Logic Thinking – Fall Semester 2022

Assignment #
3
Please read the following instructions:

1. Please provide a complete solution.

2. Plagiarism or Cheating is not allowed. Even if you cheat in only one
question, you will be marked zero in the entire assignment.
3. To submit: Submission folder will be created on teams
4. SECTION: A-9

5. ROLL NUMBER: L1F22BSCS0390

6. NAME: Usman Raza

Total marks: 35
Submission Due date: 12 June 2021

Question 1: (08 marks)

Write the negation of each statement.

1. The Giants lost the game.

NEGATION: The Giants did not lose the game.

2. The lunch was served at noon.

NEGATION: The lunch was not served at noon.

3. The game did not go into overtime.

NEGATION: The game went into overtime.

4. The game was not shown on ABC.

 Logic Thinking – Fall Semester 2022

NEGATION: The game was shown on ABC.

Question 2: (14 marks)

Write each symbolic statement in words. Use p, q, r, s, t, and u as defined below.

p: The tour goes to Italy.

q: The tour goes to

Spain. r: We go to

Venice.

s: We go to Florence.

t: The hotel fees are

included. u: The meals are

not included.
 Logic Thinking – Fall Semester 2022

1. p ˄~u
The tour goes to Italy and the meals are included.

2. r ν s
We go to Venice or to Florence.

3. t ν u
The hotel fees are included or the meals are not included.

4. r ~t
If we go to Venice, then the hotel fees are not included.

5. p r
If the tour goes to Italy, then we go to Venice.

6. s ↔ ~t
We go to Florence only if the hotel fees are not included.

7. ~t ˄ u
The hotel fees are not included and the meals are not included.

Question 3: (3 marks)

1. If p is a false statement and the compound statement p ν q is a true statement, what can
be said about the q statement?

ANS:
If p is false and p ν q is true, then q must be true.
Reason:
The reason is that in the compound statement p ν q, the logical operator "ν" (or) is used
that means the compound statement is true if either p or q is true. So p is false and the
compound statement is true, the other component of the compound statement, q must be
true.

2. If p is a false statement and the compound statement p ˄ q is a false statement, must q

also be a false statement?

ANS:
If p is false and p ˄ q is false, q could be either true or false.
Reason:
The reason is that in the compound statement p ˄ q, the logical operator "˄" (and) is used
that means the compound statement is true only if both p and q are true. So p is false, the
 Logic Thinking – Fall Semester 2022

compound statement can only be true if q is also false. So, it is possible that q is true, in this
case the compound statement would be false which is the given case. So it cannot be
inferred that q is also a false statement.

3. If p is a true statement, what can be said about the compound statement p ν

q?

ANS:

If p is true, then the compound statement p ν q is true regardless of the truth value

of q.

Reason:

The reason is that in the compound statement p ν q, the logical operator "ν" (or) is

used that means the compound statement is true if either p or q is true. So p is true,

the compound statement is true regardless of the truth value of q. So, if p is a true

statement, the compound statement p ν q is also a true statement.

Question 4: (5 marks)

Make a circuit of the given expression.

(p ˄ q) → ~p ˄ q

ANS:

(p ˄ q) → ~p ˄ q

It can be written as
~ (p ˄ q) v ~p ˄ q

By De Morgan’s law
~ (p ˄ q) v (~p ˄ q)

~p v ~q v ~p ˄ q

The circuit is:

 Logic Thinking – Fall Semester 2022

~p

~q

~p q

Question 5: (7 marks)

Restate the following sentence in an equivalent form using one of the De Morgan’s law.

It is not true that I cooked the food or ordered it through delivery service.

ANS:

It is not true that I cooked the food or ordered it through delivery service.

This statement can be restated using De Morgan's law as: “It is true that I did not cook

the food and I did not order it through delivery”.

~q