Golden Notes Chemistry XII

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Exercise MCQS
(i) The state of hybridization of carbon atom in (v) Linear shape is associated with which set of
methane is: hybrid orbitals?
(a) sp3 (b) sp2 (a) sp (b) sp2
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(c) sp (d) dsp2 (c) sp (d) dsp2
(ii) In t-butyl alcohol, the tertiary carbon is (vi) A double bond consists of:
bonded to: (a) two sigma bonds
(a) two hydrogen atoms (b) one sigma and one pi bond
(b) three hydrogen atoms (c) one sigma and two pi bonds
(c) one hydrogen atom (d) two pi bonds
(d) no hydrogen atom (vii) Ethers show the phenomenon of:
(iii) Which set of hybrid orbitals has planar (a) position isomerism
triangular shape? (b) functional group isomerism
(a) sp3 (b) sp (c) metamerism
(c) sp2 (d) dsp2 (d) cis-trans isomerism
(iv) The chemist who synthesized urea from (viii) Select from the following the one which is
ammonium cyanate was: alcohol:
(a) Berzelius (b) Kolbe (a) CH3-CH2-OH (b) CH3-O-CH3
(c) Wohler (d) Lavoisier (c) CH3COOH (d) CH3-CH2-Br

Previous Boards and Additional MCQS

1. The crude petroleum is separated in fractions by: (d) 2,2,4-dimethylheptanes
(a) filtration 9. Compounds having same molecular formula but
(b) fractional distillation different structural formula are called as:
(c) steam distillation (a) polymers (b) monomers
(d) fractional sublimation (c) isomers (c) allotropes
2. Number of isomers of C4H10 is: 10. The state of hybridization of carbon atom in
(a) 1 (b) 2 ethane is:
(c) 3 (d) 4 (a) sp3 (b) sp2
3. Which of the following compounds may exist as (c) sp (d) dsp2
cis-trans isomers? 11. Geometric isomerism is present in:
(a) 1-Butene (b) 2-Butene (a) methane (b) ethane
(c) cyclopropane (d) acetone (c) propane (d) 2-Butene
4. Urea belongs to which class of compounds: 12. Which one of the following is not heterocyclic
(a) imides (b) amines compound?
(c) amides (d) carboxylic acid (a) thiophene (b) anthracene
5. Five carbon compounds, pentane has number of (c) furan (d) pyrrole
isomers: 13. Vital force theory was rejected by:
(a) five (b) four (a) G.N. Lewis
(c) three (d) one (b) F. Wohler
6. Linear shape is associated with which set of hybrid (c) Greek Philosophers
orbitals? (d) Scientists of 20th century
(a) sp (b) sp2 14. The first organic compound which was prepared
3
(c) sp (d) d sp2 by inorganic compound is:
7. Select one which shows cis-trans isomerism: (a) Acetic acid (b) urea
(a) Cl2C = CCl2 (b) CH2 = CH2 (c) Methane (d) Ethyl alcohol
(c) HClC = CHCl (d) CBr2 = CBr2 15. Which type of isomerism is most common among
8. The compound that burns very smoothly in an ethers?
engine having octane number of 100 is: (a) Chain (b) Tautomerism
(a) 2,2,4-dimethylbutane (c) Position (d) Metamerism
(b) 2,2,4-trimethylpentane
(c) 2,2-dimethylhexane
Golden Notes Chemistry XII

16. Chemically similar compounds differing by a CH2 (a) C8H18 – C14H30 (b) C12H26 – C18 H38
group are called: (c) C4H10 – C13H28 (d) > C18H38
(a) Isomers (b) Homologous 30. –SH is a functional group of which class of organic
(c) Isomorphous (d) None of these is correct compounds?
17. Which of the following compounds exhibits (a) Ether (b) Thioalcohol
geometric isomerism? (c) Aldehyde (d) Carboxylic acid
(a) 1 – Hexene (b) 3–Methyl-1-pentene 31. Metamerism is shown by:
(c) 2–Methyl –2–Pentene (d) 2 – Hexene (a) Diethyl ether (b) Diethyl ketone
18. Which of the following alkanes has neither (c) Ethyl acetate (d) All of the above
secondary nor tertiary hydrogen? 32. C2H6O shows type of________.
(a) Iso-butane (b) Pentane (a) Chain isomerism
(c) Iso-pentane (d) Neo-pentane (b) Metamerism
19. Natural gas is composed primarily of: (c) Position isomerism
(a) Methane (b) n-octane (d) Functional group isomerism
(c) n-butane (d) A mixture of octanes 33. Octane number of petroleum is increased by
20. The first product obtained during fractional adding:
distillation of petroleum is: (a) Branched chain alkanes
(a) Petroleum ether (b) Kerosene (b) Aromatic compounds
(c) Diesel (d) Gasoline (c) Tetraethyl lead
21. Which one of the following has the minimum (d) All of the above
boiling point? 34. Organic compounds are mainly obtained from:
(a) n-butane (b) 1-Butene (a) Coal (b) Natural gas
(c) Isobutane (d) 1-Butyne (c) Mineral Sources (d) Fossil fuels
22. Which one of the following does not have sp2 35. Due to bacterial action and chemical reactions on
hybridized carbon? wood it is converted into:
(a) Acetone (b) Acetonitrile (a) Peat (b) Lignite
(c) Acetic acid (d) Acetamide (c) Anthracite (d) Coal
23. Which of the following is not a mixture of 36. Coal is a fuel and becomes a source of organic
hydrocarbons? compounds when subjected to:
(a) Candle wax (b) Vegetable oil (a) Fractional distillation
(c) Kerosene oil (d) Paraffin oil (b) Destructive distillation
24. _________ is added to petrol because it saves the (c) Steam distillation
petrol from pre-ignition? (d) Vacuum distillation
(a) Tetraethyl lead (b) Methyl iodide 37. A sharp metallic sound produced in internal
(c) Phenol (d) Tetramethyl lead combustion engine is called:
25. Hardest form of coal is called: (a) Knocking (b) Cracking
(a) Peat (b) Bituminous (c) Reforming (d) Catenation
(c) Lignite (d) Anthracite 38. Cyclohexane is an example of:
26. Kerosene is a mixture of? (a) Aromatic compounds
(a) Aromatic hydrocarbons (b) Alicyclic compounds
(b) Saturated hydrocarbons (c) Acyclic compounds
(c) Aliphatic hydrocarbons (d) Aliphatic compounds
(d) Alicyclic hydrocarbons 39. The general formula of acid amide group is:
27. Liquid hydrocarbons is converted into a mixture (a) –NH2 (b) –C ≡ N
of gaseous hydrocarbon by:
(a) Cracking (b) Hydrolysis (c) >C=NH (d)
3
(c) Oxidation (d) Distillation 40. Each sp orbital is made up of s and p-orbitals in
28. Carbon forms a large number of compounds the ratio of:
because it has the unique property of: (a) 1:4 (b) 1:3
(a) Isomerism (c) 3:1 (d) 1:2
(b) Complexity of organic compounds 41. Neo pentane is also known as:
(c) Catenation (a) 2,2 -Dimethylpropane
(d) Covalent nature (b) Ethylmethylbutane
29. Kerosene oil is a fraction of petroleum which is (c) 2,3- Dimethylpentane
obtained by fractional distillation of petroleum. It (d) Diethylpropane
has alkanes in the range of:
Golden Notes Chemistry XII

42. The simplest hydrocarbon to have structural 57. The major component of coal gas are:
isomerism is: (a) H2 and CH4 (b) Ethane and CO
(a) Methane (b) Butane (c) H2 and CO (d) H2, CH4 and CO
(c) Propane (d) Ethane 58. The compound in which two alkyl groups are
43. Isomerism arising due to rotation around carbon attached to carbonyl group is called:
carbon double bond is called: (a) Ether (b) Alcohol
(a) Position isomerism (b) Metamerism (c) Ketone (d) Aldehyde
(c) cis – trans isomerism (d) Chain isomerism 59. The chemical formula of urea is:
44. Which one has more atoms of carbon per (a) (NH4)2CO (b) (NH2)4C
molecule? (c) (NH2)2CO (d) (NH4)2CO3
(a) Ethyl chloride (b) Ethyl alcohol 60. The fractional distillation of petroleum yields
(c) Ethyl formate (d) Ethyl amine only:
45. The shape of methane molecule is: (a) 20% gasoline (b) 30% gasoline
(a) Linear (b) tetrahedral (c) 15% gasoline (d) 10% gasoline
(c) triangle (d) octahedral 61. Anti-knocking agent is:
46. The quality of petroleum is determined by: (a) (C2H5)2Pb (b) (C2H5)4Pb
(a) iodine number (b) hexane number (c) (C2H5)3Pb (d) (C2H5)4Pd
(c) octane number (d) isoheptane number 62. The father of organic chemistry is:
47. Which one of the following general formula is for (a) Faraday (b) Hoffmann
ketone? (c) F.Wohler (d) Democritus
(a) R2O (b) R – CHO 63. The boiling point range of Petroleum ether is:
(c) R2CO (d) RCO2H (a) 5-20oC (b) 10–30oC
o
48. Which class of compounds cannot show positional (c) 20–60 C (d) 30–90oC
isomerism? 64. Geometric isomerism exhibits in:
(a) alkanes (b) alkynes (a) Methane (b) Ethane
(c) alkenes (d) alcohols (c) Propane (d) 2-Butane
49. The general formula of cycloalkane is similar as 65. The process which is used to improve the quality
that of: of gasoline is called:
(a) alkanes (b) alkynes (a) Thermal cracking (b) Reforming
(c) alkenes (d) alcohols (c) Steam cracking (d) Combustion
50. Which of the following will show geometrical 66. An isomer of C2H5OH is:
isomerism? (a) CH3OH (b) (C2H5)2O
(a) C2H5Br (b) CH2(COOH)2 (c) CH3OCH3 (d) CH3COCH3
(c) (CH)2(COOH)2 (d) C2H6 67. Carbon atom in following is sp2 hybridized?
51. The total coal resources of Pakistan estimated by (a) CH3CN (b) CHCH
geological survey are: (c) HCOOH (d) CH2Cl2
(a) 184 billion tons (b) 184 million tons 68. The isomerism shown by alkanes is:
(c) 181 billion tons (d) 841 billion tons (a) Skeletal (b) Position
52. How many isomers are possible for C6H14: (c) Geometric (d) Metamerism
(a) 4 (b) 5 69. Hybridization of carbon in carbonyl group is:
(c) 6 (d) 7 (a) sp3 (b) sp
53. Which one of the following is an isomer of (c) sp2 (d) dsp2
dimethyl ether? 70. In ethane, each carbon atom is:
(a) (CH3)2CHOH (b) CH3CH2OH (a) sp3 hybridized (b) sp2 hybridized
(c) CHO–CHO (d) None (c) sp hybridized (d) Unhybridized
54. The formula of aniline is: 71. The hybridization of carbon atom in HCHO is:
(a) C6H5 (b) C6H5–NH–C6H5 (a) sp (b) sp2
(c) C6H5–NH2 (d) C6H5–NO2 (c) sp 3
(d) dsp
55. The formula of cyclopropane is: 72. Geometric isomerism in alkenes is due to:
(a) C3H8 (b) C3H4 (a) Oscillation of H-atoms between two polyvalent
(c) C3H5 (d) C3H6 carbon atoms
56. Homologues of alkanes differ from each other by: (b) Optical rotation due to multiple bonds
(a) CH2 group (14 molecular mass) (c) Free rotation about C = C bond
(b) CH3 group (16 molecular mass) (d) Restricted rotation about C = C bond
(c) CH2 group (16 molecular mass)
(d) CH4 group (14 molecular mass)
Golden Notes Chemistry XII

73. Dimethyl ether and ethyl alcohol are called: (b) Increase its boiling point
(a) Metamers (c) Prevent knocking
(b) Functional group isomers (d) Increase its viscosity
(c) Position isomers 76. In t-butyl alcohol, the tertiary carbon is bonded to:
(d) cis-trans isomers (a) 3 hydrogen atoms (b) 2 hydrogen atoms
74. The self-linking property of elements is: (c) 1 hydrogen atom (d) No hydrogen atom
(a) Aromatization (b) Polymerization 77. The chain isomers shown by pentane are:
(c) Association (d) Catenation (a) 2 (b) 5
75. Tetra methyl lead is added to petrol to: (c) 4 (d) 3
(a) Prevent its freezing point
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Define organic chemistry. What is vital force theory?
2. What is vital force theory? Who rejected this theory and how?
3. What is an organic compound? Explain the importance of Wohler’s work in the development of anic chemistry.
4. Write down any two characteristics features of organic compound.
5. What is the significance of Wohler’s work?
6. Name the organic compound first of all prepared in the laboratory, and how?
7. How vital force theory was discarded by Wohler?
8. What is Catenation? Why it is an important process? / A large number of organic compounds is due to catenation
property of carbon. Justify.
9. What are main sources of organic compounds?
10. What is coal? Give its importance.
11. How coal is produced from remains of trees? Give its different forms.
12. Write down the uses of natural gas.
13. What is carbonization? / Write the destructive distillation of coal. / How Carbonization is carried out?
14. Define the term carbonization. Indicate three fractions obtained by carbonization of coal.
15. Write composition of natural gas.
16. What is the importance of gasoline and gas oil?
17. Name the Fractions which are obtained by Fractional distillation of Petroleum.
18. Give boiling range (oC) and composition of: (a) kerosene (b) naphtha
19. What is an oil refinery? Mention oil refineries in Pakistan.
20. What are the uses of asphalt and kerosene?
21. What is catalytic cracking?
22. Explain steam cracking.
23. Why there is a need of cracking?
24. What is thermal cracking?
25. What is an octane number and how it is improved? Explain with example.
26. What is meant by knocking of petroleum? Write names and formulas of two anti-knock agents used in gasoline.
27. Define with example reforming of petroleum. / How octane numbers of gasoline can be improved by reforming?
28. How does cracking and reforming different from each other?
29. Give an idea about the knocking in the internal combustion engine.
30. Branched hydrocarbons are better as a fuel as compared to straight chain. Explain.
31. Classify open chain compounds with examples.
32. What are Homocyclic compounds? Give examples.
33. What are alicyclic compounds? Give examples.
34. Define Aromatic compounds with three examples.
35. Differentiate between Alicyclic and Aromatic compounds.
36. Give formulas of cyclopropane and toluene.
37. Define heterocyclic compounds. Give examples.
38. What are homocyclic and heterocyclic compounds? Give one example of each.
39. What is meant by a functional group? Name typical functional groups containing oxygen.
40. What is a functional group? Name functional group present in alcohol and ether.
41. Write the formulas of acid halide and ester group with at least one suitable example.
42. Define Orbital hybridization. Name its any two types.
43. Define the terms: (a) Fractional distillation (b) Hybridization
44. When does sp3-hybridization occur in alkanes?
Golden Notes Chemistry XII

45. What is Isomerism? Explain with suitable example.

46. What are isomers? Write isomers of pentane.
47. Write the structural formulas of the two possible isomers of C4H10.
48. Write isomers of C2H6O.
49. What is meant by functional group and functional group isomerism?
50. Define the following terms, giving one example for each: (a) Position isomerism (b) Metamerism
51. Define with examples: (a) Tautomerism (b) Cracking of petroleum
52. Define Geometric Isomerism with a suitable example. / Explain cis-trans isomerism, give one example.
53. 1-Butene does not show cis-trans isomerism but 2-Butene does. Justify this statement.
54. Why is restricted rotation necessary to show the geometrical isomerism? or Geometric isomerism is originated due to
restricted rotation around a double bond. Comment.
55. Why there is no free rotation around a double bond and a free rotation around a single bond? Discuss cis-trans
isomerism.
56. What are the important conditions of cis-trans isomerism?
57. How does geometric isomers possible?
58. Differentiate between cis and trans-forms.
59. Cis-trans isomerism is a result of restricted rotation of C–C double bond. Discuss.
60. Why is ethene an important industrial chemical?
61. Write down the structural formulas of (i) Naphthalene (ii) Anthracene
62. Define homologous series. Also give their examples.
63. Why do ethers and ketones show metamerism? Justify.
64. How wood can be converted into anthracite?
PREVIOUS BOARDS LONG QUESTIONS
1. Why vital force theory was rejected? What is the importance of Wohler’s work in Chemistry?
2. Describe any four features of organic compounds.
3. What do you know about cracking of petroleum? Explain its types with examples.
4. Explain the term reforming of petroleum.
5. How organic compounds are classified? Give one example of each type. / Explain classification of organic compounds
on the base of carbon skeleton.
6. Differentiate between homocyclic and heterocyclic compounds with two examples each.
7. Define Alicyclic compounds and Aromatic compounds with one example in each case.
8. Explain structure of ethane on basis of hybridization.
9. What is orbital hybridization? Explain sp3hybridization with an example.
10. Define atomic orbital hybridization. Explain the structure of ethylene on the basis of hybridization.
11. What is orbital hybridization? Explain the structure of ethane on the basis of sp3-hybdridization.
12. Define sp3 and sp2 hybridization. Give one example in each case.
13. Discuss the structure of ethene by sp2 hybridization.
14. Describe sp hybridization. Explain it with the example of ethyne.
15. Define isomerism. Explain position isomerism and functional group isomerism with one example each.
16. Give four types of structural isomerism along with an example in each case.
17. Define isomerism. Explain geometrical isomerism with examples.