Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition

Enteral nutrition Parenteral Nutrition

Delivery of nutrients by tube or by mouth into
Definition Delivery of liquid nutrition by the veins
the GI tract.
functioning GI tract Non-functioning GI tract
+ +
1. Stroke 1. Crohn’s disease
2. Cancer 2. Cancer
Indication 3. Dysphagia 3. Short bowel syndrome
4. Neurologic or movement disorders 4. Ischemic bowel disease
(Parkinson’s disease or Alzheimer’s 5. Low blood flow to the bowels
disease)
5. Critical injuries
❖ Macronutrient which maybe
❖ Macronutrients → for energy
Components 1. Polymeric
❖ Micronutrients → for metabolic activities
2. partially hydrolyzed or elemental
❖ Short-term access
❖ Short-term access “less than 4 to 6 weeks”
▪ Peripheral parenteral nutrition
▪ Nasogastric (most common)
(PPN)
▪ Nasoduodenal
▪ Inserting catheter into external
Route of ▪ Nasojejunal
vein
administration ▪ orogastric
❖ long-term access
❖ long-term access “more than 4 to 6 week”
▪ Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
▪ Gastrostomy tube (most common)
▪ inserting a central catheter into
▪ Jejunostomy tube
the superior vena cava.
1. Catheter infections “most common”
1. Skin irritation
2. Blood clots
2. Infection
3. Liver disease
3. Aspiration
Side effects 4. Bone disease
4. Nausea & vomiting & diarrhea
5. Fatigue
5. Tube blockage
6. Memory loss
6. Tube dislodgement
7. Increased urination
By:
Evaluation 1. laboratory measurements
2. clinical measurements

Treatment of obesity

Orlistat Liraglutide
❖ mechanism: ❖ mechanism:
▪ is a pancreatic lipase inhibitor ▪ glucagon-like peptide-1receptoragonist
▪ stimulates insulin secretion
❖ Adverse effects: ▪ Delay gastric emptying
▪ steatorrhea ▪
▪ flatulence ❖ Pay attention: It is an injectable drug