better
ciose', s"it. Is The Ocean House known u
ATLANTA UNIVERSITY CONFERENCE
SEA ISLE CITY
ATLANTA UNIVERSITY :: ATLANTA. GA. The Gordon Sea View, N. J.
Personally managed by Mrs. Lucy Lee. This is
the only property we own on the Atlantic Beach
front. Every room opens on the ocean. Bathing,
The Curse of Race Prejudice boating, fishing, music, dancing. A beautiful view of
the ocean while dining from our new conservatory
By James F. Morton, Jr., A. M. dining room.
Special rates to school teachers for July.
_
An
aggressive exposure by an Anglo-Saxon cham- Write for rates. Address:
pion of equal rights. Startling facts and crushing
arguments. Fascinating reading. necessity for A MRS. LUCY LEE, 5 Plain St., Elmhurst, N. Y.
clear understanding and up-to-date propaganda. Be-
longs in the library of every friend of social justice. After July 1st, The Ocean House, Sea Isle, N. J.
Price 25 cents. Send order to
Season, June 1st to September 30th
JAMES F. MORTON, JR. MILLER'S COTTAGE, Luray, Va.
211 West 138th Street New York, N. Y. In the heart of the mountains; an ideal resort
uniting all city gayeties with the quiet of the coun-
try. Every summer comfort; cool, airy rooms; with-
in five minutes' walk of the great Luray Caverns;
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Booklet on request.
Ten poems by
Effie T. Battle, A.M. . MRS. ALDINA HAWKINS HAINES
Luray, Virginia.
"Mrs. Battle has an individual of melody."
gift
—
book
"You owe
form."
it to
—Editor,
Springfield Republican.
your race to publish your poems in
Southwestern Christian Ad-
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vocate,
"Verses are smooth, graceful, high-minded and clear,
reverent to all truth, appreciative of all beauty and
—
true inspiration." George W. Cable.
Opens May 15th der New
anagement
Sfc

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Okolona, Miss. sea -shore with the gaye-
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SILVER
By one
CHORD POEMS
of the leading poets of the race,
_o
i u i hi
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York City from this de-
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ment. Agents wanted.
For information write C. A. BRECKENR1DGE, Prop.

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Price Telephone 1417 Hammels Arverne, Long Island

THE GRAY PUBLISHING WANTED

CO. Colored men and women to become manufacturers
420 South 11th St., Philadelphia and make a fortune preparing hair tonics, hair oil,
face powders and creams, shoe polishes, chewing gum
IN NEW YORK AT and 20 money making plans. $1.50 brings plans tell-
The CrUil, 70 5th Ave. Young'. Book Exchange, 135 W. 135th St. ing how these formulas made many rich. You can
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IRVING R. THOMPSON
$25.00 PER WEEK 1118 West 18th Street, Lorain, Ohio.

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400 pages, 50 illustrations. Price $1.25 net.
by
in
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Spanish-American se ^$60 WEEKLYRobinson Folding Bath Tub. Big seller. Costs little.
ino plumbing, little water. Weight 15 pounds,
Address: E. A JOHNSON folds into small roll. Full length baths, far better
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than tin tubs. Guaranteed 10 years.
154 Nassau Street NEW YORK forfreetuboffer. Robmoon Cabinet Mfg. Co., -'i'H Factories Bldg., Tolcdo.U.

Mention The Crisis

102 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER
LEGAL DIRECTORY REGALIA
Telephones:
{
^al^W A Race Enterprise
HARRY Manufacturing Badges,
E. DAVIS
Attorney-at-Law Notary Public Banners and Supplies
1607 Williamson Building Cleveland, Ohio for all Fraternal and
Church Societies. Cat-
Office L.D. Telephone 3297 Market
Residence L. D. Telephone 5277-M Market alog upon request.
GEORGE A. DOUGLAS CENTRAL REGALIA C«.
Counsellor-at-Law Jos. L. Jones, Pre».
Rooms 613-614, Metropolitan Building N. E. Corner 8th and Plum Streets, Cincinnati, Ohio
113 Market St., Cor. Washington, Newark, N. J.

General Practice Notary Public LADIES!

WILLIAM R. MORRIS $2.40— Per Day-$2.40
Attorney and Counsellor-at-Law
1020 Metropolitan Life Building
Selling our high-grade Food Flavoring.
Minneapolis Minn. Saucepan Free with each order.

W. HENRY ELMORE, JR.

SYLVANUS H. HART, JR. 510 Carolina Street Chattanooga, Tenn.

Attorney and Counsellor at Law AGENTS WANTED FOR

Practice in all Courts Jacksonville, Fla.
T. McKissick Co's. &
BROWN S. SMITH FAMOUS 90 DAYS TREATMENTS
Attorney-at-Law
Offices: Suite 802 Sykes Block IW. No. No. 2 and No. 3
1,

For Scalp, Hair and Skin

Near Third and Hennepin
Minneapolis Minn. P. o. Box 102, Wilmington, Del.

GEORGE W. MITCHELL
Attorney-at-Law WANTED
908 Walnut Street
Philadelphia Pa. Agents for THE CRISIS. Dignified work.
70 Fifth Avenue, New York.
Tel. 5437 Fort Hill Cable Address, Epben

EDGAR P. BENJAMIN Rogers Silver State Seal

Attorney and Counsellor-at-Law
34 School Street Boston, Mass.
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Mention The Crisis

Attention, Masons!
A New Book of Interest to You

Prince Hall and His Followers

A carefully argued defense of the legitimacy of Negro Masonry in the
United States, with notes and documents, by
GEORGE W. CRAWFORD, 32°
A graduate of Tuskegee, Talladega and Yale, formerly clerk of the
Probate Court of New Haven and now a practicing lawyer there. Mr.
Crawford is one of the best informed Masons in the country.
COMMENTS
From James F.
Rikards, 33°, Most Puissant Sovereign Grand Commander,
A. &A. Scottish Rite :

" 'Prince Hall and His Followers,' written by a scholarly Afro-American, pre-
sents to the Masonic world a treatise on the legitimacy of Negro Masonry that
should be in the hands of every Mason seeking for Truth. The information
contained in the chapter devoted to Prince Hall is alone worth to the young
Mason the price of the book. Brother Crawford's easy and pleasing style
creates in the reader a desire to complete the volume before putting the book
out of his hands."

From Henry A. Spencer, 33°, Grand Master and Grand Commander of

Knights Templar of New York :

"The book fills a long-felt want among intelligent Masons of our Race.
To know that we are right, and to substantiate that fact by intelligent research
and logical statements, is worth more to us than what the other fellow may
say. This is what Brother Crawford's book does ; and it should be in the hands
of every Mason of our Race."

From Jose H. Sherwood, 33°, Past Grand Master of Minnesota and

Deputy Imperial Potentate of Shriners :

"A very strong brief, setting forth plainly the legitimacy of Prince Hall
Masonry, and, as well, a stern call to all Negroes to assume full pride in the
happy possession of a Rite which can show such clear proofs of its contentions."

From William H. Grimshaw, 33°, Past Grand Master of the District of

Columbia and author of "A History of Colored Freemasonry" :

"I have read with great pleasure 'Prince Hall and His Followers.' The book
iswell written, containing clear and convincing diction. The impartial accuracy
with which the facts are marshalled makes the book a very valuable asset
to Masons."

Price One Dollar. Postage Extra.

ORDER NOW AGENTS WANTED

THE CRISIS
70 Fifth Avenue :: :: New York
Mention T»« Cftitu
A Selected List of Books
These prices do not include postage. Postage extra.

House Behind the Cedars. (Charles W. Chesnutt) $1.50

Hazel. (Mary White Ovington) 1.00

The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. (Anonymous) 1.20

Lyrics of Lowly Life. (Paul Laurence Dunbar) 1.25

The Marrow of Tradition. (Charles W. Chesnutt) 1.50

The Sport of the Gods. (Paul Laurence Dunbar) 1.50

Norris Wright Cuney. (Maud Cuney Hare) 1.50

A Narrative of the Negro. (Leila Amos Pendleton) 1.50

Souls of Black Folk. (W. E. B. Du Bois) 1.25

Race Adjustment. (Kelly Miller) 2.00

History of the Negro. (B. G. Brawley) ,.. 1.25

Half a Man. (Mary White Ovington) 1.00

Mind of Primitive Man. (Franz Boas) 1.50

Aftermath of Slavery. (William Sinclair) 1.50

John Brown. (W. E. B. Du Bois) 1.25

Negro in American History. (J. W. Cromwell) 1.25

Prince Hall and His Followers. (George W. Crawford) 1.00

Liberia. (Frederick Starr) 1.00

Facts of Reconstruction. (John R. Lynch) 1.50

Story of the Negro. 2 Volumes. (Booker T. Washington) 3.00

Masterpieces of Negro Eloquence. (Alice Moore Dunbar, Editor) 2.50
Poems of Paul Laurence Dunbar 2.00
The African Abroad. 2 Volumes. (William H. Ferris) 5.00
Afro- American Folksongs. (H. E. Krehbiel) 2.00
Out of the House of Bondage. (Kelly Miller) 1.50

The Colored Inventor. (Henry E. Baker) 15

A Child's Story of Dunbar. (Julia L. Henderson) 25

Address
THE CRISIS
70 Fifth Avenue :: :: New York City

Mention The Ciiiii

EDUCATION
NUMBER
 —

A New Book by Dr. Du Bois

THE NEGRO
By W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS, author of "Souls of Black
Folk," "Quest of the Silver Fleece," "Select Bibliography of
the Negro American," etc.
This the authentic romance of the black man.
is It is a
history of him at once scholarly, earnest and eloquent. He is
considered from the earliest times, and the thread of his fas-
cinating story is followed in Africa, America, and wherever
else it has appeared. To look at the Negro against the back-
ground of his history is to see him in a light fairer than that
in which most Americans have seen him.

256 Pages—3 Maps— Cloth Bound

At the low price of 50 cents net — By mail 56 cents
Dr. Du Bois's new book is the latest addition to a remarkable
series of low-priced new books with which everybody should be-
come acquainted.
These books may be obtained from The CRISIS, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York

The Home University Library

Is made upof new books by leading authorities.
The editors are Professors GILBERT MURRAY, H. A. L. FISHER, W. T. BREWSTER
and J. ARTHUR THOMSON.
Cloth bound, good paper, clear type, 256 pages per ff /\— ««#
volume. Each complete and sold separately - - Ov/L« llCt
"A growing wonder and sound judgment.
of enterprise
Each volume, entirely new, is furnished by an acknowledged
expert is brief enough and plain enough to be readable or
;

even fascinating, scientific enough to be a condensed authority

— and at the nominal price of 50 cents." Hartford C our ant.

SOME SELECTED EARLIER VOLUMES:

EVOLUTION By J. A. Thomson LATIN AMERICA By W. R. Shepherd
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION VICTORIAN LITERATURE
By Hilaire Belloc By G. K. Chesterton
ROME By W. Warde Fowler GERMANY OF TODAY
PROBLEMS OF PHILOSOPHY By Charles Tower
By Bertrand Russell EURIPIDES AND HIS AGE
NAPOLEON By H. A. L. Fisher By Gilbert Murray
THE CIVIL WAR By F. L. Paxson UNEMPLOYMENT By A. C. Pigou
94 volumes now ready. Send for a list

HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY NEW YORK

Mention The Crisis

 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY

JUN28 1915

THE CRISIS
A RECORD OF THE DARKER RACES
PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF
COLORED PEOPLE. AT 70 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY
Conducted by
W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS
AUGUSTUS GRANVILLE DILL, Business Manager

Contents Copyrighted, 1915, by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Contents for July, 1915

PICTURES
COVER. Howard P. Drew, University of Southern California. World's
Champion Sprinter. Photograph from Life.
Courtesy of The San Francisco Bulletin Page
Three Senior Bishops 129
Pictures of Eighty Graduates of Colleges, Professional Schools and High
Schools 130ff

ARTICLES
SOME SCHOOLMEN__ 118
OUR FUTURE LEADERS 137
THE COLORED HIGH SCHOOL 142
MR. B. T. WASHINGTON IN LOUISIANA By V. P. Thomas
of New Orleans 144
SPRING. A Poem By Mrs. C. W. Clifford 136

DEPARTMENTS
ALONG THE COLOR LINE 111
OPINIONS 121
EDITORIAL 129
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COL-
ORED PEOPLE .
'1
147

TEN CENTS A COPY; ONE DOLLAR A YEAR

FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS TWENTY-FIVE CENTS EXTRA
RENEWALS: When a subscription blank is attached to this page a renewal of your subscrip-
tion is desired. The date of the expiration of your subscription will be found on the wrapper.
CHANGE OF ADDRESS: The address
of a subscriber can be changed as often as deftired.
In ordering a change of address, both the old and the new address must be given. Two weeks'
notice is required.
MANUSCRIPTS and drawings relating to colored people are desired. They must be accom-
panied by return postage. If found unavailable they will be returned.
Entered as Second-class Matter in the Post Office at New York, N. Y.
 :

108 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

Atlanta University MOREHOUSE COLLEGE

(Formerly Atlanta Baptist College)
Is beautifully located in the City of Atlanta,
Ga. The courses of study include High
ATLANTA, GA.
School, Normal School and College, with Academy, Divinity School
College,
manual training and domestic science. Among An institution famous within recent years
the teachers are graduates of Yale, Harvard, for its emphasis on all sides of manly develop-
Dartmouth and Wellesley. Forty-five years —
ment the only institution in the far South
ef successful work have been completed. devoted solely to the education of Negro
Students come from all parts of the South. young men.
Graduates are almost universally successful. Graduates given high ranking by greatest
For further information address northern universities. Debating, Y. M. C. A,
athletics, all live features.
President EDWARD T. WARE For information address
ATLANTA, GA.
JOHN HOPE, President

Knoxville College ST. MARY'S SCHOOL

Healthful Location.
Beautiful Situation.
The Best Moral and Spiritual Environ- An
Episcopal boarding and day school for
under the direction of the Sisters of St
girls,
ment. A
Splendid Intellectual Atmos- Mary. Address
phere. Noted for Honest and Thorough THE SISTER-IN-CHARGE
Work. 611 N. 43d St. W. Philadelphia, Pa.
Offers full courses in the following departments:
College, Normal, High School, Grammar School and
industrial.
Good water, steam heat, electric lights, good drain-
age. Expenses very reasonable.
AVOID BAD SCHOOLS
Opportunity for self-help. Educate your children at home under our expert teacher!

Fall Term Began September, 1914. Courses for Adults

For information address
Pupils received at any time. Write to
President R. W. McGRANAHAN Educational Extension School, Box 3194 Station F, Washington, D. C.
KNOXVILLE, TENN. Highly Endorsed. Financially Responsible.

State Summer School WILEY UNIVERSITY

MARSHALL, TEXAS
Recognized as a college of the First Class
Sixteenth Annual Session by Texas and Louisiana State Boards of
will begin July
Education. Harvard, Yale and Columbia
5, 1915 at

the Agricultural and Tech- represented on its faculty students gath- ;

ered from ten different states.

nical College, (formerly
A. & M. College) and con- Strongest Music Department in the West
tinue five weeks.
M. W. DOGAN, President
Write for catalog.
FISK UNIVERSITY
Secure lodging in advance. NASHVILLE, TENN.
Founded 1866
Thorough Literary, Scientific, Educational,
Musical and Social Science Courses. Pioneer
Address
in Negro music. Special study in Negro .life.
J. H. BLUFORD, Director Ideal and sanitary buildings and grounds.
STATE SUMMER SCHOOL Well-equipped Science building.
Christian home life.
GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA
High standard of independent manhood and
JAS. B. DUDLEY, President womanhood. For literature, etc., write
C. W. Morrow, Acting President.

Mention The Crisis

 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 109

"The White Man's Burden"

An Unusual Novel

Would you like to read an interesting story of the day when the Negro
race will lead civilization? Then read

The White Man's Burden

By T. SHIRLEY HODGE
Published by the Gorham Press, Boston
PRICE $1.00. Postage 6 cents

Can be had at the office of

THE CRISIS, 70 Fifth Avenue

"I have read this book with interest and recommend it to my friends. It
has a fine lesson in its breast which is voiced in the concluding- lines 'The :

"
white man's burden is himself.' W. E. B. DuBois.

The Cheyney Training School for Teachers

CHEYNEY, PENNSYLVANIA

Under the management of the Society of Friends. Beautifully located,

healthful, well appointed, and within easy reach of a great variety of educa-
tional institutions, public and private, extending from West Chester to
Philadelphia; representing a wide range of educational problems and
practice.

This school offers to young colored men and women who have a reasonable
secondary school preparation, and who earnestly desire to become teachers,
carefully graded courses in academic work, domestic science, domestic art,
manual crafts and agriculture. Summer school will not be held at Cheyney
during 1915, but will open on an improved basis in 1916. Tuition is free.
Board, lodging, heat, light and laundry privileges are offered for nine
months for $100. The charge for the same during the summer-school
courseis $15. Write for particulars to

LESLIE PINCKNEY HILL, Principal

Mention The Crisis

 110 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER
INTEREST TO VOCAL STUDENTS E. ALDAMA JACKSON
TONE-PLACING AND Graduate Musical Art, Organist and Director
Institute of
VOICE- DEVELOPMENT of Music St. Mark's M. E. Church

Points explained, viz.: Breath in Teacher of Theory and Piano

Singing, Trying the Voice, the Theory course embraces elementary and advanced
Soprano,the Mezzo-Soprano, the Harmony or Counterpoint.
Contralto, Tenor Leggiero or High
Tenor, the Baritone, the Bass, Private or Class Work
Parts of the Vocal Apparatus, the
Mouth, the Tongue, Position when
Studio : 30 W. 132d STREET, NEW YORK CITY
Practising, Position when Singing,
How to Practice, Good Rules for
Singing.
CONCERT SOLOIST
Comment from the conductor of the Paulist Chor-
iaters, the celebrated choral society which received
LULA ROBINSQN-JONES, Soprano
the first prize awarded at the International Singing For terms write 126 West 134 Street, New York City
Contest held in Paris on May 25, 1912:
"Dear Mr. Tinsley:
"I take great pleasure in commending your very
seful and succinctly written book on 'Tone-Placing
and Voice-Development.' Your own appreciation of
the psychology of singing and the fundamental prin-
ciples of the art you have cleverly reduced to a
LINCOLN INSTITUTE
dimple system. Cordially yours,
"Father WILLIAM J. FINN, C. S. P.,

From "Musical
Director Paulist Choristers of Chicago."
Courier," N. Y.: "A very practical
Founded by Negro soldiers Sup- —
littlebook is 'Tone-Placing and Voice-Development,'
ported by the State of Missouri. For
by Pedro T. Tinsley. It contains some very excellent both men and women. Faculty of 34
material and vocal exercises, and should be in the from the best schools and colleges of
hands of all vocal students." the country. College Department, offer-
From "Music News," Chicago, 111.: "Accordingly
his 'Practical Method of Singing' is a most concise
ing four year's course with degree
and practical little manual, containing many valuable Bachelor of Arts Normal Department,
;

vocal exercises. It cannot fail to be helpful to all offering two years' course, followed by
ambitious vocal students."
four years of Standard High School
HELPED HIM GREATLY work, and leading to the Degree
"Since I practised your exercises of 'Tone-Placing
Bachelor of Pedagogy College pre-
and Voice-Development' my voice is more resonant ;

than it has been for years. It seems to me that I paratory course. Music, art, domestic
am getting a new voice." Prof. John T. Layton, science, elocution, agriculture, and
Director Coleridge-Taylor Musical Society, 1722 10th
trades courses. Normal diploma. Life
St, N. W., Washington, D. C.
certificate to teach in the public schools
PRICE $1.00
of Missouri. One of the best schools
Address the publisher: Pedro T. Tinsley, 6448 Drexel
or Clayton F. Summy, 64 E. Van in the country for students of limited
Ave., Chicago, 111.;
Buren St., or Lyon & flealy, Adams and Wabash means. Catalog on request.
Ave., Chicago, 111.

THE NATIONAL TEACHERS' AGENCY Opens September 1st

Through us school authorities, without expense or
delay, get into communication with the strongest and
most carefully investigated teachers in all lines.
Teachers who seek positions or advancement should
register with us and avail themselves of our expert
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN ALLEN
ervice. Prompt and courteous attention to corres- President
pondence. JEFFERSON CITY MISSOURI
B. F. BOWLES, Manager,
2739 Converse Avenue East St. Louis, III.

School Teachers Wanted

We can place 3000 school teachers who wish to
be pleasantly and profitably employed during their
vacation time.
Write us today for ftTll information and free cir-
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3S48 Vernon Ave. (Dent. K) Chicago. 111.

(Tra^o Mark)

Mention The Crisis

 :

THECRISIS
Vol. 10 -No. 3 JULY, 1915 Whole No. 57

IOWA CHAPTER KAPPA ALPHA NU

ALONG THE COLOR LINE

EDUCATION The Slater Fund for Negro Education
r
I
A
HE
larger colored educational insti-
amounts nearly $2,000,000 with an
to

. tutions are endowed as follows

annual income of over $70,000. The
Hampton Institute, $2,709,344. It has Jeanes Fund has an endowment of $1,-
000,000. This makes a total_of ten and
1,060 acres of land and a total income of
one-half millions. It would be fair to
$408,785. Tuskegee Institute has an en-
dowment of $1,942,112; it owns 2,400 assume that about eleven million dollars
of productive funds are invested to edu-
acres of land and received last year
cate ten million American Negroes, out-
$463,294. Talladega has an endowment
side the work of the public schools. Be-
of $185,606, with 800 acres of land and
side this, colored institutions including a
total receipts of $45,215. Atlanta Uni-
versity has an endowment of $101,863
few state schools have $17,810,000 in-
vested in buildings, grounds, furniture
and a total income of $50,196. Leland
University has an endowment of $115,-
and apparatus.
000 and a total income of $1a100. Fisk CThe enrollment of the Colored High
University including the results of its School, Baltimore, Md.-, has reached 658
recent efforts will have an endowment of during the last year. The school is
$430,000; its total income was $96,298 ranked by the United States Bureau of
in 1914. Lincoln University has an en- Education in Class A
of accredited high
dowment of about $700,000 and a total schools. Its graduates are admitted to
income of $43,000. Howard University the best New England colleges on cer-
has an endowment of about $300,000 tificate.
and a total income of $158,000. Gammon CAt the Brick School, N. C. three
Theological School has an endowment of teacher's cottages have been erected dur-
about $500,000 and a total income of ing the year, a $15,000 building for
$26,000. academic work has been finished and a
Three other schools, Lincoln in Ken- steam heating plant installed.
tucky, Brick in North Carolina and Cal- JIT At St. Augustine's School, N. C, a
houn in Alabama have endowments of dormitory has been finished at a cost of
about $100,000 each. The endowment $33,000. This is for girls and has every
funds of 20 other colored schools aggre- modern convenience. An Industrial
gate about $500,000. Building has also been erected and a
 112 THE
water supply provided. The Rev. A. B.
•
Hunter who has been Principal for
twenty-five years has retired from ad-
ministrative work.
C[The Southern Conference for Educa-
tion and Industry is the latest name for.
the organization started by the "Ogden
parties." It will have permanent head-
quarters in Washington and the United
States Commissioner of Education is
Chairman of the Executive Committee.
([Of the 31 college graduates of Lincoln
University this year, 13 will enter the
ministry, 7 will study medicine, 5 will
teach, 4 will take law, 1 will become a
farmer and 1 an engineer.
([The Class Report of the University of
Kansas says that the first colored gradu-
ate of the University, B. K. Bruce, '85,
has in the past fifteen years coached 105
men for West Point, and 86 for Anapo-
lis ;and also coached 120 soldiers and
108 civilians for commissions in the
Army.
CThe Negro Medical Association of
Kansas City, Mo., gives a scholarship of
$50 annually to the ranking graduate of
Lincoln High School.
CR. C. Giles is the first colored student
to reach the Senior Class in the Cornell
University College of Medicine. He has
done this in the face of requests for
resignation, prejudice and other ob-
stacles.
CHilmar Jensen was the victor in an
oratorical contest at Hamilton College,
Clinton, N. Y. He went up from the
Asbury Park High School.
HI. T. Howe from Colby won. the two
first places, in the 100 yard dash and the
220 yard dash at a large track meet of
the New England Intercollegiate Asso-
ciation at Cambridge.
CThe Atlanta University Conference
celebrated its twentieth anniversary at
the recent commencement of the school.
The publications of the conference are
invaluable to those wishing information
about the American Negro.
C Solomon Butler of Rock Island, 111.,
was the chief factor in the defeat of 18
high schools and 200 athletes at Evans-
ton. 111. He equalled the world's record
in the 60 yard dash and in the high
hurdles. He made four first places and
received four medals. Butler will enter
Northwestern University in the Fall.
CRISIS
CIn Spokane, Washington, the Holmes
School won first place" over nine other
schools chiefly through the work of
Gomez Simpson, a colored toy who
scored ten of the sixteen points.
CIn - the Playground Championship
Meet in New York City, P. Bolin, a
colored boy, made an excellent showing.
CIn the meet between the teams of the
Rose Polytechnic Institute and the Indi-
ana State Normal School at Terre
Haute, L. Blake, a colored bov took first
place in every event which he entered.
CJ- A. Martin, President of Alcorn
University, Miss., is dead and has been
succeeded by L. J. Rowan. Alcorn has
just completed a new diningjiall worth
$12,000 and a new steam laundry.
CA graduate from the M Street High
School, Washington, has written the
Freshman Class Song at Radcliffe.
Other graduates have received special
honors this year at Harvard, Yale Wil-
liams, Amherst and Bowdoin.
([At the West Virginia Collegiate Insti-
tute a new dining hall has been erected
at a cost of $40,000. It has a capacity
for 500 students and is fireproof. The
first floor is used for a storeroom and
the third floor for dormitory purposes.
([The State Supervisor of Normal
Schools of Ohio has placed- the Com-
bined Normal and Industrial Depart-
ment at Wilberforce on the list of ap-
proved normal schools for the training
of elementary and special teachers.
Graduates of this Department now re-
ceive a four years' provisional state cer-
tificate, and after two years' successful
teaching a life certificate without further
examination. This life certificate is
recognized in thirty-five states.
([There are twenty-seven colored stu-
dents at the State Universitv of Iowa.
CThe Bellevue Cash Prize for the best
work in surgical anatomy was won by
the only colored student at Bellevue
Medical College, New York City, Arthur
E. Kennedy.
([At the annual meeting of the Georgia
Educational Association, at Macon, Mr.
L. M. Brittain urged more effort on the
part of the state to secure understanding
between the races and better citizenship
among the colored people.
([The new principal of Manassas In-
dustrial Institute. Manassas, Va., is Fred
 ALONG THE COLOR LINE 113

GENERAL HOSPITAL FOR NEGROES, KANSAS CITY, MO.

D. Morton, formerly secretary to Roscoe exhausted he saved her. Several able-

C. Bruce.
C Plans are complete for the opening of
a Native College in South Africa. It
will be ready to receive students July 1.
CThe results obtained, after six weeks'
work with Negro adults, in what are
called moonlight schools, near Winches-
ter, Ky., were most encouraging.
SOCIAL UPLIFT
bodied white men hesitated. The hero's
name was John E. Stoner.
CLast month Mr. Nathaniel Guy and
his company presented at the Howard
Theatre, Washington, D. C, a play
called "The Exile," by E. C. Williams.
The entire production including scenery
and training was by colored people. The
performance was pronounced a success.
HThe General Hospital for Negroes of
Kansas City, Mo., has 250 beds and

"D Jepson of Wheeling has been

S. L.
5,000 patients a year. The medical staff
A^-« made State Commissioner of has 15 colored and 16 white physicians.
Health in West Virginia by the gov- There are 6 colored internes and 30
ernor.
colored nurses. The hospital is

CThe introduced by Senator Hitt in

bill
thoroughly equipped and graduated
three nurses this year from its training
the Tennessee legislature to segregate
Negroes in certain cities of the state has school. Dr. W. J. Thompkins is sur-
been killed. geon-in-charge.
CAn organization of colored people ([[Lemuel Googins who died in Balti-
which owns a tract of land in Scioto more left an estate of $200,000.
County, Ohio, is working for funds to ftAfter a desperate struggle, William
establish there a Home for Aged Colored Sumpter, a colored boy living in Corona,
People. N. Y., rescued from drowning a white
C Atlanta, Ga., has two playgrounds for boy whose canoe had capsized.
the use of colored children during the COn learning that the colored people of
summer. North Adams, Mass., and vicinity ob-
CAn Ohio election bill which required jected to his proposed production of
voters to state their color, has been "The Nigger," Manager Taylor can-
amended so that the word "color" is celled the engagement.
omitted. C Effort is being made to get govern-
<[A colored baby, George E. M. Can- ment aid for a group of people in North
nady, two years old, scored 96.3 per Carolina known as Croatan Indians.
cenr. at the recent Oregon Congress of They are said to be a remnant of
Mothers' baby contest in Portland. Raleigh's lost colony and to have Negro
CA one-armed Negro, who pushes a and Indian blood. Senator Hiram
chair on the Atlantic City boardwalk, Revels came from this group and also
went to the aid of a young woman in a Lewis Sheridan who was with John
dangerous undertow. Though nearly Brown at Harper's Ferry.
114
{[A dailynewspaper of Tampa, Fla., in
an effort to call attention to the business
possibilities in the town, issued a book-
let. Four pages in this were given to the
social and industrial advancement of the
colored population of Tampa.
Cln a tornado which swept over the
southern part of Louisiana the people
killed were largely Negroes. There is
much consequent suffering there.
{[Because of the recent barbarous
lynching at Somerville, Tenn., a mass
meeting of prominent white women was
held at the Nineteenth Century Club of
Memphis, to protest against this lawless
practice.
41 The University Commission on
Southern Race Questions has been meet-
ing in Montgomery, Ala. The Com-
mission visited Tuskegee and spent a
day there.
{[The game of "Hit the Nigger" which
has been popular at summer amusement
resorts, has been forbidden in New
York, by the state legislature.
{[The mayor was the principal speaker
at the laying of the cornerstone of the
Negro Methodist Church, at Thirteenth
Street and Broadway, Louisville, Ky.
{[Before the Philadelphia Association
for the Protection of Colored Women,
Dr. Anna H. Shaw pleaded for suffrage
for colored women as well as white.
Colored women she said labored under
the double handicap of sex and race.
{[Dr. Jacob Feitlovitch of Abyssinia has
brought to the Jews of America a plea
for spiritual aid for the black Jews of
that country.
{[The Civil Rights Bill which passed the
lower house of the Pennsylvania legis-
lature has been amended in Senate com-
mittee. The penalties for violation have
been made much less severe.
{[The mayors of both Nashville and St.
Louis have declared publicly that they
are opposed to any movement which
tends to segregate the colored people.
{[Colored people of Louisville are set-
ting aside the first week in Tune as ten
cent week. The money collected in that
time will be used for the colored
orphans' home.
{[A concert was given in Beth-Phillah
Fourth Moravian Church, New York
City, which is a colored congregation, by
the choir and orchestra of an Italian
THE CRISIS
Presbyterian Church in the neighbor-
hood.
C Public spirited colored people of
Denver are working hard to establish a
sanatarium for the consumptives of the
race in that city.
{["The Clansman" by T. Dixon has
been removed from the shelves of the
Public Library of Bemidi, Minn.
MUSIC AND ART
r\AVID MANNES, the distinguished
*** American has resigned
violinist
from the directorship of the Music
School Settlement of New York, be-
cause of the pressure of his concert
work. Mr. Mannes says "What extra :
time I maygain now, I must devote to
the Music School Settlement for Col-
ored People which I founded and which
is doing such noble work under the di-
rection of J. Rosamond Johnson. I feel
that there too, are virtually unlimited
possibilities and they must be looked
after."
{[Prince Alfred lima, baritone, of the
Von Ende Music School faculty, who is
related to King Menelik of x\byssinia,
appeared song recital on April 26th
in a
at the Waldorf-Astoria. Musical
America says "Huge, swarthy and
:
Orientally impressive the Prince brought
forth a baritone voice mighty in vol-
ume."
{[The closing Recital of the Howard
University Conservatory of Music was
held early in June. Miss Lampton, the
first graduate, showed considerable
musical ability.
{[Mrs. Carolyn Bland-Sheler was the
soprano soloist at the recital p;iven at the
Faith Presbyterian Church, York, Pa.,
on May 27th, and at a recital at Harris-
burg, Pa., on June first. Mrs. Sheler
was assisted by Mrs. Frank M. Hyder,
accompanist.
{[The Ricordi Company has lately pub-
lished a group of songs called "Passion-
ale," the sympathetic lyrics of which are
by James Johnson and the music by
Harry T. Burleigh. The songs are dedi-
cated to tenor singers of prominence.
{[The John Church Company has issued
a new part song for male voices written
by Carl Hahn. The song is a setting of
Paul Laurence Dunbar's "A Song of the
 ALONG THE COLOR LINE
Main," and is said to be one of the most
admirable of this American composer's
compositions.
£A set of excellent violin studies by
Clarence C. White, violinist, has been
announced by C. W. Thompson & Com-
pany, music publishers of Boston, Mass.
H'The Children's Crusade" was the
oratoria given by the Howard University
Conservatory of Music at the third .an-
nual May Festival on May 6th at How-
ard University, Washing-ton, D. C. Miss
Lula V. Childers was the director and
Mr. Roland W. Hayes of Boston, Mass.,
the tenor soloist.
CThe Business Clerks' Association of
Philadelphia, Pa., presented "The
Egyptian Princess," an operetta in two
acts, at St. Peter Claver's Auditorium,
Philadelphia, late in April. The role of
"Alva" was sung by Miss Blanche E.
Williams, soprano.
MEETINGS
"DY an annoying error the Crisis
stated last month that the Eman-
cipation Celebration, which is to take
place in Chicago, would begin in Au-
gust, "1916." This, of course, was a
mistake. The exposition opens in Au-
gust this summer, 1915.
CThe meeting of the Tri-State Dental
Association of the District of Columbia,
Maryland and Virginia will be held at
Buckroe Beach in July, and not in June
as stated last month.
CThe Georgia State Association of
Colored Physicians has met in Augusta,
and the Palmetto Medical Association
of South Carolina at Greenville, S. C.
CThe Negro Business League of Illi-
nois met in Springfield in June.
C Under the auspices of the Negro His-
torical and Industrial Association a
National Negro Exposition will be held
in Richmond, from July 5 to 27. It
will commemorate the emancipation of
the Negro. The committee in charge
will gather industrial exhibits from the
schools of the country. Congress has
appropriated $55,000 for the occasion.
The Common Council of Richmond has
given $5,000 and the State of New York,
$7,500.
CThe Georgia Federation of Women's
Clubs, of which Mrs. Alice D. Cary is
115
president, held its annual meeting in Co-
lumbus, (J., June 10, 11.
CGov. Willis will make
the address of
welcome on behalf of the state to the
Knights of Pythias at Columbus, O., at
the 18th biennial session. Maj.-Gen. R.
R. Jackson expects not less than 7,000
men in cam)). Mr. Robert 1). Barcus is
chairman of the local committee.
C Under the auspices of the Northeast-
ern Federation of Colored Women's
Clubs a large mass meeting was field at
Bethel A. M. E. Church in New York
City.
CWhite and colored people took part in
the Southern Sociological Congress, hekj
at Houston, Texas. The speakers dis-
cussed the condition of the Negro from
many points of view. The attitude of
the white speakers was encouragingly
sympathetic.
CThe Negro Land Grant Colleges will
hold a conference in Cincinnati this
month, where also the National Associa-
tion of Teachers in Colored Schools will
meet.
THE CHURCH
"DISHOP RHINELANDER presided
at the third annual conference of
church workers among colored people in
St. Barnabas Episcopal Church, Ger-
mantown, Pa.
C People attending the West Virginia
Sunday School Association in Charles-
ton, W. Va., were delighted with the
singing of the students of the W. Va.
Collegiate Institute, a school for colored
youths. They had been invited and at-
tended in a body.
CThe mission department of the Meth-
odist Church South, held an Institute in
June for the colored ministers of the
church.
CThe bishops of Mombassa and Ugan-
da have been adjudged not guilty in the
Kikuyu case, by the Archbishop of Can-
terbury. They have been admonished
however, not to repeat the act which
caused so much comment in England
among churchmen there. The trouble
arose when these two bishops met with
workers from other churches in a mis-
sionary conference. There it was pro-
posed to work for a united Christian
Church in Africa. The archbishop says
such an end is to be desired but the time
116
isnot yet ripe. He gave them very defi-
nite rules for their guidance when in
formal meeting with other ministers.
ECONOMICS
A N unfortunate occurrence is the at-
-*•* tempt of a part of the stockholders
of the Dixie Industrial Company to oust
William E. Benson, founder and presi-
dent. This company was founded six-
teen years ago. It is worth about $400,-
000 and has been a notable undertaking.
Mr. Benson charges that a "Negro Edu-
cation Trust" has been opposing him. A
white man has been nominated to suc-
ceed him.
([J. H. Kelly, a colored man, who has
been employed by the Illinois Central
R. R. for 42 years, is chief train dis-
patcher at Carbondale, 111.
([The National Publishing Co. has ap-
pointed Joseph E. Howard, ,. a colored
man, who has been with them 15 vears,
manager of the Chicago branch of the
firm.
([The People's Co-operative Drug &
Mercantile Co. has been formed at
Union Springs, Ala.
([The African Union Co., a colored
importing company, will sell to Ameri-
can merchants, 18,000 mahogany trees
which they have purchased in Liberia.
([Mr. M. A. Hawkins of Baltimore has
invented a music cabinet which will ac-
commodate the largest number of music
rolls to a given space. It has other novel
features.
([A recent by the National
bulletin
League on Urban Conditions Among
Negroes treats of housing conditions
among the colored people in New York.
Some of the evils mentioned,^are munic-
ipal indifference, high rents and so many
old fashioned, dark houses.
([The National Association of Negro
Mechanics has been organized in New
York City. R. W. Fearing and fourteen
other mechanics were the founders and
nearly one hundred members have been
enrolled.
m persons wish the decision had been
PERSONAL
THHE contest for councilman in Balti-
more was very bitter, at the last
election, but Hon. Harry S. Cummings,
who has served many years, was re-
elected.
THE CRISIS
([Mr. Henry Jones, who has been with
m the International Harvester Co. forty-
two years, has been retired on a pension.
([James V. Herring of Syracuse Uni-
versity will conduct an art studio in
Greensboro, N. C, during the summer.
([Father Tolton, the first Negro Cath-
olic priest in the United States will have
his grave in St. Peter's Cemetery
marked by a monument, which will be
paid for entirely by colored Catholics.
([Mr. J. D. Baltimore, teacher of ma-
chinery in the Armstrong Technical
High School, Washington, D. C, has
been elected a Fellow of the Royal So-
ciety of Art, London, England.
([Abram Smith, a colored merchant of
St. Thomas, D. W. I., has been elected
crown member of the legislature in Den-
mark.
([Mrs. Clara Fountain of Hastings,
Neb., recently passed her 115th birth-
day, and is still active. She says she
expects to live to be 125, the age at
which her mother died.
([Senor J. P. Santamarina Of Argen-
tina, spoke at the colored Moravian
Church in New York City on how Cen-
tral and South America had solved the
race problem.
([Miss Hazel Hunches, a colored girl
of Glenwood, la., drew an automobile
in a contest conducted by the.nierchants
of Glenwood.
([Major Wilson Ballard has resigned
from the Liberian Constabulary. With
Mrs. Charles Young and Mrs. Ballard
he left Liberia for Spain in April.
COURTS
r
""HE Supreme Court decided against
I
* Auburn Railroad which refused Car-
roll Johnson the right to dance in a pa-
vilion in Lakeside Park in Auburn. The
railroad will appeal.
Negro who has-been
CJ. S. Anderson, a
healing people in Kingston, Tenn., by
giving herbs in Indian fashion, has been
enjoined from practising in Tennessee.
He is reported to be wealthy. Many
otherwise, as they say his treatment was
in most cases quite helpful.
([Two colored men who were refused
meals by James Poutos, a restauranteur
of Chicago, have sued for $500 each.
([Isaac Collins, Justice of Peace in Pat-
 ;

ALONG THE COLOR LINE 117

terson, and real estate broker, Wra. Hop- which Dwight Moody founded in Chi-

per, lumber manufacturer and Mr. T. cago, objects to colored people in his
H. Williams, have been chosen for the church.
Grand Jury of Passaic County. This is C[A Negro convict who, according to
the first time that colored men have custom, was hired out by the State of
ever served in this capacity in the Alabama to N. B. Burton, a white far-
county. mer, was beaten to death while ill with
{[Three white men have been sentenced pneumonia.
imprisonment in Arkansas for the
to life {[The Colored citizens of Roslyn, L. I.,
murder of an aged Negro, Angus Nee- are making a determined fight to have a
ley. The people in the community said small school set apart for their children,
he carried a good deal of money on his closed.
person. Whatever money he had was CMany colored men living in one dis-
taken by his murderers. trict Kansas City were registered
in
from another and so wereu unable to
vote. This has been explained as a cler-
THE GHETTO error. The
colored people have
ical
"DETTY HICKS, a colored woman of
brought charges and an investigation is
*"* Lucy, Tenn., who worked on the being made.
farm of H. H. Jennings and bore him
eight children, has been declared his
rightful heir by jury. His relations pro- CRIME
duced another will,but this was shown T^HE following lynchings have taken
*- place since our last record In
to be forged. Jennings left $80,000. :

CFar seeing natives, who wish that the Alabama, Jesse Hatch, for assault on a
ruinous consumption of brandy by col- woman; at Princeton, Ky., Arthur Bell,
ored people in South Africa might be accused of assault on a woman at Pine- ;

stopped, are not hopeful that the pres-
ent agitation will be effective. They
point to the small tax on brandy and the
indifference to the illicit trade which
goes on to prove that the manufacturers
wood, S. C, Joel Green; in Kemper
County, Miss., a colored farm worker
accused of writing a note to a white girl
Sam Stephens at Yoccoa, Ga., accused
of attacking a white girl Utes Smith at
;

have the protection of the government. Winnboro, S. C, charged with attacking

CPaul Rader, pastor qf the church a white Woman.

JUBILEE HALL, FISK UNIVERSITY. "BUILDED OF SONG"


COLORED YALE,
SOME SCHOOLMEN
\\T ITH the resignation of James M.
*^ Gregory of the Bordentown M.
T. & I. School, a veteran passes from ac-
tive work. Mr. Gregory was born in Ken-
tucky in 1849. He was educated in
Cleveland and Oberlin and after being
refused entrance to West Point on ac-
count of color finally graduated at How-
ard in the first college class, 1872. He
became teacher of Latin at Howard im-
mediately after graduation and taught
there twenty years. In 1896 he took up
the work at Bordentown where he has
served eighteen years. Mr. Gregory was
for years a member of the Board of
Education of the District of Columbia
and chairman of the committee which
examined all applicants for positions
both white and colored.
Mr. W. R. Valentine succeeds to the
principalship at Bordentown. He was
born Virginia in 1879 but came to
in
New Jersey in infancy. He was gradu-
ated at Harvard in 1904 and began work
in the colored public schools of Indian-
apolis. Here as principal and supervis-
ing principal he has served eleven years.
While here he developed a social center
and vocational school of such a character
:
1915
as to attract considerable attention in the
Middle West. The Popular Educator
for June, 1914, published an article con-
cerning the work. Dr. John Dewey of
Columbia University in his new book,
"Schools of Today," devotes consider-
able space to a description of the work.
The Indianapolis Star says editorially
"His labor and influence have been
felt in every direction and he has made
many friends among white as well as
colored people of the city. His appoint-
ment as principal of the State Industrial
and Agricultural School of New Jersey
is a deserved recognition, and his zeal,
enthusiasm and fine executive ability
should make for efficiency in that posi-
tion."
The Kansas City Journal had recently
an editorial on another veteran educator.
"The retirement of Professor George
N. Grisham after a life time spent in the
education of the Negro children of
Kansas City is an incident that may well
be regretted, not only by the Negro
people of this community but by all
friends of education. Professor Gris-
ham, during bis long years of modest but
effective service, has labored earnestly
 SOME SCHOOLMEN 119

MR JAMES M. GREGORY MR. W. R. VALENTINE

lor the advancement of the intellectual and he is principal of one of the largest
interests of his people. He is recognized colored high schools in the land. **
as one of the most prominent Negro He was born and educated in Cleve-
educators of America and has always land. He attended Western Reserve
represented the best elements of his race, University, received the key of the Phi
both here and throughout the country. Beta Kappa in his junior year and
played on the Varsity base ball team and
on other teams. After graduation he
"As of the Lincoln high
principal
was made librarian and afterward
school for manyyears Professor Gris- organized the instruction in library
ham has raised that institution to the methods.
front rank among the Negro high He was a charter member of the Ohio
schools of the country and has made it Library Association, and in 1905 was
the center of the educational interests of chosen as lecturer on reference work
the race in Kansas City. His friends, before the Ohio Library Institute. Mr.
of both colors, will join in hoping that Williams has been called upon frequent-
the popular instructor's enforced rest documents from
ly to act as translator of
will be beneficial to him and that in at
French, German, Italian and Spanish,
least an advisory capacity he may con-
and was offered a post as translator of
tinue to serve his people for many years
Italian and Spanish documents for the
to come." collection on the Philippine Islands
Principal E. C. Williams of the M. published by the A. H. Clark Company.
St. High School, Washington, D. C, is In 1909 he was offered the principalship
a versatile man. He has recently staged of the M Street Hi?h School, in Wash-
a drama, be has served as librarian of ington, 1"). C. This post he accepted and
one of the largest American universities now fills. Since coming to Washingtor
120 THE CRISIS

nflgP i^irx^H

i wFwM
LIEUT. B. O. DAVIS, 10th CAVALRY, U. S. A. MR. E. C. WILLIAMS

hjg. has been asked to consider a position force as Military instructor, giving that
as organizer and head of the department school again the unique distinction of
of library science in a large state normal being the only Negro institution with a
school in the West military department recognized and
1902 Mr. Williams married the
In maintained by the United States Govern-
eldest daughter of Mr. Charles W. ment.
Chesnutt, the author. Mrs. Williams is The military instruction given is to
a graduate of Smith and has one son. qualify students to be company officers
The national government has re- of infantry, volunteers or militia. The
assigned Lieut. B. O. Davis to Wilber- course consists of three vears' work.

THE HOSPITAL AT TUSKEGEE

 !
NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AT MS HARRY
OPINIONS
CHRISTIANITY FOR BLACKS.
two The white southerneditor of
arraign- the Elizabeth City, N. C. In-
ments dependent certainly has cour-
age. Representing as he does
the great white laboring mass of the
South, his words are peculiarly signifi-
cant :
"We have exploited and oppressed
every weaker people with whom we have
come in contact. We send missionaries
ostensibly to educate and uplift the
heathen, whereas in fact the missionary
is more often just another tool of our
rich manufacturing and mercantile class,
to open up new markets for their goods.
Where the missionary fails with his
spiritual dope, we send in liquor and
opium or some other brand of dope. In
the case of the American Indian we used
liquor. In China we used opium. We
have nearly succeeded in exterminating
the Indian. The Chinaman has worsted
us however by putting a ban on opium
and abolishing its cultivation and use in
his domains. God help the poor Indian
The Chinaman seems to be helping him-
self.
"I say we have got to adopt a different
policy in our dealings with all colored
acres. Retribution is waiting for us just
around the corner, with a terrible club.
I have been wanting to say, for some
time, that we may have attempted to ex-
ploit one race of colored people too
many and we are beginning to find out
our mistake. Not satisfied with our ex-
termination of the red man and subjec-
tion of the black man, we set in to
despoil the yellow man. The yellow man
is beginning to bother us.
"For untold centuries Japan was a
hermit nation. Her people kept to them-
selves on their own little island and
managed somehow to keep the rest of
the world out. They would not build
ships to sail the seas because they did
not want their people to venture into
lands from which they desired no visit-
ors. But in 1853 our president Millard
Fillmore sent Commodore Perry with a
fleet of warships to Japan. We
forced
these little yellow men, at the point of
our terrible guns, to open their country
to our ships and our commerce. I have
heard preachers piously proclaim that
Commodore Perry opened the door of
Japan to Christianity. Perhaps he did.
But what was the result, to lapan?
"Having forced an entrance to the
country we flooded its markets with our
cheap machine made goods, something
to which Japan was not accustomed.
Japan was a land of arts and crafts.
Labor had not been debased and prosti-
tuted by machinery. Japanese wares
were made by hand and every workman
was an artist. They could not compete
with our cheap machine methods. The
result was that the arts and crafts in
Japan were nearly destroyed. Armies
of honest, peaceful Japanese workmen,
unable to compete with us, were thrown
out of employment and threatened with
starvation.
 : :
122 THE
"This story of the panic and hard-
ship we imposed upon this little coun-
try is not generally known. We
are ashamed to put the facts in our
school books. But what Japan did when
she woke up, is quite another story and
now generally well known. Japan has
appropriated our Western civilization
and western business methods and is
beating us at our own game. Now our
Hobsons are running up and down the
country yelling for us to stop the 'Yel-
low Peril,' and out in California and
other Western States white folk are
passing laws to keep these yellow men
from owning land. And we would pass
laws to keep them out of the country
entirely if we had the nerve. But in
dealing with the yellow men we are not
dealing with blacks. There are only
twelve million black men and we can
give them hell but there are six hundred
; was its service with the Pullman Com-
million yellow men all told and their
numbers compel a hypocritical respect.
"The whole history of our dealings
with the colored people of the world is
a hideous phantasmagoria of colossal
errors. In the name of Christianity
and Civilization we have conquered and
oppressed them and a few of our
wealthy class have reaped rich financial
reward in the process. But for the
dirty dollars a few of our rich manu-
facturers, exporters, bankers and rail-
road men have made from this oppres-
sion and exploitation, the bone-headed
mass of us have inherited a world of
trouble."
THE RIGHT TO WORK
north In the South the Negro may
and work for the lowest wages in
;
south the North he is barred from
work or works for wages lower
than white men. The Providence, R. I.
Tribune says
"The son of Abraham Lincoln sat in
Washington the other day and discussed
the Negro problem. It was fitting that
the son of the man who gave his life to
liberate the Negro race from slavery
should speak on that subject^ and what
he said deserves more attention than it
has received.
"When he spoke from the witness stand
under oath at a meeting of the Federal
CRISIS
Commission on Industrial Relations, that
he spoke as the Chairman of the Board
of Directors of the Pullman Car Com-
pany and that he spoke of a social rather
than a constitutional slavery only adds
to the ironic significance of it all.
"Robert Lincoln conceded that the pay
of Pullman porters is at its maximum
just twenty-seven dollars and fifty cents
a month. He was irritated when asked
if he thought that this wage was enough
to support a family in decency, and he
answered with a vigorous negative. He
admitted that the corporation in fixing
the wage scale calculates the gratuities
which passengers are accustomed to pay,
and he took credit for the corporation
from the fact that the original wage was
only fifteen dollars a month. Finally he
declared with emphasis that 'the one ele-
ment in the uplift of the colored race
pany.'
"The shade of the martyred emanci-
pator must have writhed when this testi-
mony was made part of an official record
taken in the shadow of the Capitol by a
Federal Commission. As the most re-
sponsible officer in a corporation which
has never paid less than six per cent.
dividends, with net profits amounting to
one hundred and sixty million dollars,
Abraham Lincoln's son asserted that the
greatest thing accomplished for the bet-
terment of the Negro race has been its
employment at a wage beginning with
fifty cents a day and never passing the
dollar mark, on a system which, in the
eyes of the world outside the Pullman
offices, does more to degrade the em-
ploye than any other allowed by the law
of the land."
A writer in the Scranton, Pa. Tele-
gram adds this
"Rev. G. W. Williams, pastor of the
African Methodist Church, calls our at-
tention to a fact that is not creditable
to thehumanitarian or the Christian side
of the people of this city, and it is that
while we are sending money to Africa,
India and China to Christianize heathens
we are giving no help to the Negro at
our door. In fact, we have locked the
doors of our homes, our offices, our
stores and our factories against the
Negro and at the same time we insist
that he be a law abiding, honest gentle-

OPINIONS
man like our hypocritical selves. We
are such a liberal white people that we
open the schools to the Negro child and
we educate it, and then we refuse to give
employment to the Negro boy or girl we
have fitted for a successful career. Some
years ago we graduated two Negro girls
from our high school and then we turned
our backs on them, and refused them
places in store or in offices and forced
them back to poor colored people who
are illiterate. One of the girls killed the
other and put a bill of costs on us that
we well deserved.
"We brag about freeing the Negro,
yet in this valley we give him no chance
to rise. We even now refuse to permit
him to shine our shoes. Let us tell the
Negro the truth. We are prejudiced
against him, because there is more preju-
dice than charity in our make-up. We
shout and yell, and enact pulpit stunts,
for the Christ who died to free all peo-
ple, and then we bar ourselves against
any relations with the Negro. What
must God think of us when He knows
how we treat the colored people?"
We cannot refrain from quoting an-
other bit from the Elizabeth City, N. C.
Independent:
"The other day I heard a bullet-
headed white man who works in a saw-
mill, make a sneering remark after read-
ing an editorial in which I had insisted
that we must adopt a different policy in
our treatment of the Negro race and
give the Negro a chance to rise instead
of keeping him down. That bullet-
headed poor white man working himself
thread-bare in a lumber shed ten hours a
day for a pitiful pittance of $1.25 a day
couldn't see a pitfall ten feet ahead of
him if it were posted with animated
DANGER signs as big as box cars.
"Emerson said that you can't build a
wall to shut the other fellow out, with-
out shutting yourself in. The same pro-
position has been stated in another way
by a prominent educator : 'To keep a
fellow human being in the ditch, you
have got to stay in the ditch with him.'
That is everlastingly true. And so the
poor bone-headed white man who works
ten hours a day at back-breaking labor
in a saw mill and who has to support his
wife and children in squalor on this
miserable wage, is getting only a $1.25 a
:
123
day because the saw-mill man can hire
'niggers'for the same work for $1.25
a day. And the saw mill men encourage
the poor white man to hate the 'nigger'
and help keep the 'nigger' down. The
saw mill man living in comfort has the
leisure to figure out for himself that just
so long as he can keep the Negro down,
he will not have to bother about keeping
the poor white man down. If this isn't
as true as any gospel that ever circulated
in an Oxford binding, then 111 eat the
Lizard and risk a violent death from old
fashioned cholera morbus."
RACE PREJUDICE
four The New York Call relates
points of this incident
vilw It was near the close of
the noon hour and the
pupils of one of our biggest public
schools clustered about the gates wait-
ing for the fatal moment when it
would become imperative for them to
leave the joyous freedom of the street
and hurry back to their cabined and con-
fined life of the classroom. As we ap-
proached the surging, shouting, gesticu-
lating mass of youth we were struck by
a sight which made us stop short and
gaze our fill before going on again.
"Leaning against the steps of the
school were two young girls of about 15
years of age. Their arms were lovingly
intertwined and their hands tightly
clasped. One of them was a lovely
creature with the fairest skin, big blue
eyes and blond curls caught back with a
big pink bow that matched her tasty pink
dress. The other was a Negress, black
and uncomely as can be imagined, with
her kinky hair brushed into an orderly
pig-tail, and her costume a cheap white
shirt-waist and rusty black skirt. There
they stood with that air of ecstatic in-
timacy that marks the friendships of
girls in their teens, the white hand clasp-
ing the black, the blond curls blowing
tenderly against the despised 'wool.'
"A painter should have immortalized
them as they stood there and called them
—
'America' the America of our dreams.
For they were a symbol of all America
could be and some day will be a real —
democracy that knows not race nor color
nor creed nor class. Already they sit
 :
124 THE
together, the black girl and the white, in
that great institution of democracy, the
free school, that first, faint promise of
all the state will one day do, collectively,
for its own.
"It was a sight good for the soul in
these troublous days, infinitely sug-
gestive and hope inspiring. It was an
earnest of the Human Sisterhood that
is to be."
This arouses the ire of the Louisville,
Ky., Times
"With hysterical sentimentalists writ-
ing in this fashion, of what avail are
the words of Booker Washington, the
Mentor of the black race, who only a
few days ago said to an audience of
Negroes in New York that the chief
drawback to the colored man in the
United States is that he 'doesn't want
to be black and can't be white.' He pro-
ceeded further to admonish the Negro
to stick to his race and not try to 'ape
white folks.'
" 'If one of your race opens a store,'
Washington told them, 'patronize him,
bring others to him and help him push
his business.'
"There is sound sense in that argu-
ment, but we can only pity the misguid-
ed humanitarians (?) who see in the in-
timacy of the black and the white girl
the augury of a beautiful 'human sister-
hood' to be. Booker Washington's
theory of the ultimate salvation of the
Negro is hard work and the faculty of
keeping out of the white man's territory.
The blacks may achieve a great deal if
they pursue the course mapped out for
them by the Tuskegee educator, but if
they listen to the siren songs of writers
who prate of the 'ecstatic intimacy' of
the white girl and the Negro they will
fall short of their goal, at least so far
as the South is concerned with their
case."
J. D. Barry, the widely
known syndi-
cate writer says in the San Francisco
Bulletin:
"Several weeks ago I printed an
article on the magazine for colored peo-
ple, The Crisis, published in ,New York
and edited by William E. Burghardt Du
Bois, speaking of its literary excellence
and of the interesting way it reflected
the steadily increasing development of
the colored people in this country. Some-
CRISIS
what my surprise I received from
to
many colored people letters of thanks,
some of them pathetic in their eagerness
to respond to a friendly word from one
outside their race. Those letters gave
me a sense of the isolation of the colored
people in this country, the loneliness, the
feeling of being shut out from so much
in life that ought to be within their
reach.
"I suppose there are few forces in the
world so hard to deal with as race preju-
dice and few forces so harmful to indi-
vidual character and to social co-opera-
tion. Behind the war of 1914, which
looks as if it might be the war of 1915,
too, and of several more years, works
this terrible creating, sustaining,
force,
and trying to justify the havoc.
Its be-
ing so insidious makes it hard to reach.
Somehow if is in the air. Children draw
it in with their breath
"With many of us the prejudice
against the Negroes isdue to unfamili-
arity. It is likely to be fortified by pre-
judices of association, not unrelated to
economics. Generally speaking, the
Negroes are poor. They live apart.
From the point of view of conventional
prosperity, they belong among the alien
people. It is natural, then, for those
who seldom see them and never see them
at closerange to regard them as humanly
different from themselves, perhaps as
not quite human. This kind of false
thinking is common. It prevails often
among people of the same race, the same
kind of inheritance, living under more or
less similar conditions, perhaps in the
same town.
"One often hears successful people,
for example, say of servants something
like 'They don't feel as we do. They
:
are not like us.'
"Often they are right. But if the dif-
erences and distinctions were to be ex-
amined credit would not always go to
the successful. Moreover, the contrasts
would be found to be largely superficial,
due to the effect of conditions outside.
"There are those now who frankly
say of the Negroes that they are funda-
mentally and essentially different from
the white people and must always remain
so. Some of them used to go so far as
to declare that the Negroes were in-
capable of being highly educated and

OPINIONS
thoroughly civilized. They have ceased
to make themselves heard. They know
that their arguments would be shattered
by example after example drawn from
colored people of at least two genera-
tions. Moreover, even while statements
of that kind were fre'ely made in this
country, there were throughout the
world plenty of examples of women and
men who showed that the statements
were wholly gratuitous and absurd.
"Many of us who have known colored
people are aware that, like all the down-
trodden races, they have been slandered.
The very people who have helped to de-
base them have declared that the debase-
ment was according to nature. In a sense
they were right. But the debasement
was according to the nature, not of the
colored people, but of the white people.
"Nothing is easier than to attribute to
God iniquities that are encouraged by
men, except, possibly, attributing to God
superiorities that are the result, not of
inherent merit, but of the culture result-
ing from worldly advantage.
"The prejudice against color in skin
is one of the most peculiar of all preju-
dices but it has got such a hold on us
; man, but let them live in their own com-
that many people cannot see even its
peculiarity. They, too, confuse it with
what is natural, with instinct. And yet,
if they stop to think, they must see how
absurdly it can contradict itself. For
example, among white people there is no
prejudice against other white people who
happen to be of very dark complexion,
with black hair and black eyes, and with
brown skin. On
the contrary, members
of this type are often considered fine
looking and greatly admired. Besides,
what is there in a white skiruthat estab-
lishes its pre-eminence? We
actually
have a kind of feeling against it our-
selves when it is very white. Certain
kinds of whiteness we associate with
weakness and disease. We hear mothers
lamenting because their children are so
pale and we hear expressions of concern
over pallor in grown-ups.
"Is it not possible that the time will
come when whiteness of skin will be con-
sidered a mark, not of superiority but of
inferiority?"
To this we may append a frank letter
sent to the St. Louis Post-Despatch by a
defender of a proposed Negro ghetto:
:
125
"Would you care to have your
daughter or son placed in the same seat
at the same desk in school with a Negro
boy or girl, as is done in some Eastern
cities? Would you care to share your
family pew in church with a Negro
family? Yet that is practically what
your advocacy of your colored brethren
will lead to if continued to its final analy-
sis. There is an article in a morning
paper written by a lady living at the
Buckingham Hotel, condemning 'class
she calls it.
legislation,' as I'll venture
to assert she would scorn a seat at the
same table or occupy a suite of apart-
ments next to a Negro family, yet that
is just what you and she are asking of
the white residents of St. Louis. Re-
member, I am not opposed to Negroes in
an educational or any other sense in —
their proper place. Many Negroes un-
doubtedly are far better educated than
the undersigned. Many have accumu-
lated more wealth (which would be ex-
tremely easy). But I vehemently pro-
test against recognizing them as my
social equal. Educate them to the ut-
—
most the better education the better the
munities.
"Miscegenation is unlawful in this
country. Thus by law the Negro is de-
clared to be inferior to the white.
-
Socially the law should draw the same
distinction."
ES
THE WAR
effect on What effect will the Great
prejudice War have on color preju-
dice? Saint Nihal Singh,
writing in the Southern Workman, says
"The necessity that has led to the em-
ployment of colored soldiers on the Con-
tinent of Europe, deals a shattering blow
racial prejudices. After the war is
to
over, the position of the dark people in
the political economy of Greater Britain
and Greater France will never be the
same that it was before the conflict took
place. The destiny of the Indian sub-
jects of the British Empire and the
Negro citizens of the French Republic
isbound to be completely re-shaped as
the aftermath of the war. Hints of it
have already begun to appear in the
British and French press, even though
both the nations are engaged in a life
 : : :

126 THE CRISIS

and death struggle and have no time
think of any constructive work.
"In thus writing about the issues that
have led to the employment of dark-
to issues of the greatest war on record. No
wonder that prince of financiers, the
Right Honorable Lloyd George, refers
to it as substantial aid and we join with
;

skinned soldiers on the Continent, and of
their behavior on the battlefield, I have
not sought to glorify war. Carnage is
utterly repugnant to every humanitarian.
All I have attempted to do is to show
that good may come to the colored races
out of this ghastly struggle in Europe.
The war which has stirred up strife be-
tween white man and white man, may
serve to reconcile the Caucasian to his
dark-faced brother."
Joseph Edgar Chamberlin in the New
York Evening Mail doubts this conclu-
sion :
"Alas Negro troops have done all
! of recognition be made?
this, much, before, and their
or as
courage has availed them little in the
way of social advancement. From the
earliest dawn of history, _in ancient
Egypt, Negro troops have been cele-
the millions of British subjects in ex-
pressing satisfaction in using it for sup-
pressing the enemy of the World's
peace. But there is a phase of the sub-
ject that should be noted, and that is the
mass of African labor that has made it
possible to win so much gold from
mother earth, that labor has made it
possible to apply the great means of ex-
change to the great national purposes
that are now demanded of Britain. And
as that giant native labor has so faith-
fully served, and is still serving, shall
no notice be taken of it, shall not a word
For just one
reason, that Britons show that they do
not wish to foster meanness."
The Toronto Globe says, finely
"There must be no world-mastership
by any nation not German, nor Rus-
:

brated for intrepidity in battle but they; sian, not Oriental, not American, and,
have achieved no equal position with all please God, not British. No nation is
their fighting. It may be said that our good enough to stereotype the national
own civil war advanced them greatly, aspirations of humanity. No race is
and that the ballot was the answer to pure enough to make its life blood the
their fierce bravery, their perfect sacri- motive power of all the world. No peo-
fice, in the pit of death at Fort Wagner ple are so near perfection that their cul-
and on other fields of battle. But when ture is fit to dominate civilization. When
the war was over, this service was soon any nation sets itself to mold all peo-
forgotten, and the Negro race in ples after its own fixed type the Great
America has boon of the ballot
lost the Lord God does as He has done many
in about half of the United States. times in history He smashes the pat-
:

"Negro troops, with splendid courage tern and begins again.

rind coolness, saved the day at Las Guasi-
simas, in the Spanish war, and fought at "Partnership, not antagonism ! Co-
San Juan Hill and El Caney -with hero- operation, not conflict ! Law, not force !

ism unsurpassed by any white organiza- Justice, not power ! Equality for all, be-
tion. But it would be hard to say in cause mastership for none For ! that
what place or in what manner that re- Britain is ready to die. For that Amer-
cord of intrepidity has socially or politi- ica ought to be fit to live. Nothing less
cally advantaged the race. is worth while. Nothing else matters."
"France is about the only country that
gives equality to the colored man and ;

presumably, in that country, the service THE WRITHING SOUTH

of the Senegalese will not be forgotten. cross The South cannot remain
But in the white world at large, no shat- currents forever Evi- provincial.
tering blow will be dealt to racial preju- dences of moral "Sturm und
dice as a result of it." Drang" multiply. The Flouston, Texas,
The Ilanga Lose Natal, a native paper Post says
of South Africa says "The Shreveport Times is greatly dis-
"The enormous quantities of gold that appointed that the investigation into the
have been sent from South Africa to disgraceful lynchings that occurred in
England have materially affected the Caddo parish last December has been

OPINIONS
without results up to the present time.
At the time of the crimes, which aroused
the indignation of the good people of
Shreveport, it was declared that nothing-
would be left undone to bring the mem-
bers of the mob to justice. A
public in-
quiry was instituted by the attorney .
general of Louisiana and this was sup-
plemented by the secret investigation
of two grand juries.
"The Times tells us that neither grand
jury returned indictments and it is
feared the probes are at an end and the
matter will be dropped.
"Of course, the whole matter will be
dropped. That is exactly what the
Post said in discussing the lynchings at
the time of their occurrence.. That al-
ways happens. Lynching probes always
prove fruitless, and after the first wave
of public indignation subsides the offi-
cers quickly cease their efforts. That
is not all. If the grand jury had re-
turned indictments, the members of the
mob would not have been convicted.
"And be it known that the failure of
justice in these mob murders is in no
sense due to mystery. We
daresay that
hundreds of men in Caddo parish know
the men who are responsible for the
murder of the victims. The officers, or
some of them, know at least some of the
men who were implicated. For reasons
satisfactory to themselves they simply
prefer to let the matter drop.
"An officer who would run down
lynchers, secure the evidence and put
them in jeopardy, would risk his official
tenure. The
lynchers, their families and
friends would not only be able to defeat
officers of diligence, but the witnesses
would know that their testimony might
subject them to serious trouble at the
hands of their guilty neighbors.
"There are people who seem to think
that a large number of men have some
sort of right to take the law into their
hands and execute men suspected of
crime or known to be guity of it, and
men in office feel that it is not safe to
attempt to convict an entire community.
Moreover, when the victims of the mob
happen to be Negroes this question, is
occasionally heard 'Why should sub-
: tics —
stantial white men be hanged or im-
prisoned for putting a Negro criminal
to death, anyway?'
: :
127
"And yet a Negro has just as much
right to a fair and impartial trial as a
person of any other race. No mob has
a right to execute him. . . .
"Caddo parish and the State of
Louisiana stand before civilization dou-
bly disgraced, first, because of the
brutal lynching and, second, because
they have permitted the cowardly mur-
derers to go unpunished."
The same paper commenting an a
speech by a Southern man says
"The white people of the South are
gradually reaching this wise and Chris-
toward the Negro
tian attitude race, and
they must press on until they attain the
full measure of duty to the 9,000,000
people of African origin who inhabit the
South.
"We are beginning to see that neglect
of the Southern Negroes is as injurious
to the whites as it is to the blacks, that
it is to our moral, material and economic
interest to conserve their welfare and to
aid them in every possible way to attain
better standards of living.
"But it is the "debt of justice that
strikes the high note of Christian duty.
It is wicked to be unjust to anybody,
but it is wickedness compounded to be
unjust to the weak, the humble and the
helpless.
"There are no two standards of jus-
tice. There can never be buLone stand-
ard that God, conscience and history
will approve. These few sentences we
quote from Dr. Riley's address were
worthy the great and brilliant preacher
that he is."
The Mobile (Ala.) Register strikes
the same note, quoting a third paper
"It is a timely appeal the Vicksburg
Herald makes to the white men of Mis-
sissippi, and, incidentally, to the white
men of the South, to take a broad view
of the so-called Negro quesjjon, recog-
nizing that where two races must con-
tinue to live side by side, sound reason
dictates that the true modus vivendi be
found and followed.
" 'In Mississippi, and the w.hole South
practically, the Negro millions have
been, and rightly, eliminated from poli-
-wisely for him and the whites, the
door of public affairs has been closed on
the descendants of the slaves. The
Herald's regret is that the same law of
 :
128 THE
the color line does not prevail over the
whole nation. But when this is said,
when all the evil that was forced on the
whites in the name of race equality has
been undone, is not the South's case in
equity won and closed ? In' view of the
successful modus vivendi set up by the
constitutional convention of 1890, its
subsequent affirmance by the United
States Supreme Court, with the virtual
acquiescence of the Republican Party,
should not right and just thought be en-
listed in giving to the Negro millions
over whomwhite laws and white offi-
cials rule, asquare and kindly deal? Is
this not self-interest as well as duty;
moral and political? Is not the content-
ment of the Negro with his lot in the
South's social and industriaj life, his
friendly regard for the superior race, a
proper thing for a self-respecting and a
"
Christian people to cultivate ?'
Three extraordinarily pig-headed, but
equally striking quotations follow
"The day is coming in the South when
every community will have an indus-
trial or training school for Negroes.
Untold energy now lying dormant can
then be utilized, energy that is now be-
ing wasted. Trained, capable servants
are a great blessing to a country, while,
on the other hand, untrained and incap-
able servants are a burden upon the
people.
"But whose fault is it that the Ne-
groes are not being so trained? Not
theirs,surely. Every county in the
South should establish a school in which
the Negroes would be taught how to
scientifically cook, sew, care for chil-
dren, plant and harvest a crop, or to
follow the many other vocations o£ the
Negro. When this is done, the Negro
people will be much happier, much more
contented, and a much better people
mentally, morally and physically than if
they spent their school years trying to
find out why Napoleon was defeated or
why Brutus came to bury Caesar and
not to praise him.
"Now and then through life we have
seen a cat that would cross a body of
water by swimming; but rarely have we
ever seen a Negro whose head was filled
with Latin and Greek that didn't look
like a bull frog that had swallowed a
frying-size chicken.
CRISIS
"It is truly the duty of the southern
people to establish these training schools,
unless they want to try the experiment
of making preachers and professors out
of every member of the Negro race. No
one has ever yet found that bag o'f gold
at the end of the rainbow, and it is time
that the human race evolved out of that
stage of the experimental." — Quitman
(Ga.) Advertiser.
"In making an unfavorable report on
the bill which seeks to prohibit Negroes
from practising law in the courts of
Florida, which passed the house by a
large vote, senate judiciary committee B
acted wisely and fairly. It is probable
that a majority of the senators hold the
same attitude and will kill the bill.
"There is no valid reason why an
honest Negro should not be allowed to
practise law or any other profession in
Florida, and there is every reason why
he should be encouraged to develop his
talents along professional and other
lines. In case a Negro lawyer acts dis-
honestly with his clients, he is invariably
disbarred on short notice. It is cause
for regret that, for the benefit and honor
of the profession, white lawyers of the
'shyster' class —and there are many of
—
them are not dealt with as summarily."
— Tampa (Fla.) Times.
"Although in some quarters, and in
other sections of the country, there is a
disposition manifested to glaze it over
and make out as if it were non-existent,
the fact is that racial difference and
racial feeling, tracing their origin from
a remote ancestry, are among the most
powerful feelings and motives that act-
uate mankind to-day. The men of the
South frankly recognize this fact, and
they have relegated the Negro to a
sphere where they are willing to help
him to work out his own salvation, but
at the same time they have erected and
set a line and a mark across which the
Negro shall not cross save at his peril.
They believe that their attitude is cor-
rect and it is right, and certainly the
southern people have happily shown no
sign of abandoning or of weakening one
jot or tittle their hereditary and their
traditional policy that they received
from their chivalric forbears those —
cavaliers of the antebellum days." El—
Paso (Tex.) Morning Times.
 EDITORIAL
THREE SENIOR BISHOPS the power of presiding added to a char-

of the late Daniel A.

•
HE power of the arch- acter like that

episcopate in the African Payne gives to the senior bishop large

M. E. Church depends and controlling influence in church cir-
almost entirelyon the cles. It is not too much to say that

personality of the Senior Bishop Payne became in his late years a

Bishop. Legally the real archbishop of the church.

bishop longest in service simply has the

None of his successors have wielded
so great power. The late Henry McNeil
power of presiding at the bishops' coun-
cil, which is the highest permanent tri- Turner who recently died at the ripe age
bunal in a church of 600,000 members. of eighty-two was a man of tremendous
force and indomitable courage. As army
In fact, however, length of service and
 130 THE CRISIS

GRADUATES OF LEADING COLLEGES

1. H. S. KEELAN 2. D. E. RIVERS 3. C. H. HOUSTON 4. J. W. E. BOWEN, JR. 5. W. R. R.
GRANGER, JR. 6. WILLIS N. HUGGINS
 EDITORIAL 131

GRADUATES OF LEADING COLLEGES

1. MISS M. S. BECK 2. E. A. BROWN 3. G. A. JOHNSON 4. F. M. SUMMERS
5. MISS G. HODGES 6. E. M. A. CHANDLER
 ;

132 THE CRISIS

chaplain, pastor and bishop he was al- ful if the proportion of our population
ways a man of strength. He lacked, in school is as large to-day as it was ten
however, the education and the stern or twenty years ago. As a race we are
moral balance of Bishop Payne. In a still kept in ignorance far below the
sense Turner was the last of his clan: average standard of and of
this nation
mighty men, and mentally,
physically the present age, and the ideals set be-
men who started at the bottom and ham- fore our children in most cases are far
mered their way to the top by sheer brute below their possibilities and reasonable
strength they were the spiritual pro-
; promise.
geny of ancient African chieftains and is true not by accident but by
This
they built the African church in design, and by the design not. so much
America. Daniel A. Payne on the other of the laboring white masses of the na
hand represented the spiritual purity and tion but rather by the design of rich and
high ideals of this church and by his own intelligent people, and particularly by

wish his successor and rightful heir those who masquerade as the Negroes'
is the present Senior Bishop, Benjamin "friends." Their attack on real educa-
F. Lee. tion for Negroes is in reality one with
Benjamin Lee was born in the cele- their attack on education for working
brated Gouldtown Settlement of New men in general and this is part of the
Jersey in 1841 and was President of great modern attack upon democracy.
Wilberforce University and editor of Of course, this movement masquer-
the Christian Recorder before he was ades as industrial and vocational train-
raised to the bishopric twenty-three ing in an age which is preeminently in-
years ago. It is to be hoped that under dustrial and busy. It is thus difficult

Bishop Lee we may see the power of the for the average colored man to descry
archbishop of African Methodists raised its and tremendous dangers to
persistent
and expanded. our ultimate survival as a race and as
American citizens.
EDUCATION m
The Persistent Onslaught The Basic Injustice

HE quiet insidious per- O one denies that beneath

sistent attempt to keep the basic demand for in-
the mass of the Negroes dustrial and vocational
in America in just suf- training lies truth . and
ficient ignorance to ren- fundamental truth, but
der them incapable of that on this truth is be-
realizing their power or resisting the po- ing built to-day a superstructure of
sition of inferiority into which the bulk falsehood and injustice also too clear to
of the nation is determined to thrust the thinker. It is the duty of all men to

them was never stronger than to-day. work and this work usually renders a
Let us not be deceived. It is true that service to the community for which the
our illiteracy has decreased enormously community is willing to pay with serv-
and is decreasing and that the number ices and materials in return. Sometimes,
of our children reported to be in school to be sure, the community does not rec-
is larger than ever before. At the same ognize the value of valuable work
time our illiteracy has not decreased as sometimes it pays ridiculous pittances
quickly as it might have and it is doubt- for work of the very highest value and
 EDITORIAL 133

unfitted thereby from continuing his day are for men and not men for ma-
education at any recognized modern in- chines, while on the other hand because
on the other hand it again and again of the mechanical and industrial age
pays extortionate returns for services through which we have passed there is
that are negligible or even absolute dis- grave lack of deep intelligence and char-
service. Nevertheless the average man acter. While then we teach men to earn
must be trained for work which the a living, that teaching is incidental and
average community will reward with a subordinate to the larger training of in-
living wage. In these days of intricate telligence in human beings and to the
technique such training cannot be ac- largest development of self-realization
quired by chance or as a side issue or in men.Those who would deny this to
as an after thought. It must form an the Negro race are enemies of mankind.
integral part of every person's educa-
tion. "Therefore," says the principal of
The Result
the school with the largest Negro at-
tendance Harlem, "I am going to
in
HE result of limiting the
education of Negroes
train these Negroes as cooks and garden-
under the mask of fitting
ers."
them for work is the
slow strangulation of the
The Basic Fallacy Negro college. Howard
UT wait; is work the ob- to-day is dependent Upon the precarious
ject of life or is life the support of the majority in Congress Fisk ;

object of. work? Are has an endowment which looks ridiculous

men to earn a living or beside that of Hampton and Tuskegee.
simply to live for the Atlanta has almost no endowment. None
sake of working? Is of the five major Negro colleges have
there any justice in making a particular today any solid financial prospect for
body of men the drudges of society, growth and development. Not only that
destined for the worst work under the but they are regularly sneered at by men
worst conditions and at the lowest pay, who dare not raise their arguments
simply because a majority of their fel- above a sneer. We hear again and again
low men for more or less indefinite and repeated the usual lie that these colleges
superficial reasons do not like them? are persisting in the curriculum of fifty
Manifestly life, and abundant life, is years ago. As a matter of fact practic-
the object of industryand we teach ally all of these colleges are conforming
men to earn a living in order that their to the standard of education as laid
industry may administer to their own down by the highest authorities in this
lives and the lives of their fellows. If, country. What they are really asked to
therefore, any human being has large do is to adopt a course of study which
ability it is not only for his advantage does not conform to modern standards,
but for the advantage of all society that which no modern system of education
he be put to the work that he can do will recognizeand which condemns the
best. To assume that ability is to be student who takes it to end his education
measured by so-called racial character- in a blind alley. It is the unforgivable
istics —
by color, by hair or by stature sin of some of the greatest so-called in-
is not only ridiculous but dangerous. dustrial schools that the boy who is in-

To-day we can afford to look carefully duced to take their course is absolutely
134 THE CRISIS

NORTHERN COLLEGE GRADUATES

1. MISS WOODSON, CINCINNATI 2. WHITEHEAD, WESTERN RESERVE 3. MISS WILLIAMS,

CINCINNATI 4. CARSON, OHIO STATE S. TYLER, OHIO STATE 6. WRIGHT, HARVARD

7. HUNTER, ANTIOCH 8. STEWARD, ARMOUR 9. JEFFRESS, TUFTS 10. BURCH. OHIO
11. STRADFORD, COLUMBIA 12. HAYES, BROWN
 EDITORIAL 135

NORTHERN COLLEGE GRADUATES

1. ADAMS, DARTMOUTH 2. MISS MILLER, KANSAS 3. McGRUDER, DARTMOUTH 4. MISS
McDANIEL, KANSAS BROWN, SYRACUSE 6. MISS CARTER, KAN. STATE AG. 7. MISS
5.

GILLESPIE, ALLEGHANY 8. ROSS, NEBRASKA 9. MISS CHRISTBURGH, KNOX 10. FREE-

MAN, WILLIAMS 11. MISS GREENE, WESTERN RESERVE 12. DONALDSON, HILLSDALE
 ! ! :

136 THE CRISIS

unfitted thereby from continuing his North, is that there is "no opening" for
education at a recognized modern in- them in the higher ranges of the indus-
stitution. This is a crime against child- trial world For this reason opportuni-
!

hood for which any nation ought to be ties even for the best industrial training
ashamed. are persistently denied colored students.
Who are the men who are planning Trade schools in many of the large cities
the new Negro curriculum? Are they have the habit of forcing colored stu-
educational experts learned in the theory dents who apply into the courses for
and practise of training youth ?
'
No, domestic service or sewing on the plea
most of them never taught a child or that millinery, carpentry and various
held any responsible place in a school lines of mechanical work offer no oppor-
system or gave the subject any serious tunity for colored folk. Surely this re-
study. Are they friends of the Negro duces the argument for industrial train-
desiring his best interests and develop- ing to rank absurdity and the cause of
ment? No, they are friends of the real, honest industrial training deserves
white South and stand openly committed more sensible treatment than this.
toany demand of the white South.
The
latest attack on Negro education Our Attitude
comes from Philadelphia. Very adroitly N all these arguments and
and cunningly the Negroes have been actions there blazes one
massed in segregated schools. Now great and shining light
"industrial training" is to be introduced the persistent army of
in the Negro schools and a representa- Negro boys and girls
tive of a leading southern industrial pushing through high
school is on hand to advise school and college continues to increase.
Do Negroes oppose this because they Negro mothers and fathers are not beiir
are ashamed of having their children They know that
entirely deceived. intel-
trained to work? Certainly not. But and self-development are the only
ligence
they know that if their children are com- means by which the Negro is to win his
pelled to cook and sew when they ought way in the modern world. They persist
to be learning to read, write and cipher, in pushing their children on through the
they will not be able to enter the high highest courses. May they always con-
school or go to college as the white tinue to do so ; and may the bright, fine
children are doing. It is a deliberate faces on these pages be inspiration to
despicable attempt to throttle the Negro thousands of other boys and girls in the
child before he knows enough to protest. coming years to resist the contemptible
before
m temptation
this race to train its
so persistently laid
children simply as
The Excuse menials and scavengers.
VEN in industrial training
the white authorities are SPRING
persistently dishonest. By Mrs. C. W. Clifford

They will not train our Spring, thou wilful, changeful maid,
Venturesome, yet half afraid
children in good paying
King Winter to defy
trades and respectable
Come, with all thy airs and graces,
vocations. They want them to be servants
Perfumes sweet and flower-laces;
and menials. The excuse which is continu-
When thy beauty rare he faces,
ally brought forward, particularly in the
He of love will die.

ATLANTA UNIVERSITY
OUR FUTURE LEADERS
A S nearly as we can calculate from
*• *-
imperfect records there were 281
colored men and women who received
the Bachelor's degree in arts and science
this spring as compared with 250 re-
ported at this time last. year.
Beginning with the larger universities
we note four graduated from Harvard
Harry S. Keeland was graduated from
college with a record of excellent work
in Chemistry W. T. Cunningham grad-
;
uated in Business Administration and
L. T. Wright became a Doctor of Med-
icine after a successful course F. D.
;
Brown received his degree in Dentistry
in March.
W. E. Bowen, Jr., A. B., Wesley-
J.
an, and A. M., Harvard, has just been
appointed Fellow of the American Uni-
versity at Washington, D. C, with a
stipend of $400 a year. He will con-
tinue his work in History and Econom-
ics at the Harvard graduate school for
the degree of Ph. D.
There were in all last year nineteen
colored students in Yale, three in the
Scientific School, three in College, one
in Law, two in Music, two in the Busi-
ness College and eight in the School of
Religion. Of these seven were gradu-
ated.
Francis E. Rivers was the only grad-
uate from Yale College. He was an ex-
cellent student, —among
the first thirty
in his class —
and may make the Phi Beta
Kappa. He was prepared at the St. M
High School, Washington, D. C.
: : ;
.
;
The other men were graduates of the
School of Religion as follows
N. B. Allen, A. B., Wilberforce A. ;
W. Ward, A. B., University of Denver
E. B. Smith, B. D., Howard University ;
B. Elliot, A. B., Virginia Union Univer-
sity; D. G. Monroe, S. T. B., Lincoln
University J. W. Anderson, A. B., Wil-
;
berforce.
From Columbia Universitv W. N :
Huggins received the Master's degree
;
C. S. Stradford graduated in Law with
the Master's degree and L. S. Imes in
;
Divinity with the Master's degree.
The University of Chicago sent out
two graduates Miss Geraldyne Hodges
:
as Bachelor in Philosophy and Julian
H. Lewis as Doctor of Philosophy in
Pathology and Physiology. Lewis was
a member of the Sigma Xi and won the
Rickett's prize for research.
The University of Illinois had three
graduates: H. H. Harris, Bachelor of
Science in Agriculture E. A. Brown,
;
Bachelor of Science in Electrical En-
gineering and Miss M. S. Beck, Bach-
;
elor in Arts. St. Elmo Brady, a student
in the graduate school, has been elected
to the Sigma Xi.
Four colored men graduated from
Ohio State University: W. W. Tyler in
Pharmacy E. L. Carson, M. L. Weaver
;
and R. M. Winkfield in Veterinary Med-
icine.
There was one college graduate from
the University of Michigan, H. A.
Phelps. From the professional schools,
M. Patterson and A. B. Persley gradu-
 THE CRISIS

HONOR GRADUATES, LEADING COLORED COLLEGES

1. MISS COLSOM, "SUMMA CUM LAUDE," FISK 2. PETERS, "HIGHEST HONORS." ATLAN-
TA 3. MISS PORTER, "CUM LAUDE," HOWARD 4. HOLMES, VALEDICTORY, LINCOLN
5. MISS SANDERS, "MAGNA CUM LAUDE," WILBERFORCE 6. FOWLER, KNOXVILLE
7. ADK1NS, VA. UNION 8. CALLAHAN, BENEDICT 9. McDOWELL, TALLADEGA 10. BREWER,
BIDDLE 11. MISS CHARLTON, SHAW 12. HAYNES, MOREHOUSE
 OUR FUTURE LEADERS 139

HONOR GRADUATES, COLORED INSTITUTIONS

1. COLLINS, STRAIGHT 2. MISS YANCY, HARTSHORN 3. MISS HUNT, WILEY 4. BEL-
CHER, TUSKEGEE 5. NEAL, PHILANDER SMITH 6. TOLIVER, HOWARD TEACHER'S
7. MISS CHANDLER, MINN. SO. HIGH 8. ADAMS, GREENSBORO 9. ROGERS. GA. STATE
10. MISS JONES, C. N. & I., WILBERFORCE 11. MISS SOLOMON, MORRIS BROWN 12. CLARKE,
CENTRAL TEX. 13. MISS DE MOSS, G. R. SMITH 14. MISS BURWELL, SELMA IS. JOHNS-
TON, VA. SEMINARY 16. MISS MORRISSEY, ST. AUGUSTINE'S
 ; ;

140 THE CRISIS

NORTHERN COLLEGE GRADUATES

1. JACKSON, PITTSBURGH 2. MISS REID, SIMMONS 3. JEFFERSON, PITTSBURGH
4. MORRIS, CREIGHTON 5. WEAVER, OHIO STATE 6. CROGMAN, TEMPLE

ated in Medicine; J. P. Rodgers in Law From Dartmouth College W. R. R.

and S. P. Sparks in Dentistry. Granger graduated he was an athlete of
;

At Indiana University two college unusual ability, maintained good stand-

graduates G. A. Johnson and F. M.
: ing in college work and "carried him-
Summers, who made "very creditable self with a great deal of self respect."
records." G. W. Adams, C. M. Wilder and W. F.
From Cornell University L. H. Rus- McGruder also graduated.
sell received the Master's degree M. F.; The University of Cincinnati sends
Staley became a Bachelor of Science and out three Bachelors N. E. Woodson, R.
:

J. H. Moore graduated in Veterinary Belsinger and Miss S. M. Williams. The

Medicine.
At Western Reserve University A.
G. Whitehead graduated in Dentistry
C. W. Green in Pharmacy and G. H.
; College graduated Miss M. Gillespie, a
White, Jr., in Law.
Charles H. Houston, who graduated
from Amherst was elected to the Pi Beta
Kappa and also selected as one of the
Case School graduated E. A. Davis
Antioch College graduated H. Hunter,
"one of our best students." Alleghany
girl of "fine promise" with a "creditable
record." Syracuse University graduat-
ed W. J. Baker.
The dean of Colgate writes "A very
:

fifteen students of high standing from fine student indeed, Newton Lloyd Gil-
.vhom the Bond orators are chosen. bert by name, was with us for three
Brown University sends out G. E. C. years and would have been graduated
Hayes and Williams College graduates
; with honor if he had lived." From Pratt
J. W. Freeman. The latter took the Institute, Miss E. L. Hudsoii,finished in
book prize for classics and won a schol- domestic and art. She is an A. B. from
arship. Morehouse College.
 : ;

OUR FUTURE LEADERS 141

/M^"'
.:

/%"'
pji

1
%

tm

wk

:*: .-. "

:_

DR. W. A. S. BROWN DR. ISABELLA VANDEVALL

Northwestern University graduates
one B. A., J. N. Goddard and two law-
yers, J. C. Judkins and R. H. Gillum
and two dentists, S L. Auter and A. W.
Brooks.
Two colored men graduate from
Drew Theological Seminary H. A.
Brooks, A. B., Howard C. F. Flipper,
A. B., Shaw. Mr. Brooks becomes as-
sistant pastor at Sharp St. Memorial,
Baltimore. Miss Maude Wanzer grad-
uated from the Musical Conservatory of
McAlester College, St. Paul. Minn, at
the age of nineteen.
From the University
came two graduates in
Jackson and S. W.
Ohio University, C. H. Burch graduates
in Electrical Engineering. He had a
"very good record in scholarship." From
Oberlin College Miss A. L. Burwell and
M. B. Gray graduated in Arts and H.
C. Collins and C. W. Kelly graduated in
Divinity.
From other Northern colleges there
were graduates as follows
New York University, F. A. Manson,
A. B. Hillsdale College, U. S. Donald-
; sity, Craig Morris in Dentistry, who
son, A. B., "with highly creditable stand-
; ing," and first prize in debating. Tufts
College, J. A. Jeffress, A. B. Simmons
College, the Misses F. M. Reid and L.
Brown both Bachelors in Science. Knox
College, Miss D. H. Christburgh, B. A.
: Armour Institute, W. H. Steward, Me-
; chanical Engineer. Temple University,
C. A. Webster, W. H. Montague, F. M.
Slaughter, G. T. Walker in medicine,
W. L. Brandon and P. A. Diggs in Phar-
macy, L. C. Crogman and LA. Thomp-
son in dentistry. The last two were
"above the average in scholarship."
of Pittsburgh The University of Nebraska graduat-
Pharmacy, J. A. ed C. Ross in Law. He was for three
Jefferson. From years guard on the 'varsity football team
and three years weight man and high
juniper on the 'varsity track team. When
Kansas University drew the color line
on Ross, Nebraska forced them to yield
; by threatening to break athletic relations.
The University of Southern California
graduated H. S. Prince, "a very good
student."
Kansas State Agricultural College,
Miss C. D. Carter; Creighton Univer-
 : : : : : : : : :

142 THE CRISIS

"stood at the head of his class." Miss been graduated 243 Bachelors in Arts
F. F. Kealing whose picture was on the and Science as follows
Easter cover of the Crisis is one of the Howard. 70 Georgia State, 4
three graduates of the University of Lincoln, 32 Knoxville, 4
Kansas in Arts. The other two are the Biddle, 26 Sam Houston, 3
Benedict. 13 Bishop, 3
Misses H. D. McDaniel and J. A. Sums. Talladega, 12 Florida A. and M.,
Miss E. L. Miller received the degree of Atlanta. 9 G. R. Smith, 2
B. M. Wilberforce, 8 Shaw, 2
Philander Smith, 7 Morgan, 2
Virginia Union, 6 Straight, 2
Two cases deserve special mention New Orleans, 6 Central Texas. 2
Dr. Isabella Vandervall graduated at the Wiley, 6 Morris Brown, 2
head of her class at the New York Med- Morehouse, 5 Virginia Seminary,
She was the youngest stu- Bennet, 5 Greensboro, 2
ical College.
Spellman. 4 Arkansas Baptist, 1
dent and the only colored one in a class
of ten and maintained an average of
From colored professional schools
there have been 247 graduates
97.8% during her course. She has been
:

Howard Dentistry, 32
appointed interne at the Hospital for Medicine, 20 Pharmacy, 8
Women and Children at Syracuse, New Dentistry, 24 Nurse Training, 5
York. Pharmacy, 13 Morris Brown
Law, 21 Theology, 2
Theology, 10 Wilberforce
W.A. S. Brown of Kingston, Jamai- Lincoln Theology, 8
ca, graduated in medicine at McGill Uni- Theology, 1$ Morehouse
versity, Montreal. He received the Virginia Seminary : Theology, 5
Holmes gold medal for highest standing Theology, 9 Virginia Union
Meharry Theology, 4
in the five year course. He had pre- Medicine, 70
viously won the Sutherland gold medal
This makes a total record of 570 col-
at the end of his third year.
legeand professional graduates for 1915.
From colored institutions there have Omissions will easily raise this to 650.

HAMPTON INSTITUTE

THE COLORED HIGH SCHOOL

^^ O r
exhaustive study of the colored High School departments which form
pupils in high schools can be made usually the. main part of their work. As
in this sketch, but there are a few facts nearly as we can learn there were 1,764
of such interest that we present them. High School and Higher Normal gradu-
Nearly all the colored colleges have ates of these institutions: •
 : :

THE COLORED HIGH SCHOOL 143

Emerson. Ala., 163 Tillotson. Tex., 17 total schoolenrollment of 3,700 among

Tuskegee. Ala„ 126 Morgan, Md., 17 colored people there were this year 36
Virginia N. & I., 76 Quindaro, Kan., 17
State Normal, N. C, Bishop, Tex., 16 colored graduates from the two City
76 Morehouse, Ga., 16 High Schools, about seven of whom
New Orleans Univ., Florida Baptist, 16
completed the four years course in three
68 Spellman. Ga., 16
Orangeburg State, S. St. Augustine, N. C, years. Of one of these students the
C, 67 16 Indiana Daily Times says, in an editorial
Atlanta, Ga., 62 Utica, Miss., 15
Hampton. Va., 59 Georgia State, 14 "Miss Merle Stokes, a colored girl,
Benedict. S. C, 55 Fort Valley, Ga.. 13
not yet 15, ranks fourth on the roll of
Howard. D. C. 54 Edward Waters, Fla.,
Fisk, Tenn., 53 13 honor of Shortridge high school, com-
Florida N. & I., 50 Christiansburg, Va., pleting a four-year high school course in
Wiley, Tex., 49 12
three years, with an average of 94.28
W. Virginia Collegi- Miss. Industrial, 11
ate. 41 Morris Brown, Ga., per cent. Miss Stokes offers something
Straight. La., 38 11 hopeful to her people. Here is a record
C. N. & I. Wilber- Bennet, N. C, 11
of progress based on sheer hard work
force, O., 37 Brick, N. C, 10
Avery, S. C. 34 Roanoke. N. C, 10 and self-reliance. It means racial ad-
Virginia Seminary, Hartshorn, Va., 10 vancement. It means betterment, it
33 Wilberforce, O., 10
Talladega, Ala., 31
gives promise for the future and it offers
Jackson, Miss., 9
Alcorn, Miss., 25 Knox, Ga., 9 cheer to all citizens who have at heart
Biddle, N. C. 25 Greensboro' A. & T. the well-being of the state and the wise
Ballard, Ga., 25 N. C. 8
Philander Smith, Shaw, N. C, 8 adjustment of civic problems."
_

Ark.. 25 National Refeious, In Cincinnati there are 14 colored

Le Moyne, Tenn., 25 N. C. 8 high school graduates of whom three
Storer, W. Va.. 24 Voorhees, S. C, 6
Arkansas Baptist, 23 Shorter, Ark.. 6 were graduated without examination on
Virginia Union, 21 Okolona. Miss., 6 account of high scholarship: Miss Mary
Howe Inst., Tenn., 19 Central Tex., 5 Holloway, Robert Rankin and Tourgee
Knoxville, Tenn., 18 G. R. Smith, Mo., 4
Tull.
Henderson, N. C, 18 Houston. Te^i., 4
There have been many cases of indi-
vidual excellence, for instance : "W. G.
There are 156 colored public High
Jefferson stood second in a class of
Schools. Some of the largest of these
forty-seven at the Steelton, Penn. High
graduated students as follows
School and was salutatorian. He ex-
M Street, Washing- Lincoln, Kansas Citv, celled mathematics.
in From Minne-
ton, 117 Mo., 31 Minn., South High School, Miss
apolis,
Baltimore, 75 Central, Louisville,
Kansas City, Kan., 56 27 Malvenia Chandler was graduated
Armstrong, D. C, 55 Wilmington, Del., 20 among the first three of a class of 127.
Miner Normal, D. C, Colored Normal, In Brookline, Mass., Archie Ridley, a
46 Louisville, 18
Sumner, St. Louis, Baltimore Normal, 18 grandson of the late Judge Ruffin, won
31 Garnet, Charleston, the Murray Kay prize for oratory and
W. Va., 16 was one of the team who won the inter-
class debating championship.

In the North where colored pupils No attempt has been made to collect
attend mixed high schools there have data of the colored graduates of the
arisen in the past many difficult prob- high schools in Boston, New York,
lems. Often the colored pupils are not Philadelphia, Chicago and other large
encouraged. In other. cases they enter cities although there is a considerable
poorly prepared and they feel the handi- number of such graduates.
cap of poverty and prejudice. This for
a long time made the number of colored In the above record 2,126 colored high
high school pupils very small. Gradu- school graduates are noted. Acomplete
ally, however, this is being improved. record would bring this to the 3,000
In Indianapolis for instance, out of a mark.
144 THE CRISIS

HIGH SCHOOL HONOR GRADUATES

1. RANKIN, CINCINNATI 2. MISS STOKES, INDIANAPOLIS 3. MISS INBORDEN, BRICK

4. JEFFERSON, STEELTON 5. MISS CASH, CHARLESTON, W. VA. MISS MATTHEWS,
LOUISVILLE 7. MISS SHEPARD, DURHAM 8. MISS MAXWELL, BALTIMORE

MR. B. T. WASHINGTON IN LOUISIANA

MM By V. P. THOMAS of New Orleans gg ffl

The Facts Shreveport and Gibbsland, and all ap-

Probably you have heard something of plauded his addresses on industrial and
the tour Booker T. Washington
Dr. agricultural training for the Negro, and
made It was a round of
in Louisiana. their accompanying anecdotes.
grand receptions for him everywhere he An account of his first speech will il-
went. Thousands saw and heard him lustrate the general tenor of his remarks
speak in Burn's Arena. Thousands saw in the various places. This speech was
and heard him speak in the Dauphine made at Violet.
Theatre, and as big a crowd as 5,000 saw The party was met by a crowd esti-
and heard him speak at Violet, a settle- mated to number about 5,000 people,
ment in St. Bernard Parish, 18 miles including colored school children of all
from this city. At New Iberia thou- the colored schools of the parish, which
sands saw and heard him there, as did were closed by order of the parish
thousands at Baton Rouge, Lafayette, superintendent for the occasion. In the
Crowley, Lake Charles, Alexandria, gathering was the superintendent of
 MR. B. T. WASHINGTON
schools himself and other officials of the
parish, as well as other white citizens.
To this meeting Dr. Washington
made the first address of his tour. He
expressed gratification at the evidences
of the friendly relations existing be-
tween the two races living side by side
in the parish of St. Bernard. He said
he had long wished to see for himself
the actual attitude of the white people
and the Negro people toward each other
in Louisiana, and that what he had
seen on his way from New jOrleans to
Violet of the wealth of opportunities
fully pursuaded him that the Negro
people needed only to be thrifty, in-
dustrious and law-abiding in their habits
to help the white people make that sec-
tion one of the most prosperous and
happy in the country. He commented
on the apparent fertility and productive
quality of the land and urged the
Negroes to stick to the farms and farm
life and away from the bigger cities.
Dr. Washington thanked the white
officials for what was being done for the
industrial education of the colored chil-
dren of the parish and admonished the
colored people to take advantage of the
opportunities given them to benefit by
it. He
told them that there was nobody
that can get what he wants out of white
people easier than a Negro, and that it is
seldom, indeed, that a Negro goes after
something he wants to get from white
people that he fails to get it. He said
the white man or woman may swear or
fuss at the Negro for bothering them,
but the Negro usually gets what he
wants just the same.
The inimitable way in which Dr.
Washington told this part of his knowl-
edge of the traits of the Negro and the
white man tickled the risibles of every-
body who heard him laughter was gen-
;
eral. Other amusing anecdotes,, the
butt of which was Negro character were
. frequently told to illustrate or empha-
size an idea by Dr. Washington during
the delivery of his advice and admoni-
tion.
Dr. Washington confined his advice
wholly to the idea of industrial and do-
mestic training for the Negro, on the
theory that an education that is not use-
ful is useless to any boy or girl of the
race and that the Negro is adapted espe-
IN LOUISIANA 145
cially to agricultural and domestic serv-
ice. He
did not once, in the slightest
way, suggest the need of preparation of
Negroes for the business of banking,
the profession of law, medicine, phar-
macy, teaching or the ministry. And
the characters he held up as deserving
the confidence and admiration of the
white people were always such as Uncle
Tom, Aunt Chloe, old Aunt Mary, or
old Uncle Joe. Men of the Negro race
like Frederick Douglas, Crispus At-
tucks, Langston, Revels and others,
whose worth and characters first opened
the eyes of conscience and the world
upon the possibilities of the Negro were
never mentioned. Nor did he think to
choose any of the number of living men
and women of the race to set up as ex-
amples before the school children he ad-
dressed to emulate.
He said, "The Negro is just 50 years
old, and his history in this country is
yet to be made."
This speech, with local variations,
was made
throughout the State of
Louisiana to thousands of white and
colored people.
Comment
There is no doubt that agricultural
and industrial training is one of the
needs of the Negro, just as it is one of
the needs of every race but to hold up
;
this one training as practically all the
training the Negro in this nation needs
is to close the door of initiative to the
Negro and put him in the. class of the
domestic animal that is broken or trained
to perform one useful service alone.
The theory that an education that is not
useful is useless is true; but to assume
that the only education that is useful to
the Negro is agricultural and industrial
is to deny that the Negro is a human be-
ing.
The advocates of the industrial and
agricultural system of education for
Negroes use the arguments that buying
and owning homes, growing crops, sav-
ing the earnings, living in the open air
of country life, modesty of dress and
pretentions, cleanliness of person and
home and its surroundings and neigh-
borly disposition, (things which this
system of training, like other education-
al systems include in their teaching),

146 THE
insure respectability, health and stand-
ing to individuals in every community.
This is true but there is not a scintilla
; any applause in their public addresses.
of evidence to show that the increase in
these ventures and in property owning
by Negroes is due solely or even mainly
to the influence of industrial and agri-
cultural education. As a matter of fact
while general industrial training of col-
ored children is hardly begun, the home-
loving Negro has been breeding in the
race for more than a century, beginning
by buying himself, his mother, his
father, his wife, and his children, and
property on which to live even in slav-
ery times, and since freedom buying not
only homes, but every comfort that his
earnings could command.
While preaching to Negroes to stay
in the country, to buy and occupy
homes there, it is a notorious fact that
Mr. Washington and others rarely, if
ever, point out in their addresses the
real reasons why Negroes find it very
difficult to live in the country on account
of the trying and troublesome condi-
tions for thrifty Negroes out there.
They never appeal to the white people
of the country in their speeches to af-
ford the Negroes the same protection of
the laws against malice, abuse, unjust
treatment, overbearing conduct, false ac-
cusation, summary punishment, lynch-
ing, confiscation or usurpation of prop-
erty, expulsion from the community for
trivial offenses that the white man en-
joys.
Mr. Washington forgot to tell his
white audiencethat thirteen Negroes
were Louisiana last year
lynched in
alone and not a single person punished
for these «mob murders.
Taking advantage of the complacency
with which colored people (long in the
habit of taking abuse) received denun-
ciation, the advocates of industrial train-
ing for Negroes do most of their preach-
ing on the shortcomings of the black
people. Every shortcoming of the Ne-
gro, whether real or imaginary, is de-
scribed with great emphasis and every
good quality is treated with silence. The
Negro that is lazy and good for nothing,
is described with minuteness and with
indignation. Right by the side of this
worthless Negro may be four decent
Negroes about whom these industrial
:
CRISIS
preachers never say a word, never de-
scribe with the same minuteness or with
Abuse and denouncing of Negroes
for political purposes and to help men
into office got fresh impetus after dis-
franchisement had followed Reconstruc-
tion. It became the most popular thing
in the South for helping white men to
office. Practically all Negroes in the
South were driven out of the electorate
and politics, as a result of this whole-
sale denunciation of the race. Practi-
cally nobody was brave enough to de-
fend the race and the whole race passed
for a lot of vicious, ignorant, barbarous
people, fit only for menial service and
the laborious work of the plantations.
May we not well fear that, because
of the demoralized state into which the
race was unmercifully thrown by this
denunciation, the beginning of the pro-
paganda of industrial training for Ne-
groes with all of its fault finding of the
race was planned by Negroes who saw a
chance to become popular with the white
people of the South?
The Louisville Courier- Journal says
"The workers for Negro welfare in
this country are divided into those who
believe that the Negro's destiny and
salvation lie in manual labor and menial
service, and those' who claim that his
potential capabilities are no more re-
stricted than those of his white neigh-
bor."
Ask any intelligent well balanced Ne-
gro to which group of these two he be-
longs and he will declare himself for-
ever on the side of the group who be-
lieves in the capabilities of the Negro.
By so declaring himself on this question
the Negro but proves that he is human,
that he is a man like other men that ;
he believes that what thousands of the
Negro race builders, dead and living,
have done for race uplift and advance-
ment can be done, is being done and
will continue to be done by the Negro
as long as a provident Ruier of all
things spares the Negro to live upon the
face of the earth. In a word, he but
proves his faith in his race and refuses
to do what no other race ever has done
against itself —
preach its own inferior-
ity at the suggestion of its enemies.
 MEMBERS
During the month of May 465 new
members were added to the Association,
making a total enrollment of over 7,500.
Of the many contributions which have
recently come to the Association none is
more eloquent of the spirit which ani-
mates the organization than a contribu-
tion from the colored sailors of the U.
S. Steamship "Nebraska:"
U. S. S. Nebraska,
Southern Drill Grounds,
April 25, 1915.
Gentlemen :
Enclosed you will find fourteen dol-
lars which we the members of The
Nebraska Social Club contribute to the
N. A. A. C. P. to be used as_you see fit.
We are interested in the work
of the
N. A. A. C. P. and trust mite will
this
be a help to the cause. We represent
the full number of the Negroes attached
to this ship.
With best wishes for success in your
work,
Respectfully,
The Nebraska Social Club.
BRANCHES
Ten new branches in the Middle West
have been chartered by the N. A. A. C.
P. : In Illinois, Cairo, Carbondale,
Evansville, Jacksonville and Peoria and ; the attendance represents largely paper
Champaign and Urbana, forming the
Twin City Branch Columbus and Day-
; ever, is not dead in New England is in-
ton, Ohio and Terre Haute and Vin-
; dicated by the decision of the Mayor of
cennes, Indiana.
Our branches continue to work to
suppress the photoplay based on Dixon's
"Clansman." From a reliable source we
hear that protests against Sheldon's play
"The Nigger," made by our Ohio
branches, Mr. Harry C. Smith of the
Cleveland Gazette, and the Ministers'
Alliances, not only prevented the pro-
duction of the play but discouraged the
owners of the "Clansman" film from
continuing their preparations to produce
the latter in Ohio.
Boston was victorious in its effort in
the Legislature which finally passed the
bill creating a Board of Censorship con-
sisting of the Mayor, the Chief of Police
and the Chief Magistrate. A
bitter
fightwas made over an amendment
which the Branch and other friends
finallysucceeded in adding to the bill and
which provided that a majority rather
than a unanimous vote of the Board was
necessary for a decision. The moving
picture interests made desperate efforts
amendment.
to kill this
Immediately upon its appointment the
new Board was petitioned for a public
hearing against further production of
the play in Boston. The Board decided
that the license of the theatre should not
be revoked or suspended but gave no
reason and declined to state whether all
three of its members agreed or whether
there was a dissent. The Board rendered
its decision without having given any
public hearing except to hear arguments
relating to the scope of its power and the
rules which should govern its determina-
tion in cases which might come before it
under this new act.
It isreported that the management is
losing money on the production and that
houses. That the Abolition spirit, how-
Springfield who said he would license
the play for that city only when the
colored people had consented. It has
been barred by the District Police in
every city in Massachusetts for Sunday
performance.
In Wilmington, Del., City Councilman
John O. Hopkins, the only Negro mem-
ber of that body, introduced an ordi-
nance to prohibit the exhibition of any
 : :
148 THE
moving pictures likely to cause ill feel-
ing between the white and colored races.
Mr. Hopkins explained that in drawing
up the ordinance he had in mind two
photoplays which had been prohibited in
some other cities and said that his ordi-
nance had been inspired by the Wil-
mington Branch of the N. A. A. C. P.
The ordinance has been given its final
reading and referred to the Mayor for
approval. It makes the Board of Police
Commissioners the censors of question-
able shows and gives them authority to
stop them. It provides a fine of fifty
dollars for every offense.
The Northern California Branch ex-
hausted every means to suppress the
picture in Oakland but was unsuccessful.
In their effort they had the assistance of
Mr. Sledge and Mr. Clarence Darrow,
attorneys.
Last month we published a telegram
from our Chicago Branch iust as we
went to press giving the news of Mayor
Thompson's refusal to license "The
Birth of a Nation." The play had al-
ready been licensed by his predecessor.
Commenting on this the N. Y. Even-
ing Post said
"The promoters had made a barefaced
plea that the spectacle has 'a note of
optimism, brotherly love, and readjust-
ment of racial conditions intended to
soothe and brighten,' but this the press
and the Mayor riddled. The play's ex-
clusion mustalso assist in defeating a
bill pending at Springfield to abolish the
Chicago Board of Censorship, which has
a reputation for great watchfulness and
efficiency."
Meantime we regret to learn the mat-
been thrown into court by an in-
ter has
junction against the mayor.
St. Paul atits annual meeting voiced
protests against motion pictures dis-
criminating against colored people, spec-
ial mention being made of Sheldon's
"Nigger" and "The Birth of a Nation."
The meeting was held in the Plymouth
Congregational Church, the. chief ad-,
dress being made by Governor W. S.
Hammond.
MEETINGS
In addition to the protest meetings
against "The Birth of a Nation" many
other meetings have been held the meet-
: to see to
CRISIS
ing in connection with the National Con-
ference of Charities and Correction at
Baltimore where Miss Ovington, Pro-
fessor Pickens and Professor Cook
.
made addresses meetings under the
;
auspices of the District of Columbia,
Philadelphia and East Orange Branches
at which Professor Pickens spoke a ;
Memorial Day meeting in Harrisburg;
a mass meeting in San Francisco ar-
ranged by the Northern California
Branch with the Hon J. Kahn as
speaker and a meeting to commemorate
;
the birthday of John Brown held by the
Toledo Branch. General Isaac Sher-
wood, a Democratic United States Con-
gressman, in the course of his address at
this meeting read an editorial written by
himself fifty years ago in which he pre-
dicted that the name of John Brown
martyred for the freedom of slaves
would stand out in history long after
the name of Governor Wise of Vir-
ginia, the man who executed Brown, was
forgotten. General Sherwood at that
time was editor of a paper at Bryan,
Ohio, known as "The Williams County
Leader." He stated that his was the
only paper in the United States, except
Abolition papers, that went into mourn-
ing over the death of John Brown. Mr.
Albertus Brown presided at the meeting,
explaining the purposes of the N. A. A.
C. P. and stating that the Toledo Branch
now numbers over 135 members. Ad-
dresses were also made by Father
O'Brien and by the Hon. Wilbur E.
King whose speech on "American. Citi-
zenship" was a splendid plea for equal
rights.
The President of the Decatur, 111.,
Branch, the Rev. E. M. Antrim, said in
a Memorial Day address
"Our work for the colored-man is still
incomplete. He was emancipated fifty
years ago, but still lacks much of that
larger freedom and opportunity which,
are inseparable from American ideals
and citizenship —what we must give him
is a place in the sun— freedom of life
and limb, freedom to toil and think, free-
dom to love and aspire. Many oppor-
tunities of labor and law are still denied
him, and it remains for us who are fifty
years away from the ideals and motives,,
the feelings, and sympathies of long ago,,
it that, like every other citizen.
 : . ;

N. A. A. C. P. 149

of the United States, he gets a square
mm?'
j
of our Association
Representatives
lhave been heard before the following
conferences at the New England Bap-
: unusual gift by which they would render
tist Missionary Convention held in the
'Mount Olivet Baptist Church, New
York City, where Mr. Dodson spoke on
thework of the Association before the
Sunday School Department, Miss
Ovington before the Women's Depart-
ment, and Miss Caroline M. Dexter be-
fore the General Convention. Miss
School for the year 1915-16. These
scholarships were granted to those child-
ren who seemed to offer the greatest
promise intellectually, or who had some
service to the world.
Victoria Rich, whose father is a
nephew of Victoria Earle Matthews,
was admitted to the Kindergarten
Walter Handy, who has stood at the
head of his class in the public schools for
some time received a scholarship in the
Open Air School, VI Grade Spencer ;

Dexter and Dr. V. Morton Jones repre-
sented the Association at the New York
Annual Conference of the A. M. E.
Church held at the Bridge Street
Church, Brooklyn, and Miss Ovington
spoke before the New York Annual
Conference of the A. M. E. Zion Church
held at the First A. M. E. Zion Church,
Brooklyn.
SCHOLARSHIPS
Recently the office of the N. A. A. C.
P. was asked to make recommendations
for scholarships which the Ethical Cul-
ture School offers annually to colored
children. The names of the children
recommended are included in the an-
nouncement of results given below
The following children were award-
ed scholarships in the Ethical
McEvoy, of Brooklyn has been admitted
to the V Grade and Langton Daniel, the
son of the curate of St. Philip's P. E.
Church, to the VI Grade, Open Air De-
partment. It is also expected that
Eugene Martin will gain a scholarship
in the V. Grade of the indoor depart-
ment. Eugene is the son of Mr. and
Mrs. Martin of the Martin-Smith Music
School.
In the graduating class of the Ethical
Culture Art High School, Albert Smith,
a colored boy, carried off the highest
honors of that department, the Henry
Ollesheimer scholarship, which is given
to that student who ranks highest as a
student and as an individual. This
means uniformly high work in all his
studies, academic as well as art. He will
continue his work next year in the
Culture Academy of Design.

J*

Hi
jl * - V <& •& ,

•
flH| w
OFFICERS, COLLEGE CHAPTER No. 1, N. A. A. C. P..
HOWARD UNIVERSITY

And so ends the Education Number of God, Nineteen Hundred and Fifteen
of The Crisis dedicated to the aspiring and of the regained freedom of our
youth of our ancient race, in the Year fathers, the fifty-second.
 —

150 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

Is He Insured?
"It is the general consensus of opinion that a man's duty to his family includes a reasonable
provision for the future. To die with the wolf so near the door that he is certain to be found
waiting at the portals when the funeral procession returns from the cemetery is about as serious
a crime as a man can commit in this life. It makes no difference how carefully the man may
protect his loved ones during his lifetime, if he leaves them without protection at his death he
has failed in his duty woefully.
Strangely enough it sometimes happens that the wife herself is partly to blame for the
negligence of the husband. Of course, it should be the husband's business to attend to such
matters without a reminder from anybody, but when we are in perfect health and the blood is
pulsing vigorously through our veins, death is one of the possibilities to which we give little
thought. Die? Why should we think about dying when we have so many useful and profitable
years before us?
Lots of men who really intend to insure their lives some day put it off until it is too late
simply because they do not realize the immediate need of such a step and it is in such cases
that the wife's dutyis to interpose with a plea that this important matter shall be no longer
postponed.
Many women hesitate to do this. There are women who even feel that it is improper for
them to suggest the subject of insurance to the husband. They seem to feel that they are in
danger of exciting suspicion that they desire to profit by their death that they are imbued with
a mercenary spirit that is thoroughly selfish and unwomanly.
—
Nothing could be further from the truth, and the quicker the wives and the mothers get rid
of this erroneous idea the better it will be for them and those dependent on them in such a
time of emergency. Instead of deeming such ideas selfish and unwomanly, she should apply the
ordinary rules of logic to the situation and abide by the results.
If the husband and father should announce his intentions of going upon a long journey
say, to Africa or Australia, for example —
she would not think of permitting him to leave her
without making proper provision for her support during his absence. If he showed a disposition
to do this highly improbable thing she would not hesitate to call him to account, and she would
feel that she was justified in going to any extreme to compel him to make such arrangements that
neither she nor the children might suffer for the necessities of life while he was traveling to
the other end of the eartrr.
If you — —
my dear fellow who reads this go away for a week, is it not your first thought
to leave sufficientmoney at home to meet the little expenses that are certain to arise even within
so brief a space of time as a few days? Would you think of taking even the shortest trip
without leaving a few dollars that the wife might use in case of emergency? Yet; any day any
—
hour -you may be called upon to take the longest journey of your life the journey from which — —
—
you will never return that journey to the land from which you send no remittances! If your
common sense tells you that the little woman at home may need some money when you make
these short trips, what do you think will happen to her if you go out into the great unknown
with no other provision for her than an oft-repeated intention to insure your life? Little good
will your intentions do her when the landlord comes to inquire about the rent. *

AS a matter of fact no woman has the right to let her husband neglect this important duty.
>
It i. j
he does not seem to realize his great responsibility it is her place to tell him about it and
keep on telling him day by day until he brings home the policy as evidence that her efforts have
borne good fruit. An insurance policy on the husband's life is one of the rights of which no
woman should allow herself to be deprived. She owes it to herself and children to see that
this wall of protection is placed between them and immediate
want, and this is especially true
when the husband has no other estate to leave. So, ask him, Mrs. Wife—make sure today—

IS HE INSURED?"
Take this insurance in a strong, well managed company owned
and operated by our people. The only old-line legal reserve
Please "*. *~ ife Insurance Company of the Race.
send me *•

1H1 STANDARD LIFE INSURANCE CO.

Amount $ \ 200 Auburn Avenue, ATLANTA, GEORGIA
Sex *•

Age Capital Fully Paid - - $100,000.00

Weight \ Over One Million and a Half Insurance in Force
Occupation \ Issues Policies from $250.00 to $5,000.00
Name '

Address . HEMAN E. PERRY, President

'C. July, 1915) HARRY H. PACE, Secretary

Mention The Crisis

 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 151

llllllllllHIlHiH

Normal Work Approved by the State at Wilberforce

EXTENSIVE IMPROVEMENTS TO BE MADE
Summer Term 1915 to be Omitted
THE Normal and Department at Wilberforce is now one of the institu-
Ohio approved by the Superintendent of Public Instruction
tions in the state of
Industrial

for the training of teachers for elementary and special work.

Teachers graduating from this department will, without examination, be entitled to a

state certificate good in Ohio and recognized in thirty other states.

To better equip the department for its work, extensive improvements and additions to
buildings will be made; shops for the mechanical trades; a hospital building; gym-
nasium and additional accommodations for teachers.
The Summer Term will be omitted during the present summer while these improve-
ments are being made. In future, summer students will have advantage of these
improvements and summer work, will have full value, entitling graduates to certificate
without examination.

No Summer Session 1915

REGISTER NOW FOR SESSION 1916
FHiililililllllil!i l ,.: l |;,i!iiiiiliiliiii,i,ii ll :iilllll!i;i,,!l!ilhlllli!i:!llll!llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll^

3E 3E
"THE LIFE AND WORKS OF PAUL
LAURENCE DUNBAR"
rnrr
W^
^»*
To Every Woman
^™
who writes, one copy of "Ladies
Cyclopedia of Health and
Containing his COMPLETE POETI- m m ^™ ^™
Beauty." This book contains in-
CAL WORKS, his best short stories, formation indispensable to every
numerous anecdotes and a complete woman; on every subject women are most interested
biography by Lida Keck Wiggins. This in. Tells how to cultivate health and beauty, what
great book should be in every Negro to use and how to use it.
home. Dunbar was the World's Great- louis Mccreary
K
est Negro Poet and his work stands in 1312 Farnam Street Omaha, Neb.
a class alone. Contains 430 pages 60 —
full-page illustrations Price $1.75 net.
Postage extra 15c. AGENTS WANTED.
TEXAS COLORED TEACHERS'
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Imported linen tablecloth made by French Nuns,
AGENCY 72x72 inches; suitable for daily service. Beautiful
Book Department, Desk D centre with border of magnificent renaissance lace.
1025 Boll St. Dallas, Texas All hand made; $8.00, worth $50.00 if made by any
Note to Teachers A post card will — American woman. With tablecloth I send free of
bring information concerning our teach- charge my famous oil painting A /i
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3E 3E 3E
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Mme. Cornelia's Brown Improved Face Powder A
position as laundress, instructress or plain sew-
ing teacher, by September or October 1st. Refer-
ismade of the best and purest materials in three ences.
brown shades. Price, 25c. Trial size, 15c. MRS. L. M. B.. 20S Hickory Street. Orange. N. 3.
Samples, 4c. Agents wanted. References and
terms. REGALIA
Mme. CORNELIA
Box 36, West Farms Station New York City A Race Enterprise
Agents wanted by the EARLE PERFUME Manufacturing Badges,
CO. Send 2c. stamp for price list.
Banners and Supplies
for all Fraternal and
P. O. Box 390 Newport, R. I.
Church Societies. Cat-
COLORED AGENTS WANTED alog upon request.
Liberal commission; a postal brings particulars. CENTRAL REGALIA CO.
THE PATRICK-LEE REALTY CO. Jos. L. Jones, Pre*.
Dept. O.. 2743 Welton Street. Denver. Colo. N. E. Corner 8th and Plum Streets, Cincinnati, Ohio
Mention The Crisis
 '

152 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

T FT A I" 1
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efficiency era calls

selecting teachers, through a live agency that furnishes

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We have had calls for teachers from Alabama, and
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Industrial Institute
Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia
and West Virginia. Petersburg, Va.
Our list of teachers covers even a wider territory.
THE MUTUAL TEACHERS' AGENCY
1335 T Street, N. W. Washington, D. C.
Healthful location, competent
faculty, new dormitory for
boys, new course of study in-
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The Union Development Company's BX MY PLAN
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—
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Mention The Crisis
 :

THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 153

WESTERN UNIVERSITY MORGAN COLLEGE AND BRANCHES

All Schools Open September 24, 1915
and the JOHN O. SPENCER, Ph. D., President
Morgan College, Baltimore, Md.
State Industrial Department Location: Central in great college town between
North and South. Courses: Preparatory, Normal,
Quindaro, Kansas City, Kansas Music, Advanced Education, Collegiate. Appropriate
degrees. Instructors: Seven Colleges and Univer-
sities represented in Faculty. Dormitories: For a
limited number, steam heat, furnished. Terms: Very
reasonable. Dean: Rev. Charles Edmund Young,
Ideally located with city advantages and country D. D.
surroundings in "free Kansas." A good, wholesome
atmosphere for the growing student. Strict discipline. Princess Anne Academy, Princess Anne, Md.
Good literary course. Splendid Trades Department. (Eastern Branch of Maryland Agricultural College)
Faculty of 24 members. Modern conveniences. Un- Location: The famous Eastern Shore of Mary-
usual advantages in all branches of school work.
land, Somerset County. Courses: Preparatory,
Music department second to none in this section. A Normal, Industrial, Domestic Science, Music. In-
Commercial Course giving superior training in bank-
ing and business principles. A bank in connection structors: College and technically trained. New
Dormitories: Furnished, steam heat, carefully su-
with the department. Special course in military band
pervised. Terms: Tuition free; other expenses
and orchestra music will be given in along with moderate. SUMMERSESSION: June 28 to Aug.
trades. Terms reasonable. Write for catalog.
Special training in Domestic Science, Rural
6, 1915.
Education, Nature Study, School Organization, School
20th Annual Opening, September 13, 1915 Management, etc. Terms: Ent. fee, $1.00. Board,
$3.00 per week; no other charges. Principal: Rev.
DR. H. T. KEALING, Pres., Quindaro, Kansas Thomas H. Kiah. A. B.
Virginia Collegiate and Industrial Institute
Lynchburg, Va.
Location: On beautiful hill in suburbs of grow-
ing city. Courses: Preparatory, Normal, Domestic
Paul Quinn College Science, Gardening, Music.
trained, carefully selected.
Instructors:
Dormitories
College
for fifty
girls; furnished, steam heat, electric light, carefully
WACO, TEXAS supervised. Terms within reach of all. Principal:
Frank Trigg, A. M.
(Established in 1881)

Motto : Efficiency LEGAL DIRECTORY

("Central 104-W
Telephones
Excellent I Main 61
HARRY E. DAVIS
Industrial and Business Courses Attorney-at-Law Notary Public
1607 Williamson Building Cleveland, Ohio
J. K. WILLIAMS W. L. SIMMONS
Office D. Telephone 3297 Market
L.
President Secretary Residence L. D. Telephone 5277-M Market
GEORGE A. DOUGLAS
Counsellor-at-Law
Rooms 613-614, Metropolitan Building
SAMUEL HUSTON COLLEGE 113 Market St.,Cot. Washington, Newark, N. J.
AUSTIN, TEXAS General Practice Notary Public
Phenominal Progress During Last Fifteen Years. WILLIAM R. MORRIS
Christian Home for Young People without Attorney and Counsellor-at-Law
regard to Sex or Church. 1020 Metropolitan Life Building
Minneapolis Minn.
Property Valuation, $150,000
24 Teachers 523 Pupils BROWN S. SMITH
Attorney-at-Law
Strong Faculty Especially Selected for Classical Offices: Suite 802 Sykes Block
Work. Near Third and Hennepin
Minneapolis Minn.
Healthful and Inviting Invironments.
Lowest Rates Possible for Best Accommodation GEORGE W. MITCHELL
Attorney-at-Law
Address : R. S. LOVINGGOOD, Pres., Austin, Texas 908 Walnut Street
Philadelphia Pa.

Tel. 5437 Fort Hill Cable Address, Epben

J. E. ORMES EDGAR P. BENJAMIN

Attorney and Counsellor-at-Law

Audita
ACCOUNTANT Syitemi
34 School Street . Boston, Mass.

Business information by mail. Open for Telephone Connection

engagements July and August W. Ashbie Hawkins George W. F. McMechen
Box 25, Wilberforce University
Wilberforce, O.
HAWKINS & McMECHEN
Attorneys-at-Law
21 East Saratoga Street Baltimore, Md.

Mention The Crisis

154 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

Atlanta University YOUNG'S BOOK EXCHANGE

(George Young)
Novel Souvenir Post Cards
Studies of the Colored Authors and Books on Race Problems
Negro Problems a Specialty.
135 W. 135th Street New York City
17 Monographs Sold Separately
Address
Closes Sept. 15 The Ocean House known as
ATLANTA UNIVERSITY CONFERENCE
SEA CITY
ATLANTA UNIVERSITY :: ATLANTA, GA. The Gordon Sea View, K.
Personally managed by Mrs. Lucy Lee. This is
the only property we own on the Atlantic Beach
front. Every room opens on the ocean. Bathing,
The Curse of Race Prejudice boating, fishing, music, dancing. A beautiful view of
the ocean while dining from our new conservatory
By James F. Morton, Jr. , A. M. dining room.
Special rates to school teachers for July.
An aggressive exposure by an Anglo-Saxon cham- Write for rates. Address:
pion of equal rights. Startling facts and crushing
arguments. Fascinating reading. A necessity for MRS. LUCY LEE, 5 Plain St., Elmhurst, N. Y.
clear understanding and up-to-date propaganda. Be-
longs in the library of every friend of social justice. After July 1st, The Ocean House, Sea Isle, N. J.
Price 25 cents. Send order to
Season, June 1st to September 30th
JAMES MORTON, JR.
F.

211 West 138th Street New York,

-:- N. Y.
MILLER'S COTTAGE, Luray, Va.
In the heart of the mountains; an ideal resort
uniting all city gayeties with the quiet of the coun-
try. Every summer comfort; cool, airy rooms; with-
"GLEANINGS FROM DIXIE-LAND" in five minutes' walk of the great Luray Caverns;
tempting table, tennis courts, fishing, music, dancing.
Ten poems by Booklet on request.
Effie T. Battle, A.M. MRS. ALDINA HAWKINS HAINES
"Mrs. has an individual Luray, Virginia.
Battle gift of melody."
— Springfield Republican.
"You owe
book
vocate.
form."
it
—
to your race to publish your poems in
Editor, Southwestern Christian Ad- HOTEL LINCOLN
(American or European Plan)
"Verses are smooth, graceful, high-minded and clear,
reverent to all truth, appreciative of all beauty and
true inspiration." —
George W. Cable.
PRICE 25 CENTS.
OpenS May 15th M^emeTt
Addsess: Okolona Industrial School, Combines the restful
Okolona, Miss. quiet of the country and
sea-shore with the gaye-

$25.00 PER
may be made in commissions by
WEEK
parties handlin,
ties of a great city. Only
a few minutes' ride by
train separates New
York City from this de-
"History Negro Soldiers in Spanish-Americai
of lightful spot. HOTEL
War" combined with "History of the Negro Race. LINCOLN is within
400 page9. 50 illustrations. Price $1.25 net. three minutes' walk of
the beach where there
Address: E. A. JOHNSON are bathing, boating and
154 Nassau Street NEW YORh fishing. 26 magnifi-
cently appointed rooms,
single or en suite. Every

JACK JOHNSON convenience to

most exacting.
suit the

Should have as respectable a place in literature as

'
EXCELLENT CUISINE-MODERATE RATES— BEST OF SERVICE
Goliath or Willard. .The poem, "Jack Johnson,
.

World Champion Pugilist" gives him this. Suitable For information write C. A. BRECKENRIDGE, Prop
for your library. Telephone 1417 Hammels Arverne, Long Island
CLEAN— CLASSY— RACY
Price 25 cents cash — Not Stamps.
Address: J. F. CATHEY, Pub., Rentiesville, Okla.
PERSONAL CARDS
Telephone 5277 Morningside
AGENTS WANTED FOR DR. GERTRUDE E. CURTIS

T. McKissick Co's. & Surgeon Dentist

188 W. 135th Street New York City
FAMOUS 90 DAYS TREATMENTS
IW. No. No. 2 and No. 3
1,

For Scalp, Hair and Skin

WILLIAM L. BELL ERNEST W. KING
P. O. Box 102, Wilmington, Del. Associate Architects
300 Odd Fellow Bldg. ATLANTA, GA.
Mention Thk Crisis
 : :

Attention, Masons!
A New Book of Interest to You
Prince Hall and His Followers
A carefully argued defense of the legitimacy of Negro Masonry in the
United States, with notes and documents, by
GEORGE W. CRAWFORD, 32°
A graduate of Tuskegee, Talladega and Yale, formerly clerk cf the
Probate Court of New Haven and now a practicing lawyer there. Mr.
Crawford is one of the best informed Masons in the country.
COMMENTS
From James F. Rikards, 33°, Most Puissant Sovereign Grand Commander,
A. & A. Scottish Rite
" 'Prince Hall and His Followers,' written by a scholarly Afro-American, pre-
sents to the Masonic world a treatise on the legitimacy of Negro Masonry that
should be in the hands of every Mason seeking for Truth. The information
contained in the chapter devoted to Prince Hall is alone worth to the young
Mason the price of the book. Brother Crawford's easy and pleasing style
creates in the reader a desire to complete the volume before putting the book
out of his hands."

From Henry A. Spencer, 33°, Grand Master and Grand Commander of

Knights Templar of New York :

"The book fills a long-felt want among intelligent Masons of our Race.
To know that we are right, and to substantiate that fact by intelligent research
and logical statements, is worth more to us than what the other fellow may
say. This is what Brother Crawford's book does and it should be in the hands
;

of every Mason of our Race."

From Jose H. Sherwood, 33°, Past Grand Master of Minnesota and

Deputy Imperial Potentate of Shriners :

"A very strong brief, setting forth plainly the legitimacy of Prince Hall
Masonry, and, as well, a stern call to all Negroes to assume full pride in the
happy possession of a Rite which can show such clear proofs of its contentions."

From William H. Grimshaw, 33°, Past Grand Master of the District of

Columbia and author of "A History of Colored Freemasonry"
"I have read with great pleasure 'Prince Hall and His Followers.' The book
is well written, containing clear and convincing diction. The impartial accuracy
with which the facts are marshalled makes the book a very valuable asset
to Masons."

Price One Dollar. Postage Extra.

ORDER NOW AGENTS WANTED

THE CRISIS
70 Fifth Avenue :: :: New York

Mention The Crisis

 A VALUABLE BOOK
The Education of the
Negro Prior to 1861
The History of the Education of the Colored People of the
United States from the Beginning of Slavery to the Civil War
By
CARTER GODWIN WOODSON,
(HARVARD)
Ph. D.

460 pp. $2.00; By mail $2.15

"This book is neither a controversial treatise on Negro education nor a
study of recent problems. Dr. Woodson has given us something new. He
has by scientific treatment amassed numerous facts to show the persistent
strivings of ante-bellum Negroes anxious to be enlightened. What they
accomplished is all but marvelous."
The author aims to put the student of history in touch with the great
movements which effected the uplift of the Negroes, and to determine the
causes which finally reduced many of them to heathenism.
The titles of the chapters are "Introduction," "Religion with Letters,"
:

"Education as a Right of Man," "Actual Education," "Better Beginnings,"

"Educating the Urban Negro," "The Reaction," "Religion without Letters,"
"Learning in Spite of Opposition," "Educating Negroes Transplanted to
Free Soil," "Higher Education," "Vocational Training," "Education at
Public Expense." In the appendix are found a number of valuable docu-
ments. The volume contains also a critical bibliography and a helpful index.

OPINIONS
"I like it very much. You seem to have loosened up on your style a bit and vou have done
an excellent piece of research. ... I —
hope that your book will have a good sale." Edward Chan-
ning McLean, Professor of Ancient and Modern History, Harvard University.
"It seems clear to me that you have made a substantial contribution to the subject and I know
I shall profit by it." —
Frederick J. Turner, Professor of History, Harvard University.
"I thought at first it would be out of my line, but on turning its pages, I discovered that
it may well hold the attention of everybody with an intelligent interest in the colored people.
You write easily and flexibly and have certainly compiled important material in the true spirit of
scholarship. I congratulate you sincerely." —
Ferdinand Schevill, Professor of History in the Uni-
versity of Chicago.
"It seems to me that you have taken a field of which little has been known and developed
in it a most interesting and valuable book. I am glad to have it in my library and rejoice that I
—
have had the privilege of some personal acquaintance with the author." Francis W. Shepardson,
Professor of History in the University of Chicago.
"I am delighted with the thoroughly scholarly way in which it has been put together and I
know enough about the subject to appreciate what it has cost you in time and effort to perform
this work."— Ur. Robert E. Park.
"It is the story of the effort on the part of certain agencies to educate the Negro. It is above
all the story of the strivings of the Negro himself under tremendous difficulties and opposition, to
learn things,, to know more, to be more. Apart from the fund of information on the subject
. . .

which Dr. Woodson has here offered, the supreme point of this study is the unconquerable will of
the Negro. . The book, as a whole, is an illumination of the recent development of education
—
. .

among the colored people." The Washington Star.

THIS BOOK MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE AUTHOR

2223 Twelfth Street, Northwest Washington, D. C.

Mention The Csieis

1915 1 HE CRISIS
AUGUST
1915

VOTES FOR WOMEN

School of Medicine of Howard University
Including

Medical, Dental and Pharmaceutic Colleges

1867-1915
Stephen M. Newman, D.D., President Edward A. Balloch, M.D., Dean

The FORTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL SESSION will begin October 1,

1915, and continue eight months.

Requires for admission to Medical College two years of college work

including courses in inorganic and organic chemistry, qualitative analysis,
physics, biology and either French or German. Full corps of instructors,
well equipped laboratories, unexcelled hospital facilities.

For catalog or information concerning Medical, Dental,

Pharmaceutic or Post- Graduate courses write

W. C. McNEILL, M.D., Sec.

Fifth and "W" Streets, N. W. Washington, D. C.

The Cheyney Training School for Teachers

CHEYNEY, PENNSYLVANIA

Under the management of the Society of Friends. Beautifully located,

healthful, well appointed, and within easy reach of a great variety of educa-
tional institutions, public and private, extending from West Chester to
Philadelphia; representing a wide range of educational problems and
practice.

This school offers to young colored men and women who have a reasonable
secondary school preparation, and who earnestly desire to become teachers,
carefully graded courses in academic work, domestic science, domestic art,
manual crafts and agriculture. Summer school will not be held at Cheyney
during 1915, but will open on an improved basis in 1916. Tuition is free.
Board, lodging, heat, light and laundry privileges are offered for nine
months for $100. The charge for the same during the summer-school
course is $15. Write for particulars to

LESLIE PINCKNEY HILL, Principal

Mention Tin-: (kisis

 JUL 701 C

THE CRISIS
A RECORD OF THE DARKER RACES
PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF
COLORED PEOPLE, AT 70 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY
Conducted by
W. E. BURGH ARDT DU BOIS
AUGUSTUS GRANVILLE DILL, Business Manager

Contents Copyrighted, 1915, by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Contents for August, 1915

PICTURES
COVER. Abraham Lincoln and Sojourner Truth. Composite photo-
graph by Hinton Gilmore. Page
Portraits of twenty contributors to the Symposium 180ff
Tablet to Harriet Tubman 192

ARTICLES
THE BLACK MAMMY. A Poem .By James Weldon Johnson 176
VOTES FOR WOMEN. A Symposium By Rev. F. J. Grimke,
Hon. Oscar De Priest, Benjamin Brawley, Bishop John Hurst,
Hon. J. W. Johnson, Hon. R. H. Terrell, Dr. W. H. Crog-
man, C. W. Chesnutt, Hon. J. R. Lynch, L. M. Hershaw, Mrs.
Paul Laurence Dunbar, Mrs.M. B. Talbert, Mrs. C. F. Cook, Mrs.
C. W. Clifford, Dr. M. F. Waring, W. S. Braithewaite, Miss N. H.
Burroughs, Miss M. E. Jackson, Mrs. J. St. P. Ruffin, Mrs. A. W.
Hunton, Miss M. L. Baldwin, Miss A. H. Jones, Mrs. B. K. Bruce,
Mrs. E. L. Davis, Mrs. M. C. Terrell and Mrs. L. A. Turner 178
THE RAINS. A Story of Jamaica By Kelsey Percival Kitchel 193

DEPARTMENTS
ALONG THE COLOR LINE . 163
MEN OF THE MONTH 169
OPINIONS 171
EDITORIAL 177
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COL-
ORED PEOPLE 197

TEN CENTS A COPY; ONE DOLLAR A YEAR

FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS TWENTY-FIVE CENTS EXTRA
RENEWALS: When a subscription blank is attached to this page a renewal of your iubicrip-
tiom is desired. The date of the expiration of your subscription will be found on the wrapper.
CHANGE OF ADDRESS: The address of a subscriber can be changed as often as deaired.
In ordering a change of address, both the old and the new address must be given. Two weeks'
notice is required.
MANUSCRIPTS and drawings relating to colored people are desired. They must be accom-
panied by return postage. If found unavailable they will be returned.
Entered as Second-class Matter in the Post Office at New York, N. Y.
 :

160 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

Atlanta University MOREHOUSE COLLEGE

Is beautifully located in the City
Ga. The courses of study include High
School, Normal School and College, with
manual training and domestic science. Among
the teachers are graduates of Yale. Harvard,
Dartmouth and Wellesley. Forty-six years
of successful work have been completed.
Students come from all parts of the South.
Graduates are almost universally successful.
For further information address
President EDWARD T.
(Formerly Atlanta Baptist College)
of Atlanta,
ATLANTA, GA.
Academy, Divinity School
College,
An institution famous within recent years
for its emphasis on all sides of manly develop-
—
ment the only institution in the far South
devoted solely to the education of Negro
young men.
Graduates given high ranking by greatest
northern universities. Debating, Y. M. C. A.,
WARE athletics, all live features.

ATLANTA, GA. For information address

JOHN HOPE, President

Knoxville College ST. MARY'S SCHOOL

Healthful Location.
Beautiful Situation.
The Best Moral and Spiritual Environ- An Episcopal boarding and day school for
under the direction of the Sisters of St
ment. A
Splendid Intellectual Atmos-
girls,
Mary. Address
phere. Noted for Honest and Thorough
Work.
THE SISTER-IN-CHARGE
Offers full courses in the following departments:
611 N. 43d St W. Philadelphia, Pa.
College, Normal, High School, Grammar School and

AVOID BAD SCHOOLS

industrial.
Good water, steam heat, electric lights, good drain-
age. Expenses very reasonable.
Opportunity for self-help. Educate your children at home under our expert teacher*
Fall Term Begins September, 1915
Courses for Adults
For information address
Write to
President R. W. McGRANAHAN Pupils received at any time.

KNOXVILLE, TENN. Educational Extension School, Box 3194 Station F, Washington, D. C.

Highly Endorsed. Financially Responsible.

THE AGRICULTURAL WILEY UNIVERSITY

and MARSHALL, TEXAS
TECHNICAL COLLEGE Recognized as a college of the First Class
of by Texas and Louisiana State Boards of
North Carolina Education. Harvard, Yale and Columbia
represented on its faculty students gath-
(Formerly the A. & M. College) ered from ten different states.
;

The 22d annual session will be-

Strongest Music Department in the West
gin September 1, 1915. Board,
lodging and tuition $8.00 per M. W. DOGAN, President

month. Four year. courses leading

to trade certificates. Four year FISK UNIVERSITY
college courses leading to degrees NASHVILLE, TENN.
of Bachelor of Science in Agricul- Founded 1866
ture and Bachelor of Science in Thorough Literary, Scientific, Educational,
Musical and Social Science Courses. Pioneer
Mechanics.
in Negro music. Special study in Negro life.
For catalog or further information Ideal and sanitary buildings and grounds.
Address Well-equipped Science building.
Christian home life.
President Dudley,A. & T. College
High standard of independent manhood and
GREENSBORO, N. C. womanhood. For literature, etc., write
C. W. Morrow. Acting President

Mention The Crisis

 ;

THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 161

The National Religious Training School

"I cordially commend the school's interest and needs to all who believe
in the Negro race and in our obligation to help promote its intellectual, moral
and religious uplift."
Rev. Dr. Charles H. Parkhurst, New York City.

It IS MORE THAN A MERE SCHOOL

IT IS A COMMUNITY OF SERVICE AND UPLIFT
Its influence destined to be felt in all sections of the country in improved
is

Negro community wherever our trained workers locate.

life
Settlement workers, missionaries for home and foreign mission fields, Y. M. C. A.
and Y. W. C. A. secretaries and district nurses receive a comprehensive grasp of their
studies under a Wellesley graduate and experienced co-workers and actual every-day
practice through the school's SOCIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT.
We aim also to create a better qualified ministry.
Industrial training, advanced literary branches, business school.
Thirty-two acres ten modern buildings healthful location.
; ;

We can accommodate a few more earnest, ambitious students.

Communities requiring social workers should write us.

For catalog and detailed information address:

PRESIDENT JAMES E. SHEPARD
National Religious Training School Durham, N. C.
The school has no endowment fund and must raise a yearly maintenance fund
of $15,000 for running expenses. Won't you. help us this year?

Downingtown Industrial
LINCOLN INSTITUTE and Agricultural School
Downingtown, Pa.

Founded by Negro soldiers. Sup-

Eleventh Session Begins
ported by the State of Missouri. For SEPTEMBER 16, 1915
both men and women. Faculty of 34
from the best schools and colleges of CO-EDUCATIONAL
the country. College Department, offer- Full Literary, Commercial, Domestic Science
ing four years' course with degree and Art, Trades and Agricultural Courses.
Bachelor of Arts Normal Department,
;

offering two years' course, followed by For information write Wm.

A. Creditt, Presi-
four years of Standard High School dent, 628 So. 19th Street, Philadelphia, Pa., or
B. C. Burnett, Secretary, Industrial School,
work, and leading to the Degree
Bachelor of Pedagogy College pre- Downingtown, Pa.
paratory course. Music, art, domestic
science, elocution,
trades courses.
agriculture,
Normal dioloma. Life
and PUBLISHER'S CHAT
certificate to teach in the public schools
The September CRISIS will be
of Missouri. One of the best schools
in the country for students of limited
CHICAGO NUMBER
devoted to an exposition of the splendid work of the
means. Catalog on request. 50,000 colored people of Chicago. There will be
pictures of the Eighth Regiment, its armory and its
officers; biographies of prominent citizens; views of
churches, buildings, etc. The October Crisis as usual
Opens September 1st will be

CHILDREN'S NUMBER
Wewant to publish 100 pictures of the most inter-
esting colored babies in America. All pictures must
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN ALLEN be in this office before September first. Send us un-
President conventional, stirring pictures and, if possible, do not
ask for the return of photographs. If returns must
JEFFERSON CITY MISSOURI be made, mark plainly on the back, and enclose post-
age. Hegin and send pictures now. They cannot
come too early.
Mention The Crisis
162 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER
OF INTEREST TO VOCAL STUDENTS E. ALDAMA JACKSON
TONE-PLACING AND Graduate Institute of Musical Art, Organist and Director
VOICE- DEVELOPMENT of Music St. Mark's M. E. Church

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Singing, Trying the Voice, the Theory course embraces elementary and advanced
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Director Paulist Choristers of Chicago."
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:

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Mention The Crisis

 :

THE CRISIS
Vol. 10 -No. 4 AUGUST, 1915 Whole No. 58

V. B. SPRATLIN MISS GOSSIN MISS LEALTAD L. H. RUSSELL

ALONG THE COLOR LINE

EDUCATION
C! EVERAL cases of scholastic distinc-
^ tion have come to us since last
month. Miss Catherine Deaver Lealtad
graduated from McAlester College, St.
Paul, Minnesota, with first honors in a
class of twenty-five completing the
course in three years. She made the best
scholarship record in the history of the
college and received the Noyes' scholar-
ship prize.
CIn Denver, Colorado, Valaurez B.
Spratlin a seventeen year old student
was among the honor men in a class of
two hundred and sixty-four graduates
of the Denver East Side High School.
Spratlin pursued his whole course with
his body encased in plaster of paris on
account of an attack of spinal meningitis.
Spratlin is also a brilliant pianist.
CIn the Museum of Fine Arts School,
Boston, Massachusetts, Miss Susan P.
V. Gossin a great granddaughter of John
B. Vashon and great-great grand-
daughter of the Rev. Thomas Paul has
been awarded a special scholarship for
excellence in the department of design.
of Pennsylvania for work in mathe-
matics and physics.
C Russell Lee of Des Moines, Iowa, is
eleven years of age and in three years
has done the school work which a nor-
mal child takes five and one-half years
to do. The principal of his school says
"In all my experience as a teacher I have
never seen a pupil make such remarkable
progress." In a recent test in mathe-
matics Lee ranked the whole school in
accuracy and efficiency.
CMiss Bernice Sanders who ranked her
class at Wilberforce University received
her degree "Surama Cum Laucie" instead
of "Magna" as announced month.
last
She attained "A" during
in every subject
her entire .college course. She has been
appointed a teacher in Wilberforce Uni-
versity with a year's leave of absence for
study at Radclifre.
C Edith A. Stone of Minneapolis occu-
pied the honor seat in the Whittier
School the last three months of the year
and will enter the high school at the age
of twelve.
CMiss R. A. Guinn of New Bedford is

CLouis H. Russell' received the degree a graduate of the Massachusetts College

of Master of Arts from Cornell for of Pharmacy and has passed the exami-
work in physics and mathematics. nation for the State Board.
C William B. Jason received the degree CThe colored school district of the
of Master of Arts from the University Highland 'Park section, Louisville, Ken-
164 THE
TRACK TEAM, PITTSBURG,
tucky, has received five thousand dollars,
their proportionate share of a railway
condemnation compromise.
([Mr. Julius Rosenwald has since Octo-
ber 1st, 1914, donated $6,191 toward the
building of twenty-one school houses for
colored children of Alabama. The State
of Alabama gave $3,150; white people
gave $1,570 and colored people them-
selves raised $9,279, a total of $21,190.
Mr. Rosenwald is offering to help build
two hundred school houses in Alabama
and the South during a period of five
years and will donate in all about $70,-
000. The money is given on condition
that the State and the colored people
help. The fund is administered by the
extention department of Tuskegee In-
stitute.
([James N. Saunders who holds a
Washington M Street High School
scholarship was graduated from Syra-
cuse University and won a prize for
essay writing.
CJ- D. Coleman a freshman of Bates
College has been awarded a scholarship
in Harvard College and a prize for ex-
cellence in Greek.
CMiss E. V. Johnson graduated in
music from the University of Pennsyl-
vania having made an excellent record..
CThe track team of the Pittsburgh Cen-
tral High School consists of eight mem-
bers four white and four colored. One
;
of the colored boys is captain.
CFisk University graduated thirty-
eight students twenty-one Bachelors of
; CMr. Harry C. Turner, Jr., son of Mr.
Art; twelve normal graduates and five
with certificates in teaching. There are
1,041 living alumni.
([Colored people of Jackson County,
CRISIS
PA., CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL
Arkansas, have purchased land on which
they plan to build an industrial school,
Old Glory College, in the fall.
CMiss Mary M. Gibson of Radcliffe has
written the music for the class song.
CA granddaughter of the late Bishop
Holly of Haiti was graduated this year
from St. Paul's School, Lawrenceville,
Virginia.
([A permanent office of the Association
of Negro Industrial and Secondary
Schools has been established at 20 Vesey
Street, New York City, with A. R.
Burnett as executive secretary. The
membership includes twenty-seven
schools in ten states and the Association
will be a center for publicity, methods,
standardized finance and co-operation.
([The. Governor of Pennsylvania, the
Hon. J. C. Napier, and the Rev. William
N. DeBerry have been elected trustees
of Fisk University.
([Prof. William Pickens has been
chosen Dean of Morgan College, Balti-
more.
CMiss Florence Anderson has been ap-
pointed State Supervisor of Colored
Rural Schools in Kentucky.
COn the twenty-fifth anniversary of
their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Julius
Rosenwald sent $5,000 to Tuskegee, to
be distributed among the teachers there.
C Fountain Peyton, a lawyer, has been
appointed to succeed Dr. C. H. Marshall
on the School Board of the District of
Columbia.
and Mrs. H. C. Turner of Boston, Mass.,
was on June 2d awarded the degree of
Ch. B. from the Medical Department of
Boston University.
 :

ALONG THE COLOR LINE 165

SOCIAL UPLIFT Missions, which was held at the Panama

PRESIDENT WILSON has issued a Exposition.
* proclamation bespeaking- national CBernice Hartley is the first colored
interest in Negro exposition to be
the woman to register as a voter in Nevada.
held in Richmond, Virginia, during the CThe Masons of Washington, D. C,
month of July. The President says have begun work on their new temple.
with characteristic diffidence CThe National League on Urban Con-
"The action of Congress in this matter ditions has opened a home for convales-
indicates very happily the desire of the cents at White Plains, New York.
nation as well as of the people of Vir- CThe Stoddard Baptist Home, Wash-
ginia to encourage the Negro in his ington, D. C, a retreat for the aged, will
efforts to solve his industrial problem." soon be opened.
C Henry Taylor a colored man of Tren- CThe Public School Board of Roslyn,
ton, Tennessee, rescued a fifteen year old Long Island, has been ordered by the
white girl from drowning. He will be court to admit the colored children
recommended for a Carnegie medal. which it formerly segregated. At a later
There are no threats of lynching. appearance at court they must show
CA Virginia Lawn Tennis Association cause why this order should not be made
has been formed and held an interesting permanent.
tournament at Lawrenceville. CDr. S. C. Dickerson of Chicago, has
CThe colored members of the Grand been placed upon the staff of the Rush
Jury of Passaic County, New Jersey, Medical College.
Messrs. Williams, Collins and Hopper CThe Rhode Island Pure Food and
were banqueted at Pater son recently. A Drug Commission has made Roscoe
white Episcopal clergyman presided and Heathman a member of its staff of drug
the sheriff of the county was present. experts.

CThe Chicago exposition has received

CAfter passing a successful examina-
tion,Arthur Sanderson, a patrolman of
an additional grant of $25,000 from the
Oakland, has been advanced to the
legislature on condition that they raise
grade of corporal.
a similar sum.
C Lyman Beecher Stowe and Emmet J.
Scott are at work on a life of Booker T.
Washington.
MEETINGS
CJ- O. Hopkins was re-elected to the
rpHE
A
bronze statue of Wendell Phil-
by French, was dedicated last
lips,
City Council of Wilmington, Delaware
month in Boston. It has been well
for a second term.
placed on a new boulevard. There were
C Because of ill health Mrs. W. H.
speeches by prominent men of both races
Baldwin, Jr., has resigned as chairman
and singing by a large colored choir.
of the National Urban League.
CThe sixteenth annual session of the
CThe City Federation of Colored National Medical Association will be
Women's Clubs, Kansas City, Missouri,
held in Chicago in August.
celebrated its tenth anniversary with a
CThe Iowa State Federation of Colored
banquet in the gymnasium of the new Women's Clubs will hold its fourteenth
$100,000 Y. M. C. A. Two hundred and annual session in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
twenty persons were present. The CDr. B. T. Washington was one of the
Federation includes nineteen clubs in- speakers at the Bloomington, Illinois
terested in painting, needlework, phil-
Chautauqua.
anthropy, school work and social study.
CThe New York State Federation of
CW. R. Dyke, of Goode, Bedford Coun- Colored Women's Clubs unveiled a
ty, Virginia, who rescued a baby from a monument to Harriet Tubman last
burning house has received the Carnegie month in the Fort Hill Cemetery,
Medal for heroism and one thousand Auburn, New York.
dollars. C Semi-centennial celebrations of free-
CMrs. Mary C. Terrell was one of the dom be held in Los Angeles and
will
principal speakers at the session of the Keokuk, Iowa. White and colored peo-
Baptist Council of Women for Home ple will take part in both celebrations.
166 THE
CThe Nebraska State Federation of
Women's Clubs held its tenth annual
session in Lincoln.
CAt the recent meeting of the Southern
Sociological Congress at Houston,
Texas, the colored speakers were Dr. C.
V. Roman, Dr. L. K. Williams, Prof. J.
W. Gilbert, Pres. J. A. Booker, Dr. R.
R. Wright and Monroe N. Work.
MUSIC AND ART
TV/TISS SARAH M.TALBERT of
*** Buffalo, New York, daughter of
Mrs. Mary B. Talbert, president of the
New York State Federation of Clubs,
was a graduating member of the piano
class of 1915, of the New England Con-
servatory, Boston, Mass.
Cln the Devonshire town of Exeter, the
Exeter Oratorio Society gave a concert
for the War Fund of England, at which
the first two parts of the Hiawatha Tri-
logy were the cantatas presented.
During the same month at Bourne-
mouth, England, the program of the
Pop Concert illustrating nationalistic
tendencies, gave S. Coleridge-Taylor's
tone-poem for Orchestra, "Bamboula,"
as an example of British music.
COn June 17th at the second concert of
the Lyric Club, Charles City, Iowa,
Coleridge-Taylor's "Low Breathing
Winds" was sung by the club under the
direction of Frank Parker of Cedar
Valley Seminary.
C Harry T. Burleigh's "The Glory of
the Day was in Her Face," a song for
high voice; the words by James Johnson,
is named by Musical America as an
American composition worthy of recog-
nition for teaching and public perform-
ance.
"Heigh Ho," by Burleigh, was among
the song offerings of Mr. Joseph
Mathieu, tenor, of the Stanley Quartet
of New York, at a concert given at
Kingston, New York.
CThe pupils of Miss Georgine Glover,
pianist, of Boston, Mass., were heard in
a successful recital at Court Hall on
June 25th.
C Another program of merit was pre-
sented by the piano pupils of Miss Mary
L. Europe, on June 25th at Lincoln
Temple, Washington, D. C.
CAlbert Spalding, the distinguished
CRISIS
American violinist-composer, has con-
tinued the production of violin adapta-
tions of old plantation melodies and will
offer the same to the South American
music-lovers during his present concert
tour.
CThe North Side Choral Club and
Orchestra under the direction of J. R.
Rogers gave "Hiawatha's Wedding
Feast" in Pittsburgh.
CMiss M. L. York gave a piano recital
at the Bethel A. M. E. Church at New
Bedford, Mass.
CThe People's Choral Society of Phila-
delphia gave a benefit concert at Musical
Fund Hall to assist Miss Marion E.
Anderson, a young contralto with a very
beautiful voice.
CA Negro Folk Song Festival with five
hundred voices under the direction of
Mme. Lincolnia Haynes-Morgan was
given at the Texas Normal Industrial
Institute at Dallas, Texas. Over fifteen
hundred persons attended.
PERSONAL
MR.
*-*-*-
R. F. C. COOPER a colored
Jamaican and second year student
in medicine at Dalhousie University,
Halifax, has rendered a signal service to
his college, as well as shown evidence of
exceptional ability, in his chosen profes-
sion, by drawing a set of twenty-five
charts, or diagrams in colors, for use in
the Histological Department of the Medi-
cal College. These diagrams are scien-
tificallycorrect as well as artistically be-
yond criticism, but further than that they
consitute a very valuable asset in the
teaching equipment.
CMr. Charles Alexander has been put
in charge of the correspondence with
colored people at the Panama Exposi-
tion.
CN. H. Lane, the aged janitor of an
officebuilding in Los Angeles, groped his
way through the smoke in the burning
building and saved two men.
CMrs. Anna R. Copeland, widow of W.
L. Copeland, whose brother was exe-
cuted with John Brown, died recently in
Hot Springs, Va.
CGustavus Milbiser, a wealthy mill
owner of Richmond, Va., bequeathed
fivehundred dollars to Rosa S. Dixon,
and a sum to be placed in trust, from
 ALONG THE COLOR LINE
which she will derive five hundred
lars a year.
CThe of E. E. Des Verney of
will
Savannah, Ga., disposes of $50,000.
CMr. U. Buckner, a colored man, is
trainer for the Chicago White Sox.
C Thomas Rutling, the first tenor of the
famous Fisk Jubilee Choir, and its last
# more and Washington. W. W. Rouke
surviving member, died recently at Har-
rowgate, England.
CRev. T. W. Henderson, D.D., a prom-
inent minister of the A. M. E. Church,
is dead.
CThe Delta Penny Savings Bank at In-
dianola, Miss., has been certified by the
State Banking Department.
CE. C. Brown, who has conducted a
successful banking business in Newport
News, plans to open a bank in Washing-
ton, D. C.
([Mr, Chas. McQueen of Texas has in-
vented a weight motor house-fan, that
goes automatically by winding, like a
clock.
CDr. G. A. Buckner of Indiana, U. S.
Minister to Liberia, who is home on
leave, says that country is feeling the
European War.
effects of the The
eign trade of the country has stopped
entirely.
CDr. Chas. H. Roberts, a leading den-
tist of New York City, has gone to
Paris to work in the clinic for the
soldiers.
THE CHURCH
C INCE the establishment of the Cath-
^ Board for Colored Missions,
olic
forty new missions have been started
and over five thousand children received
in school. The work which has been
done mainly in the South suffers from a
lack of priests and sisters.
([The New England Missionary Bap-
tistConvention held its forty-first an-
nual session at Mt. Olivet Baptist
Church, New York City.
CA Census report, relating to the Negro
Church, says there are four colored
priests in the Roman
Catholic Church in
the U. S. and one colored priest in the
Greek Church.
CThe splendid new building of St.
James Presbyterian Church, in New
York City was dedicated in June.
167
dol- ECONOMICS
HP HE Fair Publishing Company,
A backed by colored people, is said
to be about to begin a series of weekly
newspapers published in Philadelphia
and distributed with local additions in
Philadelphia, New York, Boston, Balti-
is editor and Dr. A. T. Boyer president
of the corporation.
C Plans are nearly complete for the re-
opening of the bank in Mound Bayou.
The old bank building has been bought
and $10,000 deposited in the Cleveland
State Bank.
CThe Tunnel and Subway Contractors'
International Union, New York City,
the Tobacco Workers and the United
Mine Workers of America, are three
unions that admit colored men freely.
C Teachers of industrial arts in the
Baltimore and Washington schools have
formed an Interstate Industrial Arts
Association with Mr. D. A. Brooks as
president.
FOREIGN
for-
TJELOS R. DAVIS, Kansas City,
*-^ died recently in Amherstburg,
Canada. His father escaped to Canada
on the underground railroad.
CAt the head of the regiment of Egyp-
tian artillery, now fighting on the Yser,
is a young West African, Col. Pasquale
Denoix, who made a brilliant record at
the Military Academy at Bordeaux.
CA colored commissioner of St. Thom-
as, D. Hamilton Jackson, made a special
trip to Denmark and obtained from the
Parliament, freedom of speech for the
islanders, full suffrage for natives, uni-
versity education in Denmark for grad-
uates of the island schools, replacement
of white gendarmes by native police.
The governor, who was the friend of
the planters, has been recalled and the
land which has been held by the planters
has been thrown open to the natives, who
can get loans from the government with
which to buy it.
Mr. Jackson spoke before the King of
Denmark and was invited by the King
of Sweden to visit him. He will pass
through New York shortly.
CMrs. Sharp, who conducts a school
for girls in the bush country, West
168 THE
Africa, tells in a letter to friends here
of the country's need for provisions, be-
cause of the stopping of all commerce.
What little food is left is very high. She
also tells of the help Mai or Charles
Young has given her. He heard of her
school from the natives and built a road,
cleared some land, planted rice and gave
her one hundred dollars.
COne of a company of signalers, at-
tached to the First West India Regi-
ment, now taking part in the fighting
against the Germans in Africa, displayed
great bravery recently, under a thick
fire.
f[The official report from Paris tells of
the successful capture of a trench near
the Dardanelles, under cover of the dark.
Following orders, a mixed company of
colored and white volunteers crept on
hands and knees, up the embankment,
and so surprised the Turks that they
fired in the air and fled.
C Bishop Joseph C. Hartzell of the
Methodist Episcopal Church, recently
returned from Africa, says that the war
is affecting every part of the country,
making living high and stopping busi-
ness. Fighting between the different
colonial forces is going on all over the
continent.
C Christopher A. Sapara Williams, a
barrister, native of Sierra Leone, but
resident in Lagos, is dead. He was an
influential man in the colony and held
many positions of public trust.
m broke her engagement to him when she
COURTS
T AWYER HARRY E. DAVIS of
**' Cleveland, Ohio, won a case some
time ago under the Ohio Civil Rights
law, where a restaurant had refused to
serve a colored man. The case was ap-
pealed to the highest court. Lately the
court has sustained the verdict against
the restaurant people who were fined
fifty dollars.
THE GHETTO
f^ ASES which grew out of the mur-
^ der of Negroes by a mob in Pales-
tine, Tex., some years ago, have been
thrown out of court.
CSenator Vardaman of Mississippi is
speaking for Chautauquas throughout
the west. His subject is always the race
question.
CRISIS
CFear is expressed in a white news-
paper that Negroes will be able to name
members of the City Council in Way-
new charter is adopted.
cross, Ga., if the
CMrs. Alice Jackson, a colored woman
who with Geo. Savage, white, was con-
victed of violating the Mann Act and
sent to prison, is in ill health. Savage
was pardoned by President Wilson but
no thought has been given to the woman.
f[A story comes from Oklahoma of the
death-bed confession of Robert Lawson,
a white man, who says he killed and
robbed M. J. Scott, a wealthy resident
of Kingston, De Soto Parish, La., thirty-
four years ago. At the time a Negro,
Wash Allen, was quickly lynched for the
crime.
C Betty Hicks, who fell heir to an $80,-
000 estate from the white father of her
children, has been declared insane by a
Tennessee jury. There is not the slight-
est contention that she is insane but the
courts want to appoint a white guardian
for her money. The case is still pending
in court and the lawyers are getting a
large part of the estate.
CJohn Donaldson, Frank Wickware
and a Cuban named Mendez, all colored,
are said to be the equal of the best
pitchers in the major leagues. White
managers are aware of the splendid ma-
terial they miss through color preju-
dice.
CDr. T. T. Wilkerson, of Jersey City,
left $10,000 to a former fiancee, who
discovered he was colored. She is mar-
ried and lives in Jersey City. The rest
of his estate he left to charities in the
South.
CRIME
rYy HE
following lynchings have taken
* place since our last record At :
Round Oak, Jones County, Ga., S.
Thomas, W. Gordon and S. Farrar and
"probably" Green and his son an "un-;
known man" and perhaps "several
more," for the alleged murder of a while
planter who was forcibly collecting a
"small debt."
At West Point, Mississippi, a Negro
accused of entering a white girl's room.
At Lewisville, Arkansas, Lon Healy,
who shot and killed Roy Lester after a
dispute concerning food on credit.
 A NOTED SINGER time to studies and the education of
A NITA PATTI BROWN was born her daughter. She had an extended
* *• near Atlanta, Georgia, and as a knowledge of literature and history, was
child showed unusual fondness for sing- a keen student and singularly free from
ing. Her parents moved to Indianapolis, prejudices. She numbered the leading
Indiana, where she sang in the choir but colored men of her day among her in-
her father did little to support the fam- timate friends. Many of her relatives
ily and before she was sixteen the girl attained prominence. Her brother was
was working in private homes for a liv- the first colored physician of Charleston,
ing. Eventually she came to Chicago South Carolina, and at one time post-
and married Mr. A. A. Brown who 'im- master of the city. Another brother was
mediately made it possible for her to section chief of the treasury department.
carry on her studies. A sister was the wife of the late Andrew
She won a scholarship in the Chicago J. Jones of Philadelphia.
Musical College and soon began her con- For several years Mrs. Matthews
cert trips. She has traveled all over the made her home with her daughter at
United States, the British West Indies Macon, Georgia-,- where her death took
and South America and is without doubt place in the spring.
one of the best soloists among Negro
Americans and notable among Ameri-
cans of any race. A SOCIAL WORKER
"IVfRS. MUSETTE B. GREGORY
A SOCIAL LEADER *"=* was born in Washington, D. C,
MRS. EURETTA B O Z E MAN and educated in the public schools. She
MATTHEWS afterward became a
was born at Troy, teacher but finally
New York, March married Mr. Eugene
28th, 1851. In 1876 Gregory, a graduate
she came to Wash- of Harvard and law-
ington as a teacher yer in New York
,r 1 soon attained City. Mrs. Gregory
prominence as a devotes much of her
writer of short time to the work of
articles. In 1883 she She is a
social uplift.
married William E. member of the board
Matthews, a success- of managers of the
ful broker and leader Old Folks' Home of
in social circles. He Newark and of the
acquired a consider- Music School Settle-
able fortune and ment of New York
after his death in City ; she is a member
1894 Mrs. Matthews and ex-President of
carried on his work. the Phyllis Wheatley
Finally, however, she Literary Society of
retired from business Newark and founder
and devoted her MME. ANITA PATTIBROWN of the Urban Liter-
170 THE CRISIS

THE LATE MRS. E. B. MATTHEWS MRS. M. B. GREGORY

ary Society of Trenton. Most of Mrs. Committee of the Episcopal Cathedral of

Gregory's time, however, is given to the St. John the Divine and is doing excel-
Home for Working Girls at 132 West lent service for working girls. The home
131st Street, New York City. This home has been in existence for five years and
is under the patronage of the Missionary is now looking for larger quarters.

BANQUET OF.THE:fEDERATION OF COLORED WOMEN'S.CLUBS, KANSAS CITY, MO.KSee p. 165) < |

 : ;
OpiAi^rss
THE GRANDFATHER DECISION
the northern The mass of opinion
press which has been brought
out by the decision of
the Supreme Court is, on the whole,
most encouraging to believers in demo-
cracy, and a distinct warning to the re-
actionary South. The Oklahoma law
which was declared unconstitutional is
as follows
"No person shall be registered as an
elector of this state or be allowed to vote
in any election herein unless he shall be
able to read and write any section of the
Cqnstitution of the State of Oklahoma
but no person who was on January 1,
1866, or at any time prior thereto, en-
titled to vote under any form of govern-
ment, or who at any time resided in
some foreign nation and no lineal de-
scendant of such person shall be denied
the right to register and vote because of
his inability to so read and write sections
of such Constitution."
Several papers dwell on the unreason-
able time it has taken the Supreme Court
to come to this case. "It has looked for
years," says the Troy (N. Y.) Times,
"as if the United States Supreme Court
would never get face to face with the
attempt to disfranchise the Negroes of
the South."
The Boston Post, the Helena (Mont.)
Record and the New York Evening Post
comment upon this. The last paper says : of the Southern control of Congress
"Everybody has always known that
these discriminating suffrage statutes
were shams and tricks. They pretended
to do one thing while compassing an-
other. But now it is the technicality lov-
ing judges who have brushed aside the
technicalities, gone straight to the heart
of the case, and declared bluntlv that no
such thing as a 'subterfuge' franchise
can exist in this republic. All the talk
for years past of doing something to en-
hance the popular esteem for the courts
seems weak and pale compared with
what the Supreme Court has done to
:
exalt itself as a tribunal of high and ex-
act justice, by this one splendid stroke."
In the North there is much speculation
as to the practical result of this decision.
"It is a great victory for the colored
race it is a great victory for civilization
;
and citizenship," says the New Haven
(Conn.) Times Leader.
Some papers are very optimistic. The
Gazette of Trenton, N. J., says
"It is possible that most of the legis-
lation in the southern states to prevent
Negroes from voting will be upset, or at
least greatly modified."
The Gazette Times of Pittsburgh, Pa.,
adds:
"Congress has power to enact laws en-
forcing the Fifteenth Amendment, and
it can reach into any state to regulate
federal elections. The Democrats have
been talking of passing a cloture rule in
the Senate next winter, so that no meas-
ure can be talked to death and that ac-
tion one way or the other can be secured.
If they do that, and in the next or a suc-
ceeding Congress the Republicans obtain
control, then there is likely to be revival
of the effort to assure fuller voting
rights to the colored men of the South.
That opens illimitable possibilities of
contention."
The Bridgeport (Conn.) Post says:
"The importance of this ruling for the
North cannot be over estimated. Part
comes from the effect of such unconsti-
tutional laws. With equal suffrage in
the South today that control would not
exist in the incoming Congress. The de-
cision is of vital importance."
The Times of Portsmouth, Ohio,
thinks that this decision "again opens
for contention those civic or quasi pub-
lic rights, such as the common admission
to hotels, theatres, trains and other quasi
public places and amusements frbm
which the Negro has been quite exten-
sively debarred."
Other papers are less optimistic, but

172 THE
nevertheless hopeful. The Democrat
Chronicle of Rochester, N. Y., writes
"The most that can be expected from
the decision, in states where race bigotry
is rampant, is that the status of the col-
ored voter will be improved. The his-
tory of his struggle for his rights forbids
any hope that he will at once be freely
accorded all that is his due. The thing
most to be dreaded is a return to old
forms of intimidation."
The New Bedford, (Mass.) Standard
inquires
"Whether the ingenuity of the south-
ern states will be equal to devising an
arrangement which will, in effect,
franchise the majority of the Negroes
without violating the Fifteenth Amend-
ment."
The Kansas City (Mo.) Journal is
sure that "for the time being at least a
halt has been called to the defiance of
the constitutional provision that the right
of suffrage shall not be denied by reason
of race, color or previous condition of
servitude. Something must be devised
more ingenious than this crude attempt
to circumvent the plain letter of the
solemn and binding amendment to the
federal constitution, an amendment writ-
ten in the blood of half a million men
who gave their lives on Northern and
Southern fields during four years of
civil war."
And the Springfield Republican says
"The South is again confronted with
the suffrage problem by reason of this
decision. The nullity of the Oklahoma
law carries with the nullity of all sim-
it
ilar laws. Practically the effect need
not be the capture of the state govern-
ments, the county governments and the
municipal governmentsby ignorant
masses of again enfranchised.
voters
Literacy and property tests for voting
applied as hitherto would insure govern-
ment by the educated portion of the
population and also that portion having
a property stake in the community. What
is now necessary is that the ignorant and
illiterate white as well as the ignorant
and illiterate black shall be barred."
On the other hand, the Plain Dealer
of Cleveland, Ohio, fears that further
efforts to circumvent the Fifteenth
Amendment will not only be tolerated
but "welcomed" in the South.
: : : :
CRISIS
The Buffalo Express says
"This may end the legal attempts to
keep Negroes from voting. But how
about the illegal ones? When is the
United States to suppress intimidation
and false counting?"
The Norwich (Conn.) Record re-
minds us that there are places in the
South where a Negro would not dare
even "to try to vote."
The Binghamton (N. Y.) Press says:
"But there is still a question unan-
swered. The Federal Court can abolish
the 'grandfather clause,' but it can't
abolish the grandfathers, or the grand-
dis- sons, either. And the Negro citizen may
find in Oklahoma, as they have found
elsewhere, that getting the right to vote
from the Supreme Court in Washington
is not exactly the same thing as getting
the right from the election board in their
own voting district."
Most of the papers dwell upon the
essentially undemocratic nature of the
"Grandfather Clause." "It reeked with
injustice," says the Public Ledger of
Philadelphia. "These 'trick laws' have
'been a disgrace,' " says the Philadelphia
Enquirer. It adds
"If Southern States were in actual
danger of being subjected to rule by
ignorant colored voters there would be
much sympathy for them. But there is
no reason why they should be that is—
if they are willing to eliminate all illit-
erate persons, whether white or black,
from the voting franchise. They cannot
point to illiterate colored men and say
to them, 'You shall not vote,' unless at
the same time they shall. point to the il-
literate whites and say precisely the same
thing to them."
The Hartford (Conn.) Courant says:
"If the South would accept the doc-
trine that ignorance is just as bad in a
white man as in a Negro, and make its
political estimates on personal character
instead of the color of the skin or the
tint of the eyes, the white citizens and
the Negro citizens of that region would
soon work their problem out in satisfac-
tory shape."
A few of the editors strike at the
deeper questions involved. The Boston
Traveler, for instance, declares that:
"The whites of the South have never,
as a body, shown any great degree of

OPINIONS
reverence for any law that conflicted
with their wishes, local or general. The
conditions prevailing at Atlanta, Ga., of
late, where companies of soldiers have
had to protect the Governor of the state
from the fury of the mob because of the
conscientious performance of his duty,
is characteristic of the dangerous vaga-
ries of the white people of the South.
Their neighborhood feuds and murders
are symptomatic of their attitude of
mind toward matters of broader nation-
al importance. With many of them
prejudice and hatred are more powerful
than statutes and courts. To many of
them a lynching is a holiday and a 'nig-
ger hunt' an occasion of rare enjoy-
ment."
The Milwaukee (Wis.) Leader says:
"The Farmers' alliance and the Popu-
list movements made it manifest to the
small white farmers that they had an
identity of economic and political inter-
ests with the Negro renters. It was this
very fact that made the Populist move-
ment so menacing to the ruling olig-
archies then in control of the Demo-
cratic party. Though devoted to 'white
supremacy' and opposed to Negro suf-
frage, the Democratic organizations in
such states as Alabama and Georgia only
succeeded in maintaining their hold by
gigantic ballot frauds in the black coun-
ties. They ceased, by their own showing
in the fraudulent election returns, to be
the choice of white majorities and owed
their election and continuance in power
to Negro votes.
"The Supreme Court has interpreted
and defined the law, but it can not very
well invade every voting precinct in the
South and place a ballot in the Negro's
hands. When the time shall come, when
economic conditions and the education
of the masses in the South shall awaken
the men who toil and labor to their com-
mon interests, the very class that is now
so fearful of 'Negro sovereignty' will be
found appealing to the Negro voter to
help save 'Old Massa' from the scala-
wags who want to 'confiscate' his prop-
erty.
"The Almighty Dollar knows no color
line."
The Paterson (N. J.) Press says:
"One of the curious sequences of this
discussion is the change it has brought
:
176
in attitude of the South towards
the
woman suffrage. That section had been
reported as generally opposed to equal
suffrage, fearing that it would give votes
to Negro women. Now it is said that
Democratic politicians in the South feel
that woman suffrage is their only salva-
tion. But, as that cause is based upon
equal rights for all, if it is won how can
Negro women be ruled out of the voting
class? And if they do vote, will not the
race trouble be as acute as it was be-
fore?"
A
fair statement of the conclusion of
level-headed thinkers is given in the
Washington correspondence in the New
York Evening Post sent on the day of
the decision.
"The most important race decision
since the Dred Scott holding, is the way
in which the capital today regards the
Supreme Court's decision striking down
the 'grandfather clause' legislation of
the Southern States. Taken in connec-
tion with another of the court's decis-
ions —all rendered yesterday —
to the ef-
fect that a Negro not only has a consti-
tutional right to vote, but to have his
vote counted, it is believed that the Ne-
gro once more may become a potent
factor in the community in the South-
land, wherever he may reside.
. "By upholding a criminal conviction
of election officials in the Oklahoma case
for denying Negroes the right to vote,
and by approving the award of money as
damages to Negroes turned away from
the registration booths in Annapolis,
Md., the court demonstrated that both
the penitentiary and the purse of election
officials are to be used as means of en-
forcing the nation's supreme law that the
right of citizens to vote shall not be de-
nied or abridged by the United States or
the States on account of race, color, or
previous condition of servitude."
m
THE COPPERHEAD
PRESS.
southern The New York Times leads
sympa- the"copperheads" in the
thizers North with a long distribe
against Negro suffrage and
some fine heroics about "the determina-
tion of the white man to rule the land
!"
wherein he lived
The New York Sun also declares that

174 THE
"There is no sentiment of substantial
importance North or South for a radical
change in the political status of the
Negro in the Southern States."
"Legal attempts to keep the Negroes
from voting may stop," says the Knick-
erbocker Press of Albany, New York,
"but the illegal attempts are likely to
continue and they are likely to be suc-
cessful, for the white people of the south
will continue to refuse to let Negroes
rule them through the ballot box. There
is no law which is strong enough to over-
come this race prejudice or to suppress
intimidation and false counting."
"The situation is almost unbearable,"
says the Union Advertiser of Rochester-
New York:
"The whites have proved that,
necessary, they will resort to force of
arms to prevent the blacks from gaining
the supremacy, and the Fifteenth
Amendment stands directly in the way
of their gaining what they will have by
legal methods. Intimidation, bad politics,
illegality have been the result of a seem-
ingly unsolvable problem."
The Waterbury (Conn.) American
complains of being disturbed since "the
country had for the most part become
reconciled to the devise by which the
South had overcome the constitutional
amendment which allowed the Negroes
to vote."
The southern editor of the Chicago
Tribune in a long and rather maudlin
editorial complains that we are thus
"brought back to the existence of the
Fifteenth Amendment and to the great
problem its authors foolishly thought
could be solved by words. But under-
lying this situation there is a problem of
the national mind which affects all our
problems. We indulge ourselves in
theoretical altruism for which we are
seldom willing to pay. We pamper our-
selyes with an optimism which wet will
not permit to be challenged by uncom-
fortable facts."
THE SOUTH.
bourbon The attitude of the South
and pro- toward the Supreme Court
gressive decision is most illuminating.
First, there are certain con-
:
CRISIS
fessions of fact. The Columbia (S. C.)
State says, for instance
"There are now in South Carolina
about 180,000 white men of voting age
and about 175,000 Negroes. Of the
latter about 33,000 are qualified to ob-
tain registration certificates as property-
holders, regardless of literacy and, ac-
cording to the loose census definition,
only 40,000 of the Negro male adults are
illiterate. Probably 50,000 or 60,000
Negroes in this State are lawfully quali-
fied to register. In the last presidential
election the combined Taft and Roose-
velt vote was less than 2,000."
T. C. Manning a banished southerner
writing for the Boston Traveler declares
that the white masses "voted against
if Alabama's disfranchising constitution"
but all in vain because "ratification was
secured by the black belt frauds. Dallas
county, for example, having 2,500 whites
and 8,000 colored male citizens of voting
age, would return 8,000 majority for the
ratification of the constitution.
"The results we see in Alabama today.
The present Governor of Alabama is-
Governor by the grace of about 6£),000
voters. There are as many disfranchised
whites in Alabama as there are of dis-
franchised colored. The motive. of the
legislation was not so much to disfran-
chise the Negro, as claimed, as to obliter-
ate the opposition to the Democratic
oligarchy. This fact is what the Ameri-
can people need to understand."
The first impulse of the South is to
dismiss such facts together with this de-
cision as unimportant. "It may be con-
fidently predicted," says the Knoxville
(Tenn.) Sentinel, "that any expectations
of political revolutions in the near future
in the South that may be based upon the
a decision declaring the 'Grandfather
clauses' unconstitutional are doomed to
be disappointed."
The Times Union of Jacksonville,
Fla., is even more naive:
"So the South does not need to discrim-
inate between voters on the color line.
The Negro cannot control anywhere, and
is not even the balance of power any-
where. The Negro has increased the
representation of Southern states in
Congress, and the vote of Southern
states in the electoral college, and that
is all that remains of the effect of the
 :
OPINIONS
laws that gave him the ballot ; and that
increase representation in Congress
in
and in the vote in the electoral college
is a Democratic increase, and would re-
main so if the grandfather clause were
taken out of every state constitution in
which it has been inserted."
Even if there is any danger say
other papers it can be easily "circum-
vented" by "contrivances." Thus the
Raleigh (N. C.) Times says, "It would
not be hard to devise another amend-
ment that would stand."
The News Observer of the same city
declares that "Those who think that it is
impossible to frame suffrage laws to
meet the necessity fail to understand the
resource of the statesmanship of the
South."
The Louisville (Ky.) Times suggests
that:
"Certain it is that the white man will
not again submit to his political domina-
tion as in the days of the Carpetbagger.
The simple expedient of force will
doubtless be used if all other means
fail."
On
the whole, the faith of the South
is pinned to the "White Primary" and
we have two frank explanations of what
the "White Primarv" means. One is
from the Columbia (S. C.) State:
"As the Negroes ceased voting, in the
early eighties, in the counties, primaries
were instituted and these rapidly came to
be the deciding elections. In 1886 mem-
bers of the National House of Repre-
sentatives began to be chosen by primar-
ies and some years later the primaries
became the method of choosing State
officers, too.
"In other words South Carolina went
back practically to the system that pre-
vailed in 1860. The primary became
what the general election was then. The
Negroes were gradually excluded from
the primaries."
The Saginaw (Mich.) Neivs adds this
illuminating bit
"Take for instance the so-called 'black
counties' of Texas. In manv of these
counties, lying principally in the Colo-
rado and Brazos river bottoms, the
Negro population numerically is the
largest, and without the methods adopted
by the whites to control the majority the
blacks could and would elect their own
175
race officials. But for many years there
has existed in these counties a white
man's league. It includes every reput-
able white man, irrespective of politics,
in the county. As soon as a new comer
arrhes he is invited to join the league.
Failing to do so, he can obtain no credit
or financial assistance from any member.
As these are strictly farming communi-
ties where the crops, principally cotton,
are raised on credit, the efficiency of the
plan is apparent. The white man's
league holds conventions, settles its own
differences, political and otherwise, and
makes its nominations for county offi-
cers.
"Now comes the place where the
Texas law lends its aid to the leaguers.
The bonds of county officials must be
signed by responsible individuals resid-
ing within the county. As every finan-
cially responsible bondsman is a member
of the league only its nominee can
qualify."
Small wonder that the Macon (Ga.)
Nezus declares "the white primary has
long since solved the problem of the
Negro in politics in this State, and even
if the Georgia registration law should
ever be annulled by the Supreme Court
of the United States the Negro would
only be able to participate in the general
elections and the national electipn.
in
The Negro eliminated from Georgia
is
politics for good and for all time."
Several papers, however, see beyond
their noses. The Louisville (Ky.) Post
pins its faith to the continued solid white
vote of the South. The Charleston
News and Courier sees, however, the un-
fortunate results of this method of vot-
ing. "The net result of the 15th Amend-
ment, the full force of which is now
asserted by the Supreme Court, has been
to prevent the white people of the South-
ern States from dividing upon political
questions into those natural divisions
which are the rule elsewhere. It has not
given the Negro any practical advantage
whatsoever. Instead it has made matters
more difficult for him. But it has re-
pressed the development of a healthy
political independence on the part of the
whites."
The real danger of intelligent efforts
in the white South lies in the ignorance
of white people. The Louisiana des-
 176 THE CRISIS

patch to the New York Herald says that The Houston (Tex.) Chronicle is
the coming constitutional convention most amusing. It practically says "sh !"

"will face the problem of whether the "The less said about politics, so far as
several thousand of illiterate white the Negro concerned, and the less
is
voters possessed of no property" shall laws passed and the less commotion in-
be "disfranchised or be admitted to the vited the better it will be for him and
franchise through some new method." for the white people with whom he lives
The Charleston News and Courier, and to whom, under favorable condi-
says "Wherever any considerable num- tions, he is of tremendous economic
ber of white men are unable to read and
value."
write there is a joint in the armor of
white supremacy. This is the South's,
"Southern journalist," writing in the
real weakness, which ought to be cured
Boston Transcript regards all this of
without delay." little avail. He
declares that "the gen-
Of course the corollary of this is that eral disqualification of theNegro in the
the Negroes must be kept in becoming South by a literacy test is not possible,"
ignorance Meantime the plea to intelli-
!
and also that the Negro is becoming a
gent Negroes not to want to vote and, property holder on a large scale. While
not to let their followers vote bobs up, the Supreme Court decision is not likely
again. The News Leader of Richmond, to have immediate political effect yet he
Va., says: \
says:
"The law-abiding, self-re-
intelligent, "It will, however, have a revolution-
specting Negroes, who are the product ary, though slow, influence on the whole
of the South's 'restricted franchise legis- social and industrial structure of the
lation,' and who are in a position to ,
South. It will be worth, in educational
leaven the masses with higher aspira- value, more than a direct appropriation
tions, would be guilty of a crime against or endowment of millions for schools.
their race if they did not discourage all It will, in a word, do more to reduce
suggestion from any quarter whatever illiteracy than all the propaganda and
that the decision in the 'grandfather, compulsory education laws put together.
clause' cases stands for aught but what It is not an exaggeration, therefore, to
appears on its face." say that the ultimate effect of the de-
The Chronicle of Augusta, Ga., is of cision on Southern development will be
course sure that "politics is the greatest but slightly less than that exerted by the
danger of the Negro." Emancipation Proclamation,"

O whitened head entwined in turban gay, So often hast thou to thy bosom pressed
O kind black face, O crude, but tender The golden head, the face and brow of
hand, snow;
O foster-mother in whose arms there lay So often has it 'gainst thy broad, dark'
The race whose sons are masters of the breast
land!
Lain, set off like a quickened cameo.
It was thine arms that sheltered in their
Thou simple soul, as cuddling that babe
fold,
With thy sweet croon, so plaintive and
It was thine eyes that followed through
so wild,
the length
Of infant days these sons. In times of Came ne'er the thought to thee, swift
like a stab,
old
It was thy breast that nourished them to That it some day might crush thine own
strength. black child?
 LINCOLN AND TRUTH FRANK
HE picture of Sojourner HE Frank case only offers
Truth with Lincoln, on illustration of the truth
the cover of your August that in the South all
number, revives many things may be brought
thrilling childhood mem- about by an appeal to
ories in my mind. So- prejudice. This case dif-
journer Truth stayed with us through fers from similar cases principally in
the time of one of the woman suffrage that the victimwas a Jew instead of a
conventions in New York City. I was a Negro and that a governor had courage
little girl and very proud of my reading, enough at the last to resist the popular
and I used to read to Sojourner. One clamor for his blood and base his decis-
day she told me, when I suppose I ion on the evidence in the case. The
showed some surprise at her not being case also illustrates strikingly the inade-
able to read, that "she could not read quacy of our legal machinery in solving

such little things as letters ; that she read questions of justice. Frank escaped a
men." legal lynching
by the narrowest possible
Harriot Stanton Blatch. margin. His sentence was commuted by
Governor Slaton only a few hours be-
fore the time appointed for his death.
VOTES FOR WOMEN" His appeal had been carried to the bu-
HE editor had naturally preme Court of the United States. The
expected to embellish majority of the body like that of the
this number of The State Supreme Court based its adverse
Crisis with a particular- decision entirely on points of law. It
ly strong article on practically said that Frank had had a
woman suffrage. He fair trial in law, if not in fact.
was going to marshall arguments, use a It is also difficult, it seems, for Boards
bit of sarcasm and end with some appeal of Pardon and Governors to deal with
to justiceand sentiment. —
an "atmosphere" say such an atmos-
However, after he had read the sym- phere as that of Atlanta, during the
posiums sent us so quickly and court- hours in which Frank's life hung in the
eously by our friends from Boston to balance. Perhaps that is the real reason
Tacoma and from St. Paul to Atlanta for the logical decision that a man of
he saw no necessity of adding a single whose guilt there is too grave a doubt
word to what must be regarded as one to hang him, may still be found guilty
of Ihe strongest cumulative attacks on with enough certainty to spend his life
sex and race discrimination in politics in a Georgia convict camp. At all events
ever written. it is very like the law.

VOTES FOR
A Symposium by Leading Thinkers
THE LOGIC OF WOMAN SUFFRAGE
BY REV. FRANCIS J. GRIMKE
Pastor 15th St. Presbyterian Church,
Washington, D. C.
AM heartily in favor of woman
I frage. I did not use to be, but
was simply because I had not given the
subject due consideration. The moment
I began to think seriously about it, I
became convinced that I was wrong, and
swung over on the other side, and have
been on that side ever since. I do not
see how any one who stops to think,
who takes a common sense view of
things, can be opposed to the franchise
for women. What is this right to vote,
after all? Is it not simply the right to
form an opinion or judgment as to the
character and fitness of those who are to
be entrusted with the high and responsi-
ble duty of making laws and of admin-
istering the laws after they are made,
and of having that judgment count in
the selection of public officials?
ballot simply the expression of the in-
is
dividual judgment in regard to such
matters. Such being the case three
things are perfectly clear in my mind
(1). The interests of women are just
as much involved in the enactment of
laws, and in the administration of laws,
as are the interests of men. In some
respects they are even more so. In
many things, such as the liquor traffic,
: .
WOMEN
of Colored America
and other demoralizing
the social evil,
influences,which directly affect the
peace and happiness of the home, the
kind of laws that are enacted, and the
character of the men who are to enforce
suf-
them, have for women a peculiar, a spe-
it-
cial interest.
(2). The average woman is just as
well qualified to form an opinion as to
the character and qualifications of those
who are to be entrusted with power as
the average man. The average man is
in no sense superior to the average
woman, either in point of intelligence,
or of character. The average woman,
in point of character, is superior to the
average man and, in so far as she is,
;
she is better fitted to share in the selec-
tion of public officials.
(3). To
deprive her of the right to
vote govern her without her con-
is to
sent, which is contrary to the funda-
.
mental principle of democracy. That
The principle is clearly expressed in the
Declaration of Independence, where we
read :
" Governments are instituted
among men, deriving their just powers
from the consent of the governed."
Under this principle, which is a just
women have the same right to
principle,
vote asmen have. Are they not gov-
erned? And being governed, can the
government imposed upon them be just-
ly imposed upon them without their con-
 VOTES FOR WOMEN 179

sent? It is simply to treat them as min-
ors and inferiors, which every self-re-
specting woman should resent, and con-
tinue to resent until this stigma is re-
moved from her sex. The time is cer-
tainly coming, and coming soon I believe,
when this just claim on the part of
women will be fully recognized
truly civilized countries.
CHICAGO AND WOMAN'S SUFFRAGE
BY HON. OSCAR DE PRIEST
Alder man of the City of Chicago
I favor extension of the right of suf-
wife and mother," says the husband in
Ibsen's play. "No," replies Nora, "be-
fore all else I am a human being."
There isone objection which many
honestly find it difficult to overcome.
There are thousands of men in this
country who are theoretically in favor
in all of woman suffrage, but who would be
sorry to see their wives and sisters at the
polls. They cannot overcome the feel-
ing that woman loses something of her
fineness of character when she takes her
place with a crowd of men to fight out
a live issue. Her very need of a pro-
tector calls forth man's chivalry take ;

frage to women. The experience in Chi- away that need and the basis of woman's
cago has been that the women cast as in- strongest appeal to man is gone.
telligent a vote as the men. In the first Even this last merely a
objection,
campaign in which the women voted in practical one, can be overcome. The
Chicago, a certain degree of timidity at- finest and deepest culture is not that
tended their advent. In the recent cam- which keeps its possessor forever en-
paign, however, the work of the women closed in a Doll's House. It is rather
was as earnest and the interest as keen that which looks at life in the large, with
as that of the men and in some instances a just appreciation of its problems and
the partisanship was almost bitter. As sorrow, and that labors in the most in-
far as the colored men are concerned, in telligent manner to right the wrongs that
the aldermanic campaign of 1914 the are in existence. When once everywhere
feeling was so high that it penetrated woman has entered the fray and helped
social, church and other circles and some to clean up some of the graft in our
friendships of long standing were threat- cities and to improve the tone of our
ened. In the campaign of 1915 when voting places, even this last fear will
colored men were primary candidates for disappear.
alderman, the women of the race seemed
to realize fully what was expected of
them, and, with the men, rolled up a CHRISTIANITY AND WOMAN
very large and significant vote for the BY JOHN HURST, D.D.,

colored candidates and they were con-

;
Bishop of the African M. E. Church and
sistent at the election, contributing to a Secretary of the Bishops' Council
plurality of over 3,000 votes for the suc-
cessful colored candidate in a field of
The earlier civilizations seem to have
conspired to limit woman's sphere her
Personally, I am more than thank-
;
five.
position and functions as member of the
ful for their work and as electors be-
community were to extend so far and no
lieve they have every necessary qualifica-
further. accomplishments
Intellectual
tion that the men possess.
and graces could beyond the
raise her
m status of the slave, but not beyond the
POLITICS AND WOMANLINESS estimate put upon a toy, a bauble or a
BY BENJAMIN BRAWLEY common-place ornament. Often she was
Dean of Morehouse College, Atlanta, Ga. subjected to systems leading to degrada-
The argument is all for woman suf- tion, stifling her soul and stealing away
frage. More and more one who lakes from her the qualities that make an in-
the opposing view findi' himself looking dividual and a woman. The law for-
to the past rather than to the future. bidding her to abstain from the service
Each woman as well as each man is a at the Jewish Synagogue, said she should
child of God, and is entitled to all the not be seen. Amidst the civilization of
privileges of that high heritage. are We classic antiquity, even down to the en-
reminded of the heroine in "A Doll's lightened age of Pericles, she was sub-
House :" "Before all else you are a servient to the caprices and n^tle pas-

180 THE
DR. GRIMKE MR. LEWIS
sions of the other sex. Her fate
disposed of with little regard to her
wishes. She had even no choice as to
whom she should marry. The sacred
fire of love was not supposed to burn
upon the altar of her heart. She was
but a commodity, a chattel to be bartered
off. Under the Roman law, her status
was hardly that of a human being.
Whether under the Empire or the Re-
public, she had not even a first name.
But with the advent of Christianity,
the path for a true, honorable and last-
ing civilization was laid. It discarded
and upset the teachings of the past It
gave woman her freedom, and woman-
hood has been lifted to the place where
it justly belongs. Christianity estab-
lished equality and community of woman
with man in the privileges of Grace, as
being heir together with all the great
gifts of life; receiving one faith, one
baptism and partaking of the same holy
table. Its thundering message to all is
"There is neither Jew nor Greek, there
is neither bond nor free, there is neither
male nor female, for we are all one in
Christ Jesus," and the echo of its teach-
ings the world over is to "Loose her and
let her go."
"ABOUT AUNTIES"
BY HON. J. W. JOHNSON,
Formerly U. S. Consul to Nicaragua
There is one thing very annoying
about the cause of Woman Suffrage and
that is the absurdity of the arguments
against it which one is called upon to
combat. It is very much more difficult
to cuunbat an absurd argument than to
combat a- sound argument. The folder
—
CRISIS
JUDGE TERRELL MISS JACKSON
was of a sound argument is generally a per-,
son amenable to reason and open to. con-
viction whereas, the holder of an ab-
;
surd argument is always a person blind-
ed by prejudice or bound by some such
consideration as custom or sentiment a ;
person, indeed, to whom it is often im-
possible to prove that 2 and 2 make_4.
The people who oppose votes for
women are divided into two classes :
those who boldly declare that women
are inferior beings, neither fit nor cap-
able of becoming fit to exercise the right
of suffrage, and those who apologetical-
ly contend that the ballot will drag
woman down from her domestic throne
and rob her of all gentleness, charm,
—
goodness, this list of angelic qualities
may be extended to any length desired.
It takes only a glance to see the strik-
ing analogy between these two argu-
ments and the old pro-slavery arguments.
The very ease with which they can be
disproved makes them exasperating.
But, regardless of all arguments, for
or against, woman is going to gain uni-
versal suffrage. The wonderful pro-
gress made by the sex in the last century
and a half places this beyond doubt.
This progress is nowhere more graphi-
cally indicated than, by the fact that in
the first edition of the Encyclopedia
Britannica (1771) the article "Woman"
consisted of eight words, "Woman, the —
—
female of man See Homo." In the
edition of 1910 the article "Woman"
takes up seven pages. Besides there are
thirty women among the writers of the
Encyclopedia, and the work contains
on more than
articles five hundred
women, distinguished in history, liter-
ature and art.
 :
VOTES FOR
Woman has made her place in the arts,
she is making her place in the economic
world, and she is sure to make her place
in the political world.
OUR DEBT TO SUFFRAGISTS
BY HON. ROBERT H. TERRELL,
Justice of the Municipal Court, District of
Columbia
Of all the elements in our great cos-
mopolitan population the Negro should
be most ardently in favor of woman suf-
frage, for above all others, he knows
what a denial of the ballot means to a
people. He has seen his rights trampled
on, he has been humiliated and insulted
in public, and he has brooded over his
weakness and helplessness in private, all
because he did not possess the power
given by the vote to protect himself in
the same manner as other classes of cit-
izens defend themselves against wrong
and injustice. To those who oppose the
right of women to vote it may be well
to quote the stirring words of Benjamin
Wade, of Ohio, uttered on the floor of
the United States Senate, when he was
advocating Negro Suffrage. He said
"I have a contempt I cannot name for
the man who would demand rights for
himself that he is not willing to grant
to every one else."
as a matter of sentiment,
Finally,
every man with Negro blood in his veins
should favor woman suffrage. Garrison,
Phillips, Frederick Douglass and Robert
Purvis and the whole host of abolition-
ists were advocates of the right. I often
heard it said when I was a boy in Bos-
ton that immediately after the Civil War
Susan B. Anthony, Julia Ward Howe,
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and other lead-
ers of the women's rights movement at
the request of these men devoted all of
their efforts towards obtaining the ballot
for the Negro, even to the neglect of
their own dearly cherished cause, hop-
ing, indeed, that the black man, who
would be in some measure the benefici-
ary of their work and sacrifice, would
in turn give them the aid they so sorely
needed at that time. Now what our
fathers failed to do for these pioneers
who did so much for our cause before
and after the great war, let us do for
those who are now leading the fight for
woman suffrage. I believe that in sup-
WOMEN 181
porting them we will render our country
a great and much needed service.
WOMAN IN THE ANCIENT STATE
BY W. H. CROGMAN, LITT.D.,
Professor of Ancient Languages, Clark Uni-
versity, S. Atlanta, Ga.
Slowly but steadily woman has risen
from a dependence to her
state of servile
legitimate position of respect and con-
sideration, and it needs no prophetic
vision to see that the full recognition of
her civic rights is near at hand. To
form a just estimate of her achievements
to date one must necessarily take into
consideration the point from which she
started, that is to say, the condition of
her sex in the ancient state.
For light on this we turn naturally to
the two most enlightened nations of an-
tiquity. In the Homeric age woman
was treated, we should infer, with ten-
der and affectionate regard, and her
virtues were sung by the greatest of
poets. Even today, after twenty-seven
centuries have rolled by, one cannot read
without emotion and a thrill of admira-
tion the story of Penelope's conjugal
fidelity to her absent husband. Nor are
we less affected by the scene of Hector
and Andromache with the babe in her
arms. Yet it would not be safe to con-
clude that these instances were fairly
representative of the general status of
woman in the ancient state, for at the
same period there also existed cruelty,
brutality, treachery. Beside the fidelity
of Penelope may easily be placed the in-
fidelity of Helen and the perfidity of
Paris. Women were captured in war
and subjected to the unspeakable. The
greatest poem of the ages is but a recital
of the fatal quarrel of two brutal men
over the disposal of a captive maiden.
Woman had practically no part in state
affairs. Her duties were chiefly con-
fined to the home. Savs one writer:
"At no time of her life could a woman
be without a guardian. If her husband
was not alive, it would be her nearest
male relative, and this person remained
her guardian even when she was mar-
ried. After her husband's death her son
was her guardian. She could not legallv
make any contract beyond a shilling or
two —therewas no occasion for an
Athenian to advertise that h«- would not
 !
182
MISS BURROUGHS MRS. DAVIS
be responsible for his wife's debts and
she could not bring- actions at law."
And all this in Athens, in Athens at
the summit of her greatness
It is needless to say that a somewhat
similar state of things existed at Rome
where the father had the right of life
and death over every member of the
family. Verily it is a far cry from the
rostrum of today, graced by the presence
of a woman earnestly pleading for her
civic rights, to that dismal period when
she was a negligible factor in human
affairs.
m with men, to the criminal laws, though
WOMEN'S RIGHTS
BY CHARLES W. CHESNUTT
Author of "The Wife of His Youth/' "The
Marrow of Tradition"
I believe thatpersons of full age
all
and sound mind should have a voice in
the making of the laws by which they
are governed, or in the selection of those
who make those laws. As long as the
family was the social unit, it was per-
haps well enough for the householder,
representing the family, to monopolize
the vote. But with the broadening of
woman's sphere the situation has
changed, and many women have inter-
ests which are not concerned with the
family.
Experience has shown that the rights
and interests of no class are safe so
long as they are entirely in the hands of
—
another class the rights and interests
of the poor in the hands of the rich, of
the rich in the hands of the poor, of
ome race in the hands of another. And
while .there is no such line of cleavage
between the sexes as exists between
THE CRISIS
MISS JONES MRS. TURNER
— other social classes, yet so far as women
constitute a class as differentiated from
men, neither can their rights be left with
entire safety solely in the hands of men.
In the gradual extension of statutory
rights, women are in many countries,
the equals of men before the law. They
have always been subject to the burdens
of citizenship. The burden of taxation,
generally speaking, falls more heavily
upon them, perhaps because they are
more honest in returning their personal
property for taxation, or less cunning in
concealing it. They are subject, equally
there, I suspect, for sentimental reasons,
the burden has not fallen so heavily upon
them. Their rights need protection, and
they should be guarded against oppres-
etc.
sion, and the ballot is the most effective
weapon by which these things can be
accomplished.
I am not in favor of woman suffrage
because I expect any great improvement
in legislation to result from it. The con-
trary, from woman's lack of experience
in government, might not unreasonably
be expected. Women are certainly no
wiser or more logical than men. But
they enjoy equal opportunities for edu-
cation, and large numbers of them are
successfully engaged in business and in
the professions and have the requisite
experience and knowledge to judge in-
telligently of proposed legislation. Even
should their judgment be at fault as —
—
men's judgment too often is thev have
fine intuitions, which are many times a
safe guide to action ; and their sym-
pathies are apt to be in support of those
things which are clean and honest and
just and therefore desirable all of —

VOTES FOR WOMEN
which ought to make them a valuable
factor in government.
STATES' RIGHTS AND THE SUFFRAGE
BY HON. JOHN R. LYNCH
Major, Retired, U. S. Army ; formerly Speaker
of the House of Representatives of
sippi; U. S. Representative, 6th District of
Ulississippi, 43rd, 44th and 47th Congresses;
4th Auditor of the U. S. Treasury, 1889-93
etc.
What the friends and advocates of
equal suffrage have to fear more than
anything else, is the dangerous and mis-
chievous doctrine of "States' Rights."
Those who are opposed to equal suffrage
contend that it is a local and not a Na-
tional question —one that each State
must determine for itself. But what is
a State? It seems to be an indefinable
abstraction. "The United States," the
National Constitution declares, "shall
guarantee to every state in this Union a
republican form of government," but
this is a meaningless declaration. It has
remained a dead letter since the adoption
of the constitution, because some of the
so-called states were and are nothing
more nor less than despotic oligarchies.
We have seen and now see that what is
called the "State," in some parts of the
country, issimply a part of the white
males who obtained (it matters not
how), possession of the local machinery
which they call, and the National Gov-
ernment recognizes, as the "State Gov-
ernment." This government never allows
any of the inhabitants of the "State"
who are not identified with the ruling
oligarchy to have any voice in its govern-
ment. The friends of Equal Rights can
hope for no favorable action from such
governments as these, for thev are not
only close corporations, but they are de-
termined to allow none to become mem-
bers of the corporation that the mana-
gers can not absolutely and easily con-
trol. With a view of perpetuating them-
selves in power through the local ma-
chinery called "the State," some of them
have, during the past twenty-five years,
practically nullified the fifteenth amend-
ment of the Federal Constitution. The
recent decision of the Supreme Court by
which some of the different schemes and
devices for this purpose were declared
unconstitutional and void is a most hope-
;
183
ful and encouraging
indication. Let the
friends of equal suffrage take on re-
newed hope. Victory, and that too on a
national basis will ultimately be an ac-
complished fact.
Missis- DISFRANCHISEMENT IN THE DIS-
. TRICT OF COLUMBIA
BY L. M. HERSHAW
Of the United States Land Office
As regards the ballot, men and women
are equal in the District of Columbia;
both are deprived of it. Citizens of the
District of Columbia have not voted
since 1874, the year in which the ballot
was taken from them by act of Congress.
From time to time since then fitful
efforts have been made to recover the
lost right, but there has been no properly
organized sustained movement with that
object in view.
The female population of the District
of Columbia exceeds the male popula-
tion in round numbers by 16,000. In
intelligence, in public spirit, in moral in-
fluence and in support of established in-
stitutions and philanthropies the female
population is the equal, and in some in-
stances the superior of the male popula-
tion. If suffrage is ever restored to the
citizens of the District it should be made
to include the women. The right of the
woman to vote rests on the same basis
as the right of the man her humanity.:
"Honio sum, et humani a mi nil alienum
—
puto ;" I am a human being, and I con-
sider nothing belonging to the human
race foreign to me is the maxim consti-
tuting the major premise of the logic of
human rights. To deny woman the right
to vote is so far forth a denial of her
humanity.
In the District of Columbia where
neither man nor woman votes, the
woman is as worthy a member of the
community as the man. If Congress
should reenact suffrage in the District
it is difficult to see how it could except
women from its exercise without fixing
upon them an undeserved stigma. The
example of women voting in the District
would go a long way toward educating
the backward and unprogressive through-
out the country to the necessity of doing
justice to the other half of our common
humanity.
 184
VOTES AND LITERATURE
BY MRS. PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR
Matthew Arnold defined literature as
a "criticism of life." By that he meant
life in its entirety, not a part of it.
Therefore, if a woman is to produce real
literature, not pretty phrasing-, she needs
to have a firm grasp on all that makes life
complete. The completion and perfec-
tion of life is love —
love of home and
family, love of humanity, love of coun-
try. No person living a mentally starved
existence can do enduring work in any
field, woman without all the possi-
and
bilities of life is starved, pinched,
poverty-stricken. It is difficult to love
your home and family if you be outcast
and despised by them perplexing to love
; By her peculiar position the colored
humanity, if it gives you nothing but
blows impracticable to love your coun-
;
try, if it denies you all the rights and
privileges which as citizens you should
enjoy. |1[
George Eliot, George Sand, Harriet
Beecher Stowe wrote great novels be-
cause they looked at life from the point
of view of the masculine mind, with a
background of centuries of suffrage.
Yet each was peculiarly feminine. It is
a significant fact that the American and
English women who are now doing
the
real work in literature —not
necessarily
fiction —
are the women who are most
vitally interested in universal suffrage.
WOMEN AND COLORED WOMEN
BY MRS. MARY B. TALBERT
Vice President-at-larqc, National Association
of Colored Women
It should not be necessary to struggle
forever against popular prejudice, and
with us as colored women, this struggle
becomes two-fold, first, because we are
women and second, because we are
colored women. Although some resist-
ance is experienced in portions of our
country against the ballot for women,
because colored women will be included,
I firmly believe that enlightened men,
are now numerous enough everywhere
to encourage this just privilege of the
ballot for women, ignoring prejudice of
all kinds.
The great desire of our nation to pro-
duce the most perfect form of govern-
ment, shows incontestible proofs of ad-
vance. Advanced methods in prison re-
THE CRISIS
forms are shown by our own state Com-
missioner, Miss Katherine B. Davis.
Advanced methods in school reforms are
shown by Mrs. Ella Flagg Young, Super-
intendent of Education of Chicago. Ad-
vanced methods in the treatment of
childhood and adolescence, are shown by
the bureau of child welfare under Mrs.
Julia C. Lathrop. Each of these women
have been most kindly toward the
colored women. In our own race ad-
vanced methods of industrial training
are shown by Miss Nannie H. Bur-
roughs, Mrs. Charlotte Hawkins Brown,
and Mrs. Mary McLeod Bethune, and
numbers of other colored women in vari-
ous lines have blazed the path of reform.
woman has gained clear powers of ob-
—
servation and judgment exactly the
sort of powers which are today pecu-
liarly necessary to the building of an
|
ideal country.
"VOTES FOR MOTHERS"
BY MRS. CORALIE FRANKLIN COOK
Member of the Board of Education, District
of Columbia
I wonder if anybody in all this great
world ever thought to consider man's
rights as an individual, by his status as
a father? yet you ask me to say some-
thing about "Votes for Mothers," as if
mothers were a separate and peculiar
people. After all, I think you are not so
far wrong. Mothers are different, or
ought to be different, from other folk.
The woman who smilingly goes out,
willing to meet the Death Angel, that a
child may be born, comes back from that
journey, not only the mother of her own
adored babe, but a near-mother to all
other children. As she serves that little
one, there grows within her a passion to
serve humanity not race, not class, not
;
sex, but God's creatures as he has sent
them to earth.
It is not strange that enlightened
womanhood has so far broken its chains
as to be able to know that to perform
such service, woman should help both to
make and to administer the laws under
which she lives, should feel responsible
for the conduct of educational systems,
charitable and correctional institutions,
public sanitation and municipal ordi-
nances in general. Who
should be more
 ;
VOTES FOR
competent to control the presence of bar
rooms and "red-light districts" than
mothers whose sons they are meant to
lure to degradation and death? Who
knows better than the girl's mother at
what age the girl may legally barter her
own body? Surely not the men who
have put upon our statute books, 16, 14,
be it to their eternal shame, even
12, aye,
10 and 8 years, as "the age of consent !".
If men could choose their own
mothers, would they choose free women
or bond-women? Disfranchisement be-
cause of sex is curiously like disfran-,
chisement because of color. It cripples
the individual, it handicaps progress, it
sets a limitation upon mental and spirit-
ual development. I grow in breadth, in
vision, in the power to do, just in pro-
portion as I use the capacities with which
Nature, the All-Mother, has endowed
me. I transmit to the child who is bone
of my bone, flesh of my flesh .and
thought of my thought; somewhat of my
own power or weakness. Is not the
voice which is crying out for "Votes for
Mothers" the Spirit of the Age crying
out for the Rights of Children?
"VOTES FOR CHILDREN"
BY MRS. CARRIE W. CLIFFORD
Ho)i,orary President of the Federation of
Colored Women's Clubs of Ohio
the ballot that opens the school-
It is
house and closes the saloon that keeps
; ballot
the food pure and the cost of living low
that causes a park to grow where a
dump-pile grew before. It is the ballot
that regulates capital and protects labor
that up-roots disease and plants health.
In short, it is by the ballot we hope to
develop the wonderful ideal state for
which we are all "so zealously working.
When the fact is considered that
woman is the chosen channel through
which the race is to be perpetuated; that
she sustains the most sacred and intimate
communion with the unborn babe that ; knowing well that fundamentally it is
later, she understands in a manner truly
marvelous (and explain only by that
vague term "instinct") its wants and
its needs, the wonder grows that her
voice is not the first heard in planning
for the ideal State i'i which her child, as
future citizen, is to play his part.
The family is the miniature State, and
hen- the influence of the mother is felt
WOMEN 135
in teaching, directing and executing, to
a degree far greater than that of the
lather. At his mother's knee the child
gets his first impressions of love, justice
and mercy and by obedience
; to the laws
of the home he gets his earliest training
in civics.
More and more is it beginning to be
understood that the mother's zeal for
the ballot is prompted by her solicitude
for her family-circle.
That the child's food may be pure,
that his environment shall be wholesome
and his surrounding sanitary these are —
the things which engage her thought.
That his mind shall be properly de-
veloped and his education wisely direct-
ed; that his occupation shall be clean
—
and his ideals high all these are things
of supreme importance to her, who be-
gan to plan for the little life before it
was even dreamed of by the father.
Kindergartens, vacation-schools, play-
grounds; the movement for the City
Beautiful; societies for temperance and
for the prevention of cruelty to children
—
and animals these and many other
practical reforms she has brought to
pass, in spite of not having the ballot.
But as she wisely argues, why should
she be forced to use indirect methods to
accomplish a thing that could be done so
much more quickly and satisfactorily by
—
the direct method by casting her own
?
The ballot! the sign of power, the
means by which things are brought to
pass, the talisman that makes our dreams
come true! Her dream is of a State
where war shall cease, where peace and
unity be established and where love shall
reign.
Yes, it is the great mother-heart reach-
ing out to save her children from war,
famine and pestilence from death de-
;
gradation and destruction, that induces
her to. demand "Votes for Women,"
really a campaign for "Votes for Child-
"
ren
m
TRAINING AND THE BALLOT
BY MARY FITZBUTLER WARING, M. D.
Chairman of the Department of Health and
Hygiene, N. A. C. IV.
In the earlier ages, the thought was
common among the nations of the worid,

186 THE
BISHOP HURST MRS. ASBERRY
that woman was not the equal of man.
Socially, religiously and politically she
was compelled to take an inferior posi-
tion and to submit to the will and wiles
of man. In some countries she was not
even considered as the legal parent of
her own child.
The ability to weigh the merits of the
persons to fill office and the value of
ordinances which govern the people, re-
quires a knowledge of men and affairs.
A trained mind, no matter in what pro-
fession, is more capable of making logi-
cal deductions therefore the
; people
naturally turn for information to the en-
lightened. The question of sex is of no
importance.
The work of the professional woman
just as that of the professional man
places her in a position to help the many
with whom she necessarilv comes in con-
tact, and therefore her influence is a
power to be reckoned with. The ethical
relations of the professional woman
makes her, ofttimes, the confidant and
advisor of others and for that reason she
should be well informed on political
issuesand aspirants for public office.
Trained judgment is needed every-
where and it should always be armed
with the ballot.
DEMOCRACY AND ART
BY WILLIAM STANLEY BRAITHEWAITE
Author of Anthologies of Magazine Verse,
Wefind that at almost every stage of
its development Democracy has been be-
trayed by one or another of its idealist
professors, except one. Democracy has
its source in political ethics, but neither
religion nor social justice have per-
formed towards it, in practice, those
;
CRISIS
MRS. BRUCE MRS. TERRELL
strict obligations which are denned by
the nature of their idealisms. Art alone
has kept her covenant with Democracy.
Art is the embodiment of spiritual
ideals. There is no human progress
without a previsioning of the aspiration
through one of the symbolic languages
of art. All the great craving desires of
humanity have been promised and at-
tained through the message of art. Art
cannot flourish in a democracy, is the
critical opinion common to a good many.
I say, that in the future, art will not
nourish without democracy. All that
democracy has gained in the last twenty
years it has owed to the ideals of art.
Was the social conscience of America
vitalized by religion or the justice and
Wisdom of political enactments ? No
but by an art, the art of poetry. The
undemocratic methods of industrial
power, did the Christian church protest
against it ? No it was a poet with a
;
passion and a message. Now, art has
seen to it that public opinion consider all
the rights anddemands that democracy
makes towards the justification of its
ideals. These have not all been accom-
plished. It has got to eliminate racial
prejudice which has governmental sanc-
tion, and it has got to win sufferance for
all citizens alike. Art is bringing democ-
racy face to face with beauty, and beauty
knows neither race, caste nor sex. The
etc. social vision of art is complete. And its
light is ever shining upon the luminous
figure of Democracy, the ideal Mother
of human hopes, the hopes of the re-
jected, of the denied, of the subjected
individual.
The voice of art expressing the spirit
of democracy is beautifully illustrated in
 VOTES FOR
this passage from Mr. Witter Bynner's
recently published poem "The New
World :"
"To stop the wound and heal the scar
Of time, with sudden glorious aptitude
Woman assumes her part. Her pity in
a flood
Flings down the gate.
She has been made to wait
Too long, undreaming and untaught
The touch and beauty of democracy.
But, entering now the strife
In which her saving sense is due,
She watches and she grows aware,
Holding a child more dear than property,
That the many perish to empower the
few,
That homeless politics have split apart
The common country of the common
heart."' jug
BLACK WOMEN AND REFORM
BY MISS N. H. BURROUGHS
Secretary of the Woman's Auxiliary to the
National Baptist Convention
The Negro Church means the Negro
woman. Without her, the race could not
properly support five hundred churches
in the whole world. Today they have
40,000 churches in the United States.
She is not only a great moral and spiri-
tual asset, but she is a great economic
asset. I was asked by a southern white
woman who is an enthusiastic worker
for "votes for (white) women," "What
can the Negro woman do with the bal-
lot?" I asked her, "What can she do
without it ?" When the ballot is put into
the hands of the American woman the
world is going to get a correct estimate
of the Negro woman. It will find her
a tower of strength of which poets have
never sung, orators have never spoken,
and scholars have never written.
Because the black man does not know
the value of the ballot, and has bartered
and sold his most valuable possession, it
is no evidence that the Negro woman
will do the same. The Negro woman,
therefore, needs the ballot to get back,
by the wise use of it, what the Negro
man has lost by the misuse of it. She
needs it to ransom her race. A fact
worthy of note is that in every reform
in which the Negro woman has taken
part, during the past fifty years, she has
been as aggressive, progressive and de-
pendable as those who inspired the re-
form or led it. The world has yet to
WO^ £ N 187
learn that the Negro woman i s quite
superior in bearing moral responsibility.
A comparison \Y»t" the men of her race,
in moral issues, il odious. She carries
the burdens of the Church, and of the
school and bears a great deal more than
her economic share in the home.
Another striking fact is that the
Negro woman carries the moral destiny
of two races in her hand. Had she not
been the woman of unusual moral
stamina that she is, the black race would
have been made a great deal whiter, and
the white race a great deal blacker dur-
ing the past fifty years. She has been
left a prey for the men of every race, but
in spite of this, she has held the enemies
of Negro female chastity at bay. The
Negro woman is the white woman's as
well as the white race's most needed ally
in preserving an unmixed race.
The ballot, wisely used, will bring to
her the respect and protection that she
needs. It is her weapon of moral de-
fence. Under present conditions, when
she appears in court in defence of her
virtue, she is looked upon with amused
contempt. She needs the ballot to reckon
with men who place no value upon her
v'rtue, and to mould healthy public senti-
ment in favor of her own protection.
THE SELF-SUPPORTING WOMAN AND
THE BALLOT
BY MISS M. E. JACKSON
Of the Civil Service of the State of Rhode
Island, President of the R. I. Association
of Colored Women's Clubs
Looked at from a sane point of view,
allobjections to the ballot for women are
but protests against progress, civilization
and good sense.
"Woman's place is in the home."
Would that the poorly paid toilers in
field, work-shop, mill and kitchen, might
enjoy the blessed refreshment of their
own homes with accompanying assur-
ance that those dependent upon them
might be fed, clothed, properly reared
and educated.
Each morning's sun beholds a mighty
army of 8,000,000 souls marching forth
to do battle for daily bread. You inquire
who they are ? Why, the mothers, wives,
sisters and daughters of the men of
America. "The weaker vessels," the
majority of whom are constrained from
necessity.
188 THE CRISIS

DR. WARING DR. CROGMAN MRS. TALBERT PRESIDENT HOrE

There is no field of activity in the JuliaWard Howe, Ednah Cheney, Abby

country where women are not success-
fully competing with men. In the agri-
cultural pursuits alone, there are over
900,000. In the ministry 7,000 dare
preach the gospel with "Heads un-
covered." And 1,010 possess the cour-
age to invade the field of the Solons,
bravely interpreting the laws, although
their brothers in all but twelve of the
forty- five States (so far as the ballot is
concerned), class them with criminals,
insane and feeble-minded.
The self-supporting woman out of her
earnings, pays taxes, into the public
treasury and through church, club and
civic organization gives her moral back-
ing unstintingly to her Country.
Imagine if you can the withdrawal of
this marvelous economic force, the
working women of America It is a
fundamental necessity of modern civili-
zation.
The laboring man has discovered
yond peradventure that his
tive weapon of defence is
his own hand. The self-supporting
woman asks for and will accept nothing
less. QJS
Morton Diaz and those other pioneer
workers who were broad enough to in-
clude "no distinction because of race"
with "no distinctions because of sex." I
feel that a movement inaugurated by
men and women of such wisdom and
vision as that of the early workers, can-
not dwindle or be side-tracked, and that
today, as in those early days, the big
women, the far seeing women, are in the
ranks of the suffragists. We can afford
to follow those women. Weare justified
in believing that the success of this
movement for equality of the sexes
means more progress toward equality of
the races. I have worked, along with
other colored women with those pioneers
in the Abolition movement, in the vari-
— ous movements to open educational op-
! portunities for women, business oppor-
tunities for women and to equalize the
laws; the longer I have been associated
be- with them, the more deeply I have been
most effec- impressed by this farsightedness and
the ballot til broadmindedness of the leaders, both
early and late, in the Woman Suffrage
Movement.

"TRUST THE WOMEN!" Y. W. C. A.

BY MRS. JOSEPHINE ST. PIERRE RUFFIN BY MRS. A. W. HUNTON
Pioneer in the club movement among Colored Formerly Adviser to the National Board of
Women of the United States Directors, Y. IV. C. A.
Many colored men doubt the wisdom A membership of more than a half
of women suffrage because they fear that million, representing some seventeen
it number of our politi-
will increase the nationalities, makes the Young Women's
cal have been in suffrage
enemies. I Christian Association a world move-
work in Massachusetts for forty years ment.
and more. I have voted 41 times under In the United States three hundred
the school suffrage laws. I was wel- thousand members, distributed in 979
comed into the Massachusetts Woman's college, city and county associations have
Suffrage Association by Lucy Stone, as their objective the advancement of the
 VOTES FOR
"physical, social, intellectual, moral and
spiritual interests of young women."
One of the most unique and wonderful
characteristics of the association is the
adaptability to meet the needs of all
types of women, so that its membership
is as diversified as women's lives and in-
terests. This diversified membership,
constituting at once the governing and
sustaining force of the association, is its
strongest barrier to any creed save that
upon which the movement is founded.
However difficult it is to express any
relation between the association and the
suffrage movement, it is not difficult to
understand that the association spirit
dominating womanhood would count foj
righteousness in the solution of this im-
portant question.
Acutely suffering from the wrongs
and humiliations of an
unjustly re-
stricted suffrage, it is but natural that
the colored woman should feel deeply
and keenly wherever the question of suf-
frage arises. But the colored woman
within the association, in common with
thousands of her sisters who have been
touched by other spiritual forces, is ani-
mated by a fine spirit of idealism an — voted and unselfish.
idealism not too far removed from
everyday existence to find expression in
service. Hence she is giving her energy
largely to the development of the highest
qualities of mind and soul —
for these
alone can give to the nation the best
there is in citizenship.
m of this spirit at work.
VOTES FOR TEACHERS
BY MISS MARIA L. BALDWIN
Principal of the Agassis Public School,
Cambridge, Mass.
Women teachers in those states where
school suffrage has already been granted
them have found out that even so meagre
a share of voting power has given them
a definite influence, and has brought
about a few notable results. In several
cases local schools have been kept, by
the women's vote, from the control of
persons who threatened all that was best
in them. Candidates for election to
school boards reckon early- with the
"teacher vote" and hasten to announce
their "rightness" on this or that issue
supposedly dear to teachers. It is wholly
reasonable to infer that the extension
of the suffrage will enable teachers to
secure more consideration for them-
WOMEN 189
selves, and to have an important in-
fluence on the quality of the persons
chosen to direct the schools.
At the outset teachers will be con-
fronted by the temptation of power the —
temptation to use it for personal or sel-
fish ends. What, as a class, will they do
with this temptation What motives
!
will lie behind their advocacy of men
and measures? What tests of fitness
will they apply to the candidate for their
votes? Will they decline to recognize
fine qualities for school service in one
who may hold heretical views about in-
crease of salaries, or length of vaca-
tions ? These questions, which would
test any group of workers, I cannot
answer. I can only submit what seems
an earnest that this group- may stand the
test.
The profession of teaching has a rich
inheritance. These convictions were be-
queathed to it, to have and to hold:that
the dearest interests of life are in its
keeping; that its peculiar service to
society is to nourish and perpetuate
those noblest aspirations called its ideals ;
that to do such work one must be de-
This tradition still inspires the teacher.
Some of the unrest, the dissatisfaction
with conditions that are everywhere has
penetrated her world, but probably no
other work is done less in the commercial
spirit nor any service more expanded
beyond what "is nominated in the bond."
Many school rooms are moving pictures
One is warranted in thinking that
teachers will transfer to their use of the
ballot this habit of fidelity to ideals.
m
WOMAN SUFFRAGE AND SOCIAL
REFORM
ANNA H. TONES
BY MISS
Chairman of the Department of Education,
National Association of Colored Women
Of the four great institutions of
—
human uplift the home, the school, the
church, and the State, woman has a di-
rect controlling force in the first three
institutions. In the State her influence
at present is indirect. Since her control
in the three is unquestioned, should she
—
not have the legal means the ballot to —
widen and deepen her work?
In terms of today, her work is the
conservation and improvement of the
190 THE
MRS. HUNTON MR. CHESNUTT
child child lahor laws, inspection of the
; The special object of that conference
health of school children, safeguarding
the youth in the home, in the school, in
the court, in the street, in the place of
amusement. Her work is the prevention
of vice with its train of physical and
moral evils the enactment of laws to
; Federation of Colored Women, was
secure and regulate sanitation, pure
food, prohibition, divorce the care of
; The first convention of the new or-
the aged, the unfortunate, the orphan.
All the questions touch in a very direct
—
way the home woman's kingdom.
When an experiment has been tried
for a certain purpose it seems logical to
refer to its success or failure. review A
of the States in which women have had
the ballot will show that their exercise
of the franchise has been along the lines
of reform mentioned above. Her ballot
has not been cast against the forces of
right. Is it probable that in the other,
the more conservative States, her course
will be less judicial?
It may take a little time for woman to
learn to make the ballot count for
righteousness, but her closer view, and
sympathetic touch will be of material
assistance in the solution of the social
problems that confront her as the home-
maker.
The century awaits the "finer issues"
of woman's "finely touched spirit."
COLORED WOMEN'S CLUBS
BY MRS. B.BRUCE
K.
Editor of the official oraan of the National
Association of Colored Women
The national club movement among
colored women began definitely in 1895,
when a call was sent out from Boston
by Mrs. Josephine St. P. Ruffin to a
number of prominent colored women to
meet in conference.
CRISIS
MAJOR LYNCH MR. HERSHAW
was to repel and refute a vicious state-
ment by an evil minded individual who
had given currency to his false and mis-
leading statements in book form. A
national association called The National
formed at this conference.
ganization was called to meet a year
later in July 1896, in Washington, D. C.
In August of 1896 the first convention
of the National League of Colored
Women was held. The two organiza-
tions united under the name, National
Association of Colored Women. In 1916
this organization will hold its tenth bi-
ennial session in Baltimore, Maryland.
One year ago in Wilberforce, Ohio, the
largest and most successful convention
in its history was held. Over four hun-
dred delegates, representing 50,000
women organized in clubs throughout
the country, were present. The dele-
gates came from the East, the West, the
North, the South. The burden of the
song of the numberless reports and ad-
dresses was social service not alone for
colored people but for humanity. Miss
Zona Gale said of the meeting that she
had never attended a convention which
so confirmed her belief in the possibili-
of the common human race.
ties
One thousand clubs are numbered
with The National Association of
Colored Women. In 1912-13 these clubs
raised $82,424. Over $60,000 was spent
in purchasing property for Orphans'
Homes, Working Girls' Homes, Chris-
tian Association Homes,Social Settle-
ments and so on. In 1914 the valuation
of the various properties exceeded $100,-
000.
 VOTES FOR
VOTES FOR PHILANTHROPY
BY MRS. ELIZABETH LINDSAY DAVIS
National Organiser, National Association of
Colored Women
The New citizen is no longer a novelty
nor an experiment. She is demonstrat-
ing at all times her fitness for her duties
and responsibilities by study ; by insist-
ent investigation of all candidates for
public office regardless of party lines by
;
an intelligent use of the ballot in correct-
ing the evils arising from graft, dis-
honesty and misappropriation of public
funds by persistent agitation to arouse
;
civic consciousness, until now she is a
potent factor in the body politic.
Men recognize her intuitive ability to
think and decide for herself, respect her
opinions and bid for her vote.
The keynote in the music of the
Twentieth Century is Social Service, and
in no better way can systematic philan-
thropy be done than by using the power
of the ballot upon the heads of the great
corporations and private individuals to
direct their attention to the serious con-
sequences of present day industrial and
social unrest, the crime, disease, and
poverty emanating from bad housing
and unwholesome environment, to train
their hands to give systematically to the
cause of human betterment.
Woman a pioneer in the forward
is
movement for Social uplift, racial and
community development, whether for
the abandoned wife, the wage earning
girl, the dependent and delinquent child
or the countless hordes of the unem-
ployed.
The highest and most successfully de-
veloped philanthropical work depends
absolutely upon the control of political
influence by the best American citizen-
ship, men and women working in unity
and cooperation at the polls.
WOMAN SUFFRAGE AND THE 15th
AMENDMENT
BY MRS. MARY CHURCH TERRELL
Honorary President of the National Associa-
tion of Colored Women
Even believed that women should
if I
be denied the right of suffrage, wild
horses could not drag such an admission
from my pen or my lips, for this reason
precisely the same arguments used to
prove that the ballot be withheld from
WOMEN 191
women areadvanced to prove that
colored menshould not be allowed to
vote. The reasons for repealing the
Fifteenth Amendment differ but little
from the arguments advanced by those
who oppose the enfranchisement of
women. Consequently, nothing could be
more inconsistent than that colored peo-
ple should use their influence against
granting the ballot to women, if they be-
lieve that colored men should enjoy this
right which citizenship confers.
What could be more absurd and
ridiculous than that one group of indi-
viduals who are trying to throw oft* the
yoke of oppression themselves, so as to
get relief from conditions which handi-
cap and injure them, should favor laws
and customs which impede the progress
of another unfortunate group and hinder
them in every conceivable way. For the
sake of consistency, therefore, if my
sense of justice were not developed at
all, and I could not reason intelligently,
as a colored woman I should not tell my
dearest friend that I opposed woman
suffrage.
But how can any one who is able to
use reason, and who believes in dealing
out justice to all God's creatures, think
it is right to withhold from one-half the
human race rights and privileges freely
accorded to the other half, which is
neither more deserving nor more capable
of exercising them?
For two thousand years mankind has
been breaking down the various barriers
which interposed themselves between
human beings and their perfect freedom
to exercise all the faculties with which
they were divinely endowed. Even in
monarchies old fetters which formerly
restricted freedom, dwarfed the intellect
and doomed certain individuals to nar-
row circumscribed spheres, because of
the mere accident of birth, arc being
loosed and broken one by one. In view
of such wisdom and experience the
political subjection of women in the
United States can be likened only to a
relic of barbarism, or to a spot upon the
sun, or to an octopus holding this repub-
lic in its hideous grasp, so that further
progress to the best form of government
: is impossible and that precious ideal its
founders promised it would be it seems
nothing more tangible than a mirage.
192 THE CRISIS

VOTES FOR HOUSEWIVES might exclude a large portion of present

BY MRS. LILLIAN
'TURNERA. voters. But my concern is with the
Honorary President of the Minnesota Associ- housewife, the future voter, as tested by
ation of Colored Women's Clubs
the wise man's definition.
That the housewife, that great reason- Now, Sentiment is the housewife's
er, will vote intelligently, is my happy most cherished possession to this asser-
;

conclusion, after reading the ponderous tion all agree —

decision of a wise man, who protests that
voters should be "only those who are
able to substitute reason for sentiment."
It is such a relief to have an impartial
definition even though its
the man, the anti-suffra-
gist and the rest of us. Furthermore,
lack of excessive use will keep it so, for
the housewife early learns to substitute
Reason for Sentiment. When Sentiment
close analysis wails because husband walks two steps
ahead instead of beside
her weeps because
;

Boy's curls are shorn;

foolishly resents the
absence of the old at-
tentions, and more
foolishly dwells on an
<m infinite variety of
things, Reason comes
nobly to the rescue and
teaches her that none
n & of these things are
necessary to life.

Reason is the constant

her
MEMORY OF
IN substitute
cherished Sentiment.
for

HARRIET TUBMAN But Reason's assertion,

that protection from
BORN A SLAVE IN WAKYLAND ABOUT i82i vice for Son of the
DIED IN AUBURN. N.Y. MARCH 10^,1913 Shorn Curls, is im-
CALLED THE"MOSES"OF HER PEOPLE-. practicable for busi-
DURING THE CIVIL WAR. WITH RARE ness reasons, is too
•COURAGE. SHE LED OVER THREE HUNDRED difficult for mental
NEGROES UP FROM SLAVERY TO FREEDOM, gymnastics. Sentiment
AND RENDERED INVALUABLE SERVICE conquers, and the
AS NURSE AND SPY. housewife unreason-
ably demands the bal-
WITH IMPLICIT TRUST IN GOD lot to Son! protect
SHE BRAVED EVERY DANGER AND However, Reason be-
OVERCAME EVERY OBSTACLE, 'WITHAL ing already so well de-
SHE POSSESSED EXTRAORDINARY veloped through "dis-
FORESIGHT AND JUDGMENT SO THAT cipline by substitution"
SHE TRUTHFULLY SAID- (stillquoting the wise
"ON MY UNDERGROUND RAILROAD man) I have ceased to
INEBBER RUN MY TRAIN OFF DE TRACK tremble when I hear
AND I NEBBER LOS
r

A PASSENGER: dire predictions of the

ruin that is expected
THIS TABLET IS ERECTED to follow the rapid ap-
BY THE CITIZENS OF AUBURN proach of woman's
9 4•
I I
•
franchise.

[Articles were received too

late for from. Presi-
insertion
dent John Hope, Hon. C. W.
Anderson, Mrs. G. W. Mor-
The bronze tablet in memory of Harriet Tubman erected at Auburn,
New York. Designed and cast by John Williams, Inc. gan, Hon. W. H. Lewis and
Bronze Founders, New York. Mrs. N. J. Asberry.l
 ;
:

THE
A
RAINS
Story of Jamaica
By KELSEY PERCIVAL K1TCHEL

''Some love too little, some too would find the boy employ-
long, ment. There is room
scant for

Some sell and others buy younger sons at Home.

Some do the deed with many
tears,
And some without a
For each man kills the
he loves."
The Ballad of Reading
Gaol.
YXfriEN Teddy Barnaby
* * sailed for Jamaica he
carried mingled feelings of
heroism, heartache and hope in
his youthful breast. He was
thoroughly alive, so he told his
friends, to the grave impor-
tance of his departure for the
distant wastes of the tropics.
How could there be a real civ-
ilization so far from Hyde
Park he questioned.
The brought Colonel
letter
Willoughby person to see
in
the son of his long ago chum.
sigh
And rather excitedly, for he
things was old and addicted to the use
of planters' punch, he besought
Teddy to take the place of
head-man at Blenheim, which
was one of the Colonel's
estates laid edgewise on the
South side of the Blue Moun-
tains. With the situation
went the princely remuneration
of two hundred pounds a year.
So Teddy packed his Lon-
don clothes and his French
novels in the two tin boxes
which the Colonel had insisted
he would need to protect his
belongings from the ants and
rain, and the two men drove

His eyes stung a bit as he to Gordon Town; there they

watched a certain little figure found pack-mules and the lean
grow dim on the wharf as the hill horses waiting to take them

"Port Antonio" slid into deep up the narrow trail to the

water. Oh, yes, he loved her mountains.
truly, the pink-and-white girl Riding past sugar - banana -
standing there waving her and coffee-plantations and then
handkerchief and crying. He into the steamy darkness of the
promised himself for the hun- virgin forest Teddy Barnaby
dredth time to make haste to stared about him with a faint
earn enough for his return to distaste: Jamaica was too
England for the wedding they crude; he preferred England.
had planned together so often. And this fact he told his
Then he considered the para- mother and his promised wife
disaical season that should be in almost all of the fat letters
theirs in Devon after which She would he sent home. He described too, as
go back with him to the islands. He vividly as possible his one-room tin
was sorry for himself. From self pity house and his loneliness — especially the
his thoughts ran on to the hazy but loneliness.
limitless schemes he had for fortune- In time he discovered that the island-
making in the coffee-fields. ers were really civilized enough to have
Once Kingston he settled comfort-
in tea in their precipitous rose-gardens just
ably in the slow gait of tropic life, wait- as the people in England did.
ing unconcernedly for the issue of a let- Daily he amused himself by imagining
ter his father had sent to a friend of the how the dainty pink-and-white person
Rugby days, gone years before to the would adorn the rose-embowered cottage
West Indies. It had been hoped he among the cloud-capped mountains and ;
194
he planted roses against the corrugated-
iron walls preparing for the future.
This, too, he wrote about to the two
women who secretly cried a little and
kissed the letters much.
But as the months scarcely varying in
heat, passed, his enthusiasm for the new
work wore away and Teddy looked
about for diversion letter-writing could
; could endure the night of shadows the
not fill all the long blank evenings after
the Rains came.
The Rains were partly responsible for
his choice of diversion.
They march over the mountains
straight and heavy without wind or
thunder; shutting out hill after hill, tree
after tree the rocks seem to gush water;
; door shut and sit nursing his thoughts
springs start from under a man's very
feet and the rivers roar and groan under
; Something in him snapped, that night,
their burden. When, at rare intervals
the clouds break, the unfathomable blue
of the tropical sky is revealed and, per-
haps, the palpitant pale line of the sea;
then the light and color vanish behind
the grey circle of snoring rain. And al-
ways from the valleys rises the deep
song of running water.
Teddy sat in his one room shuddering
with loneliness. And so, when slender
black Phema came with the regularity of
the early nightfall to prepare his tea and
light the lamp, he found himself making
excuses for her to stay and listen to him
talk. He was very lonely. . backs with the curling whip which was
The Rains may be borne for a day or
two or for a week, but when the narrow
ring of rain curtains the newcomer for
a month or more, he stands in danger of
many things. He must have iron nerve
or no imagination to live the first wet
season through alone without a scar on
mind or conscience. The older planters
pass the time with bottle or book with
accounts or butterfly collections, or in
whist at ha'penny points. But Teddy,
remembering the Summer storms
home idled at his window waiting
the clouds to lift.
He was the only white man on the
mountain then, for the Colonel had be-
taken himself to England to drink the
wine of his youth, and Teddy was left
in charge of "Blenheim." Tie should
—
have known better the Colonel his
head-man was too young and too ignor-
ant of hill-life to watch out the first
Rains alone.
THE CRISIS
He braved them for two weeks. Then
—
something in him snapped the tender
threads which bound him to the outer
world, the White world of the north.
The interminable ages between a day-
light and a dark came full of a hideous
dread. A longing for companionship
gripped him. He wondered how he
;
prying fingers of the rain about the roof ;
the phantoms tapping at the door till in
spite of himself he opened to them to
find nothing but a wild breath of the
mountain spirit which blew mockingly
upon his cheek wetting it with warm
rain. Fretfully he would slam the thin
which were anything but wholesome.
indeed.
After the two months passed and the
breaking clouds let the streaming, smok-
ing hills extend their vast backs in the
warmth of the revivifying sun, Teddy
took up his life where he had left it off
or near enough to the old way to deceive
himself.
Astride his Waler he went among "the
people" as they gathered the scarlet
cherries on the hill-sides ; he dogged the
"boys" cutting "bush," and when the
spirit moved him he flicked the bent
always tucked in his belt. In return
they loved him loved him for the very
;
welts and bruises which he lavished on
them. And added to the reverence and
affection for him as the better man
which stirred the hearts of the male
blacks, the women worshipped him.
Through the picking he was always
; far afield and Phema brought his lunch-
eon daily down the steeps. The tray,
laden with curried fowl and boiled
at plantain and covered neatly with a serv-
for iette from the interested gaze of J:he
people, made the journey on her head ;
she never raised her hand to steady it as
she swayed between the coffee-trees, her
slim body balancing from rock to rock,
her skin showing blue-black through the
rags of her bleached blouse.
— She was attractive in her way and it
was a way that Teddv liked. There was
a pleasure for him in her eyes as from
under her vivid handkerchief they

sought his with the glance of abject
love he liked her fresh, damp lips pro-
; bring himself to tell her any more.
truding childishly as though she pouted
ever so little he liked the supple play
; the path, and she waited for his home-
of her body at the waist, and the small
faultless breasts under the coarse linen.
Placing the tray beneath some or-
ange-tree she would kneel waiting her
master's will. In the ring of shade, lean-
ing over his tray he would toss a word
to her now and then at which her face
would light and flinging her
across her chest she would rock with
joy, crooning some black girl's bewitch-
ing song of the hills.
And Teddy was content.
He dropped into the way of calling her
by names which his tongue had learned
in England —
names belonging to a fairer
woman.
When he thought of home was
it
vaguely ; when letters came he read them
carefully, affectionately, but his fancy
did not fly so often to the possibilities of
the rose-embowered cottage.
At last the crop was in and rejoicing
at the respite from his labors, Teddy
had his horse saddled for a journey to
Kingston. Meekly Phema packed the
clothes of civilization in the tin box
then with her dog-like eyes she followed
him down the bridle-path till he disap-
peared behind a shoulder of the moun-
tain. At once she set about preparing a
feast for his return.
She learned that season to face him
dry-eyed when he announced his inten-
tion of departing for "the bottom." He
disliked tears. She tried to reason out
some comfort for herself but always
ended with the simple wish that he
would never go away from her again.
So the year ran out that kept the
Colonel in England.
He arrived at last in his big stone
house and he brought many messages
from two women for Teddy. And in
fond remembrance of long sweet Eng-
lish days that caused him to wink quick-
ly in recalling, he offered the boy six
months' leave and a generous advance
upon the two hundred a year.
Teddy, with all the stored-up heart-
hunger of eighteen months' absence from
everything that he held dear, exulted as
he ordered Phema to pack his boxes.
He intimated that he might be gone a
;
THE RAINS .195
longer than usual but he could not
little
She watched him ride singing down
coming. She put the tin house in
order she cooked his ricey-coco, and she
;
waited.
Then a whisper grew and stirred
among the people that the Young Mas-
ter had gone Home
to take a wife. Pa-
tiently Phema
denied and waited.
arms The roses which Teddy had planted
flourished, half-covering the unsightly
walls and Phema tended them, still wait-
ing. The black women shunned her and
laughed behind their hands for she had
been too simple and too happy to throw
any cloak of concealment over her great
enchantment. So in her solitude she
waited.
Teddy Barnaby and his wife stepped
from the gang-plank of the "Port An-
tonio" six months later and he carried
his head with the conscious pride of the
man who walks beside a woman more
than pretty and who is all his. —
It was not reluctantly that they
mounted their horses and started on the
upward climbing path to the cloudy
hills. The future held so much for both
of them that they were eager for each
day's dawning.
She looked with curiosity about her;
so lately come from bland and urban
England the ride through the virile,
primal jungle was an awakening. She
had only known tamed trees and fields
and flowers and fragrant blossomed
hedgerows along quiet lanes she had ;
only known passionless, faint skies and
she gazed wide-eyed at the raw gigantic
wilderness. She felt, so she told Teddy,
as though behind the lush trees, the
beetling cliffs, the blazing sky there
lurked a Thing with enigmatic smile,
waiting, brooding . . .
He laughed outright at her, 'That's
silly, you know, little woman !" and
thereafter she kept her fears to herself.
The path twisting on itself wound
through teak and mahogany forests.
Tall wild begonia and heliotrope brushed
the face of Teddy's wife "As though
they were trying me!" she thought with
a little shiver. In the indentures of the
—
highlands creases left by some dead
—
volcano singing burns danced down

196
over massed rocks and between high
fern. On one side rose the sheer hills
to the scintillant sky; on the other they
fell away till rivers and verdure below
were lost in mist. Sometimes a string
of galled donkeys laden with coffee
would pass, crushing Teddy and his wife
close to the warm red rocks.
Lianas reached across the path
orchids flickered in the trees like living
flame John Crows hung motionless
;
waiting for the ever-present death to
feed them. To Teddy's wife everything
seemed to be waiting.
Darkness fell and the homely little
lights shone out from the tenants' huts
and in the air was the sharp smell of
wood fires and frying yams. The Peak
shouldered up into the brightening stars
and in the stillness of the hill-night
Teddy and his wife came to Blenheim.
The Colonel, pushing aside his own
punch which was dearer to his heart
than all the grapes of Italy, honored
them with his imported bottles.
thev laughed and lingered over dinner he
told how the tin house had undergone a
—
change for the bride's sake it was "now
a bungalow over which I trust you are
to reign in happiness !" he said gallantly.
He led them there in the starlight and
it was the rose-embowered cottage of
Teddy's dreams come true. And then
the Colonel left them with their new
happiness and their old love.
Teddy's wife was provided with two
black girls who were to obey her house-
wifely commands and to serve the meals
in the jalousied dining-room. Teddy no
longer stayed in the fields for luncheon
but rode the hot steep miles to sit in the
bungalow with the girl whose face
haunted him all the hours he was away
—
from her, the face with its fearless
eyes and mouth to be crushed with kiss-
ing.
But she being mistress of so small
dwelling found, that prolong it as she
might, she could occupy but a portion
of each day in the care thereof, sought
out the "poor" as she called the blacks.
For the whole of a London season she
had slummed and now she threw herself
enthusiastically into the life of the peo-
ple.
Teddy came home from the
fields to find her brewing gruels
;
THE CRISIS
broths or else hemming sundry gar-
;
ments-; once he said to her:
"Don't poke about too much you may ;
run across a skeleton !" and they both
laughed. Gradually her dread of the
Thing grew less.
As for Teddy, he had not seen Phema
since his return and he harboured a hazy
hope at the back of his brain that the
Colonel must have "heard something"
and sent her to another estate he was ;
a good sort, the Colonel, and he would
do that, Teddy was quite sure. So he
pushed his memories aside.
But there came a morning when as
the black girl cleared the breakfast table,
she glanced toward Teddy's wife filling
a shallow bowl with flaunting orchids,
and some obscure emotion rose in her,
some world-old race-hate for the flower-
like face.
"Phema, she sick, Missus," she said
laconically.
Instantly the orchids dropped and the
And as mobile countenance reflected the sympa-
thy of the voice that asked where Phema
was to be found and who Phema was.
"She yonder, Missus," and the girl
pointed to a thatched hut below the
bungalow.
"Why, I know anyone lived
didn't
You have always said the
there !
—
girls
hut was empty " and Teddy's wife
hastily filled the bowl with her flowers,
then clasping a jar of broth in her hands
and with a bancra full of medicines on
her arm, she scrambled down the coffee-
fields to the hut.
The acre of ground surrounding it
was planted in scallions a dishevelled
;
banana grew beside the step and in the
path wallowed a scraggy hog.
The door and single window were
tightly closed in order to keep out the
"duppy" that seeks to enter a house of
sickness. Teddy's wife tapped, expect-
a ant of the dozen friends who hover
round the bed of an afflicted black, but
there was no answer. She lifted the
wooden latch and stepped within, blind-
ed at first with the dark of the airless
room. Faintly she heard the broken
speech of delirium.
Over and over the voice said a name.
Teddy's wife shrank against the door,
coffee- —
a catch in her throat why must it be
and that name of all there were in the world,
 : !
N. A. A. C. P.
she thought. Then goaded hy the spec-
tre-Thing smiling, waiting in the great
—
hideous jungle smiling at her and her
—
puny fear she walked across the room.
She leaned over the tossing bundle in
the corner and her clasp on the jar of
broth tightened her heart beat thickly
; jar of broth slipped from her fingers.
and she shivered a little for in the crook
of the black woman's arm lay a child
but a few hours born and it was nearly
white.
The mother's eyes, blued with pain
and the shine which precedes death,
opened and the clouded mind struggled
to understand the meaning of the face
that had risen from the silence to stare
at the baby in that dreadful way. Rea-
son came presently and Phema snatched
the baby close to he'r meagre breast and
whispered
"Why, Missus, hab yo' come? Yp'
want my baby? His baby?
. . . .
VITALIZING THE FIFTEENTH
AMENDMENT
The decision of the United States
Supreme Court handed down by Chief
Justice White, a Southerner and ex-
Confederate soldier, and declaring the
"Grandfather Clause" laws void, is the
most important decision affecting colored
people rendered by the Supreme Court
in twenty-five years. It vitalizes the
Fifteenth Amendment. The National
Association which through its President,
Mr. Moorfield Storey, filed a brief in the
Grtiinn and Beal case from Oklahoma
had a part in this important proceeding.
Three cases were before the Court one
from Maryland where the clause was
embodied in a law relating to registration
and municipal elections two others from
;
Oklahoma where the clause was em-
bodied in an amendment to the Constitu-
tion which imposed a literacy test
197
Ah yo' buckra will not even let us
!
black people die in peace Yo' use us
!
fo' yo' work or fo' yo' pleasure like de
—
mules, until we die den yo' come to
!"
look an' laugh
Teddy's wife shivered again and the
Phema's small, choked whisper con-
tinued :
"Yo' be de wife Young Massa went
to England to fetch out. Me know
Me watched yo' in de house wid he. . . .
Yo' kep' he from me t'rough one dry
season and de Rains an' yet, Young
. . .
—
Massa did gib me dis !" She touched
the child; her red-brown eyes met the
blue ones of Teddy's wife while over
each face crept the grey of death one —
—
of the body one of the soul.
And outside in the hard, white sun-
light Teddy Barnaby rode singing home
. . to luncheon.
which those who were entitled to vote
prior to January 1, 1866, those who were
then foreigners, and their lineal descend-
ants were exempted. Chief Justice
White handed down first the Court's
opinion in the Oklahoma case of Guinn
and Beal and that made the ruling out
of the Maryland statute inevitable. The
Court was unanimous in the two princi-
pal cases. Mr. Justice Lamar dissented
in the case from Oklahoma wherein Mr.
Justice Holmes delivered the opinion.
Mr. Justice McReynolds took no part in
the cases.
The Constitution of Oklahoma, upon
:
which that territory was admitted to
the .Union as a State, gave something
like manhood suffrage. Prior to the
election of 1910, however, an amend-
ment was adopted restricting the fran-
chise by a "Grandfather Clause." The
from case from Oklahoma known as the
 :
198
case of Frank Guinn and J. J.
vs. the United States arose from the
indictment and conviction of certain
election officers in Oklahoma for their
part in enforcing the State Constitu-
tional Amendment in question at the gen-
eral election in 1910. The opinion of the
Supreme Court was technically an an-
swer by that Court to questions certified
to it by the United' States Circuit Court
of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit.
The United States Government was
represented by its Solicitor General who,
on the request of our President, Mr.
Storey, permitted him to file a brief for
this Association. This was done in
October, 1913, and Mr. Jackson Ralston,
an eminent lawyer of Washington, D. C.
who presented the brief to the Court for
Mr. Storey, wrote that the Solicitor
General had expressed himself as being
extremely sympathetic with regard to
the position taken by this Association,
and confident as to what he apparently
regarded as the necessary result of the
argument.
The Association's offer of assistance
to the colored men concerned in the
Maryland cases brought to test the
validity of the Annapolis Election Law
was refused. It afterward developed
that these suits were set on foot by the
State Central Committee of the Repub-
lican Party during the campaign of 1909,
which turned upon the issue of a dis-
franchising amendment to the State Con-
stitution. This amendment was defeated.
The suits were tried in the lower court
by the Hon. Charles J. Bonaparte and
other counsel. Mr. Bonaparte did not,
however, argue the cases in the Supreme
Court. It is reported that immediately
after Judge Morris of the United States
District Court of Maryland declared the
Election Law invalid, the town of Elli-
cott, Md., was unable to hold its election
because both Republicans and Democrats
refused to serve as election officers.
The Chief Justice of the United States
Supreme Court summed up the opinion
of the Court in these words
"There seems no escape from the con-
clusion that to hold that there was even
possibility dispute on the subject
for
would be but declare that the Fif-
to
teenth Amendment not only had not the
self-executing power which it has been
THE CRISIS
Beal recognized to have from the beginning,
but that its provisions were wholly in-
operative because susceptible of being
rendered inapplicable by mere forms of
expression embodying no exercise of
judgment and resting upon no discern-
ible reason other than the purpose to
disregard the prohibitions of the amend-
ment by creating a standard of voting
which on its face was in substance but
a revitalization of the conditions which,
when they prevailed in the past, had
been destroyed by the self-operative
force of the amendment. * * * It is
true it contains no express words of an
exclusion, from the standard which it
establishes, of any persons on account
of race, color, or previous condition of
servitude prohibited by the Fifteenth
Amendment, but the standard itself in-
herently brings that result to existence,
since it is based purely on a period of
time before the enactment of the Fif-
teenth Amendment and makes that
period the controlling and dominant test
of the right of suffrage.
"We are unable to discover how, un-
less the prohibitions of the Fifteenth
Amendment were considered, the slight-
est reason was afforded for basing the
classification upon a period of time prior
to the Fifteenth Amendment. Certainly
it cannot be said that there was any
peculiar necromancy in the time named
which engendered attributes affecting
the qualification to vote which would not
exist at another and different period un-
less the Fifteenth Amendment was in
view."
LOUISVILLE SEGREGATION
ORDINANCE
The National Association has also put
its legal work on record in the Louisville
segregation case passed upon by the
Kentucky Court of Appeals on June 18
when the Court declared the segregation
ordinance valid. This case was carried
through the lower courts to the Court of
Appeals by the Louisville Branch of the
N. A. A. C. P., with the assistance of
the National office. The Branch began
its activities in this case about a year ago
when the Chairman of the Board of
Directors of the National Association
and Mr. Brinsmade, who was then its
attorney, addressed a mass meeting in

N. A. A. C. P.
Quinn Chapel, Louisville, called to pro-
test against the passage of the ordinance.
The decision of the Court of Appeals
was anticipated by the National Associa-
tion and a representative from Head-
quarters was in Louisville when the
Court declared the ordinance valid. A
series of meetings was immediately held
by the local Branch culminating in a
mass meeting at which the work of the
Branch was endorsed and a Committee
of One Hundred and More of its mem-
bers organized to begin a campaign to
raise part of the funds necessary to carry
the case up to the Supreme Court of the
United States. The Committee of One
Hundred and More represents all ele-
ments of the city including churches,
schools, and secret societies, and is work-
ing under twenty-five captains. The
National office has agreed to furnish the
balance of the funds necessary and to
cooperate with the Branch with legal ad-
vice. A full account of the work of the
Committee will appear in a later issue of
The Crisis.
The importance of the Louisville ordi-
nance far reaching Birmingham, Ala.,
is : Men's Federation took no action what-
and other cities are watching the out-
come of this case before proceeding to
pass segregation ordinances. A segrega-
tion case brought by the Baltimore
Branch to test the new city ordinance is
now pending in the highest court of
Maryland, and in St. Louis our Branch
is endeavoring to check the attempt
which local real estate men are making
to pass a segregation ordinance by means
of an initiative petition.
In the Louisville case, C. H. Buchanan,
a white man, is suing William Warley,
a colored man, for failure on the part of
the latter to fulfil his contract in paying
for a lot which he purchased from
Buchanan and on which one hundred
dollars has already been paid down. Mr.
Warley, who is President of the local
Branch, refuses to pay the balance, on
the ground that he is prevented from
using the lot by the segregation ordin-
ance. The men who are responsible for
the Louisville ordinance are reported to
have taken many suggestions from the
decision of the Maryland Supreme Court
which, in declaring the former Baltimore
segregation ordinance invalid, pointed
out how a valid ordinance might be
! !
199
drawn. The makers of the Louisville
ordinance claim that its strength is in its
protection of vested rights. In giving
the decision of the Kentucky Court of
Appeals, the Judge said that if colored
people did not like the parts of the city
in which they were segregated, they
could improve them as whites have im-
proved the sections they occupy
One of the most aggravating things
about this ordinance is that it does not
represent the real feeling of the best
white people of Louisville who have gen-
erally been friendly to colored people. It
is the result of the work of a few poli-
ticians who represent the interests of a
small group of white property owners.
Many of the white people of Louisville,
although they are indifferent and would
take no active part against the ordinance,
disapprove it, and some openly express
their condemnation. The only ones,
however, who had the courage publicly
to protest were three white women, rep-
resentative Southerners, who when the
measure was before the Mayor, went to
him and urged him not to sign it. The
ever on this ordinance. In this con-
nection ii is interesting to note that this
club, which claims to represent the civic
interests of Louisville, does not include
in its membership Unitarians, Roman
Catholics, Jews or colored people
Just before this ordinance passed, an
attempt was made by another group of
property owners to introduce Jim Crow
cars. This group of white people who
are developing a new suburb, to reach
the heart of the city are obliged to ride
through a colored section of the town
in cars which are often crowded with
colored people. It is reported that the
failure of this effort to bring in the Jim
Crow car was largely due to some broad-
minded white women.
It will be remembered that the Na-
tional Association refused to associate
with counsel in the Jim Crow car case
brought from Oklahoma known as Mc-
Cabe et al. vs. Atchison, Topeka and
Santa Fe Railway Company, although in
order to help Mr. Harrison, the colored
lawyer who had charge of the case, the
Association paid one hundred and eighty
dollars to print the record. Mr. Storey
refused to file a brief or appear before
200 THE
the U. S. Supreme Court on the ground
that the case was not properly drawn.
As was noted in the Crisis for January,
his comment on the case almost a year
before the opinion of the Court was
handed down, was almost identical with
that of Judge Hughes, who said that if
the case had come before the Court in
proper form it would have had a good
chance of having been decided on its
merits.
It is the purpose of the Association to
bring a succession of cases to the Su-
preme Court until it has placed that
Court on record on Jim Crow cars, se-
gregation and the race question in gen-
eral.
BRANCHES
Baltimore:
Mr. Carl J. Murphy, a graduate of
Harvard, 1913, and instructor in Ger-
man, has been refused admission to the
summer courses of Johns Hopkins Uni-
versity on the ground that "no provision
has been made for colored students."
The matter was referred to the National
office and a letter of protest immediately
sent to the university authorities.
Mr. Julius C. Johnson was elected
President of the Branch in place of Dr.
F. N. Cardozo, whose resignation was
accepted with regret and with a vote of
appreciation for his services. Under
Dr. Cardozo's leadership the Baltimore
Branch has grown In influence and mem-
bership until it ranks among the best in
the Association. Dr. Cardozo, although
a busy physician, has been an indefatig-
able worker for the Association. He
has given generously of his time and of
his income as his unselfish devotion to
the cause often compelled him to neglect
his practice. He has never received
remuneration of any kind for his serv-
ices and was always anxious that pub-
lic recognition should be given to his
associates rather than himself. The As-
sociation knows it will have his coopera-
tion in the ranks as heartily as when he
was president. He has set a high stand-
ard of idealism and achievement for his
successor.
Boston:
The reception and supper which the
Boston Branch gave in the vestry of the
Park Street Church in honor of Miss
CRISIS
Elizabeth C. Putnam, was attended by
one hundred and twenty-five guests. Mr.
Garrison, the President, resigned the
chair to Mr. Butler R. Wilson who pre-
sided. The object in giving die supper
to Miss Putnam was happily presented
by the Rev. Horace Bumstead, and Miss
Putnam responded in a most interesting
address, largely reminiscent, giving the
history of the relations of her family
with colored people as far back as the
Revolution. There were short addresses
by Dr. Ernest Gruening, Miss Maria L.
Baldwin, the Rev. Benjamin F. Swain
and others. A selection of songs was
given by Mrs. Mattie McAdoo.
Among the generous contributions
which the Association has recently re-
ceived, is a check for $91.03 from Mrs.
Butler R. Wilson of Boston, the balance
of the proceeds from a series of musi-
cales and assemblies arranged by Mrs.
Wilson which have already netted the
Association $67.20.
California, Northern:
This Branch gave a reception to Mr.
Moorfield Storey, the National Presi-
dent, at which Mr. Storey made an ad-
dress emphasizing the necessity of
thorough organization, the need of a
strong working fund, of the development
of a central scheme for work, and the
dropping of petty differences. Short
addresses were made by Mr. Walter A.
Butler, Mr. T. M. Jackson and others.
Cleveland:
This Branch reports that it has suc-
ceeded in having a teacher who discrim-
inated against colored pupils removed
from the public schools and that it has
also been able to place men in positions
which had previously been closed to col-
ored applicants. It has held several suc-
cessful meetings with Judge Thomas M.
Kennedy, Hon. "John P. Green, Mrs.
Mary Bethune, the Rev. B. F. Bradley
and Mrs. Carrie W. Clifford of Wash-
ington as speakers.
Columbus:
A committee of this Branch, uniting
with churches and other organizations,
filed a protest with the Chief of Police
requesting the investigation of the shoot-
ing of a colored woman, Miss Hallie
Harris, who happened to be passing
along the street when two police officers,
Thomas Robinson and William Bragg,

N. A. A. C. P.
were trying to arrest a colored boy with-
out warrant for an alleged misdemeanor.
The shooting took place about three
o'clock in the afternoon. The petition
demanded the suspension of the police
officers pending investigation.
District of Columbia:
Discrimination in the Post Office in
Washington has again been reported to
the National office and a strong protest
sent to the Postmaster General who has
replied that the matter is being: investi-
gated.
The President, Mr. Grimke, has suc-
ceeded in getting two colored girls rein-
stated on the temporary force in the
Department of the Auditor of the Post
Office. In presenting the matter to Mr.
Kram, Chief of this department, Mr.
Grimke pointed out that in discharging
these girls who were the only colored
employees, the Department had dis-
missed 100 per cent, of the colored tem-
porary force, at the same time discharg-
ing only about 35 per cent, of the corres-
ponding white force.
The Branch closed its campaign
new members with an enrollment
1100. Mr. William Miner, of the com-
mittee, secured the largest number, six-
ty-six new members and fourteen sub-
scribers to the Crisis. The report of
this committee, of which Prof. Thomas
W. Turner Chairman and Miss Mary
is
Cromwell, Secretary, was received too
late for publication this month. The
greater part of it will be printed in the
next issue.
Des Moines:
On June 2 this Branch held a second
educational meeting with Dr. G. H.
Sumner, Secretary of the Iowa Board
of Health as the chief speaker. This
wa^ one of a series of meetings arranged
by the Educational Committee which is
giving the colored people of the city an
opportunity to hear lectures by some of
the State's most distinguished citizens.
Los Angeles:
The Los Angeles Branch addressed a
circular letter to the candidates for
Mayor and the City Council which in a
The sum of Half the governed, even in culture lands,
the matter is this:
have no voice government. This is wrong. Next November you may
in their
help right this wrong. Will you do it?
Remember that one step toward the abolition of unjust Race discrimina-
tion is the abolition of unfair discrimination because of Sex.
:
201
series of questions requested an expres-
sion of opinion on the following matters
to be decided at the coming election
Single telephone plan, the initiative or-
dinance relating to jitney busses which
permits discrimination against colored
people, an ordinance creating a censor-
ing board vested with sufficient authority
to prohibit pictures against the public
interest, and an ordinance prohibiting
discrimination in the matter of seats in
motion picture houses. The Los Angeles
Post, in publishing a summary of the
answers and in recommending that
colored people vote for those candidates
whose answers showed them alive to the
interests of colored people, emphasized
that the N. A. A. C. P. did not endorse
any political party or candidate.
Pittsburgh:
Although this Branch has only been
organized a few months, its membership
is over four hundred. This increase is
largely due to the splendid work of the
Membership Committee which has as-
sociated with it a number of representa-
for tive women in sub-committees whose
of energetic efforts in a short time brought
in almost one hundred and fifty mem-
bers.
The Pittsburgh Branch united with
other organizations in a public protest
against "The Birth of a Nation" and a
committee from the Branch called upon
the Mayor to protest. An ordinance
prepared by Mr. William M. Randolph,,
the President, prohibiting moving pic-
ture plays "which shall tend to prejudice
the public mind against any class of law-
abiding citizens" was referred to the
City Law Department by the Mayor.
Through the activity of the Branch
discrimination in one of the large de-
partment stores has been checked. A
committee is now conferring with the
officers of the Boy Scouts in regard to
conditions on which colored boys can be
admitted to that organization.
The quarterly meeting of the Branch
on June 23rd, was attended bv about
500. Miss Nerney made the principal
address.
202 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

When Will I Be Insurable ?

There comes once in the lifetime of every man the opportunity to do the thing
which he ought. If he fails then, that chance never comes again. The things which
we fail to do are the greatest tests of our lives. We do not realize until we. look
backward and see. Most of us have more hindsight than foresight. Consequently,
all our chances are behind us rather than before. And the chance that is behind
never comes again.

Not long ago, one of our men received a letter. "If you will call and sec me
at once, I will take that insurance we were he
talking about," wrote a man whom
had months. He called and was shocked to note the changed appear-
solicited for
ance, the slackened step, the lusterless eye of a man who three months before
had been an example of physical vigor. Yesterday, I learned of that man's death.
He made the mistake that men so often make of WAITING UNTIL HE WAS
READY TO DIE BEFORE PREPARING FOR IT.. He put the matter off
until later. But when he was ready to insure NOT INSURABLE. HE WAS
Now, you who readthis, and you who have for several months been reading
this series of talks,have you ever stopped and asked yourself seriously "When :

will I be insurable?" When a life insurance agent talked to you last, maybe you
put him off until LATER. But do you know that in insurance LATER does not
come ? You know you are going to die. There is no doubt of it. Do you intend
to wait until you realize that Death is near before insuring? You are making a
mistake. Whenever the realization dawns on you that you have not long to live,
the physician who examines you, if he is honest, and most of them are, knows the
same thing. When you get so near death that you want insurance, you are too
near for a life insurance company to take a risk on your life.

You are insurable today; but when you will be in the future, nobody
knows. You have no mortgage on the future, neither have you any mortgage
on continued good health. The greatest thing in the world is life insurance.
It is the only one of a man's assets that his death automatically converts into
cash. The poorest thing in the world is the oft-repeated intention to insure.
The widow and the children can get no bread with the intentions you had
to insure. The supreme test of your life is: Will you insure NOW, or will you
put it off until later? We will send you an application blank and rates for
the asking. Our physician will examine you no matter where you live.
Clip the coupon now and mail it, and then ACT when we reply.

A COPY OF THE STANDARD LIFE YEAR BOOK,

Please \ FREE FOR THE ASKING.
send me ".

particulars *•.
about
insurance.
•.
STANDARD LIFE INSURANCE CO.
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Sex ".

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Name \
Address \ HEMAN E. PERRY, President
(C. August. 1915) \ HARRY H. PACE, Secretary

Mention The Crisis

 — — — — — —

THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 203

A VALUABLE BOOK
The Education of the
Negro Prior to 1861
The History of the Education of the Colored People of the
United States from the Beginning of Slavery to the Civil War
By
CARTER GODWIN WOODSON,
(HARVARD)
Ph. D.

460 pp. $2.00; by mail $2.15

"This book is neither a controversial treatise on Negro education nor a
study of recent problems. Dr. Woodson has given us something new. He
has by scientific treatment amassed numerous facts to show the persistent
strivings of ante-bellum Negroes anxious to be enlightened. What they
accomplished is all but marvelous."
The author aims to put the student of history in touch with the great
movements which effected the uplift of the Negroes, and to determine the
causes which finally reduced many of them to heathenism.
The titles of the chapters are "Introduction," "Religion with Letters,"
:

"Education as a Right of Man," "Actual Education," "Better Beginnings,"

"Educating the Urban Negro," "The Reaction," "Religion without Letters,"
"Learning in Spite of Opposition," "Educating Negroes Transplanted to
Free Soil," "Higher Education," "Vocational Training," "Education at
Public Expense." In the appendix are found a number of valuable docu-
ments. The volume contains also a critical bibliography and a helpful index.

OPINIONS
"I like it very much. You seem to have loosened up on your style a bit and you have done
an excellent piece of research. ...
I hope that your book will have a good sale." Edward Chan-
nxng, McLean Professor of Ancient and Modern History, Harvard University.
"It seems clear to me that you have made a substantial contribution to the subject and I know
I shall profit by it." Frederick J. Turner, Professor of History, Harvara University.
"I thought at first it would be out of my line, but on turning its pages, I discovered that
itmay well hold the attention of everybody with an intelligent interest in the colored people.
You write easily and flexiblyand have certainly compiled important material in the true spirit of
scholarship. I congratulate you sincerely." Ferdinand Schevill, Professor of History in the Uni-
versity of Chicago.
"It seems to me that you have taken a field of which little has been known and developed
in it a most interesting and valuable book. I am glad to have it in my library and rejoice that I
have had the privilege of some personal acquaintance with the author." Francis W. Shepardson,
Professor of History in the University of Chicago.
"I am delighted with the thoroughly scholarly way in which it has been put together and I
know enough about the subject to appreciate what it has cost you in time and effort to perform
this work." Dr. Robert E. Park.
"It is the story of the effort on the part of certain agencies to educate the Negro. It is above
all the story of the strivings of the Negro himself under tremendous difficulties and opposition, to
learn things,, to know more, to be more. Apart from the fund of information on the subject
. . .

which Dr. Woodson has here offered, the supreme point of this study is the unconquerable will of
the Negro. . . .The book, as a whole, is an illumination of the recent development of education
among the colored people." The Washington Star.

THIS BOOK MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE AUTHOR

2223 Twelfth Street, Northwest Washington, D. C.

Mention The Crisis

 — —
204 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

The Haitian Revolution

or

Side Lights on the French Revolution

By T. G. STEWARD

Second Edition

"No more interesting book has been written than this of Chaplain
Steward's on the revolution which converted the colony of St. Domingo into
the Republic of Haiti." Army and Navy Register.

"It cannot fail to be serviceable for an understanding both of the

Negro race and the relations of France with the West Indies." Professor
Albert Bushnell Hart.

Agents wanted

Address: T. G. STEWARD, Wilberforce, Ohio

"GLEANINGS FROM DIXIE-LAND"

Atlanta University Ten poems by
Effie T. Battlk, A.M.

Studies of the "Mrs. Battle has an individual gift

—Springfield
of melody."
Republican.

Negro Problems "You owe

book
vocate.
form."
it
—
to your race to publish your poems in
Editor, Southwestern Christian Ad-

18 Monographs Sold Separately "Verses are smooth, graceful, high-minded and clear,
reverent to all truth, appreciative of all beauty and
Address true inspiration." —George W. Cable.
PRICE 25 CENTS.
ATLANTA UNIVERSITY CONFERENCE Address: Okolona Industrial School,
ATLANTA UNIVERSITY :: ATLANTA, GA. Okolona, Miss.

The Curse
By James
of Race Prejudice
Morton,
3E 3E 3i — =n
F. Jr., A. M. "THE LIFE AND WORKS OF PAUL
LAURENCE DUNBAR"
An aggressive exposure by an Anglo-Saxon cham- Containing his COMPLETE POETI-
pion ofequal rights. Startling facts and crushing CAL WORKS, his best short stories,
arguments. Fascinating reading. A
necessity for numerous and a complete
anecdotes
clear understanding and up-to-date propaganda. Be- biography by Lida Keck Wiggins. This
longs in the library of every friend of social justice. great book should be in every Negro
Price 25 cents. Send order to home. Dunbar was the World's Great-
est Negro Poet and his work stands in
JAMES F. MORTON, JR. K a class alone. Contains 430 pages GO —
full-page illustrations Price $1.75 net.
211 West 138th Street New York,
-:- N. Y. Postage extra AGENTS WANTED.
15c.
TEXAS COLORED TEACHERS'
AGENCY
Book Department, Desk D
Make Extra Money Each Week 1025 Boll St.
—
Note to Teachers A post card will
Dallas, Texas
Light, pleasant and very work. Take
profitable bring information concerning our teach-
orders for our high grade calling cards at SO for 25 ers* placing agency. We recommend
cents with name and address. Big demand every- competent teachers to positions all over
where. Large commissions. Exclusive territory. the South. Address inquiry to Regis-
Write now for samples and terms. tration Department.
THE HOUSE OF CHOWNING. Indianapolis. Ind. DE
Mention The Crisis
 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 205

TI<1 Atf~'
,
¥¥lH l>^,
, Tne new
lHii*.V^niLI!.L» for thc mo d er n way of
efficiency era calls A Race
Enterprise.
electing teachers, through a live agency that furnishes
the connecting medium in a business way, saves time
of school_ officials, relieves teachers of the embarrass- Modern
ment of job hunting and covers the whole country.
We have had calls for teachers from Alabama, Improvements.
Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Mis-
Office and
sissippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Rhode
Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia Lobby on
and West Virginia. First Floor.
Our list of teachers covers even a wider territory.
THE MUTUAL TEACHERS' AGENCY Rates to
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Handy for

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"History of Negro Soldiers in Spanish-American Special rates to school teachers for July.
War" combined with "History of the Negro JUce." Write for rates. Address:
400 pages, 50 illustrations. Price $1.25 net.
Address: E. A. JOHNSON MRS. LUCY LEE, 5 Plain St., Elmhurst, N. Y.
154 Nassau Street NEW YORK After July 1st, The Ocean House, Sea Isle, N. J.

rnrr
W^
To Every Woman
^™ ^™
^ B B ^^ ^^
who
writes, one copy of "Ladies
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HOTEL LINCOLN
(American or European Plan)
formation indispensable to every
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to use
Tells how
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louis Mccreary Combines the restful
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EXCELLENT CUISINE— MODERATE. RATES— BEST OF SERVICE
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For information write C. A. BRECKENRIDGE, Prop.
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Mention The Crisis

 ;

206 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

Wealth is Power FMROS'PLAYERPMNOS

The Union Development Company's Factory TO Home
stock is a wealth producer. $40,000.00
of stock for sale at $10.00 per share.
Stock is now paying 7%. Every dollar
invested in first class improved business
property, located in the heart of the city
no risk, no failure. Company duly
chartered under the laws of Georgia; is
from factory to home,
of selling direct
BY MY PLAN f can save yon
composed of some of the most successful from $110 to $200 on my celebrated Evans Artist
Model Pianos.
and influential business men and women
Two. to Four Years to Pay
of the city and has great earning possi- The'feasiest kind of terms, weekly, monthly, quairv

bilities. Send at once for free circular terly or yearly payments to suit' your convenience.
* All middlemen, jobbers, dealers and agents
giving full information. 'profitscut out. No charge for salesroom expense for my
office is in my factory. These are some of the reasons
why I can sell the Evans Artist Model Pianos for such lHtle
money. Let me send you the other reasons Write today.
30 Days Free Trial
Union Development Co. We allow all freight charges, let you. use the
beautiful Evans Artist Model Piano for thirty days,
458 West Broad Street Savannah, Ga. free. you are not entirely satisfied, we will taRe V
If
it back without any cost to you —
you are the solely*?'
judge to decide. If you want to keep it, you may/jw<dV
do so on our low factory wholesale price on/
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COLORED AGENTS WANTED Free Music Lessons /w#.f#

Liberal commission; a postal brines particulars. *« BTRSY CUSTOM •
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LEGAL DIRECTORY
Telephones: {gffi-^W PERSONAL CARDS
HARRY E. DAVIS
Attorney-at-Law Notary Public Telephone 5277 Morningside
1607 Williamson Building Cleveland, Ohi«
DR. GERTRUDE
E. CURTIS
Office L.D. Telephone 3297 Market Surgeon Dentist
Hesidence L. D. Telephone S277-M Market 188 W. 135th Street New York City
GEORGE A. DOUGLAS
Counsellor-at-Law
Rooms 613-614, Metropolitan Building WILLIAM L. BELL ERNEST W. KING
113 Market St., Cot. Washington, Newark, N. J.
Associate Architects
General Practice Notary Public
WILLIAM R. MORRIS 300 Odd Fellow Bldg. ATLANTA, GA.
Attorney and Counsellor-at-Law
1020 Metropolitan Life Building
Minneapolis Minn.

BROWN S. SMITH J. E. ORMES

Offices:
Attornby-at-Law
Suite 802 Sykes Block Audits
ACCOUNTANT System!
Near Third and Hennepin
Minn. Business information by mail. Open for
Minneapolis engagements July and August
Box 25, Wilberforce University
GEORGE W. MITCHELL Wilberforce, O.
Attorney-at-Law
908 Walnut Street
Philadelphia Pa.

Tel. S437 Fort Hill Cable Address, Epben AGENTS WANTED FOR
EDGAR P. BENJAMIN
Attorney and Counsellor-at-Law W. T. McKissick & Co's.
34 School Street Boston, Mass. FAMOUS 90 DAYS TREATMENTS
No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3
Telephone Connection
W. Ashbie Hawkins George W. F. McMechen For Scalp, Hair and Skin
HAWKINS & McMECHEN P. O. Box 102, Wilmington, Del.
Attornkys-at-Law
21 East Saratoga Street Baltimore, Md.
Mention The Crisis
 — :

A New Book by Dr. DuBois

THE NEGRO
By W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS, author of "Souls of Black
Folk," "Quest of the Silver Fleece," "Select Bibliography of
the Negro American," etc.
This the authentic romance of the black man.
is It is a
history of him at once scholarly, earnest and eloquent. He is
considered from the earliest times, and the thread of his fas-
cinating story is followed in Africa, America, and wherever
else it has appeared. To look at the Negro against the back-
ground of his history is to see him in a light fairer than that
in which most Americans have seen him.

256 Pages— 3 Maps— Cloth Bound

At the low price of 50 cents net — By mail 56 cents

Dr. Du Bois's new book is the latest addition to a remarkable

series of low-priced new books with which everybody should be-
come acquainted.
These books may be obtained from The CRISIS, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York

The Home University Library

Is made upof new books by leading authorities.
The editors are Professors GILBERT MURRAY, H. A. L. FISHER, W. T. BREWSTER
and J. ARTHUR THOMSON.
Cloth bound, good paper, clear type, 256 pages per ff /\„
volume. Each complete and sold separately - - Ovv» i

IlCl
"A growing wonder of enterprise and sound judgment.
Each volume, entirely new, is furnished by an acknowledged
expert is brief enough and plain enough to be readable or
;

even fascinating, scientific enough to be a condensed authority

—and at the nominal price of 50 cents." Hartford Courant.
SOME SELECTED EARLIER VOLUMES
EVOLUTION By J. A. Thomson LATIN AMERICA By W. R. Shepherd
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION VICTORIAN LITERATURE
By Hilaire Belloc By G K Chesterton
ROME By W. Warde Fowler GERMANY OF TODAY
PROBLEMS OF PHILOSOPHY By Charles Tower
By Bertrand Russell EURIPIDES AND HIS AGE
NAPOLEON By H. A. L. Fisher By Gilbert Murray
THE CIVIL WAR By F. L. Paxson UNEMPLOYMENT By A. C. Pigou
94 volumes now ready. Send for a list

HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY 34

^wvo£k
eet

Mention The Crisis

A Selected List of Books
These prices do not include postage. Postage extra.

House Behind the Cedars. (Charles W. Chesnutt) $1.50

Hazel. (Mary White Ovington) . . . . 1.00

The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. (Anonymous) 1.20

Lyrics of Lowly Life. (Paul Laurence Dunbar) 1.25

The Marrow of Tradition. (Charles W. Chesnutt) 1.50

The Sport of the Gods. (Paul Laurence Dunbar) 1.50

Norris Wright Cuney. (Maud Cuney Hare) 1.50

A Narrative of the Negro. (Leila Amos Pendleton) 1.50

Souls of Black Folk. (W. E. B. Du Bois) 1.25

Race Adjustment. (Kelly Miller) 2.00

History of the Negro. (B. G. Brawley) 1.25

Half a Man. (Mary White Ovington) 1.00

Mind of Primitive Man. (Franz Boas) 1.50

Aftermath of Slavery. (William Sinclair) 1.50

John Brown. (W. E. B. Du Bois) 1.25

Negro in American History. (J. W. Cromwell) 1.25

Prince Hall and His Followers. (George W. Crawford) 1.00

Liberia. (Frederick Starr) 1.00

The Negro. (W. E. B. Du Bois) 50

Facts of Reconstruction. (John R. Lynch) 1.50

Story of the Negro. 2 Volumes. (Booker T. Washington) 3.00

Masterpieces of Negro Eloquence. (Alice Moore Dunbar, Editor) 2.50

Poems of Paul Laurence Dunbar 2.00
The African Abroad. 2 Volumes. (William H. Ferris) 5.00

Afro-American Folksongs. (H. E. Krehbiel) 2.00

Out of the House of Bondage. (Kelly Miller) 1.50

The Colored Inventor. (Henry E. Baker) 15

A Child's Story of Dunbar. (Julia L. Henderson) 25

Address
THE CRISIS
70 Fifth Avenue :: :: New York City

Mention The Crisis

The CRISIS
jftl
±.: .li

¥
fl/V

83*2

TEN CENTS A COPY

fa ife
PUBLISHER'S CHAT fa fa
The OCTOBER Number
is Children's Number. There will be the usual
beautiful baby a leading editorial for parents by the Hon. Archibald H.
pictures,
Grimke, a children's story and much more that's readable.
Baby pictures must reach us before September 1 st to be considered.
The NOVEMBER CRISIS is New Orleans Number.

The DECEMBER CRISIS is Christmas Number and before it will come our
Christmas card and our fine HISTORICAL AND STATISTICAL CALENDAR
— a work of art and marvel of condensation.

H Selected Xiet of Books

These prices do not include postage. Postage extra.

Hazel. (Mary White Ovington) $1.00

The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. (Anonymous) 1.20
Norris Wright Cuney. (Maud Cuney Hare) 1.50

A Narrative of the Negro. (Leila Amos Pendleton) 1.50

The White Man's Burden. (T. Shirby Hodge) 1.00

Souls of Black Folk. (W. E. B. Du Bois) 1.25

Race Adjustment. (Kelly Miller) 2.00

History of the Negro. (B. G. Brawley) 1.25

Half a Man. (Mary White Ovington) 1.00

Aftermath of Slavery. (William Sinclair) 1.50

John Brown. (W. E. B. Du Bois) 1.25

Negro in American History. (J. W. Cromwell) 1.25

Prince Hall and His Followers. (George W. Crawford) 1.00
Liberia. (Frederick Starr) 1.00
The Negro. (W. E. B. Du Bois) 50
Facts of Reconstruction. (John R. Lynch) 1.50
Story of the Negro. 2 Volumes. (Booker T. Washington) 3.00
Masterpieces of Negro Eloquence. (Alice Moore Dunbar, Editor) 2.50
Poems of Paul Laurence Dunbar 2.00
Afro-American Folksongs. (H. E. Krehbiel) 2.00
Out of the House of Bondage. (Kelly Miller) 1.50

Mention The Crisis

 AU G 2 8 J9i5

THE CRISIS
A RECORD OF THE DARKER RACES
PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF
COLORED PEOPLE, AT 70 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY
Conducted by
W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS
AUGUSTUS GRANVILLE DILL, Business Manager

Contents Copyrighted, 1915, by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Contents for September, 1915

PICTURES
COVER. The Colonel of the Eighth Regiment, 111. N. G. Page
Thirty-nine Picture's and Portraits of Colored Chicago

ARTICLES
COLORED CHICAGO 234
SOME CHICAGOANS OF NOTE 237
TRACING SHADOWS. By Jessie Fauset 247
PRIZE CONTEST 246

DEPARTMENTS
ALONG THE COLOR LINE 215
MEN OF THE MONTH 221
OPINIONS - 223
EDITORIAL 230
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COL-
ORED PEOPLE . 243
BOOKS 251

TEN CENTS A COPY; ONE DOLLAR A YEAR

FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS TWENTY-FIVE CENTS EXTRA
RENEWALS: When a subscription blank is attached to this page a renewal of your subscrip-
tion is desired. The date of the expiration of your subscription will be found on the wrapper.
CHANGE OF ADDRESS: The address of a subscriber can be changed as often as desired.
In ordering a change of address, both the old and the new address must be given. Two weeks'
notice is required.
MANUSCRIPTS and drawings relating to colored people are desired. They must be accom-
panied by return postage. If found unavailable they will be returned.
Entered as Second-class Matter in the Post Office at New York, N. Y.
212 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

Atlanta University MOREHOUSE COLLEGE

(Formerly Atlanta Baptist College)
Is beautifully located in the City of Atlanta,
Ga. The courses of study include High ATLANTA, GA.
School, Normal School and College, with College, Academy, Divinity School
manual training and domestic science. Among An famous within recent years
institution
the teachers are graduates of Yale, Harvard,
for its emphasis on all sides of manly develop-
Dartmouth and Wellesley. Forty-six years
of successful work have been completed.
ment —
the only institution in the far South
devoted solely to the education of Negro
Students come from all parts of the South. young men.
Graduates are almost universally successful. Graduates given high ranking by greatest
For further information address northern universities. Debating, Y. M. A^ C
President EDWARD T. WARE athletics, all live features.

ATLANTA, GA. For information address

JOHN HOPE, President

Knoxville College ST. MARY'S SCHOOL

Healthful Location.
Beautiful Situation.
The Best Moral and Spiritual Environ- An Episcopal boarding and day school for
under the direction of the Sisters of St
ment. A
Splendid Intellectual Atmos- girls,
Mary. Address:
phere. Noted for Honest and Thorough
Work. THE SISTER-IN-CHARGE
Offers full courses in the following departments:
611 N. 43d St W. Philadelphia, Fa.
College, Normal, High School, Grammar School and
industrial.
Good water, steam heat, electric lights, good drain-
age. Expenses very reasonable.
Opportunity for self-help.
AVOID BAD
home
SCHOOLS
Educate your children at under our expert teacher*
Fall Term Begins September, 1915 Courses for Adults
For information address
Pupils received at any time. Write to
President R. W. McGRANAHAN Educational Externum School, Box 3194 Station F, Wathmgtoa, D. C.
KNOXVTLLE, TEJW. Highly Endorsed. Financially Responsible.
AGENTS WANTED

THE AGRICULTURAL WILEY UNIVERSITY

MARSHALL, TEXAS
TECHNICAL* COLLEGE Recognized as a college of the First Class
of by Texas and Louisiana State Boards of
North Carolina Education. Harvard, Yale and Columbia
represented on its faculty students gath-
(Formerly the A. & M. College)
ered from ten different states.
;

The 22d annual session will be-

gin September 1, 1915. Board, Strongest Music Department in the West
lodging and tuition $8.00 per M. W. DOGAN, President
month. Four year courses leading
to trade certificates. Four year FISK UNIVERSITY
college courses leading to degrees NASHVILLE, TENN.
of Bachelor of Science in Agricul- Founded 1866
ture and Bachelor of Science in Thorough Literary, Scientific, Educational,
Mechanics. Musical and Social Science Courses. Pioneer
in Negro music. Special study in Negro life.
For catalog or further information Ideal and sanitary buildings and grounds.
Address Well-equipped Science building.
Christian home life.
President Dudley, A. & T. College
High standard of independent manhood and
GREENSBORO, N. C. womanhood. For literature, etc., write
FAYETTE AVERY McKENZIE, President.
Mention The Crisis
 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 213

School of Medicine of Howard University

Including

Medical, Dental and Pharmaceutic Colleges

1867-1915
Stephen M. Newman, D.D., President Edward A. Balloch, M.D., Dean

The FORTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL SESSION will begin October 1,

1915, and continue eight months.

Requires for admission to Medical College two years of college work

including courses in inorganic and organic chemistry, qualitative analysis,
physics, biology and either French or German. Full corps of instructors,
well equipped laboratories, unexcelled hospital facilities.

For catalog or information concerning Medical, Dental,

Pharmaceutic or Post-Graduate courses write

w. c. McNeill, m.d., Sec.

Fifth and "W" Streets, N. W. Washington, D. C.

The Cheyney Training School for Teachers

CHEYNEY, PENNSYLVANIA

Under the management of the Society of Friends. Beautifully located,

healthful, well appointed, and within easy reach of a great variety of educa-
tional institutions, public and private, extending from West Chester to
Philadelphia representing a wide range of educational problems and
;

practice.

This school offers to young colored men and women who have a reasonable
secondary school preparation, and who earnestly desire to become teachers,
carefully graded courses in academic work, domestic science, domestic art,
manual crafts and agriculture. Summer school will not be held at Cheyney
during 1915, but will open on an improved basis in 1916. Tuition is free.
Board, lodging, heat, light and laundry' privileges are offered for nine
months for $100. The charge for the same during the summer-school
:ourseis $15. Write for particulars to

LESLIE PINCKNEY HILL, Principal

Mention The Crisis

214 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

The National Religious Training School

"I cordially commend the school's interest and needs to all who believe
in the Negro race and in our obligation to help promote its intellectual, moral
and religious uplift."
Rev. Dr. Charles H. Parkhurst, New York City.

IT IS MORE THAN -A MERE SCHOOL

IT IS A COMMUNITY OF SERVICE AND UPLIFT
Its influence destined to be felt in all sections of the country in improved
is

Negro community wherever our trained workers locate.

life
Settlement workers, missionaries for home and foreign mission fields, Y. M. C. A.
and Y. W. C. A. secretaries and district nurses receive a comprehensive grasp of their
studies under a Wellesley graduate and experienced co-workers and actual every-day
practice through the school's SOCIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT.
We aim also to create a better qualified ministry.
Industrial training, advanced literary branches, business school.
Thirty-two acres ten modern buildings healthful location.
; ;

We can accommodate a few more earnest, ambitious students.

Communities requiring social workers should write us.

For catalog and detailed information address:

PRESIDENT JAMES E. SHEPARD
National Religious Training School Durham, N. C.
The school has no endowment fund and must raise a yearly maintenance fund
of $15,000 for running expenses. Won't you help us this year?

Downingtown Industrial
LINCOLN INSTITUTE and Agricultural School
Downingtown, Pa.

Eleventh Session Begins

Founded by Negro soldiers. Sup-
ported by the State of Missouri. For SEPTEMBER 16, 1915
both men and women. Faculty of 34 CO-EDUCATIONAL
from the best schools and colleges of
the country. College Department, offer- Full Literary, Commercial, Domestic Science
ing four years' course with degree and Art, Trades and Agricultural Courses.
Bachelor of Arts Normal Department,
;

offering two years' course, followed by

For information write Wm.
A. Creditt, Presi-
dent, 628 So. 19th Street, Philadelphia, Pa., or
four years of Standard High School
B. C. Burnett, Secretary, Industrial School,
work, and leading to the Degree
Downingtown, Pa.
Bachelor of Pedagogy College pre-
;

paratory course. Music, art, domestic

science, elocution, agriculture, and
trades courses. Normal diploma. Life E. ALDAMA JACKSON
certificate to teach in the public schools Graduate Institute of Musical Art, Organist and Director
of Missouri. One of the best schools of Music St. Mark's M. E. Church
in the country for students of limited Teacher of Theory and Piano
means. Catalog on request. Theory course embraces elementary and advanced
Harmony or Counterpoint.
Private or Class Work
Opens September 1st Studio : 30 W. 132d STREET, NEW YORK CITY

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN ALLEN WANTED

President
JEFFERSON CITY MISSOURI Agents for THE CRISIS. Dignified work.
70 Fifth Avenue, New York.
Mention The Crisis
 THE CRISIS
Vol. 10 -No. 5 SEPTEMBER, 1915 Whole No. 59

MUSIC AND ART from the classics, modern composers

\\T E learn that the picture of Lincoln and Negro dialect songs. Mr. Burleigh
and So-journer Truth, repro- was ably and sympathetically accom-
duced on the cover of the August Cri- panied by Mr. Melville Charlton, of
sis, is a reproduction of a painting by New York.
Brooklyn,
Lottie E. Wilson of Niles, Michigan, CThe New York Post says:
presented by her to President Roosevelt "The interest in native Indian music,
and now hanging in the permanent col- which has been awakened in recent
lection in the White House. Miss Wil- years, has received added impetus in the
son, who later became Mrs. Moss is a Middle and Far West through the joint
colored woman. recitals of Charles Wakersfield Cadman,
CMr. Carl L. Diton, pianist-composer, the composer, and the Princess Tsian-
now of Wiley University, Marshall, ina Red feather, who, according to re-
Texas, was heard in numerous concerts ports, shows the most musical qualities
in the South and West recently and of her race. The rich mellowness of her
scored a decided success at each appear- voice is commented on specially and re-
ance. Mr. Diton is spending the sum- calls the beautiful quality of the chorus
mer months at Galveston and Houston, from which gave a concert in
Carlisle,
Texas, where he is engaged in teaching. New York some years ago. She is,
Of the four Jubilee songs lately pub- moreover, a trained singer, and her in-
lished by the house of Schirmer, Musi- terpretation of Mr. Cadman's songs has
cal America says "Mr. Diton's work
:
proved of unusual interest, combining,
commands respect and admiration. Chor- as it does, the racial peculiarities of the
al societies throughout the country Indian and the technical qualities of the
should use these fine numbers. They Caucasian."
are individual and will make a stirring CMiss Cheatham, the well known
Kittie
effect." American Nash-
diseuse, while visiting
CMiss V. Josephine Muse, graduate of ville, Tenn., during July, gave an im-
the Yale Conservatory of Music, gave promptu talk on music. In speaking of
her second annual piano-forte pupils' her research work, she said "As the :

recital on June 23rd at New Haven, expression of our own national life in
Connecticut. music, we have only the Negro and the
COn June 10th, before an audience that Indian music and ragtime, the latter be-
included officers from the Bordentown ing just a surface expression of our ma-
Military Academy, a recital was given terial restlessness. . . .

by Mr. H. T. Burleigh of New York, at "The pure Negro music is of utmost

the Manual Training and Industrial importance in preserving our national
School. Bordentown, N. J. individuality in music, and I am urging
Mr. Burleigh's selections were drawn the. 'Negro to hold those -primitive, songs
216 THE
MR. R. B. BARCUS MR. W. L.
which have come forth as an expression
—
of the best qualities of his race a child-
like faith, loyalty, and loving service."
C Theodore Spiering, the noted violinist,
who has made known many new. violin
compositions, has presented Coleridge-
Taylor's Ballade in leading cities in
Germany. In London, the Spiering has
played the composition with the late
Coleridge-Taylor at the piano. The
Ballade was first played in America by
Mr. Clarence Cameron White, violinist,
of Boston, Mass., with Mrs. Maud
Cuney Hare at the piano.
CAt a musicale given June 19th at the
Studio Lillie Machin at Carnegie Hall,
New York, a feature of the recital noted
by Musical America was Miss Marie
Steinway's singing of H. T. Burleigh's
"Just You" and "The Spring, My
Dear,"
and his cycle, "Saracen Songs." The
accompaniments were played by Mr.
Burleigh who shared the appreciative
applause of the audience.
COn July 1st, Mr. Kemper Harreld,
violinist of Chicago, 111., assisted by
Miss Gussie Rue Harris, reader, gave a
recital at Tuskegee Institute. Mr. Har-
reld now maintains a studio at Atlanta,
Georgia.
m dress to the high school graduates of the
MEETINGS
•TVR. ANNA HOWARD SHAW was
*-* one of the speakers at the recent
session of the Northeastern Federation
of Colored Women's Clubs, in Philadel-
phia.
CThe National Association of Teachers
CRISIS
ANDERSON DR. W. A. METHOD
of colored schools has been meeting in
Cincinnati with an excellent program
and attendance.
CThe eighteenth biennial Supreme
Lodge session of the colored Knights of
Pythias convened in Columbus, Ohio,
October 16th to 21st. Mr. Robert B.
Barcus was chairman of the entertain-
ment committee and Dr. W. A. Method
the treasurer. The grand chancellor of
the State was Mr. W. L. Anderson.
Several thousand Pythians were present
and the session was very successful.
CAn institute for colored teachers was
held in Greenville, Pitt County, South
Carolina.
M
EDUCATION
T^ILLOTSON COLLEGE graduated
* two Bachelors of Art year in
this
addition to her seventeen high school
graduates.
CWiley University, Marshall, Texas,
has always been rated among the lead-
ing colored colleges. The Education
Number of The Crisis did not place it
among the leading institutions simply be-
cause the page was too small.
CHon. Archibald H. Grimke of Wash-
ington, D. C, delivered the closing ad-
city.
f[A Round Table for the study of con-
among colored children in the
ditions
Philadelphia schools, has been formed in
that city.
CByrd Prillerman, president of the
Colored Institute in West Virginia, was
one of four educators to be awarded life
 ALONG THE COLOR LINE 217

certificates by the State Education De-
partment for valuable services
teacher.
CPaul T. Robeson of Somerville, N. J.,
has won a scholarship to Rutgers Col-
lege.
CThe Bordentown Industrial School,
New Jersey, is to be re-organized as a
vocational school.
CJulius Rosenwald is furnishing the
money with which the Extension Depart-
ment of Tuskegee Institute is building
rural schools throughout Alabama.
CAn Industrial and Training School for
Negroes has been established at Cottage
Grove, Alabama. A large party from
Tuskegee attended the dedication.
C Mother Katherine Drexel has pur-
chased the property of the Southern
University, in New Orleans, Louisiana,
for a convent and industrial school for
Negro children.
C Miss Beatrice Sims, of Vancouver, B.
C, thirteen years of age, and the only
colored girl in her class of twenty-five,
received the highest marks in her school
examinations for entering the high
school.
U^
ECONOMICS
T\7- A. TUCKER has sold eleven
" * • mining claims near Lodi, Nevada,
for $40,000.
C Organization of colored women em-
ployed in domestic service throughout
the country was urged at the meeting of
the Northeastern Federation of Colored
Women's Clubs.
CA Negro colony has been established
at Bodenberg, Texas, on a 4,000 acre
tract.
CThe National Association of
Mechanics has been formed
York City.
C Farmers of Pulaski County, Arkansas,
have organized a Progressive Farming
Club. They have built a dipping bath
and bought a canning outfit; they will
be used co-operatively.
f[A company of Negroes has purchased
over 10,000 acres in Bradford County,
Florida. „—
SOCIAL UPLIFT
T^HE Associated Charities of York,
*• Pa., have begun work among the
colored people of the town. Dr. G.
Bowles has been appointed to direct the
as a clean up crusade, in the eastern district.
C Fulton Social Settlement Workers of
Fulton, Va., conduct a camp for colored
children every summer.
C Mayor Thompson of Chicago has ap-
pointed two colored men to positions in
the corporation counsel's office.
CA Civic League to study the general
needs of Negroes in that city has been
formed in Philadelphia.
CFive colored athletes will compete at
the National Championship Meet to be
held at the Panama Exposition.
CMrs. M. B. Booth, head of the Salva-
tion Army, spoke in New York City, in
behalf of the Empire Friendly Shelter,
a home for unfortunate women.
CThe Virginia State Federation of
Colored Women's Clubs has opened an
industrial home school for wayward girls
at Peake, Hanover County.
CThe Eighth Illinois Regiment, Nation-
al Guard, has received an appropriation
from the state legislature which will al-
low it to properly finish its armory.
C Among the prizes recently given by the
New Orleans Item, a white daily, for
writing the best letters, one was won by
Mrs. C. B. Spears, a colored woman.
CA new magazine devoted particularly
to literature and called "The Citizen"
has been issued in Boston. Mrs. O. W.
Bush is editor and C. F. Lane business
manager.
CHayti and Liberia will be represented
by exhibits at the Lincoln Jubilee in Chi-
cago.
C"The Monitor," a new magazine has
been started in Omaha, Nebraska, by
Rev. J. A. Williams.
Negro CAt the Home of St. Michaels and All
in New Angels in Philadelphia, little colored
cripples are cared for by kind white
nuns.
CThe Sojourner Truth House for De-
linquent Colored Girls will be opened in
New York City, October first.
CThe Urban League maintained a camp
for boys at Verona, N. during the
J.,
summer.
CThe Kentucky Home Society for
Colored Children aims to find homes for
children who have none.
CThe Wilson Hospital and Tubercular
W. Home for Negroes, in North Carolina,
218 THE
is maintained by the colored people of
Wilson, N. C.
CThe Women's Co-operative Civic
League of Baltimore, Md., reports on a
year's work, in which beginnings have
been made toward civic betterment.
CThe Detroit Association for Welfare
Work has been organized to better social
conditions for the youth of Detroit,
Michigan.
CThe Mayor of Los Angeles ap-
pointed several colored men on the com-
mittee which received Hon. Wm. J.
Bryan on his visit to that city.
C Professor F. P. Gay of the University
of California states there is no test
known to science which will tell the
blood of a Negro from that of a white
person.
CThe southern delegates to the World
Christian Endeavor Convention in Chi-
cago, acknowledged the brotherhood of
the Negro and voted to begin work to
carry Christianity to the colored people.
CMinisters of Denison, Iowa, have pro-
tested against the appearance of Varda-
tnan at the Chautauqua there, because of
his biased utterances.
CRt. Rev. Mgr. J. E. Burke, director
general of the Catholic Board of Mission
Work among Colored People, made an
appeal for the cause in Waterbury, Conn.
C Colored people of Kentucky will hold
an exposition, celebrating emancipation
in July, 1916.
CA scholarship fund, in memory of the
late Fanny Jackson Coppin, a talented
teacher and long the principal of the In-
stitute for Colored Youth in Philadel-
phia, has been started by the alumni of
the school.
CThe colored women of the Baptist
Women's Convention have raised for
missions and education $175,109 since
1900. This does not include state ex-
penditures.
CEarly in the spring, over five hundred
soldiers competed in a race at Aldershot,
England. The King acted as starter and
the Queen presented the prizes. The
race was won by Private Stewart, a
colored soldier from Jamaica.
CThe "New York Academy," a colored
school of stenography and typewriting,
has registered sixty-five students during
the last year. Mr. R. W. lustice is the
director.
CRISIS
C Woodland, California has two colored
letter carriers of the three and one
colored substitute two colored ice cream
;
venders are doing a good business in the
city. Mrs. M. J. Williams who lives
here rated as the wealthiest colored
is
woman in California. She has some
$70,000 in real estate investments.
CMr. Willard E. Stanton of Painsville,
Ohio, writes that his grandmother made
ice cream in that town in the sixties,
which sold for five dollars a gallon. His
family still treasures the first receipt.
An old clipping which The Crisis re-
printed told of the invention of ice cream
some years later.
CProf. Frederick Starr of Chicago
University has been created a Knight
Commander of the order of the Redemp-
tion of Ethopia by the Government of
Liberia. He is given this highest honor
which Liberia can bestow because of his
services in placing her in her true light
before the world.
CR. D. P. Williams, a New York col-
ored man, has been the first engineer in
this country to install and operate a
prime mover which is a complete power
plant in itself. This type of power unit
is much used in Europe. Mr. Williams'
experiment will be watched with much
interest by engineers here because of the
economy of the operation of the plant.
CThe African Union Company, incor-
porated in New York State, is composed
of men well known in their communities.
They plan to export other tropical pro-
ducts, as well as mahogany. They have
valuable mining concessions and will
later open an industrial school. The na-
tives are interested in the project.
C Wilson Mongoli Sebeta of South Af-
rica, has finished the course in medicine
and surgery at the Royal College, Glas-
gow. ^
THE CHURCH
r T> HE 129th anniversary of the found-
X ing of Bethel A. M. E. Church,
first independent Ne-
Philadelphia, the
gro Methodist Church in the country,
was celebrated last month in Philadel-
phia.
CThe Commission
on Federation of
Colored Churches has put
Methodist
forth a tentative plan which aims to
unite all the colored Methodists in
America.
 ALONG THE COLOR LINE 219

PERSONAL ([Gustavus B. Aldrich of Tacoma,

SCOTT
TJ EV. RALEIGH A.
-*^- living in England was
minister for life of a church in
field, England.
([Miss Kathleen Easmon, a West Afri-
can musician, is engaged as a dancer in
the Indian Opera, Lakme, which is being
rendered at the London Opera House.
A few months ago Miss Easmon made
her professional debut in the Oriental
matinee at Shaftsbury Theatre in aid of
the Indian troops in France in the pre-
sence of Queen Alexandra and other
members family of Great
of the royal
Britain. Miss Easmon is daughter of
the late Dr. John Farrel Easmon, a not-
able Colonial Surgeon of the Gold Coast
and discoverer of the treatment of the
tropical disease known as black water
fever. She is sister of Dr. M. C. F.
Easmon, a graduate of London Univer-
sity, now serving the wounded and sick
of the expeditionary forces at the Kama-
roons, and cousin of Dr. E. M. Boyle of
Baltimore.
Washington, who was refused service in
while
a restaurant there, won a suit which he
elected
brought against the owner.
Chester-
([Isaac H. Smith, a former member of
the legislature of North Carolina, died
lately in Newbern, N. C.
([Dr. J. Marcus Cargill, the founder of
Provident Hospital, Baltimore, Md., is
dead.
([George W. Buckner of Indiana, United
States Minister to Liberia, has notified
the State Department of his intention to
resign.
([Billy Ker sands, a well known minstrel,
died recently at Artesia, New Mexico.
([Miss Beatrice Lomax, made the high-
est average in an examination for steno-
graphers held by the New Jersey Public
Service Commission.
([Dr. M. C. B. Mason the well known
minister and lecturer is dead.
CClyde Henry Donnell was one of the
graduates from the Harvard Medical
College.

CH. B. Dismond representing Chicago ([James Hammond who died lately in

University broke the national amateur Mineola, Long Island, left an estate of
record for the quarter mile. His time $30,000.
was forty-eight and three-fifths seconds. ([Lucy Nichols, only woman member of
The best previous record made by Burke theGrand Army of the Republic, is dead
was forty-eight and four-fifths seconds. at New Albany, Indiana.
Solomon Butler leapt twenty-four feet ([Lawrence Hartgrove won first prize
two and one-half inches in the running in two essay contests in Washington, D.
broad jump beating Kelly's world record C, recently.
of twenty-three feet, eleven inches. Dis-
mond and Butler will represent the Cen-
m
tral States at the San Francisco fair. FOREIGN
([Mrs. M. C. Lawton of Brooklyn, N. T^ROM all her African colonies, from
Y., has been elected President of the -*•
the West
Indies and from India,
Empire State Federation of Colored England has received voluntary gifts of
Women's Clubs. She succeds Mrs. provisions and money to aid her in the
Mary Talbert. war.
C Captain Martenoi of Guadeloupe is an ([Natives in British West Africa feel
officer in the French Navy. that the government should appoint na-
CT. T. Fortune has joined the editorial tive doctors in all the colonies on the
staff of the Philadelphia Tribune. coast.
([Mayor William Riddle of Atlantic (I A
Social Club for Africans tempo-
City has started a hero fund for John E. rarily residing in England has been
Stoner, who lately saved Miss May established in Liverpool.
Donovan from drowning. C Colored people in South Africa have
([Benjamin D. Gibbs won his suit difficulty in deciding whom to support in
against a saloon keeper of Kingsbridge, the coming elections. All know, how-
New York City, who made an exorbitant ever, that the Labor Party is their de-
charge when serving him. clared enemy.

220 THE
ft Five young men of Barbadoes have
gone to Sierra Leone to work for five
years on the railway there as engineers.
ft Following the practice of Natal, which
has always treated the blacks badly,
native interpreters are being replaced,
throughout South Africa, by Europeans.
([Mr. Origen S. Tlale one of the pro-
prietors of the "Comet," a newspaper
published at Maseru, South Africa, died
recently at Bensonvale, South Africa.
C[The South African Society and The
Anti-Slavery and Aborigines Protection
Society are bodies which are working for
justice to the natives in all matters.
•{[Jack Johnson, hearing of the need of
the soldiers for recreation, sent boxing
gloves and footballs to the front, from
London.
THE GHETTO
TT be remembered that we pub-
will
lished in our Education Number a
picture of Dr. Isabella Vandervall and
noted her excellent record at the New
York Medical College where she led her
class throughout her course. We regret
to say that the Hospital for Women and
Children at Syracuse, New York, would
not admit Dr. Vandervall as interne
when they discovered that she was color-
ed, but peremptorily repudiated their
contract and did not wish her even to
spend the night at the institution after
her day's travel to a city where she was
unacquainted.
ftThe colored people of Atlanta have
begun opposition to the law, already
passed by the Senate of Georgia, which
would bar white teachers from colored
schools.
ft Two petitions which ask for the segre-
gation of the Negroes of St. Louis,
Missouri, have been presented to the
Commissioners of Elections of the city.
The issue will be decided at the coming
election.
ft Bishop G. W.
Clinton and Rev. G. C.
Clements, traveling over the Southern
Railroad to Cincinnati, were forced by
the white passengers to leave their
berths and sit up the rest of the time in
the "Jim Crow" car.
:
CRISIS
ft Colored and white youths came to
blows in St. Mary's Park, Cairo, Illinois.
ftRoscoe Conkling Giles, a graduate of
Cornell University Medical School, has
met with constant refusals in his at-
tempts to get work in the hospitals in
New York City.
ft Mr. E. B. Wallace, a student of Vir-
ginia Union University, was arrested
and fined eleven dollars because he was
sitting in a park in the white residential
section of the city.The park keeper told
him "niggers" were not allowed in the
park. Wallace was accused of being dis-
orderly, but the accusation was found to
be without foundation.
ft Betty Hicks, who was left $80,000 by
her white employer, who was also the
father of her children, has been declared
insane by a jury in Tennessee.
CRIME
A REPORT from Tuskegee gives the
-**- number of lynchings for six
months of 1915 as thirty-four. This is
an increase of thirteen for the same
period of 1914.
ftThe following lynchings have taken
place since our last record
Peter Jackson, near Cochran, Ga., ac-
cused of killing three white men. He
had barricaded himself in his house and
the mob dynamited the dwelling to get
him.
Warren Fox, near Kanema, Arkansas.
Said to have killed a man.
Thomas Collins, near Bunkie, La., for
wounding a policeman.
Two Negroes near Plawkinsville, Ga.
They had helped another man who was
wanted by the mob.
A man near De Kalb, Mississippi, for
making threats.
An innocent man near Round Oak,
Georgia.
A
man at Temple, Texas, who is said
to have confessed to killing three child-
ren, was burned in the public square. A
crowd of young and old screamed
around him.
Report says Negro was lynched on
board the Utah.
 rowinraajMirmwr, wttKM&m- imiwm&mfim&Bmwg&E.
A^PREACHER OF THE WORD Dr. Reeve has always been a strong
T
r
A
HE Rev. John
y
B. Reeve was born in pastor preparing his learned sermons
the State of New York in 1831. with great care and thought, and per-
He early joined the church of the cele- sonally a man of austere integrity and
brated f. W. C. Pennington and event- lofty ideals. He has lately resigned his
ually became the first colored student at pastorate for a much needed rest in his
Union Theological Seminary. The Rev. old age.
Henry Highland Garnett was his pastor SBi
in these years and he was graduated
with honors in 1861. He at once be-
A COURT CRIER
came pastor of Lombard Street Central T^OR forty-four years Mr. George W.
Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia and * Hays of Cincinnati has served as
remained in this pastorate for a half crier in theUnited States District Court
century. Twice his work here was in- in the southern district of Ohio. Mr.
terrupted once to preach to the Union
;
Hays started life as a slave in Louisiana.
soldiers in Tennessee and once to or- At seven years of age he was taken to
ganize the Theological School of How- Kentucky and at fourteen became an un-
ard University. willing part of the Confederate army.

THE:REV. JOHN B..REEVE MR. GEORGE W. HAYS

222 THE CRISIS

THE LATE ROBERT H. MORRIS MR. F. D. McCRACKEN

Running away he joined the Union A PRIVATE SECRETARY
forces and after the war settled in Cin-
cinnati where he has lived for forty- lyj R. FRED. B. McCRACKEN
of St.
seven years. In 1871 he was appointed Paul, Minnesota, has just closed
court crier by Judge Swing and has been a residence of thirteen years in Wash-
reappointed by every succeeding judge. ington.
Outside of his regular work Mr. Hays Mr. McCracken was born in Iowa and
has served for more than twenty-five received his education in the public
years as superintendent
of a Baptist
In 1900 he went
schools of that State.
Sunday School for sixteen years as
;
Paul and found employment in
to St.
trustee for the State School for the
the law office of Frederick C. Stevens,
Blind and for two terms as a member of
as a stenographer and typewriter. In
the Ohio Legislature. He has stood high
1902 Mr. Stevens who was a member of
in many of the secret orders.
Congress secured for Mr. McCracken
m employment in the House of Represen-
A CONTRACTOR tatives and in 1909 made him his private
T> OBERT H. MORRIS was born in
secretary, which position Mr. Mc-
A^- Danville, Pennsylvania, on the es-
Cracken held until the expiration of Mr.
tate where he recently died, seventy-
Stevens' service in the House with the
nine years ago. His ancestors, Negro
Sixty-third Congress. Mr. McCracken
and Indian, lived in the vicinity for sev-
is believed to be the only colored man
eral generations. He was a veteran of who has held such relation to a member
the Civil War and was for years one of
of Congress.
the leading contractors of the vicinity,
where he owned considerable real estate. Since the organization of the National
He leaves one son, Robert J. Morris, of Association for the Advancement of
Boston and a daughter, Mrs. A. J. Colored People Mr. McCracken has been
Price. its loyal supporter.
 : :
OpiAi?*^
RACE
inheritance The New Republic asks:
or environ- "Why is the death rate
MENT among Negroes, in North-
cities and Southern cities
alike,almost twice as great as among
whites? At the last census the average
death rate in the 57 registration cities
was 15.9 per thousand among whites,
while among Negroes it was 27.8. In
the North the ratio was roughly 15 to
25, in theSouth 16 to 29. Taking those
degeneracies that have a nervous origin
or that come from high living, the ratio
among whites was greater, but in tuber-
culosis and pneumonia, the plague of
both races, the havoc among Negroes
preponderates enormously. What are
the reasons for this hideous disparity ?
The reason, as everyone may guess, is
the poverty of the Negro. The death
rate stands in almost fixed relation to
housing conditions, and it is clearly
proved that as home ownership increases
the death rate diminishes. In the degree
that Negroes remain economically in-
ferior, their portion will not merely be
social hardship but a vastly greater share
of physical suffering and mortal disease.
It is these hard facts that make race
prejudice so base. The only prejudice
that figures like these should induce is
prejudice against a poverty which is
literally more pestilential than war."
Taking up the matter of the racial in-
terpretation of Mexican troubles Harp-
er's Weekly says
"Americans who hold that Porfirio
Diaz was a great President of Mexico,
and have never ceased to regret the re-
fusal of the Wilson Administration to
recognize Huerta as President, argue
that the Mexican Indians, forming a
large percentage of the population, are
totally unfit for self-government. Diaz
was an 'Indian' and so is Huerta. The
Aztecs and Toltecs had wrought out for
themselves a high degree of civilization
before the .Spanish Conquistadores land-
ed on Mexican soil. But little inferior
to these two races is the Mayan type of
Indian. The Yaquis, now making trouble
again, alone of the Mexican tribes are
comparable to the Indians best known to
the people of the United States. The
Yaquis are the Mexican Apaches. They
nroved themselves unconquerable until
Diaz adopted the expedient of wholesale
transportation to Yucatan and their ex-
ploitation in a state of slavery by the
owners of the hennequen plantations.
Obregon made use of the remnant left
iii Sonora in his first conflicts with the
armies of Huerta, and they are still fight-
ing for the right of possession of their
own lands. The Mexican middle clas c ,
which has formed the backbone of the
Mexican Revolution, is reallv a Meztizo
class, the mixture of Spanish with Aztec,
Toltec or Mayan strains. The requisite
to modern government in Mexico has
much less to do with race origin than it
has to do with industrial development
and popular education."
The Independent adds this note
"A Rhodes scholar from Australia
writes home that he wants to quit college
and enlist because there is nobody left
now at 'except niggers, Yanks
Oxford
and rotters.' was the idea of Cecil
It
Rhodes that by educating together young
men from Australia, Canada, South Af-
rica, Germany, the United States and the
United Kingdom, they would learn to
respect and like one another. Evidently
the plan does not work quite as he ex-
pected."
On the other hand the Post Standard
of Syracuse, New York, report? a pas-
sage from a speech by Dr. Booker T.
Washington, as follows:
" 'The Negro race,' said Dr. Washing-
ton, 'is in its development, something like
a boy of ten or twelve years. For that
reason, you should not deal too harshly
"
with its faults.'
 ! :
224 THE
The Afro-American Monthly, of
Tampa, Fla., demurs by emphasizing the
wretched surroundings
"Who cares if the little girls and boys
who are compelled to live within the
confines of the 'red light' district grow
up moral degenerates? Who cares if
their young minds which are so suscep-
tible to first impressions are forever
warped and distorted by having come in
daily contact with such demoralizing in-
fluences? Who cares if the Negro child-
ren are permitted to act as servants for
white inmates of disorderly houses sim-
ply because they hold out to them allur-
ing compensation for their services ? We
wish to state emphatically that any one
who condones the existence of houses of
ill-fame in the vicinity of churches is
either a moral coward or a degenerate.
Some of our good friends resort to sub-
terfuge by inferring that the colored peo-
ple flocked to these places after they had
been occupied for the most part by dis-
reputable people. Such is not the case.
We well remember when there were only
two or three of those houses in this
vicinity of which we speak. But count
them now and you will find that they
have increased to nearly twenty."
Roger W. Babson in the Statistician
emphasizes again in a letter from Brazil
the way in which that "country has for-
gotten the racial bogey:
"It certainly is a great eye-opener to
white people who come here from our
southern states to see how this mixture
of races is encouraged. There is no color
line in Brazil. All men and women are
judged by their earning capacity, irre-
spective of color. Moreover, instead of
branding one 'colored' because he is one-
eighth black —
as is customary in the
southern states of North America the — science has been sufficientlv awakened
reverse system is used. One who has an
eighth or one-sixteenth part white blood
is branded as 'white.' " "Branded" is
excellent
Owen Wister in the Atlantic Monthly
has this keen thrust for certain distin-
guished fathers of mulatto children. He
says that the Revolutionary statesmen
"essayed to reconcile equality and slavery
by explaining that Negroes were not ex-
:
CRISIS
actly men but as this was awkward for
;
Thomas Jefferson and the numerous
other white fathers of black slaves, the
position was abandoned, and America
went forward with her phrase of equal-
ity and all her other phrases.
"But you cannot continue to swallow
a contradiction like slavery and equality
for very long, without important results
to your mental integrity."
THE CRUCIFIED CHRIST
race Despite everything it will con-
and tinually come back to the matter
right of America's rather blatant re-
ligious professions.
The Colored Christian Recorder says
"The most delicate question among us
—
to-day is the race question delicate be-
cause the dominant people seem to have
made up their minds not to admit black
people into the Christian Brotherhood.
"Nothing that has happened in recent
years in this city shows how delicate the
question is than the avoidance of it by
'Billy' Sunday, regarded by some as the
most courageous man in the pulpit to-
day. 'Billy' touched almost every other
known wrong but he dared not refer
;
to the Negro's treatment. He spoke of
whiskey and saloons, of sweat shops and
underpaid workers, of brothels and
gambling hells, of bad housing and high
rents. He spoke of the relation of em-
ployer and employee, of politician to
city, of business to the public, but never
of the nation to the black man. Of this
he must have been afraid for he cer-
;
tainlv could not have been ignorant.
"The psychology of it is clear. 'Billy'
knew that on any of the other subjects
he had at the worst a half-approving
audience. He knew that the public con-
to give approval, even though it does not
give practical demonstration to his argu-
ments about other wrones. But for jus-
tice for the black man there is no such
public conscience. The nation will not
apply its Bible to the Negro. The idea
of Brotherhood, Neighbor, Square Deal,
or whatever you might call it, which is
fundamental in the teaching of Jesus,
the nation seems determined to deny the
Negro, and to label its Christianity 'For

OPINIONS
Whites Only.' 'Billy' Sunday knows this,
and as great as he is, he did not dare
tackle it. In this respect he was a dis-
appointment to us.
"We cannot escape it, the test
American Christianity is the treatment
of the black man. Race prejudice is the
one thing which shows the weakness of
Christianity far more than anything else.
We can sympathize with Europe, now
confusing a selfish, bloody patriotism
with Christianity, when we know that
America is no better, if as good. And
'Billy' Sunday was not willing, or able, to
overcome the pressure of the American
race prejudice."
The Atlanta Constitution in its strong
fight against the proposal to drive white
teachers out of the colored schools of
Georgia, says:
"The general assembly should weigh
well the principle involved in the pro-
posed law as well as its literal interpre-
tation. There is more than the educa-
tional or racial disadvantages of the
—
Negro concerned the state's attitude to-
ward civilization and humanity is
volved.
"If Georgia enacts such a law she
places herself in the attitude, of repudi-
ating every form of mission work in
home or foreign fields.
"She virtually refuses the dependent
race in the state the message of civiliza-
tion for which the white man stands.
"The principle of such action would
reflect upon every one of the thousands
of godly men and women of the superior
races who have so nobly sacrificed their
very lives since Christianity was charged
with the duty of 'preaching the gospel to
all men.'
"Let us hope that we have already
heard the last of this unjust and un-
generous measure."
m ters
NEGRO SUFFRAGE
the grim James Calloway, a staff writer
specter in the Macon Telegraph, is
seeing things these days.
says:
"It is the duty of those living in the
white counties to protect the whites in
the black belt. We know not what the
exigencies of politics may evolve.
:
225
periments now are dangerous. Our dis-
franchisement laws are loose almost ;
any one of age can now qualify under
them. The Negro women have no back
of taxes to pay, and those who have back
poll taxes unpaid will qualify when their
votes are needed.
"There were no Negro 'loyal leagues'
in the white counties of North Georgia
or in the 'pine barrens' so-called, yet
they gave trouble a-plenty in the black
belt.
"In the debate in the Senate on this
suffrage matter, Senator McCumber. in
his speech declaring for enforcement of
election laws, said to John Sharpe Wil-
liams :'You Southern people should
have learned by. now how to influence
the Negro vote. You have no carpet-
baggers there now to interfere.'
" 'But they will come,' replied Sena-
tor Williams, 'and if suffrage is granted
to Negro women and the Fifteenth Am-
endment still a law, and the government
should restore the law, then every white
man in the black belt of Mississippi
woud just have to pull up and leave the
in-
state.'
"John Sharpe Williams and Senator
Bacon opposed the Bristow amendment.
They dreaded Federal control of our
elections, Federal supervisors, etc. These
powers may be utilized in future.
"We were warned in the debate in
Congress on the suffrage bill. Even be-
fore that we had warning when the
Sutherland and Bristow amendments
were debated. Said Senator Bacon to
Senator Root
" 'Does the Senator mean that if laws
upon the statute books of the States
with reference to the regulations and
limitations of suffrage in the Southern
States were conceived by Congress to be
unconstitutional, Congress would have
the power to annul those provisions and
make Federal laws to control these mat-
?'
"Mr. Root: 'Without the slightest
doubt. I meant to put you on notice,
and I mean to put the whole country on
He notice .that the government shall
. .
no longer surrender the power neces-
sary to enforce the Fourteenth and Fif-
"
teenth Amendments.'
Cecil Chesterton, in Everyman (Eng-
Ex- land), writes from the point of view of

226
a rather pig-headed Englishman. Speak-
ing of Reconstruction, he says : of Philadelphia has this report:
"Thus ended the second attempt to
solve the Negro problem in America.
The first solution was slavery. It failed.
The second solution was 'citizenship.'
It failed even more disastrously.
of the third solution which the South
has been attempting since 1876, and
which is still on trial?
''Nearly every Southerner will tell
you that it has succeeded. A
number of
enactments ingeniously framed to evade
the provisions of the Constitution have
disfranchised a sufficient proportion of
Negroes to make a white majority
everywhere secure. The whites all vote
together lest the Negroes should hold
the balance of power, a fact which ac-
counts for the 'solid South,' on which
Democratic politicians rely so confident-
ly. The Negro is virtually disfran-
chised. He is pretty effectively reduced
to a subordinate status. And the North
has, to appearance, wholly aban-
all
doned its championship of his cause.
"All the same, I doubt whether a
stable equilibrium has yet been reached.
The lynchings alone would_ make me
skeptical on the subject. When I find
obviously kindly and civilized people
such as I myself mixed with in the
South inflicting or tolerating outrage
and torture, I do not, I hope, get Pha-
risaical, but all my knowledge of history-
leads me to diagnose something, and
that something is panic."
The Tulsa, Okla., World is convinced
that the Supreme Court means business.
"Negroes will vote at all elections in
Oklahoma from this time on. So de-
Supreme Court of the United
clares the
States in an opinion declaring the cele-
brated 'grandfather clause' unconstitu-
tional. For seven years in Oklahoma
the Negro has been permitted to pay
taxes, to engage in any sort of business
and pay his license, but he could not
vote. When it came to a voice in the
selection of the men who were to levy
the taxes and make laws which govern
him he was as mute as a tombstone. But
now the shackles have been stricken
from his feet and he will stand in the
booth and mark his ticket like any other
citizen."
: :
THE CRISIS
On the other hand the Public Ledger
"The decision of the Supreme Court
on the 'grandfather clauses,' contained in
the constitutions of nine Southern States
will not have any great political signifi-
What cance -in the South, is the opinion of
Booker T. Washington. The Negro edu-
cator and founder of Tuskegee Institute
passed through this city today en route
for Atlantic City, where he will address
the Anti- Saloon League Convention.
"Concerning the 'grandfather clause'
decision,Doctor Washington said
'The moral influence of any law or
'
court decision that guarantees freedom
must awaken confidence where these
qualities have been lacking. Politically
speaking, I do not think that the ruling
on the " 'grandfather clause' " will make
any great difference in the South.' "
The Greensboro N. C. Nezvs is frank.
"Irrespective of Supreme Court de-
cisions and grandfather clauses, the
Negro is all the time becoming a larger
possible factor in politics in North Caro-
lina and other Southern States. There
evidence of any wish among the
is little
leaders of the Negroes that their race
re-enter politics. There is no situation
apparent which might serve as a motive
for a white minority to induce the
Negroes to become active. To super-
ficialappearance at least, white, mixed
blood and African are content for the
white to have all the privileges and
duties of government. All is going to be
serene as long as this continues. Let an
issue arise where a white minority would
desire to beat a white majority, and
sooner or later there will be enough
Negro votes, under the present constitu-
tional test, the educational qualification,
to do it."
LYNCHING
comments The following letter has been
on the sent out from Tuskegee
increase "According to the records
by Prof. Monroe N.
kept
Work, head of the Department of Rec-
ords and Research, of the Tuskegee In-
stitute, that there have been during the
first six months of the year 34 lynchings

in the United States. This is 13 more
than the number, 21, for the same pe-
riod last year. Of those lynched 24
were Negroes and 10 were whites. This
is four more Negroes and nine more
whites than were put to death by mobs
in the first six months of 1914, when the
record was 20 Negroes and one white.
Eight,, or one-fourth of total lynchings
occurred in the State of Georgia. Only
seven, six Negroes and one white of
those put to death, or 21 per cent o'f the
total, were charged with rape. Among
the causes of lynchings were stealing:
cotton, stealing hogs, stealing meat,
charged with stealing a cow."
The Crisis record for the first six
months makes a total of thirty-five in-
stead of twenty-four as reported above.
One atrocious lynching in Georgia has
called out a strong protest from Horace
Traubel in the Altoona, Pa., Times.
"They hung two Negroes
the other day 'by mistake.' That's what
the telegraph story said. By mistake.
And after finding out their mistake they
—
started off mobs started off— to find
That is, to murder
the real culprits.
some more Negroes by some more mis-
takes. Where are the atrocity people
now?
"A Danish musician said to me when
the war broke out 'No nation ever treat-
:
ed another nation as Germany treated
Belgium.' I asked 'What have you to
:
say about the English in Egypt and
India? What have you to say of the
Russians and the English in Persia?' He
replied without hesitation 'There's a big
:
difference the Belgians are a civilized
;
people. The Egyptians, the Persians and
the Indians are not.' Which means, of
course, that you can do as you please
with a man if he is your inferior.
"That seems to be the notion of the
Xegro entertained in America. If the
Germans in Belgium or the Russians in
Poland were guilty of any acts which re-
sembled the lynchings of Negroes in the
South, we'd hear no end of horror ex-
presse by Americans over the ruthless
1
warfare. But when we do it it's justi-
fied. The Negroes are only Negroes.
"No man has a right to have a black
OPINIONS Z27
skin. he has a black skin he must be
If
made to suffer for
it. He may have a
white heart. But no matter. It's the
skin that counts.
"I find none of our papers, our organs
of what we call public opinion, taking
up these Georgia cases and exploiting
them as a disgrace to the United States.
But if a single such tragedy was cabled
from the other side it would be a front
page story in every newspaper.
"The Negroes, too, made a mistake.
They should have been born Belgians or
Poles. They should have been born
white.
"Look at the tough deal handed out to
the Sikhs by the British empire. The
poor devils came over to Canada in ship-
loads to test the question of British citi-
zenship. They were never allowed to
land. And when they got back to India
they were bullied by the authorities, and
in Georgia
finally, many of them, hundreds of them
it seems, shot down in the streets as dis-
turbers of the harmonies of British rule.
"Jesus said that the man who was
without sin should throw the first stone
at the woman who sinned. And he gave
them time. But nobody was fool enough
or impertinent enough- to throw any
stones. I say to all the people on the
map that if there's any one of them with-
out sin I want it to get busy and stone
the rest. And I'll give them all the time
they need. And I'll bet not one of them
in its rightmind will throw any stones.
That is, not if they know themselves.
But the trouble is that no nation knows
itself. And yet every nation proceeds
about its business not only as if it alone
knew something about itself, but as if it
knew all about itself.
was acquainted with a young south-
"I
erner, now dead. He was from Ten-
nessee. His father was a judge in a
southern court. The family occupied an
ancestral plantation. Some of the Ne-
groes of slavery days and most of the
children of those Negroes still worked
the old lands. One night there was a
rape story circulated in the neighbor-
hood. A mob cut loose from a town
nearby, stole its way to the judge's farm,
seized a beautiful Negro boy and hung
 : :
228 THE
and mutilated him after the most brutal
and barbarous fashion. The son got
busy. He didn't believe the boy was
guilty. He dug up the case at its roots.
And in the end he satisfied even members
of the respectable mob that they had
been guilty of an unquestionable outrage.
Did they express any regret? Not one
of them. One man said 'He was only a
: crossed its path. The Telegraph has no
nigger.' Another man said 'What's the : words in its vocabulary severe enough
use of giving the South a black eye by
making a fuss over it now it's done ?' — sallied forth, not merely to inflict sum-
And there the affair ended.
"And so the other day Georgia repeat-
ed on itself and other Southern States.
Georgia murdered two men 'by mistake.'
But fortunately the two men were only
niggers. I remember an incident in the
North in which forty Italianswere killed
in a railroad collision and were ruled off
with this journalistic headline: 'Fortun-
ately, they were only laborers.' Fortun-
ately niggers are only niggers.
"How would you like it if after your
•sister murdered somebody said
was
'Fortunately, she was only a white
woman?' And yet the statement looks
as good to me made one way as made the
other. How would you like to be killed
'by mistake?'
"Maybe the President will take a day
off European politics and address a dig-
nified letter to the state of Georgia ask-
ing how it dares to violate the neutrality
of American Negroes. May be. But it's
not likely. For officially and unofficially
we, like other peoples can see all the far
away evils committed by others and none
of the evils we ourselves are responsible
for. And I say this to you who are
murderers. You who are murderers in
peace or war. I say that when you kill
people by mistake or otherwise you kill
liberty, you kill fraternity,you kill the
ideal. And this is true whether the state
kills,by mistake or otherwise, or the in-
dividual kills. And this is true whether
the person you kill is the most eminent
or the least eminent of men."
Even the Macon Telegraph is aroused
from its usual apologetics.
"The outrage of Sunday is infinitely
worse than Jasper's recent red outlawry
in that the Monticello crowd did get the
CRISIS
guilty parties and their accomplices,
while in Jones Negroes with not the
slightest possible connection with the
wanton and murderous slaying of Mr.
Turner were dispatched by the self-
styled 'posse' which formed to hunt
down the guilty ones, but contented itself
with killing almost any Negro which
to apply to the Negro-hunting mob which
mary punishment on guilty offenders, but
to reap revenge —
several lives for one
life, innocent or guilty, it made no dif-
ference in the exaction of the monstrous
toll.
"But, just a moment, before upon the
head of G<*rgia is poured further abuse
and etc., and etc."
There must, of course, come the apol-
ogy, the excuse of "race," and "Spring-
field, Ohio."
m
MISCELLANEOUS
ffThe Afro-American Ledger says con-
cerning Vigilance Committees
"Having noted the seeming enthusiasm
with which the Cleveland Gazette took
up the plan of the Southwestern Chris-
tian Advocate to establish a Vigilance
Committee, which is to be located in
Washington, D. C, especially during the
sessions of Congress, for the purpose of
looking after all matters of importance
to the race,we felt that the N. A. A. C.
P. wasthe logical organization to do a
thing of this kind. In fact we remem-
bered the activity of this association on
the intermarriage bills and legislation in
the interest of the Negfro Agricultural
Schools. We asked Miss Nerney, gen-
eral secretary of the National Associa-
tion what had been done already on this
direction, and quote a portion of her
renlv.
" 'This work was admirablv done last
vear by our Washington Branch and this
year the work is being put on a broad
and stronger basis. The Association
paid a representative to keep track of.
legislation in each branch of Congress.
These were experienced newspaper men

OPINIONS
who had direct access to all matters of
interest to us.
" 'We fear that this idea of organizing
another Vigilance Committee is simply
the old story of division and disagree-
ment which has been the history of the
colored people for the last sixty years.
No other organization or committee can
possibly have the influence back of it that
ours has through such representatives as
Mr. Villard with his powerful paper;
Mr. Storey, one of the greatest lawyers
in thiscountry ; Mr. Jacob H. Schiff and
many others that we might name. To
start another organization will not help
colored people but in the end will hurt
them as it will be regarded everywhere
by thinking people as another evidence
of disorganization.'
"With our contemporaries we recog-
nize that 'eternal vigilance is the price of
safety,' but we have the machinery al-
ready organized. What we need is to
set it to work. Vigilance Committees
are needed not only in Washington but
in state capitals, and the local branches
of the N. A. A. C. P. should perform
that function with eager willingness."
C'Portrait heads of four Egyptian prin-
ces who were when the Sphinx
living
was carved are coming to Boston soon,
according to word received at the
Museum of Fine Arts from Dr. George
A. Reisner, in charge of its explorations
in Egypt. Eight lifesize heads of mem-
bers of the court of Chephren have been
found since last summer in the royal
cemetery at Giza, and four of them have
been assigned to the Boston museum,
while four will remain in the museum at
Cairo. The present
season's finds supple-
ment Dr. Reisner's discovery of the
mystery of the Sphinx.
" 'The importance of these portraits
from the artistic, the historical and the
merely human point of view,' writes Dr.
Reisner, 'makes the groups a find almost
equal to the group of statutes found in
the Mycerinus temples. The men and
women whose faces they show us had
spoken with Cheops and Chephren, and
had seen the first and second pyramids
in building. Without doubt they had
made their offering in the funerary Tem-
—
229
ple of Cheops and had witnessed the
carving of the Great Sphinx.'
"This find by the Boston investigator,
one of the greatest of recent years in
Egypt, was made at the Giza site, which
was supposed long ago to have been ex-
hausted, jj
"That the Egyptian rulers of the
Fourth Dynasty (2900-2750 B. C.) had
Negro blood has before now been sus-
pected, and Dr. Reisner believes that
some of these heads prove the facts.
'The wife of the prince is, curiously
enough, of a distinctly negroid type. The
head is, I believe, the earliest known por-
trait of a Negro.' Two of the men also
have somewhat un-Egyptian skulls."
Boston Transcript.
CMr. George M. McClellan writes con-
cerning the note in our last number
which spoke of the "last surviving mem-
ber of the famous Fisk Jubilee Singers.
"Since when did Maggie Porter (Mrs.
Cole), Detroit; Mabel Lewis (Mrs.
Imes), Cleveland; Eliza Walker, Chi-
cago, and Hinton Alexander, Chatta-
nooga, die? These with the others sang
before kings and queens in all Europe,
all in the original band, Maggie Porter
and Eliza Walker leaving Nashville the
first day of the company; Mabel Lewis
and Hinton Alexander a little later.
These few remaining of that once glori-
ous band are too significant to be buried
alive."
{[Musical America states that: "The
—
widow of Samuel Coleridge-Taylor is
trying to ascertain the present where-
abouts of the manuscript of a set of va-
riations for the 'cello written by her hus-
band a few years ago. The composition
was played eight or nine years since at
a concert given by the Croydon String
Players' Club, and later the composer
lent it one of his 'cellist friends,
to
whose name he did not record. No trace
of it has been found since."
CFive pieces of cloth with printed de-
sign the work of the natives of Zanzibar,
are on exhibition at the New York Cus-
tom House. Potterv forms have been
used very interestingly as the decorative
motif in each piece.
 A PAGEANT The giv-at pageants of England and
N 1913 and since there those at Philadelphia, Boston and St.
have been several cele- Louis in America are well known. Only
brations of the Fiftieth one pageant has been attempted by
Anniversary of the American Negroes. This
formed the
Emancipation Proclama- chief feature of the Emancipation Cele-
tion. The Emancipation bration of the State of New York and
Proclamation, however, only proclaimed
repeatedly drew
crowds beyond the
freedom in parts of the United Svates
capacity of the large armory.
and it did not make the institution of
Many requests have been made for a
slavery illegal. The Thirteenth Amend- repetition of this pageant but this seemed
ment was the legal end of American
impracticable. However, a partnership
slavery. This Amendment passed Con- known
has finally been formed to be as
gress January 31, and became a
1865,
the Horizon Guild, under the presidency
part of the Constitution December 18,
of Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois. The Horizon
1865.
Guild, which will eventually be incorpo-
It is fitting that the jubilee of this
rated, proposes to present pageants of
great landmark in human culture be cele-
Negro history in the principal centers of
brated, and celebrated in Washington by
the descendants of the chief beneficiaries
Negro population during the next dec-
of ade. It is hoped in this way to form a
its provisions.
The celebration, too, should be unique sound basis for the dignified celebration
and make a wide appeal. The ordinary of the adoption ot the Fourteenth
Amendment in 1916, the Ter-Centen-
"exposition" idea with assembled ex-
hibits has not only been overworked but nary of the Landing of the Negro in
done so extraordinarily well at Paris, 1919 and the Jubilee of the Fifteenth
Chicago and St. Louis that no small Amendment in 1920.

effort however commendable can be The Guild is not a money making ven-
aught but disappointing. ture but a philanthropy on business prin-
form whose small initial capital has
The Pageant, that new and rising ciples

of art expression, seems especially fitted been contributed by persons interested

for such a celebration as this. A pageant in the development of Negro dramatic
is not a tableau or playlet or float. It is art in America. Furthermore, the Guild

a great historical iolk festival, staged is entirely an independent venture with

and conducted by experts with all the a single object and unconnected with
devices of modern theatrical presentation any other organization.
and with the added touch of reality given During the week of October tenth the
by numbers, space and fidelity to histori- Horizon Guild will present in Washing-
cal truth. ton, D. C, a pageant "The Jewel ot
 !

EDITORIAL 231

Ethiopia" portraying the history of the money out of his salary to buy postage,
Negro race for 5,000 years. The pag- stationeryand money-orders.
eant will be given under the auspices of He also gave three
Negro books to
a local committee of one hundred citi- Negro institutions and nineteen Negro
zens and will use one thousand partici- books to individuals to encourage stu-
pants chosen from among the colored dents to better their marks at graduation.
inhabitants of the district. The pageant In all, this amounted to something over
will be given in the open air. The one hundred dollars. How happy this
musical setting will consist of fifty-three would have made his family But he !

pieces of Negro music by Negro com- opened his heart and gave it to charity.
posers the costumes will be historically
With all due respect to Carnegie, Rocke-
;

feller and Ford, Mr. Weaver is a Real

accurate and the scenery and properties
Philanthropist. vb
will be simple but imposing. Altogether
this will be the greatest dramatic event THE GRANDFATHER CLAUSE.
ever attempted by colored Americans HE white southern oli-

and it will fitly celebrate the great garchy is laughing

Amendment which declared that "nei-
silently behind its hand.

ther slavery nor involuntary servitude

Two decades' years ago

. . . shall exist within the United

faced a dilemma.
it A
wretched Negro public
States or any place subject to their juris-
school system (which has since grown
diction."
worse in most southern states) made it
Persons interested in the work of the easy to disfranchise the mass of the
Horizon Guild may communicate with Negro voters by a literacy test. But how
the Editor of The Crisis. about the 100,000 southern white voters
who could not read and write? To ca-
jole these the oligarchy, with a smile,
A PHILANTHROPIST concocted the celebrated "Grandfather
R. A. L. WEAVER is a clause," impudently establishing heredit-
young man employed in ary privilege in this republic. They
i ft i the Chicago post office not expect the scheme to work. It was
did

working for a salary of a "gold brick" pure and simple for in-
one hundred dollars a ducing the ignorant white laborer to
month. He is support- destroy the black labor vote and leave
ing a wife and three children. During himself so much the more at the mercy
the year of 1914 he secured one hundred of the capitalist. To the amazement of
and four memberships for the National the white South itself this illegal, un-
Association Advancement of
for the democratic and outrageous provision has
Coloied People and two hundred and actually been allowed to stand on the
sixty-four subscriptions for The Crisis. statute books and be enforced for
His commission from The Crisis was SEVENTEEN YEARS
about eighty dollars. But instead of de- Finally, when further evasion of the
positing this money in the bank or using issues involved was humanly almost im-
itto better the living conditions of his possible, the Supreme Court solemnly
family he not only gave the money in the declares a law unconstitutional which
form of subscriptions to various clubs, has already been in force a half a gen-
institutions and individuals, but used eration.
232 THE CRISIS

Considering, however, the inexcusable robbed her shamefully. She is strug-

blows delivered on the body of the pros- gling to rid herself of these grafters.
trate blackman by the Supreme Court Let us help and not hinder. Let us help
from the Dred Scott case, of infamous Hayti rid herself of thieves and not try
memory, to the emasculating of the
to fasten American thieves on her.
Fourteenth Amendment, the civil rights
The time calls for a Haytian Commis-
cases and the "Jim-Crow" decisions of
sion of white and colored men appointed
our day, we have cause to rejoice at the
by the President to co-operate with Hay-
overthrow of the "Grandfather Clause."
ti in establishing permanent peace and
But there is much more than this in
in assuring our stricken sister that the
the late decision and the Bourbon South
would do well United States respects and will always
to laugh neither loud nor
too long. The Supreme Court has respect her political integrity.
con-
firmed
Amendment.
the validity of the
has declared that Ne-
Fifteenth
m
It BEGGING
groes have a right to vote on the same T appears that there are
terms as other citizens. This is a blow many people who seem
at all race discrimination in politics.
to think that the friends
This will not give us our rights immedi- connected with this As-
ately but it puts us in the shadow of the sociation are in position
mightiest advance since 1863. money
to loan in consid-
erable sums to private individuals. Con-
HAYTI sequently these friends are literally beset
ET us save Hayti. Hayti with pleas and requests which are im-
is a noble nation. It is possible to grant even to deserving ones.

a nation that has given A considerable number of the cases,

the world one of its moreover, are not deserving. One young
greatest names —Touis- writer in this city has begged of our
saint L'Ouverture. It is friends so frequently and needlessly that
a nation that made slaves free, it is a the editor has had to speak plainly of his

nation that dared and dares to fight for character. In return for this the young
freedom. This is no time or place for man is circulating through the colored

us American Negroes who seldom have press a charge that the editor "has done

had courage to fight, to point scornful

much to discourage young men of the

fingers at our brothers. race who are aspiring to be writers by

Remember writing them insulting letters reflecting

that in one respect Hayti
leads the world. Out of a hell of slavery upon their early educational training."

it has succeeded in placing on their own This is not only untrue but has many
ear marks of being malicious. Tu.:
little farms the happiest peasants in the
Crisis has always welcomed young
world. Not France, Germany, England
writers. It has conceived its greatest
nor Russia has done the like. Indus-
trially Hayti has lagged because she mission to be the discovery of literary

lacks capital and capital is the present talent in the Negro race. During the last

day monopoly of white nations. Finally five years it has published more manu-
stung by poverty and lured by European scriptsfrom unknown colored writers
luxury a portion of Hayti's leaders have than any periodical in the world. The
 :

EDITORIAL 233

first or early work of the following OTHER ORGANIZATIONS

young colored authors have appeared in E have received in a num-
our columns: Maynard H. Jackson, ber of cases recently
Jessie Fauset, Angelina W. Grimke, complaint that in men-
Annie McCary, Otto Bohanan, Lottie B. tioning the work and
Dickson, Clarence Bixby, Jasper Ross, protests of the National

Minnibelle Cora J. B. Moten,

Jones, Association for the Ad-
Fenton Johnson, Robert J. Laurence, vancement of Colored People we have
Virgil Cooke, Harry H. Pace, Arthur not always mentioned other organiza-

Tunnell, French Wilson, T. R. Patten, tions engaged in similar work. Let us

R. W. Justice and Will N. Johnson. The make our policy clear: When any
action of any kind has in our judgment
Crisis published the first drawings of
a real news value we mention it and
Richard L. Brown and Laura Wheeler,
mention therewith such names and
and has given wide publicity to young
artists like Lorenzo Harris, Louise Lati-
places as will make it intelligible. We
do not attempt, however, to chronicle the
mer and John Henry Adams. Not only
actions of organizations or persons
this but The Crisis has spent a great
which have no general news value ex-
deal of time in encouraging writers
cept in one case and that is the case of
whose work it cannot publish. Our rule
the National Association for the Ad-
is never to criticize a manuscript unless
vancement of Colored People. As the
asked to do so and often not then. With
special organ of this organization we
every rejected manuscript we send a
chronicle for the benefit of its 7,500
studiously polite refusal which in nearly
members and tens of thousands of its
every case is as follows
friends and sympathizers its actions in
"We regret that this contribution
detail. This obviously we do in the case
kindly offered us is unsuited to the pre-
of no other organization with such par-
sent needs of The Crisis. We are,
ticularity.
therefore, returning it with sincere
On the other hand we never con-
thanks for your kindness in permitting
sciously suppress news of persons or
us to see it.
organizations or fail to attempt to give
"We assure you that we are always due credit to all. n „
ready to examine contributions."
Sometimes we are asked for further MISTAKES
criticism and when we can spare the HE Crisis is anxious to
time we give this trankly, but always maintain a good typo-
with the idea of encouraging the slightest graphical appearance. It
sign of talent. was especially annoying,
To return to our muttons : The sup- therefore, to have our
porters of the National Association for July number marred by
the Advancement of Colored People are several inexcusable errors. In truth, the
not millionaires. Ttiey are giving time root of the trouble for these errors and
and thought to this work; they realize for certain other delinquencies lies in the
keenly our poverty and lack of oppor- fact that our editorial department is

tunity; they give generously but they undermanned. One of these days when
cannot beggar their families even for de- our subscribers increase to the coveted
serving cases, much less for undeserving 50,000 we hope to make such mistakes
ones. impossible.
 TrtE tlGHTH REGIMENT ARMORY

COLORED CHICAGO
TT is said that the first cabin in the Like all the larger American cities
A present confines of Chicago was Chicago's Negro population has _an im-
built by a San Domingan Negro in 1779. migrant character and consequently is at
To-day there are 50,000 persons of Ne- any given period rather sharply divided
gro descent in this city of two and one- in an older class of well established cit-
half millions. izens and a large mass of more or less
Chicago has usually treated its col- unassimilated new comers. In the case
ored citizens more liberally than most of white immigrants the first of these
large American cities. The Ordinance two classes merge with the larger com-
of 1787 drove slavery from this territory munity and cease to figure as "hyphen-
and fugitive slaves found refuge here in ated" Americans. Color prejudice in
many cases. It was not until 1873, how- the case of persons of Negro descent
ever, that colored children were admit- class all these citizens in one group,
ted to the public schools. visit criticism and discrimination upon

"i

hi . ,
,
,
•

MAJOR O. B. DUNCAN „MAJOR R. R. JACKSON MAJOR A. A. WESLEY

'References: Harris: Negro Servitude in Illinois; Negro Crime in Chicago by M. N. Work; U. S. Cen-
The Colored People of Chicago by L. D. Bowen; sus, 1900. 1910.
 COLORED CHICAGO 235

CAPTAINS OF THE REGIMENT

1. Hill 2. Pinkney 3. White 4. Fry
5. Arnett 6. Jefferson 7. Stokes 8. Anderson
9. Nelson 10. Holmes 11 Byrd 12. Smith

them all alike and makes intelligent study painters, 90 plasterers, 67 masons, 46
or judgment of them extremely difficult. electricians, etc.
Earning a living is naturally the first Among the other 8,000 men there
problem of these 50,000 folks. In 1910 were in transportation^ 220 chauffeurs,
out of 18,437 colored men over fifteen 566 draymen, 149 longshoremen, 266 de-
years of age in gainful occupations liverymen, 535 porters in stores and 131
there were 2,500 general laborers, 3,828 messenger boys.
railway porters, 3,136 servants and Tn professional service there were
waiters, 1,358 janitors. 443 bartenders 619 78 actors, 15 artists, 76 clergymen,
:

and elevator men and 1,841 artisans in-
cluding 319 barbers, 119 butchers, 92
carpenters, 67 stationery engineers, 116
stationery firemen, 95 machinists, 246
helpers in building and hand trades, 198
14 dentists, 10 editors and reporters 44
lawyers, 216 musicians, 16 photograph-
ers, 109 physicians, 30 showmen and 11
school teachers.
In business there were 93 manufac-
236 THE CRISIS

although no exact statistics are avail-

LT. COL. JAMES A. JOHNSON
turers, 24 proprietors of transfer com-
panies, wholesale dealers, 23 under-
5 rapidly forward.
takers, 218
retail dealers and 771 glerks,
salesmen, stenographers, etc.
In the civil service there were 54 po-
licemen and detectives which have since
increased to over 80. There were 20
United States, state and city officials and
87 watchmen and firemen.
Colored women in Chicago were in
gainful occupations in 1910 as follows:
3,653 as servants and waitresses, 2,229
as washerwomen, 939 as dressmakers
and milliners, 316 as hairdressers and
manicurists, 458 as boarding housekeep-
ers, stewardesses, etc. Beside these
there were 29 women retail dealers, 54
actresses, 136 musicians, 53 school
teachers, 42 trained nurses, 53 steno-
graphers and 145 clerks, book-keepers,
etc. A later compilation in 1913 shows
292 colored men employed by the City
of Chicago and 755 fry the Federal Gov-
ernment including a large number of
post office clerks and carriers. .
able. There are thirty or more colored
churches in the city, a fine hospital, the
Provident, four social settlements work-
ing chiefly among colored people and the
Young Men's Christian Association with
a building which cost $195,000 and a
membership of 2,000. There is an Old
Folks' Home, a Home for Colored
Working Girls, a League of Colored
Women's Amanda Smith In-
Clubs, the
dustrial Home and a large number of
social clubs like the Appomatox. Out
of the mass of colored folk in Chicago
have risen numbers of distinguished
people who have made their mark in
even in the life of the na-
city life and,
tion quite independent of their race or
color. As compared with other cities
colored Chicago is noted for its push
and independence, its political aggres-
siveness and its large number of middle
class working people who are doing
well. As teachers in the public schools,
and public officials, the Chicago colored
people have more than maintained their
proportionate quota. In business and in-
dustry they are still behind but pushing
Small wonder that a
progressive, alert group like this should
maintain the largest circulation, per
capita, as buyers of The Crisis.

Colored Chicago suffers from high

rent and difficulty in buying houses in
good residence districts. The increase,
however, in home owning during the
last twenty years has been phenomenal THE MILLER WAREHOUSE
 ST. MARK M. E. CHURCH

SOME CHICAGOANS OF NOTE

TT is a difficult task to single out for Guard. Colonel Denison is a graduate
mention some of the colored people of Lincoln and of the Union College of
in Chicago who have made a mark in Law. He was for many years Assistant
the world. First and foremost our Prosecuting Attorney of the City of
limited space makes it quite impossible Chicago and afterward Assistant Cor-
to mention more than a few and those poration Counsel.
whom we select are selected rather as The Eighth Regiment, of which he
examples than as an exhaustive list. was elected colonel in 1914, was first
COur cover carries the picture of mustered in as a battalion in 1895. In
Franklin A. Denison, Colonel of the 1898 it was raised to regimental
Eighth Infantry, Illinois National strength and saw service in the Spanish

QUINN CHAPEL (A. M. E.) ST. THOMAS (P. E.) OLIVET (BAPTIST)
238 THE CRISIS

DR. C. E. BENTLEY MR. OSCAR DE PRIEST_ c 1 DR. DANIEL WILLIAMS

war under Colonel Marshall who must
be regarded as its founder and chief in-
spiration. In 1908 a movement was
started to provide an armory angl per-
manent home for the regiment. After
a long and weary struggle in which Col-
onel Denison took a prominent part the
armory was finally ready for occupancy
in February, 1915. It is constructed of
fire brick with stone trimmings and has
a drill floor one hundred and sixty feet
by ninety, beside corridors, executive
offices and company rooms, thirty-eight
by twenty-eight feet.
<[The best known colored American in
Chicago outside of mere racial lines is
undoubtedly Charles E. Bentley. Dr.
Bentley is a dentist. He was born in
Ohio, educated in the public schools of
Cincinnati and received his dental train-
ing at the Chicago College of Dental
Surgery. He early became so proficient
in his work as to number many of the
most prominent citizens of Chicago
among his patients and to draw others
from outside the city.
But Dr. Bentley has been more than
a mere dentist. In 1896 at a meeting of
the Illinois Dental Society, Dr. Bentley
made the first suggestion of dental ex-
aminations in the public schools. After-
ward he submitted a comprehensive re-
port on the matter to the Odontographic
Society and from this have sprung the
dental examinations made in nearly all
the public schools of the country. The

MR. W. F. CH1LDS MR. JOSEPH MILLER REV. M. H. JACKSON

 SOME CHICAGOANS OF NOTE 239

* THE OVERTON HYGIENIC MANUFACTURING COMPANY

above society was organized by
Bentley in 1888 and he was its
president. Under his management
held in 1903 a great dental congress
with three thousand members of the
profession and a thousand dental stu-
dents in attendance. As a reward for
this Dr. Bentley was made head of the
dental clinics at the St. Louis Exposi-
tion but resigned on account of the
prejudice of southern whites,.
Of late years Dr. Bentlev has been
prominent in civic work for twenty
: public schools in 1878 he moved to Kane
years he has been the secretary of the
Provident Hospital and is one of the
Directors of the National Association
for the Advancement of Colored Peo-
ple.
CSheadrick B. Turner is one of the two
colored meir elected to the Illinois Leg-
islature from Chicago and is one of the
three representatives from the First
Dr. Senatorial District. He follows a num-
first ber of colored men from this district,
it among them Edward H. Morris, Wil-
liam Martin, John Jones, Dr. Lane and
Edward D. Green. In 1912 the split of
the Republican Party resulted in the loss
of a colored representative from this
district, so that Mr. Turner takes up
race representation where Mr. Green
left off.
Mr. Turner was born in Bayou,
Louisiana, July 12, 1869. Finishing the
County, Illinois, where he was graduat-
ed from the high school. Moving to
Springfield he took a course in the
Springfield Business College. In June,
1908, he was graduated from the Illinois
College of Law.
f[The most noted colored physician in
the United States is Daniel Hale Wil-
liams who was born in Pennsylvania in

PROVIDENT HOSPITAL AND VICINITY

240 THE CRISIS

MRS. I. W. BARNETT MRS. L. B. SHREVES MISS V. M. ANDERSON

1888. Dr. Williams is a graduate of the
Northwestern Medical School, has long
practiced in Chicago and while a mem-
ber of the Illinois State Board of Health
became one of the principal promoters
and founders of Provident Hospital in
1891. This hospital established the first
training school for colored nurses. Dr.
Williams remained as attending surgeon
in this hospital until 1912. For several
years he was surgeon-in-chief of Freed-
men's Hospital, Washington, D. C, and
is now connected with Meharry Medical
College and St. Luke's Hospital, Chi-
cago.
Dr. Williams is famous as the first
physician to perform a successful opera-
tion on the human heart. He was made
a fellow of the American College of
Surgeons in 1913 and received the de-
gree of LL.D. from Wilberforce Uni-
versity.
f[Mr. Oscar DePriest is the first col-
ored man to be elected a member of the
Chicago Common Council. He was
born in Alabama,, and is forty-three

MR. E. H. WRIGHT REV. J. W. ROBINSON DR. G. C. HALL

 SOME CHICAGOANS OF NOTE 241

-
•

1
,-,; . U- : :

~~ •
• '

'"A • .-"*

1
1 ' <•>

••"•'

^^•••^^WWBteM^ :

^ 1'
•
'
» ! —
WHERE THE EXPOSITION WILL BE HELD

years of age with a wife and two sons. Avenue Department of the Young Men's
He was originally a painter but is now Christian Association.
engaged in the real estate business and CAmong the prominent ministers of
has long been prominent in politics. Chicago may be mentioned the Rev. A.
CMr. Edward H. Wright has also held J. Carey, who has recently been appoint-
high office having been County Commis- ed Special Investigator of the Corpora-
sioner and has just been appointed As- tion Counsel by Ma\or Thompson. Dr.
sistant Corporation Counsel at a salary Carey was pastor of Quinn Chapel.
of five thousand dollars by the Mayor of ([The Rev. H. M. Jackson has been for
Chicago. twenty-five years pastor of the First
C Another prominent Chicago physician Colored Presbyterian Church of the city.
is Dr. George Cleveland Hall. He has He is especially honored for his upright
been for twenty character.
years attending CThe Rev. J. B.
surgeon of the Ma s s iah of the
Provident Hospi- Protestant Episco-
tal and has given pal Church
has
much of his time been Chicago in
lately to the hold- for more than ten
ing of surgical years and in that
clinics and the es- time has quad-
tablishment of in- rupled his congre-
firmaries through- gation.
out the large cities C Among other
of the South. clergymen are the
Dr. Hall is a Rev. John W.
prominent member Robinson, the Rev.
of many move- E. J. Fisher and a
ments for uplift number of pastors
including the Na- whose biographies
tional Association we have been un-
for the Advance- able to obtain. We
ment of Colored learn of Dr. Fish-
People, the Na- er's death as we
tional Negro go to press.
Business League, CMr. William F.
ihe Frederick Childs, Lieutenant
Douglas Center of Police, has al-
and the Wabash ONE OF DR. BENTLEY'S OFFICES ready been spoken
242 THE CRISIS

the Philadelphia Press and is to-day a

THE HON. S. B. TURNER
of in The Crisis. He has had a dis-
tinguished career and is in the Bureau
of Identification.
Among the business men Mr. Anthony
C injustice she started a crusade, and not
Overton, the head of tne Overton Hy-
gienic Manufacturing Company,
of the most interesting. His company
was established at Kansas City, Mis-
souri, in 1898 to manufacture baking
powder with a capital of $1,960 and two
employees. The company now
manufactures sixty-
talized at $286,000,
two different kinds of articles including
baking powder, extracts and toilet arti-
cles and employs thirty-two people.
C Among theother successful Negro
business men of Chicago is Joseph Mil-
ler, the owner and proprietor of Mil-
ler'sBuena Park Warehouse and Bag-
gage Express.
Mr. Miller began life forty-nine years
ago and ultimately started a small
express business with one horse and
a wagon. To-day bis fireproof ware-
house, with heated rooms and vaults,
occupies fifty feet frontage in the busi-
est district of the North Shore of Chi-
cago. Hehas three large vans and five
strong social force in the city.
CBest known to the world is the late
Amanda Smith who was born in Mary-
land and freed bv her father together
with her mother and six other children.
Amanda Smith went to England at the
invitation of Ladv Somerset and spent
twelve years preaching in Europe, Asia
and Africa. She gave every cent of the
savings thus accumulated to the found-
ing of a home for orphan children. She
lived just long enough to see this home
for which she had sacrificed everything
assured permanence by being placed
under State control. She died in Flori-
da in 1915 at the age of seventy-eight.
CMrs. Ida Wells Barnett is one of the
best known colored women in America
and a peculiarly gifted speaker. As a
young woman and editor of a paper in
Tennessee she witnessed the lynching of
three respectable and entirely innocent
colored men. Aroused by this frightful
is one before nor since has the world been so
aroused over the disgrace of American
mob murders.
Miss Wells married F. L. Barnett, a
prominent colored lawyer of Chicago,
and has reared a family.
is capi-
t[We may also mention Mrs. Lulu B.
Shreves, President of the only colored
auxiliary of the Spanish war veterans in
the State of Illinois, and Miss Violet M.
Anderson, a law reporter, who numbers
nearly all the colored lawyers and many
of the noted white lawyers among her
patrons.
1

express wagons to which an auto true ;

has recently been added.

CTurning now to the women of Chi-
cago we faee especial difficulty in selec-
tion because of their natural desire to
avoid publicity. We
may merely men-
tion Mrs. Florence Lewis Bentlev, who
was for several years literary editor of MR. BINGAS BANK
 THE BANNER BRANCH
A T meeting on August 9 the Board
its
** of Directors of the National Asso-
ciation voted to award a loving cup to
the District of Columbia Branch in re-
cognition of the results it has accom-
plished during the year. This cup is to
be given by the Branch to the person in
itsmembership whom it may select. The
work accomplished by the membership
committee of this branch has suggested
a contest, announced on page 246.
Added to its work in Congress, which
was one of the most important achieve-
ments of the Association during the past
year, the Branch arranged a series of
mass meetings, systematically reported
upon discrimination in government de-
partments and discrimination locally,
securing the reinstatement of several dis-
charged clerks, and rounded out its work
by a campaign for membership which at
its close had collected over five hundred
dollars and added over three hundred
new members and fifty-nine subscribers
to The Crisis. Organized in March,
1913, the Branch had four hundred
members at the end of that year. In
December, 1914, it had six hundred and
ninety-five members, and at the close of
its membership campaign in July, 1915,
eleven hundred.
As lack of space prevents our printing
the report of the membership com-
mittee in full, a summary of the
methods used in its campaign may
be suggestive. A committee of three.
after receiving the endorsement of
the executive committee of the Branch,
enlarged itself to twenty and in-
cluded the following: Messrs. Billings,
Dudley, Henson, Hunt. Hilyer, Elliott,
Miner. Mehlinsrer, Cuney, Pinkett,
Ouander. Thomas, Singleton, and the
Misses Moore, Jones, Ouander and Tan-
cil, with Mr. Thomas W. Turner, Chair-
man, Miss Mary Cromwell, Secretary,
and Miss Julie Smith, Treasurer, Print-
ed cards prepared by Mr. Hilyer giving
six reasons for joining the Association
were distributed and a questionnaire
drawn up by Miss Cromwell was sent
out. Six public meetings were held as
follows Florida Avenue Baptist Church,
:
arranged by Mr. Cuney; First Baptist
Church, Georgetown, arranged by Mr.
Pinkett; John Wesley Church, arranged
by Mr. Dudley Israel Baptist Church,
;
N. E., arranged by Mr. Quander;
Liberty Baptist Church, arranged by Mr.
Turner and a meeting in Anacostia,
;
planned by Miss Simpson. The success
of these was largely due to the coopera-
tion of ministers and to Prof, and Mrs.
Cook, Messrs. Hilyer, Thomas and Wil-
kinson, Mrs. E. L. Williams and Miss
Fauset. The committee directed its ef-
forts to reaching the masses of the peo-
ple since it felt that one dollar from
twenty-five members was more signifi-
cant than twenty-five dollars from one
member. Its slogan was an adaptation
by Mr. Cuney of the Association's name,
"The National Association against
Color Prejudice/''
Mr. Andrew F. Hilyer has organized
a correspondence committee which, by
letters of appreciation and protests
against injustice addressed to influential
people all over the country, will bring
the race question to their attention.
m
THE LOUISVILLE CAMPAIGN
THEMore
Committee of One Hundred and
of the Louisville Branch has
finished its campaign for raising funds
toward the expenses of their segregation
case. In a little less than three weeks
they have raised over five hundred dol-

244 THE
lars. In its whirlwind campaign the
committee held mass meetings in all sec-
tions of the city, before lodges, in
churches, parlors, and also conducted a
house to house canvass. The twenty-five
captains carrying on the work were
under the immediate direction of Mr. S.
U. Johnson, Chairman, and included the
following Doctors Mclntyre, Lattimore,
: "This case has presented some diffi-
Merchant, Whedbee and Scott; Messrs.
McClellan, Evans, Matthews, Steward,
Parks, Meyzeek and Smith; Mesdames
B. P. Whedbee, E. K. Thomas, Wm. H.
Steward and Nolan King; and the fol-
lowing clergymen: W. J. Walls, E. G.
Harris, J. W. Gibson, John H. Frank,
H. W. Jones, C. H. Parrish, J. R. Har-
vey and W. M. Johnson.
The success of the campaign in a great
degree was due to the hearty coopera-
tion of the churches and ministerial
unions which were largely represented
on the committee. The committee finish-
ed its work with a mass meeting in
Quinn Chapel which Mr. Villard had ex-
pected to address. As he was kept in
Washington by the German crisis,Prof.
Pickens, Dean of Morgan College, took
his place and spoke on "The Ultimate
Effects of Segregation and Discrimina-
tion." There were brief addresses by
Mr. Warley and Mr. Johnson and re-
ports from the captains of the committee.
Mr. Storey has accepted the invitation
of the local attorneys, Blakey, Quin and
Lewis, to associate with them in the case
which has been appealed to the Supreme
Court. Mention should also be made of
Mr. W. H. Wright who represented Mr.
Harris in the case of Harris vs. Com-
monwealth, of Mr. A. A. Andrews, at-
torney for the Branch, who has given
legal assistance from time to time, and
of Mr. Butcher, Secretary, and Mr. Bul-
lock, Treasurer of the Branch.
m General Assembly, who pretended to be
OTHER BRANCHES
Columbus:
This branch has succeeded in its ef-
fort, mentioned in the last Crisis, to
have a patrolman dismissed from the
force for reckless and indiscriminate use
of firearms. Of the two policemen sus-
:
CRISIS
pended, Thomas Robinson was dismissed
from the force and William Bragg, who
was with him at the time of the shooting
was reinstated. The Director of Public
Safety, Mr. Bargar, in dismissing Robin-
son who was appointed to the police
force in May, 1910, gave his decision as
follows
culty because of the officers past good
record. The officer was pursuing a man
whom he had reason to believe had just
committed a misdemeanor. This offense
was not justification for the first shot,
which is presumed to have been fired in
the air. The second and third shots,
evidently fired directly at two innocent
women, [colored], constitutes such reck-
less disregard of human life as to require
that an example be set in order to avoid
similar offenses where there is no riot
or felony, and only one misdemeanant is
being pursued."
Muskogee: has sent resolutions to the
Board of Directors approving the work
of the Association on the grandfather
cases.
Philadelphia:
At a meeting the executive com-
mittee passed resolutions extending a
vote of thanks to the committee which
had been appointed to keep in touch with
the Equal Rights Bill when it was be-
fore the Legislature in Harrisburg. The
Committee consisted of Dr. J. Max Bar-
ber, Messrs. Ellwood Heacock, Isadore
Martin, James G. Davis, William H.
Jones, George H. White and R. R.
Wright, Jr. The resolutions express re-
gret "that in spite of the good work of
our Association through its committee,
the bill, on account of disloyal members
of the race, and the ingratitude and
treachery of certain members of the
our friends, was finally so amended and
passed that it is an insult to the race and
absolutely worthless." Three branches,
Pittsburgh, Harrisburg and Philadel-
phia, were more or less activelv inter-
ested in the bill which the Cosmopolitan
Club of Pittsburgh claims to have orig-
inated. The Association is indebted
 ;
N. A. A. C. P.
particularly to Dr. Barber and Mr. Isa-
dora Martin of the Philadelphia Branch
for their indefatigable efforts to secure
the passage of the measure in its origin-
al and radical form. The bill as finally
amended was vetoed by the Governor.
St. Paul has taken up the case of a
colored girl of seventeen, Janie Free-
man, who is serving a sentence in prison
for forging a small check to pay her ex-
penses home.
Tacoma:
Mrs. Nettie J. Asberry of the Taco-
ma Branch has been appointed field
agent by the National Association to do
work of organization in the Northwest.
MEETINGS
'T^HE work of the Association has
-*-
been kept before the public by
meetings all over the country. Miss S.
Elizabeth Frasier of Brooklyn in an elo-
quent address represented the National
Association at the Empire State Federa-
tion of Women's Clubs in annual session
in Auburn, N. Y., and the Federation
endorsed the work of the Association in
the following resolution "Resolved that
: Branch of the N. A. A. C. P. Despite
-the Empire State Federation of Wom-
en's Clubs in Convention at Auburn,
July 3, 4, 5, 1915, endorse the work of
the National Association realizing that it
is doing more work in breaking down
race prejudice than any other organiza-
tion." Mrs. Butler R. Wilson spoke for
the Association at the annual Conven-
tion of the Northeastern Federation of
Women's Clubs in Philadelphia where
resolutions were unanimously passed
endorsing the Association.
Meetings have been held bv branches
in Harrisburg, Providence and Buffalo
in Des Moines and Galesbursr where
Prof. Pickens spoke and in Cleveland
where Dr. Dan F. Bradlev and Judge
Hart made an appeal for unitv and co-
operation. The Northern California
Branch was addressed bv Prof, and Mrs.
Cook and Mr?. "John S. Bruce of Wash-
ington at a reception given in their hon-
or. At the regular meetin? of the
Branch, which was the second largest
245
meeting in its history, the Rev. Albert
W. Palmer of Plymouth Congregational
Church was the speaker. The Hon.
George H. Woodson, Chairman of the
Legal Committee of the Des Moines
Branch, addressed the Quincy Branch at
an important meeting held to discuss
housing conditions of colored people.
PHOTO PLAYS AND BRANCHES
HP WO branches have succeeded in
prohibiting the exhibition of the
photo-play, "The Birth of a Nation,"
Providence, R. I., and Gary, Ind. In
Providence action was taken by the Po-
lice Commissioner who refused to li-
cense the production after he had seen
it in Boston. In Gary, Ind., through the
activity of the N. A. A. C. P. Local re-
cently organized, of which Judge Dunn
is President, both "The Birth of a Na-
tion" and "The Nigger" were prohibited.
In St. Louis the Police Department de-
cided against "The Birth of a Nation,"
the opposition having been led by Miss
Charlotte Rumbold, City Superintendent
of Recreation. The agitation was begun
at the suggestion of the St. Louis
protests in Sacramento, Spokane, Taco-
ma, Portland and Seattle, the play is
running in these cities without the elimi-
nation of any of the objectionable scenes.
In Sacramento the agitation was carried
on under the name of the Northern Cal-
ifornia Branch and greatly aided by the
cooperation of Mr. C. K. McClathy of
the Sacramento Bee, who, in addition to
a long abstract from The Crisis, pub-
lished a letter from the Oakland G. A.
R. which scored the play in resolutions
of protest. Governor Tohnson also con-
demned the theme of the picture.
In Chicago the fiVn was much modi-
fied and in Boston it was so changed as
to be almost unintelligible, practically all
of the worst rape scene having been cut
nut. Griffith, the producer, is quoted as
having said that thousrh he won in Bos-
ton thev ruined his film. In Chicago he
is dissatisfied because children cannot
see his plav. all under twenty-one being
excluded from the theatre.
246 THE CRISIS

PRIZE CONTEST FOR

N. A. A. C. P.

BRANCHES and LOCALS

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People offers the
following prizes to its Branches and Locals:

GENERAL PRIZES
To each Branch or Local remitting to the Treasurer of the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People, Oswald Garrison Villard, 70 Fifth Avenue. New York City,
cash representing memberships in the Association and subscriptions to THE CRISIS ranging in

amount from $50 to $500. a library of books on the race question valued at from $5 to $50.
and a silver loving cup suitably inscribed will be donated; this library and loving cup are to be
given by the successful Branch or Local to a person in their membership whom they may
select. The selection of titles of books is to be made by the individual thus named.

The details of this contest are as follows:

Each Branch or Local remitting not less than $50 and under $100 in memberships and
subscriptions will receive a library valued at $5 and a loving cup.
Each Branch or Local remitting not $100 and under
less than $200 in memberships and
subscriptions will receive a library valued at $10 and a loving cup.
Each Branch or Local remitting not less than $200 and under $300 in memberships and
subscriptions will receive a library valued at $20 and a loving cup.
Each Branch or Local remitting not less than $300 and under $400 in memberships and
subscriptions will receive a library valued at $30 and a loving cup.
Each Branch or Local remitting not less than $400 and under $500 in memberships and
subscriptions will receive a library valued at $40 and a loving cup.
Each Branch or Local remitting $500 or more in memberships and subscriptions will re-

ceive a library valued at $50 and a loving cup.

GRAND PRIZE
To the Branch or Local remitting to the Treasurer of the National Association for the Ad-
vancement of Colored People. Oswald Garrison 70 Fifth Avenue. New York City, the
Villard,

largest net amount in Association memberships and CRISIS subscriptions. a scholarship of $200
for the year 1916-17 in any American institution for higher education (i.e.. above High School
grade) to which the candidate chosen is eligible; the candidate, boy or girl, is to be selected
by the successful Branch or Local on the basis of character and scholarship. In case of a tie

a scholarship of $200 will be given each of the contesting Branches or Locals who are tied.
Only new memberships and new subscribers will be counted in this contest. No branch
can receive more than one of the general prizes. The contest opens September 1st and closes
November 28th, 1915.
Results will be published in full in THE CRISIS, and detailed instructions are being mailed to

all Branches and Locals. No returns will be received at the National Office after November 28th.
Sunday. November 21st is designated as BROTHERHOOD DAY. on which Branches are
requested to announce results of the work locally, and to bring the work of the National Asso-
ciation and its organ. THE CRISIS, to the attention of their communities by services in churches
of all denominations.
Address all communications to the office of the National Association for the Advancement
of Colored People. Room 518. 70 Fifth Avenue. New York.

TRACING SHADOWS
"C'EW things, it seems to me, offer so
* much ground for speculation as the
psychology of the proverb. I like to
pause and consider the series of striking
incidents and co-incidences which have
finally moved some man to utter the
mark which afterwards becomes
trite aphorism of all the ages.
"Coming events cast their
before." How often has that thought
come to -me during this tempestuous
year which has elapsed since we entered
the train at Calais last June. Opposite
us in the little compartment
woman, black-haired, curious
restless,
and polyglot. She was friendly too and
within five minutes had told us of her
—
parentage Spanish and English it was
—of her Italian husband who strolled
persistently through the corridor un-
heeding her advice to sit down and keep
quiet. It would be so like him, she told
us in her Italian-Spanish-French to step
off the train and be left behind "he is
of such a carelessness that Giovanni."
And then all in the same breath she add-
ed, "you have heard of the terrible news ?
No? But ladies it is so awful. The
Archduke and Archduchess of Austria
have been attacked and killed bv a Serb-
ian." She knew her history, that lady,
and I learned more of the fateful record
of the ill-starred Hapsburgs then, than
I had ever heard in my life. Also I
pained for the first time a faint concept
of the immense importance which the
doings of one European state holds for
—
another a concept destined, indeed, to
become most emphatic within the next
six weeks.
not far from Calias to Paris, at
It is
least it was not in those days. At six
o'clock we had reached otir haven. Con-
trasting the court-vard of the Care des
Nord, its taxis and bustlinc crowds with
that quite other panic-stricken scene of
seven weeks later, it seems as though T
— ! !
rVK
^ ,i a w^
By JESSIE FAUSET
must have had a bad dream. But then!
No one, I am sure, is ever homesick in
Paris. We had been wretchedly so in
London but Paris —with its lights and
people and thronged streets, its motor-
re- busses and its inimitable atmosphere
the Paris was for us and we were for Paris
Forgotten were the murdered Archduke
shadows and his poor Duchess. Elate with the
thought that our Stratford-atte-Bowe
French had been understood not only by
a polyglot lady of no fixed nationality,
but also by a Parisian taxicab driver we
sat a were whirled through a network of mar-
velous streets, past "les Italiens" down
the Avenue de l'Opera, through Fourth
of September Street to the Hotel de la
Neva in little Rue Monsigny. I haggled
for a few delicious seconds over the
pourboire, (for had not the black-haired
lady of Calias warned us against tipping
too freely?) the proprietor "R. Deck"
led us courteously within, we shot up-
; wards in a tiny elevator (ascenseur)
and presently found ourselves in an im-
maculate room. Our personal siege of
Paris had begun.
And at dinner Madame Deck, looking
at us with her limpid gray eyes, (red
with weeping now, I suppose, like so
many other French women's) said,
"You ladies have doubtless heard that
t^e Archduke and Archduchess of Aus-
tria have been killed. Quel dommage
!"
We hope there will be no trouble
T have neither time nor space to tell
at length of what we saw in those in-
tervening days. Nor can I explain the
charm of Paris. I do not know in what
itconsisted. Perhaps it was in the sight
of the students dancing in the streets at
the fourteenth of July fete, or in the
merry, childish throng that flocked to
Versailles the Sunday after to see the
fireworks. Sometimes the Artist of our
little group satwith Our Lady of Lei-
sure in the Luxembourg Gardens and
 !
248 THE
sketched those happy, happy children of
the bourgeoisie. Sometimes all five of
us, the Musician, Our Lady of Leisure,
the Artist, the other Student and myself
went off on long expeditions. Once a
charming Scotch girl and the Artist and
the Lady and I went to the Bois on a
picnic whose piece de resistance was a
large bottle of white wine, the gift of
the Scotch girl's father. And every-
where was charm and light and the joy
of living.
I wonder if great joy ever bursts on
one with the same unexpectedness as
does disaster. It seems to me that it'
does not. Perhaps that is because most
of us strive more or less consciously to-
ward happiness and so each is well
aware of the various steps he takes to-
ward what will spell for him the magic
condition. Certainly we did not notice
the shadows which coming events were
casting before. And yet as we look
back I can trace them so distinctly that
I cannot conceive how I missed their
import. On that last Tuesday in July
one of the American Art students we — tilly and spilt fully half the sandwiches
had moved into the "Quarter" to be
near the school which I attended who —
lived in our house remarked on the ex-
citement prevailing in the streets that
day. But were not French people not-
ably excitable? On Wednesday as the
other Student and I walked home from
school across the "Boule St. Miche"
and through the Luxembourg Gardens,
he told me that Austria had declared
war on Servia. It seemed ridiculous to
—
us then a big nation like Austria
against little Servia. It was too absurd
As for France getting into the war!
Still that evening at dinner I asked the
proprietor of the little restaurant on the
—
Boulevard du Montparnasse Jonathan
Podd we used to call him what he —
thought of that possibility. His pale
face turned paler as he assured me,
"But no, mademoiselle, it is absurd !"
Poor Jonathan Podd ! By the following
Wednesday he had gone. I wonder if
he has ever seen since his little "Hotel"
and his wife of the beautiful rosy cheeks
and soft black hair.
On Thursday the Lady and I cashed
CRISIS
our last draft preparatory to leaving for
Switzerland in a few days. We were
offered and stupidly took the whole sum
— between two and three hundred dol-
lars —
in paper money of large denomina-
tion. Gold and silver coin was already
beginning to run to shelter. That after-
noon we went to Versailles again, and
either the other Student or the Musician,
I've forgotten which, stopped to get the
tickets for all five. He came back with
a little puzzled frown. "Isn't it funny ?"
he said. "I offered them a fifty-franc
note (ten dollars) and they said they
couldn't change it. Who ever heard of
a railway station where they couldn't
change ten dollars?" That did strike
us as queer, but we found the proper
coin among us and went on to Versailles
just the same. Right in front of the
palace gate I discovered that I had lost
a twenty-franc gold piece (four dol-
lars). That, in view of what was to
follow, was indeed a shadow.
Friday, the thirty-first, was not mo-
mentous except that we went to Chan-
on the ground as we sat in the little
grove at the entrance to the "course."
That might have been a shadow had not
those two gallant chevaliers, the other
Student and the Musician, declared that
they had not as yet eaten their full peck
of dirt and were not averse to complet-
ing it now.
But Saturday, the first of August!
That was the day the church bells rang
all over the city — for mobilization
they
told us gravely. don't believe I ever
I
knew the verb "to mobilize" until Au-
gust, 1914. By Sunday morning the
event whose shadows had been cast a
month before had come. Germany had
declared war on France.
Those days that followed, those rest-
less throbbing days For us, of course,
!
—
they spelt confusion our Lady and I
had practically no money that was not
naper, and that might just as well have
been the actual rags of which paper is.
made. I had just lost four dollars in
eold — —
precious gold at Versailles and
the Artist was little better off than we.
There were hasty visits to the Consulate
 !

TRACING SHADOWS 249

and Embassy with highly unsatisfactory summer. It was a veritable twilight of

interviews. There were baffling an-
nouncements to the effect that if one
wanted to leave Paris he must do so in
twenty- four hours having first obtained
a permit of departure. If one wanted
to stay in Paris he must obtain a permit
tQ_ remain there. There was a heart-
breaking waiting in line at the prefec-
ture only to find out after six weary
hours that one had gone to the prefect
in the wrong ward. There was the
wearying, nerve-racking strain to be
undergone all over again the next day.
But what were we and our petty
troubles compared with a nation's
agony? I am grown-up now. I have
lived in two or three large cities. I have
seen and known many people. I have
seen and felt sorrow and grief and pain.
But I have never seen anything never —
dreamed of anything like the nightmare
of sorrow and grief and pain which fell
last —
August, on Paris on France. I
hope that God will be good enough never
to let me see its like again. Sorrow and
Grief and Pain, I said, mark you. Dis-
—
may? Yes. Anger of course. But
fear —never
In all those days of awfulness and
anguish of women weeping in the streets,
of men walking along with reddened
eyes, of sweethearts strolling "once
more for the last time" through the
Tuileries and the rapidly deserted
embourg Garden, of whole families
sending their men away in anguished
silence —
never did I seeany sign of fear.
But oh the sense
! of disaster, of im-
pending fatality.
As a young and impressionable child
I read once, I remember, of a very
wealthy man who had gained his riches
by grinding the face of the poor
the Gods.
Two weeks elapsed before we could
leave In that time my brain
Paris.
must, I think, have become a camera. I
.have but to close my eyes to see some
scenes. There was the young woman to
whom I talked one afternoon in those
patheticLuxembourg Gardens. Her
home had been in Belfort. Her father
and uncle had fought in 1870 and had
apparently talked ever since of the great
revanche. "Mademoiselle," she said,
"I have heard of war all my life, and —
now, mon dieu, it is here."
It was Sunday afternoon, and we
were sitting listlesslyabout waiting,
waiting. Somebody tapped and in
Eugene, the valet de
came Eugene.
chambre, the courteous, the indefatiga-
ble, the ever cheerful. When the war
broke cut Eugene a "brave" of twenty-
"But, of
four, I suppose, had smiled.
course, mademoiselle, I shall be going to
the war." He threw out his chest
under his blue apron, his eyes shone.
But this was a different Eugene, fine in
blue coat and the senseless red
his
trousers of the French private. He had
come to tell us good-bye. "I must go
to-night," he told us brokenly, "it is
necessary. I shall never come back."
His eyes were wet—we were frankly in
tears. "Oh Eugene, must you go at
Lux- once," I said, "and what about your
fiancee?" He had told me of his girl.
"I cannot even see her," he told us. I
must 2:0 at once." And we, with our
hands full of that foolish paper money,
could give him only a couple of francs
for his tabac, —
for we were almost pen-
niless.
Poor, brave Eugene! And poorer,
braver Victorine She was the maid of
!

throughout the earth. One night he was all work (la bonne a tous faire). One
awakened from sleep by a fearful had only to see her look at Eugene to
sound. It was the concentrated wail of know where her heart was. And what
all the people he had wronged the world mattered it if he did like somebody else ?
over. I have never forgotten the awful- Was the somebody else not in another
ness of that idea. Picture to yourself city, and was not she Victorine in the
some such concentration of misery and same house with him and could she not
pain and suffering of all the people in see him every day? But now "I —
France and you know something of the shall never see him again mademoiselle,"
pall which hung over the nation last she told me the next day, "and he did

250
not even leave me his picture."
she threw her apron over her
quivering face and ran upstairs.
in
Everywhere
bine
were soldiers privates
three-quarter length coats, the
lower corners in front, buttoned back
with a brass button to the side, their
legs in red trousers, a perfect target for
some German bullet, — soldiers in light-
blue coats, suppose, with
officers, I through her exercises listlessly, then
medals strung across them. Horsemen
brave in scarlet and shining helmets, a
tuft of horse-hair streaming over their
shoulders; mounted policemen in sober,
dark-blue. Through the streets they
marched and rode, faces set and grave
without a single strain of music. And
nothing added to the solemnity of the
occasion as much as that.
One of those soldiers I like to
—
member the one who rode with
from Paris Amiens. A serious, earn-
to
est man he was even for those serious,
earnest times, some sort of
think. He
eyed us in grave silence for
a while but presently he began to talk.
His was a fine patriotism; no regrets,
no ifs, no buts, no foolish boastings.
But one knew that he had only one thing
to offer to La Patrie —and that was
best always. He took his bayonet out
and let us hold and finger it, and ex-
plained in great detail the terrible con-
sequences of the wound which it in-
flicted. And finally, when some chance
remark led him to realize that we had
left Paris without breakfast, he delved
deep into his knapsack and produced
some thick milk chocolate which he
pressed upon us. I have never tasted
anything so delicious. It was a perfect
godsend, for although in June it had
taken us only two hours to go from
Amiens to Paris, it took us in August,
six hours to go from Paris to Amiens.
We asked him timidly to allow us the
privilege of giving him some money for
—
da tabac, we wanted, as Americans, to
show him this slight token of our good
will. But he refused us gravely. He
had done only what a gentleman should
do, he assured us earnestly, and had in
our gratitude and sympathy received
more than a gentleman's reward.
! —
THE CRISIS
And Two other scenes remain with me
poor, one of which, after all, I never saw, but
rather heard. Back of where we stopped
— in little rue Brea, lived a girl and I
should judge, her mother. Their voices
were so happy. Every day, I think, this
must have taken place. The girl, who
played the piano very indifferently, used
to begin to practice. She would go
break off and begin a little folk-song
which she played indifferently well too,
but which she evidently loved. Perhaps
her mother meant to scold her but the
folk-song was obviously too much for
her, and she would leave her occupation
and lean, I fancy, over the girl's shoul-
der and sing the little ditty along with
her. Sometimes a young man's voice
re- would join in too, and they would sing
us it over and over again. I think it hap-
pened every day for five weeks. It was
a simple but hauntingly, sweet melody.
officer I Eugene used to whistle it around the
corridors and I meant to ask him its
name and how to obtain it, but I forgot.
When we returned to America, Our
Lady of Leisure and I found out that
we still remembered the melody and we
his Have
article.
phrase of it at the head of the
set a
But after the war broke out,
we never heard either it or, indeed, any
other sound issue from the house back
of us. Poor mother and poor youth, and
poor, sweet jeune fille
And now I come to what, to me, was
the most important, because most indi-
cative incident of all. We
had gone late
that Wednesday afternoon to our little
restaurant. It was deserted except for
us and to us presently came poor Jona-
than Podd's pretty wife. She had been
crying, poor thing, and when she saw
us, she started afresh. "My husband
has gone, ladies," she told us, polite even
in her great anguish, "he had to go to-
day." —
She served us but how could
we eat? And then she sat down in the
back of the place and picked up a basket
of green peas and began to shell them.
At intervals she would choke down a sob
!"
and murmur, "oh mon dieu, mon dieu
— but she kept on shelling peas. Work-
must go on, life must be lived, she could
not falter even though her husband had
 — a

TRACING SHADOWS 251

gone to an accursed war and the world manifold many millions of times to the —
for her lay in ruins. next event which is surely coming —
Well that was France, that is France. new and evermore wonderful France.
Because of her delicate sensibilities, Dear France! When, finally we left
when her hour came, she wept
tragic Boulogne, and the cliffs of oh I hope —
careless that the world could see and
all I err when I say the
of that "per-
cliffs
know, but falter, shrink, hesitate, fidious Albion" were rising white before
never! Were peas to be shelled there us, I looked back in the direction of
were her women choking back sobs, and France and wished I knew how to voice
working on with eyes too blinded by the feeling which my heart held for her.
tears to see. Were guns to be shoul- But the benizon remained unspoken, for
dered. There was always Eugene. I had no words. Since then Gabriele
And so it seems to me that here is D'Annunzio has done it for me, and
one of the rare occasions where one what he has said, is I know, the quint-
dares quote the proverb before the hap-
essence of the sentiment of all her wor-
pening of the event. And just as we
shippers :

have looked backwards from the war

and traced out the shadows which pres- "France, sweet France, Love of the
aged it, just so we may follow up these world,
new indications, —the attitude of Eugene France, France, what a world without
and the wife of Jonathan Podd made thee."

A LITTLE BUSHEL OF BOOKS

r
I
"*
HE most significant book concern- partly chronological, but with a skillful
A ing the Negro race published in avoidance of too much repetition and too
the last year is CARTER GODWIN much insistance on mere annals.
WOODSON'S "The Education of the The reader will note with interest the
Negro Prior to 1861." It is a serious early attempt to teach religion and in-
work done in scholarly with re-
spirit telligence and the systematic beginnings
straint, thought and care.
has gained It near the close of the eighteenth century;
notice and praise from the best organs of the reaction following the rise of the cot-
opinion throughout the United States. It ton kingdom and the Negro insurrec-
is a work that has called for time and re- tions and the final attempt to teach th_e
search and is the sort of thing, and the Negro "Religion without letters." Per-
only sort of thing, that is going to com- sons who have lived through the modern
pel in the long run recognition for Ne- educational controversy will without dif-
gro scholarship and Negro thought. ficulty notice a curiousjzoincidence.
The four hundred and fifty pages are Dr. Woodson's, book ends abruptly
divided into thirteen chapters and to and may on this account be criticized
these are added an appendix of docu- from a literary point of view. Never-
ments, a careful bibliography and an in- theless this very point of criticism may
dex. The introductory chapter is a be held in favor of the author. It is an
survey and summary of the field of re- excellent habit to stop when you are
search, calling attention to the two peri- through.
ods into which the education of the Dr. Woodson is a young man of forty.
anti-bellum Negroes falls with 1835 as He received his Doctorate at Harvard
the dividing point. The next twelve in 1912 and we trust that this volume is
chapters take up the story of Negro but the beginning of a worthy career in
training on a plan partly topical and the writing of Negro history^

252
WILLIAM H, HOLTZCLAW'S
"The Black Man's Burden" is a
most interesting book. Its evident
frankness and honesty are of the most
compelling character and the reader will
scarcely put it down without finishing at
least the first fourteen chapters. Mr.
Holtzclaw tells frankly a gripping story
of poverty and effort beginning with
"the windowless house in which I first
—
saw the light, the light that scantily
streamed through the cracks jn the wall.
It was a little cabin fourteen Jeet by six-
teen feet made of split pine with only
dirt for a floor." He tells how
ily was crushed by the landlord with
charges of twenty-five to two hundred
per cent on the food and clothes "ad-
vanced;" how his mother spent all her
time cooking for the "white folks" and
how in the morning she left a large pan
on the dirt floor in the middle of the
cabin with the children's breakfast.
"Sometimes, however, our pet pig would
come in and find it first and would be
already helping himself before we could
reach it."
Mr. Holtzclaw was trained at Tuske-
gee and he has a frank and beautiful
worship for Mr. Washington. After
graduating he and his wife founded a
school in darkest Mississippi and there
after many years they have built up
Utica .'nstitute.
It is a story of unselfish effort and
good which one hesitates to criti-
result
cize at There comes, however, the
all.
shadow of a wish that the author had
refrained from quoting some commen-
dations of his work but after all there is
a certain honesty, in that. One other
thing, however, is more important. Mr.
Holtzclaw continually speaks of the al-
most frantic fear of the poor, ignorant
rural Negroes for the "white man" and
he almost intimates that he does not
know just why this fear exists. This is
not fair to his readers even if it does
protect his institute. Mr. Holtzclaw
knows perfectly well why Mississippi
Negroes are afraid cf Mississippi white
men.
'pHOMAS PEARCE BAILEY
man for whom his fellows should
have deep sympathy. He is
:
THE CRISIS
white man who wants to be just but his
education and early training have made
the race problem a bug-a-boo of such
overwhelming size in his mind that it
involves him and souj-
in contradictions
striving^ which are both tragic and amaz-
ing. His "Race Orthodoxy in the
South" is a calamity rather than a book.
"I publish the book with misgiving but
from a sense of duty," he writes to the
editor. These random essays show Mr.
Bailey torn between two irreconcilable
opinions one that the Negro and white
;
race cannot live together; and the other
the fam- that if they are to live together we must
"study the problem!" Negro uplift,
therefore, is a "fool's paradise" to him.
The cure for the race problem is "salve
or surgery." After this impasse comes,
with an exclamation point, "Study the
Negro!" after which the author again
plunges into Hell with "Fuse, fight or
fail!"
Could one imagine more pitable spirit-
ual confusion?
m
The American Negro Academy con-
tinues to publish at intervals its excellent
brochures on phases of the history
little
and problems of the American Negro.
The annual address of the president,
the HON. ARCHIBALD H. GRIMKE,
has been published under the title "The
Ultimate Criminal." The thesis of this
excellent statement is summed up in this
paragraph
"The South has little love or use for
an intelligent labor class, but desires
above all things an ignorant one, and
does what in it lies to hinder educational
progress among its colored population.
But ignorance is a breeder of crime just
as poverty is. They are the parents of
much of the crime committed by the Ne-
groes just as they are the parents of
much of the crime committed by the
whites. Our criminal classes do many
things which the law forbids to be done
not because they are of one race or color
or of another race or color, but mainly
because they are poor and ignorant.
Who, then, in these circumstances, are
the ultimate criminals, those who are un-
willingly poor and ignorant, or those
is a who make and keep them so by bad and
unequal laws, by bad and unequal treat-
a southern ment?"
 :

THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 253

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It is the safest and most profitable way for you to employ for the saving of
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If, at any time after the policy has been in force for three years, the holder should find it impossible

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In addition to this desirable feature, the policy allows Cash, Paid-Up and
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For Example
At age you take out a Twenty Year Endowment Policy for $1,000,
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Incontestable after the first year, you also have the privilege without notice
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STANDARD
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ATLANTA, GEORGIA /
.*

.* Sex
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*"""""
—
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Issues Policies from $250.00 to $5,000.00 / Occupation

.•" Nam* '

HEMAN E.PERRY, President / Aderwa

HARRY H. PACE, Secretary (C. Sept., 1915)

Mention Thi Cams

254 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

ji * * * * CHICAGO BUSINESS * * * <* *

Telephones Douglas 8078 Automatic 72-384 Telephones, Automatic 72533
Douglas 9220

Dr. George W. Prince Mme. E. M. SCOTT

Physician and Surgeon
PROVIDENT SANITARY
3502 S. State Street, Chicago BEAUTY PARLORS
Office hours: 9 to 12 M.. 2 to 5:30 and 7 to 8:30 P. M.
Sundays, 1 to 3 P. M. 3611 South State Street CHICAGO
Telephone Douglas 6134 The wonderful hair dresser and scalp specialist
Telephone orders given prompt attention.
MISS E. ARNOLD
GEO. M. PORTER, Ph. G.
Branch of Mrs. S. Bedford's
Reliable Druggist Modern Service
Chicago St. Louis, Mo.
3510 South State Street,
Money Orders, Parcel Post, Registered Letters, U. S. Telephone Douglas 9550
Postal Station.
3457 State Street Chicago, III.

Telephone Douglas 3288 U. D. DAVIDSON CO.

Provident Hospital Clinic, Tuesdays and Fridays,
2 to 4 P. M. Scalp Specialists
Special attention to Agents wanted.
DR. A. C. JOHNSON 3149 South State Street
all visitors.
Chicago, HI.
Surgeon Dentist
Telephone Auto. 74-380
Office Hours
9 A. M. to 1 P. M., 2 P. M. to 8 P. M. Daily; Telephones Automatic 71-765 Douglas 1739
10:30 A. M. to 1. P. M. Sundays. MRS. A. DAVIS
3518 STATE ST., CHICAGO. ILL. Hairdressing, Shampooing, Facial Massage and Chiropody

WM. T. BOWDEN, Mgr. GEORGE M. PORTER, Ph. G.

Scalp Treatment a Specialty —All Kinds of Hairgoods Made to Order
3734 S. State Street, Chicago
PORTER'S PHARMACY
19 W. 31st St., near Dearborn Street, CHICAGO Negro Culture in West Africa
Teli.: D ouglas 6134, Ante 76-929. By George W. Ellis, K. C, F. R. G. C.

Formerly Secretary of United States Legation

When in Chicago! Liberia, West Africa. A scholarly array of facts
to

T p
i T T HE GRAYSTONE
MRS. EVELYN S. RANDOLPH, Prop.
about the Negro that should be in every library.

3000
Send
S. State St.
directly to author.
Chicago. III.

Telephones : Automatic 71-816

Douglas 5937 Telephones Douglas 4014 Automatic 71-663

3254 Wabash Ave. Chicago, III.

LYLES & SON
Transfer, Expressing and Storage
Telephone Automatic 72-641 Douglas 6134 Packing and Shipping
C. S.
The Shob Man
TWITTY Baggage trips daily 9 A. M., and 4 P. M.
service in connection.
Auto

Shoes for men, women and children. Repairing 3243 South State Street Chicago
neatly done. Work called for and delivered.
COLORADO LUNCH AND CHILI PARLOR
38 West 31st Street Chicago, 111.
The home of good Chili and Hot Tamales. The best
When your watch needs repairing and your jewelry in the city, made by one who knows how.
needs mending, send to At your service
J. \. GR'HFIN MRS. TILLIE CARR1NGT0N. 3203 South State Street, Chicago, 111 .

Watchmaker— Jeweler — Engraver

3532 South State Street, Chicago
THE MECCA CONFECTIONERY
All work guaranteed Telephone Auto. 74097 Coleman & Glanton, Proprietors
CHICAGO FLORIST We carry a full line of Cigars, Tobacco, Candies,
Stationery, Notions and Periodicals
Mrs. Jon nshn-Ciiambliss, Proprietor. Laundry Agency. Located in the largest apartment
Johnson's Practical Floral School. Cut flowers, plants, building in the world for colored people
palms, designs. A specialty made of June weddings.
3342 South State Street, Chicago, 111.
3458 South State Street, corner 35th.
Telephone Auto. 73-887
Telephones Douglas 355, Auto. 72-086 Call to see us

MORRIS SLOTT <*c Jt Fine Tailoring

Personal service is the keynote of my establishment. Every customer who enters, every gar-
ment which leaves, receives my personal attention.

Prices are right. When you are "over east," drop in and lets get acquainted. We are always
glad to show our goods.
MORRIS SLOTT, 350 East 35th Street, Opposite Grand Boulevard, CHICAGO, ILL.

Mention The Crisis

 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 255

CHICAGO BUSINESS— Con.

OF INTEREST TO VOCAL STUDENTS
TONE-PLACING AND
VOICE- DEVELOPMENT
Points explained, viz.: Breath in
Singing, Trying the Voice, the
Soprano, the Mezzo-Soprano, the
Contralto, Tenor Leggiero or High
Tenor,the Baritone, the Bass.
Parts of the Vocal Apparatus, the
Mouth, the Tongue, Position when
Practising, Position when Singing.
$100.00 PRIZE
How to Practice, Good Rules for Given to the agent selling the largest number
Singing.
Comment from th$ conductor of the Paulist Chor- of A. B. C. books over 1,500. This book is
isters, the celebrated choral society which received different from anything before the public. It
the first prize awarded at the International Singing is illustrated thruout with pictures of Negro
Contest held in Paris on May 25, 1912:
"Dear Mr. Tinsley:
children. No family will refuse a copy. Re-
"I take great pleasure in commending your very tail price 15c. Liberal commission to agents.
aseful and succinctly written book on 'Tone-Placing Eighteen other cash prizes ranging from $50.00
and Voice-Development.' Your own appreciation of down to $5.00 will be given. These prizes do
the psychology of singing and the fundamental prin-
ciples of the art you have cleverly reduced to a not come under the 1,500 sales as required for
simple system. Cordially yours, the $100.00 prize. Contest closes December 31,
"Father WILLIAM J. FINN, C. S. P., 1915. In case of a tie, all contestants thus tied
Director Paulist Choristers of Chicago."
will receive the same stated prize. Address
From "Musical Courier," N. Y.: "A very practical
Httle book is 'Tone-Placing and Voice-Development,' 0. A. PIERCE & CO., 224 W. Frambes Ave., Columbus/0.
by Pedro T. Tinsley. It contains some very excellent
material and vocal exercises, and should be in the
hands of all vocal students."
From "Music News," Chicago, 111.: "Accordingly
his 'Practical Method of Singing' is a most concise
HOTEL LINCOLN
(American or European Plan)
and practical little manual, containing many valuable
vocal exercises. It cannot fail to be helpful to all
ambitious vocal students." Opens May 15th EJrJET.
HELPED HIM GREATLY Combines the restful
"Since I practised your exercises of 'Tone-Placing quiet of the country and
and Voice-Development' my voice is more resonant sea-shore with the gaye-
than it has been for years. It seems to me that I ues of a great city. Only
am getting a new voice." Prof. John T. Layton, i few minutes' ride by
Director Coleridge-Taylor Musical Society, 1722 10th train separates New
It, N. W., Washington, D. C. /ork City from this de-
PRICE $1.00 ightfulspot. HOTEL
JNCOLN is within
Address the publisher: Pedro T. Tinsley, 6448 Drexel three minutes' walk of
Ave., Chicago, 111. or Clayton F. Summy, 64 E. Van
;
the beach where there
Buren St., or Lyon & Healy, Adams and Wabasb ire bathing, boating and
Ave., Chicago, 111. fishing. 26 magnifi-
cently appointed rooms,

ERNEST H. WILLIAMSON single or en suite. Every

convenience to suit the
most exacting.
UNDERTAKER EXLtLLtM CWMNt— fr.ObtkAlt RATES— BEST OF SERVICE
For information write C. BRECKENRIDGE, Prop.
Fine Funeral Goods T-lfohoni- 1417 Hammels Arverae. Long Island

Private Chapel
Who can tell me a good town where a First Class
Automobiles for All Occasions Notary Public GROCERY OR DRUG STORE
Calls Promptly Answered Day or Night
would be appreciated? Address
Telephones: Kenwood 455 —Auto 73-867 J. L. T. Care of THE CRISIS
5028-5030 South State St., Chicago
Do you need money for
I am near to you as your telephone. Consult me
as your Church, School,
and I can save you worry, time and money. Distance Lodge or Club? We make
immaterial. I give service at reasonable prices.
genuine Photographic Post
Cards of any subject you
MARGARET H. ANDERSON have,
plan.
and send selling
Agents wanted to
Teacher and Decorator of sell our Post Cards, the
Hand Painted China everyday kind.
hour easily made.
50c an
Send
15c to-day for 12 post
Table Ware A Specialty cards,all Negro subjects, our agents' offer and infor-
mation about Views of your church, etc.
Studio: 3522 State Street, Chicago, 111. AFRO-AMERICAN NOVELTY CO.
Telephone Douglas 8805 1 19 West Fifth Street Topeka, Kansas
Mention Thi Cutis
 ;

256 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

Atlanta University 1 Wealth is Power

Studies of the The Union Development Company's
stock is a wealth producer. $40,000.00
Negro Problems of stock for sale at $10.00 per share.
Stock is now paying 7%. Every dollar
18 Monographs Sold Separately
invested in first class improved business
Addres*
property, located in the heart of the city
ATLANTA UNIVERSITY CONFERENCE no risk, no failure. Company duly
ATLANTA UNIVERSITY r. ATLANTA, GA. chartered under the laws of Georgia; is
composed of some of the most successful
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The Curse of Race Prejudice of the city and has great- earning possi-
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An aggressive exposure by an Anglo-Saxon cham-
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Union Development Co.
Price 25 cents. Send order to 458 West Broad Street Savannah, Ga.
JAMES MORTON, JR.
F.

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THE HOUSE OF CHOWNING, Indianapolis, Ind. occupied by C. B. Fulton.

"GLEANINGS FROM DIXIE-LAND"

THE LINCOLN LAND AND
Ten poems by IMPROVEMENT COMPANY
Effik T. Battls, A.M. 1403 New York Ave. Washington, D. C.
"lira Battle has sn individual of melody."
gift
—
Springfield Republican.
"You owe
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it
—
to your race to publish your poems in
Editor, Southwestern Christian Ad-
PHARMACIST-^UNDERTAKER
vocate. Correspondence invited from either who would be
interested in establishing either business. Address
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reverent to all truth, appreciative of all beauty and J. L. T. Care of TBE CRISIS
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Mention The Crisis

 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 257

REGALIA
A Race Enterprise
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Learn Banners and Supplies
for all Fraternal and
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,

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it today— Nowl THE MUTUAL TEACHERS' AGENCY
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SOUTHERN COLORED TEACHERS' AGENCY

Formerly TEXAS COLORED TEACHERS' AGENCY
1025 Boll Street, DALLAS, TEXAS
Recommends teachers to Colleges, Universities, School Boards and School Authorities.
Write for information. R. O. GOTHARD, Manager

Mention The Crisis

258 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER
GOOD WORDS FOR THE CRISIS
I pleasure in the renewal of my Crisis, the
find
LEGAL DIRECTORY subscription of which expired yesterday.
You are doing a very necessary work and doing it
well and in a manly spirit, and on the principle of
Telephones: /Central 104-W equal justice that must eventually triumph for all
(Main 61
within the metes and bounds of this republic.
HARRY E. DAVIS Success and more faith in your zeal for our com-
Atto«nky-at-Law Notaet Public mon cause is my earnest desire.
1607 Williamson Building Cleveland, Ohio Faithfully yours,
J. H. Kelly, Los Angeles, Cal.
Office D. Telephone 3297 Market
L. Enclosed find checkto cover one year's subscrip-
Residence L. D. Telephone 5277-M Market tion. do without The Crisis.
I can't afford to Put
GEORGE A. DOUGLAS me down as a permanent subscriber. Not only shall
I remain a subscriber but I shall speak a good word
Counsellok-at-Law
on every occasion possible and likewise try to induce
Rooms 613-614, Metropolitan Building
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113 Market St., Cot. Washington, Newark. N. J. associated therewith.
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WILLIAM R. MORRIS
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1020 Metropolitan Life Building
Minneapoli* Minn.
A
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BROWN S. SMITH you, or your druggist can get you the original 25c.
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Offices: Suite 802 Sykes Block
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EDGAR P. BENJAMIN
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34 School Street
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 — — — — — —

A VALUABLE BOOK
The Education of the
Negro Prior to 1861
The History of the Education of the Colored People of the
United States from the Beginning of Slavery to the Civil War
By
CARTER GODWIN WOODSON, Ph. D.
(HARVARD)
460 pp. $2.00; by mail $2.15
"This book is neither a controversial treatise on Negro education nor a
study of recent problems. Dr. Woodson has given us something new. He
has by scientific treatment amassed numerous facts to show the persistent
strivings of ante-bellum Negroes anxious to be enlightened. What they
accomplished is all but marvelous."
The author aims to put the student of history in touch with the great
movements which effected the uplift of the Negroes, and to determine the
causes which finally reduced many of them to heathenism.
The titles of the chapters are "Introduction," "Religion with Letters,"
:

"Education as a Right of Man," "Actual Education," "Better Beginnings,"

"Educating the Urban Negro," "The Reaction," "Religion without Letters,"
"Learning in Spite of Opposition," "Educating Negroes Transplanted to
Free Soil," "Higher Education," "Vocational Training," "Education at
Public Expense." In the appendix are found a number of valuable docu-
ments. The volume contains also a critical bibliography and a helpful index.

OPINIONS
"I like it very much. You seem to have loosened up on your style a bit and you have done
an excellent piece of research. . I hope that your book will have a good sale."
. . Edward C'/tan-
ning, McLean Professor of Ancient and Modern History, Harvard University.
"It seems clear to me that you have made a substantial contribution to the subject and I know
I shall profit by it." Frederick J. Turner, Professor of History, Harvara University.
"I thought at first it would be out of my line, but on turning its pages, I discovered that
it may well hold the attention of everybody with an intelligent interest in the colored people.
You write easily and flexibly and have certainly compiled important material in the true spirit of
scholarship. I congratulate you sincerely." Ferdinand Schevill, Professor of History in the Uni-
versity of Chicago.
"It seems to me that you have taken a field of which little has been known and developed
in it a most interesting and valuable book. I am glad to have it in my library and rejoice that I
have had the privilege of some personal acquaintance with the author." Francis W. Shepardson,
Professor of History in the University of Chicago.
"I am delighted with the thoroughly scholarly way in which it has been put together and I
know enough about the subject to appreciate what it has cost you in time and effort to perform
this work." Dr. Robert E. Park.
"It is the story of the effort on the part of certain agencies to educate the Negro. It is above
all the story of the strivings of the Negro himself under tremendous difficulties and opposition, to
learn things, to know more, to be more. . Apart from the fund of information on the subject
. .

which Dr. Woodson has here offered, the supreme point of this study is the unconquerable will of
the Negro. . . The book, as a whole, is an illumination of the recent development of education
.

among the colored people." The Washington Star.

THIS BOOK MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE AUTHOR

2223 Twelfth Street, Northwest Washington, D. C.

Mention The Crisis

 —

A New Book by Dr. Du Bois

THE NEGRO
By W. E. BURGHARDT DU
BOIS, author of "Souls of Black
Folk," "Quest of the Silver Fleece," "Select Bibliography of
the Negro American," etc.
This the authentic romance of the black man.
is It is a
history of him at once scholarly, earnest and eloquent. He is
considered from the earliest times, and the thread of his fas-
- cinating story is followed in Africa, America, and wherever
else it has appeared. To look at the Negro against the back-
ground of his history is to see him in a light fairer than that
in which most Americans have seen him.
256 Pages—3 Maps— Cloth Bound
At the low price of 50 cents net — By mail 56 cents
Dr. Du Bois's new book is the latest addition to a remarkable
series of low-priced new books with which everybody should be-
come acquainted.
These books may be obtained from The CRISIS, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York

The Home University Library

Is made up of new books by leading authorities.
The editors are Professors GILBERT MURRAY, H. A. L. FISHER, W. T. BREWSTER
and J. ARTHUR THOMSON.
Cloth bound, good paper, clear type, 256 pages per CI^^^> nai
volume. Each complete and sold separately - - ClV^Va Ilcl
"A growing wonder of enterprise and sound judgment.
Each volume, new, is furnished by an acknowledged
entirely
expert is brief enough and plain enough to be readable or
;

even fascinating, scientific enough to be a condensed authority

— and at the nominal price of 50 cents." Hartford Courant.

SOME SELECTED EARLIER VOLUMES:

EVOLUTION By J. A. Thomson LATIN AMERICA By W. R. Shepherd
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION VICTORIAN LITERATURE
By Hilaire Belloc By G. K. Chesterton
ROME By W. Warde Fowler GERMANY OF TODAY
PROBLEMS OF PHILOSOPHY By Charles Tower
By Bertrand Russell EURIPIDES AND HIS AGE
NAPOLEON By H. A. L. Fisher By Gilbert Murray
THE CIVIL WAR By F. L. Paxson UNEMPLOYMENT By A. C. Pigou
94 volumes now ready. Send /or a list

HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY 3* w. 33d STREEt

NEW YORK

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 LLINOIS library

OCT 1 - 1915

The CRISIS
Vol. 10— No. 6 OCTOBER, 1915 Whole No. 60

ONE DOLLAR A YEAR TEN CENTS A COPY

 !

A & PUBLISHER'S CHAT $ ife

The NOVEMBER number of the CRISIS is our FIFTH ANNIVERSARY

NUMBER with a history of our work and an important announcement which our
friends will welcome:
Pictures of our staff and offices and good fiction.

The NEW ORLEANS number originally announced for November will come
a little later so as to allow a better selection of material.

Get ready for the beautiful CHRISTMAS CRISIS, the HISTORICAL

AND STATISTICAL CALENDAR and the CHRISTMAS CARD

These prices do not include postage. Postage extra.

Hazel. (Mary White Ovington) $1.00

The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. (Anonymous) 1.20
Norris Wright Cuney. (Maud Cuney Hare) 1.50

A Narrative of the Negro. (Leila Amos Pendleton) 1.50

Souls of Black Folk. (W. E. B. Du Bois) 1.25

The White Man's Burden. (T. Shirby Hodge) 1.00

Race Adjustment. (Kelly Miller) 2.00
History of the Negro. (B. G. Brawley) 1.25
Half a Man. (Mary White Ovington) . . . . . 1.00
Aftermath of Slavery. (William Sinclair) 1.50
John Brown. (W. E. B. Du Bois) 1.25
Negro in American History. (J. W. Cromwell) 1.25
Prince Hall and His Followers. (George W. Crawford) 1.00
Liberia. (Frederick Starr) 1.00
The Negro. (W. E. B. Du Bois) : 50
Facts of Reconstruction. (John R. Lynch) 1.50
Story of the Negro. 2 Volumes. (Booker T. Washington) 3.00
Masterpieces of Negro Eloquence. (Alice Moore Dunbar, Editor) 2.50
Poems of Paul Laurence Dunbar 2.00
Afro-American Folksongs. (H. E. Krehbiel) 2.00
Out of the House of Bondage. (Kelly Miller) 1.50

Address THE CRISIS, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York

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 THE CRISIS
A RECORD OF THE DARKER RACES
PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF
COLORED PEOPLE, AT 70 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY
Conducted by
W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS
AUGUSTUS GRANVILLE DILL, Business Manager

Contents Copyrighted, 1915, by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Contents for October, 1915

PICTURES
COVER. Portrait of Louis C. Scales, Jr. . Page
Selected Pictures of Seventy-Nine of Our Baby Friends
Pictures From Hayti 272
"THE DROP SINISTER" After the painting by Harry W. Watrous 286
GROUPS OF CHILDREN 269 & 300
"THE VERDICT." A Cartoon By Lorenzo Harris 295

ARTICLES
FOLK LITERATURE OF THE NEGRO By A. O. Stafford 296
HOW THE SPIDER WON AND LOST NZAMBI'S DAUGHTER. A
Negro Folk Tale By M. N. Work 301
THE BLACK MANS SOUL. A Poem By James D. Corrothers 304

DEPARTMENTS
ALONG THE COLOR LINE _ 267
MEN OF THE MONTH. 274
OPINIONS 276
EDITORIAL
Parents and Children By the Hon. A. H. Grimke 288
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COL-
ORED PEOPLE 293
WHAT TO READ 302

TEN CENTS A COPY; ONE DOLLAR A YEAR

FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS TWENTY-FIVE CENTS EXTRA
RENEWALS: When a subscription blank is attached to this page a renewal of your subscrip-
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CHANGE OF ADDRESS: The address of a subscriber can be changed as often as desire'd.
In ordering a change of address, both the old and the new address must be given. Two weeks'
notice is required.
_
MANUSCRIPTS and drawings relating to colored people are desired. They must be accom-
panied by return postage. If found unavailable they will be returned.
Entered as Second-class Matter in the Post Office at New York, N. Y.
 :

264 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

Atlanta University MOREHOUSE COLLEGE

(Formerly Atlanta Baptist College)
Is beautifully located in the City of Atlanta,
Ga. The courses of study include High ATLANTA, GA
School, Normal School and College, with Academy, Divinity School
College,
manual training and domestic science. Among
the teachers are graduates of Yale, Harvard, An famous within recent years
institution
Dartmouth and Wellesley. Forty-six years for its emphasis on all sides of manly develop-
of successful work have been completed. —
ment the only institution in the far South
Students come from all parts of the South. devoted solely to the education of Negro
Graduates are almost universally successful. young men.
Graduates given high ranking by greatest
For further information address
northern universities. Debating, Y. M. C. A.,
President EDWARD T. WARE athletics, all live features.
ATLANTA, GA. For information address
JOHN HOPE, President.

Knoxville College ST. MARY'S SCHOOL

Beautiful Situation. Healthful Location.
The Best Moral and Spiritual Environ- An Episcopal boarding and day school for
ment. A
Splendid Intellectual Atmos- girls, under the direction of the Sisters of St.
phere. Noted for Honest and Thorough Mary. Address
Work. THE SISTER-IN-CHARGE
Offers full courses in the following departments: 611 N. 43d St. W. Philadelphia, Pa.
College, Normal, High School, Grammar School and
industrial.
Good water, steam heat, electric
age. Expenses very reasonable.
Opportunity for self-help.
lights, good drain-
AVOID BAD SCHOOLS
Educate your children at home under our expert teachers
Fall Term Began September, 1915 Courses for Adults
For information address
Pupils received at any time. Write to
President R. W. McGRANAHAN Educational Extension School, Box 3194 Station F, Washington, D. C.
KNOXVILLE, TENN. Highly Endorsed. Financially Responsible.
AGENTS WANTED

THE AGRICULTURAL WILEY UNIVERSITY

and MARSHALL, TEXAS
TECHNICAL COLLEGE Recognized as a college of the First Class
of
by Texas and Louisiana State Boards of
North Carolina Education. Harvard, Yale and Columbia
represented on its faculty students gath-
(Formerly the A. & M. College)
ered from ten different states.
;

The 22d annual session began West

Strongest Music Department in the
September 1, 1915. Board, lodging
and tuition $8.00 per month. Four M. W. DOGAN, President

year courses leading to trade certifi-

cates. Four year college courses FISK UNIVERSITY
leading to degrees of Bachelor of NASHVILLE, TENN.
Founded 1866
Science in Agriculture and Bachelor
Thorough Literary, Scientific, Educational,
of Science in Mechanics.
Musical and Social Science Courses. Pioneer
in Negro music. Special study in Negro life.
For catalog or further information Ideal and sanitary buildings and grounds.
Address Well-equipped Science building.
home life.
Christian
President Dudley, A. & T. College
High standard of independent manhood and
GREENSBORO, N. C.
womanhood. For literature, etc., write
FAYETTE AVERY McKENZIE, President
Mention The Crisis
 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 265

School of Medicine of Howard University

Including

Medical, Dental and Pharmaceutic Colleges

1867-1915
Stephen M. Newman, D.D., President Edward A. Balloch, M.D., Dean

The FORTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL SESSION will begin October 1,

1915, and continue eight months.

Requires for admission to Medical College two years of college work
including courses in inorganic and organic chemistry, qualitative analysis,
physics, biology and either French or German. Full corps of instructors,
well equipped laboratories, unexcelled hospital facilities.

For catalog or information concerning Medical, Dental,

Pharmaceutic or Post-Graduate courses write

w. c. McNeill, m.d., Sec.

Fifth and "W" Streets, N. W. Washington, D. C.

The Cheyney Training School for Teachers

CHEYNEY, PENNSYLVANIA

Under ihe management of the Society of Friends. Beautifully located,

healthful, well appointed, and within easy reach of a great variety of educa-
tional institutions, public and private, extending from West Chester to
Philadelphia; representing a wide range of educational problems and
practice.

This school offers to young colored men and women who have a reasonable
secondary school preparation, and who earnestly desire to become teachers^
carefully graded courses in academic work, domestic science, domestic art,
manual crafts and agriculture. For teachers of experience and intending
teachers it offers also a six weeks'
summer-school course during the months
of July and August. Tuition is free. Board, lodging, heat, light and
laundry privileges are offered for nine months for $100. The charge for
the same during the summer-school course is $15. Write for particulars to

LESLIE PINCKNEY HILL, Principal

Mention The Crisis

266 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

The National Religious Training School

"I cordially commend the school's interest and needs to all who believe
in the Negro race and in our obligation to help promote its intellectual, moral
and religious uplift."
Rev. Dr. Charles H. Parkhurst, New York City.

IT IS MORE THAN A MERE SCHOOL

IT IS A COMMUNITY OF SERVICE AND UPLIFT
Its influence destined to be felt in all sections of the country in improved
is

Negro community wherever our trained workers locate.

life
Settlement workers, missionaries for home and foreign mission fields, Y. M. C. A.
and Y. W. C. A. secretaries and district nurses receive a comprehensive grasp of their
studies under a Wellesley graduate and experienced co-workers and actual every-day
practice through the school's SOCIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT.
We aim also to create a better qualified ministry.
Industrial training, advanced literary branches, business school.
Thirty-two acres ten modern buildings healthful location.
; ;

We can accommodate a few more earnest, ambitious students.

Communities requiring social workers should write us.

For catalog and detailed information address:

PRESIDENT JAMES E. SHEPARD
National Religious Training School Durham, N. C.
The school has no endowment fund and must raise a yearly maintenance fund
of $15,000 for running expenses. Won't you help us this year?

"The White Man's Burden"

An Unusual Novel

Would you like to read an interesting story of the day when the Negro
race will lead civilization? Then read

The White Man's Burden

By T. SHIRBY HODGE
Published by the Gorham Press, Boston
PRICE $1.00. Postage 6 cents

Can be had at the office of

THE CRISIS, 70 Fifth Avenue

"I have read this book with interest and recommend it to my friends. It
has a fine lesson in its breast which is voiced in the concluding lines 'The :

"
white man's burden is himself.' W. E. B. DuBoiS.

Mention The Crisis

 Nt\\
ALONG THE COLOR LINE
MUSIC AND ART
f~\ N August 6th at the Auditorium-
^' Armory, Atlanta, Ga., the 6th an-
nual Music Festival was held under the
auspices of the Georgia Music Festival.
The soloists were Miss Rachel Walker,
soprano, of Cleveland, Ohio, and Mr.
Roland W. Hayes, tenor, of Boston,
Mass. The director was Mr. Kemper
Harreld of Chicago.
Of the festival, the Atlanta Constitu-
tion says : "There were those present
who had heard Caruso, Anna Case and
other grand opera stars, who hazarded
the statement that the Hayes-Walker
combination was equally pleasing. Hayes
showed unusual control of his voice and
in every song, some of them difficult, he
showed remarkable skill.
"Rachel Walker, who has sung before
rulers of Europe and attracted much at-
tention, easily sustained her reputation
last night. Led by Alice La Cour, a
jubilee singer of many years' experience,
a chorus of more than 100 sang a num-
ber of the Negro melodies and one or
two of the heavier numbers."
CMr. Roland W. Hayes, the justly ad-
mired tenor, filled a number of engage-
ments during the summer that included
Tuskegee Institute, Florence, S. C, and
Washington, D. C. He was assisted by
"his regular accompanist, Mr. Charles J.
Harris, of Boston, Mass.
YOKK
CMme. Anita Patti-Brown, of Chicago,
and Miss Rachel Walker, of Cleve-
111.,
land, Ohio, two soprano soloists of note,
were heard at a concert given during the
supreme session of the Knights of
Phythias which was held at Columbus,
Ohio, August 15-20. Mr. Lois B. Depp
of Springfield, Ohio, and Mr. Leroy H.
Godman, Columbus, Ohio, were the as-
sisting artists.
COn August 6th a party of Negro and
Indian students from Hampton Insti-
tute, Va., gave a concert at Bar Harbor,
Maine, in the villa of Mrs. John S.
Kennedy. Ernest Schelling, the noted
pianist, was among the patrons.
^Musical America mentions a Cradle
Song for violin written by Clarence C.
White as being a welcome addition to
the violin teachers' list of teaching pieces
and as a display of melodic taste and
good knowledge of the violin on the part
of the composer.
CAt the annual recital by pupils of Mrs.
F. H. Snyder at St. Paul, Minn., "The
Jungle Flower," "Almona" and "Night
of Dreams" by H. T. Burleigh were
among the songs presented.
CMiss Sarah May Talbert of Buffalo,
N. Y., a recent graduate of the New
England Conservatory of Music, Boston,
Mass., was heard in an interesting piano
recital on July 16th at St. Paul A. M.
E. Church, St. Louis, Mo. A feature of
the evening was an address by Mrs.
268 THE CRISIS

Mary B. Talbert, on "The Call of the white New Yorker, has just finished a
Hour." complete edition of Phillis Wheatley's
(['The colored people of New Orleans works. The first volume is a biblio-
have just organized the Symphony Or- graphy, the second volume contains her
chestra with 25 members. Mr. Paul poems and letters and the third volume
Beaulieu is President. reproduces six broadsides in facsimile.
C Isaac Hathaway, the sculptor, has Mr. Arthur A. Schomberg who has
several pieces on exhibition at the Pan- helped in this remarkable work will
ama Exposition. write an account of it for The Crisis
([A company in Pensacola, Fla., aims to in the near future.
produce plays of Negro life written by ([The Eighth Infantry of the Illinois
colored people. The first production National Guard under Col. Denison has
will be "The Death Hour." spent a week in camp at Springfield,
Illinois.
([Col. John R. Marshall, formerly the
SOCIAL UPLIFT head of the Eighth Illinois Regiment,
ALICE DUNBAR will devote
MRS.much has been admitted to the civilian camp
of her time to Woman
of the Federal government. At first
Suffrage.
there was some question of color but
C Several Negro communities were de-
thiswas quickly swept aside.
scribed at the recent Business League
([Over 10,000 people gathered at the
convention among them, Titusville, Va.,
;
opening of the Lincoln Jubilee and Ex-
Gouldtown, N. and Mound Bayou,
J., position at Chicago. Governor Dunn of
Miss.
Illinois was the chief speaker and Bishop
([The People's Institute, New York Samuel Fallows presided. Among the
City, has opened a community centre at
other speakers was Dr. J. W. E. Bowen.
Public School 189 which is in a crowded
Music was furnished by a chorus of
district, largely Negro.
1,000 and the Eighth Regiment Band.
([The colored people of Philadelphia
The exposition continued during the first
are opposing the election of Joseph P.
two weeks of September.
Rodgers as district attorney because of
his unfair attitude.
([On motion of the colored alderman,
DePriest, of Chicago, Monday, August
([The National Baptist Convention met
in the Eighth Regiment Armory, Chi-
23d was made a legal holiday in honor
of the Half Century Anniversary of
cago. The strife between the partisans of
President E. C. Morris and Dr. R. H. Negro freedom.
Boyd threatened a serious rift in the or- ([Colored soldiers of Douglas, Arizona,
ganization. have succeeded so far in keeping the
"Birth of a Nation" film from being
([J. Albert Adams, a colored man, has
been elected alderman in the fourth ward shown in the local picture houses. There
in Baltimore. are 900 Negro soldiers and 2,500 white
([The Clara Frye Hospital in Tampa, soldiers in the city at present.
Florida, named for its founder and ([John Sisco, a Negro boy, rescued a
president, is doing a needed work. white girl from drowning in the swollen
([George Edward Cannady, two years Passaic river just at the edge of the
old,appeared in the Irvington, Oregon, eighty foot Great Falls. This is another
mimic floral parade during the Rose reason for intervention in Hayti.
Carnival. He was the only colored child ([The Society of American Indians held
in the parade and moving pictures of him its annual meeting at Kansas University,
were shown in a local theatre and post- Lawrence, Kansas.
cards sold on stands. ([On the opposite page we give two'
([The Mayor and Chief of Police of names Russell Lee of Des Moines,
:

New Haven, Connecticut, have refused Iowa, has made such a remarkable
to permit the "Birth of a Nation" to be record in the public schools that he de-
shown there. An appeal will probably serves especial mention Gwendolyn
;

be taken to the courts. Bennett has been an honor pupil in

([Mr. Charles Frederick Heartman, a Harrisburg, Pa.
 ALONG THE COLOR LINE 269

CALIFORNIA DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA PENNSYLVANIA

CANADA WISCONSIN ARKANSAS
RUSSELL LEE GWENDOLYN BENNETT DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
 ;
270 THE
MEETINGS
'T^HE National Medical Association
* held its seventeenth annual meet-
ing in Chicago with 500 delegates. Dr.
U. G. Dailey of Chicago, a graduate of
Northwestern, was elected president.
©The colored Elks met in Chicago.
CThe United States Order of Odd Fel-
lows, District Grand Lodge, New York,
at their sixth biennial meeting endorsed
Woman Suffrage.
CThe sixteenth annual convention of
the National Negro Business League was
held in Boston with 700 delegates from
30 states. The League elected the fol-
lowing officers Booker T. Washington,
:
President ;Charles Banks, First Vice
President Emmett J. Scott, Secretary
;
J. C. Napier, Chairman of Executive
Committee.
©The fifth biennial convention of the
Grand Boule, Sigma Pi Phi fraternity,
met in St. Louis.
CArthur Holmes, of Jersey City, was
the operator who sent the wireless mes-
sage to President Wilson, on the opening
of the Lincoln Jubilee.
C Governor Walsh of Massachusetts,
made a stirring address at the Business
League convention in Boston.
EDUCATION
T\R. C. G. WOODSON spoke on early
*~* Negro schools at the Tower Hill
Congress, held in Wisconsin.
CThe Georgia attempt to prohibit white
teachers in colored schools failed, but
the Alabama bill is still pending.
CMiss Gladys Caution stood second in
a group of 1,500 applicants at a recent
municipal civil service examination for
playground work in New York City.
Because of her rating her name was
placed on both the New York and
Brooklyn eligible lists and she has been
appointed to the playground at the
Brooklyn end of Brooklyn Bridge.
CEdward Morgan, a colored boy of six-
teen, who graduated from the Newtown
High School of Elmhurst, N. Y., last
June, received a New York University
scholarship and a silver medal. He was
president of his class.
CThe twelfth annual session of the
National Association of Teachers in
CRISIS
Colored Schools has been held in Cin-
cinnati. Teachers from 25 states were
in attendance and John Hope of Atlanta,
Ga., was elected president. The meeting
was unusually successful and marked a
great advance on former gatherings.
CC. M. Baxter, a resident of Redlands,
Cal., has left a third of his estate valued
at $53,000 to the American Missionary-
Society of New York for educating "the
colored people who have been so wicked-
ly oppressed."
CMack Mullen of California, left $30,-
000 to a school for colored youth at
Okolona, Mississippi, of which Wallace
A. Battle is president.
CThe Wilberforcians, a Washington
organization of former Wilberforce
students, is petitioning with Bishops'
Council of the A. M. E. Church to
modernize the university and make it the
central institution of the church.
CThe colored club women of Alabama
propose to a reformatory for
start
colored Two
acres for the school
girls.
were donated by Miss Cornelia Bowen
at their recent session. Several years
ago these same women started a reform-
atory for colored boys, which the state
has since taken over.
C Colored people of Philadelphia are
still fighting the Board of Education to
prevent segregation in the schools and a
change of curriculum designed to effect
the Negro schools alone and train ser-
vants and laborers.
C Virginia has twelve colored public
high schools of which two have four
year courses. Twenty-six private schools
enroll the following students forty-six:
in professional courses fifty-two in col-
;
lege three hundred and twenty-three
;
normal, 1,606 high school pupils and
3,141 grammar school pupils, a total of
5,442 students under 292 teachers. The
colored school population of the State is
217,760; the enrollment 151,373; the
seating capacity of the school houses,
106,191.
m
ECONOMICS
r
I ' HE Grand Lodge of colored Masons
A of Alabama collected $156,912 last
year chiefly for endowment insurance.
CExperts from the Department of Edu-
cation of the Federal government will

ALONG THE COLOR LINE
conduct a state wide survey in Delaware
along social lines and will also include
the Negro problem in their work.
CTen years ago there were only about
25 Negro farmers in Colorado and some
75 farm laborers. In May 1910 Negroes
began moving in and now in Wells
County 60 colored families have 15,000
acres, and in eastern and southern Colo-
rado there are some 500 colored fami-
lies on farms and 2,000 farm laborers.
A prosperous Negro town known as the
Deerfield Settlement is being built up.
CThe year book of the Standard Life
Insurance Company shows gross assets
of $135,068 a reserve fund of $22,545
;
capital fully paid in of $1,000;
stock
cash income during 1914, $69,025 and
$1,205,000 worth of insurance in force
December 31st, 1914.
PERSONAL
T> OBERT N. WOODof New York
City is seriously ill.
C Charlotte Yorke was for 44 years a
worker at the Colored Orphan Asylum
of New York City. She began work
.
there as assistant nurse at the age of 17
years and at her death had been house-
keeper for 30 years.
CThe Rev. William Madison of Mont-
gomery, Ala., has just finished raising
$50,000 to pay for his church.
CW. C. Handy, the Negro composer of
the celebrated "Memphis Blues" has re-
cently put on the market the "Hesitation
Blues" which bids fair to outrival his
former work. Handy is leader of a band
in Memphis, Tenn.
CMr. James D. Corrothers, the
known Church
poet, has left the Baptist
and become pastor of the Second Pres-
byterian Church of West Chester, Penn-
sylvania.
CThe body of thelate Dr. M. C. B.
Mason lay in state in Cincinnati at the
time of his funeral and was viewed by
hundreds of white and colored citizens.
Bishop Hartzel delivered the eulogy.
CMr. R. C. Bruce, assistant superin-
tendent of schools of the District of
Columbia, still continues seriously ill
from his recent automobile accident.
CM. W. Bullock, the former football
star of Dartmouth, gives up his Atlanta
;
271
law practice to teach at the A. and M.
College, Normal, Alabama.
CThomas Wallace Swann, secretary of
the Lincoln Exposition at Chicago, has
been dismissed under charges.
C President M. W. Dogan of Wiley
University was brutally assaulted by
white soldiers as he was passing through
Texas City to rescue his family from the
Galveston flood. He was finally rescued
by his chauffeur whom the soldiers
thought was white.
CThe Rev. C. W. Mossell, a prominent
African M. E. minister of Baltimore and
brother of Dr. N. F. Mossell, is dead.
FOREIGN
T}R MAJOLA AGBEBI, D.D., Ph.D.,
*-^ has been elected president of the
Communion of African Churches in
West Africa, director of the Niger Bap-
tistUnion and chairman of the confer-
ence of Yoruba Baptist Churches. He
is a fine scholar and one of the most
forceful men in Africa.
CJohn G. Russell, a former member of
the Clef Club, New York City, has en-
listed in the British army.
C Major Charles Young and Major Wil-
son Ballard have aided Prof. Frederick
Starr of Chicago University, in getting
together the Liberian exhibit for the
Lincoln Exposition, in Chicago.
C Mayor Wilson Ballard of the Liberian
frontier force has resigned after three
years' service and has been succeeded by
Major William F. York. Capt. E. T.
Hawkins has resigned and returned to
the United States. Young colored men
well of education, military training and physi-
cal fitness can secure appointment to
this force by writing Major Charles
Young, at Monrovia.
C Further details have come to us con-
cerning the concessions made to colored
people in the Danish West Indies. Mr.
Abraham Smith is not a member of the
Danish legislation but Crown member of
the legislation of St. Thomas. There are
three such members of the Colonial
Council of St. Croix today, Messrs.
Pretto, Levy and McFarlane. There
have been formerly colored members of
the Council elected by popular vote but
never before have colored men been ap-

272 THE
HAYTI
pointed by the Crown. Hitherto, the
white political bosses of St. Croix have
held all the financial, industrial, com-
mercial and political power. They have
even controlled the governor. The
colored people finally awoke from their
stupor and sent M. B. H. Jackson, a
young man of 32, direct to Denmark and
demanded of the King the removal of
certain officials whose conduct in office
had long been a scandal. The result was
that three white Crown members were
replaced by colored men. Mr. Pretto is
a merchant Mr. Levy, a farmer and Mr.
; mere technical wrong by men driven
McFarlane one of the best carpenters
and builders in the island.
C"I have received a letter from , protested, not against the Haitiens, but
THE UPRISING IN HAYTI: RELATIVES
a
CRISIS
describing the murders by the late Presi-
dent Guillaume, his own part in helping
one of the victims, and describing the
act of the frenzied mob, two hundred of
whose sons, brothers, and fathers had
been butchered in prison, in dragging the
murderers from the consulates where
they had taken refuge. And now, he
says, American bullets are killing un-
armed and quiet citizens. Such violation
of the consulates as occurred is, of
course, a matter for apology by the gov-
ernment no attache being assaulted
; —
wild by the massacre of their friends and
relations. The German Legation has
BEARING AWAY THEIR DEAD
 :
ALONG THE COLOR LINE
against the action of the Americans. I-
enclose for your information clipping
from the Nouvelliste of the 7th inst.
"The capitalist interests of different
countries are steadily stirring up revolu-
tions, so called for the purpose of gain-
ing large concessions from the leaders
aided and then coining them into money
by display of force against the succeed-
ing governments.
"We might, by fair, equitable dealing,
bind the people in Haiti to us in friendly
relation."
THE GHETTO
A MEMPHIS policeman shot a
•*
colored woman who refused to
halt when he called her. The patrol
wagon which came at his call refused to
take her in because the wagon was new
and they did not want it "all blooded
up." Meantime the woman lay in the
alleyand bled to death. Three policemen
have been suspended during an "investi-
gation" of the affair.
C Clarke L. Smith, a colored lawyer of
Baltimore, has bought a house in a
"white" block on McCulloh street. It
happens that the house is on the corner
and has always had a Presstman street
number. Presstmen street is colored.
Hence wild excitement among Smith's
white neighbors.
CThe "Colored Relief Committee"
writes from Texas City, Texas
"The undersigned Committee repre-
sents (500) five hundred colored people,
who have just emerged from one of the
greatest storms in the history of this
town ; many
are without shelter or
household goods. In the face of all this,
our race alone were made prisoners and
forced to work on the streets five days
under United States soldiers at the point
of a gun. Men were separated from
their families.About two hundred were
guarded one room and were
at night in
compelled to sleep on a wet floor with-
out anything to sleep on. Many were
sick. The men were forced to work in
the rain, and offtimes the guards forced
them to get in ditches waist deep."
C Colored tax-payers of Jacksonville,
Florida, stopped the sale of school bonds
because no provision had been made for
273
colored schools. This action forced some
consideration from the whites.
THE COURTS
ATTORNEY C. S. SUTTON has
* secured $50 damages for Charles
S. Hackley against a restaurant in Cleve-
land, Ohio, which refused to serve Mr.
Hackley.
CC. A. Jones, a colored attorney of Los
Angeles, has recovered judgment for
$100 in the case of T. A. Cole against a
restaurant keeper who refused service.
([The Supreme Court of the District
of Columbia has summoned the officers
of the Grand Lodge of colored Pythians
for contempt because they refused to
recognize the Virginia Grand Lodge at
theirColumbus, Ohio, session.
([The "Birth of a Nation" was stopped
by the Mayor of Pittsburgh but per-
mitted by the courts.
CRIME
CHAWNEE, OKLA., Edward Berry,
^ suspected of criminal assault.
([A man named Fox was hanged near
Tunnel Springs, Alabama. He shot an
officer.
([In Tennessee, two Negro murderers
were hanged at a picnic, at which politi-
cal and religious speeches were made.
([Two men charged with poisoning
mules were lynched at Hult, Alabama.
([An old man, John Riggins, accused of
assault was killed by a mob at Bain-
bridge, Georgia.
([Will Leach, accused of assault, was
lynched at Dade City, Florida.
([King Richmond and Joe Richmond
burned at the stake at Sulphur Springs,
Tex. they had killed a sheriff and his
;
deputy.
(I An unidentified man, who fled from
the room of a planter's daughter, was
lynched at Coushatta, Louisiana.
(I On Friday, August 6th, seven Negroes
were hanged and two lynched in four
southern states. In Mississippi the hang-
ing of two Negroes was made a public
festival and 8,000 people including 1,500
women were brought in on excursion
trains.
 MEN OF
THE
MINNESOTA
MONTH OKLAHOMA
A JUDGE IN ISRAEL ceived a common school education and
A/T IFFL1N WISTAR GIBBS died re- eventually became a carpenter and
-1 -"-"-
cently in Arkansas at the remark- builder. As a young man he was con-
ableage of ninety-two. Judge Gibbs nected with the Underground Railroad
was a man of strength and influence. and finally went to California with the
He was born in Philadelphia in 1823, re- "Forty-Niners." There the white me-

THE LATE S. B. ALLEN THE LATE M. W. GIBBS

 MEN OF THE MONTH 275

chanics kept him from working at his
trade but he went into the clothing busi-
ness and was a member of the California
conventions of 1854, '55 and '57. In
1858 Mr. Gibbs went to British Colum-
bia and set up as a merchant. Here he
read law and eventually turned up in the
law department of Oberlin College
where he was graduated in 1870. He
toured the southern states, especially
Florida, where his brother was Secre-
tary of State and at last settled in Little
Rock, Arkansas, where he was admitted
to the Bar. Here he served as County
Attorney and as City Judge. In 1871 he
became Register of the United States
Land Office and was a delegate at large
to the Republican National Conventions
for ten years. President McKinley ap-
pointed him consul to Tamatave, Mada-
gascar, where he served until 1901.
Since that time Judge Gibbs has per-
formed no active work although he has
been interested in the business develop-
ment of the colored people in various
ways.
Reddick, these two bodies representing
more than 300,000 Negroes were united
into one. An onlooker says: "I have not
seen such yielding on points great and
small for the sake of harmony for a long
time and I consider it most significant."
Mr. Reddick was born in Randolph
County, Georgia, in 1868. Until he was
twenty he had had only five months of
school. At the age of twenty-one he
entered Morehouse College, Atlanta,
Georgia, and went through high school
and college. Graduating in the spring of
1897 he founded that fall Americus In-
stitute at Americus, Georgia, and there
he still works. He began with two
teachers in a two-room building on two
acres of land, and last year had fourteen
teachers and seven buildings on seven
acres of land. The school is now valued
at $40,000.
Mr. Reddick is the President of the
Georgia Association of Teachers in
Colored Schools and is a clean, far-
sighted man. He has been made the
firstpresident of the new General Mis-
sionary Baptist Convention of Georgia.

A CITY MAYOR
CAMUEL BLAINE ALLEN, who
died recently, was born in slavery
at Lewisburg, Virginia, in 1842. At the
beginning of the war he went to Galli-
polis, Ohio, and secured work as barber
and boat steward. He married in 1861
and is survived by two children, Edward
and Blanche.
In 1881 he took his family to Rend-
ville, Ohio, a prosperous mining town
where he acquired considerable property
and became proprietor of a hotel and
barber shop. Ten years later he was
elected mayor
of this city. In 1893 he
went Corning where he built a restau-
to
rant and finally returned to Middleport
where he built a new "Hotel Allen."
He was a man of unusual honesty and
business tact and gained the respect of
his neighbors, white and black.

A PEACE MAKER
"D ECENTLY two colored Baptist
•*^" conventions, which had maintained
a separate existence for twenty-two
years, met in Georgia. Chiefly through
the efforts of one man, the Rev. M. W. RliV. M, W. REDUICK
 : : : :
OPINIONS
FRANK
savagery The outcry against Georgia
for the lynching of Leo
Frank and for lawlessness in general has
been tremendous and so voluminous that
we can only indicate it in a very general
way. The New Republic says :
"We shall have to be charitable to
Georgia, as we are to Haiti or the more
primitive Balkan states. We shall have
to recognize that here is a people suffer-
ing from slavery, from a false recon-
struction, from too sudden contact with
a higher civilization. It has self-govern-
ment, though it is not yet fit for it. Only
a small section of its people have risen
to the normal civilization of the Western
world. The rest are primitive, unedu-
cated, burdened with a citizenship which
is more than they are capable of. The
state needs schools, it needs protection
against itself, it needs the guidance of
comparatively more advanced people.
The true comment on the Frank case is
to be kind and forbearing and helpful to
Georgia. There may come a time when
it will be ready to act as a self-respectiir;
member of the American Union."
. The New York Gall says
"This bit of Kuklux-Klannism is not
the first that has ever disgraced the name
of Georgia, nor the first in recent years.
This sort of outrage upon justice has
been happening every day since emanci-
pation."
The Outlook calls the act a "reversion
to savagery."
The Cbicago Tribune says
"The south is backward. shames
It
the United States by illiteracy and in-
competence. Its hill men and poor
whites, its masses of feared and bullied
blacks, its ignorant and violant politi-
cians, its rotten industrial conditions, and
its rotten social ideas exist in circum-
stances which disgrace the United States
in the thought of Americans and in the
opinion of foreigners."
Even the Montgomery Advertiser
turns upon its sister state
—
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
"The time has come for the Great Seal
of the State of Georgia to be taken down
and broken. It bears the words 'Wis-
dom, Justice, Moderation.' The history
of Georgia for the past two years has
given the lie to its promise. There is
neither Wisdom, Justice or Moderation
in mob law and Georgia is the State of
mob law."
The Milwaukee Free Press adds
"It is time that this folly came to an
end. Statistics prove that not 3 per cent.
of Negro lynchings are for the crime of
rape. Statistics prove that southern
whites are the rape-fiends and not the
blacks. The truth is and it should be
driven home to every fool who applauds
'Dixie'— -the tune that was played to dis-
rupt the Union and conserve slavery
that Negroes are lynched for the pettiest
of crimes to satisfy the racial venom and
blood-lust of their former masters.
"And then this rot about the dangers
of miscegenation! Who is responsible
for the mixture of Caucasian and Ethi-
opian blood in the country, the Negro or
the southern white? Not one light-
colored black in 5,000 is the result of a
Negro's design on a white woman. The
light-colored black, with scarcely an ex-
ception, dates his ancestry to the lust of
some southern white master, who did not
 : :
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
hesitate to make the creature he bought
and sold as an animal the mother of his
children. '
"So much for the southern hypocrisy
that prates of miscegenation to justify
its crimes."
The Boston Traveler
refers to "the in-
herent savagery of Georgia."
Dr. Aked of San Francisco says
"The stories of the Mayor of Atlanta
about the manhood of Georgia avenging
the womanhood of Georgia can be dis-
missed with a single word of contempt.
The age of consent in Georgia is 10
years, but what is the use of trying to
laud the defense of womanhood in a
state where they have such laws as
break down the future womanhood by
permitting mere babes to work in their
factories?
"We lie in defense of our flag
we say that we burn at the stake a
for the honor of our womanhood. In
such acts we have shown a hatred, a
venomous hatred for common decency."
The Boston Traveler writes
"In this crowning demonstration' of
her inherent savagery Georgia stands re-
vealed before the world in her naked,
barbarian brutality. She is a shame and
a disgrace to the other states of the
Union, who are powerless in the matter
of humane justice to put upon her the
corrective punishment her crimes de-
serve. But the consciences of the Ameri-
can people are not so callous as those of
the Georgians, who sanction by silence
or take part in such crimes against fel-
low-beings, black and white. And to the
degree that a humane public can rebuke
OPINIONS 277
NEW JERSEY OKLAHOMA
the state of Georgia by refusing to have
any part of her unholy peoples' products
they will do so. Anything made or
grown in Georgia will bear a sinister
brand and be suggestive of lynchings and
burnings and especially of this brutal
murder of Frank, and it ought to be and
doubtless will be left untouched. The
only way in which Georgia can be made
to feel the shudder of horror which is
sweeping the country and the utter con-
tempt in which she is held by the rest
of the nation, is by a deliberate boycott
of Georgia-grown and Georgia-made
—
goods peaches, cotton, or whatever else
bears the stamp of the so-called 'Empire
"
State of the South.'
This same paper adds later:
"One of those popular society events
for which Georgia is so notorious has
when just been celebrated in Temple, Texas,
man where a mob of 10,000 frenzied men and
women roasted a Negro to death in the
public square. The victim was one of
a party of accused Negroes who had told
conflicting stories regarding a crime
which had been committed in the neigh-
borhood. Whether or not he was guilty
of the crime of which he was accused,
certainly the 10,000 men and women who
roasted him to death in the public square
were guilty of a blood-lusting fiendish-
ness that must bring a sense of shame
to every self-respecting American citi-
zen. In this Texas community where
the laws are made and enforced entirely
by white persons, and where it would be
impossible for a Negro to escape any de-
gree of legal punishment the white
judges and juries sought to impose upon

278
GEORGIA
him, he must still be made the victim of
Judge Lynch and submitted to a torture
such as no other so-called civilized peo-
ples inflict on human beings. In contrast
to the kicking and cursing of the mob as
it dragged the victim to his funeral pyre,
the report of the murderfest states that
the Negro met his fate calmly and stoic-
ally."
m The Charleston News and Courier
REAL REASONS
the Many writers do not fail to
economic see that lynchings and law-
motif lessness rest on theft.
the white editor of the Eliza-
beth City (N. C), Independent says:
"The Georgia temperament is the pro-
duct of race hatred and religious bigotry.
Back of both is business. It is good
business in Georgia to hold the Negro
and the Jew, and lately the Roman
Catholic, in contempt. So long as the
landlords and the merchants can keep
the Negro down, they can keep the poor
white man down; if the landlords and
the merchants can keep the Jew down,
they can make more business for them-
selves, the Jew being a formidable com-
petitor; and then if the landlords and the
merchants can keep the riff-raff busy be-
tween times roasting Roman Catholics,
the mediocre middle class and lower
class folks will have little time to watch
the antics of their law makers and Mr.
Landlord and Mr. Merchant may run
things to the Glory of God and the ex-
pansion of their bank accounts. Georgia
churches and the Georgia newspapers
are the servile tools of Georgia land-
lords and Georgia store keepers. And
:
THE CRISIS
COLORADO NEBRASKA
wherever business rules, be it in Penn-
sylvania, New Jersey, West Virginia,
Colorado o'r Georgia, there is always hell
to pay. A
public conscience warped for
a hundred years in the sole interest of
business may be expected to yet do
worse things than exile a governor, raid
a penitentiary and lynch a Jew. And it
will."
boldly ackowledges the sole interest
which the South has in Negroes
"The Negro is here because the South-
As ern farmer needs him. Why does not
the Southern farmer insist that the edu-
cation provided for the Negro shall be
of a kind calculated to increase the
latter's usefulness as a laborer?"
The Pittsburgh Leader adds this tren-
chant word:
"There is the whole bald case against
the Negro citizen. The reason for his
disfranchisement. He is of tremendous
economic value to the South because he
does almost all the work in the South.
Take the Negro worker out of the South
and there would be a barren stretch of
geography.
"The average Negro citizen of the
South is not much of a thinker. He
doesn't think much. But he has thought
enough to know that he ought to have
a vote.
"He has not yet connected his eco-
nomic value with the political franchise,
but he knows he works and he knows he
wants the franchise. He doesn't know
that the man who does the work, makes
the wealth, the man who is of economic
value, ought to have a voice in the affairs
 : :
OPINIONS
DISTRICT OF COLUM3IA FLORIDA
of government, at least enough to vote.
"There the white man of the South
differs irreconcilably with the black man.
He is willing, and anxious, even forcible,
that the black man do the work, but he
must not have anything to say about the
government of himself. He must leave
that to the white man.
' And when he
doesn't take that view of it the white
man refuses to allow him to vote."
The Tulsa (Okla.) 6" tar shows how
they do the thing in that state
"In Oklahoma we have thousands of
wealthy Negro children whose incomes
amount to from $500 to $8,000 a month.
This money, of course, is handled by
guardians appointed by the county courts
of Oklahoma. The guardians are al-
lowed 10 per cent, of the amount of
money his ward is worth in cash or prop-
erty, and they usually use the minor's
money in a way to make many times this
commission. As a result there are hun-
dreds of white men in this state who
have become rich from the wealth of
Negro children because it is a recog-
; philanthropy and one hundred per cent.
nized fact that the county judges invari-
ably appoint white men as guardians of
Negro children where there is any great
—
amount of money involved, sometimes
very often overlooking the children's
natural guardian and protector the —
parent, whatever the parent's qualifica-
tions. And no white man has ever been
known to refuse the guardianship of a
wealthy Negro child, however pro-
nounced his hatred or prejudice for the
Negro race. Nor has any white man
been found who would be as fair and
impartial in his treatment of his Negro
279
NORTH DAKOTA
wards as he would of white minors
whose money he handles. Oklahoma is
full of graft, but the biggest game of
graft in the state today is the guardian-
ship graft which is manipulated today by
unscrupulous white men, aided by the
county courts. A prominent example of
the graft of Negro guardianship money
was shown recently in Muskogee when
Bob Fite, a white man who has openly
manifested his prejudice against the
race, through the white guardianship of
Sarah Rector, probably the wealthiest
girl in Oklahoma, and the county court,
sold his building on South Second street
in Muskogee to the Rector girl for the
extortionate sum of $57,000. The build-
ing was a white elephant on Fite's hands
and he used his pull with the white
guardian of this Negro girl to load it off
on her."
This kind of theft runs through the
world. For instance, at Kikiku, Central
Africa, we have, according to James
Barnes, this beautiful way of combining
"As soon as a native who paid cash
for everything, either as an advance or
for services rendered, he hastened hot-
foot to the company's stores and bought
anything from a harmonica to a second-
hand gold-braided uniform, and as the
profit in these articles ran from a hun-
dred to two hundred and fifty per cent.,
it can easily be seen where the money-
trees come in. The man who had brought
in ivory was paid for it in cash, at a rate
that insured a profit of about one hun-
dred and fifty per cent., and immediately
he repaired to the store where he bought

280 THE
NORTH CAROLINA DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
things he had no use for, giving another
profit of cent, per cent, at least. The
money was sent from the store to the
company's offices, where the native was
paid for carrying the ivory on the first
stage of its long journey to the coast;
the money received was the same that
had been paid for the ivory in the first
place, and the bearer would surely come
back and spend his wages at the store
again.
"It was a lovely system, and the only
real chance for loss was the wear and
tear on the money itself, and the expense
of bookkeeping. If the native demanded
an extra price for ivory or labor, there
was very little trouble made over it, the
extra cost was added to the articles in
the store."
Of course some hasten to say that this
world poverty of black folk is proof of
their inferiority to the keen and re-
sourceful white Thief ; but as Grace
Potter puts it in the New Review:
"The fundamental teaching of Social-
ism should prevent the error that 'the
economic condition of a race indicates its
endowment of talent.' Does not history
show that races mentally and spiritually
superior have often been enslaved by
other races, more ferocious and more ag-
gressive than they? But do ferocity and
aggressiveness indicate talent? And if
the subordinate economic position of a
race indicates, as Mrs. Raymond main-
tains, its inferior talent, why does not
the subordinate economic position of the
working class indicate its inferior talent?
Did Marx's economic position, when he
was getting five dollars for a weekly
: :
CRISIS
KENTUCKY
letter to the New YorkTribune, measure
Marx's talent? One K. Ches-
recalls G.
terton's characterization of the statement
that the successful man is the superior
one. Chesterton calls it briefly the 'ulti-
mate lie and all they who utter it ulti-
"
mate liars.'
THE NEGRO BUSINESS LEAGUE
mr. wash- The meeting
of the Negro
ington's Business League at Boston
leadership has called forth much
favorable opinion. The
Boston Transcript in a strong editorial
speaks of Mr. B. T. Washington its
President as "a powerful magnet attract-
ing the energy of thought and applause
of a very large audience." It continues
"President Washington would be the
last man in the world to promote a com-
mercial league such as this to the neglect
of the educational and other phases of
the colored people's development. Right-
ly convinced as he is that a sound eco-
nomic basis is essential to the progress
of any great race, he seeks economic de-
velopment for the gain, not the neglect
of the other desiderata. He battles, as
he would have this league battle, for eco-
nomic prosperity, confident that the
other things will be added to it. Accord-
ingly he is not afraid to put his young
men and women into the training shops
before he sends them to dancing school,
to teach them the plain things of life be-
fore he permits the pretentious."
The venerable Frank B. Sanborn
brought perhaps the one, clear word of
warning to the League when he said
 : !
OPINIONS
MASSACHUSETTS NORTH DAKOTA
"I see that you have made friends
with 'the mammon of unrighteousness,'
as the Scriptures advise; you have accu-
mulated capital, as you ought. But an
accumulation of capital is often a vehicle
for unrighteousness rather than for
righteousness. For instance, there came
to Boston a few months ago a moving
picture play, the 'Birth of a Nation,' in
which your race was libelled and history
perverted. But it took in money day by
day and week by week, it expended thou-
sands of dollars in one way and another,
and so prompted unrighteousness that
the Boston newspapers, with one or two
exceptions, kept silence about its libels
and perversions. That was capital un-
righteously used."
HAYTI
comparative In the discussion of the
civilization Haytian embroglio there
is less cock-sure race "su-
periority" shown than usual, for as the
Ithaca (N. Y.) Nezvs says:
"While the black men of Haiti have
not given the world a very illuminating
example of the capacity of the Negro for
self-government, in view of the present
devastating struggle in Europe it be-
hooves the white race to sing small about
his superior culture and civilization.
Looking the matter over, up one side and
down the other, the Caucasian hasn't
much to brag about."
The Springfield Republican adds
"The Negro citizens of the United
States are much concerned in the solu-
tion of the Haytian question, inasmuch
281
GEORGIA
as Hayti is a Negro republic. They en-
tertain a peculiar racial sympathy with
the principle of Haytian independence,
and it is hoped that no final steps
to be
will be taken by the President without
consulting the best informed and most
intelligent Negro opinion in the United
States. Dr. Du Bois's suggestion to the
President that an American commission,
including one or more eminent American
Negroes, be sent to Hayti to study its
problems and report on the future rela-
tions between the two countries may
have great value in the present crisis.
The Haytian minister at Washington
need not be gravely apprehensive. No
one in the United States desires the an-
nexation of Hayti. Certainly its sover-
eignty may be preserved."
Of course, it takes a white Georgia
paper, the Atlanta Journal, with a fine
big sarcastic wave of the hand to put us
right. Hoke Smith's organ informs us:
"The future of the Black Republic is
dubious. The soul of its liberator, Tous-
saint L'Ouverture, whose heroism in-
spired Byron to write of 'the eternal
spirit of the chainless mind' has found
no memory in the generations that fol-
lowed him. The people cannot govern
themselves. They must be controlled in
the interest of America and civilization."
If the "civilization" is to be of the
Georgia type may the good Lord deliver
Hayti from it
MISCELLANEOUS
"The race and color question raised in
the French Chamber of Deputies a week
282 THE
WASHINGTON DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
ago by the bill of the Negro Deputy M.
Diagne, representing Senegal, providing
for the extension of general compulsory
military service in France to colonial
municipalities whose inhabitants enjoy
French citizenship, was presented in
numerous new lights and complications
at the session of the Chamber this after-
noon.
"The question of how to apportion a
pension in cases of polygamist Senegal-
ese leaving several widows proved a
poser for the Deputies.
'The Minister of War and the Mili-
tary Committee of the Chamber ap-
proved the general provisions of the
Diagne bill, which provide for the in-
corporation with the regular French
forces of the Senegalese subject to com-
pulsory service. The action of the com-
mittee was immediately attacked by
Deputy Labroue, who pictured the diffi-
culties arising from the presence in the
French Army of soldiers unable to speak
French and of different religious and
social customs. Deputy Labroue also
raised the question of confusion in the
payment of pensions to the widows of
polygamous Senegalese. He proposed
an amendment providing for the incor-
poration of such troops in native regi-
ments, entitled to pensions and the other
rights of French citizens.
"The speaker was frequently inter-
rupted by protests from the Negro
Deputies Diagne, Lagrosilliere of Mar-
tinique and Candace and Boisneuf of
Guadeloupe, Lagrosilliere crying amid
frantic applause : 'Our fellow-citizens
CRISIS
INDIANA
ask only to be allowed to serve the
mother country, for whom they already
have poured out their blood.'
"Paul Deschanel, President of the
Chamber, was forced to quell the tumult
by declaring that the entire Chamber felt
'the same respect and the same love for
all, whatever their race or religion, who
are fighting under the folds of the tri-
colored flag.'
"Deputy Diagne said that the widows
of ought to receive pensions,
soldiers
even when there were several but he ;
added 'Native soldiers are not as rich
:
as the average French soldier, who is
also poor and, therefore, has only one
wife. Polygamy is a luxury of wealth.'
"Alexander Millerand, Minister of
War, said the Diagne bill seemed to meet
the wishes of a majority of the Colonials
and urged its passage. The bill was
passed without change." New York —
Times.
"A recent tendency will have been
noticed by close observers in the Craft,
causing a revision of opinions as to Free-
masonry among the Negroes in the
United States. There is a growing con-
viction, both North and South, that these
men of another race are within their
rights in seeking the benefits of the fra-
ternity. It is also found that the better
and more intelligent colored men do not
desire, because of Masonic membership,
to force themselves into Lodges of the
whites, or to mix in any way with white
Masons. They ask only to be allowed,
with some sort of recognition of their
regularity, to work out their own Ma-
 — :
OPINIONS
BRITISH COLUMBIA LOUISIANA
sonic problems, and to make use of the
fraternity for their own betterment. The
American doctrine of exclusive jurisdic-
tion stands in the way to prevent recog-
nition. But it seems likely, now that the
subject is being approached in a conser-
vative though sympathetic manner, that
the jurisprudents of the Craft will find
a satisfactory way to surmount the diffi-
culty. Itshould be remembered, also,
that 'exclusive jurisdiction' is a latter-
day and a purely American doctrine, and
not an immovable Masonic landmark."
American Free Mason, Iowa.
"The parade of the colored Knights of
Pythias was the climax of the spectacu-
lar in connection with the national en-
campment of that order. It was in all
respects worthy of the order and of the
race, and may be taken as a striking
illustration of the aspirations and the
possibilities of the race. The Negro
leaders are grateful for the encourage-
ment they have received in the creation
of this really great order, with state com-
manderies in 27 of the 48 states and a
certain extension into others. They feel
that it has given them a new grip upon
their people and added materially to the
means of bringing them into a better
citizenship. This is no doubt true. A
fraternal order of the kind cannot fail to
educate, to systematize and to give new
and better ideals of character and con-
duct. It has done so with white people.
Why should it not do the same with
colored? Besides, in this organization,
the colored people are getting something
of that military training, the need of
—
283
NEW YORK
which is now everywhere so much em-
phasized.
"The knights have borne themselves
well in Columbus, and have deserved the
welcome that was given to them."-
Columbus (Ohio) Evening Dispatch.
RACE PREJUDICE
A story An unusually striking
and bold
portrayal of the effect of race
prejudice is the story by Norman Dun-
can in the June number of Harper's
Monthly, called "A Hypothetical Case."
We cannot forbear from quoting this at
length
"Instantly the nigger was in flight. It
was a chase. And the situation was by
this divested of every serious aspect. It
was a game. The nigger was now no
longer like a masterless dog. He was
more like a child pursued for its own
enjoyment. He chuckled, he gasped, he
laughed, he shrieked, and all the while
he sped a joyous and amazingly elusive
—
course dodging and plunging and
squirming over the moonlit beach. It
was excellent sport —
excellent! The
Key West boys delighted in it; so did
the nigger and the moon gazed amiably
;
upon the happy spectacle. But the nig-
ger was altogether too elusive. His
escape began to savor too much of tri-
umph. The boys lost breath and tem-
; —
per the laughter fell away it was pres-
ently a grim and purposeful chase. And
the nigger was alarmed by the silence
and new fervor of the pursuit. In a
 — —
284 THE CRISIS

MONTANA OHIO NEW JERSEY

panic he rushed Mercer's interposition calamity had fallen suddenly ; and Mer-
with the aim of rounding the point and cer was struggling to release his right
vanishing from annoyance. hand for a specific purpose having to do
"It was a blunder. The nigger should with the weapon under the breast of his
of course, have permitted himself to be shirt. And the nigger divined what that
caught. And he was both stupid and purpose was.
clumsy. He stumbled against Mercer, "Thus it happened that in a quick
and the boy, flashing into rage, struck wrench Mercer chanced to bring the nig-
him in the face. ger's knuckles against his own cheek.
" 'Doan' hit me, boss !'
the nigger " 'Heme!' the boy screamed. He
hit
pleaded. 'Ah didn't mean nothin.' He was confused. 'He hit me!' he cried
—
was frightened now with cause. again.
"Mercer struck at the nigger again. A "It was an honest conviction. The boy
—
blow the blow of a boy's fist is a small — was no weakling liar.
thing. The nigger should have taken it,
rubbed the pain out of the bruise, and
grinned. A nigger would in-
sensible
" 'Ah —ah— ah'll tu'n yo' loose, boss,'
the nigger stammered, 'jes' 's soon 's
stinctively have done so and a clever
;

—
nigger a nigger that knew which side
yo' gits ca'm.' It was softly spoken the
:

his bread was buttered on a sly old — nigger might have been addressing a
—
stager would have turned the other
naughty child. 'Yassa, boss —yassa. Ah
cheek. Instead, the nigger caught the — ah promise ah will.'
boy's wrist —and the blow failed. It was "It is a practical world. Obviously a
error. The nigger might with propriety masterless nigger may not with impu-
have dodged the blow, but should not, in nity restrain a spirited white boy. Tra-
his own defense, have laid hands on the dition, custom, and expediency forbid it.
wrist of a white boy of quality. Restraint of this sort not only humiliates
—
"There was a pause of astonishment the white boy, and discountenances the
on Mercer's part, of appalling terror on superior race, but disposes the nigger—
the nigger's. In an overwhelming access and all other niggers —
to saucy behavior.

of fury Mercer struck swiftly with his
clenched left hand. This blow, also, was
stopped. And now the nigger held the
boy's hands both imprisoned. It was a
mortal, blunder. He should even then
Practised in the presence of others, it is
a monstrously aggravated affront. This
nigger was aware of his offense, and
acutely aware of his peril. Mercer was
free to kill him. It was a question for

—
while there was yet time have dropped Mercer's sense of propriety perhaps, — But the
the hands and chanced salvation. Any too, for his conception of duty.
nio-ger should know enough for this. But nigger must not kill Mercer. He might
this nigger was flustered with fear. The easily have done so; and had the boy
 :
; —
OPINIONS 285

—
been black armed,' as Mercer was, and narrative, indeed, he gave himself
—
savagely bent the nigger would not he was used to calling 'a little bit
what
the
have hesitated. But nothing could ex- worst of it.' It was his custom.
cuse the outrage of Mercer's death at the "The elder man listened, and ques-
hands of a nigger. Damage to Mercer's tioned, and deliberated. There was a
feelings was enormity enough for any long, troubled interval Mercer's father
nigger to answer for. The boy must not was horrified and aghast. This thing
be hurt in his person not so much as — that his sonhad done was ugly. There

" 'Boss,'
******
inadvertently scratched or bruised.

the nigger whispered, 'ah'm

was no escaping the horror and ugliness
of it. A proper thing?— but ugly and
dreadful. Mercer's father groaned. He
goin' t' tu'n yo' loose.' began pace the moonlit veranda.
to
"Mercer s heart leaped a little.
of action took more definite form as to
plan A What should he say to save the boy? —
He talked, then, a long, long time.
its detail. But he gave no sign of this.
"In this fashion:
" 'Is yo' ready, boss ?' the
nigger qua-
vered.
T'm sorry. I wish it hadn't hap-
"

pened. It's horrible. You can't

"Other tragedies may at that moment . . .

kill a nigger and forget it. I know that.

have been approaching each its separate
crisis on Cocoanut Key —
little tragedies
.

.
.

.
Gud help you Oh, God help you
.

But look here, son we mustn't be

.
! !

of the underbrush and grass and sand ;

sentimental. Let's get at the rights of

a thousand little deaths dealt out to the
inferior by the strong. But there was
this ghastly thing. The nigger struck
no sound of them abroad neither in the — you, you say?
else
I can't see, then, what

you could have done. He struck

shadows nor under the moon. Nor, as
the nigger slowly released Mercer, was
you. He—struck you! . . .And we
there any noise of a nearing climax in his
live down
here with them. There . . .

case. It was done silently. Water laved

wasn't anything else to do. Nothing
the sand, and the wind went playing past nothing It's horrible. But there wasn't
!

but otherwise it was all still and placid anything else to do. Nobody but . . .

on the crescent of white beach. The nig- Jimmie and Reggie there? There'll be
ger backed swiftly off. He stood, then, no scandal, then, thank God Son, ! . . .

tensely crouched, his hands lifted and

put the whole thing out of your mind, f i

spread, as if to fend off death. His at- you can. Don't brood. Don't fall into
titude was alert —
neither abject nor
the habit of accusing yourself. What's
—
menacing but intently expectant. It
to be gained by that? And of course
vou'll say nothing to your mother about
was as though he confronted some ma-
lignant peril of nature —
a threat beyond
it. She wouldn't understand. And she'd
grieve, poor little woman Good
control or any cunning manipulation. ! . . .

He was helpless he was taking his one night.'

;

"
'Good night, dad,' Mercer responded,
chance there was nothing else for him
to do.
;

brokenly. 'You're you're mighty — —

"And Mercer

"Back
****** shot him where he

Key West, Mercer, as a duti-

in
stood. good to me.'
" 'You'll
while, I'm afraid.'
not be very happy for a

ful son, now being in bitter conflict with " 'No, sir.'
his conscience, made a clean breast of " 'Good night.'
all dreadful business to his father.
this " 7 would have been ashamed of my-
It was a dreadful business. Mercer self,' Mercer sobbed a sudden violent
knew it. He loathed himself. His story protest against his horrible fate, 'if I
was an intimate recital of the deed and hadn't done it!' —
the feeling of that night on the moonlit " 'I understand.'
crescent of beach. Mercer did not spare " 'Good night, sir.'
himself. He was not that sort. In his " 'God bless you, son.' "
 "THE DROP
SINISTER"
WHEN picture
this
was exhibited
striking Arm
at the New York sCt UQ fill Ifttli t« OUT I

Academy of Design a year or

so ago it attracted great atten- aftetwlitosess
tion. There was a crowd con-
tinually around it. A part of
the crowd did not understand
it. "What does it mean?" they
asked. Another part pretended
that they understood it. "It is
miscegenation," they croaked.
Lest, therefore, the crowd sur-
rounding this page of The
Crisis should misunderstand
this message and The Crisis
should figure again in Con-
gress as daring to picture white
and black folk together, we
hasten to explain.
The people in this picture
are all "colored;" that is to
say the ancestors of all of them
two or three generations ago
numbered among them full-
blooded Negroes. These "color-
ed" folk married and brought
to the world a little golden-
haired child; today they pause
for a moment and sit aghast
when they think of this child's
future.
What
is she? A Negro?
No, she is "white."
But is she white?
The United States Census
says she is a "Negro."
What earthly difference does
it make what she is, so long as
she grows up a good, true,
capable woman? But her
chances for doing this are
small
Why?
Because 90,000,000 of her
neighbors, good, Christian,
noble, civilized people, are
going to insult her, seek to
ruin her and slam the door of
opportunity in her face the
moment they discover "The
Drop Sinister."
 'THE DROP SINISTER"
||r the Painting by Harry W. Watrous Copyrighted by The Crisis
288 THE CRISIS

EDITORIAL
Parents and Children
AS our children are today so will be our race a generation hence.
/-X The children of today will be the men and women, the
fathers and mothers and teachers and bread winners then.
What kind of men and women, what kind of parents and teachers
and bread winners will they be ? That depends upon what the men
and women of today are doing or what they are not doing with the
children of today. For what they are doing or what they are not
doing are the fateful dual factors which will determine the character
and destiny of those children, and the character and destiny of the
race. One generation sows the seeds of character and conduct, of
success or failure and the succeeding generation reaps the harvest.
No generation has yet in the history of the world escaped the
operation of this law of cause and effect. It has always been so

and it will always be so. It is a law of nature, a law which is

inseparable from and controls all growth and decline, all human
success and failure.
!^* W* t^*

WHAT, law
we make of our children today an everlasting
then,
make of our race a generation hence. If we strive
will
earnestly to make them Puritan in morals and German in
efficiency and English in love of liberty, there will be no baffling
Negro problem a generation hence. For these children of ours
will beat all the evil forces in America which are fighting against
the race, and will win for their children a secure place in the sun.
In the battle of life they will survive because they will be fit, because
they will be strong. The weak and the unfit who are fighting
against them will fail, will ultimately be overcome. The untrained
mind and the untrained hand are no match in the long run, in the
struggle for existence, in the battle for bread with the trained mind
and the trained hand. And it matters not whether it is a struggle
for land or a battle for liberty. For both land and liberty will go
in the end to the victors, and there is no power of race prejudice in
the American Democracy and Christianity and Civilization to prevent
their going where they belong. The transfer of them may be
retarded for a season by bad and unequal laws and by bad and
unequal social and industrial conditions, made by the weak and the
unfit to protect themselves against the slow but irresistible pressure
 EDITORIAL 289

THE HONORABLE ARCHIBALD HENRY GRIMKE

Born at Charleston, S. C, 1849; graduated at Lincoln University
1870 and at the Harvard Law School, 1874. Formerly special
writer on the Boston Herald and Boston Traveler ; trustee of the
Westboro Insane Asylum U. S. Consul to Santo Domingo. At
;

present, President of the American Negro Academy, the Fred-

erick Douglas Memorial and Historical Association and of the
District of Columbia Branch of the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People, the largest branch in the Asso-
ciation. Author of a life of William Lloyd Garrison, a life of
Charles Sumner and various pamphlets.
290 THE CRISIS

and advance of the morally strong, of the industrially fit, but that is

all. For the race that is morally strong, industrially fit will ulti-

mately obtain all that it is entitled to whether of land or of liberty.

(^* w* t^*

MEANTIME we, the men and women of today, have our

work, the most vital, constructive and sacred work ever com-
mitted to the hands of any race, namely the doing with our :

might, with all the earnestness and energy and intelligence of which

we are capable, first to make of ourselves an example to our children

in character and efficiency, and second to make these children better

than we are — stronger in all the qualities of mind and body which
make races succeed, which enable men to rise superior to adverse
circumstances, and to get and to keep what belongs to them whether
of rights or of riches. Do we care for pleasure more than for rights,
do we value more what we wear than what we are, do we hunger
and thirst for what is spectacular and sensational and transient in our
American civilization and in the life above us rather than for right-
eousness, for progress of the spirit, for the enduring verities and vir-
tues which alone make races great, then by our treasonable conduct
and example we are preparing for the future a race of weaklings,
moral and social degenerates, who if they have to struggle with
strong rivals will perish, and, peradventure, they have to strive with
weak and unfit competitors, will fall together with them into a state
of social and industrial collapse of a civilization unworthy to survive.

(<?• t^* !*?*

fathersand mothers and teachers, oh! colored men and

OH!women, who are not fathers and mothers and teachers,
listen: —You have in your hands the making or the marring
of a race. Which shall it be? Will you by your example, by your
acts of commission or of omission help or hinder the great work of
making the Negroes of the United States fit a generation hence?
Fate is knocking for answer at your doors. As ye do to-day fate
will do to yours a generation hence. Would you have the race
strong, sure to survive in America, then train the children of to-day
in the solid, homely and manly virtues, in temperance and moral
purity and honesty and industry and thrift, in conquest of appetite
and passion, in stern courage to face and fight wrong and in self
sacrificing devotion to duty and liberty.

^W^^^^^^2^^^^'
 EDITORIAL 291

OKLAHOMA TENNESSEE NEW JERSEY

HAYTI stead of Graft. WRITE NOW and let

HE United States has vio- the Editor of The Crisis have a copy of
lated the independence your letter.

of a sister state. With

absolutely no adequate THE BLACK FRANKS
excuse she has made a N my little summer retreat
white American Admiral in the Jersey Hills I am-
sole and irresponsible dictator of Hayti. reached by the horrified
The anarchy in Hayti is no worse than outcry against the mur-
the anarchy in the United States at the dererswho lynched Leo
time of our Civil War, and not as great M. Frank, a white Geor-
as the anarchy today in Europe. The gian.
lynching and murder in Port-au-Prince I want to assure you and your readers
is no worse than, if as bad as, the lynch- that I am fully in accord with all those
ing in Georgia. Hayti can, and will, who now condemn the Georgia mob law.
work out her destiny and is more But as a white man of the Jewish race
civilized today than Texas. I am somewhat more consistent than the

Here, then, is the outrage of uninvited prominent people who now express their
American intervention, the shooting and indignation so vehemently against the
disarming of peaceful Haytian citizens, "lower element" of Georgia whose prej-
the seizure of public funds, the veiled, udices were inflamed by designing agi-
but deliberate design to alienate Haytian tators.

territory at theMole St. Nicholas, and How about the inflamed passions in
the pushing of the monopoly claims of the thousands of cases where Negroes,
an American corporation which holds a men and women, were murdered by
filched, if not a fraudulent railway char- lynching mobs, generally even without
ter. SHAME ON AMERICA! And the chance of a trial? And not only in
what are we ten million Negroes going Georgia, the home of Tom Watson, but
to do about it? Can you not at least do in many other states? Are Negroes not
this? Write to President Wilson and also human beings entitled to the full

protest; ask for a distinct, honest state- benefits of civilization? Why get excit-

ment of our purposes in Hayti and an ed only over the Frank case, and not
American Commission of white and col- equally over the many Negro cases?
ored men to point the way of Honor in- Why should the press not give as much
292 THE CRISIS

PHILIPPINES COLORADO LOUISIANA

space to the outrages against Negroes as her in her study and investigation. The
it devotes to the Frank case? Is it a result was Lincoln's Dream, a scenario
case of class psychology and race prej- depicting the sorrows and cruelties of
udice only? slavery, the bravery of the Negro in the
Perhaps Leo Frank, in his death, may Civil War, and his heroic efforts to edu-
serve the cause of social justice by call- cate himself for his new freedom during
ing attention to the real influences that reconstruction. Of course, the play does
stand back of the revolting injustice not tell everything that we should like to

under which our colored brothers and have told. It would take a reel that
sisters are suffering so terribly. would stretch from New York to Cal-
Moses Oppenheimer. ifornia to do that. Moreover, much that
The Crisis brings to the attention of its

readers the general public will listen to.

LINCOLN'S DREAM"
N the N. A. A. C. P. notes
But just as New York audiences, in the

month is the an- fifties, found themselves, to their amaze-

for this
nouncement of a new ment, breathlessly sympathetic with the

moving-picture play, Negro as they watched Eliza crossing

Lincoln's Dream. Cri- the ice, so New York audiences as they

sis readers will be in- watch Lincoln's Dream will find them-

terested to hear of the manner in which selves — but that's telling the story.

this play came to be written. There are many of us who wish that
Miss Elaine Sterne, author of the the past of slavery might be forgotten.
play, while one of the youngest is one of But until North and South cease to
the most brilliant of scenario writers. In apologize or excuse slavery, our younger
two years fifty of her scenarios have generation needs to know it as it really

been accepted. Last winter she went to was. Somost fitting that after
it is

see "The Birth of a Nation" and while "The Birth of a Nation" which repre-
appreciating the artistic value of the pro- sents the Civil War as a meaningless

duction she questioned seriously whether "scrap" between two groups of states,
ittruly depicted the Negro in the nation. we should have a moving-picture that
With her to question was to act. She gives the true significance of the greatest
went to Washington and there met many revolution of the modern world.
prominent colored people who directed M. W. O.
 VIRGINIA
THE NIGGER"
/^PINION differs in regard to "The
^-^ Nigger." It was prohibited in New
Bedford where the Mayor revoked the
license, acting at the request of the Min-
isters' Union, and it was also forbidden
in Providence, Newport and other cities.
In Des Moines, Iowa, a committee from
our branch who viewed the picture at an
advance performance decided that there
was nothing in it as shown which would
make it possible to bring action under
the theatre ordinance. In Springfield.
O., where it was being shown without
the elimination of certain objectionable
scenes, our branch complained to the
censors and these scenes were cut out.
Word comes from our branch in
Quincy, 111., that the picture will not be
produced there. In Evansville, Ind.,
owing to protests, the period of produc-
tion was shortened by two days.
"LINCOLN'S DREAM"
rT* HE Association takes great pleasure
A in telling its many members and
friends that a new scenario dealing with
slavery, the Civil War and the period of
Reconstruction, will shortly be produced.
"Lincoln's Dream" is by Miss Elaine
Sterne, one of the leading writers of
moving pieture plays in this country:
Her viewpoint is thoroughly sympathetic
to the Negro. The photo-play will be
brought out by the Universal Film Com-
pany.
m
MEETINGS
f\N
^^
August 29 the St. Paul Branch
held a public testimonial for Dr.
P. P. Womer who resigned as pastor of
the Plymouth Congregational Church of
St. Paul to become President of Wash-
burn College at Topeka, Kan. Dr.
Womer has been a staunch supporter
and member of the Association since its
organization and his loss will be keenly
felt by the branch.
Miss Caroline M. Dexter, addressed
the Colored Branch of the Young Men's
Christian Association, New York City,
on "World Brotherhood," August 29.
In Chicago, on September 10, Judge
Robert McMurdy addressed the Wom-
an's Convention, auxiliary to the Nation-
al Baptist Convention, on the work of
the N. A. A. C. P.
OUR PROPAGANDA
r
| ' III", summer brings a short needed
-* rest to many of our N. A. A. C.
P. workers. But wherever they go they
carry with them our propaganda. So
genuine is their zeal that we know they
must make converts to our cause for ;
whether they travel north or south, east
or west, they will preach the doctrine of
equality of opportunity for all men.
 THE CRISIS

PRIZE CONTEST FOR

N.A.A.C. P.

BRANCHES and LOCALS

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People offers the
following prizes to its Branches and Locals:

GENERAL PRIZES
To each Branch or Local remitting to the Treasurer of the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People, Oswald Garrison Villard, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York City,
cash representing memberships in the Association and subscriptions to THE CRISIS ranging in
amount from $50 to $500, a library of books on the race question valued at from $5 to $50,
and a silver loving cup suitably inscribed will be donated; this library and loving cup are to be
given by the successful Branch or Local to a person in their membership whom they may
select. The selection of titles of books is to be made by the individual thus named.

The details of this contest are as follows:

Each Branch or Local remitting not less than $50 and under $100 in memberships and
subscriptions will receive a library valued at $5 and a loving cup.
Each Branch or Local remitting not less than $100 and under $200 in memberships and
subscriptions will receive a library valued at $10 and a loving cup.
Each Branch or Local remitting not less than $200 and under $300 in memberships and
subscriptions will receive a library valued at $20 and a loving cup.
Each Branch or Local remitting not less than $300 and under $400 in memberships and
subscriptions will receive a library valued at $30 and a loving cup.
Each Branch or Local remitting not less than $400 and under $500 in memberships and
subscriptions will receive a library valued at $40 and a loving cup.
Each Branch or Local remitting $500 or more in memberships and subscriptions will re-
ceive a library valued at $50 and a loving cup.

GRAND PRIZE
To the Branch or Local remitting to the Treasurer of the National Association for the Ad-
vancement of Colored People, Oswald Garrison Villard, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York City, the
largest net amount in Association memberships and CRISIS subscriptions^ scholarship of $200
for the year 1916-17 in any American institution for higher education (i.e., above High School
grade) to which the candidate chosen is eligible; the candidate, boy or girl, is to be selected

by the successful Branch or Local on the basis of character and scholarship. In case of a tie

a scholarship of $200 will be given each of the contesting Branches or Locals who are tied.
Only new memberships and new subscribers will be counted in this contest. No branch
can receive more than one of the general prizes. The contest opens September 1st and closes
November 28th, 1915. .

Results will be published in full in THE CRISIS, and detailed instructions are being mailed to

all Branches and Locals. No returns will be received at the National Office after November 28th.
Sunday, November 21st is designated as BROTHERHOOD DAY, on which Branches are
requested to announce results of the work locally, and to bring the work of the National Asso-
ciation and its organ, THE CRISIS, to the attention of their communities by services in churches
of all denominations.
Address all communications to the office of the National Association for the Advancement
of Colored People. Room 518. 70 Fifth Avenue, New York.
 : :
N. A. A. C. P.
"BIRTH OF A NATION"
HP HE people concerned in the business
-*•
of presenting "The Birth of a
Nation" throughout the United States
must realize by this time that a watchful
organization is giving them a good deal
of trouble. During August, we have re-
ceived from our branches the following
"Birth of a Nation" news
In Oakland, Cal., the colored people
have shown a vigorous opposition to this
film and for a time it seemed likely that
they would prevent its production. Our
last news is that the film is being shown,
with, however, many objectionable fea-
tures cut out.
In Tacoma the members of the branch
with the assistance of many other high-
minded citizens, succeeded on August 11,
in securing from the City Council an
ordinance which should make it possible
to prohibit such plays as "The Birth of
a Nation," "The Clansman," and like
plays. The ordinance is as follows
"It shall be unlawful for any person,
firm or corporation to publicly show or
THE VERDICT
295
exhibit in any place in the City of Taco-
ma, any picture or series of pictures by
any device known as a mutescope, kin-
etoscope, cinematograph, kinemacolor,
penny arcade, a moving picture, or any
vaudeville act, drama, play, theatrical
song, or stage or platform performance,
or any advertisement or bill board dis-
play which is or tends to be immoral, ob-
scene, lewd, lascivious, or of any inde-
cent character, or which portrays brutal-
ity, or which tends to incite race riot, or
race hatred, or that shall represent or
purport to represent any hanging, lynch-
ing, burning or placing in a position of
ignominy of any human being, the same
being incited by race hatred."
The branch in Portland, Ore., con-
tinues in its efforts against the film.
Mrs. E. D. Cannady, Secretary of the
branch, wrote several articles to the daily
papers against the play, articles which
were featured in the Daily Oregonian
and the Journal. This city, by the way,
does not permit Thomas Dixon's books
in its library.
296
In Ohio where our six branches have
been energetic in their opposition to "The
Birth of a Nation" and "The Nigger,"
film men have given up their fight to
force a Fall election by use of the refer-
endum by which they had hoped to oust
the State Board of Censors which has
decided against both these plays.
Government by Injunction:
When the highest public official of the
city decides against the production of a
play as immoral it is yet quite possible
for the business interests to override this
decision. This was the case in Chicago
where, by the use of an injunction, "The
Birth of a Nation" was reeled out night
after night and the Mayor was powerless
to assert his authority. The same thing
has happened in Pittsburgh and in At-
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
FOLK LITERATURE OF THE NEGRO
g| By A. O.
T F we accept the theory that folk liter-
A ature is a method through which
primitive man and savage races attempt
to clothe their impressions of the uni-
verse, their ideas and their beliefs in a
romantic garb, we can find among the
native people of Africa and their de-
scendants in America a great mass of
this literature in an oral form that may
be grouped as stories, riddles, proverbs,
poetry and music.
Written results in this little
field of investigation have come prin-
cipally from the labors of German,
THE ICRISIS
lantic City where the managers of
theatres have obtained temporary in-
junctions against the city officials, who
had forbidden the production of the play.
A Badly Wounded Foe:
While the N. A. A. C. P. has failed
to kill "The Birth of a Nation," it has at
least succeeded in wounding it. As it is
given in some of our cities the latter half
has been so cut, so many portions of
scenes have been eliminated, that it is a
mere succession of pictures, sometimes
ridiculous in their inability to tell a co-
herent story. We trust that such an
artistic producer as Mr. Griffith may
never again make the mistake of choos-
ing an iniquitous story as a medium for
his genius, or as a quick method of
accumulating- a fortune.
STAFFORD g
French an$ English missionaries. One
of the earliest works appeared in 1854
under Jtne title of "African Native Liter-
ature'* from the pen of the Rev. S. W.
Koelle, a German missionary, who made
a deep study of several African lan-
guages. Since then scores of books
treating of the folk literature of East,
West and South Africa have been
printed.
No attempt has been made in these
known collections to give a literary touch to the
native folk tales. Selections of stories
based on interest, arranged with regard
 : ;
FOLK LITERATURE OF THE NEGRO
to literary form and adapted to the taste
of the general reader are details yet to
be worked out. An examination of this
literature will result in a classification
and an interpretation somewhat along
the following line
The stories are divided into three
classes, (a) fables or stories of animals
(b) fairy tales or stories that contain
something marvellous and supernatural,
the object of which is less to instruct
than to entertain ;and (c) sagas or
stories of native heroes intended to be
believed.
The fables or animal stories are ex-
ceedingly rich in number and in interest.
Through them we learn how the African
explains the ways and peculiarities of
animals, for example, why the dog, cat,
goat and fowls live with men, why the
hyena is greedy, the cause of his peculiar
cry and the reason his left hind foot
seems shorter and smaller than the right
one. Incidents of animal adventure and
animal wisdom are told that explain
from the native's point of view the skin
markings of the leopard, the hyena and
the jackal, why bats fly at night, the rea-
son rats hide in holes, why baboons walk
on all fours, why the upper lip of rabbits
is slit, the reason lions creep upon their
prey, why the deer coughs, why the
spider is flat and why his waist is small,
why the elephant's tusks protrude, why
the tortoise's shell is rough and scarred,
why the heron's neck is bent, why the
hawk kills chickens along with a vast
number of other characteristics of beasts
and birds.
The constant telling of these fables
among the Africans has produced a cer-
tain mental bias in explaining the ways
of life. There is scarcely a saying
among them but what is founded upon
something that an animal was seen to do
at one time or another. In their popular
assemblies or palavers fables are fre-
quently cited as a basis for a proper
mode of thought and action.
These fables fall into three groups,
each with a different hero. In one we
find the tortoise, in another the spider
and in a third the rabbit as the chief
actor.
The jackal, ascribed in no wise to
equal the rabbit in shrewdness, plays a
leading part in some of the fables of
297
South Africa, but the group is not large
enough to be considered a cycle with this
animal as a typical hero.
The student of African fables is fre-
quently struck with the similarity that
the "Just So" stories of Kipling bear to
them. This, of course, is only incidental
as the "Just So" type of story is common
in the folk-lore of all countries.
With the coming of the Negro to
America he brought with him his ani-
mal stories which survive today in the
tortoise fables of Brazil, the anancy
stories of the West Indies and the Uncle
Remus tales of our Southern States.
The West Indian group gets its name
from an African word, ANANSE,
which means spider, and the other from
—
a fictitious character an old colored
man of the plantation class —
a creation
of Joel Chandler Harris, who is repre-
sented as telling innumerable animal
stories to a little white boy.
The tortoise, while a subordinate char-
acter to the spider in the anancy and the
rabbit in the Uncle Remus stories, fails
to play the conspicuous part in his
American as in his African home,
nevertheless shows at all times unsus-
pected ability and shrewdness of char-
acter.
The spider, very cunning and at times
with a touch of viciousness in his nature,
is the hero of the West Indian anancy
fables, while the rabbit, always clever
and full of laughable pranks, is the chief
actor in the Uncle Remus group.
It is interesting to note that in Bud-
dha's "Jataka" that store house of beast
wisdom of ancient India, the rabbit is
considered wise and clever. In the pop-
ular mind of America, his exploits and
victories far surpass those of any other
animal hero created by the genius of the
Negro story teller. Due to the magic
touch of Harris, this little animal has be-
come immortal with the fictitious beast
heroes of all time.
Animal stories, as told in Africa, dif-
fer somewhat from those heard in
America. The genuine African fable,
though filled with adventure and humor-
ous situations, generally conclude in ex-
plaining the ways cf the animals and
their physical peculiarities. In the
American version are described mainly
the contests of the tortoise and spider
298
with their foes and the daring pranks of
the rabbit with the wolf, the fox, the
bear and other animal acquaintances, all
of which end generally with an amusing
and exciting victory for the smaller and
weaker creature.
In all of these fables we see the weak-
estand most harmless of creatures over-
come the strong and mighty. The Ne-
gro story teller whether in Africa or in
America, makes wit and cleverness tri-
umph over brute force in
world.
Do we find here a key to the Negro's
philosophy and methods of action in
dealing with his present-day problems?
"In these fables are displayed," ob-
serves a white missionary of sixteen
years' experience in the African field,
"no small share of close observation,
lively imagination and extraordinary
shrewdness of character." *
The next class of stories in
literature are those similar to our
ern fairy tales. A
careful examination
of these stories of wonder discloses all
the marvellous ideas common in fairy
lore, such as the magic birth of the hero
or heroine, magic rods, magic mirrors,
magic spears, magic drums, friendly and
rogue animals, animal transformation,
similar to the wolf superstition, beast
marriages, the clever youngest son or
daughter, the tree as a life token, inani-
mate objects that help the hero and vari-
ous forms of taboo. In them are found
also good and bad spirits, the wizard and
the witch, the dwarf changling and chil-
dren of mixed mortal and fairy birth.
Stories of this class were brought by
the Negro to America modified, of
course, by his changed environment.
In Lafcadio Hearn's West Indian
story"Youma," his "Two Years in the
French West Indies," in Alcee Fortier's
"Louisiana Folk Tales," in Charles W.
Chesnutt's "The Conjure Woman," in
Mary A. Owen's "Voodoo Tales," and in
Edward Mott's "The Black Homer of
Jimtown," we get survivals of these
African fairy tales.
In all climes and in all a^es there have
been men who have won the admiration
* T. Leighton Wilson
Africa (1856) p. 32.
THE CRISIS
of their fellows for deeds of valor in
the hunt, in war, or for wisdom in times
of peace. Of these heroes tribal poets
have sung and story tellers have ideal-
ized, blending, as is usual in such cases,
fact with fancy.
In Africa stories of the hero or saga
type exist in numbers that are surprising
to those unfamiliar with the folk tales
of that continent.
The missionary collections previously
the animal cited contain many hero stories, not at
all lacking in beauty and poetic charm.
J. Leighton Wilson, the well known
African missionary, wrote, many years
ago, in this connection, referring to one
group of natives "They have inex-
:
haustible stores of ancestral traditions
and fabulous stories, some of which if
embodied in suitable language would
bear comparison with the most celebrat-
ed novels and romances that have ever
been presented to the world." *
this folk
Similar conditions did not arise in
mod- America among the Negroes to make
possible the perpetuation of the saga
form of story, though in the dramatic
tale of Bras-Coupe found in George W.
Cable's novel of Creole life in Louisiana,
"The Grandissimes" we get a glimpse of
the African hero type reflected in an
American setting.
A surprisingnumber of riddles is
known among the native children who
derive great amusement and often the
older people find in them an excellent
way for passing many a social hour.
While these riddles are quite short and
often nothing but a game or play with
words they indicate close observation
and an ingenious turn of mind.
A perfect store house of proverbs has
also been found. The best book dealing
with these proverbs is perhaps Sir. R.
F. Burton's "Wit and Wisdom from
West Africa," which contains over two
thousand proverbs, idioms and enigmas
of the West African Negro. They dis-
close the fact that there is scarcely an
object presented to the eye, scarcely an
idea excited in the mind but it is ac-
companied by some sententious aphor-
ism founded on a close observance of
men and manners and in many cases of a
decidedly moral tendency.
in Western
* Western Africa, p. 457.
 FOLK LITERATURE OF THE NEGRO
In America much of the wisdom of
the colored race is frequently heard in
the pithy sayings of the unlettered class,
for example, note the keen analysis of
human nature as revealed in the planta-
tion proverbs of Uncle Remus.
Poetry among- the Africans is always
sung or chanted as is usual with primi-
tive races. While there is not much
rhyme, a great deal of repetition, alliter-
ation and rhythm are heard in this
poetry.
In songs of love, death, war, hunting
and religion (appeal to some higher
spirit or spirits) the native African ex-
presses his emotional life. These songs
are rendered usually in a wierd melody
accompanied by a rhythmical clapping
of hands. They are generally in a
minor key.
These people are the easiest extempo-
rizers, even the children find no difficulty
in producing an extemporaneous song.
To accompany his stories, songs and
dances the African has developed many
types of musical instruments. In the
Metropolitan Museum of Art in New
York City, are shown three hundred
specimens of these types which are
grouped in four classes, (1) string, (2)
wind, (3) vibrating membranes and (4)
sonorous substances.
In the first class are seen instruments
of the harp, lute, lyre and viol type; the
flute, reed and horn type are in the sec-
ond the drum and tambourine type in
; Negro with his vivid power of descrip-
the third, while in the fourth class are
seen the bell, cymbal, xylophone and
rattle type of musical instrument.
In America it is well known that the
Negro has shown an intuitive quickness
in handling musical instruments of all
kinds, one of which he developed in the
slavery period —
the banjo.
Though in Africa poetry is sung or
chanted in heroic, martial, idyllic, comic,
and religious forms, conditions in
satiric
American slavery fostered mainly the
survival of
the religious popularity
known today as Negro spirituals or plan-
tation melodies.
299
"There is no parallel instance," says
Col. Higginson, "of an oppressed race
thus sustained by the religious sentiment
alone these songs are but the vocal ex-
;
pression of the simplicity of their faith
and the sublimity of their long resigna-
tion." *
Later progress of the American Negro
in the field ofmusic, especially in recent
years, with its distinctive characteristics
is not a survival from the folk music of
his ancestors but rather a development
of a temperamental tendency under con-
ditions of American freedom.
Through the zeal of professional story
tellers, manyof whom display narrative
powers of a high order, the folk liter-
ature of Africa is carried from village to
village. By voice, facial expression,
gesture and the accompaniment of in-
struments, especially the drum, they de-
velop the dramatic situations of the
story in a manner that never fails to im-
press the assembled audiences.
In this country, during the slavery
period, the one literary opportunity for
the slave of the soil was the telling of
folk stories.
Comparing this form of literature
with that of other races we find that in
many of the fables, fairy tales and hero
stories occur the same types of character
and peculiar incidents that are common
in all folk tales wherever found modi-
fied, of course, by the personality of the
tion, an imagination that weaves into the
stories his own fanciful ideas and that
rich and refreshing humor so character-
istic of him which delights by its sudden
turns of situation.
Perhaps, by means of a later culture
within the race, its folk literature may
be collected, arranged and given a liter-
ary polish that will reveal to future gen-
erations its poetical and imaginative
charm, its delightful pleasantry and its
shrewd and kindly philosophy.
* Army Life in A Black Regiment
(1870) p. 222.
 THE CRISIS

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ILLINOIS ILLINOIS

ALABAMA DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA TEXAS
ILLINOIS KENTUCKY DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
 HOW THE SPIDER^ WON 301

How the Spider Won and

Lost Nzambi's Daughter
A Negro Folk Tale After Dennett; from
the collection by M. N. Work

^KJ ZAMBI, the goddess who dwelt

-^ upon earth, had
beautifula
daughter. Nzambi vowed that no earth-
ly being should marry her daughter un-
less he first brought the heavenly fire
from Nzambi Mpungu, who dwelt in the
heavens above the blue roof. Now, the
daughter was very beautiful and the
people marvelled saying, "How shall we
secure this treasure, and who on such
conditions will ever marry her?"
Then the spider said, "I will win
Nzambi's daughter if you will help me."
And they all answered, "We will gladly
help you if you will reward us." The
spider than began to travel upward until
he reached the blue roof of heaven. He
then dropped down again to the earth,
leaving a strong silken thread firmly
ILLINOIS
hanging from the roof to the earth be-
low. He now called the tortoise, the And the tortoise went down and soon
woodpecker, the rat and the sand-fly and returned with the bamboos.
bade them climb up the thread to the Then Mpungu said to the rat, "Get
roof. They did so. Then the wood- thee beneath this bundle of bamboos and
pecker pecked a hole through the blue I will set fire to it; then if you escape, \
roof and they all entered the realm of shall surely know that Nzambi sent
Nzambi Mpungu, the god of the heavens. you."
Nzambi Mpungu received them court- The he was bidden. Mpun-
rat did as
eously and asked them what they want- gu bamboos, and lo, when
set fire to the
ed. They answered him saying, "Oh, they were entirely consumed, the rat
Nzambi Mpungu, of the heavens above, came forth from amidst the ashes un-
great father of all the world, we have harmed.
come to fetch some of your terrible fire "You are, indeed," said Mpungu,
for Nzambi, who rules upon earth." "what you represent yourselves to be. I
"Wait here, then," said Mpungu, will go and consult my people again."
"while I go to my people and tell them The sand-fly was again sent after
of the message you bring." Mpungu and bidden to keep well out of
But the sand-fly, unseen, accompanied sight, to hear all that was said, and, if
Mpungu and heard all that he said. Then possible, to find out where the fire, that
Mpungu returned to the visitors and is the lightning, was kept. He soon
said, "My friends, how can I know that came back and related all that he had
.

you have come from the ruler of

really heard and seen.
the earth and that you are not impos- Then Mpungu returned to them and
ters?" said, "Yes, I will give you the fire you
"Put us to some test," they said, "that ask for if you will tell me where it is
we may prove our sincerity to you." kept."
"I will," said Mpungu. "Go down to Andthe spider said, "Give me then,
your earth and bring me a bundle of O, Nzambi Mpungu, one of the five
bamboos that I may make myself a cases that you keep in the fowl house."
shed." "Truly," said Mpungu. "You have
302 THE CRISIS

answered me correctly, O
spider.
therefore, this case and give it to
bi, who rules upon earth."
The tortoise carried it down to the
earth and the spider presented the fire
from heaven to Nzambi and N'zambi
gave the spider her beautiful daughter
in marriage.
But the woodpecker grumbled and
said,"Surely the woman is mine, for it
Take "Nay, O, Nzambi," said the sand-fly,
Nzam- "the girl should certainly be mine, for
without my help the others would never
have found out where the fire was kept."
Then Nzambi said, "Nay, the spider
undertook to bring me the fire and has
brought it. The girl by right is his, but
as you will make her life miserable if I
allow her to live with the spider and as
I cannot give her to all of you, I will

was I who pecked the hole through the give her to none, but instead I will give
blue roof, without which the others each of you her market value."
could never have entered the kingdom Nzambi then paid each of them fifty
of Nzambi Mpungu." bolts of cloth and a cask of gin, but the
"Yes," said the rat, "but see how I daughter ever after remained unmarried
risked my life among the burning bam- and waited on her mother.
boos. The girl, I think, should be mine."

TEXAS

WHAT TO
]V/f ISS ROSE STRUNSKY'S "Abra-
^ .
ham
Lincoln" (Macmillan) is a
book which colored people ought to buy
and read because it straightens out so
frankly and ruthlessly so many of our
misapprehensions about Lincoln. We
can best give Miss Strunsky's portrait
from her own words in the New Review.
"If we are really to apply the policies of
Lincoln to the problems of to-day, then it is
high time to place in truthful and critical
order just what these policies were and what
READ
their significance. In this matter of emanci-
pation of the Negroes from slavery and his
conception of what was to be their role in
the social and political life of America, it is
especially necessary that his true attitude be
given, for on no phase of Lincoln's career
has there been so much fable and popular
dictum accumulated as upon this. The pic-
ture of Lincoln looking out upon space with
sad and loving eyes, his right hand out-
stretched presenting the Emancipation Pro-
clamation, his left resting tenderly upon the
 WHAT TO READ
COLORADO COLORADO
head of a newly-freed and grateful slave
kneeling at his feet, can no longer be satis-
factory.
" 'A veil of melancholy' might indeed have
rested on his face and his eyes be 'sad and
loving,' but his acts were hesitant, compro-
mising and without any faith in the ultimate
benefit of that Emancipation Proclamation
which we have always pictured him as hold-
ing so gladly and firmly in that eager out-
stretched hand
"That does not mean to say that Lincoln
was not sincere in his opposition to the in-
stitution of slavery, but it means that he was
not an abolitionist, nor that he had the same
hopes and desires for the black race as he
had for the white. Being against Negro
slavery for the white man's reason, he was
not only ready to compromise with the in-
stitution itself, but was also ready to com-
promise with the principles that underlay it.
Not only did he not want to disturb slavery
in the states where that 'institution' already
existed, but he did not Avant the Negroes to
ILLINOIS GEORGIA
303
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
live in freedom side by side with the whites
in the newterritories for which he was fight-
ing. He could not conceive of the two races
enjoying the same political and social pri-
vileges. His democracy was a white man's
democracy."
m
TV/I R. T. SHIRBY HODGE has writ-
"*
ten a satirical novel "The White
Man's Burden." In it he pictures black
folk triumphing over whites by thought
and invention rather than brute force.
The book has a fine lesson in its breast
which is voiced in these lines "The:
white man's burden is himself."
The students of Howard University
publish annually a book called "Nike"
with statistics of the senior class, pic-
tures of the university, etc. The 1915
publication, under E .no R. M. An-
drews, is unusually creditable and inter-
esting.
INDIANA
 !

304 THE CRISIS

COLORADO ILLINOIS MARYLAND

Mr. L. M. Hershaw publishes a good independently as referring to colored

summary of the facts and law and court girls,to girls in Hawaii and to white
decisions as to peonage among southern Workers in Pennsylvania "On the
:

Negroes. whole I think the girls we have reached

are coming to feel that it is respectable
to be married before their babies are
Among other pamphlets which have born." Miss Blascoer concludes that
come to us are the following: Dr. S. M. the women of all the races are very
Steward on the "Woman
in Medicine" much alike.
with a of thirty-five colored women
list Thomas H. B. Walker sends us "The
in medicine. Presidents of Liberia" with illustrations.
Miss Frances Blascoer on the colored The New York State Commission to
school children in New York. She has the Virginia Exposition sends us eight
an excellent summary of the moral con- booklets with pictures and statistics got-
ditions among colored girls and shows ten up for distribution at the Exposi-
how one phrase has been repeated quite tion.

THE BLACK MAN'S SOUL

By JAMES D. CORROTHERS
Dedicated to the boys of Downington School

That he brought what long, long yearn-

A curious giant came, years ago,
ing brings:
Blind and black, down the Valley of
Woe. Dream- Voice of a crooning race was he,
Untutored, and groping in primal night, God's hint of a beauty yet to be
He fondled the harp, with a child's de- For I know, by a glimpse of his lyric
light. scroll,
God's hint That beauty dwells in the black man's
"Blind Tom," the Musician !

was he soul.

Of a mystical music still to be.

the
I am sure, through that melodic surge An Orator came, and he thrilled

and roll. heart

That music lives in the black man's soul. Till the blood surged hot, with a sudden
start, ,

As he rent the bleak rocks of a people s

A Singer there came, with a tender lyre,

And dawn-filled eyes of love and fire; gloom,

Oppression's knell-filled
And I knew, as Dunbar swept the And sounded
strings, doom.
 :

THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 305

UT£~ »
How to Get Rid of the "If s.
As far as the future of your loved ones is involved, why not get rid of the "ifs"?
If you succeed, as you hope to, you will take care of them.
If you save money, as you mean to, you will provide for them.
If you invest your money safely, as all men mean to, you will have enough.

Most men arc able to earn money, few are able to save it.
The sure way to save is to take a life insurance policy and keep the premium paid.
From the hour the Policy is issued, the Insurance Company is investing for you
and for your family, and you command the experience in this line of its officers
and experts.
If you live, the work of saving and investing goes on. If you die, the result of
the saving and investing of a lifetime are at once sure to your family.
In other words, the hour you take out a Life Insurance Policy in a good
Company, you create an Estate, of which nothing can deprive you and your
family save your own indifference and neglect.
For example
At age thirty a policy for $1,000 will cost you $24.50 per year, $12.80 every half
year, or $6.50 every three months.
At five per cent interest this would amount in twenty years to but $851.20, and
during the whole time, you would have the danger of a default in interest or a loss
of principal.
From the moment you pay the first premium, this investment, in event
of your death, amounts to $1,000.00 to your family.
If you twenty years, this payment would amount to four hundred ninety
live
dollars. You can then discontinue your payments, and without another dollar
of outlay or the payment of even taxes on the amount, your family has an
estate of $510.00 cash at your death.
In other words, the right of your family to receive $1,000.00 in case of your death
at any time during twenty years, the guaranty of a capital of $100,000.00, and the
accumulated assets of the Company that your investment is safe have not cost you
a penny.
With these results can you or your family afford to be without a LIFE WHOLE
POLICY in the STANDARD
LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY?
But these are only a part of the advantages.
Suppose at the end of ten years from now, you should desire to raise some
money? Are you sure you could borrow it? The only way in which you can be
sure you will is to make sure that you will then have a life insurance policy in a
real Life Insurance Company such as the STANDARD
LIFE. Then you can get
it as a matter of right and under favor to no one.

With that you can borrow $138.00 without sacrificing the estate of your family,
for if you should die the next day after securing the loan, they would still receive
362.00. Then the account would stand Premiums paid, $245.00 money bor-
: ;

rowed, $138.00 balance (cost), $107.00; payment to your family, $862.00;

;

excess of payment, $969.00.

This is the service the Standard offers you, with the guaranty behind it of
$100,000.00 deposited with the State of Georgia.
Are you going to be one of the persons who profit by it? .**
Please
It is for you to say, provided you can pass the Medical Examination. .* «end me

LIFE INSURANCE CO. / <—

.• particulars

STANDARD Am °"°'
200 Auburn Avenue, ATLANTA, GEORGIA/' •
.* Sex

Capital Fully Paid - - $100,000.00 /A *e

Over One Million and a Half Insurance in Force .•' Wei « ht

Issues Policies from $250.00 to $5,000.00 / Occupation

y Name
HEMAN E.PERRY, President / Address
HARRY H. PACE, Secretary /' (C. Oct., 1915.)

Mention The Crisis

 —
!!! : — ;

306 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

marvelous Douglass, the noble, the
true, Something New! Startling!
We answer the slanderous tongues by
YOU ARE THE ONE
you! The Largest Mail
Ah !I dream, through your spirit's Who Will Receive The Most Oppor-
tunities of Agencies, Positions; Be Your Own
heroic moul\ Boss; Offers Mail Order Propositions, etc.

That grandeur dwells in the black man's IN YOUR TOWN

soul. The Buy Sell and Exchange
Directory goes to thousands of manufacturers,
See there, in the city of old renown, dealers, mail order men, publishers, who will
send -you free samples of magazines, papers,
In the midst of the Common, in Boston propositions, catalogues, packages, circulars,
etc., etc.
town,
You Will Get a Wonderful Mail!
The "red coats" come The Colonials !
5,000,000 More Names Wanted at Once!
stand, Send 25c. to help pay the cost of stereotyping
your name and address, which will be inserted
A glum, determined and sullen band. and you will receive all of above with very
valuable information worth hundreds of dollars
'Tis Crispus Attucks, the black, dies, and a 'free copy of "Buy, Sell & Exchange,"
then containing your name.

First Patriot-Martyr for brave, true Business is Better; Get Your Share of the
Good Things. Address,
men U n
1 avow, by this, Liberty's first death- BUYSELL & EXCHANGE
The Magazine That Interests Everybody.
toll,
Dept. 70-H. P. 0. Box 5240. Boston, Mass., U.S.A.
That bravery lives in the black man's
Ad Rates 3c per word. "Thousands Read it"
soul

And, have you forgotten, in Cuba, the

fight? $100.00 PRIZE
How the black soldiers tested the hot Given to the agent selling the largest number of
Spanish might? "The A. B. C. of Color" over 1,500. This book
O'er the cannon's red thunder, un- is different from anything before the public. It

blenched by a fear, is illustrated thruout with pictures of Negro

They cried to their captain: "Don't talk

children. No family will refuse a copy. Re-
tail price 15c. Liberal commission to agents.
'bout no 'rear'! Eighteen other cash prizes ranging from $50.00
Lead us on ! Lead us on ! Lead us up down to $5.00 will be given. These prizes do
to that fight! not come under the 1,500 sales as required for
Time Ole Town the $100.00 prize. Contest closes December 31,
There'll be a 'Hot in th'
" 1915. In case of a tie, all contestants thus tied
To-Night
!'
will receive the same stated prize. Address
By their deeds I declare ; by my heart
0. A. PIERCE & CO., 224 W. Frambes Ave., Columbus, 0.
by the whole
Still loyalty lives in the black man's
soul HOTEL LINCOLN (American or European Plan)

Opens May 15th SK^JSS

Combines the restful
quiet of the country and
sea-shore with the gaye-
ties of a great city. Only
a few minutes' ride by
train separates New
York City from this de-
lightful spot. HOTEL
LINCOLN is within
three minutes' walk of
the beach where there
are bathing, boating and
fishing. 26 magnifi-
cently appointed rooms,
single or en suite. Every
convenience to suit the
most exacting/

EXCELLENT CUISINE— MODERATE RATES—BEST OF SERVICE

For information write C. A. BRECKENRIDGE, Prop.
GEORGE E. CANNADY. See page 268 Telephone 1417 Hammels Arrerne, Lone Island

Mention The Crisis

 : — —

THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 307

Atlanta University Nerve Balance

Studies of the
Negro Problems and Control
18 Monographs Sold Separately — —
Self control poise the balance which en-
ables you to meet and handle any situation is
Address the most valuable asset you can have. And
ATLANTA UNIVERSITY CONFERENCE no one man living is so well able as Dr. John
Harvey Kellogg to tell you how to care for and
ATLANTA UNIVERSITY :: ATLANTA, GA. control your nerves. For years Dr. Kellogg has
made a scientific study of the basic causes of
nervousness. He has, for nearly forty years,
been Superintendent of the Battle Creek Sani-
The Curse of Race Prejudice tarium, affording him opportunity to observe,
By James F. Morton, Jr., A. M. treat and prescribe for thousands of cases of
nervousness. Thus, he speaks from experi-
An
pion
aggressive exposure by an Anglo-Saxon cham-
of equal rights. Startling facts and crushing
—
ence deals with facts. In his latest book
"Neurasthenia," Dr. Kellogg tells you that
arguments. Fascinating reading. A necessity for
clear understanding and up-to-date propaganda. Be- nervouseness is "a symptom not a disease."
longs in the library of every friend of social justice. He also tells you how to get at the cause of
Price 25 cents. Send order to nervousness so as to regain, and retain, nerve
balance and control. Over 300 pages, with
JAMES F. MORTON, JR. many illustrations, diet tables and instructions
211 West 138th Street New York, N. Y as to exercise, rest and sleep. Price in Library
Cloth binding only $2. Order today. You
take no risk. If not entirely satisfied, return
"GLEANINGS FROM DIXIE-LAND" the book at once for prompt refund. Send
Ten poems by order and remittance to
Effie T. Battle, A.M.
GOOD HEALTH PUBLISHING CO.
"Mrs. Battle has an individual gift of melody."
—Springfield Republican. 9410 W. Main Street Battle Creek. Mich.
"You owe it to your race to publish your poems in
book form." —Editor, Southwestern Christian Advo-
cate. YOUNG'S BOOK EXCHANGE
"Verses are smooth, graceful, high-minded and clear,
reverent to all truth, appreciative of all beauty and (George Young)
true inspiration." —
George W. Cable.
PRICE 25 CENTS. Novel Souvenir Post Cards
Address: Okolona Industrial School,
Okolona, Miss. Colored Authors and Books on Race Problems
a Specialty.
135 W. 135th Street New York City
$25.00 PER WEEK
may be made
"History
in commissions by parties handling
Negro Soldiers in Spanish-American
of E. ALDAMA JACKSON
War" combined with "History of the Negro Race." Graduate Musical Art, Organist and Director
Institute of
400 pages, 50 illustrations. Price $1.25 net.
of Music St. Mark's M. E. Church
Address: E. A. JOHNSON Teacher of Theory and Piano
154 Nassau Street NEW YORK
Theory course embraces elementary and advanced
Harmony or Counterpoint.
Private or Clats Work
The Negro American History
in
Studio : 30 W. 132d STREET, NEW YORK CITY
by JOHN W. CROMWELL
Secretary American Negro Academy
Do you need money for
296 35 chapters, 17 full page illustrations,
pp., your Church, School,
Lodge or Club? We make
full index and bibliography genuine Photographic Post
Price, $1.25; by mail, $1.40 Cards of any subject you
have, and send selling
Liberal commission to agents. Address plan. Agents wanted to
sell our Post Cards, the
J. W. CROMWELL everyday kind.
hour easily made.
50c an
Send
1439 Swann Street Washington, D. C. to-day for 12 post
ISc
cards,all Negro subjects, our agents' offer and infor-
WANTED: Position as stenographer by young man mation about Views of your church, etc.
with excellent references. Willing, painstaking;
moderate salary. "H. F. V." R. F. D. 6, Box 25-A, AFRO-AMERICAN NOVELTY CO.
Taylor, Texas. 119 West Fifth Street Topeka. Kansas
Mention The Crisis
 ;

308 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

Let Me
You in theStart OF INTEREST TO VOCAL STUDENTS
TONE-PLACING AND
Mail-Order Business VOICE- DEVELOPMENT
Points explained, viz. Breath in:

Singing, Trying the Voice, the

$25 a Week For Your Spare Time Soprano, the Mezzo-Soprano, the
$40 to $75 Weekly For Your Entire Time Contralto, Tenor Leggieru or High
Tenor, the Baritone,
That is the money you should make in the mail- the Bass,
order business. I want an ambitious man in your Parts of the Vocal Apparatus, the
community to act as my Branch Manager, and build Mouth, the Tongue, Position when
up a successful, prosperous mail-order business, just Practising, Position when Singing,
as I have. I will help you to do it, show you how How to Practice, Good Rules for
fortunes are made in this fascinating business, and Singing.
supply you with everything needed to start. Comment from the conductor of the Paulist Chor-
No Experience Needed. isters, the celebrated choral society which received
I Show You How. the first prize awarded at the International Singing
You need no experience to become my Branch
Manager. I want honest men of determination who Contest held in Paris on May 25, 1912:
are ambitious to succeed, and I will teach such men "Dear Mr. Tinsley:
ail they need to know to handle the business success- "I take great pleasure in commending your very
fully. If you are one of the thousands of slaves useful and succinctly written book on 'Tone-Placing
to the pay-check, grinding away the best years of your and Voice-Development.' Your own appreciation of
life for some other man's profit, let me show you how the psychology of singing and the fundamental prin-
to embark in a business that should free you forever ciples of the art you have cleverly reduced to a
from this grinding, body-wracking wage slavery. Let simple system. Cordially yours,
me show you the way to financial independence and "Father WILLIAM T. FINN, C. S. P.,
happiness. A few dollars s.art you. Then by putting Director Paulist Choristers of Chicago."
your profits each week back into the business you
should grow rapidly.
From "Musical Courier," N. Y. "A very practical
:

I show you how to make a

little book is 'Tone-Placing and Voice-Development,'
start with just a few dollars and the postman should
soon wear a path to your door laden with letters,
by Pedro T. Tinsley. It contains some very excellent
orders, and moneyed mail. material and vocal exercises, and should be in the
Tod Need No Office. Your Own Home Will Do.
hands of all vocal students."
The beauty of it all is, you need no office, no ex- From "Music News," Chicago, 111. "Accordingly
:

his 'Practical Method of Singing' is a most concise

pensive office equipment. You don't even need to
quit your regular job; just work in your own home, and practical little manual, containing many valuable
evenings, spare time, etc. Let your wife, sister, vocal exercises. It cannot fail to be helpful to all
mother or relatives help you. You need no outside ambitious vocal students."
help. Think of it! A chance to build up a big, suc- HELPED HIM GREATLY
cessful, mail-order business right at home in your
"Since I practised your exercises of 'Tone-Placing
spare time. Isn't that great? Isn't that wonderful? and Voice-Development' my voice is more resonant
RISE, GO ON AND UP! The road is clear. A than it has been for years. It seems to me that I
glorious future summons you to the battle of better-
ment. Dare on, you whose souls are bruised with
am getting a new voice." Prof. John T. Layton,
Director Coleridge-Taylor Musical Society, 1722 10th
past defeats. Twist your frown into a smile, because
St., N. W., Washington, D. C.
fortune awaits you NOW. Let me show you how to
BE more, DO more, HAVEmore in this life. Don't PRICE $1.00
be a WISHER and a HOPER and a HESITATOR, Address the publisher: Pedro T. Tinsley, 6448 Drexel
held down by foolish doubts and empty fears. Don't Ave., Chicago, 111.; or Clayton F. Summy, 64 E. Van
be timid, clinging with a drowning man's grasp to Buren St., or Lyon & Healy, Adams and Wabash
your slender salary, just because you think money- Ave., Chicago, 111.
making is a mystery that you can never learn. I will
do my level best to put you on the quick road to
independence and show you how to get a look-in at
luxury and happiness.

lock-step to and from work.

Don't be a boss-scared, job-
hugging, wage-cowed slave; stop doing the dull drudge
Let me set off the sky-
Wealth is Power
rocket of your ambition NOW. Pardon my plain talk,
but plain talk, like the arnica you put on a burn, The Union Development Company's
stings like blazes but goes straight to the spot. Plain
talk stings good men to action; prods their pride and
stock is a zvealth producer. $40,000.00
puts them on the primrose pathway to prosperity. of stock for sale at $10.00 per share.
Make ProfiU For Yourself— Not For Others. Start Now.
Write me at once and begin pulling out of the wage Stock is now paying 7%. Every dollar
rut. No reason why you cannot have people every- invested in first class improved business
where remitting money to you while you sit in your
home or office, gathering in BIG PROFITS. Mine is property, located in the heart of the city
the ideal proposition for Aspiring Tuccess Seekers and
Aspiring Money Makers. You should quickly become no risks, no failure. Company duly
a daily bank depositor and see your profits pile up and chartered under the laws of Georgia; is
bring you all those wonderful, long-wanted, wished-for
luxuries of life, which will give you priceless inde- composed of some of the most successful
pendence and enable you to bid your pay-check pals
good-bye forever. Remember I supply everything you
and influential business men and women
need to start, including my $10 Correspondence In- of the city and has great earning possi-
struction Course which I furnish you FREE. WRITE bilities. Send at once for free circular
me, as you value your future success, NOW!
Allan C. Butler, 406 Factories Bldg., Toledo, Ohio eivine full information.

C fT Valuable Formulas, Tricks

30 i,nc 'Household Hints in
our interesting mag-
Union Development Co.
458 West Broad Street Savannah, Ga.
azines for two issues.
SENT COMPLETE FOR 10c Liberal
COLORED AGENTS WANTED
commission ; a postal brings particulars.
B X THE PATRICK-LEE REALTY CO.
A. GR0TH0FF, P3 Arcadia, Mo. Dept. ().. 2743 Weltoo Street. Denver. Colo.
Mention The Crisis
 —

THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 309

*2000 in 5 Weeks! REGALIA

A Race Enterprise
Manufacturing Badges,
Banners and Supplies
fqr all Fraternal and
Church Societies. Cat-
alog upon request.
CENTRAL REGALIA CO.
Jos. L. Jones, Pres.
Corner 8th and Plum Streets, Cincinnati, Obi*

Made by one Robinson salesman. You yourself

can positively make $60 and expenses every week. I
— rnrr
W^ f •
^"
To Every Woman
m who
writes, one copy of "Ladies
Cyclopedia of Health and
want men like you, hustling, energetic, ambitious fel- — B ^^m
Beauty." This book contains in-
lows, anxious to make money, who are willing to work
formation indispensable to every
with nie. Not for me, but with me. I want you to woman; on every subject women are most interested
advertise, sell, and appoint local agents for the biggest, Tells how
most sensational seller in 50 rears the ROBINSON
FOLDING BATH TUB. He're'.s an absolutely new
— in.
to use and how
to cultivate
to use it.
health and beauty, what

invention that has taken the entire country by storm. louis Mccreary
Nothing else like it. Gives every home a modern up- 1312 Farnam Street Omaha, Neb.
to-date bathroom to any part of the house. No plumb-
ing, no waterworks needed. Folds in small roll, handy
as an umbrella. Self-emptying and positively unleak- Start a Mail Order Business and Make Money
able. Absolutely guaranteed for 10 years. Hustlers,
east, north, west, south,
orders, everywhere.
—
coining money. Orders,
Badly wanted, eagerly bought,
You can operate in your own home during spare
time. The parcel post has opened up the doors of
for remember, fully 70% of homes have no bathrooms. opportunity to YOU. Others are making $20 to $500
Immense profits for you. Two sales a day means a week. Why can't you? By our method you can
$300 a month. Here's proof real proof. — Rev. Otto start with $5 and up. We
offer you thirty live,
Schulze, Mo., got $1,600. Burkholder, Mont., orders money-making mail order plans. You can make 95
$1,072 in seventeen days. Hamlinton, of Wyoming, cents profit of every dollar order. We
furnish cir-
made $60 first two days. Hundreds like that. Pleas- culars, printed matter and place your advertising at
ant, permanent, fascinating work. lowest rates. Send 10 cents for complete outfit. Do
This is not idle talk. Make me prove it. Write a
postcard. Let me write you a long letter. Then de-
it today —
Now!
cide. No experience needed, no capital. Your credit MAIL DEALERS WHOLESALE HOUSE
is good if you mean business. But you must be am- 517 Dearborn Street Chicago. 111.
bitious, you must want to make money. That's all.
Write a postcard now. I want to pay you sixty dollars
every week. TlUiiVjllUlXLl
A
¥?1
,
1J^
f~* ¥¥IT
,
The new efficiency era calls
for the modern way of
H. S. Robinson, Prest.. The Robinson Cabinet Mfg. Co. selecting teachers, through a live agency that furnishes
the connecting medium in a business way, saves time
1578 Factories Building, Toledo, Ohio of school officials, relieves teachers of the embarrass-
Canadian Address: Walkerville, Ont. ment of job hunting and covers the whole country.
We have had calls for teachers from Alabama,
Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Mis-
^.-hm*™. D
LINCOLN, MD., " ear
C., on the
-

finest
sissippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Rhode
Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia
and West Virginia.
and best constructed electric railroad in the world."
Our list of teachers covers even a wider territory.
Special: A large lot, 50 by 150, a house to be built
THE MUTUAL TEACHERS' AGENCY
on it according to plans specified in the contract, 3
1403 New York Avenue Washington, D. C.
pear trees, 3 apple trees, 3 peach trees, 15 chickens,
1 pig, firewood for two years, free grazing for cow THE NATIONAL TEACHERS' AGENCY
or horse, all for a total of $750; payable $5 down and
Through us school authorities, without expense or
$5 per month, without interest. Sample house now delay, get into communication with the strongest and
occupied by C. B. Fulton. most carefully investigated teachers in all lines.
Teachers who seek positions or advancement should
register with us and avail themselves of our expert
THE LINCOLN LAND AND service. Prompt and courteous attention to corre-
IMPROVEMENT COMPANY spondence.
B. F. BOWLES, Manager,
1403 New York Ave. Washington, D. C. 2739 Converse Avenue East St. Louis, III.

SOUTHERN COLORED TEACHERS' AGENCY

Formerly TEXAS COLORED TEACHERS' AGENCY
1025 Boll Street, DALLAS, TEXAS
Recommends teachers to Colleges, Universities, School Boards and School Authorities.
Write for information. R. O. GOTHARD, Manager

Mention The Crisis

310 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

LEGAL DIRECTORY
„ . , /Central 104-W
Telephones: \ Main 61
HARRY E. DAVIS
Attorney-at-Law Notary Public
1607 Williamson Building Cleveland, Ohi-

Office L.D. Telephone 3297 Market

Residence L. D. Telephone S277-M Market
GEORGE A. DOUGLAS
Counsellor-at-Law
Rooms 613-614. Metropolitan Building
113 Market St., Cor. Washington, Newark, N.

General Practice Notary Public

WILLIAM R. MORRIS
Attorney and Counsellor-at-Law
1020 Metropolitan Life Building Make$35to$65aweeb show-
Minneapolis Minr
ingthisgreatTailor-Book.
Goods bo much finer and prices l
so much lower, everyone sees
BROWN S. SMITH the difference at- a glance.
t

Attorney -at-Law Special Offer

Offices: Suite 802 Sykes Block
Near Third and Hennepin To prove our unequalled quality,
Minn. we will let you order at the
Minneapolis wholesale price, a Sample Suit or
even a pair of panta aa low as$2.25
—and no extra chargea even for the
GEORGE W. MITCHELL biggest peg top styles. You can
now make more quick mon3y and buy your
Attorney-at-Law own fine tailored clothes cheaper than you ever thought possible,
908 Walnut Street Weprepay the charges on every order and don't keepacent of
Pa any customer's money unless he is well pleased. Let us send you
Philadelphia -
this fine sample outfit and show you how to take the most perfect
measures for the finest tailoring on the market. Write lis today.

Tel. 5437 Fort Hill Cable Address, Epben The "Chicago Tailors' Association
Oept. 7 » Van Buren and Market Sts., CHICAGO
EDGAR P. BENJAMIN '

Attorney and Counsellor-at-Law

34 School Street Boston, Mass.

Telephone Connection
W. Ashbie Hawkins George W. F. McMechen ART
21
HAWKINS & McMECHEN
East Saratoga Street
Attorneys-at-Law
Baltimore, Md.
rums)/
(EVANS PIANOS
\^and Players at
PERSONAL CARDS Wholesale !A
Telephone 5277 Morningside
DR. GERTRUDE
E. CURTIS
Surgeon Dentist
188 W. 135th Street New York City

J. E. ORMES
Audits
ACCOUNTANT Systems
Business information by mail. Open for
engagements July and Aiigust
Box 25, Wilberforce University
Wilberforce, O.
(Direct from my factory to you .To introduce pur
Profit-Sharing Plan, we offer one in each locality
at the rock-bottom, wholesale price— putting

AGENTS WANTED FOR $200 In Your Pocket

Artistic designs, exclusive features, scienti-
producing wonderful tonal effects—
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the Acme of Perfection.
UNLIMITED GUARANTEE backed by Three Mil-
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lion Capital.
FAMOUS 90 DAYS TREATMENTS Easy payments— no interest— no extras.

IW. No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 Stool and Scarf-TwoYears'

U.K. —
Piano insirucuuna
Course riano
»<
Instructions
the First m "
Be tha
fta
gPgg
F £ E. t
Write Today,
For Scalp, Hair and Skin
P. O. Box 102, Wilmington, Del. Story & Clark Piano fo.,^E&&

Mention The Crisis

 — I

A New Book by Dr. Du Bois

THE NEGRO
By W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS, author of "Souls of Black
Folk," "Quest of the Silver Fleece," "Select Bibliography of
the Negro American," etc.
This isthe authentic romance of the black man. It is a
history of him at once scholarly, earnest and eloquent. He is
considered from the earliest times, and the thread of his fas-
cinating story is followed in Africa, America, and wherever
else it has appeared. To look at the Negro against the back-
ground of his history is to see him in a light fairer than that
in which most Americans have seen him.

256 Pages—3 Maps— Cloth Bound

At the low price of 50 cents net — By mail 56 cents

Dr. Du Bois's new book is the latest addition to a remarkable

series of low-priced new books with which everybody should be-
come acquainted.
These books may be obtained from The CRISIS, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York

The Home University Library

Is made upof new books by leading authorities.
The editors are Professors GILBERT MURRAY, H. A. L. FISHER, W. T. BREWSTER
and J. ARTHUR THOMSON.
Cloth bound, good paper, clear type, 256 pages per CTi^l^-* _ ai
volume. Each complete and sold separately - - £5 VJ t^» II C
"A growing wonder of and sound judgment.
enterprise
Each volume, entirely new, is furnished by an acknowledged
expert; is brief enough and plain enough to be readable or
even fascinating, scientific enough to be a condensed authority
— and at the nominal price of 50 cents." Hartford C our ant.

SOME SELECTED EARLIER VOLUMES :

EVOLUTION By J. A. Thomson LATIN AMERICA By W. R. Shepherd

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION VICTORIAN LITERATURE
By Hilaire Belloc By G. K. Chesterton
ROME By W. Warde Fowler GERMANY OF TODAY
PROBLEMS OF PHILOSOPHY By Charles Tower
By Bertrand Russell EURIPIDES AND HIS AGE
NAPOLEON By H. A. L. Fisher By Gilbert Murray
THE CIVIL WAR By F. L. Paxson UNEMPLOYMENT By A. C. Pigou
94 volumes now ready. Send for a list

HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY 34 w 33d STREET

NEW YORK

Mention The Crisis

THE HORIZON GUILD
in conjunction with a committee of citizens announces the first rendition of a

AGEANT commemorating the Thir-

teenth
Amendments
stitution
and

of the
States, entitled
Fourteenth
to the Con-
United

"The Star of Ethiopia"

in the City of Washington, during the week of October 10, 1915

One Thousand Actors Fifty-three Musical Numbers Scenery and Costumes

Master of the Pageant W. E. BURGHARDT DuBOIS

Director of Dramatic Action CHARLES BURROUGHS
Director of Dancing -DORA COLE NORMAN
(J. ROSAMOND JOHNSON
Directors of Music 1
AUGUSTUS GRANVILLE DILL.
Grand Marshall LAURA BRUCE GLENN
And others to be announced

WASHINGTON HEADQUARTERS: The Pageant, 1216 You St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

It is planned to repeat this pageant in Baltimore, Philadel-

phia, New York, Boston and other cities West and South