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LEADER PRE-I NTERMTDIATE

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COURSEBOOK

IAN LEBEAU I CARETH REES

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1 Human Planet (p6- tJ) Present simple and continuous Countries and regions: adjectives My world, our world: a global
.i::W state and action verbs (1.1 ) and nouns (-l .'l ) online project (.1 .1)
- .:1,
Present simple / continuous Weather words; r l, :. ' .'.. 'r. Surviving
questions (1.2) modifiers (.1 .2) Siberia: climate versus lifestyle
Adverbs of frequency (.1 .2) Adventure holiday 11 .2)
activities (1.3) A city guide (1.4)
Linking words: but, and, also,
when (1 .4)

2 People @14-21) Past simple: regular and irregular Personality: adjectives and nouns Evalu¿rtiorr I nternational Women's
verbs (2..1 ) (2.1) Day Awards (2.1)
Use of the affirmative with time Weather words; Increasins your understanding
expressions (2.1 ) modifiers (1 .2) Biography of Osamu Tezuka and
Past simple negatives and Character adjectives and like, look Frida Kahlo (2.2)
question forms (2.2) like, be like, etc (2.3) A learning styles and strategies
Linking words: until, at first, then, questionnaire (2.4)
at the moment, afterwards (2.4) A reflective blogQ.a)

3 The Media @22-2e\ Past continuous (3.1 ) The media (3.1) The story of the internet (3.1 )

Defining relative pronouns: who, Nouns, e.g.Tburnalist / journalism Pexor'¡rl refl ectiorr News
which, where, that (3.2) (3.2) organisations around the world (3.2)
TV programme genres, e.g. A TV programme review (3.4)
comedy, politics (3.3)

4 Health (p3o-32) Present perfect (i ) with time Medical words (4.1) Podcasts about different aspects of
expressions (4.1 ) Reporting verbs, e.g. International
.
Articles (4.2) states, claims, shows, thinks, Medi-Aid (lMA) i::.r:ir-r'iii:¡ í;r i: (4.i )

.; i Civing advice with reasons
, (should + infinitive of purpose/in
order to) (4.3)
etc (4.2) Text about relationship between
diet and mental health (4.2)
Ailments, e.g. backache (4.3)
Crammar of words; compound
nouns; false friends (4.4)

E
5 Natural World (p3B-45) Comparatives and superlatives; Landscapes: adjectives to describe Text about the island of Bora Bora
as ... as (5.1 ) place (5. 1 ) cr¡llat¡oration (5.1)
Expressions of quantity (5.2) Nouns and verbs (1), e.g. damage Animal invaders - how much
(n/vb) (5.2) danger are we in? Thinking
Describing photos (5.3) bevo¡rd the tex{ (5.2)
Reference words: lt and lts (5.4)

Predictions: will, might and may
(p robabl y, defi n ite ly) (.6.1 \
First conditional (6.2)
Nouns and verbs (2), e.g. Advert of future analysis (6.1)
consumer vs consume (6..1 ) Article about low birth rate in
Family; negative adjectives: un- Cermany Urrderstanding gen
and -/ess (6.2) (6.2)
Expressing opinions (6.3)
Linkers: so, as, however and
because of (6.4)
 '.1r rvorld, our world
--tries (1 .,l )
-¡nversation describing
^:u' holidays on oifer
,-'scussing opinions about
-:u holidays (1.3)
:.¡res of determination
1.1)
lescription of an
-.pi rational person (2.2)
- rnversation discussing
-enIidl ner,r llatmatet q2.
Stories ¿bout the early days
of the ¡nternet analysin¡;
the topic (3. 1 )
introduction to a new
..1n
1
TV programme, Fame and
furtune (3.3)
¡ TV programme
' development meeting (3.3)
Doctors expressing
opinions (4..1)
Student counsellor
interviews (4.3)
\ature programme about
three islands (5.1
Conversation describing
photos; choosing photos
¿nd reasons why (5.3)
=eti ng between
- -rologist and a business
iwestor; evaluating and
prcdicting (6.1)
C-onversation about
specific problems and
poesible solutions (6.2)
Television talk show about
hmily matters (6.3)
. ::.: , ..r :. ' : ', Describe
favourite places (1 .1)
Discussion about different
(1.3) climates (1 .2)
Showing interest
intonation for agreeing and
disagreeing (1 .3)
Talk about stories of
determination (2.1)
Voiced and unvoiced
consonants regu lar past
endings (2.1)
t1 : :,,:,., r..,.::r: ReSeafCh
and describe inspirational
people (2.2)
Word stress (2.3)
was/were stron¡1 and rveak
iorms (3.1)
Intervier,r, about i nternet
use (3.1 ) Scenario: planning a TV
Word stress (3.2)
Retell a recent news story
13.2)
Infonation in short
questions í3.3)
Discussior.r about recent TV
programmes or series (3.'1)
Comparing life experiences
(,+.1 ) advice and reasons
Discussion about lood
and health (4.2)
lnterview about eating
habits and diets (4.2)
Phrase stress and rhythm (4.3)
Describe the islands;
I presentation to compare
two places (5..1 )
Comparison of personal
lives (5.2)
Strong and weak forms
(schwa) (5.3)
Making future predictions
(6.1 )
Discuss Q about famil,v;
Discussion about family
dilenrmas; .:. . .:'.
'll i.6.2\
Word linking (6.3)
Key' language: agreeing
and disagreeing
Task: making a choice
Scenario: choosing hol iday
itinerary for tour operator
Key Ianguage: describing
people
Task: choosing a new
flatmate
Scenario: choosing most
suitable flatmate
Key language: making
suggestions
Task: designing a show
programme
Key language: giving
Task: giving advice about
health issues
Scenario: giving advice to
students
Key Ianguage: justifying
choices
Task: giving reasons and
making choices
Scenario: describing
photos to partner and
rr:5.,'"t which ones to
Key language: expressing
opinions
Task: having a discussion
Scenario: discussion about
..
family matters in a talk
show
Write a shofi paragraph Meet the expert: an
describing climate (1 .2) interview with James
Study skills: Dictionary skills: Moore, an expedition
Understanding meaning medical consultant
*llil:\1|'¡,,,, about living in
extreme
.:r,.-r: r:.:..t , i. : deSCf iptiVe
places (1 .2)
, .,
writing: places
Write a short description of Meet the expert: an
a determined person (2.1) interview lvith Karen
Stud,v skills: Learning styles Rubins, a comic artist (2.2)
and strategies Writing
skills: :r:t'-. :r,.,,. a reflective
blog
Write a short paragraph Study skills video:
describing climate (1 .2) col laboration: working
Study skil ls: collaboration: with others (3.4)
working with others
Writing skills:
'.:.1', ".;;;1,,,,,. U 1Y
programme revielv
Write a summary about Meet the expert: interview
the eating habits and diets with Dr John B¡iffa, a
14.2) doctor who specialises
Study skills: Cuessing the in nutrition,
meaning of un knorvn about brain
words food (4.2)
Writing skills: l¡¡': .r.:':: an
informal email
Write a short paragraph Meet the expert: interview
describing cl imate (1 .2) with Careth Philips, a
Study ski I ls: clevelopir.rg professional photographer
se!f -aw,areness Correcti ng about the selection
your writing of photos (5.3)
Writing skills:
Understandh:g text
or¡;anisatir:n writing
comparative paragraphs
Write paragraph(s) about Study skills video: a
predictions for a specific short lecture on critical
society and country (6.1) thinking (6.,1)
Stud,v skil ls: Critical
Thinking: judging
rel iabi ity, considering
I
evidence, developing
se I Í-arn¡areness
*ill",'flll', .
.:,. . :: ...;... a short article
:
I:.:ar,ri:.r!-*ati:

7 Science (ps4-61) Obligation: should, must and have Science and crime (7.1) TV programme reviews: a
to (7.1') Nouns, adjectives and verbs with documentar,v and a crime
had to and could 17.2) prepositions (7.2) drama (7.1 )
Developing an argumen[ (Ihls Webpage about Stephen Harvking;
means that . .. etc) (7.3) 'r:t.,::, i:::.: .... ".,;: (7.2)
Scientific fields and inventions/
discoveries (7.4)

I The (p62 69\ Verb patterns (8.1) Expressions with sleep, e.g. s/eep
Future intentions: going to, hoping badly, have a sleepless night, etc
b, l'm gr:ing to, l'd l¡ke to lB.2l (8.1)
)obs; -ing/-ed adjectives (8.2)
Expressing preferences; N ight
out entertainmenl, e.g. go out for
dinner (8.3)
§
@
9 Work and industry (p7o 77\ Used ¡o (9.1) Work and working conditions, e.g.
Prese nt simple passive (9.2) colleague, employee, good pay,
opportunities to travel, etc (9.1
= Compound nouns (9.2)
Negotiati n g; Price/Quantity,
Delivery, Payment negotiation
phrases (9.3)
Linkers: sequencing phrases, e.g.
to begin with ..., etc (9.4)
Email exchange about a talk on
sleep (8.1 )
..:r,...:'r): ..:..:,.. Article about night
workers (8.2)
Sydney festival events
listing (8.3)
A short mysterious story (8.,{)
Email írom HR asking for employee
opinion about the company (9.1)
) ..:,t, . '..'. ,,. .-.....,,,.i Useof
gold in industry (9.))
The early stages oí making
chocolate (9.4)

1O Global affairs {pza-es)
€ Linkers: although, on the other
Present continuous ior íuture People and organisations
arr.rngements (10.1) Clobal companies (.1
Past simple passive (10.2) Adding emphasis using
adverbs; Adjectives to describe
experiences, e.g. magical,
memorable with 7usÍ and only
('r0.3)
lmportance markers
hand, therefore (1O.4)
(1 0.1) Encyclopaedia entry about the
0.2) United N¿lions:
::::,::l,l:,'(10.1)
History of Apple;
r ::.,r:.., (10.2)
l.:r
Background info on the bid cities
(10.3)
The advantages and disadvantages
of phone-tapping (1 0.a)

Present perfect t.2\: for/sit'¡c:e (.11 .1) Noun phrases: noun + of+ noun, Extreme weather web search (1 1 .1)
Phrasal verbs (1 1.2) e.g. the consequence of change A discussion in the press about
(11.1) packaging (1 1.2)
Question tags ('l 1.2)
Containers and materials (.1 1.2) A funding proposal
Regeneration needs (.1 1.3) Regeneration project information
(1 1.3)
Action group newsletter; A reporq
Plans for a new a¡rport terminal (.1 1 .4)

12 Sport (pe4-101) Secr¡nd conditional (1 2.1 ) types of sports to collocate with onen rettel th:'lll::"i "l
too and enough (.12.2¡ do/go/play (12.1) 13
Ti:l )

ryl Iinking words (12.2) Magazine article about female

Sports personal ities (1 2.3) football fans (i2.2)
an English course advert a formal
email (.1 2.4)
 lnterview with a crime
documentary researcher;
making personal
connections (7..1 )
Radio programme for
intel lectual discussion
about important
inventions and scientific
discoveries (7.3)
Presentation about sleep;
Evaluating performance
(8.1)
Conversation planning a
night out at festival (8.3)
lnterview with two
employees exploring the
tot¡ic (9.1)
Business people
negotiating a deal (9.3)
Discussing opinions about
new holidays (1 .3)
A meeting to discuss a trip
schedule (10.1)
The hlstory of Apple (10.2)
An Olympic bid
presentation (1 0.3)
A ralk about INTERPOL
(10.4)
A radio documentary
about the environment and
global warming (1 1 .1)
A funding committee
discussing a regeneration
project proposal (1.3)
Current affairs programme
on TV (.12..1 )
lnterview between a sports
psychologist and a client
(12.3)
A tutorial about time
management (12.4)
Audioscripts (p1 49 -1
Discussion about crime
and science; Discussion
about rules and regulations
in students' own lives (7.1)
Discussion about famous
scientists and their
discoveries; Discussion
about attitudes to science
(7.2)
Word stress and the schwa
(7.3)
Discuss type of notes and
ways to make notes (7.4)
Discussion about sleep
Quiz about sleep patterns
(8.1)
Contractions Discussing
future plans, hopes and
dreams (8.2)
Sentence stress: key words
and clarity (8.3)
study vs working discussion
Comparison of the way
people used to live and work
today with the past's' in
used to (9.1)
Talk about industrielwell-
known business (9.2)
Numbers (9.3)
Ceneral discussion about
the United Nations;
lnterviews to check social
arrangements (10.1)
Exchanging knowledge
about global companies;
exploring the
topic talking about
big businesses and
globalisation (10.2)
Pausing and emphatic stress
(10.3)
lllustrating a claim
Talking about the causes
and effects of global
warming (1 1 .1)
Problem-solving Discussion
about ways to reduce waste
(11.2)
lntonation in question tags
(1 1.3)
Discuss the effects of the
newsletter (1 1.4)
Discussion about attitudes
and approaches to sport
(12 .1)
Eva!uating, claims
Discussion of topical issues
related to football, sport and
health and sports facilities in
different countries (.1 2.2)
lntonation in lists (12.3)
64) lrregu lar Verb List (p1 65)
Key language: developing
an arSument
Task: making your case
Scenario: discussion
about the top inventions/
discoveries
Key language: discussing
preferences
Task: making a future plan
Scenario: planning a vocabu lary; evaluating
night out
Key language: making
offers and proposals
Task: having a negotiation
Scenario: negotiating a Study skills: Civing a
deal
Key language: giving
examples
Task: giving a presentat¡on
Scenario: making an
Olympic bid
Key language: checking
agreement
Task: collaborating
Scenario: Al Iocating funds
for local regeneration
Key language: answering
complex questions
Task: using a questionnaire
Scenario: Doing a sports
psychology survey
Phonetic Charts
Research and write a short Meet the Expert: an
description of a famous interview with Huw
person's life and work (7.1) James, a scientist
Study skills: making who specializes in
notes Writing skills: astronomy, about
analysing data Describing black holes and
charts astrophysics (7.2)
7
1
Write a short paragraph Meet the Expert: an
describing climate (1 .2) interview with Karen
Study skills: remembering Fowler, a communications
manager, about working in
methods the dark in Antarctica (8.2)
Writing skills: prediction
A narrative
l,t
Write a paragraph Study skills video: a short
comparing life in past to talk about the history of
now (9.2) chocolate (9.4)
short talk; analysing .!!.r!-
performance \:.
Writing skills: Describing
process
a
¡rrl
-t:
L:El
GI
ilt
is.'
ffi *"{
§ ffi
Write a paragraph Meet the Expert: an
summarising next week's interview with Nick
social arrangements (1 0.2) Cooper, a brands
Study skills: improving specialist, about what
your listening: predicting makes a global brand
content, predicting (10.2)
vocabu lary, ¡mportance
markers
Writing skills: A for and
against essay; developi ng
!deas
Write a short paragraph Meet the Expert: an
describing climate (1 .2) interview w¡th Dr Laura
Study skills: thinking Baker, a meteorologist,
critically about reading about tracking and
texts analysing storms (12..1 )
Writing skills: Asking
critical questions A
report
A summary paragraph of Meet the Expert: an intervierv
topical issues (12.2) with Rachel Pavlou, the
Study skills: Time Won¡en's Football
Managemen! cr!tical Development
evaluation Manager for
Writing skills: a formal the English
email FA, about the
rise of women's
football (12.2)
(p1 66)
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e world; the world changes me.'Libba Bray, 1964 -, US writer

SPEAKINC r¡i &'&¡*j;Wr¡¿!¡*

1a E Discuss these questions with your partner a my world, our world

and choose the correct answer. Then listen and check
Ho$, many different languages are there in the world?
under
.l00 about 200 over 300 til
ÍI¡EI
I4EI @ -
Myworld,ourwaddis a portrait of the wortd in sound and
ffiilE!fiá
) countries use English as a main
images, and the people of the worid make this portrait of
Can vou name any of them?
the world. People take a photograph of a favourite place and
60
share it on this website. With each picture, the photographer
3 \\'hat is the total number of English speakers in the
adds a voice recording about their favourite place.
u,orld?
'l Iwant this art project to give us a unique view of the
billion 2 billion
3 billion
world and to bring peopte together. Woutd you like to take
4 What percentage of the internet is in English? part? Here's what to do.
25% 55% BOo/"
. Take a photograph of your favourite place.
3;; Why are you learning English? When do you use . Make a voice recording to go with your photograph.
English in your Iife? Say who you are and where you are, and tettthe wortd
about your favourite ptace. P[ease use Engtish.
READINC . Post your photograph and MP3 recording on the website.

j,.: To submit a photograph and recording, click here.

Read the homepage My world, our world. What is
To view the online exhibition, ctick here.
the website for?
:ii- Answer these questions.
1 What type of things are on the website?
2 The artist says 'the people of the world make this
a
portrait of the world'. Why does he say that?
3 What language does the artist want the voice
recordings to be in? Why?
4 Which sentence tells you how to see/find the
photographs on the website?
5 Do you think the project matches the artist's aims?
I
 LISTENINC §d Complete these sentences. Use the present simple
or present continuous of the verb in brackets.
:3,§ Sut"*arise key points Listen to three people 1 I_ at the café. Where are you? (wait)
on the website. Take notes to help you remember.
After each recording, match the person with a picture 2 She often _ to the beach to relax. (go)
on the website on page 6 and tell your partner what 3 We around Europe by train at the moment,
vou can remember. before we go to university next year. (travel)
4 The sun _ up in the east, and it down
3b L¡sten again and answer these questions. in the west. (come, go)
1 What do you think is the main reason Liu Shan goes -
to the park?
2 Why does Mo spend time at the top of the tower? There are two types of verbs: state verbs and action
3 André plays beach football three times a week. verbs. State verbrs usually describe feelings and
True or false? situations, e.g. be, have, know. Action verbs describe
4 Transport to the beach is not a problem. True or activities and movements, e.g. dance, play, hit.
false?
5 Which recordings and photographs do you find
interesting? Why? Sa Underline the main verb in these sentences. Are
they state or action verbs?
VOCABULARY 1 I'm a student.
aCLJ ¡\Tlll E§ i\l\ D lt[C]ICNS 2 The view is always different.
3 l'm playing football with my friends.
Match these countries with the continents and 4 I love this part of the park.
regions. 5 She comes to this park every week.

Ch ina Canada Saudi Arabia Brazil Thailand

6 People are taking photographs.

?oland Chana New Zealand Sh wn¡cn do you usually use for state verbs? Present
simple or present continuous?
-rrope North America SouthAmerica Australasia
-e Arab World East Asi¿ West Africa South-East Asia 7 Complete this extract f rom My world, our world.l)se
the present simple or present continuous of the verbs.
What are the adjectives from the country and

I
region nouns above? Hi, l'm Lucy. I 1
English and I 2
_(be) (live)
-,,.:¡,.¡ in London. l'm here in Trafalgar Square, London - my
- {-iinsse
favourite place. I 3 _(love) coming here because it's
Do you ever visit other countries and regions? Do the centre of the city but it 4 (have) a nice feeling.
r ou know any people from other countries? Right now, many people s _(look) around and they
u
_(take) 8photos. Everyone always ? _(feel)
relaxed here. I _(study) photography at the
CRAMMAR
,i[SEiiT SIMPI I AND CONTINLJOUS moment, so I often e _(take) a lot of photos of
people in this square. Also, the National Gallery
Which of these sentences are in the present simple 'o _(be) here, so I usually have) a coffee
11

PS)? Which are in the present continuous (PC)? in the square and then 12 _(visit) an exhibition at
1 Right now, people are dancing. the gallery.
I I'm studying science.
3 Currently, the beach is getting busy.
1 She comes to this park every week. SPEAKINC AND WRITINC
5 lt is easy to get here.
,.l.': Long turn taking Think of one of your favourite
Match these grammar notes (a-d) with the places. Draw a simple picture to represent it. Plan
sentences above (1-5). what to say in your short talk.
a This is a regular action or habit. :' t., Work with a partner. Student A: give your talk
b This is an action happening now, or around now. while Student B listens, takes notes, then asks some
c This is a fact or general truth. questions. Then change roles.
d This is a trend (i.e. a changing situation).
,.:., Use your notes from your partner's talk to write a
Find more examples of these grammar points paragraph about his/her favourite place.
in Audio script 1.2 on page 149. How do you make
.,:\j¡*tr:ti's ;:{1./{JL:{it'3 ¡:i;tr-.r: i:; tl:e l';e¡-io:¡al .irlÍt:tt -,
negative sentences with these tenses? jr relce . i1:: Er;2i {he¡rt cr:;;: ; :¡';t;rfi aar.t:-lti: ..-
'. ,,.. rj.. ¡-..]
1..::.,.,,r,.t_rr.:'..rri-..:.:::

H
==:J
1
- THE BIC CHILL

READINC AND SPEAKINC l*q: Read the text again. Complete the
gaps (A-l) with these interview questions. tha
I Discuss these questions with a partner.
1 ,\re there seasons in your country? lf so, what's your favourite 1 Does winter last a long time?
season? Why?
2 And what's life like? ls it very difficult
for people?
I Do you like winter? Why?AVhy not? Lse
3 \\/hat do you know about winter in Russia? What do you know 3 Really? Why do they do that?
about Siberia? 4 How do people keep warm?
5 ls the climate changing? Are winters
Understanding genre Quickly read the introduction to the text getting warmer? 2
below. Where is the text from? Why do you think this? 6 ls it really cold? 3
7 4
1 a guidebook to Siberia What do Russians think about their
I a book about climate change cold winters?
3 a magazine about TV programmes 8
I see. What about snow? How much
snow is there in Siberia?
:L I

Read the rest of the text. What is the topic of each paragraph (A-J)? 9 What about you? What do you think
', -..?,r,¡ph A = the length of winter about winter in Siberia?
10 That's incredible! Why is it so cold?
i

Wednesday 14 May B p.m.on Channel T

I¡am
all oyer
A
his
',§
Programme
ten§Gaby
¡a {tit
. | '. ririr,/' l,-Lst a long lintt:l H
':: - :.::. Generally speaking, winter Yes, they are, Def rnitely Western Siberia Actually they don't mind them.They enjoy
.-.:-,: ^ Sectember and lasts until IYay - is getting warmer faster than anywhere a lot of outdoor sports. lce-skating is the
,: ':- a:cut nrne months. In the north, the in the world. In fact, it's aclually melting. number-one sport - it's really popular:
:-- ^e ,,e'r^ses ln December and January, And in some places in eastern Srbena, They also like cross-country skiing and ice-
, ^^-,-, !-.
: - .: -:' la -i
a. Ja/, dangerous gases are rising from the hockey Reindeer racing is quite popular
ground.They're stopping the surlace from too. Some people swim in rivers and lakes
freezing, even in the middle of winter: But in the sub-zero temperatures.
. .: ^^ ^-. 3l o"i0 cJegr ees Celsius
it's still very coldl
: - l-^^a,:,. - ¡orthern Siberia,the I
.='--13'¿i]-rie sometimes drops to minus "$: They say there are health beneflts to
)^---^^-
, uc:r:t> They wear fun ln the West, we consider fur swimming in icy water: lt's a way to avoid
a luxury but it's the only thing that keeps colds.Also, it's a real community event. I
you warm when it's exLremely cold. Everyone takes part - men, women and
I - = -:asc¡ is that, rn the lar north, the
children.
--.- : : ..ays ow n the sky and produces G And what's life like? ls it verv
: . -. : - ear. so tÁe g'o*nd stays co d all difficult for oeoole? I
=.-'
l-:-"er reason s that freezing w nds Yes, it is.Without your f rngers
gloves, Well, to tell you the truth, I love it! In
: : --: ' l .'. ^ í^om the Arctic because there freeze,The little hairs in your nose freeze my home city, Liverpool, the winters are
j. : - : -- l -^iains or trees to stop them. too. lt's quite scaryl The tyres of cars and usually cloudy and mild, and I don't lil<e
lorries burst, Sometrmes children can't go them much.You don't get rnany days whe-
D the weather's f rne - you know, sunny and
to school because rt's so cold,They have
but it's rarely heavy ln the
.s,
not raining. ln Siberia, it's different. On
lessons onTVI
'.. ' - -.- :^..'. cover lasts between 260
bright sunny days, beautiful
: :- --
. __ _ '1,: -

F-
 3a Find words in the text (verbs, nouns and adjectives) 6a Choose the best word to complete these
that refer to winter weather. questions. Then answer them.
cold, ... 1 When is / do / does winter start in Siberia?
2 Where is / are / do dangerous gases rising from the
3b Complete these sentences with one or two words. ground?
Use the words you found above.
3 ls / Does / Are winter in Siberia getting warmer?
1 ln my country, it a lot in the mountains in 4 Are / Am / Do your fingers freeze in the very cold
winter. conditions?
2 The days are short, and it's already
at 4 p.m. 5 Do / Be / Are winter sports popular in Siberia?
3 Driving on roads is very dangerous. 6 What / Why / Where does Liam like Siberia?
4 When the _ winds come from the north, it's
6b Underline the question words in Exercise 2c.
very cold.
What other question words do you know?
3c What other weather words do you know? Make a 6c Put these words in order to make questions.
list of words to describe the weather in summer.
1 sad /youl days/do / on/feel / cloudy / ?
dry, clear, sunny ... 2 wearing / your /teacher / what's / today / ?
3 English / are / fun / learning / you / for / ?
VOCAB U LARY 4 time /your /how/spend /free/you/do/?
i::.: ':" 5 friends / doing / what / now / are / your I ?.

¿:, .:::¡ ¡4u1.¡', these sentences with the pictures below 6 holiday / you / how much / year /have / every / do / z.

1 lt's extremely cold in Moscow in January. 6d lake turns to ask and answer the questions in
2 lI's very/really cold in Beijing in January. Exercise 6c with a partner.
3 ln January, it's quite cold in London.
Il SPTAKINC
E 7 Discuss these questions in a group. Listen to your
F-" .l
"c C -7"C partners' answers and ask them questions about their
views.
4b falt about the cities in the chart on page 134 using 1 What is Iife like for people in very hot countries?
extremely, very/really and quite, and the weather 2 ls it better to live in a very hot country or a very cold
adjectives from Exercise 3. country?
It's extremely hat in Dubai in July. 3 What is the difference between weather and climate?.
4 What, in your opinion, is the perfect climate?
4c Talk about places and things you know, using 5 Is the climate changing in your country?
these adjectives and a modifier. 6 How does the climate affect the way people live in
your country?
crowded dangerous interesting lively
popular quiet scary
WRITINC
My city is very crowded
S Write five sentences about the climate in your
country and the way the climate affects people. Use
CRAMMAR your ideas from Exercise 7.
P it L§ tXT S i ¡.1 P L t A N ll {-(.) ¡"Tl ¡- U C Ll 5 Q I I :51 {
I ) l S

:'., Look at Exercise 2c. Which questions are in the

present simple? Which are in the present continuous?
:.,, Match 1-3 with a-c to complete these grammar Watch an interview with James Moore,
an expedition medical consultant, about
notes. living in extreme places.
1 When be is the main verb, you make present simple Turn to page 126 for video activities.
questions
2 When the main verb isn't be, you make present
simple questions
3 You make present continuous questions
a with the auxiliary verb do/does + subject + infinitive
of the main verb.
b with the auxiliary verb am/is/are + subject + -ing
form of the main verb.
c with am/is/are before the subject.

I
F§4d¿6h¡M LATIN AMERICAN ADVENTURE
-
SITUATION 2b I-ook at these notes about southern Argentina.
-3;: Do you think it is a good choice for Double Action
Look at the advert below for Double Action
Adventures? Why?/Why not? Refer back to the
Adventures. Why does the company have this name?
boss's email.
"E
?¡ Match the different activities in the advert with the
photos (A-J). What do you think of the activities?
SOUTI{ERN ARGENTiNA
3a Read this email from the boss of Double Action In thr Ón lh¿
Adventures. What does he want his staff to do? L-ócAri0Nl south¿rn coast
vnountains
. vnortnlain
. Llvee-áa'i
From james.ross@daa.com AC-TiVITIES Antarctic
To Att staff
tr"([n3
wildlife cruise
- horsa ridin3
Dear all . sea (a1aQt,3
We need your suggestions for two countries for our new r.,ith whal¿s
holidays in Central and South America.
I]ÓLIDAY
Remember, an ideal country offers a] a range of activities and
SEASON.
locations, and b] something unusual or different.
to windS veruj CO\á
0ur main customers are adventurous young adutts, but Noverr''ber
we're interested in some new customers: F"bruarS
. 'first timers'- peop[e having an adventure hotiday for the
first time
. otder adults [40-ó5) - active, rich, perhaps retired. 3a ffi Listen to Diana and Simon (two DAA
Let's have a meeting next week to discuss atl your ideas. employees) discuss southern Argentina. Do they have
the same ideas as you? What do they think are the
James Ross strong and weak points of this destination?

D
f
t -]

A One holidaV' l-"

tt
-
ffi;;lilentures! with us and get doulle '
7
t 7t

Choose an adventure holiday ur the

week white-water rafting
the action. .;";; vour lirst and snorkelling
a:# .""""o
irá", week divrng
mor.rntalns,
at the coast,
-
Other activities available
:
sea kayaking skiing and
mountain biking ana ttettking'
snowboarding, horse "A*g
í'IAhfe w1rch nO and island ,a rr rt ar ir r¡
and Europe'
fús"to North América' Australia
rr

"il;t trainins and' guides included

il;;;*;';nt, 't!! rr,r
,'{
-.\

,
ss'"
 LATII! AMERICAN ADVENTURE

§b Listen again. Who has these opinions: Diana (D), 4b ¡n which sentences do they think the same?
Simon (S) or both of them (BX ln which do they think differently?
1 The Antarctic cruise is a good thing. B
2 The holiday season is not very long. PRONUNCIATION
3 Horse riding is not a good activity. '' , i:t.'ii:'¡ :.: i .r, : ,., Listen
to this example
4 lt is OK to offer easy activities for first-timers.
twice. Which one sounds more interested in the
5 The weather in the mountains is not good.
discussion, the first or the second?
6 Argentina is a good place for older holiday makers
;vlt11t11 . §a) rrl) /

KEY LANCUACE ..: ;iii...:',.:ll':ii: Listen and do the same with these phrases.
1 I agree with you.
".,: li:llii-rLirii Listen and complete these sentences from 2 Do you? I disagree.
the conversation 3 Yes, you're right.
I think the Antarctic wildlife cruise is a great idea. 4 No, neither do I.
Mmm, _ do l. 5 Well, I disagree with you.
2 It's certainly something for older customers. 6 Don't you? I do.
| _ with you. 7 Mmm, you're right.
3 I alsothink it's a good activity for our main customers B OK.
Do you? I _. Our main customers Iike ...
4 And whale watching is great.
..:: Listen again and repeat.
Yes, you're So, are there any problems? r: Look at the activities in the box and tell your partner
5 It's only four months long. I don't like that. your opinions about them. Does he/she agree with
No, _ do I. It means we can't... you? Does he/she sound interested?
6 ... everyone can go walking.
Well, I disagree you. I think ... an Antarctic cruise horse riding
7 Let's look at the other places, then decide. sea kayaking walking in a strong wind
so where are the other destinations? white-water rafting scuba diving
A.: I drsn't think l'¡c¡rse riding is interesting
13: I disagree. I like it. / t'leither do l.

TASK
MAKINC A CHOICT
7a You work for Double Action Adventures. Turn to
page 131 and read about three more countries.

7b Read the email from the boss in Exercise 2a again

and think about these questions.
¡ What do you think of all four destinations?
,
¡ What do you think of the activities?
o How long is the best season for holidays?
¡ Is the weather OK?
. Do the holidays meet your boss's requirements?
!
E , Make notes and prepare to discuss with your partner.
E
,
So, what do you think?
It means ...
The holiday season seems ..

S Compare your opinions with your partner and

choose the best two countries for Double Action
Adventures.

11
I
:

STUDY SKILLS ;i ,r Complete these sentences with the opposites from

u N )Lt{5 tn§ Dl \tü MEAt!titc
I
Exercise 4a.

Many words in English have more than one meaning.

1 That's a really question. I don't know the
answer.
Look at this dictionary entry for cold. Match the example
sentences (a-c) below with the definitions (1-3).
2 lt's only a distance to the coast.
3 I don't like _coffee.
4 That music's very _.
I can't study!

IT 1cold zi<au1o1 aalecrrue

Ai|
something that is cold has a low temperature WRITINC SKILLS
and is not warm or hot l)l 5L N¡ilt\r , -\ l)1,\L f:

2 cold food is cooked, but is not eaten while it is hot i: Discuss these questions with a partner.
3 a cold person is not very friendly or kind
1 What are the good and bad things about living in a
From Longman WordWise Dictionary large city?
2 Do you Iike visiting large cities when you have a
a We eat a lot of cold chicken and salad in the summer. short holiday? Why?A//hy not?
b Some people think that the British are cold.
., Look at this list of things you can find in a city guide
c The weather's really cold today.
Can you add two or three more things to the list?
,: The words in bold below describe the weather. t how to get there / travel around
Turn to page 132 and look at their other meanings. 2 information about the weather / when to go
Write the number of the correct definition. 3 information about the history of a place
a That's a really cool film. 4 places to visit / things to do
b Some Thai fish soups are really hot.
c Cabriella's Bot very dark hair.
d They always give visitors a warm welcome. I .(
e 'How are you?' 'l'm fine, thanks.'
f His writing isn't clear.
g This shampoo is for dry hair.
h She's a bright child.
i I don't Iike mild cheese.
. Definitions often give you more informationthan new
just the meaning of a word. Work with a partner and
answer these questions. Then check your answers in a
dictionary or turn to page 131.
i...'l i,-:: :tl i." i i,. :''l
'l What colour is a cloud?
The capital of South Korea is a place of tradition and
2 When does it snow? history, but it's also a bus¡ crowded and modern city.
3 What happens in autumn? Twenty million people live in Seoul and the area around
4 What does the sun give us? it. Seoul is great for shopping, eating and drinking, and
5 What kind oi water is in the sea? you can do these things at any time of the day or night
6 Think of two uses of a horse. - it really is a 24-hour city.The transport system is
':*,: Dictionaries often tell us the opposites of words. excellent, and there is almost no crime.
Look at this entry lor rich. You can see that the
opposite (or antonym) oi rich is poor. -U

E :rich /r*t/ adjective

someone who is rich has a lot of money or owns
a lot of things ANTONYM poor: He became rich
and powerful.

trom Longman WordWise Dictionary

Think of the opposites of these adjectives from this :-4

unit. Check your answers in a dictionary.
1 long 4 easy
2 strong 5 quiet
3 interesting 6 popular
om l:' Read the text below from an online city guide to 'l,lr¡ Complete these rules with the words in the box.
Seoul and answer these questions.
1 Does the text tell us how many people Iive in the
different fact time words
city of Seoul? You use ...
2 What are the two best seasons to visit Seoul? Why?
1 and to join two _ or parts of a sentence.
3 Name one place where you can go shopping very
2 when to talk about the that something
late in the evening.
happens.
4 Would you like to visit Seoul? Why?A//hy not?
3 but to add something or surprising.
5 Think about where you live. Which things are
4 also to add a new
similar to Seoul? Which are different?
':.:,r Choose the correct words.
ii Understanding text organisation ln which part of the
text (lntroduction, When to go or Things to do) would 1 The waiters are friendly and / when / a/so they speak
a
you put this information? good English.
1 lt's a good time to visit if you enjoy skiing or 2 The weather's good in spring. ll's and / when / also
good in autumn.
snowboarding.
2 When you need a break from the noise of the city,
3 You can go white-water rafting but / and / also you
de can't go kayaking.
take a walk along the 5.Bkm Cheong-gyechong
4 A good time to visit Venice is in winter also / when I
stream - and listen to the water.
but it isn't crowded.
3 Seoul is 600 years old.
5 The beach is beautiful when / and it's and / also a
good place to go snorkelling.
Iinking words. You use them to.ioin ideas. Underline 6 You can buy souvenirs in the hotel but / also / when
examples of them in the text below. the prices are often very high.
il'i'l,¡ l'' , ,,,,.., ::-:r,:. DO yOu need Commas befOre and or
but in the sentences above?
i l r Write a description of your city, or a city you
know, for an online guide. Use the text about Seoul as
a model. Divide your description into different parts,
e.g. lntroduction, When to go, What to do. Make notes
before you write.

t ri:.¡ : i; i.ij I r-lt }.i t; § 't- Ü l) i]

Seoul has four very different seasons.The best time to * Visit Gyeongbok Palace and learn history.
visit is in the autumn (September to November), when Bu kchon vil Iage old the city with
rnd it's usually sunny. Spring, from April to early June, is also a houses, cafés and restaurants.
c beautiful season. Winter is dry but often extremely cold. * The famous Namdaemun market is hundreds of years old
'ht Avoid summer - June to August is hot and wet. and is open day and night.You can buy anyth¡ng here.
* Try kimchi (the national dish), but remember: it's quite hotl

f3
 People
2.1 DETERMINATION
IN THIS UN¡T
"Always remember that you are absolutely unique. lust like everyone e/se.' Margaret Mead, 1 901-1 978, US cultural anthropologl
READINC
I a Look at the photographs and the webpage.
What is the webpage for? Why are these women
on this webpage?
1b nead again. Are these sentences true or false?
1 Chimokel comes from a rich family.
2 She lives on her own.
3 Soula is a good example for people to follow.
4 She borrowed money to start her business.
5 Sarah used transport without engines and motors
6 Sarah travelled with other people.
LISTENINC
2a M Listen to each woman's story. Who
needed special equipment? Who needed support
from friends or family? Who needed digital media?
2b put these events in the correct order for each
person. Listen again and check.
1 get idea from a neighbour / marry Benjamin / run
in the Nairobi marathon
2 work long hours / win an award / study graphic
design
3 cycle across Asia / cycle across Europe / attempt
to row across the Pacific Ocean
2c Use the information in Exercise 2b to retell
the stories with your partner. Can you remember
everything about each person?
ffi Awards
The nominations for this year's award are
Chimokel Chilapong: Chimokel is an ordinary
Kenyan farmer, with a small family. She shows
how determination can help other people.
'Go Chimokell Co!'
Norninated by Eastern (enya, Cornmunity/women's orE
Soula Zavacopoulos: Soula's a hard-working woman and a great
role model. She started her own business #!j
from nothing. She invested all her savings {iiÉ
and she worked extremely hard for a long
time, but her business is a success now.
She used her creativity and determination
l\lominated by lJK, Sch*ol cr:mmunity gr*up
Sarah Outen: Sarah is the definition of determination! She travelled
around the world alone by human power. She only used a bicycle,
a kayak and a rowing boat. She faced many problems but she never
gave up. She is a great example for us all.
i.l,¡ r, :,:l:ñ h. i\ll:t(ilñ^'.. '/ itir'''l '')t 't'¡:1'U: ;il'¿:r
t' "
3 Evaluation Discuss with your partner.
1 What are the similarities and differences between
each story?
2 Can you choose the best one for the award? What
are your reasons for your choice?
F VOCABULARY
PERSCNALITY AD]ECT¡VES AND NOUNS
',,.
Find examples of the different types of verb
spelling in the text and Audio script 2.1 on page 149.
{a Find these adjectives in the text and in Audio script
2.1on page 149. Who do they describe?
: , r Complete this description of Sarah's journey.
determined huppy creative hard-working
kind friendly brave confident lr leave) Japan on 1 3th May, 2012 in my
special rowing boat. At first, the weather was good
4t¡ Look again at the adjectives above. What are their and there '?_(be) no problems. However, after
nouns? Use a dictionary to check. three weeks, there 3_(be) a terrible storm. The
wind was very strong, and the sea a_(become)
determined - determination, happy - ...
very rough. The storm 5 break) mv boat and
4c Complete these sentences with words from above. I6 (use) my radio to ask for help. I z (stay)
Do you need a noun or an adjective? inside my boat and B (wait). This was an
extremely difficult time for me. Finally, the Japanese
1 Dad is vervI He's alwavs at work.
rescue ship e (arrive) and ]0_(save) me, but
2 l'm sociable and I like meeting new
| ''_(lose) my boat. After that, I r2_(go)
people.
back to London, but I never ''_(give up).
3 He's very he often draws pictures.
| ''_(start) my journey again in 2013.
4 is more important than money.
5 is the desire to continue even when it
is difficult. 6 Time expresslons Use these time expressions to
6 My sister says l'm very because I love make true sentences about you. Then compare your
rock climbing and surfing. sentences with a partner.
7 My brother has a lot of He is never
nervous when speaking in English ten years ago when I was I6 last year
I My mother is very and she always Iast week in 2005 last night on Sunday
rologist helps people who have problems.

4d Use the adjectives to describe people you know

You use in with years and months: in 2006, in July.
You use on with days: on Sunday, on Alonday.
CRAMMAR
paqT qrAlpr E
You use at with times: at seven o'clock, at 8.15.

5a Match the beginnings and endings of these

sentences. Who says each one? PRON U NCIATION
1 I married Benjamin a Iast year.
. .. §.i.::,i.: i,'r,!r r .l '.r ,,, r. r. r::r:., 't ,r':'- lhg p¿5{
rary 2 I started my own business b in 2011.
simple ending -ed has three possible pronunciations.
WS 3 I won an award c five years ago.
Listen to these examples and repeat them.
4 I travelled acrossAsia d when I was 16
/t/ looked /d/ travelled /ñ/ wanted
s ür!¡.
'''ir' *,§ Work with a partner and put the regular
)at You use the past simple to talk about finished actions verbs from Exercises 5c and 5d into the three groups
and situations in the past. You know, and often say, the above. Then listen and check vour ideas.
time of the action or situation.
SPEAKINC AND WRITINC
5b Complete these grammar notes with the verbs in
Exercise 5a.
8a Do you know someone who has a lot of
determination to do something or a story about great
velled
'l You add -ed to the infinitive to make the past simple determination? Make notes to help you describe the
LE, of most verbs. These are regular verbs, e.g. person or tell your story.
3Ver 2 Sometimes you add -ed and make a small spelling
change,e.g._t_. 8b Share your examples of determination with your
3 Many common verbs in the past simple are partner. What are you personally determined to do?
irregular. We don't add -ed. We use a different
word, e.g. I Write a short story about determination/ or a
description of a determined person that you know.
-

"!5
 CREATIVE LIVES

READINC AND SPEAKINC .r:¡, Find words in the text that mean:
"t Discuss these questions with a partner. 1 a building where workers make things. (paragraph 3)

1 Are you creative, e.B. can you sing, draw, paint,

2 using your imagination. (paragraph +¡

dance, etc.?
2 Which famous creative people do you know or Iike?
3 What do you know about Japanese comics (manga)?
2a Read the text quickly. Write down two interesting
things you remember. Compare with other students.
?h Correct these sentences about the text.
1 Osamu Tezuka was a Korean manga artist.
2 He drew his first comics during the Second World
War.
3 His first success was with the comic 'Astro Boy'.
4 f ezuka wrote comics only for children.
5 Before Tezuka, many manga artists wrote long stories.
6 Tezuka created about 150,000 stories in his life.
3 a machine that can move and do jobs Iike a person.
(paragraph 4)
4 people in a book, film, etc. (paragraph 6)
5 we think that this is true, but we are not sure.
(paragraph 6)
6 thought that someone is very good or clever.
(paragraph 6)
..l.: lncreasing your understanding Answer these
questions with a partner.
1 Why do people call Tezuka 'the father of manga'?
2 Explain the iniluence of his parents on his work.
3 Why do you think manga is very popular these days?
Do you read manga stories? Why?Al/hy not?

Iturt'sbEcg
15 September
I

These days, Japanese manga is everywhere, but they

weren't always so popular. So how dld it all begin?
Today I want torwrite about Osamu Tezuka (1928- a)

1989). He was a Japanese manga artist. People call

him 'the father of manga'.
When he was a child, his mother often read *
stories to him, and she also took him to the theatre.
His father showed animated fllms at home. These
:
influences appeared in his later work.
He started to draw comics when he was about six :
years old. During the Second World War, at the age of
16, he worked in a factory, where he drew comics for
the other workers.
l
After the war, he started his studies in medicine,
but he didn't stop his creative work, and soon he had *ai
his flrst real success with comics like 'New Treasure
lsland'. ln the early 195Os, he created the very popular
boy robot - Astro Boy.
Tezuka didn't write for one age group; instead, he
produced stories for everyone - from very young children
to adults. He changed manga because he was the first L ryL ,
artist to write very long stories - stories with the feeling
of films.
-' ..". § é..
- üsq_
¿_{
People often ask why the characters in Japanese
manga have very big eyes. Well, this was Tezuka's
idea - but where did he get it from? Probably from
Walt Disney. Tezuka really admired Disney; they say he
watched 'Bambi' 80 times!
Comment
Over a period of40 years,Tezuka created about
This is really interesting. I didn't know anything about ,:e
7OO stories - over 15O,OOO pages of manga. He also
him. Where did you get this information? I want to
worked on many animated films and TV programmes.
know more. Did he work as a doctor? Why was Astro
He wasn't very old when he died - only 60 - and
Boy so popular?
perhaps he worked too hard. Still, his last words were
:i:rr-:: .i::+¿:
apparently: 'Let me work'!
 CRAMMAR SPEAKIN C
rh 3) PAST SIMPLE NECATIVE AND QUESTION FORMS
6a W You are going to invite a famous person
4a Underline all the negative senténces in the text. from the past or present to dinner. Listen to the
son example and complete these sentences.
Then complete these rules.
1 With all verbs except be, you form the past simple
negative with _ + the infinitive without to.
2 You form the past simple negative of be with
was/were + LS?LR.ANZA 5?ALD I N Ó
4L¡ finA all the questions in the text. Then complete
these rules. 1 iV.e \1 a lazz a^á a w1u;\c\an
1 With all verbs except be, you form past simple 1 ácr carlv life l-

1'?
questions with _ + subrject + the infinitive 1 Slne beca,we ir,terelied irr
without ro. wtv5tc
days?
2 With be, you form past simple questions with _ 4 áiscore"ed tÁe bass beco'v9e
SV,e
or _ + subject. 9V,e wa9 bo'eá
li L¿nguage rcíerencr: ¡¡nri e;r1:"a practice, ¡:ages '!04-105 7 She wav'\ a b"av-v*1 tr¿'v5\c Yrize
fo" 2011'
4c Complete this conversation with past tense forms b 'l1o* =- wh€r' Yov wont the
(positive, negative or question). Ora'v v^'¡?'
A: Tell me a little about Frida Kahlo. -\n
B: Sher_(be) a Mexican painter. Many of her
works 2 be) paintings of herself. ln them, we
can see her powerful feelings about herself and the
world around her.
A: Apparently, she:r (have) a serious disease
4;
when she o_(be) young.
B: Yes, that's right. But she s_(not lose) hope.
She 6_(be) a very determined young woman.
She 7_(not have) an easy life, but she
B (become) famous.
A: When e_(do) her first paintings?
B: When she 'o_(be) about 18.
A: How many works 11 (produce) in her life?
B: About 200. Many people ''-(admire) her work,
including Pablo Picasso.
A: Whatl3_(do) in her free time?
B: She ra (like) singing and telling jokes at parties!

1u
&i: Collaboration Work with a partner. Who would
you invite? Research your person and make some
notes under these headings:
. his/her life (early, Iater)
Y" . personality
I . his/her abilities, skills
. inf luence
. two questions you would like to ask him/her

*c Work in groups without your partner. Tell your

group about your guest. Listen to the other students.
Then choose two guests to invite.
ut

ro p rrarrr rHE EXPERT

Watch an interview with Karen Rubins,
., Ask your partner what he/she did yesterday I the a comics artist about manga.
day before yesterday / on Thursday / last weekend, etc. Turn to page 126 for video activities.
Make a note of the answers. Then report to the class.

17
+§
s

SHARINC A FLAT

PREPARATION PRONUNCIATION
Work with a partner. Talk about where you live. 3a Word rtress The word confident has three
Do you live with your family? Do you share a flat with syllables: con-fi-dent How many syllables are there in
friends? the adjectives in Exercise 2?

' r; lmagine you are looking for a flatmate. Choose 3b W How do we pronoun ce confidenú? Listen
five of the things in the box that are important to and check.
you. What other things are important in a flatmate? ooo
Compare your ideas with your partner. 1 confident 2 confident 3 confident

have similar interests to me not smoke have a job

be friendly and sociable be good-looking be rich
3c ffi Mark the stress on the adjectives in
Exercise 2. Then listen and check.
do his/her washing-up be quiet and polite be tidy
be a good cook be honest be clever lld Test your partner. Say one of the adjectives. Your
partner tells you the opposite.
A ilat¡na¡r: should h;,¡ve -srir¡¡la¡ ¡rfor{',cl.s f o nle.

,- Match these opposite adjectives. SITUATION

1 polite a shy Robert (a PhD student from Poland) and Gao Ying
2 friendly b horrible (who works for an advertising company and is from
3 conf ident c rude Hong Kong) share a three-bedroom flat in London.
4 nice d miserable They are looking for a new flatmate. Robert is in
5 cheerful e unfriendly Poland at the moment and he missed the people who
6 hard-working f stupid came to see the flat. Gao Ying telephones Robert and
7 clever g quiet tells him about the different people.
B chatty h lazy
ér: iffi
Listen to part of their conversation. Do you
think Robert wants this person to be the new flatmate?

4lt Listen again and complete Robert's notes. Write

one word in each gap.

A Nane/Nat¡ona/ilA/Job
Martin, Canadian, l

B Pe*onalitg
Ál ¡rirsl, nol uerg
rVol B
Had-working. Seems a_
C L¡kes/Dis/ikes
i
T D
Watchina
Hates ó
- on TV, ectokin¡l

I
Appea,'aare
Laoks 7

Shorl e L

E Aao Wng's optnion:

#
: l'lappg lo l¡ue w¡h aio.
tl P
(': t's(t ll
li
l¿J lil¡t to shtttt: ullh r¡ Ca¡tt¡tlian
li

H
 SHARINC A FLAT ru
KEY LANCUACE TASK
!:;:.\\
rl "_,--.-,\ r- ilar-_ril:
I i i l, , -'
:\r't: !!: CTjOOSINC A N]EW FI-ATMATE
.r.... ilil:r,:'ri:l Complete these questions from the 6a You and your partner share a flat in London. You
conversation. Then listen and check. are looking for a new flatmate. There are three people
1 What's he ?
to choose from: Martin, lsabelle and Toshi.
2 What does he like? StudentA: Turn to page 140 and read about Isabelle.
3 What he like? Student B: Turn to page 148 and read about Toshi.
a you like to live with him?
6b Prepare to ask your partner about Toshi or
':,:' Match the questions above with the sections A-E lsabelle, and then to discuss who to choose for your
of the notes in Exercise 4b. flat. Look back at the language in Exercise 5a and the
Useful phrases below.
..' ;¡1¡;,.1l Complete these sentences from the
conversation. Listen and check. Which questions in
Exercise 5a do they answer?
-l He's short brown hair.
What do you think of ...?
What about ...?
2 He like the actor who plays Mr Bean.
I like / don't like ... because ...
3 He honest.
I agree/disagree.
4 He certain ly chatty.
So do l. / Do you?
5 He works long hours, __ he's hard-working. Neither do l. / Don't you?
6 He watching sport on TV.
7 He nice clothes.
8 Yes, I think 6c Ask your partner about Toshi or lsabelle. Make
notes under the same headings as in Exercise 4b. Then
-:.r Choose someone you know, e.g. a friend or a discuss the three people (Martin, Toshi and lsabelle)
member of your family. Prepare answers for the and choose your new flatmate. Who would you like to
questions in Exercise 5a. Ask your partner about his/ live with?
t?
her person.

'1
STUDY SKILLS What's vour
I l-i\lil"JlNC SlYl i:5 An-D STRATi (;tt:S

People learn in different ways, and often one way

leaining styl e?
I

isn't better than another. However, there are things 1 Can you remember any of the photos in
you can do to improve your learning. One thing is to Unit 1 of this book?
understand better howyou learn, and to knowyour 2 Do you find it easy to understand charts and i
strengths and weaknesses. diagrams? c
Do the questionnaire on the right to find out your 3 Are you good at using maps? t
Iearning style. Give each statement a mark out of 5 4 Have you got a good memory for people's faces?
(5 : Yes, a lot / easily, etc. 1 = No / Not at all, etc.). 5 When you get a new piece of equipment, e.g. a DVD
Then turn to page 133 to read the analysis of your player, do you read the instruction book carefully? l

answers and tips to improve your learning. 6 When you were a child, did you enjoy reading l
books in your free time? l
Look again at the section(s) where you got high a
scores. Think of one thing you can do to help you learn
ten new words from this unit. 7 Is it difficult for you to study in a noisy place?
8 Do you enjoy listening to books on CD?
: Listen to two people talking about their 9 When you think of a phone number, do you hear
experiences of learning a new skill and answer these the numbers in your head? -t
questions. 10 When people tell you their names, do you Lr
'l What did they learn? remember them easily? ,:
2 Did they enjoy learning it? 11 Do you enjoy listening to lectures and talks?
L2 When you were a child, did you like listening
Listen again and answer these questions. to stories?
1 How did they learn the skills?
2 Was it easy or difficult to learn?
13 Do you learn best by doing things?
3 How dicl they feel when they could do it?
t4 Is it difficult for you to study when there are
Work in a small group. Tell your partners about many things happening around you?
something that you learned successfully in your life 15 Do you move your hands a lot when you're talking?
(e.g. a school subject, to ride a bike, to drive). Use the 16 When you get a new piece of equipment, e.g. a DVD
questions in Exercises 2a and 2b to help you. player, do you ignore the instruction book?
t7 In your free time, do you like doing things with
Write down one or two things that you learned your hands, e.g. painting?
from the experience you described. 18 When you were a child, did you do a lot of physical
activity in your free time?
 WRITINC SKILLS ii lnferring Answer these questions.
1 What subject do you think Amy is studying at
It is a good idea when you are studying English to Crey University?
write a reflective blog. Writing gives you thinking time 2 Who is Alicia?
and helps you organise your thoughts, feelings and 3 this Amy's first time abroad?
Is

ideas. lt also helps you to track your progress and
development. ln other words, writing can help you
become a better learner.
\l
.ir Read the reflective blog below. Answer these questions.
DVD
rlly? 1 When did Amy come to Spain?
2 What did Amy do on Wednesday?
3 What can you see Iate in the evening in Madrid?
4 In Amy's class on Saturday, what language does the
teacher speak?
i ln a reflective blog, you can write aboutthe things
you do, things you see/hear, things you like/don't like,
things you are thinking about, difficulties, problems or
concerns/ and/or things that change in your life. Find
examples of these things in Amy's blog.
t.: You can also comment on things you learn. Find
examples of something Amy learns (or is learning) by:
1 watching/looking.
2 listening/hearing.
4 Do you think Amy is huppy in Spain?
Why?Al/hy not?
t:i i Study the examples of the Iinking words
,,
'i'0.,,.
until, at firsl
then, at the moment and afterwards in
the blog. Then choose the best word to complete
these sentences.
1
/ Until I was shy and didn't ask any questions.
At first
At the moment / Then I became more confident.
2 l'm enjoying my course in this country at first / at the
moment.
3 At first / At the moment, I couldn't do the homework
l¡ul until / then a friend explained how to do it.
4 We had a very long and difficult exam this
afternoon. I felt really tired afterwards / at first and
went to bed early.
5 I didn't use a Spanish*Spanish dictionary at first /
rhen, but then / at the moment I realised that it was
better than translating words.
6 I was working hard until / afterwards my flatmate
arrived !

3 touchingiusing her hands.

t'iiStart your own reflective blog. Try to write
.: Rmy gives reasons for things. Find the reasons why she: something every day or two. After about a month,
<ing?
1 loves the Prado museum. read the blog from the beginning. Do you notice
DVD 2 any changes in your English, in yourself or in the way
thinks it's important to see paintings in a museum - you learn?
not in books or on the internet.
1
3 was worried about starting the jewellery class.
'sical

Wednesday May 10 Tuesday May 9 Saturday May 6

Our class went to the Prado again. I love this
museum-the buildings and the paintings are
great. To be honest, I wasn't very interested in
art until I came to this country. Now I realize
it's important to see paintings in a museum-
not just in books or on the internet. That's
how they come alive. Afterwards, Alicia and I or sometimes
studied together for next week's exam on the
development of the European Union.
I really like the At the moment, I'm doing a
way people jewellery class in my free time.
live here. In the It's a lot of fun. At first, I was
evening, they worried-my fingers are very
have dinner big-but I now know that I'm
late, around I0 good at making things with
my hands and I'm pleased
11. The family with some of my work. The
is very important, and you see whole teacher speaks very fast, but
families eating together in restaurants, my Spanish is also good now.
or walking in the streets. At first, I was When I came
surprised to see very young children here in February,
out with their families at midnight, ldidn't
but then it became normal. Things like understand
this are making me think about the so muchl
differences between cultures. For the
first time, I can see with my own eyes
that some things are better in other
cultures than in my own culture. < previous next >
E
t
il
¡
I
-
The media
3.1 THE INTERNET
IN THIS UNIT

ü,.
!,it .

ü
l
. 1

.. §l

;
'Everybody gets so much information all day long that they lose their common sense.'Certrude Stein, 1 874-1946, US writer ff

:
VOCABU LARY READINC
THE Ñ1EDIA
.'.: When (and how) do you think the internet began? i
'l
a Put these words into three groups: A (newspapers Discuss with a partner, then read the text to check.
and magazines), B (television and radio) and I

C (computers and the internet). Some words can

go in more than one group. gHE FIRST TEME
advert article blog celebrity channel ln 2009, about 1.7 bi[[ion people were using the internet. On l
drama email front page headline January 1st 1994, there were 623 websites - in tota[. ln the
homepage journalist presenter programme mid-1980s, emaitwas beginning to change the wor[d. j

social networking site spam video But when did the internet rea[[y begin? No one knows this ::
,i for sure, main[y because no one agrees on what, exactty, the
"l
[¡ Use the words above to make collocations with internet is. But perhaps it was 29 October 1969.
these verbs. This was the day Professor Leonard K[einrock received a [arge l
metal box in his office. At the time, Kleinrock was working at
1 to read an article ... 5 to use/go on
the University of Catifornia in Los Angetes (UCLA). The box was
2 to watch an advert (on TV), ... 6 to like/respect to an lMP, or'lnterface Message Processor'. lt [ooked [ike a fridge.
3 to write 7 to upload
At 10.30 p.m., K[einrock and his team connected a computer
4 to listen to
to the lMP, and the IMP made contact with a second IMP
t c Are these statements true for you? Discuss them and computer, hundreds of mites away at Stanford Research
lnstitute. They were planning to log in - f rom LA - to the
with a partner.
l-; machine in Stanford. A student, Charley Ktine, was writing
1 I don't read newspapers. the word 'LOCIN'when the system crashed after just two
2 I don't read articles about celebrities. letters. Stanford onLy received the letters'L and 'O', so the
3 I like watching adverts on TV. internet m,essage.was' LO',
4 I think computer games are violent and expensive.
5 I read a lot of blogs.
6 I think journalists usually tell the truth.
-l
d Now use words from Exercise la to write two true
statements about yourself. Then compare with a partner,
 2b Answer these questions.
1 When and where did Prof. Kleinrock receive the box?
2 What could it do?
3 What happened soon after Charley Kline started to
write the word 'LOCIN'?

:@
2c What do these words refer to?
1 it (line 6) 3 it (line 10)
.-.. ;-::= 2 this (line 7) 4 they (line 14) :::ai I , ,.i...r . .. .a

@'§
=1
GA
2d Work with a partner. Take turns to retell the story .: Complete these sentences, using a past continuous
ffi,
ffi*§ without looking at your book. or past simple form of the verb.
B-:
re*:i:
ffi.
4.
'l I _(send) an email to my sister when my
LISTEN INC computer (crash)
2 Sir Tim Berners-Lee _(invent) the world
3a §il Listen to three people talking about the wide web while he (work) in Geneva,
early days of the internet. Which of these topics - an Switzerland.
internet café, a social networking site, a radio station, 3 ln 2004, Mark Zuckerberg _(study)
an ISP (lnternet Service Provider), a computer game or at Harvard University when he and three other
a blog - do they talk about? students (create) Facebook.

3b wh¡cn speaker(s):
4 I _(finish) my homework,
(turn offl the computer and (go)to bed.
1 started his/her own business? 5 'Where (work)when they
2 didn't talk to customers face to face? (make) that discovery?'
3 enjoyed what he/she did? 'l don't know exactly. They (not work)
4 mentions the different names things had in the '90s? in Europe - l'm sure of that.'
5 tells us about his/her conversations in those times? 6 'What (do) at ten o'clock last night?'
6 mentions an important visit? ,l rite) my blog.'
3c Analysing the topic How do you think people
felt at the time about these new developments in the PRONUNCIATION
internet? Which of the developments do you think was :,,', ii:i* .1 ,'..'. .' Listen to was and were in these
the most important for the future of the internet? sentences. How do you pronounce them?
1 | was living in a large house.
CRAMMAR 2 They stopped what they were doing.
PAST CONTINUOUS 3 'Was he working at UCLA?' 'Yes, he was.'
4a Use the past continuous to talk about a longer 4 'Were you using the new computers?' 'Yes, we were.'
)n background action in the past when a shorter action 5 What were you doing at four o'clock yesterday
interrupts it or happens during it. Use the past simple afternoon?
for the shorter action. Match the time lines below with .,.1, Listen again and repeat the sentences above.
t these sentences.
he
1 He was writing the word 'LOCIN' when the system ,' Choose a time (e.g. ten o'clock last night) and ask
crashed. your classmates what they were doing at that time.
.ge
lt
2 He received a large metal box in his office while he Make a note of their answers. Then report to the class.
was working at UCLA. At ten o'r1,.¡ck l;tst rti,¿ht, l(risir;a artti Nlarina were tl*irtg
was
lg"' lh r l m t tr;r'li. ¡(r:nra ¡'r n'¡s rl¡;l¡; g n n t: resea lr l';.
o,,: i t < ; t < t li
Now
ter
SPEAKING
-ch a
I tnterview your partner about how he/she uses the
internet. Ask about these things and make notes of the
3
answers. Do you use the internet in a similar way?
. when he/she first used the internet
e
tr ¡ how long he/she spends on the internet every day -
and at what times
. what he/she does on the internet - favourite
4b rina two more examples in Audio script 3.1 on websites / own blogs or website
page'150. How do we make sentences in the past o how he/she used the internet two years ago - is it the
continuous (affirmative, negative and questions)? same as now?

23
 WORLD NEWS

READINC AND SPEAKINC 3a Complete these sentences with the names of the
news companies in the text.
1 Discuss these questions in small groups.
'l
1 How often do you watch the news on television?
and are traditional, Western news
broadcasters.
Which channels do you watch? 2 is not a television company.
2 What are the big news stories at the moment?
3 , _
and report some different l
2a What do you know about these news companies? stories from the western TV broadcasters. 3
4 _, _t _
and employ
BBC World AIJazeera lnternational wel I-trai ned, professional reporters. +
OneWorldTV CNN NowPublic 5 _ does not usually pay its reporters. 5
6 has a special interest in poor countries and
2b Read the article below from a British in-flight their problems. 6
magazine and find out more about the news
companies. Choose the best title (1-4) for the text.
3b Wnat do these words in the text refer to?

1 The end of TV news

1 these (line 2)
2 Choose the news
2 both companies (line B)
3 World news, global lies
3 this company (line 14)
4 Local news, real life
4 it (line 16)
5 them (line 20)
*
6 this (line 21)

After a long flight, you finally arrive at the place where you cafi
relax - y-our hotel room. Ybu throw your bag on the tred, turn
on the "IV and watch an international news programme on a 5r
satellite channel that probably comes from the UK or the USA.

he main international broadcasters are BBC World and CNN. With an

-^l:l
audience ofover 1.5 billion people, these are popular channels that offer
good-quality news programmes. In both companies, the journalists are
experienced writers that produce journalism ofa high standard.
.: Horr er eL, there are ¿rltern¿rtir,e ner,s chrrnnels rvhich people rl atch because thev t ant
a iess tr¿ditional or non-\\¡estern vierv on u,orid e\,ents. AlJazeera International,
;in \rabic compan\-, and Russia Toda¡,' are internation¿rl channels that broadc¿st in
English. Both cornpanies say the1. give a frcsh vieu-on thc big stories, and thcir
experienced journalists often report from places lr,here \\,'estern journalists clo not
ro lvork, and so thel give us stories that ne clon't normalll,- see.
The internct offcrs more r,arictv. OneWorldTV is an internet site rvherc \,ou can
-¡,
fincl stories about the der,eloping lvorld and human rights,
rather than the usual stories about US politics and business
The writers fbr this cornpany are ofien local people u.hcr
r: r'rite the stories fbr frec. This non professional journalism
:':'
is increasing, and it certainll.offérs more choice.
This increase in citizen jourr-rrrlism me¿ns thxt you too
can rvrite the nervs. \"Iain neu.s broadcasters c¡ften use
photog-raphs and evc-u,itncss stories that mcmbers of thc ler
rr general public send to thern, especiailv r,vhen there is a :ali
dramatic breaking ne$¡s stor\-. Besicles this, somc blogs arc
popular sourccs of ncn s, and thc rvcbsitc Nou,Public lcts
r-ou rvrite the stories rvith information that vou get from l
an-yrvhere, including from sites like Youtube, Flickr and Th,itter.
:. So, next time .vou arc in a hotel room, before .vou simpl-y-- lr,atch j,

CNN, perhaps you should change channcl, or turn on your laptop

or even u,rite the nelvs yoursclf.
e 4 Personal reflection Discuss these questions with a ,',r ' Look at the sentences in Exercise 6a and complete
partner. Give examples and explain your opinions. these grammar notes.
1 Do you ever watch any of the international news '1 You use and to link information
channels or get your news from the internet? Do you about people.
follow the news in any other ways? 2 You use and to link inÍormation
2 Which news channels or sites do you trust? about things.
3 What are the advantages and disadvantages of non- 3 You use to link information about places.
professional journal ism?
4 Do you have any experience as a citizen journalist? ' How many more examples of this language can
5 Do you ever get your news from social networking you find in the text?
sites?
6 What are the advantages and disadvantages of
: Join these pairs of sentences.
newspapers/ TV and internet news?
'1 Politicians are very important people.
VOCABULARY Politicians nrake the lal'vs in a country.
NOl.-Jl{s 2 The United Nations is a global organisation.
The United Nations trics to solve world problems.
5a Choose the correct word to complete each of 3 Nelson Mandela was a great leader.
these definitions. He made his country a fairer place.
1 A journalist / journalism is someone who writes 4 lvisitedahotel. .1965.
reports for newspapers, news websites, television, Chairman Mao stayed in the hotel in
magazines, television or radio.
2 Journalist / lournalism is the job of writing reports for You often use relative pronouns to make definitions.
television, news websites, magazines/ newspapers or Match 1-3 with a-c and join them using who/that or
radio, or the subject that people study. which/that.
1 A journalist is someone ...
5b put these nouns into two groups: A for the person
2 OneWorld is a compan)/ ...
and B for the job or subject. 3 Clobalis an acljective ...
art artist blogger blogging journalism a means 'international' or 'all over the lvorld'.
journalist photographer photography politician b writes stories for television and nervspapers.
politics psychologist psychology reporter c provides news about the developing world.
reporting scientist science . Work with a partner to complete a crossword.
,.\: phutographer Student A: Turn to page 1 39.
B: phok:gra¡:h,i Student B: Turn to page 1,1,1.
i. iiiii§ Mark the word stress on the words above.
Then Iisten and check your answers.
SPEAKINC
'l0a Prepare to tell your partner about a recent story
CRAMMAR from the news. Think about the people, places and
A;;Y[ !]HO]i{-ll I \3 events in the story. Make notes to help you remember

M
it1,1
the story and to organise your storytelling.
,r A sentence can sometimes contain two pieces
of information. This example tells us the journalists -l0b fell your partner the news story. Try to use who,
are experienced writers and the journalists produce which, that and where to build your sentences. Take
journalism of a high standard. notes when you listen to your partner's story.
ih<.: joUrnalisl"t arar expericnccd *,ri!.ers l.ttat prorlut't'
irtu¡'nalisrr; oi a high ;ta¡'trlarc!.

ldentify the two pieces of information in each of these

sentences.
1 BBC World and CNN are popular channels that
make good-qual ity news programmes.
2 OneWorld is an internet site rvhich has stories about
the developing world and human rights.
3 The writers for this company are often local people
who write the stories for free.
4 Their experienced journalists oiten report from
places where Western journalists do not work.
 THAT'S ENTERTAINMENT!

SITUATION KEY LANCUACE

'á Do you watch these kinds of programme ,\1.\i(i\(, \iJ(;( ;i5 t;t)\5
on TV?
Describe some of your favourite ones. §;i ffiffiComplete the sentences below from the
conversation in Exercise 3 with the words in the box.
game and quiz shows current affairs programmes Then listen and check.
cookery programmes talent shows chat shows
wildlife documentaries IiÍestvle shows Iet's any about don't shall anything
what should not
,:, ,ia:ii:a, Listen to the introduction to a TV show,
Fame and Fortune. Which of these things does the 1 ideas?
show include? 2 Why we get some politicians on the
. Live music performance programme?
o An interview with a politician 3 Let's interview them about politics.
. Celebrity gossip 4 ____-ask them about their lives.
¡ lnformation about important businesses 5 else(
¡ Consumerinl.ormation 6 We have a live band on the programme.
7 What interviewing rich people?
., - ,, Listen to the programme development team B What else _ we put in the programme?
brainstorm ideas for Fame and Fortune. What ideas do 9 _ about something with animals?
they decide to include in the programme? What ideas
do they decide not to include? ,. ..r Which of the sentences above give ideas or
suggestions (C), and which ask for ideas (A)?

-
J
I

:
I
I T

*.:,.
II
4

¡'ta
rs §l
L-.r\

& .§¡sxl
,#{
.-l ..', ,

,&e

§
 THAT'S ENTERTAINMENT! re
:. Look at Audio s«ipt 3.5 on page 151 and find TASK
more examples of this language. Notice the different DI§Iü\]i\]C A SHOW
sentence patterns after each key phrase. Then match
the patterns in the box with the key phrases below.
&i: Work in a small group. You work in the
(. programme development department of a TV channel.
subject + verb verb (infinitive without to) You are going to design a new weekly magazine show.
verb + -ing noun phrase The programme will be one hour long. Look at these
groups and select your target audience for the show.
1 Why don't + ?
retired and elderly people working adults
2 Let's not + youngteenagers universitystudents
3 Let's + visitors families
foreign students and
4 We should +
5 What else shall + ?
:i:;i': Individually, prepare for the planning meeting
6 What about + 7
and get some ideas for your show. Look back at the
7 What about + ?
language in Exercise 4a and prepare how you will give
your suggestions.
PRONUNCIATION
.., §§*i, i:rIr.,:-:.:;tr.:t: ir:---l::.¡'i 'i::i.r'.ill:..i;i:.: LiSten to the
two ways of saying Any ideas? Which one, a) or b), Fine, but... That's true.
sounds most like a question? I agree, but ... Perhaps that's not a good idea.
Exactly. Creat idea.
,, i*i.li,.,§ Listen and repeat these short questions.
Really? No, I don't think we should do that.

i.¡. Regroup with your partners from Exercise 6a and

, 't , hav,e the planning meeting. Share your ideas and

l
B
-t

.",*,,'€.1¡%!ii&.

1:.'

.rrwi,
 1

l
)
I

B
tl
{-l

STUDY SKILLS ' Look at this list of things you do when you are working
i-aJLLr,,ij( lii,i i ir..):r.: l,ii{}}i.l(\( i !1.rlTl.l (,) I i l:ll¡ well in a group. Watch the video again and find examples
of these things.
Think about some of your experiences of working 't
with other people outside the classroom. What did 1 Checking that you understand something
you like about working with others? Did you have any 2 Asking someone to explain something you don't
problems? How did you solve them? understand 1
3 Agreeing with someone
I !ikec] exr hanging iclt:.ts with other pe'rs¡tlc.
4 Disagreeing (politely!) with someone l
/l iya.s -sr.¡nrc¡lintes t¡uite rlifiir-ult for everyesne La agree- 5 Showing interest in what someone says J

, ,, Think about some of the tasks in this book that

6 Making suggestions
you did with other students (for example, the scenario
7 Asking others for their ideas
tasks in Units 1-3). Make a list of things you Iike about
B Asking others what they think about a topic 't

working in class with others, and things you don't like.

9 Remaining positive when the discussion is difficult
Compare your ideas in small groups. ':, Evaluating How well do you think this group works o
together? Circle a number below, then summarise your
:. . What should you do if you want to work well with
answer in three or four sentences.
others? Add two or three points to this list.
l.isten t.:;trel'uIly to r:thers
.1..4 rllli, '¡; ¡ttt !lt,,it rt¡ trnttttt,. 1 2 )
.J 4 5
not very well very well
Body language is important when you work
successfully with others. What do you understand by Ithink they are ...
the term body languase? Discuss with a partner.
, , Sometimesyou are asked to work with a partner
, O,;,,.:; watch the video without the sound. Look or groups in your class. How can this help you to
carefully at the speakers' body language. Do you think improve your English? Discuss in a group. Then turn to
they are working welltogether? Why?/Why not? page 133 to check your answers.
.

"
Now watch the same video with the sound. What ' ,' What can you do to work better with others in
.

kind of things do the members of the group do when futu re?

they want to speak?
 WRITINC SKILLS
,.i TV lr§alt,t{A§4Mr R[vlrlv
.' Discuss these questions in small groups.
1 What kind of TV programmes do you know?
news, rlratna, ...
2 Where can you find reviews of TV programmes?
3 Do you read reviews of TV programmes?
Why?A//hy not?

., We usually find these things in a review of a TV

drama or film. What do you think is the best order for
these things in a review? Discuss with a partner.
1 a summary of the story
':.rt
2 details of the main character(s)
Enjoy NETbase+ 1a

3 a description of the place(s) where (and the time

4
when) the action happens
a strong ending where the writer recommends (or
does not recom mend) the program me/seri es/f i I m
5 comments on the actors' performances (and/or other
opinions)
6 an interesting beginning
Borgen EIEIZ'I
Did gou miss Borgen first time? Well, now there's another
chance to see this first-class political drama from Denmark.
Borgen means 'castle' in Danish, and refers to the building in
Copenhagen which is the home of the government.

i:il The review on the right is about a political drama. Borgen tells the storg of Birgitte Ngborg, a 40-gear-old
politician who ls the leader of the minor Moderate Partg. After
Before you read it, check that you know the meaning
a general election, Ngborg shocks evergone - even herself-
of these words.
when she becomes Denmark's first female Prime Minister. But
government leader political party she must work successfullg with others to stag in power.
general election prime minister Ngborg is an honest woman with a good sense of humour. She
n8
enjogs a warm familg life, and the excellent scenes with her
ES
i::li Read the review on the right. Is it positive or husband and two children are at the heart of the drama.
negative? Would you like to watch this series? There are other strong female characters - for example, Katrine
F@nsmark, the goung TV journalist who interviews Ngborg.
'::i,.. Read the text again and answer these questions.
Borgen is a modern and intelligent drama with great
1 Do you think Nyborg is a pleasant character? Why?/
performances bg the main actors, especiallg Sidse Babett
Why not?
Knudsen as Ngborg. See it - or see it again!
2 ln what way are Nyborg and Fonsmark similar?
3 Why do you think BBC4 is showing this series again?

: ;,.',.: Compare your answer to Exercise B with the

review. Are there any differences?

i : l.r What information do you find in each paragraph

.S of the text?
)ur
*¡
'§
A common mistake when writing a review is to
write a lot about the story, but very little about your
opinions of the programme. How many sentences in
the review in Exercise 9b tell us the story of Borgen?
't
1 Summarising Look at the texts on the right about
two TV programmes. Make them shorter by taking out
two sentences from text 1 and three sentences from
text 2. Keep the sentences with important information
about each story.
Io
i i* write a review for a website of a TV programme
or series you saw recently. Alternatively, write a review
of a film, play or book (novel).
E
In the American comedy A Fresh Start' Crislina
and DeeDee become good friends at worl<' Both
of them are about 23 years old' They don't like
their jobs - or their boss! Together' they rlecide
to set uP their own companY'
2
There's a great new soap opera on Channel 6.Then
and Now follows the lives of two families in the
small town of Boxville. The town is famous for its
many black cats. One of the families is quite poor,
while the other is extremely rich. They live on
opposite sides of the town. Before long, members
of the two very different families meet - with
surprising resultsl

29
t',
t ¡i
li'

lii
l
Health
4.'.1 D ITHOUT B

'The iirst wealth is health.' Ralph Waldo Emerson, 1 803-1 882, US writer

VOCAB U LARY
',.if iil.. li \',r¡-)Rlf5

Work with a partner. Which word is the odd one out in each
group? Why? Use your dictionary if you need help.
-l a cloctor an optician a clinic a nurse Podcast results L-6
2 medicine a dentist an operation a vaccination 1 F;eLd Ciary: l\ew iife begins
3 a serious illness a minor illness a hospital an injury i A day in the life of one of our nurses,
. .j;.* Mark the word stress on the words above. Then listen I Beverty Timpteton, in Sri Lanka. She has
and check.
: worked in many different countries, but
I tn¡s is her most difficutt position so far.
E Flealthy teeth for the yaung
READINC During their first week of action in rural
2a lnternational Medi-Aid (lMA) is a healthcare charity that works areas, dentists in two new mobile ctinics
in poor and disaster-hit areas of the world. On its website, there have treated more than 600 children.
are regular audio reports from the places they are working in. 3 Wcrking in the C*ng*
Look at the list of podcasts for IMA and answer these questions. Miles Gattant, a doctor from London,
'1 Which podcasts are by and about people who provide care? tatks about his current work with us in
the Congo. He hasn't worked in a foreign
2 Which podcasts are about medical facilities? country before.
3 Which podcast is about a financial problem?
4 H*spiteI building ce ntinues
2b Exploring facts Prepare your answers for these questions. To date, our team in Sri Lanka has buitt four
Then discuss with your partner. hospita[s, providing healthcare to atmost
hatf a mittion people.
1 Why do you think:
a) Beverly often works for IMA in different countries? 5 Tr*ining lccal peopl* !n Kenya
b) IMA sometimes uses mobile clinics? During this year, we have trained 500 locaI
peopte to care for people in their vitlages
c) IMA is training local people in healthcare?
who have minor itlnesses.
d) IMA training is only for treating minor illness?
2 What do you think are the positive and negative sides of the four
fi Farced cic*ur* of n":ob!le ctinics in Ethiapie
We have closed our heatthcare programme
facts in question 1?
in Ethiopia because of a lack of funding.
3 What is your opinion of foreign charities and health workers
providing healthcare in other countries?
 LISTEN INC :i,,: .',, , , , .
: ,, Which of these time expressions
can we use with the present perfect?
3a §! Listen to four extracts and match them with
the podcasts in Exercise 2 (1-6). five months ago last year yesterday this year
o'clock today in the last few days never
at five
3b tisten again and answer these questions. this week on December 20th so far to date
1 How many IMA clinics were there in Africa last year?
2 How did Miles feel in the UK? 5b Uow do we make the present perfect (affirmative
3 Why is the jungle clinic 'the only hope' for the and negative sentences, questions and short answers)?
villagers? b'l Langua$e reference and extra practice, pages 10S-109
4 When did IMA decide to train local people?
5 When did the training course begin? 6 Complete these podcast summaries with the
6 When does Vera's course end? present perfect or past simple of the verbs in brackets.
7 What caused the damage in Sri Lanka? Underline the time expressions which helped you to
8 In how many clinics does Beverly work? decide which tense to use.
3c Look at Audio script 4.2 on page 15'l and check
your answers.
tll{,ci litli;vltu-
CRAMMAR M-é i.:Aid
PRISENT PERFECT (1 )
Podcast results 1-6
4a These sentences all describe completed actions.
Underline the actions in each sentence. i 1 A survivor's story One week ago, Asif _
-l I've worked in Kenya, Nepal and Peru. outside to co[[ect some water. Seconds later.
2 On 1 st January 2012, we decided to solve this a bomb exptoded. (go)
problem. .- ,,,,,,, ,,, ,, ..:. So far this year, 110 [oca[ nurses
3 So far, in my time here, l've probably saved about a training courses in Aceh province.
hundred lives. (comptete)
4 Last year, we ran ten health centres in Africa. .. ., l:,:' ., ,' : : i ,ri':i Last week, IMA ___ a special
exhibition of photographs by survivors. (organise)
4b Answer these questions about the sentences above. .:¡. I ,.r ¡:,,,'-r. ..:, ...;r":i:1 Thf S yeaf, Wg tWO Child
1 Which tense is each sentence in: past simple or nutrition ctinics in Gaza and we hope to buitd two
present perfect? more next year. (buil,d)
2 Look at the past simple sentences. Which one is in Darfur
.: .'r.. ..'¡t,.. ,,. :., . Refugees any food
about a period of time in the past? Which one gives supp[ies this month as the fighting continues.
the exact time of the action? (not receive)
]S
rt
3 Look at the present perfect sentences. Are they about
:: :¡, ¡ ;,¡,, ,: - Nearty 12,000 people to raise
finished or unfinished periods of time? What is the
l. vitaIfunds for IMA at a charrty footba[[ match on
period of time in sentence 1 ? Do they give the exact Christmas Day. (helpJ
time of the actions?

ICS
4 Match these time lines with the sentences.

100 Now

E SPEAKIN C
Now
10 7a Complete the questions below with the verbs
gn
E] in the box. Ask and answer the questions with your
partner.
Nolv

I four tr see (x2) read give visit

ost
Now '1 Have you _ the dentist this year?
1 )an 2O12
2 When did you last an optician?
iocaL 3 Have you ever a doctor in another country?
loq
>uv 4 Have you _ stories in the news about
organisations Iike IMA?
rio pia 5 Have you ever money to a charity?
You often use the present perfect to talk about actions
tmme
that are completed beiore norv. These actions are 7b you are going to find out about students' Iife
tO
'b' completed in a period of time that is unfinished. You experiences (what they have done in their lives).
do not say the exact time in the past of the action. Turn to page 134.

JI
 BRAIN FOOD

-
SPEAKINC AND READINC 3a Read the report again. How many of each thing
(1-3) does the article mention? of
1 Discuss these questions in small groups.
1 Describe your usual diet. What do you eat that's 1 types of food 1

good / not good for you?

2 mental health problems
2 When you were younger, was your diet different?
3 research studies 2

3b wr¡te a sub-heading for each paragraph in the 3

2a Sort these words into two groups: A (food and
Research review section of the report.
nutrition) and B (mental health and the mind).
4
3c What do these words refer to in the report?
carbohydrates depression poor concentration
junk food vitamins nuts motivation 1 this food (line 9)
rice brain memory salmon mood 2 a serious mental health problem for the elderly
(lines 21-22) qu
mental illness sugar
3 that (is probably not...) (line27) Iar

2b fne Scottish Health Authority (SHA) is planning a

4 the two (lines 4041) kn
1
public health campaign about food and the mind.
Read their report on this subject below and answer VOCABULARY
these questions. REPORTiNC VTRBS
)
1 Why does the SHA think this campaign is necessary? 4a Match the verbs in column A with verbs with
2 Complete the summary below of the article with the similar meanings in column B.
words in the box. AB 3

concentration healthy illnesses mental research

say feel
reveal state +

Recent 1
has shown that a 2_
think suggest
l recommend show J
diet is good for your health, from minor
issues such as a levels to serious 4b f¡nO the examples of the above verbs in the
(e.g. depression). report. Which word comes after the verbs?

*-
S.i
+.8
*.
+ #É
P"r+*
i¡ti"

ffi

INTRODUCTION rs selling junk food, there was an increase in the students' NL

We have known about the link between what we eat and concentration levels. :,¡ Th
our physical health for a long time. Recently, we have With regard to serious mental illnesses, Jacka (2010)and par
learned more about the link between our diet and our mind. Sanchez-Villegas (2009) say that eating fruit, vegetables and hei
fish helps to prevent depression, but eating a lot of sugar ea1
s RESEARCH REVIEW
zo makes depression more likely. Some research also reveals c0l
The Mental Health Foundation produced a report called
that a healthy diet can prevent Alzheimer's (a serious mental r; prr
Feeding [Vlinds. The report states that the brain is a is¿
health problem for the elderly) (lVIcCulloch and Ryrie, 2006I.
physical part of our body that needs the correct food to
work properly, just like the heart. This food should contain However, many medical prof essionals f eel that the CC
ro carbohydrates, vitamins and fish oil. research by Jacka and Sanchez-Villegas is early research, 0v
There is also research that shows how a good diet can
:s and that we need to test their claims. Dr John Powell, a her
psychologist, thinks that although many of his patients with !r n0'
improve the behaviour of children and their concentration
depression have a poor diet, that is probably not the reason tW
(Tomlinson et al., 2009). Daniel Brown, the head teacher
for their illness. an
of Barnet School, says that after his school stopped
 4c Choose the best verb to complete each
of these sentences.
1 The bar chart shows / states that sales
changed over time.
2 The reporf reveals / recommends that
we build a subway train system.
3 The numbers think / show that people
travel more in the summer.
4 The author feels / recommends fhat
things were difficult in the past.
5 Justifying opinion Discuss these
questions in small groups. Use the
Ianguage from Exercise 4 and your
knowledge to justify your opinions.
1 Do you think there is a link between
food and your mind? Do you know
about any examples from your culture?
2 Does the food you eat sometimes
affect your mood, e.g. a favourite dish,
chocolate?
3 Do you eat much of the food mentioned
in the report?
4 ls your usual diet healthy for both your
mind and body? Can you improve it?
5 What other things do you think are good
for your mind, e.g. sleep?
CRAMMAR
AR.TICLES
6a Find these words and phrases in the report. Then use alan or
no article to complete the rules below and add examples.
a psychologist an important topic an rncrease
a report junk food vitamins
1 Use with a singular noun (countable) to mention
something for the first time
2 Use to talk about a person's job.
3 Use with plural nouns, and uncountable nouns
when they refer to people or things in general.
6h f¡nA more examples in the report of when you use / don't use
a and an.
,e rhe
::., Look at these examples from the report. ls fhe used because
the noun is unique, or because it is specific?
1 the link between our diet and our mind (line 4)
2 the heart (line 9)
3 the head teacher of Barnet school (lines 1 3 1 4)
4 the students' (line 15)
5 the research by Jacka (lines 23-2,1)

: Complete the gaps in these questions with a/an/the or leave

them blank.
1 What was last meal that you cooked or prepared?
2 Do you usually have __ drink with 1,our meals?
3 How often do you eat chocolate?
4 In Britain, they say ' upple a day keeps the doctor
away'? What does this mean? What sayings and
traditions about food and health are there in
your culture?
5 Do you agree with __ conclusion oi SHA report?
What health publicity campaigns are there in 1,s¡¡¡
country?

ffiUTNlTICINI DETA¡I.§ SPEAKINC AND WRITINC

¡o The research recommends that we eat
d particular food for particular mental iii Rsk your partner the questions in Exercise 7
health issues. To improve your memory,
; and
eat salmon and nuts. To improve your
I write a short description of your typical diet. lnclude your
healthy and unhealthy eating habits.
als concentration, eat vegetables. lf you have
-, nta I
;; problems sleeping, eat nuts. lf depression
06). is a problem, eat brown rice.
§ mrrr rHE EXPERT
CONCLU§¡ON Watch an interview with Dr John Briffa, a doctor
rc h,
0verall, it seems clear that we need to eat who specialises in nutrition, about brain food.
.l
healthy food for our mind. Although we do Turn to page 27 for video activities.
with +o not fully understand the link between the
as0n two, we suggest that we choose this as
an importanttopic for publicity.

no
JJ
 H EALTH ¡SSU ES

PREPARATION What advice can you give the students in Exercise 2a? KE
Have you (or has someone you know) ever ,:'.",:'::: Listen to the advice which Mavis gives to the
experienced any of these health and well-being students, and complete her notes below. Was any of
problems? Do you know why you (he/she) had those her advice the same as yours? che
problems? How did you (he/she) solve them? 1

. hacl heaclaches
+
. felt run-don,n - lacking energy and feeling tired 2
. ielt homesick ADVICE REASON
o been unable to concentrate on studies or work J
. felt stressed by exams or worl<load Abigail 4
Take more a little.
SITUATION 5
Drink less
3a ffi Universities often have Student Health and
Well-Being Services which provide help and advice to No coffee in the _. Coffee keeps you 1
students who have a range of worries, problems and )
minor health concerns. Mavis Much is a Health Officer
Don't take _ pills.

at a university. Listen to two students talking to her,

and complete Mavis's notes.
Dane scri
Name: Abrgait Join a club. Make
Year: Fina/ Stop home rea
Subject: wo
Problem:
basketball. American and
Nemous aboat exal?rs + nol 1
_ we//.
Background: Sludies a// Change eating
2
Goes lo be¿. al , gey's up al _ Don't go to McDonald's Need 3
Has_lnea/s¿á.ay,
Druks a /o/ al _. 4
Does _ exer¿ise, Join a cookery _. i _to cook. 5
Name: 6
Dane _
Year: a
b
Subject:
C
Problem: Fee/s d
Background Nol maá,e ma/ // _, e
tVisses his molher aná her f
Onü, hapZf when gaas lo
l,ruI
§RE
_,
lhere near/y
/astng
goes
T§ HELP'} Exe
n his sfuáies.
Wan/s
*i

i
-\
I
f,
riL
#
hI I
!
s

ti
Er
F.
il
 !§i$t]iffi::::

HEALTH ISSUES

2a? KEY LANCUACE PRONUNCIATION

=
CIVINC ADV¡CE AND REASONS -
I the .,.,' .t:t: - .,:t rr'.i i i t'.'i,,r r Look at theSg phrases
.-rrr..r .rr'it. :

of 3a @ Complete these sentences. Then listen and from Exercise 3a. Which words do vou think are kev
check. words?
1 I think you _ take more breaks during the day 1 during the day
W
re § 2
in
You
_ to relax a little.
drink a lot of coffee it stops you
2 drink a lot of coffee

:.,:; :i¡|.§ Key words are usually stressed. Listen and

:§
from relaxing.
*
3 check your ideas above.
_ drinking just two or three cups a day.
* 4 you play sport, your mind will stop thinking .,,,, il¡§
Which are the key words in these phrases?
= *
about home. Listen and check. Practise saying the phrases.
§ 5 And you to change your eating habits. 'l You should take more breaks.
*
t 3b Answer these questions about the language above, 2 lf you play sport. ...
'tat 1 Which phrases do you use to give a piece of advice? 3 Change your eating habits.
ata

2 Which phrases do you use to give the reasons for / 4 lt has a lot ot. vitamins.
::
explain your advice? 5 Reduce your stress levels.

3c Find more examples of these phrases in Audio IASK

script 4.4 on page 152. \': V I \1, \i/ V l\ l- \ir\/! ' i \' : i ¡ - -: L

4a Match these pieces of advice (1-6) with the i-:,,,r Work with a partner.
)me reasons below (a-fl. Then choose the correct Iinking Student A: You are a health officer at a universitr.
word or phrase. Prepare to interview and advise a student. Use the Kev
1 You ought to eat some fruit every day because / in language and the Useful phrases on this page to help.
order to
2 You should go to the optician's because / to
3 You shouldn't play computer Bames all night to /
What are you studying?
because
How can I help?
4 Try changing your chair in order to / because
How long have you had this problem?
5 You should do some yoga to / because
6 Try eating a good breakfast in order to / because
Student B: You are a university student. You are going to
a that gives you a lot of energy for the day.
discuss your health problems with a health officer. Turn
b check your eyesight.
to page 148 and prepare to tell the health officer about
c it has a lot of vitamins.
your problems.
d reduce your stress levels.
e that makes you tired in class. 6b Perform the role-play.
f make your back better.
7 Change roles and repeat the role-play.
4b t"take logical connections. Which problems in
Student A: Turn to page 140.
Exercise 1 could the solutions above solve?
Student B: Prepare to be the health officer.

tii
..

rJ i

&

§i
6f

!!!É,r!ffiñ!!" s. l
&
.:'ll {jlr:, s
,ñ§s*tl.¡*etj
yo*r *r*i
ter$rry- f{-r
¿ * r
4.4 STUDY SKILLS 4h Wlrat kind of words (nouns,
CUESSII\'C II..IE MEANINC CF UNK§OWi\ WORDS adjectives, etc.) are the words you do not
know in Exercise 4a?
i Look at this statement. Do you think this is good advice?
' ' :. it:::,,':'it,',.t.l,' LOOk at thg
-: :' 1
Remember, when you're reading, you usually know a lot of nonsense words in these sentences.
words in the text. So be positive - concentrate mainly on those What do you think they mean? 2
words. Don't panic about the words you don't know.
1 He survived the accident with only
minor g/oobers. gloobers = it'¡juries J
j.:Which of these strategies do you use when you read a word that 2 She's very healthy. She has never
you do not know? spent a day in tong in her life. .t
1 underline/highlightit 3 I can't remember the exact details of his
2 ignore it case. I need to check his medical donks.
3 try to guess the meaning and keep reading 4 Eating a good breakfast gives you a lot
th
4 immediately look it up in your dictionary of c/esf for the day.
\(
5 look it up in your dictionary if you see the same word two or three
times and you can't guess its meaning i.,-r Read this text. What is the situation? 1

6 look it up in your dictionary if you can't guess the meaning, but l

)
you feel the word is important
7 ask your teacher or classmates My health has been good in the last few
8 something else years, but this morning I felt awful' I l
had a bad earache and a stomach ache
i-;Compare your methods with a partner. Which of the above are and a pain in mY chest, so I went to 5
good ways of coping with new words, do you think? the local doctor. The waiting room
was crowded. One man had a horrible
,..:. ,-:,..':::, r.:r!r:r::i. ,r Look at these sentences. What kind of word red rash on his face. A woman was
(noun, adjective, or verb) goes in each gap?
coughing all the time. A Young man
1 This course has given me many skills. _ in a wheelchair had his leg in plaster'
2 That doctor has probably saved about a hundred There were a lot of elderlY PeoPIe'
3 At the clinic, they _
people with serious illnesses. They were probably waiting for their
flu iniections. I waited for ages. Finally,
Think of some words that could go in the gaps above. the doctor called mY name. When I
- Sometimes you can understand if a sentence is positive or negative, went into her room, she was sitting
even if you do not fully understand it. Look at these sentences. Which at the computer, with a stethoscoPe
have a positive sense? Which are negative? Explain your choices. beside her.

1 She made a quick recovery, and the doctor discharged her two
days early.
*l¡ Underline the words in the text that
r¡uic,( rer.ove ry ,.. tw,o da1,5 6¡¿¡/1, * posirive you do not know or are not sure about.
2 The scan shows that he has broken his arm. Compare with a partner. Can you explain/
3 The massive doses of painkillers made me sick. guess any words you don't know? Use the
4 Luckily, I found the crumpled prescription in my back pocket. strategies on this page.

.!
+
.\
3 ir¡ld
t1
te .r..,r.i ¿t

§-
1) r5

(a
,?-
n--

ottlISIls

TI
I

q tuel ,.-t\
 ''""'r
WRITINC SKILLS :.',1 Find phrases in the email that you use when you
'lot {\ i\Fa-\R''i\l l\i \;i want to:
r' Discuss these questions with a partner. 1 tell someone about something that you have just
remembered
1 How many emails do you receive a day? Do you 2 change the subject you are talking about.
read them all in full?
2 Tell your group about an email you received that .:.'r. Can you find any other features of informal
,,
made you huppy. writing in the email?
3 Who do you send emails to? Why do you send those
emails? How much do you usually write? : : f¡nd one phrase in each box that we do not use in
4 Do you pay attention to spelling and punctuation informal emails (or letters).
IS when you write emails?
Greetings
,ks.
lot
,i'i lnferring Read the informal email below and answer Hello Hi Dear Jane
these questions. Use the ideas in this lesson to help
you understand any difficult words or phrases. Opening phrases
r? 1 Why has Abi written this email? How's life? How are things? How are things going?
2 Where do you think Abi is Iiving at the moment? Hope you're Ollwell. How are you?
3 What do you think is happening in Abi's bedroom at Thank you for your message ol 26 May.
,v
home? Hope everything's OK. Hope all's well.
I 4 What kind of relationship do you think Abi has with
re Endings
her mother?
.o
5 How do you think Abi's mother felt when she read Take care Yours faithfully Bye for nor,r, Love
II
1e
this email? See you soon Cheers With love Love irom
]S
: ;',: Find the two examples of thanks in the email.
tn
. ffi inbox 6 I Then decide if these statements are true or false.
Things arc getting better
.L.

e. 1 You use thank.s with lor + a noun (phrase) or a verb

:ir Hi Mum
ending in -ing.
l)', 2 You can put other words after thanks, e.g. very
Hope you're OK. Have you watched any of the tennis this
I week?
much, again.
10
pe Thanks very much for that pile of mail. Most of it was junk, i r, 4¡1",
.,'r saying thanks, we often add another
but there was one very ¡mportant letter from the bank! sentence for support. Match the phrases (1-4) with the
Anyway, this is basically to let you know l'm feeling a supporting com ments (a-d).
lot better about things now. On Monday, I went to see 1 Thanks for your advice.
t
one of the Health Officers here at the uni. She was really 2 Thanks for doing the shopping.
helpful, though quite strict, too! She's given me some 3 Thanks for dinner.
ún/
ideas to help me sleep. l've now cut out coffee in the 4 Thanks for the chocolates.
evenings completely, and there's already a big difference.
the And ... guess what? l'm even thinking about doing some a lt's my turn next time!
sport - but not until after the exams! b They were deliciousl
By the way, have those guys finished in my room yet?
c lt was lovely.
I can't wait to see what it looks like!
d lt's been really useful.
Thanks again for sending my mail. See you next month
'i .i Look at these sentences. What does mean: is,
's
Love has or the possessive (e.g. Simon's health)?

Abi
'l She's had an operation.
2 lt's a boy!
3 There's no problem with Danisha's eyesight.
4 The doctor's skills are very useful there.
t: which of these people can you send an informal 5 John's broken his leg.
emailto? 'i,!, Write an informal email to a friend. Choose either
1 a brother or sister 3 a doctor
situationlor2below.
2 abankmanager 4 afriend
1 Thank your friend for a present or for helping you to
'j
i.:,, Here are two features of informal writing: do something.
. informal vocabulary (e.9. guys) 2 Tell your friend about something that has happened
. contractions (e.g. / m) in your Iife recently.
Find other examples of these in the email.
 Natural world
5.1 ISLAN DS L¡I
3a
wh
Crt
Crr
Ma

3
is a
1
2

4
5

3c
you
str¡r

CF

l.

',\/i,.mission is fo crea¿e a wrsrld where ute can live in harmony with nature.'Jane Coodall , 1934-, British naturalist
(
con
VOCABULARY READING bra
I 1\ I]S' \PFS and
2a Read the text. Are these sentences true or false? lf false, say why.
How many of these things can you 'l There is a single mountain.
1

see in the photos (A-CX 2 The water in the lagoon isn't very deep. 2
beach cliff coast forest hill 3 The colour of the water is the same everywhere.

island lagoon lake rock peak

4 You can drive round Bora Bora very quickly because it's a small island 3
mountain sand wave sea river 2b Collaboration Work with a partner. Read the text again and use
the information to draw a simple map of Bora Bora. Compare your 4
"l
b Wn¡cn of these adjectives do you map with the one on page 134.
5
often use with the words above?
6
'f¡i.{.}rt{,AL
cold deep high long sandy
i§ {,.ái{ *.§
steep tropical warm -)
a -sanr/r- be;:ch

1
,, Discuss these questions with a partner
What do you think of when you think
r
_q

of an island?
j thi¡-¡k oi a tropical
bcar:lres a.n¡L
island with sa.nc)'¡
a wa¡'m l:lt:e sea ...
tu
-4

2 Which islands have you visited

(in your own country or abroad)?
Describe them.
3 Which islands would you Iike to visit?
What do you know about them?
4 The places in the photos are all
islands. Where in the world do vou an airport on a smaller island north of the main island. You can drive
think they are? round Bora Bora in about an hour (it's only 6km long and 3.5km wide),
but it's betler to travel by bike. When you're thirsty, stop for a coconut
+L^ +^- ,.,i+L L,"-^ l--i€^l
 LISTEN INC 6a as ... as Look at this sentence and answer the
questions below.
3a § Listen to a TV programme about islands.
What do these numbers refer to? About 50,000 people Iive around the coast, where the
climate is not as cold as in the centre.
Greenland: 1,290; 85"/"; 1.5km; 55,000
Creat Britain: 3; 60 million
1 Which part of the island is cold?
2 Which part is very cold?
Madagascar: 1 00 million; 1 B million; 50
6b Choose the correct form. Look at Audio script 5.1
3b look at these statements. Can you remember which if necessary.
island each one refers to? Listen again and check.
1 You useas... as / notas... asto saythattwothings
1 lt's popular with tourists. are the same.
2 The animals and plants are different from other
2 You use as ... as / not as ... as to talk about
places.
differences between things.
3 There are big differences in climate between
different parts of the island. 6c Complete these sentences using (not) as ... as and
4 lts name doesn't describe it well. the adjective in brackets.
5 There are big problems for the animals. 1 Greenland is Creat Britain
(green)
3c Which island(s) from the TV programme would
you like to visit? Why? Discuss with two or three other 2 The south of England is the
students. north of England. (hilly)
3 Parts of Creat Britain are its
European neighbours. (beautiful)
CRAMMAR 4 ln Bora Bora, the main island is
ac§1rARt5il\5 the lagoon. (important)
,,.i Underline the comparisons in the text on Bora Bora ''::,..::,,: r..,., .. Talk aboutthe four islands using the
s¡'*¿:!jr:r islrrrjr fl;l mo:i t:*,:uliit¡I i.qIanrl adjectives in the box.
5 Complete these extracts from the listening with the beautiful calm cheap exciting impressive
comparative or superlative form of the adjectives in interesting magical peaceful pleasant
brackets. Then look at Audio script 5.1 on page 152 popular romantic strange wild
and check.
1y l'm sure Bora Bara is more romantic than Creenland.
1 In the south, it's hot and dry, but the climate
is in the middle of the island. (cool) I think Creenland isn't as wild as Madagascar.
2 The island's animals are the lemurs
(famous) SPEAKIN C
rnd 3 Creat Britain is many of its European
neighbours. (crowded) ;:,. Long turn taking Think of two places you know
;e
4 Wales and the north of England are hilly, while the and prepare to talk about them for one minute,
r.
south and east of England are (flat) describing and comparing their features.
5 Greenland is island in the world. (big)
:-:i.. Work in small groups. Tell your group about your
6 Madagascar is fourth
places. Ask your partners about their places.
island in the world. (large)
l'cl like tc te!l you about tvvt¡ tlii{erent ¡.;arts of 5¡';;in.
* Language referenee and extra practice, pages 110-111 ln the narth, rhere a¡e sr;me high nr:untains and lirrt'.rls
coaler ancl

Er

. a*Cr'- ¡
&tu. C
1m

nd
go

ris
LVe

-.é. .i

¡¡ -.;§r
-
'*..
 INVASION

READINC
' Can you name the animals in the photos (A-E)
below? Have you ever seen any of these animals?
What do these animals eat?
2a Read the magazine article below and choose the
best summary.
"-)¡a Read the article again and answer these questions. \(
1 What do you think happens to the small food shop
when the supermarket starts business?
2 ls the red squirrel like the small shop or the anl
supermarket? sef
3 How did the grey squirrel come to England?
4 Do all invasive animals cause the extinction of
1

2
1 lt ¡s about the problems that new animals face in native animals?
new environments. 5 Are there more large animal invaders than small ones?
2 lt is about how foreign animals affect local animals -ilr Thinking beyond the text Discuss these questions.
the
and environments. e\¿
3 lt is about the similarities between the natural 1 Why do you think the apple snail doesn't cause
environment and the business world. many problems in Europe?
2 What do you think are the 'obvious reasons' for the
?h nead the article again and complete this table. fact that the amount of animal invasion is increasing?
3 Can you think of any examples of border controls?
Animal Where lnvaded Problem 4 Are there any problems with invasive species in
from? where? caused? your country? \ gra
C

grey squirrels uh
red deer
rabbits
apple snails
I
I
qu,

Animal invaders
How much danger are we in? How many invaders are there?
C

un
Imagine you run a small food shop in your local neighbourhood. Suddenly, a giant ab,
supermarket opens for business opposite your shop. What happens to you and
your business?
\O
In the natural world, things are often the same. The red squirrel was living happily
in England when, in the 1880s, many people brought grey squirrels from North 1

America as pets. These pets escaped into the wild and ate the same food l
3
as the red squirrels, which means that now there aren't many native red
squirrels in England and they are in danger of extinction.
I

There are many invaders that don't cause extinctions, but they do destroy plants 5
and harm the economy. For example, European red deer are destroying the
forests in South America because they eat the young trees. Rabbits have
spread from Europe and now eat farmers'crops all over the world. These kinds of
invaders cause problems for humans, unlike the grey squirrels, which cause
.' I
little damage to plants and don't damage the economy. I
?,

Few invaders are large land animals; most of them are plants or
small animals like insects. These smaller animals often mean
farmers lose a lot of money. For example, the apple snail from
South America doesn't cause much harm in Europe, but it causes a
lot of damage in South-East Asia because it loves to eat rice plants.
For several obvious reasons, the number of
animal invaders is increasing in every
country in the world, and many countries k
hope to control this situation with, for
example, strong border controls.
However, it seems impossible for us
to bring such animal invasions to a
---.t
-L.'

stop, perhaps because changes are

always part of nature. i::
fr*.
?*
 ns. VOCABULARY 7 Complete this paragraph with much, manyt a lot of,
p NOU§]S AND VERBS (1) little or few.
ll$* Many words are both nouns and verbs, without
There are 1 man.y animals that are invaders, but perhaps
any change in form. Look at these examples. ln each
there are ' , if any, invaders that are worse than
sentence, is damage a noun or a verb?
humans. Two hundred thousand years ago, there were
1 Crey squirrels don't damage the economy. very r- humans; now there are nearly six billion
2 Apple snails cause a lot of damage in Asia. of them. Unfortunately, there isn't 1_ information
tes? about the early history of this species, but it seems
4l: These words can be both nouns and verbs. Are certain that the first humans came from Ethiopia in
they nouns, verbs or both in the article? Underline the
ns, east Africa. Aiter 5_ thousands of years (150-
examples that you find.
180), humans were living on every continent on Earth.
shop cause harm plant How 6___ damage have these invaders caused?
te hope control stop change Unfortunately, they have caused' _damage.
ing? They have destroyed u_ native plants and
?,
r¡:. Are the nouns in Exercises 4a and 4b countable animals. Beiore humans developed industry in the
.l
(C) or uncountable (UX What do you know about the 9th century, there was " pollution. Now,
: there is 10 pollution and it is causing
{
grammar of countable and uncountable nouns? With
which can you use a/an/the? Which have plural forms? ''_ harm to the global environment. lt seems
that humans need to change "_ things about
their lifestyle in order to survive.
CRAMMAR
EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY

§a Which of these words and phrases mean a large

quantity/number/amount and which mean the opposite?
I
ln spoken and informal written English, you often use
not a lot of , not many and not much instead of ¡-erl
a lot of few little several many rnrif.t and little, e.g. There aren't a lot oi students in nty
class. There aren't many cinemas in my city. There isn't
l§ h you
can use a lot of with both countable and much time left.
uncountable nouns. When do you use the other words
above? Find and underline the examples in the article.

í-¡ Are these statements true or false? Use the examples
you underlined in the article to help you.
ri 1 You never use much in questions.
2 You often use many in positive sentences.
ri
SPEAKIN C
ffia Compare your Iife with your partner's. First use
the sentence beginnings (or similar ones) to make
true sentences about you. lf you need some help with

\§' 3 You don't usually use much in positive sentences. ideas, turn to page 131.
I I't'. lnstead, you use a lot of ln
.
my country, there are many / a lot of / few
: I 4 You never use much in negative sentences. ln my city, lhere's a Iot ol / little ...
5 You can use many in questions and negative ln my college, lhere aren'l mrny / a lot oi ...
sentences.
ln my workplace, there isn't a lot of / much ...
¡| Language reference and extra practice, pages 110-11 ln my house,
I have got many / a lot of .
People in my family haven't got many / much
spend a lot of time ...
don't spend a lot of time
tr ,:''" Now turn your sentences into questions
tr
and interview your partner to find out
if his/her life is similar to yours.
Are there many dangerous animab in
your country? Cive some examples.
What do you spend a lot of time
doing? Why da you da that?

*
 ANIMALS ONLINE

SITUATION KEY LANCUACE

JUSTIFYINC CHOICES (
3 * Look at the website on page 43. What kind of
- organisation is it for? 4a ffi Complete these sentences from the
'l a business conversation. Then listen and check.
2 a charity 1 ... in this one, in the foreground, you can _
3 an academic institution three whales that are ...
4 a government department 2 ... there _ some people who are trying to help
them.
"€
h wfr¡cn Iink (A-E) do you click on for the following 3 ... in the background, loads of people are _.
information? 4 I like the _ it shows a team of people who ...
1 people who kill animals illegally 5 ... they very professional ...
2 special accommodation for animals 6 ... this one very unusual.
3 caring for ill animals 7 ... we need to create the right
- picture, the message is _. for our charity.
4 animals that are not free 8 ln the first
5 saving animals from danger 9 l've got two pictures of people are saving sea
birds...
?a % The AAI Website Manager, Neil, and the
Communications Director, Katie, are choosing some 4b Answer these questions about the sentences above.
photos for the new AAI website animal rescue page. 1 Which tense do we use to describe someone's
They have each brought two pictures to discuss. Listen actions in a picture?
to their conversation and answer these questions. 2 What type of word do we use after the verb look?.
1 ln what order do they discuss the photos (A-D)? 3 Underline the phrases for describing the position of PI
2 Which two photos do they most like? something in a picture.
3 Which one of the links (A-E) on the website home 4 Look at sentences 2 and 9. What are the two pieces
page are they choosing a photo for? of information in each? an
5 Look at Audio script 5.2 on page 152 and find for
2l; Listen again and take notes. What comments do examples of comparatives and superlatives. Lis
they make about each picture? Pr,
4c Which sentences in Exercise 4a give facts, and
3¡.i Work in small groups and discuss these questions. which give opinions or ideas? 1i
1 What do you think of the reasons they give
about using each picture? Are they good
reasons? Why?Al/hy not? SO
2 Which picture from their first two choices is for
the best one to use, in your opinion? Why? rel

3l] ]§ Listen to Katie and Neil make their

final choice. Is it the same as yours?

+
\-=.

,-
:.l
C
'§ !
'-= I **
=* §
o*.* it §.
*
.-p
e.. 1
 ANIMALS ONLINE !!!!E=

ANIMAL AID &,,

INTERNATIONAL

I AboutAAl I Programmes I Events I Volunteer

p Welcome to Animal Aid lnternational. We work to save animals that are suffering, usuallg because of humans.
animals 0ur areas of activitg
iE D
l
:
x x x
ty.
Animal ¡escue: We Animal hospitals: ln Animal hunting: We An¡mal sanctuar¡es: Animal captivitg:
ea have teams of trained Africa, we have five support the police in We provide safe Mang zoos keep
rescue workers in animal hospitals with their fight against the places for animals to animals in awful
countries all over the experienced vets illegal hunting of wild live, for a long or short conditions. We
/e, animals. period of time. campaign to improve
world. and modern medical
equipment. animal welfare.

rf PRONUNCIATION TASK
CIVINC REASONS AND MAKINC CHOICES
5a ffi lVeak f*¡¡-¡:s Some words have both a strong
and a weak pronunciation. We often use the weak 7a Work with a partner. You are going to role-play a
form when the word is not stressed in a sentence. similar situation to the conversation in Exercise 2a. You
Listen to the sentence below and notice the weak each have two pairs of photos for different links on
pronunciation of fhe and can. Listen again and repeat. the AAI website. Plan your key points. Use the Useful
The stressed words are underlined. phrases below to help.
'l
ln this one, in the foreground, you can see three whales. StudentA: You are the Web Manager. Turn to page 41
to see your photos.
Sh ffi These weak forms all have the same vowel Student B: You are the Communications Director. Turn
sound, the schwa /e/. Listen and repeat the weak to page 145 to see your photos.
forms of a, the, that, of, to, some, are and can and the
related sentences.

6 Work with a partner. Look at Audio script 5.3 on
page 153 and practise saying some of the sentences.
Focus on the stressed words. Use weak forms in
the unstressed words when possible. Does your
partner use good sentence stress? Can you
hear the weak forms?
This one is nicer / clearer / stronger / weaker / more
unusual / more dramatic / more powerful.
I like the way this one ...
Ithink this one is better because ...
It makes you feel sad I angry / ...
Ithink we should use this one because ...

E>§
7 7b Have a meeting with your partner to choose a
picture for each link on the website. Take turns to

V describe and contrast your photos and explain which

you think is best for the website link and why. Then
comment on your partner's ideas and photos and
make a decision about which photos to use.
1§

-§
-§
r* §
.s

§ mrrr rHE EXPERT

áF +s Watch an interview with Careth Philips,
a professional photographer, about the
selection of photos.
Turn to page 127 for video activities.

43
STUDY SKILLS ,'..: Look at this student's writing. The teacher uses a
correction code. Correct the mistakes.
l.
Developing self-awareness Which of these fr¡ = grammar = wrong word (vocabulary)
,,/f,,/
sentences are true for you? Jfl = spelling údú = word order 1

1 I always check my writing carefully when l've finished. ¡ = missingword p= punctuation )

2 I read my teacher's comments and corrections 3

carefully. JpP l
3 When my teacher gives back my work, the only Many wtounfins are ¡u,,4pressive an0{ u4a0icdl,buf ifs m al
thing I look at is my mark.
NN
4 I look at my mistakes, but never remember them.
5 After my teacher gives back my work, I often rewrite ,^
il,up7rfakf .re Me r.vibe r thaf fhey can dls7 hdve
1
it to make it better.
o{angerours. tf w, a¡aflng fhea, tile shlul0{ tildke sure ,
-:. Match these common types of mistake with the
sentences below.
PNÜ 2

for exaaple fhaf ute have fhe e +uip{,Ae nf czrrecf .

J
qranrnrar vocabulary spelling punctuation
u orcl orcler leaving rvords out ,j"tr Read the rest of the student's work. Look for I
mistakes and write the correct symbol above the
1Th S an interesting idea mistake. Then check on page 135.
biggesf
2 Creenland is the Itgg* island in the world The utefher cdk chat47e verf +uick dnzl i{s edsy lzse
n$r §s
3 Creat Britain is as¡ot cold as Creenland. yzur Ndy.lf you don'f have auch expertwienf t ifs r ol,
the
§{
4 These animals have caused a lotrdamage. beffer q0 wifh szwie zne whl can yzu 7u¡de . lf you
tl7De ie S3 T,
5 The situation is bad, but it isn't u'seless.
have any d¡f{¡cult¡e s.
.l:
ádvie* **{Bfaí
::
6 Their adüse was very @#1.
i., ,,",r',' r', Changethe -,
position of oneword in
each sentence to make it correct.
1 A mountain bigger than a hill is.
2 Are many dangerous animals there in your country?
3 Pollution damages the environment natural. b
4 What you can see in the first picture? C

d
.
ji.; Add one word to each sentence to make it correct.
Are the missing words similar in any way? I

'l lt's fourth biggest island in the world.

Put
2 go(
These animals difficult to control.
3 Creat Britain is crowded than many other countries. a
4 This picture shows team of people. b
C
.!:.. l'r.r¡ r,t i:i":i:ir:r'r Correct the punctuation in this piece
of writing. Use full stops and capital letters, and take
out unnecessary commas.
M(

fhe nafural wzrld ¡svery itupzrfdnf f0 us dkd we

uusf be careful, n7f f0 olesfroy if or damage if ,

--
fzday, aany beaufrful places are in danger,frztvl -+ |

qree 4land fo maolalascar

:1
 '*
WRITINC SKILLS 4,§.1 i sl.'ii: 5tr'rieii{:i:! The topic sentence of a

WIlITI N C }TAR,{C RAPFIS paragraph tells us the topic of the paragraph. lt is

usually the first sentence of the paragraph. What is the
., Discuss these questions with a partner. topic sentence in the paragraph in Exercise B?
1 What is a paragraph? -t
2 How long are paragraphs? i31 Look at these topic sentences. What information
3 Why do we use paragraphs when we write? do you think we can find in the rest of the paragraph?
Think of two or three points.
i: Look back at the texts on pages 38 and 40. How 1 Russia is the world's largest country.
many paragraphs are there? 2 My favourite photo shows a family holiday when I

I Discuss these questions with a partner. was about ten years old.

1 Are there any volcanoes in your country? Are they
famous?
2 Have you ever been up a volcano? What do you
remember about it?
3 lf not, would you like to go up a volcano? Why?/
Why not?
4 We use special terms to talk about volcanoes. Do
you know what these words mean?
active cone dormant erupt an eruption
, :,'. j,:. : , ,
. , Read this paragraph about a
volcano in lceland. Then put the points below (a-h) in
the order they appear in the paragraph.
EyjafjallajdkulJ (pronounced: eh-a-fyat-}a-yo-kutl)
is an active volcano near the south coast of Iceland.
It's 1,666m high. This means it's not in fact one of
the largest volcanoes on the island. AIso, it's not
as dangerous as its neighbour, Katla, abovt 25km
away. But in 2010, it erupted and caused a lot of
problems for air traff,c in Europe.
a how dangerous it is e location
b effects of recent eruption f name 1
1 T i""ir,:,;.,: i:l'g.,1 '",u;¡r;,i: Look at the use of it and its
in the paragraph in Exercise B. Then improve this
paragraph about Mount Fuji by using lt and ifs.
Mount Fuji is perhaps the world's most famous
volcano. Mount Fuji is about 100km from Toyko,
in Japan. Mount Fuji is 3,776m high, and Mount
Fuji's shape is almost perfect - a cone with quite
steep sides. Mount Fuji is a dormant volcano
which last erupted in 1707.
€ ? Use these notes to write a paragraph about the
volcano Mauna Loa. Think about the best order for
the points, then join them up, and use reference
words (it, ifs).
e§e@&&GG.§
Localion: Hawaii, Paci{ic 0cean
{leighl, 4,170 melres
Nane, Mauna Loa
Lasl eruption: l9B4
Acliue or dotnanl: acliue

c height g size comparison Shape' quile flal

d date of recent eruption h active or dormant? Size, largesl aclive üolcalo in world
'r"i How is the information in the paragraph organised?
Put these points in the correct order. Why is this a
good order? , ., Write a paragraph about a natural feature in your
country, or a country you know well, e.g. a mountain,
a the eruption
lake or river.
b general information al¡out the volcano
c son with other volcanoes

€-tA*¿-

Mount Fu
:
,,

áa

45
5
 Society and famil V / .,¡it',r1,'i§.ir,.,¡,.
6.'.| TU RE OPPORTU N ITY LI:
;
IN THIS UNIT lut
fut
1

2
3
-+

)k

,<

'l l<novv I n,ant to have children wh ile my parents are still yoLtng enough to take care of them.' Rita Rudner, 1 95 3 , US comed ian

SPEAKINC 3c Complete this description of the IFA with a noun

or verb from Exercise 3a and 3c.
Are these statements true about your country?
1 Peo¡tle retire at a younger age than 30 years ago. The IFA 1p future trends and 2a_ business
2 ,\1ore ¡teople go on holiday abroad than 20 years ago. people so that they can'¡_ well and ai
3 \orvaclavs, manv people are using robots in their homes their chances to make a good ,p_. The IFA
4 ,\1ost people spend more time on the internet than 6a key data and 7i about society, )
rvith real people. e.g. the age of or_ and ec behaviour, and
it also considers what people are likely toron_.
READINC l

2a Read the IFA advert. Who uses the institute and its
]F

ffi§
services: politicians, business people or academics? Why? rFA 0890 546 99C
www.if a.co.uk
2b f¡nA words in the advert that mean: Future Analysis
1 someone who studies the future
2 fashions, or changes over time Are you planning for the
3 someone who puts money into a business
4 a chance to do something; a possibility of doing Do you know whot's
something
The world and your markets are
Will the elderly be the big spenders of the
VOCAB U LARY When will middle-age begin? When will people retire?
¡"r{}LrN5,{¡l I-r VXXLll i,:l
What will tomorrow's teenagers want to buy?
-. r Find these words in the advert. Are they verbs or nouns? 0ur futurologists can help you profit from the future.
consumer information prediction investor
improve analysis needs advice retire profit
information about future trends in society.
,' What are the verbs for the above nouns, and the predictions about future consumer needs.
nouns for the above verbs? analysis of your company and its future plans.
( r //J\Ur)1, 't tlt:t!lj (r ).') ,, .. advice for business investors.
 LISTEN ING 3b Answer these questions about the sentences in
Exercise 5a.
4a E Listen to a meeting between Susan, a 1 ln which sentences is the speaker certain that his/her
futurologist and Patrick, a business investor. Tick the
future changes she discusses. idea about the future is true?

1 domestic use of technology

2 ln which sentences is the speaker less certain?
2 longer lives
3 What verb form do you use after will, might and may?.
3 use of the internet
4 Do you usually put adverbs (e.g. definitely) before or
after will? Do you put them before or after won't?.
4 people working from home
5 leisure activities and travel @ i..¡;;'úr¡;t'ic iri*¡-e-r-* ri¡:ii r'rir-,1 ¡:;"*r-iil*, 1.1::iles f i?* i !i

4h tisten again and complete Patrick's notes. §c Correct the mistakes in these sentences.
1 He might lives to the age of ninety.
2 Many people will probably to work from home.
3 I will live definitely in my own country.
* ¡-taLw trewds are abov* '_ Awd t _. 4 There won't probably be big families.
* t-5 t¿eays' tLvwe, vwore thaw a
tw = of }eo¡Le
&x What do you think will happen to society in twenty
over 55, aLso peoTLe LLve " _. years/ time? Choose the correct word to complete
* lw2o=o, t1/Loye over-65sthawu_ - . your predictions.
* Fewey ?ayty awd advewtwre hoLLd,at¿s, vwore '1 More / Fewer people than now will leave my
country to find work.
hoLLdaus ow "
a
2 People will definitely / may spend more time using
:le Robots: to 7 , to' , to d,o the the internet than watching TV.
gardewLwg. 3 More / Fewer people will probably live alone.
* currewtLg, robot techwoLogg Lsi
4 Most people will / won't retire at the age of fiftr,-five.
5 The differences between young and old people u,ill
edian ,k La í,ntTcrtawt Lw a few ways probably be greater / smaller.
-. 6 People will have more / /ess free time.

{,i§-- Compare your ideas with a partner and explain

n
4c Contextualising information Discuss in groups. your predictions. Which of the predictions are positive
1 Does your country have any of the trends that Susan or negative for your country?
SS
discusses?
2 Do you think older people want to travel and go on SPEAKINC
activity holidays?
3 Why does Susan use 'cruise ships' as an example?
?* Make some predictions for the future. Choose three
or four topics from this box. What will your life, your
4 What do you think of the three robot examples that
country and the world be like ten years from now?
I 5
she gives?
How is the internet important for the elderly? education and work tech nology and transport
health and lifestyle sports and entertainment
46 990
CRAMMAR business and trade nature and the environment
.uk l/\/lLL, MICHIAND l\,|AY FAR PREDICTIONS
7b ln smallgroups, discuss and explain your
5a @ Complete the sentences below from the
predictions.
meeting with the words in the box. Then listen and
check. What predictians did you make about ... ?
Ithink l'll buy an electric car this year or next.
'xt? definitely (x2) might may will
More people will go to university, and they may study
won't probably
in English.
rging.

1 These older people live for much longer -

eti we know that from the statistics. WRITINC
2 They live until they're 95, or even 100. i-! write one or two paragraphs about your
ut u re. 3 That won't be good for business. predictions for your society and country. Use your
4 they
l'm sure have much money. ideas in Exercise 7 to help you plan.
5 _
These people will need things to do with this
extra time, for sure.
6 They also want activity holidays, but that'll
depend on their health.
7 They won't go bungee-jumping.
ities.
47
-

IÉ THE FAMILY

- 3c How is the article organised? Put these topics in

VOCABULARY AND SPEAKINC
order (1-4).
, Work with a partner. How many words can you
think of for people in families? How many people are a reasons for the low birth rate
there in your (immediate)family? b possible solutions to the problem \
c reaction to the possible solutions T
I
parents, chilclren, .. .
d facts about the low birth rate
.
': What age do you think these people are?
.$a{ nead the article again. Are these sentences true or
an adolescent a middle-aged person a young adult false? Correct the false ones.
a person in his/her mid-thirties a child 1 Only 4O'/, of Cerman female graduates have had
an elderly person a teenager a retired person children.
2 Cerman women have an average oÍ 1.41 children.
li{¡ Wlrat is the best age to: 3 Few parents have more than one child.
'l move out of your parents' home?
4 A university professor believes that Cerman
employers do not have modern attitudes.
2 have children?
5 The government will pay parents 1,800 euros a
3 be a grandparent?
month so the father can take time off work.
6 Ms von der Leyen's ideas are not popular with
\(
READINC everyone.
Match these words with their definitions below, *$ Evaluating and predicting Answer these questions.
me
birth rate childcare employer 1 What do you think of Ms von der Leyen's plan? adj,
old-fashioned responsible suitable 2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of a 1
small/big family? 2
1 not modern 3 How important is family life in your country? 3
2 you did it or caused it
4 How do you think the family will change in the 4
3 a person or company that pays you to work for them
future? 5
4 righl for a particular purpose or situation
5 when someone looks after children while the parents
are at work
6 the number of births for every 100 or 1,000 people the
in a particular year and place 1

3!: Read the newspaper article below and complete l

this sentence in six or seven words.
This article is about... 3

Germany: Whatfuture
- #
ad¡

forthefimilyi *+
@r
e
you

Germanyhas one of the highest
percentages of childless women in
the world. Thirty per cent of German
women have not had children, and this
figure rises to nearly 40% among female
graduates. Germany's Labour Minister,
Ursula von der Leyen, has said that if
the birth rate does not go up, Germany
willdie.
Germany's birth rate is one of the
lowest in Europe, with an average of
1.41 children per woman, compared
with 1.67 in Sweden and 1.91 in the UK.
German mothers are also (with British
mothers) the oldest, with an average
age of 30 when they have their first
child - and most parents choose to have
only one child.
According to professor Norbert
Schneider of Mainz University, the
reasons for Germany's low birth
rate.include poor childcare, a school
day that still ends at I p.m. for many
children, and old-fashioned attitudes
among employers. In addition,
many German women are already in
their mid-thirties when theyfinish
universit¡z and get a good job.
Ms von der Leyen, a mother of seven,
believes that another difficultyis that
some women cannot find a suitable man.
'Uncertain'men (who are unsure about
becoming fathers) are also responsible
for the low birth rate, she claims.
The minisrer has developed a plan
to encourage people to have more
CF
FIR:
children. First of all, if parents need
private childcare, theywill get help from
the government, by paying less tax. pos
Secondly, families will get up bel,
to 1,800 euros a month from the 5ec
government if men stay at home for two
months after the birth of a new child.
But some men, even in the
minister's own political party, are 1
unhappy with this last idea. professor 2
Schneider says that in Germany it is
3
acceptable for women to take time offto
a
have children. However, if a man takes
b
time offwork to look after a new child,
his career will be over. The typical c
family picture 1s very much alive in
6b
Germany, he said. Women look after
abo
the children while men so out rn ¡unrlr
 6c Look at the sentences in Exercise 6a and complete
these rules.
if-clause: if + _
main clause: will / will not (won't) + without to

or You can change the order of the if-clause and main

clause in the sentence. Only use a comma when you
start the sentence with lf.

,: Complete these sentences with the correct form of

the verbs in brackets.
1 If I (see) him, I (tell) him the news.
VOCAB U LARY 2 She _ _(be) ill if she (not rest) more.
3 What (you do) if you (not pass) your
N !{,A i-lYt AülL{ l lv[S
next exam?

s..
::,'l We can use un- and -/ess to make adjectives. Un- 4We not arrive) on time if we _(not
means'not' and -/ess means'without'. Make negative hurry) up.
adjectives of these words. Add an example if possible. 5 lf you not move) your car, I _(not be)
1 child 6 hope able to park.
2 sure 7 kind 6 I (do) the washing-up ií I ihavel tin¡e
3 care B lucky
4 comfortable 9 use
5 home 10 usual Use might instead of will when you are Iess sure that
rJ¡ilr]lcs-q: rhililli'.is \'./{)r¡€t't, unsrri:r.' r¡lrs{Jre ¿br.¡ut ... something will happen.
lf the birth rate does not go up, that country might die
5b Choose an adjective from Exercise 5a to complete
these sentences.
1 Big families are _ in Cermany. PRONUNCIATION
2 It is dangerous for _ people to sleep outside in
winter.
Exercise 7. Listen again and repeat.
3 The chairs in our living room are very hard - they're
SO ,:'r, lhink of things that you will, or might, do today /
tomorrow / at the weekend, etc.
5c Write questions with four of the negative li I l"¡¿tve: tine, l'll wash ¡¡'¡y h;tir tt;r-tigl'tt.
adjectives. Then ask and answer the questions with
your partner. lll sse¡ Ange/rna later, I might ask lrer to rhr. per.tr.

CRAMMAR LISTENINC
FIRST CONDITIONAL üa W You are going to role-play some situations
6a You can use if to talk about the result of a where people discuss problems and possible solutions.
from
possible future action. Look at the sentence halves Listen to the example conversation and answer these
below and match these labels with the two correct questions.
sections (1-3 and a-c). 1 What is Sam and EIlie's relationship?
: two 2 What does Sam want to do?
td. main clause (result) if-clause (condition)
9b Listen again and answer these questions.
1 If the father stays at home for two months, 1 What three problems does Ellie mention?
ior 2 If parents need private childcare, 2 What are Sam's solutions?
s 3 lf the birth rate does not go up, 3 What does EIlie think of Sam's plan?
cffto a they will get help from the government.
kes
itd,
b Germany will have a serious problem. SPEAKING
c families will get 1,800 euros a month.
10 Work with a partner. Turn to page 135 and
6b tvtatch the beginnings (1-3) and endings (a-c) consider what you will do in the two situations.
I above to complete three sentences.
rrk.
49
rem FAMILY MATTERS

SITUATION KEY LANCUACE

Speak Out is a television talk show. Robert Hughes
M)*LtaI l{.; {lPl i! lüN!
is the presenter, and the audience takes part in the i'' li.i:.1 Listen and complete these sentences.
discussions. This week, the topic of the show is 1 ,l think mothers should stay at home.
problems and responsibilities in families. 2 Well, I understand her , but sometinres
mothers have no choice.
1* Discuss these statements with your partner. Do
3 Well, that's a good
you agree or disagree? , but I think some mothers
work because they want to.
1
2
3
Mothers should stay at home with their young
children.
Working men do not need to share the housework.
Children shouldn't watch many hours of TV a day.
4 I agree
5 Well,
any TV.
I
Sarah.
think is that they shouldn't watch I
6 Well, personally, I disagree.
4 Parents should let teenagers choose when to come 7 I think it's ii they know that TV is a normal
home at night. th ing.

1b E Listen to an extract from the show. Which of 8 Well, that's an interesting -, but TV is different
pr,
to phones. 5tt
the above issues do they discuss? Th
2a Look at the different points made on the show. ':, Match the sentences above with these functions.
Listen again and put them in order (1-8). a giving an opinion
a Some mothers can't stay at home because they need
b accepting an opinion and then disagreeing
money.
b A mother's love is important for her children. f PRON U NCIATION
c Working mothers miss the best years of their .,,, ::.:t}..i'. ,', , ' ,' ,. ',. Listen and repeat this phrase.
children's lives. What happens between words that end in a consonant l
d Some mothers work because they want to. and those that begin with a vowel?
e TV is an everyday thing and children should know
Well, that's a good point, but... )
J
about it.
f Parents should not let children watch TV at all. .,,, ::,.1;i,,i Which words do we link in these phrases?
g Only let children watch a couple of hours of TV a Listen and check.
dry.
h TV is bad for children.
1 Well, what lthink is that...
I
2 Well, that's an interesting idea, but
2b Wnat do you think of the different arguments and 3 Well, I understand her opinion,
points above? but...

¿
L-
D
,
f:
Í
\

-1
 FAMILY MATTERS

q. #'
§.
§É'
§&
ers
4c Practise saying the phrases in Exercises 4a and 4b.
5 Work with a partner. Use the opinions below and
nt practise the key language. Student A gives an opinion;
Student B accepts that opinion and then disagrees.
Then change roles.
1 1st idea: Mothers should stay at home.
2nd idea: Some mothers have no choice.
'Personally, I think mothers should stay at home with
their children.'
'Well, I understand your opinion, but some mothers
have na choice. They have to work.'
rnt 2 1st idea: TV teaches children about the world.
2nd idea: Children should read books to learn things
3 1st idea: Husbands should help clean the house.
2nd idea: Men are tired after a day at work.
TASK
H,\\'l\C ,\ D;ir l SSiO\
i: Work with a partner. Think of as many arguments as
possible for and against these statements.
1 Parents should pay children to tidy the house.
For: 5rops arguments wilh the childrt:n. Chiltlren learn
about v,ork ant| money.
Ag;tinst: Chilclren need lo learn ahrsut lookin¡4 orlr', ,r
l'¡onte. L4one ¡r sl'toulcl not tte part oi íamily lirc.
2 It is not a good idea for a man to be a
househ usband.
3 A teenager can stay out late without permission.
4 Young children should get pocket money.
5 Families should look after their elderly members at
home.
6 Children should not have computers in their
bedrooms.
7a Work in small groups. You are on Speak Out.
One student is the TV presenter. He/She chooses one
of the statements in Exercise 6 and asks the guests for
their opinions on that topic. Use the Key language, the
Useful phrases below and your prepared arguments
to help.
Right, the nexttopic is,'Working men should ...'
So, what's your name, and what do you think?
Do you agree with him/her?
What do you say to that?
What's your opinion?

* 7b Rfter the first discussion, another student becomes

#
F-
the presenter and chooses a new statement to discuss.

7
STUDY SKILLS . i
¡udging reliabilit.v You should also ask questions \\
f RlTl( Al Tf IIhlN(ll.,lfi about where information comes from, to know
if it is true or reliable. Which of these sources
: , Critical thinking
Choose the best way to complete do you trust most? Put them in order from 1-5
this sentence. Compare your answer with a partner. (1 : the most reliable). 1

'Critical thinking' means: 2

1 Wikipedia
a thinking about very serious or important things. 2 BBC News
3

b saying that you think a person or thing is bad or wrong. 3 a webpage from 2004
c asking questions about what you see, hear or read. 4 something your parents tell you wi
: , G]=ji Watch the lecture to check your answer.
5 a government website

"'i,, Considering evidence Look at these facts. How do

, Gilii;:i Look at these questions and watch the you know they're true?
first part of the lecture again. Which questions are
examples of critical thinking? 1 The population of Germany was nearly 82 million in
2011.
1 How many children are there in your family? 2 People cannot live without water.
2 Is it true that most people will Iive until the age of 90
in the future? ,.,,. Compare these claims. Which do you believe
3 Why are Cerman families small? more? Why?
4 How high is Mount Fuji? 1 A mother's love is important for her children.
5 How do we know that the gap between rich people 2 A mother's love is important for her children.
and poor people will increase? Without it, it is difficult for a child to grow up into a
6 What will you do if you don't pass your next exam? normal, healthy human being. A number of studies
i ,. Gji,# According to the expert, critical thinking over many years have shown this. These studies took
place in several countries around the world, with 7
can help you understand reading texts better. Watch
very similar results. anr
the second part of the lecture again and name three
things you can look for in a text. Make notes on what
', ' Developing self-awareness You should ask
she says about each thing. questions about yourself, the reasons why you do
1 Look for reasons ... things and the results of your actions. Look at these
2 Look for ... examples. Have you ever asked yourself these
3 Look for ... questions?
re
.*É..j$e ,Í@*
B,§,
s4 Why am I doing this?

What
i¡!. ,!?$ ,iM.-r
What

How can I do that better in the future, ,,'::',

.:
e.- -&

&" %jslet
;$h tn Unit 2, you saw how it is possible to ask and
answer questions like the above in a reflective blog.
Look again at page 21. Then think of something you
"" You can also think critically about events. Ask one did recently, or are going to do in the future. Write
or two critical-thinking questions about these events. three questions like those above, then answer them.
1 the first Moon landing in 1969
§¿;'",r.'do l.l,o (¡¡$r.ru ll¡¿{ -q¿¡¡¡¡e¿n* r¡¡",¡Jf}, .s{r¡or.i ¿r¡: flr*
,!J*t:¡:'s .s¿¡rt.lt e3
2 the day in 1990 when Ñelson Mandela walked free
3 the Wright brothers' first flight in 1903
 V

WRITINC SKILLS ., Look at

\ SHORI ,\RTICI F Silvia's answer again. lt should be four
paragraphs, not one. Divide it into four
*¡* Discuss these questions with a partner.
paragraphs.
'l Have you ever entered a competition?
2 Have you ever written anything for a competition? ,,1 What is the topic of paragraphs 2
3 Have you ever won anything? and 3 of Silvia's answer?

*f i
Read this poster. How can you win a prize? How many people i:; \{'/ft¿1 evidence does Silvia give for
willwin a prize? the two main things she is proud of?

''i:: .,,.:.liu:l,r'1, ::t.iiir l,t.i; t. SOmgtimeS whgn

do there are three short related sentences,
it is possible to join them together to
nin WBITINE The Global Councrl fon Youlh i
make one sentence. Look at this example
and underline the repeated information.
invites young people anound the
world fo write aboul what makes They help their local hospitals. They look
[hem pnoud of their sociely loday after old people. They collect money for
(maximum 200 wondsl. The top good causes.
20 entries will receive a prize of the,v help their local hospitals, look at'ter olcl
250 US dollans and will appean ,
peop/e anct collect /rlone)/ for good c¿rr-§e,s.
3a on the Council's website.
1')ir Join these sets of sentences to make
ES
one sentence.
ook
.iRead this competition entry. What do you think the judges liked 1 Silvia studies business al universitr'.
and disliked about it? Think about ideas, organisation of ideas, etc. She lives with her parents. She helps
in her parents' shop at weekends.
2 Her sister studies at school. She likes
boy bands. She wants a car.
What to choose? lt's difficult to decide, as I feel proud of
many things in my society today: for example, our education i rl: : ,,,:,:.:,. Study the use of the linking
system, our creativity in the arts and our science. Two things, words so/ as/ however and because of
however, make me especially proud of my society. First, in Silvia's answer. Then use them to
our big cities are very multicultural, so you see people of complete the judges' report.
many different races, colours and religions. These people
all live and work side by side. I think ¡t's a great example of
how people can come together and create a mixed, peaceful There were a very large number of entries
soc¡ety. The second thing is less obvious, as it often happens (over 3,000),'_ it took a long time to read
out of sight. lt's the fact that every day of the year. thousands all.'
them , thejudges'task was ¡nteresting,
of British people do voluntary work. They give up their time
to help others for nothing. They help their local hospitals and '_ the young people wrote about a wide
range of topics. The standard of entries was also
cornmunities, look after old people and do things to raise o_it
very high, was extremely difficult to
money for good causes. Because of these things, I feel proud
choose the winners. After much discussion,
of my society and see a positive future for it. However, I also t,_._, the judges agreed on the top 20 entries.
want to contribute to it. ln my life, many people have helped
me, so now I would like to give something back. judges were impressed by Silvia Hussein's
The
Silvia Hussein, 20-year-old business student from Birmingham article, 6 her modern vision and a feeling
for other people. They also liked the style of her
entry, T_ she communicated her ideas very
clearly.' __, they were not happy with her
paragraph organisation.

t.

' , Write your answer to the question:

What makes you proud of your society
today? Use the model in Exercise 7 and
the sentence starters below to help you.
Think critically as you write and pay
attention to your paragraph organisation
Two things make me proud of my society ..
First ... The second thing is ...
53
.!§

:i1
'ii
;,.

IN TH¡S UNIT

'n

l
-)

-I
5

L:

::

'I
(
,j
r

'8e less cut¡ous about peo¡:le, and rnorc {urious about ideas. 'A4arie Curie, 1867-1 934, Polish scientist

"l
READINC AND VOCABULARY b Wn¡cfr words in the captions mean the following?
'l The place where a crime occurred
Match these captions with the photos (A-C). 2 The things which show how the crime happened; clues

2 Actors discuss evidence on the set of the latest TV

crime drama about forensic scientists.
3 A worker in a lab prepares DNA samples for analysis.
1 Analysts collect important evidence at the crime
scene.
3 The person who does scientific tests to solve a crime
4 The place where scientists do experiments and tests
2a Read the two television programme reviews.
Which is a documentary? Which is a drama? Which
would you like to watch?

team
The crim e scene investigation
and a burglarY tonight
to solve two murders
Warner discovers a
Senior forensic scientist Karen
sister's DNA. She tries
vital clue at a crime scene, her
but her boss finds out
to keeP he r discoverY secret, There's
leave the investigation.
and tells h er she must are no
house, but there
a burglarY at the maYor's fingerPrints'
witnesses, and the burglar hasn
't left anY
laboratorY assistant Dan Turner
Because of this,
of scientific eq uipment, with
has to use a new P iece
surprising results'
This new series reveals the
investigations. lris
science behind modern Police
in a governm ent crime
Battle is a forensic scientist
from the crime
lab. Her team exami nes the material s - to find
cigarette
scene - furniture, bullets' knives, hairs and
ñts,
things You can hardlY
DNA molecul es. This
see:
series
fingerPri
explain s how scientists
r to identifY who has
#
analYse the evidenc e in orde
It's a fascinating Programme
committed a crime' ...^-r, +l-ra raal nrime Sceng rc
 ?i¡ Read the reviews again and answer these questions.
1 Which programme does the reviewer prefer?
2 How many crimes are there in Crime lab this week?
3 What problems does Dan Turner face?
4 What is the smallest thing that scientists analyse?
.i f ¡nd verbs or verb phrases in the reviews that mean:
1 find the answer to a problem
2 find or learn something that you did not know about
3 show something that you could not see before
4 examine something carefully in order to understand it
5 break the law; do something illegal or wrong
LISTEN ¡N C
4a W Listen to the first part of an interview between
lris Battle (a forensic scientist) and a researcher for the
documentary programme. Which of these topics do
they discuss?
a the two teams of employees
b work in the laboratory
c the researcher's main interest
d the effects of the TV dramas
e work at the crime scene
4b Listen again. Fill the gaps with information that lris
Battle gives.
CRAMMAR
SHOULD, MTJST AND HAYÉ TO
7 a Putthe sentences below (1-6) from the interview
into these five groups (A-E).
A lt is a good or correct idea to do this.
B It is not a good or correct idea to do this.
C lt is necessary to do this (there is no choice).
D lt is necessary to not do this (there is no choice).
E lt is not necessary to do this (there is some choice).
1 You must turn your phone off.
2 You should make that clear.
3 You don't have to study law.
4 We mustn't eat or drink in the lab.
5 You shouldn't ask me.
6 You have to study chemistry or biology.
7h Look at Audio scripts 7 .1 and 7 .2 on pages 154-155
and find more examples of this language. How do we
make questions with should, must and have to?
* l-a¡:quage relerence and exlra ¡:raclice, page's
.i14-1
15
8a Correct the mistakes in these sentences.
1 She have to check the evidence carefully.
2 We mustn't to eat or to drink in here.
3 As l'm a DNA expert, I haven't to know about guns.
4 They should to say sorry for being Iate.

Crime-scene analysts ' the evidence, but the

forensic scientists' in the lab. The analysts do
Must and have to are very similar in meaning in the
o7
b' not want to I the evidence, so they wear rubber
-
gloves. They take careful notes so that the scientists
positive form. You usually use have to when you
o
_the evidence - has come from. ln reality, most
talk about laws, rules, etc. You often use must when
lues
me
-
of the crimes are bure.laries, but on TV thev 5
you give your opinion that something is important.
However, you need to remember the negative forms of
StS
must and have to are different in meaning.
§a WW Look at the words in the box and check
their meanings. Then listen to the second part of the
interview and make notes.
iii: Complete the sentences below with the correct
form of must, have fo and the verbs in the box.
patient test results rules image apply for a job (Sometimes both forms are possible.)

have (x2) lend make wear (x2)

5b Work with a partner and use your notes to
describe the work in the laboratory and the effects of
the TV dramas.
1 A forensic scientist must have / has to have a
university science degree
6 tvtaking personal connections Discuss these 2 A police officer a university degree
questions with your partner. 3 A forensic scientist a uniform.
4 A police officer a uniform
1 Which police and crime dramas do you watch? Do
5 A forensic scientist any mistakes.
those programmes use forensic science?
6 A police officer his/her gun to anyone.
2 Have you seen any documentaries about police
work and about forensic science? What differences ,'i, Work with a partner. Make sentences similar to
have you noticed between the dramas and the those above, comparing and contrasting these pairs.
documentaries? . judge and lawyer . student and teacher
3 How do the police use science and technology o police officer and nurse ¡ artist and bank manager
in your country, e.g. DNA, CCTV cameras, speed
cameras, computer databases and lD cards? What is
your opinion about these things? SPEAKIN C
#
:::-i=
4 Would you like a career connected to science or
technology? Why?Al/hy not?
I Work with a partner.
Student A: Turn to page 1 44
€€ Student B: Turn to page 148
-
¡á
rl
 A BRIEF HISTORY OF STEPHEN HAWKINC

SPEAKINC VOCAB U LARY CI

\t !: \a .ll.- :-- ¡1:lrar\ f-u
. Discuss these questions with a partner.
'.; . '. .\i)-r ". l: i i i

'l Which scientists do you knor,v? Are there any famous

¡.liLl !i.ll ¡ l\l::..j

.:
scientists írom your country? ' Complete these sentences with a preposition (e.9. nt a'
2 What did they discover or do? to, of). Find the highlighted words in the text to check
3 Look at the photos on the webpage belor,r,. Do you your answers.
l
knorv an,vthing about this man? 1 The lab is separate the main building.
2 He's writing a histor,v crime in the US.
READINC 3 She became very successful ____ business.
4 Communicating ls much easier now, thanks 1

2a Look at the webpage about Stephen Hawking. the internet. l

Why is he famous?
5 The1, have received the report the police J

2b Complete this summary of Hawking's life. Write one officers. l

word in each gap. (The words you need are in the text.) l'
,., Look at the prepositions above. What other ones CI
Stephen Hawking was 1_ in Oxford, in 1942. He do you know?
studied at the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge.
,,.
l:,i:l.1j; Complete these questions with a
He was still a young man when he'_ that he had
preposition. Listen and check your answers.
a serious disease. However, he married Jane Wilde,
finished his PhD and got a 3_ at Cambridge
'1 What are you interested ?.

University. From 1979 to 2009, he was Professor of 2 ln your family, who do you have a good
o_there. In 1985, after an operation, he started to relationsh iP ?.

use special equipment to help him 5_. Three years 3 What are you afraid __ ?

Iater, his book A u_ History of Time appeared and 4 What are you proucl __ ?

sold millions of copies. Hawking rewrote the 7_ in 5 What's the best thing that's ever happened _
2005. ln u_, he was part of the opening ceremony you ?

of the London Olympics. Surprisingly, Hawking believes 6 What do you spend your money _ ?.

that he is not an '_ person. He is proud of his 7 Which clubs or organisations do you belong _?.
family and his work, and grateful for the10_ that
many different people have given him.
,.. .. Work with
a partner. Ask and answer the
questions above. Give reasons for your answers.
3 Justifying selections Read the webpage again. What l'r'r: inlt:rrstr-.rJ in sritnc'i. bec¡¿;-rr: I tyanÍ, tr,; k¡¡a*, ttr:vt,
are the two most interesting facts in the text? Tell your thin,;s ,"';r:tk. l'nr ¿Lso rr¡e¡¿:.slerf itl .. "

partner why you have chosen them.

Born
8.lanuary 1942, in Oxford
Stephen William Harrking Hea

Education Édeas *rnd hmsks

) St Albans School Stephen Hawking is one of the world's most famous scientists.
120 miles north of London)
He is well-known for his work on black hotes, and has developed
) University College,
a number of new ideas about them. Hawking believes that
0xforo (1959-62).
studied Physics the birth of the universe (the'Big Bang') created many smatl
) PhD, University of black holes. Hawking also thinks that there is a sort of hole in
Cambridge (1966) the centre of a btack hole. This hole leads to another universe,
completely separate from our own.
eareer
>. lnstitute of Astronomy, Hawking's 1988 book, A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang
Cambridge (1968-73) to Black Holes, sold one copy for every 750 peopte on Earth.
) Professor of l\4athematics, However, many people coutd not really understand the book and -: "'
Cambridge (1979-2009) they had to give up reading it. As a resutt, Hawking decided to
I Director of Research,
write an easier version , A Brrefer History of Time (2005).
Centre for Theoretical
Cosmology, Cambridge ln 'The Grand Design' (2010, with Leonard Mtodinow), Hawking
(2009-) argued that we should look for a different way to discover the
deepest mysteries of the universe. Instead of trying to find one
ilam!iy
big new exptanation for these mysteries, scientists should put
l\4arried to Jane Wilde
(1965-1991, three children) together ail the ideas that they already have.
and Elaine lVlason At the opening ceremony of the London 2012 Olympics, Hawking
(1995-2006) said to a TV audience of 900 mitlion people: 'Look up at the stars
end nnr dnuln :t r¡nrrr faat he rrrrinr<'
 CRAMMAR 5b Complete the text below from the webpage with
¡-T,AD TO,{ND COU¿D the words in the box
5a Look at these sentences about the text. Then had to did not have to could could not
o
'¿l' match 1-4 with a-d.
:k Until 1985, he could talk.
Doctors had to operate on him.
Many people could not understand the book.
*,fr€*r *he '*permÉ,Émm
By 1985, Stephen's speech was getting worse, and onty a few
He did not have to teach. He only had to do research.
peopte who knew him we[[ '_ understand him. But at
t had to a was/were not able to do it least he '_communicate. ln 1985, he'_ have an
2 did not have to b it was necessary to do it operation on his throat. After that, he a have 24-hour
3 could c it was not necessary to do it care by nurses. For a time after the operation, he 5
4 could not d was/were able to do it speak at a[[, so he u_communicate by spetting words.
He t_ raise his eyebrows when someone pointed to
S
the right letter on a spetting card. However, a computer
expert in California (Walt Wotosz) heard of Hawking's
There is no past form of must. Use had to.
probtem and sent him a computer program. With this
You must work hard. You had to work hard program, Hawking u,__ choose words from a menu on
a screen. At[ he e_ do was press a switch in his hand.
r'i Language reference and extra practice, pages 11,t-.115 But he 10 atso control the program by making a
head or eye movement. ln that case, he 11 press the
switch. At first, he " _ run the program on a desktop
computer, but then a man called David Mason fitted a small
WHAT IS A EILAC}< HclLE? portable computer to his wheelchair.

A blac[ hole is a place in space

whene gravity is very strong.
Anything that falls into it
neven comes out. Nothing
can escape fnom it, not -:;. Describe some situations in your life when you
even light. As a result, had a problem, and explain how you solved it. Use this
it is impossible to see form: / couldn't ..., so I had to ... .
a black hole. ,4iler nr¡, c¡:;:ralicn, I coulcl¡;'Í rlriv,e, sr¡ I kad ta go
r:ver¡,r.v&e:re b¡ bu s.
I t.:t¡t-tldr¡'t -sl¿.¡¡lr,;lI harr,e ltecause my bafu¡' -si-:trr ,,,,.t-;

rrying ¿tl! tl'¡t: fin¡r., -lr ! harl to go to tht library.

g ffiea&&Bt, eryffirk mmd §mm§üy [ñtre SPEAKINC

D il
Hawking learnt that he had the disease ALS (a disease 6 Discuss these statements about attitudes to science
that affects muscte contro[) at the age of 21, in his first l
in smallgroups.
ls. year in Cambridge. He only expected to live a few years. 1 Science has made modern life healthier and more
rped However, he married Jane Wilde and found a job in comfortable.
Cambridge. ln the earty stages of his career, his itlness got 2 My government should spend more money on
worse, but he was fortunate that he did not have to teach. scientific research and less on other things.
ln He only had to do research, and this was easier for him. 3 Science and technology can solve any problem.
ie, Untit 1985, he could talk, but in that year, doctors had to
operate on him and he lost his speech. Soon, however, WRITINC
no people developed equipment that atlowed him to speak.
ln spite of his disease, I 7 Research a famous scientist and write a paragraph
x and Hawking does not consider about his/her life and work. Look back at the summary
to himself an unlucky man. He in Exercise 2b as a guide.
says it has not prevented I
no him from having a very
']e attractive famity, and being I
successfuI in his work.
cne Watch an interview with Huw James, a
I
,ut He says this is thanks to
scientist who specialises in astronomy,
the help he has received
from his family and a large i about black holes and astrophysics.
vking
number of other people and Turn to page 128 for video activities.
sta rs
o rga n isations. I

I
 IDEAS AND INNOVATIONS

PREPARATION 3b Listen again and complete the notes. Write one

word or number in each gap. e\a
1a Which of these things did someone inven! and
which did someone discover? 3c Work with a partner and discuss these questions. 5(
electricity internet the printing press
the 1 Which of Julian's points are strongest? The

DNA the telephone nuclear energy 2 Do you think there are any weak points? 1

global warming the car 3 Can you think of more reasons which support 2
his claim? 3
"lb Can you think of other important discoveries and
4
inventions from the history of science and technology? KEY LANCUACE
5
Do you know who invented or discovered them? DEVELOPINC AN ARCUMENT
6
When and how? Why do you think they are important 4.a ffi ln the notes in Exercise 3a, each arrow
inventions or discoveries? ({,),?,f) shows a connection between two ideas. PR
The arrows represent certain words and phrases
SITUATION like caused, means that, so, etc. Listen and complete 6a
the sentences below. Use the words and phrases woI
ldeas and lnnovations is an intellectual discussion
in the box. the
programme on radio. For a special programme, they
are choosing the most important inventions and the i
caused is connected to Ied to
the
scientific discoveries of the last thousand years. means that meant that SO
I

the i

2 ffi Listen to an extract from the discussion.

Julian Blake thinks the printing press is one of the 1 I think this a revolution in
most important inventions. Which of these reasons knowledge SOUI

does he mention? 2 This ideas could spread much more

quickly than before
1 People could make books and communicate ideas
3 It education for evervone 1
quickly.
4 This the fast production of books
2 Education became possible for everyone.
5 The written word became important at work and )
3 Libraries and universities increased in number.
people had to read
4 Writing became a way to earn money.
6 The printing press writers can
make money. \\ hi
3a Read these notes. What do the different
apa
abbreviations mean/ e.g. PP, pdctn? What is the
purpose of the arrows (J, +, e, t)?

and
USE \

CRI\C$ttl
Did PP +
 IDEAS AND INNOVATIONS ffi

4b Look at Audio script7.4 on page 155 and find more TASK

examples of this language. MAKINC YOUR CASE

5 Complete these sentences with your own ideas. 7a Choose three or four inventions and/or discoveries
Then compare with a partner. that you think are very important and make notes
1 The car means that ... about them. Think about these questions.
2 The discovery of DNA led to ...
. What are your reasons for choosing the inventions
3 Rapid globalwarming is connected to... or discoveries?
4 Television means people stay at home more,
o What do the inventions or discoveries mean we
and so ... can/could do?
5 The discovery of electricity caused ...
. What did they lead to? What is connected to them?
6 The invention of the refrigerator meant that ... 7b work in smallgroups. Use the Key language from
Exercise 4 and the Useful phrases below to explain and
PRONU NCIATION compare your choices. Agree on the top two.
!..::. :il:,i:iirl:i:..i ::.rir,:i :r::.,'.r, ..,,,ir "r, ..: L,,, Mafk the key
word stress on these phrases. Then listen and check.
the aeroplane The main reason l've chosen this is because ...
the telephone One reason it's important is that ...
the television Another thing is that ...
the internet I completely agree with you.
I don't agree with that point.
llrr', ln each phrase, which vowels have the weak Which shall we choose?
sound /¿/ (the schwa)? Listen again and check.
r,,. Answer these questions. f r Tell the class about your two most
'l Does the stressed syllable ever have the schwa important inventions and discoveries.
sou nd? Does the class agree?
2 When does the not have the schwa sound?

r.,: ¡¡i,§i Mark the key word stress on these phrases.

Which syllables have the schwa sound? Compare with
a partner, then listen and check.

the computer the fridge the discovery of electricity

the refrigerator the car the discovery of DNA
the clock the radio the discovery of nuclear energy

l.l* Practise saying the phrases in Exercises 6a

and 6d with your partner. Does your partner
use word stress and the schwa well?

59
 STUDY SKILLS E
[.i i t/r\ - l./ rTrl'
eGeeÉÉeGG
:l Discuss these questions.
1 What kind of notes do people make: & ^8!o W cLy ".1

. as students?
. f-"orL sc-io^c,e. -
at work? -o/u o/-k{"J"
¡ in other situations? ;^l-*,^rt/-;^6 fr,.-
6ir-lt ;{ * M€/^ oc^Xia'4J
2 When and why do you make notes? sLo* f-Lu* Ln* f-o *oL.
'WLor.'o or-
Women I
,r.., You are going to hear for
a talk about problems
women in science in the UK. What kind of problems
for{' Qo'i^q2'
UA
tr
do you think the speaker will mention? Discuss your
ideas with a partner. Make a list of the problems. a

: Listen to the talk, then answer this question: {*0s*^{5 FOK

o
¡
What were the main points of the talk? Choose from w0e1rN rN SCTENCE
this list (1-6).
IN rTIE UK
1 Schools are not doing enough to encourage girls to
study science.
2 Male attitudes towards women in science are a
problem. ;{ *r-u^ La, vj& Aa *J /-ngt 1v&
3 One male colleague called the speaker 'the girl'.
4 uL;/Jnu^ - ea^el ür'^nde^uo ?-9.;^
The issue of children is another problem for women Hard
in science. fnn LLu- la.f-*',- i^for--viaws
5 Women in science have to have more confidence.
6 Female scientists might feel uncertain about their
careers and Iives.

Look at these notes (A and B) that two students made

during the talk. Find six mistakes and correct them.
'i Compare the two styles of notes in Exercise 3.
A Which type do you prefer? Why?

()MEN IN .,.: Find examples of these things in the notes in

Exercise 3. Why do the students do this?
.SCIENCE IN TR.ANCE 1 words that the students have made shorter (e.g. neg.)
UK
and symbols (e.g. +)
, r sohooLs vwttst ewoowYage gLvLs to stvcdy 2 places where words (e.g. the, lt) are missing
'. soLewoe + show thevw what Uot'{ caw do il: Work with a partner and compare these phrases
with faots from the talk with the notes the students have made.
What do you notice about the vocabulary? Why is this
: 2 MaLe a*Ltwdes - vwew oftew L'wal¿e weq' a good thing to do?
covwwcewts 1 Schools are not doing enough to encourage girls to
s FtavLwg chLLdrew - hard to covu¡ete study science.
w'vth wovwew who have wrL*ew Lots of
2 lt's difficult to compete with men.
Men 3 You might feel uncertain about where your career or
acadevwLc Ta?ers life is going.
+ s.o. has to gLve wow''ew wLoYe
r:,r There is no right or wrong style for notes. You can
to a?}LU for LwtervLewsJob even combine different styles. Look at the different tate
cow{t dewoe, e.g- .l
styles on this page and choose one you want to practise.
L-+
.:i Turn back to page 39 and look at Exercise 3a.
\,
I

Listen to the TV programme again (Audio recording

2

5 wwsw're abov* cAYeeY + Lí'fe

5.1) and make notes on the key points. Compare your
3
notes with a partner. Are there any differences?

+ lr
S1:
 ^-- -.l

WRITINC SKILLS ' :.. , . r .': ,:,. i. ,, , : ,.::. Look at these words and
I -'l -)\ t\iDL \\r L-t t.1t\ ¡i answer the questions below.

,..' Discuss these questions in groups. anincrease fell a rise a decrease

1 Which university subjects are popular in your decreased rose increased a fall
country with a) women and b) men?
2 Do you think the majority of science students in 1 Which are nouns? Which are verbs?
your country are men or women? 2 Which are about going up? Which are about going
down?
3 Which words mean the same?

!ii:What is the most interesting information in bar

chart A? Discuss with a partner.
U'
!,
(U
{,.,r Complete this summary of the important information
an
z in bar chart A. Write one word or number in each gap.
o

tw bLoLo gLoaLawd bLovwedLoaL soLewoes' vlLoYe'

grad,,Lated thaw vwew. owlhe other hawd'
the2-
degrees Lw
í{,*e* *v',o obtaLwed rlaoheLoY's
-
ThUsLoaL
tlLr*ort awd Lw oot 'L?wteY awd LwforvwatLow soLewoes
w as hLgher th aw the w'Lw'b er of
M w ot"vew'

Nwwvbers " dv+rLwg the ¡erLod both foY t*ew

awd, wotn*ew Lw aLL a,tí¡eots, exoeqt for oow+wteY awd
Lw the
Lwf ovvwatLo w soLewoesl' wheYe theYe was a "

medical sciences
Phgsical
sciences
Computer and
information sciences
*n*be o{-fev,*aLe gradwates, frov* abov& Lo'Soo Lw
2ooo to abovLl " 2oto' -
degrees Lw
Women ü 2000 Women 2010 Sou rce: oveyaLL, vwore st*dewts obtaLwed'?¡aoheLoY's
Department thaw the other 'vw
Men 2000 ffi Men 2010
US
bLoLogLoaL awd. bLov*edLoaL soLewoes
-Lw
of Education
the wuunrb er
., Ujá.. n
soLewoes ha d' svwaLLest

of gradvcates.

'
Analysing data Look at bar chart A above. Can you -
find this information in the chart?
.1 the number of male and female graduates in
:r '.:
' Now write about bar chart B. Describe a) what it is
.:
LO
psychology
about and b) some of the most important information.
Discuss your ideas with a partner before you start writing.
I the reason for the differences between the number Use the summary of bar chart A in Exercise 9c to help you
of men and women who graduated in some science
]S subjects
fields
le 3 the number of students (men and women) who
this obtained Bachelor's degrees in some science
subjects in 2000 and 2010. at
?,
c,
, Complete this description of bar chart A. (ü
o
a
--e chart shows the number of 1_ who obtained o
c
, .chelor's degrees in some '_ subjects in the
in 2000 and a

Look carefully at bar chart A and decide if these

ca f'
t ,'-atements are true or false.
L.l::
' The orange bars show the number of men who
obtained Bachelor's degrees in 2000.
- The light blue bars show the number of women who
obtained Bachelor's degrees in 2010. 0
- In 2000, about 37,000 men graduated in biological Education
and biomedical sciences.
Women 2000 Women 2010 Source:

- 1n 2010, about 13,000 women graduated in physical Men 2000 .¡,::,. Men 2010
US Department
of Education
ic iences.

61
 o ht
n b
CHT

IN THIS UNIT

'ri

;r..

'There is a time for words, and there is also a tinte for sleep.' Homer, 800*7104c, Creek poet

SPEAKINC AND VOCABULARY llblrrl: End-of-coursetalk :l

'I
Are these statements true for you? lf not, Dear Dr Wilson .',]
I

change them so that they are. Then compare
rvith a partner.
1 I sleep for about six hours a night.
2 I usually have a lot of dreams.
3 I sometimes have nightmares.
4 I never talk in my sleep.
5 I often have sleepless nights.
6 I can sleep through a lot of noise.
7 On Saturdays, I usually sleep in.
Ithink l've managed to find a good subject for the
end-of-course talks next month. l'm thinking about doing a
presentation on sleep and the brain (how much we need to
sleep, stages of sleep, dreams, etc.). What do you think about
this? Could you give me some advice? Could I come and see
you about it later this week?
Thanks very much.
Abolaji
1,,

8 When I go to bed, I fall asleep very quickly.

9 I feel sleepy after a big lunch.
Re: End-of-course talk
irb"- 281 \ 1,,1
10 I sometimes have a nap/doze in the afternoon.
11 I never go to sleep in class. r ert
12 I had a good night's sleep last night. Dear Abolaji
* itl
You seem to have a really interesting topic here.
You might also want to look at some of these things:
READINC
1 different types of sleep
2 Rbola¡i is a student on a foundationcourse in 2 how quickly people fall asleep
Manchester before starting a science degree. Read the 3 why people talk in their sleep
emails on the right and answer these questions. 4 why some people suffer from insomnia
1 Why has Abolaji written to Dr Wilson? 5 why some people are heavy sleepers, but others are
2 What is the relationship between them? light sleepers
3 Do you think Dr Wilson's reply is helpful? 6 how modern life affects our sleep, e.g. light pollution
4 How do you communicate with your teachers?
7 when and why people take naps

Do you use email? l'm afraid I can't see you this week, as l've decided to go
to the conference in Oslo that I mentioned on Tuesday. l'll
be back on Monday. Perhaps we can talk after the class on
Tr recdar¡7 ln tho meantimp kppn roadinn :hnr rf fhe tnnirl
 LISTENINC 4h, fina other examples of these verb patterns in the
emails and Audio scripts 8.1 and 8.2 on page 156.
:,, iil;:!§ Listen to the first part of Abolaji's talk. What
does he say about these things?
t how long a one-year-old baby needs to sleep
2 how long adults need to sleep You can use some verbs (e.g. like, hate) with both the
3 the meaning of REM and NREM infinitive with to and with the verb + -ing. Often, there
4 what happens to the brain during REM sleep is not a big difference in meaning.

tl: ¡,'.:¡:::i Listen to the second part of his talk and l,r.,il I,,.,r.:: r, :, :..t,. ,. ,,. i i, . i.. .. .::. ,:, . . .....

answer these questions.

*: '.
1 How many stages of sleep are there?
2 What does NREM sleep do?
3 Why is it never completely dark?
a Why can our modern way of life have a negative
effect on our sleeping patterns?
: Evaluating performance Do you think Abolaji has
given a good presentation? Why?/Why not?
r, Complete the summary below of the talk with the
words in the box.
brain damage darkness d reams
less organising types
As we get older, we need to sleep 1_,
not everyone needs the same amount of sleep. The
trvo 2_ of sleep are REM and NREM. About B0%
of sleep is NREM sleep, when '_ activity slows
down. REM sleep is when * huppen and is
important for 5_ our memories. One of the
rtroblems we face today is that there is less 6
-han in the past, and this could 7
,:.. Complete Dr Wilson's feedback comments with
the correct form of the verbs.
inbox 28 '
Dear Abolaji
l'm glad you r (decide/speak) about this interesting
topic. Your presentation was excellent. You 2
(seem/have) a very good understanding ofthe subject,
and you 3 (manage/cover) a lot of key points.
You also a_.'-_,__(succeed in/keep) the attention of the
audience throughout. Perhaps you 5 (need/give)
a few more Interesting examples. Anyway, it's clear that
you 6__(like/do) presentations and you were very
confident.'/ (keep/work) hard. You :
(start/develop) into a first-class student. By the way, what
although are you ' (think ofldo) for your next presentation?
5 Complete these questions using a correct verb
pattern. Then work with a partner/ and ask and answer
your questions.
1 (What) do you want ?.

our health.
2 Do you like
3 Why did you decide ?

4 What do you hope ?

:RAMMAR 5 Have you ever thought ?

6 Do you enjoy ?

Look at these extracts from the emails. 7 (What) do you need ?

^- thinking about doing a presentation on sleep and the B Can you help me ?

---.in ... 9 Did you apologise ?

10 Do you remember ?
r e decided to go to the conference ...
'eep reading about the topic!
t28' \. )\\' put the infinitive of each of the verbs in this table.
SPEAKINC
6 Work in smallgroups. How much do you know
,¿rb + infinitive verb + -ing verb + preposition about sleep? Do the quiz on page 135.
,." jth to + -ing

.$

*..
 o

THE NICHT SHIFT

ivt t?ue
READINC
1a Which of these jobs regularly involve working
when most people are asleep?

astronomer baker call-centre worker cleaner 9-5: the standard working day. However, for some
engineer driver nurse office worker
lorry people, it's bedtime. These people are the night workers
police officer security guard teacher - nurses on the night shift, lorry drivers crossing
continents and bakers preparing our breakfast bread. John
1b Ordering ideas Discuss these questions in pairs. Working at night brings particular problems: family life '.-a'
1 What do you think are the advantages and is difficult, social life is limited, cafés are closed, there ..-.-.
disadvantages of working at night? Make are few buses and it's bad for your health. With all these . --:'
problems, who chooses to work the night shift, and are :a --' -
comparisons with working during the daytime.
they planning to stay in their jobs? -. .:
Make a long list if you can. .i
2 Compare your ideas with another pair of students -- -L a'
Put the different advantages and disadvantages in
order of seriousness.
":' - ^'
.'- a'-, a

_ s::-.
2 nead the first paragraph of an article about night ' . 'aat-
workers. Does it mention any of your ideas from
-.-..!
Exercise 1b? t,-.:
3a Read the rest of the article about four people who
work the night shift. What problem does each person
1-a
have with their job?

3b Read the extracts again and match the people with ,@

these questions. (Sometimes more than one person is
possible.) Robert Moore lndir
1 Who could:n't get another job at first? "l work at night because l'm fascinated by the stars, and ¡, .1,"r

2 Who is doing a job that he/she loves? I have been since I was a little boy. l'm happiest when
3 Who wants to stop working at night? l'm looking down my telescope. The stars are amazing,
4 Who enjoys working with his/her colleagues? and it's great taking pictures of them. Honestly, I'm
:- -ars
5 Who has a job helping people in another country? never going to change my job - l'm going to be an astro-
photographer for life. Of course, my social Iife is poor, but - ^€s:
6 Who talks about the money that he/she earns?
I think l've found a solution to this problem. l'm going to -
,

7 Who talks about people in other countries? -;s:

bring my laptop to work and join a chat room online. I'm -. :C
8 Who plans to use some of his/her work time to do
hoping to make friends with people abroad. They're the
something else?
only people awake when l'm working!" l ^l¡
3c Would you like to have any of these jobs? Why?/
Why not? Would you mind working a night shift? Do
you know anyone who has worked on a night shift?
4c We can make -ing/-ed adjectives from verbs, e.g. CR
VOCABULARY bore - bored/boring. How many -ing/-edadjectives can
you find in the text in Exercise 3a? What are the verbs?
-!NC/.ED ADJECTIV§5 5a
4a Underline the adjectives in these sentences and 4d Complete these questions with the correct
answer the questions below. adjective. Then ask and answer the questions with
a partner. ¡
Night-shift work is tiring, so he is often tired.
I am bored because my job is boring. 1 Have you seen an TV programme
recently? (interest)
1 Which adjectives describe how we feel, often 2 What's the most thing you have done?
because of something else? (excite)
!rer
2 Which adjectives describe what something is Iike? 3 When did you last feel really ? (tire)

4b Choose the correct adjectives.

4 ls there anything that you are by?
(fascinate) l
1 We were frightened / frightemng because the film 5 What's the most thing you have seen?
was frightened I frightening. (amaze) _)

2 The lecture was interested / interesting, so the 6 What's the most thing that has
students were interested / interesting in it. happened to you? (embarrass)
5c
7 When did you last feel ? (surprise)
8 ls there anything you are of? (frighten) t+
 '..'_IF- tI , ry wurf\ ¡rrvulvLJ !Lyqilrlr5
the railway tracks, so

#E
...:r.:: ^" ffiffi we have to work at night
because they can't stop the
trains during the day. lt's not
5d
1
Correct the errors in these sentences.
I am going buy a car next week.

so bad, ourteam spirit is

2 He Iike to Iive in another country in the future.
3 You going to start your new job on Monday.

(ers
K;.--
John Millar
fe "When I came to this
,e country, the only work I
rese could find was as a night
are security guard. This job is
boring because it's so quiet,
but l've decided to turn this
problem into an advantage.
Next month, l'm going to
start a degree in literature by
distance learning. l'm going
to read my course books
during the long quiet nights!
I don't want to be a security
guard all my life; l'd like to be
a teacher. l'm going to apply
for a teacher-training course
rvhen I finish my degree."
lndira Patel
td
'I work in a call centre in lndia, but I
answer calls from people in the UK so
I have to work at night. lt's a good job
rvith a good salary. lt's also interesting
o- irecause I use my English. But, to be
but honest, working at night is depressing
Io - I miss my friends and family - so lU
m iike to leave this job soon. However,
? ,vell-paid jobs aren't easy to find, so I
don't know what l'm going to do, really."
CRAMMAR
can ii I iIIi{ir i\I[]il l{.}i!'ii
I
, Who says these sentences in the article?
great, and we get paid extra.
However, I'm going to leave
this job soon. lt's tiring and
I have to flnd a normaljob
because my wife's pregnant.
I haven't found a new job
yet, but l'm hoping to be a
builder. lt's hard work, but
no more nights!"
* PRONUNCIATION
*
I r'r, Think more about your future. What plans, hopes
4
5
They not would like to eat out tomorrow.
Does he is going to sell his car?
6 We are going not to visit them next weekend.
7 Would you like go abroad on holiday this year?
B Are you hope go to university in the future?
ln standard speech, it is more natural to use
conlractions , e.g. l'm going to buy a car.
,. :,:'r' , . ,'. Look at these two sentences.
','., :.,r,,:ll ,
Which do you hear?
1 I am going to apply to university.
2 l'm going to appll to universitv.
trtr :il'.::,:t:'l Listen and repeat these sentences.
1 l'm going to bring my Iaptop to rlork.
2 You're going to start universitv soon.
3 He's hoping to make friencls arouncl thc u orlcl.
4 We'd Iike to work in a café.
5 They'd like to study abroad.
6 We're not going to change lobs.
SPEAKIN C
't, Complete these sentences so that they are true for
you. Compare your sentences with a partner.
1 Nexl weekend, l'm going ...
2 Nerl ycar, l'm hoping ...
3 One day, I'd lil<e ...
or dreams do you have? Think about future studies
and work, as well as general life plans. Write five to ten
sentences. Then find out about other students in the
class.
:](,.,.t:.,,. ;;, i'':,'.;,,, '.':,, .t ,.r;- .,. ,,,, ,'

1 l'm going to bring my laptop to worl<. i'r:ar I

2 l'm hoping to make friends with people abroad. llv'l';¿;l luf t:rt'll,,r¡/< ;,¡nrl r{ud,,'¡rl:nl r}r; ,¡,:;t.t ltar,t'l
3 Next month, l'm going to start a degree in literature. it;tl hc,pr,:s, rlrt'e¡'¡ts ¿nr.l an-,t;ilirt¡ts {lr: ',,t'¡u hat,{:i
4 l'd like to leave this job soon. ",f

,, Answer these questions about the sentences in

)ne?
Exercise 5a. ) urrr rHE EXPERT
1 Which sentences describe a planned action in the Watch an interview with Karen Fowler,
future (i.e. a definite intention)? a communications managet about
2 Which sentences describe an ambition or dream for working in the dark in Antarctica.
,en ?
the future? Turn to page 128 for video activities.
3 How do you make negatives and questions with this
I a nguage?

.r Underline more examples of this language in the text.

ten)

65
m A NICHT OUT

PREPARATION
. Do you do these things when you go out in the
evening or at night? How often do you do them? What
other things do you do? Discuss with other students.

calé theatre Bo to the cinema

go to the
SYDNEY r.1_)

l|(

I'.:5Tl\:iAl.
go to a
go to a fireworks display go out for dinner
go to a sports event go to a concert
go on a boat trip go dancing Bo to a museum l
J
SITUATION EVENTNG EVENTS [S e.U.-a P.M.J I

5
Every year, in January, there is a large arts festival in OPERA HOUSE CLASSICS 6
Sydney, Australia. There are classical and popular Great mus¡c, greot orchestro, greot locotion
music concerts, large and small theatrical productions, Tonight: The Sgdneg Sgmphong Orchestra performs Beethoven's o
O
comedy shows, films, dance shows, art events, talks Sgmphong No. 9 in the world-famous Sgdneg 0pera House.
and special events.
MOVIES IN THE PARK a
quickly at the festival events listing and answer
",:: Look
€njog movies from oround the world in the festivol's outdoor b
these questions. At which event(s) can you:
'l see a film?
cinema - the popcorn is free! C

d
2 see a play? Tonight: HumTum * an lndian film made in true Bollgwood stgle
E
3 hear some music? This is a romantic comedg filled with great songs and dances.
4 see something with Australian performers?
PR
5 see something from Asian countries?
NIGHT EVENTS I P.M.-11 P.M.
Listen to Paul, Christine and Emma plan a info
night oLrt at the festival. Christine and Emma live in M¡NI.THEATRE sen'
Svdnev, and Paul is visiting from America. Which of the Powerfut plogs with the smollest of costs or8¡
events do they decide to go to? Tonight: Shoke speare - o write{s ly'e. Locallg born actor wol
Hugh Jackman returns to Sgdneg from Hollgwood and 1
Listen to an extract from the discussion performs the full storg of Shakespeare's life. He acts as 2
about the evening events. Who has these opinions: Shakespeare, his mother, father, his wife and even his
Paul, Christine or Emma? Write P, C or E. childrenl You will laugh out loud. 3
1 The film sounds fun.
2 He/She doesn't Iike the Bollywood film. WORLD BEATS -l
3 HeiShe doesn't like classical music. Music ond donce from all round the world
4 He/She wants to visit the opera house after dark.
Tonight: Japanese Taiko drumming. An incredible performance
J

' ,.,.: t.,

Listen to an extract from the discussion bg 45 drummers that gou'll never forget. Powerful and unique.
about the night events. Who has these opinions: Paul,
Christine or Emma? Write P, C or E.
'1
He/She doesn't find Shakespeare funny
2
3
A second music
thinks
nce is not a
L=*
thinks

;
i¡

i.l
c

& :i
-
¡\
G
 A NTCHT OUT re
KEY LANCUACE 5b § Listen and mark the words with the
'\!r/ l 'r- \ l DaTTf f I"--'
,'-' -,ri \L L> strongest stress. Are they the same words that you
chose in Exercise 5a? Are there any words with a weak
Complete these sentences from the
'.....l ¡i:r!l.i:r
pronunciation with schwa /e/?
conversation with the words in the box. Then listen
and check. 5c Listen again and repeat each sentence.

prefer (x2) love fancy rather (x2) keen mind 6a Which words should you stress to make these
sentences clear? Compare your ideas with a partner.
tr 1 What woulcl you
2 I don't the movie.
to do, Christine?
1 OK, so, there are two choices.
3 l'd to go to the classical concert. 2 The music tonight is by some Japanese drummers.
4 l'm not that - on the concert. 3 There are forty-five of them.
5 What would you do? 4 lt's all about the life story of Shakespeare.
6 Well, to be honest, I don't 5 ln this show, there's only one actor, but he plays
7 l'd to see the drummers. many different characters.
:h ove 8 I'd see that than a play about Shakespeare.
6b Work with a partner. Practise saying the sentences.
.:ii, Which sentences above:
a ask for someone's favourite thing or choice? TASK
o0r b mean you Iike one thing more than another thing? MAKING A FUTURT PLAN
c mean you don't like something?
7a Work in groups of three to plan a night out at the
ld stgle.
d mean you'd really like to do something?
Sydney Festival. You each have information for different
lCCS.
e mean you don't have a strong opinion?
time periods: 6-8 p.m., 9-11 p.m. or'11 p.m.-1 a.m.
Student A: Turn to page 140.
PRONUNCIATION Student B: Turn to page 144.
t',,,,i,.',,i.
: ¡.1;] 1.:'¡:1 l'-1': rr::l;'¡,i:, ,rr;':rl , ;,,,:ll When giVing Student C: Turn to page 148.
- -.,,11
information, it is important to speak very clearly. ln a
sentence or phrase/ stress the key information words and 7b Prepare to give your information. Use the Key
organisational language. Underline the key information language and the Useful phrases on this page to help.
words and organisational language in these extracts.
1 There are two things to choose from.
2 So, first, the classical music concert is a Beethoven What shall we do tonight? fun/boring/tiring
symphony. What about you? greaVunusual/interesting
3 Then, the open-air movie is an lndian film; it's a I think we should ...
Bollywood film.
4 There' u sic perform C€, ed Wo rl
Regrou and share you nformatio n/ di SCUSS th e
and one-man
events you WI II go to tn each
ere
)rmance
unique.

group's plan?

t;
É

*F

F \:, f:
-¡+ !
- r**
''*'6lL'
-D
STUDY SKILLS -.i lt can also be a good idea to make up stories using
i"i i:rll [§,1 1] l' l{.1 N L VOf All Ll LA;iY new words. lmagine you want to learn the words in this
box. You could make up a story like the one below.
: We tend to forget things very quickly. Can you
answer these questions? presentation weekend sleepless nights festival 1

1 What time did you go to bed last night? dinner museum engineer cousin 2

2 What colour clothes were you wearing the day l¡-,,¡ l¿.,ee&, J l;cl ¡ /i:t císjeepless nlgñfs bec;¡i¡¡e I lad
before yesterday? ic dc a presenfati*n o¡'¡ lñt,.l¡d¡1.. l-ár: wee&e¡¡d tl'.¡s
3 Who was sitting next to you on your Iast bus or train gai:d, ri:cugJ:. {{1. ct¡¿¡sin" lvhü'-c ar e*ginee¡, car:;e \\ il
journey? l{} -rla1/ r.i,iiJ; ¡¡¡e. dl¡'¡ Sa¡urd:!,, }1ue 11,crli I¡-: tlie Sc;ctlr-e
4 What was the weather like on your Iast birthday? Á.{¿¡se¿rr}; ar;*' ¡hen rte iari din¡¡er ta,get}cr tl i,!e
evrnárg, Ü,r S¡;nd;¡lr, rlre t.leJ']f ic a §ear/¡ festjr.'a/"
. What methods do you use to try to remember new
words? Tell your partner. Find between eight and ten words in this unit that are
difficult or important for you. Make up a story using
these words. Tell your partner your story.
words is by putting them in groups or ordering them.
Look at these words for one minute. Then cover them. j'. Test your learning. How many of the words can you
Write the words you can remember. remember:
1 from the yellow box in Exercise 3a?
bus star nurse caié bed office worker 2 from the words in the blue box that you grouped in
brain cinema baby restaurant teacher Exercise 3b?
railway station children bread 3 from your house or room in Exercise 4?
4 from the story you made up in Exercise 5?

"§?,: Now look at this list of words from Unit 7. ,',,, Evaluating methods Which of these methods for
Organise them into groups. Then compare your groups remembering vocabulary were new ideas for you?
with your partner's. Are they the same? Which do you think will be the most useful for you?

book clock equipment l'ir

How often do you review new vocabulary?
car hair Do you think this is enough? Why?/Why not?
black hole computer

.a:.. ::.,.|.. 1;,,::',:ir:: Another way we can remember words

is by imagining them in a particular place (e.g. in your
house or room). Look at these words (from Lesson 8.2)
for different kinds of people.
a call-centre worker a cleaner a baker
a lorr:y driver a police officer a security guard

Choose one and imagine this person in different places

f.
,e

in your house. You can add surprising or funny details, !

e.g. imagine a call-centre worker sitting in your living ,
room answering your phone and putting your friends
on hold. These associations and connections can help
your memory.

,&i: Look at the other people in Exercise 4a and

think of a place in your house where you can
'see'them. Add some details to the scene.
Tell your partner about your house.

:tffi
.'. .:
{
r,e
 WRITINC SKILLS
is la i\At<riAtt\,r
¡j Work in smallgroups.
1 Tell your partners what you did last weekend.
2 Tell your partners about a frightening experience
you had.
{ir; Prediction Read this story. How do you think
willend?
It was a cold winter that year, but -
at last - spring arrived. One day, my
friends and I decided to go camping in
the desert. Perhaps I should explain:
)u
most of my country is desert - and too
hot for camping in the summer.
1
Anyway, we drove about 7O kilometres
from the capital - where we live - to a
very beautiful place near a small lake.
There, we set up our camp. At flrst, it
was difflcult to put up the tents, but
we flnally managed to do it. After that,
we had a light lunch, and then relaxed
until dinner.
After dinner. we sat outside in the
bright moonlight, and talked about
many different things. In the end, we
started to talk about ghosts and before
long" we were telling each other ghost
stories. One of my friends was in the
middle of telling us a very scary story
when suddenly we saw something
moving in the distance. We couldnt see
clearly what it was - but it was white,
and it was coming slowly towards us!
We were really frightened! 'What should
,l
=
we do next?'we thought.
fl# , o a ghost story
il /
{
{ i't Show your work to another student. Ask them
'::;, li,r:ii¡.j i..r'. :,,::,,.' Listen to the end of the story.
Write down the words you hear. You will hear each
phrase twice, with the punctuation.
Irr,.. li§l§ Listen to the end of the story a final time.
Then turn to Audio script 8.11 on page 158 to check.
i-i,: Discuss with a partner.
it 1 Did you like this story? Why?A//hy not?
2 Do you like ghost stories in general? Why?A//hy not?
3 What kind of stories do you like?
. i.r Match these headings with paragraphs 1-4 of the
story. (This includes the ending on page 134.)
a later events
b iinalevents/conclusion
c backgroundinformation
d first events
:i , i .,.;,,.. 1...,1,.:1,:;,.;¡-1 :,
lJ¡6lg¡line all the time
expressions in the text (e.9. soon, later).
.l' Choose the best word or phrase to complete
,, r
each sentence.
1 I was lying on the sand with my eyes closed.
Soon / After some time / Suddenly something
jumped on top of me.
2 I had so many sleepless nights that in the encl i
next / then I went to the doctor.
3 We saw a Iake in the distance. At that mo¡nent /
Soon / Suddenly we were standing next to the rvater.
4 I phoned her several times last night. At first / Before
long / Finally, around 11 p.m., she answered.
I .,.:-r You can use adjectives to make a description
more interesting. Underline all the adjectives in the
text in Exercise 9a, including the ending on page 136.
,.'ii' Add these adjectives to the sentences below.
(More than one answer is sometimes possible.)
beautiful bright different difficult frightened
1 At night, you could see the Iights of the aeroplanes
several ki lometres away.
2 Twenty men and women made the journey.
3 The children ran away from the dogs.
4 Last summer, I stayed in a town in the mountains.
] ii Wr¡te a story about one of these topics:
. a strange dream
o the worst night of your life.
Use the paragraph structure in Exercise 10 and some
of the time expressions you underlined in Exercise 1'la.
Make your description interesting by using adjectives.
to check it, and to add three adjectives and/or time
expressions in suitable places.
 LI:
9.,I EMPLOYMENT
\1a
1

cor
1

)
J

3c
sma
1

2
't like work; it {ascinates me. ! can sit and look at it {or hours.'lerome K" Jerome, 1859-'1927, British writer
3

SPEAKINC From: Head of Human Resources

What is your perfect job? What kind of skills or To: Att staff
\C
knowledge do you need to do this job? Subject: Staff survey

' What do/will you look for in a job? Put these
things in order of importance (1 : the most important;
B : the least important). Compare in small groups.
a well-known company good pay good managers
having fun learning new skills friendly colleagues
pleasant working conditions opportunities to travel
i ;- ln general, what kind of skills, experience and
personal qualities do you think employers are looking
for in the people who work for them?
READINC
?* Read the email on the right. What do the managers
want to know? How will they get this information?
,*l¡ These employees all quickly read the email. Which
of them have not understood it?
At Maxicomp, managers welcome the views of staff on a onF
erpl
wide range of company matters. We betieve that listening
careful[y to our employees over many years has hetped us
to maintain our posit¡on as the market leader.
For this reason, we woutd now [¡ke to find out ll and how,
staff think that lVaxicomp has changed in the [ast few .1b
years. We want to know how staff used to feel about the box
company and their jobs, and how they feel now.
1-
(
An externaI organ¡sat¡on, Swift Consutting, wittdo the
2t
research, inctuding interviews with a number of employees. 3t
AtL staff who have worked for the company for more than
t
five years can take part. The discussions witt be comptetety 4t
private, and lVlaxicomp wi[[ not be abte to identify staff
from their comments at any stage in the process. We witt
inform staff of the resutts in a future report. t

1 l'm interested, and I can do it, because I started here 1l

four years ago. lf you are interested in taking part, ptease contact IVelanie t
2 I don't want to do it, because I don't want to discuss Chadwick of Swift Consulting, nr.chadwick@swift"c*n 2\
these matters with the company. They might use it @2?8 63201244 by Friday 14th tt/ay.
3(
against me later. l'
3 There's no point, because they never tell you the
results of these surveys.
4 lt sounds really interesting. l'll give Melanie fi ¡,lAX¡Tc¡r*lP
 LISTEN INC CRAMMAR
{JSED TO
3a K Listen to Swift Consulting interviewing two
Maxicomp employees and answer these questions. 5a Used to can describe past habits and past states.
1 Who thinks that the company has changed the most, Look at these two sentences and decide which is about
Anita or Tom? a) a past habit and b) a past state.
2 Who thinks that he/she has changed the most? '1 Tom used to travel a lot.
3b Listen again and choose the best answer to
2 I used to be more enthusiastic.
complete these sentences. 5b Look at Audio script 9.1 on page 158 and find
1 Anita thinks that she is less enthusiastic now because examples of used to. How do you make the negative
she started working for the company six years ago / and ask questions with used fo?
is older / works longer hours.
2 The company has helped her fo learn new skills /
achieve more / travel. You can always use the past simple instead of used to,
3 Tom was more friendly in the past / ate more l5
e.g. He used to travel a lot when he was younger.
or 16 years ago / doesn't have long for lunch these (= He travelled a Iot when he was younger.)
days.
You cannot use used to for single actions in the past,
4 Tom thinks that he is still working for the company
e.g. .
because he can learn new skills / it is more
professional / the pay is better.
": i.,,t.,,t 1.-,t¡.r,,,,., ..:-ii:..-,.,. il ,: .i, -: :.¡
3c Exploring the topic Discuss these questions in
small groups.
with used to, didn't use to or use fo.
1 Do you think Maxicomp is a good company to work
for? Why?,A//hy not? 1 Anita feel the same way about the job.
2 Would you like to work for a company for a very 2 Did she _ go home after 7 p.m. ever1, cl.rr ?

Iong time, Iike Tom? Why?Al/hy not? 3 Tom and his colleagues use the g,vm
3 Do workers in your country work longer or shorter together.
hours than in the past? What are the reasons for this? 4 Did Tom have Iong lunch breaks?
5 They work more as a team.
VOCABULARY 6 They have many opportunities to learn
new skills.
WORK
4a Find these words and phrases in Audio script 9.1 PRONUNCIATION
staff on a on page -l5B and the email. Work with a partner and
explain their meaning. i...r ;i]§ i,. , , , , ' . Look at Audio script
9.2 on page 158
at [istening
and listen. How does the speaker pronounce use
s hetped us
employee long service record lunch break and used?
marketleader department promotion
staff training course work as a team ,,,,'. Listen again and repeat.
f, and how,
ast few
'
Write six sentences about you/ your family and
4b Complete these sentences with words from the friends. Use used to (x3) and didn't use to (x3) and the
about the box above. verbs in the box. Then tell your partner.
1 The received an award for her
extremely Iong service record be eat feel finish go out have help
;o the
2 How long is the on the know Iisten think travel work
:mptoyees 3 Thanks to the way we work as a team, we have
rore than become the SPEAKINC
:omplete[y 4 About six members of have moved to
ry staff another in the company ii, In a group/ compare the way people live and work
:. We witl today with the past.
4c Discuss these questions in a group. A iung tirnt: a¡ys, nost ¡tt:Lt¡slt, r¡.ierl ac w¿r¡& on llte l,¡ntl
'l How long should employees have for their lunch lt,,tl ,l l,]t,t; l), ',,7r¡',,ir,ltL ill r;1/lt r..
break? '!
act [\4e[anie hirly yt:ars afio, t1lost pi:o¡t/c c!idn't usr: la Jt;tvt,: t¡tol;iit,
i¡,¡ift.¿on 2 What should you do if you want promotion? phonr:-s ...
3 Can you think of three companies that are market
leaders? What makes them market leaders?
WRITINC
I Write a paragraph about the ideas you discussed in
f Exercise 8.
ry

COLD

-
READINC VOCAB U LARY
'fl
,¡ Discuss these questions with a partner. CO,\,iPOU\D NÜUNS
1 What things do people have that are gold (e.g. jewellery)? 3a Two nouns can be joined together
2 Which do you prefer, gold or silver? to make a compound noun. They are
sometimes found as one word (e.9.
§ :: Making informed guesses Look at the items in this box. Which bathroom), sometimes as two words (e.g.
items often have gold in them? Discuss with a partner, then read credit card). Find examples of compound
the webpage below to check. nouns in the text.
cars spacecraft teeth p"ni perfume bottles Itl¡ l'take compound nouns using a word :
washing machines bathrooms computers from each box. Then use the compound
nouns to complete the sentences below.
I <. Read the webpage again and match the sentence beginnings
(1-4) with the endings (a-g). (You can use them more than once.) cha ir coa I fa mily heacl

1 Pure gold a is an alloy.

job office work
2 Cold wire b is in many electrical products. jol, qcrarters force mine
3 Cold in teeth c is not very thick.
security business person
4 Cold leaf d is not very hard.
e contains 62-780A gold.
1 ls it better to work in a factory, or to do
f lasts longer than some other materials.
a(n)_?
g is not difficult to use.
2 What is the best way for a company to
"{ri f ¡nd words in the webpage that mean: keep its happy?
'l when something allows heat or electricity to travel along or 3 What do you think it's like to work in
through it: verb (paragraph 2) a-?
2 the places where two things join: two words (paragraphs 2 4 ls _ a thing of the past? CR
and 3) 5 What is the best location for a large

3 you can trust someone or something to do what you want company to have its _?
(paragraph 2) 6 ln a meeting is it a problem if the _
quel
4 when you mix two or more metals together so that they combine is younger than all the other people there?
al
5
and become a single metal (paragraph 4)
pretty or attractive, but not always necessary or useful (paragraph 5)
?c Discuss the questions with a partner. br
CI

WORLD GOLD COUNCIL l

Uses of gold ¡n industry

L:t
Where is gold used ¡n industry?
Gold is used almost everywhere, f rom our homes to
outer space.
*
Why is it used?
Gold has a number of advantages over other metals. lt is soft,
&
so it is easyto use. lt conducts heatwell. lt lasts a long time
and it is not damaged by the environment. Gold connections ¿ The second most important use of gold is in
ques
are very reliable, so they are used where safety is important. teeth. However, pure gold is not used, as it is
ln addition, gold is a popular mater¡al in industry because of very soft to use on its own. lt is mixed wlth a(
its special appearance, colour and beauty. other metals to make an 'alloy'. A typical alloy br
How is it used?
conta i ns 62-7 8o/o gold. 1\
2\
It is used in a wide variety of ways. The main use is in I Decorative uses of gold include jewellery, 3\
electronics computers, pocket calculators, washing
- pens and pencils, watches and glasses - even
machines, televisions, recordable CDs, cars, credit cards in cooking! lt is found in bathrooms, on plates
and spacecraft. The Columbia space shuttle, for example, and especially on perfume bottles. The most
used nearly 4l kilograms of gold. Gold is the perfect impressive use of gold is gold leaf. This is an
-:re ¿
material for contacts. An ordinary telephone contains 33 extremely thin sheet of gold. Generally, it is
:\dl'
gold contacts. ln some electronic equipment, very fine produced by hand and is used by builders,
gold wires are used to connect different parts of the il r-r \r
glass makers, artists and chefs. lt can be
equipment. Each piece of wire is made of very pure gold applied to the roofs and ceilings of public
J
)'
d
1.

Jo

:o t

CRAMMAR 4 Complete this text with the present simple passive

PRESENT SI&4PLF PASSIVE of the verbs.

3a Look at these sentences (a-c) and answer the Oil is sometimes called black gold, because it is
questions below. extremely valuable. Oil 1 (make) by
ñr a Pure gold is not used in teeth. very small plants and animals that died
(. b lt is mixed with other metals. on the sea bed millions of years ago.
c Cold wires are used in electronic equipment. When oil 2 find) in the sea bed,
1 Underline the main action verkr in each of these an oil rig'-(move) into the
sentences. right position, and the oil
2 Do the sentences say who or what does the action 4_(take out). Over 50%
(the agent)? of the world's oil is in the Arab
World. Oil5_1use)for
Oil rig
fuel (e.9. in car engines) and
Use the passive when you don't want to focus on the to make electricity. We also
agent of the action. The agent may be unnecessary or make plastics with it.
unknown, e.g. Pure gold is not used in teeth. (lt isn't About 9,000 million litres
-* necessary to talk about the dentists.); lt is mixed with of oil 6 (consume)
other metals. (We do not know who mixes it.) every day.
& Sea bed
. Look at these sentences (a-b) and answer the
n
questions below. oil
t is
-t a Cold is not damaged by the environment.
loy b The environment does not damage gold.
1

1 Which sentence focuses our attention on gold?
2 Which sentence emphasises the environment?
3 Which word do we use in a passive sentence to
ven introduce the agent of the action?
at es
J\L ,, You form the present simple passive with isl
an are and the past participle of the verb. Find other
5 There are a lot of big factories around the capital. Mast
examples of passive forms in the text on page 72.
How do we make questions in the passive?
rt
SPEAKINC
5 find out about industries /
well-known businesses in your
country. Turn to page 136 for some
ideas to help you prepare. Then tell
a partner.
of them are new. A lot of electranic equipment is made
there, and then it's sent ali over the wrsrld. ln the narth,
they still build ships ,..
# DEALORNODEAL?

PREPARATION 3a Route One wants to import some digital music PR

players from Guangdong Digital (an electricalgoods
f a Discuss these questions with a partner. manufacturer in China). Richard Fallows, Purchasing
1 Do shops in your country often have sales? How Manager for Route One, is making a deal with Lu Han, the:
much discount do they generally offer? Have you imn
a Sales Representative for Guangdong Digital.
bought any bargains recently? stre
2 Do you ever buy things at a market? Do you ever Before you listen to their negotiation, Iook at these
bargain for a lower price? questions. Who usually says each one/ a buyer or a
nun
seller?
1b Complete the sentences below with the words in pro
the box. Use your dictionary if necessary. '1 Price
.1-15

What's the price per item?

supply import buyers exports How much are they per item?
manufacturers retailers ii How much wo uld you like to pay? a
-*_
b
1 We have to these machines because we can't 2 Delivery time C

find them in our country. What's your normal delivery time? d

2 Coffee is one of our main We sell a lot to We need delivery in trvo weeks. Can you do that?
Europe. When would you Iike us to deliver?
3 We are _ of clothes that are sold abroad. the
4 We sell car parts to Ferrari and Fiat. They are our 3 Quantity and discounts the
most important _. How many would you like to order?
5 Tesco and Marks & Spencer are British _ that Can you offer me a discount?
nun-
have shops abroad. What discount can you offer?
\\ or
6 We electrical items to shops and
supermarkets; we don't sellto the general public. 3b &§ Listen to the negotiation between
Richard and Lu Han. Tick (/) the questions above
SITUATION that you hear.
Look at the business advert below and answer 3c Listen again and circle the correct details of the
these questions. negotiation. Who do you think gets the best deal? KE'
1 \\/hat does Route One do? Choose the correct
ans\ver.
a lt manufactures electrical goods. and
b lt sells electrical goods to the public. Sla"ftn rtC€
c lt sells electrical goods to shops. 1
1

2 Where is it based, and where does it import from?

§1oo 8 l
J

Firsl qyqnl¡ly,wa -1

2
,1' / ,ro ^led 5

F¡rsl át 5co v offe"ed

15%/11 ^t5
,/o o"á,e"5 > 5OO )
\11%
/1s /oo/ o"der| > ,0-.Q0) 1

New hrands from Asia

| |/\Al va
^fify o"de"e ¿
:l;:l
delivery
Fast 5 s15
Large orders welcome / 850
Suppliers to major retailers

Route 0ne: the fastest way to get new

into your shop-
Final
-10¿^del¡
L.
I twt¿,
vt/ ,L,
I \¡VO \ ,/€€k s a{fer o rá'er
www.route'l rl.ca
info@routel 11.ca
Unit 57, Harbour Business Park, Ontario, Canada
 DEAL OR NO DEAL?
i

PRONUNCIATION 6b Wlrictr of the sentences in Exercise 6a are:

4a Iffi
Numbers Listen carefully. When we say a suggestions, offers or proposals? -
these numbers - 127 and 205 - what word comes b reactions or replies to offers and proposals?
Itr,
immediately after hundred? ls the word after hundred
7a Work with a partner. Write this negotiation from
stressed?
the prompts.
4b Work with a partner and practise saying these Seller Buyer
numbers. Listen carefully and check your partner's a $l50 per item \
pronunciation. Pay attention to the stress pattern. -} o expensive
145 278 304 450 599 c order 2,OOO,
discount of 20oA - *\'
5a ffi Listen and circle the number you hear. a order r.ooo?
a 13 30 e order 1,000, O-'
b14 40 discount of 1o"a
c 15 50 > f accept discount of 1o'k,
d 16 60 g in {
can't deliver order 1,000, ask to
two weeks, deliver in two weeks
,ri: Listen again. Which syllable is stressed each time, deliver in three
the first or the second? What is the difference between weeks' oK?
the two types of number? -*-=) h Definiteryl
::,; Work with a partner and practise saying these
numbers. Listen carefully and check your partner's
7ir Practise the negotiation with your partner.
word stress and pronunciation.
13 30
TASK
17 70 HAVINC A NECOTIATION
18 BO &a Work with a partner to negotiate a deal. Use the Key
19 90 Ianguage and Useful phrases on this page to prepare.
Student A: Turn to page 139.
KEY LANCUACE Student B: Turn to page 1 40.
MAK¡NC OFFERS AND PROPOSALS
6a B What are the missing words below? Listen
and check. Which of our products are you interested in?
1 $100? That quite high. What's the price per item?
2 I see. Well, l'm not that we can go that low That's a deal!
3 If you order 1,000, we can _18"/".
4 What about if we _ 750? ,ili, Negotiate the deal. After your first negotiation,
5 How _13o/,?. tr change roles.
6 No, l'm we can't do that.
':
 STUDY SKILLS ,L:; Look at Video script 9.3 on page 159 and find the
C¡VINC A SI If}IiT TALK phrases Louise uses to: tr
':
¡: Louise works for a company that makes chocolate. 1 introduce the first topic.
Part of her job is to give talks about the company. You 2 finish a topic.
are going to see a video of her talk but before you do, 3 summarise/conclude a topic.
here are four questions she always asks herself before 4 start a new topic.
she starts to prepare a talk. How do you think she .. r: Match these phrases with 1-4 above.
answers them?
1
2
What is the topic of my talk?
Why am I going to say it (e.g. to inform, persuade,
To summarise, ... f¡rit, ¡'d like to talk aÚout...
Turning now to ... That's all I want to say about ...
ln conclusion, ... Let me begin by -irg ...
1
amuse)?
3 Who am I going to talk to? To conclude, ... l'd like to start by -ing ... T
4 How much time do I have for the talk?
(
3 Look at the list of things below you should do when
Watch the beginning of her talk and answer
the questions above.
you prepare a talk. Complete the gaps with the words (
in the box.
.., Q'., ' Watch the second part of the talk and charts information notes order
.
ln
complete these notes. Write one or two words/ practise pronunciation
numbers in each gap.
1 Find out some interesting _ \ \,F
ll¡sforv of chocolate
2 Put your ideas in the best _
3 Make some to help you to remember
Mayans discovered chocolafe in things in the talk (including key vocabulary). TI
abouf _rta. t
4 Prepare some pictures or _ to make choc
They aade a'_ your points clearer.
froa Reac
roasfeo{ c oc o a bea ns -' chocol atl'. 5 Check the of difficult words.
6 _ the talk.
5pre ad ro +zfe c óivtlisdrion
us th
fuode rn '_) ;"ii;r Prepare a short talk of about two minutes on one
seq u
iu' , frernán Corfés drank of these topics.
I hc :c i ¡le t¡ ifh llo cfezu aa. . your life story
ic rté: rerurned fo Spain in
o the history of your family/universify/town/city/
t , fdk¡hg cocod beans
company
wifh hia. Use the points in Exercise 3 and the phrases in
wifh 6_
Chocolafe becaMe popular in Spain.
Exercise 2c and 2d to help you.

lf f00k ne arly'_fo spre aol across lurope be cause f he 4l, Analysing performance Work in groups. Take turns
Spanish kept ¡f d '_. to give your talk. When you listen, look at this list. A
lnlTfh6entury, chocolafe
lk 1gfh cenfury, chocolafe becaae'o
e af i ng cho co I ate a ppea reol.
'_becáMe
_
popular ¡h L0ndln
and fhe first
How well does the speaker do these things: very well,
OK or needs to improve?
He/She ...
1
2
welcomes the audience.
tells the audience what he/she is going to talk about.
r
;:: €mr§'.,, ;,;,.:.1:,¡¡,.¡i i,.:,rl'.¡,-,:: watch the whole 3 speaks slowly and clearly.
video. Below are some typical mistakes people make 4 sounds interested in what he/she is saying.
when giving presentations. Does Louise make these 5 tries to build a relationship with the audience.
mistakes? lf not, change the sentences to explain what 6 chooses vocabulary that he/she thinks the audience
she does. will know, and explains any difficult words.
1 She looks down at her notes all the time.
7 uses language (grammar and vocabulary) that is
generally correct.
Sl'r* lor¡ks up a{ he:r aur}i<'nr:e. 8 Iooks at everyone in the group.

I
2 She makes eye-contact with only one or two people,
often on one side of the room.
3 She makes a Iot of nervous movements or gestures
(e.9. pushing her hair back with one hand).
4 She's wearing old, scruffy clothes.
5 She stands in front of the screen, so the audience
can't see her slide show.
lhe

To begin w¡th, cocoa pods are cut beans are put on banana Leaves, in a
THE EARLY STAGES from cocoa trees with Large knives. circte on the ground. More banana
vhen OF MAKING The women of the fanrily colLect the
pods in Large baskets, whlch they carry
Leaves are put on top of the beans.
The wet beans are dried in the sun -
rrds
CHOCOLATE on their heads. Next, the pods are cut this takes five to six days. Lastly, the
- a traditionaI family business open with a knife and the beans are beans are put into sacks for transport
in West Africa taken out. FoLLowing thls, wet cocoa aLL over the world.

WRITINC SKILLS &h Wtricfr other sequencing phrases do you know?

lber I]I St,RII]INC i\ PROCTSS
i fhe passive is often used to describe a process.
,, ffrepictures above show the early stages of making Underline the examples of the passive in the text
chocolate. What do you think is the correct order? above.
Read the text and check.
,3 fne pictures below show the later stages of
::.,r : r: ,r,.f: ;.ii Sequencing phrases (e.g. to begin with) tell producing bars of milk chocolate in a factory. Write a
us the order in which things happen. Underline the paragraph describing the process, using the words next
)ne sequencing phrases in the text. to each picture.

beans, to roast, 1 55 ' C beans, to crush, inner parts of beans, ta press,

shells, to remove iiquid chocclate,

turns
A \ c
rcll,

)out.
B

nce
F

bars, to wrap, foiL, paper mixture. ts Four, milk, sr.:gar, to add

moulds, to cc¡ol dcwr¡

77
 Clobal
'10.'l
affai rs
2c
UNITE NATIONS
1

2
¡N THIS UNIT 3
4
5
6

abo
a
b
c
rsss d
t.i.

u
ry
e

# 2
1

% 3

EroL

'Peace at home is peace in the country. Peace in the country is peace in the world.'Kemal Atatürk, 1881-1 938, Turkish statesn'
--
a;.1-

SPEAKINC
he United Nations is an organisation that works in I
I a What do you know about the United Nations ! ,.ny different areas. ln order to carry out its work, I efir
(the UNX Discuss these questions with a partner. - I ttre UN has a large department of internationat civi. I
d

1 When and why was the UN founded? I servants (the Secretariat). The head of thisUN I
2 How many countries are now UN members? s department is the Secretary General and there are about
I
9,000 other staff members. The Secretary General is I l
3 Where are the UN headquarters?
responsibte for the day-to-day organisatián of the UN and I
4 How often does the UN have a new Secretary its many projects. I
)
I
Ceneral?
As wel[as these work responsibitities, the Secretary Cener{
5 Which activities is the UN not involved with:
rc is a symbolorface ofthe United Nations. He orshe is atso al
. Aid and peace keeping spokesperson, or representative, for the peopLe of the wor:{
.f

. Children's rights the

. Religious education
and can ask the UN to hetp with difficutt situations in I
wortd. ln this work, he or she meets nationaI presidents anc I chec
. Economic development ambassadors to discuss world probtems. I
o lnternational justice is The Secretary General also chooses the Messengers of I
o Entertainment Peace. These people pubticise the work of the UN and they - ls-
I
sports
are chosen from the fietds of arts, literature and I
1b M Listen and check your answers. What other Messengers of Peace have inctuded George Clooney (actor), I and,
things do you know about the UN? Do you have a MidoriGoto (violinist) and Muhammad Ati (boxer). I 'or h
personal opinion about the UN and its work? ,l r¡ tl
READINC 5br
2a Read the entry on the right from an lrv
encyclopaedia. What is the main subject of the text?
2l
3(
2b Wnat do these phrases refer to in the text? 4!
1 its (line 2) 5V
2 this UN department (lines 4-5) 6V
3 this work (line 13) 7rt
4 these people (line 16)
8¡
9V
 3c Are these statements true or false, or does the text not say? CRAMMAR
1 The UN helps protect endangered animals. PRISENT CONTINUOUS FOR
2 The Secretariat manages the UN's daily business. FL]TURE ARRANCEMENTS
3 The Secretary Ceneral is very well paid.
í-¡;i Look at these two sentences (a-b)
4 The Secretary Ceneral can request that the UN solves a problem.
and the statements below (1-5). Are the
5 The countries in the United Nations select the Messengers of Peace.
statements true or false?
6 The Messengers of Peace tell the world about the UN's work.
a At four, you're giving a press conference.
i$ Evaluating opinions Read these different opinions on and comments b Next Friday, Midori Goto's doing six
about the UN (a-e). Then answer the questions below (1-3). different events.
a The Messengers of Peace should not only be celebrities. 1 These sentences are about the present.
t b The UN talks a lot, but it doesn't do a lot. 2 They describe actions, not states.
¿

c Ten powerful countries control the UN.
d The UN should focus on emergency disaster aid and notwork in
other areas such as human rights and peacekeeping.
e The UN was created in the'50s. We don't need it now.
1 Have you heard these opinions before?
2 Can you think of any reasons for these opinions?
3 Do you agree or disagree with these opinions?
VOCABULARY
PEOPLE AND ORCANISAT:ONS
4a Put these words into two groups: A for individuals and B for
é groups of people.
3 The future time of the action is clear.
4 The future action is not certain to
happen.
5 They describe meetings, appoinlments
and arrangements.
fui: You can use the present continuous
to talk about fixed future arrangements
and meetings. These arrangements often
involve other people, so the time or
place of the action or event is usually
given. Look at Audio script 10.3 on page
159 and find examples.

ambassador assistant civil servant committee department

statesm.,
head of a department minister president spokesperson staff When you talk about future plans, you
can use either the present continuous or
4§i Wfr¡cfi of the words can you find in the text? going to with little change in meaning.
rks in When you want to show the plan is
;work,
4c Match some of the words above with these definitions. Write
more arranged or fixed, you use the
¡aI civil
definitions for the other words.
present continuous, especially when you
JN 1 a group of people who meet regularly and make important give the exact time of the arrangement.
rbout decisions
S 2 a politician with an lmportant government job
N and 3 one part of a company or an organisation
4 someone who represents and speaks for a group of people or an
organisation Yo-Yo Ma (a musician) and Paulo
s atso e 5 someone who helps a more senior colleague
Coelho (an author) are UN Messengers
he
r the 4'{§ ffi Mark the word stress on the words in Exercise 4a. Listen, of Peace. Complete their appointments
nts and check and repeat. diaries for next week.
Student A: Turn to page 1 42.
of LISTEN INC Student B: Turn to page 1 46.
J they

ts. 5a ffi Listen to a meeting between Liz, a UN staff member, SPEAKINC AND WRITINC
actorJ, and Geoff, a UN Messenger of Peace. They discuss the schedule
for his future trip to Ghana. How many meetings/appointments &a lnterview your classmates to find
do they discuss? out what they are doing this week.
Make notes of their answers.
§E: Listen again and answer these questions.
-l When is the trip to Ghana? What are you doing tonight / on Friday /
this w,eekend?
2 How many trips has Jeff done before? l'nt going to the cinema on Saturday and
3 On what day is he flying to Chana? on Sunday, l'm ...

# 4 What type of school is he visiting on Monday?

5 When is the student performance?
6 What time is the press conference?
S[¡ Wr¡te a paragraph to summarise your
class's social arrangements.
7 Who is Sandra Ominga? Five people are going to the cinema at
B At what time does the meeting with the Minister for Children finish? the weekend. Two of them are going on
9 What is Geoff doing at B p.m.? Sunday, and three of them are ...
10 When and where is the TV interview?
79
| 10.2 BIC BR\\D-S

SPEAKIN C 2b Wn¡cn century -20th,21st or both - do these statements go with?

t
Look at this list of companies and 1 People thought that Appíe was the best company in the USA and P,\S

answer the questions below. in the world. 5a

2 Steve Jobs spent some time away from Apple. r:l -
Toyota Coca-Cola Volkswagen Nestlé
McDonald's Samsung Coogle Zara
3 Sales of a particular product were very good. :'
4 Apple became interested in more products than just computers.
-..:
PetroChina Shell Apple Roche HSBC
5 Different people wanted to control the company. :-r:
1 What does each of them do/produce? 6 Apple started selling its products directly to the public. - +-

2 ln which country did each of them start?

3 Are there any other companies like
this in your country?
4 Would you like to work for any of
these companies? Why?ANhy not?
5 Which companies can you see in the
pictures on these pages?
READINC
?;i Read the text about Apple. How did
Apple change between 1976 and 2012?
3 f¡nd words in the text that mean:
1 small and easy to carry
2 got a new person or thing, instead of the one you had
3 problems with a machine or a piece of equipment that stop it
working properly
4 a short, clever phrase that is used in advertising ',r itl-
ihe
5 the programs that a computer uses to do different jobs
:nd
6 made a new product available (two words)
I
4 ldentifying key dates What do you think were the three most
important years for Apple?

n
Today, Apple employs 8O,0OO people around the ,ln 2012, ¡t had nearly I
4OO stores in 14 countries and was the most valuable (and most admired)
company in the world. But it wasn't always that
H

The 20th century lnto the 21st century L

1976 Apple was se[ up by Sreve lobs, Sreve Wozniak and Ronald
Wayne, although Wayne soon lef[ lhe new company. Apple s firsf
headquarters was Jobs's parents' house in Los Altos (California,
USA)where Apple I personal computers were built in the garage.
1977 The famous Apple logo was created, which was used un[il
1998. Also, a new, improved machine, the Apple ll, was presented
to the public. Over [ime, millions were sold.
1980 Apple became a public company. The Apple Ill was
released, but it had a number of taults, such as becoming [oo ho[
1981 Steve Wozniak was injured in a plane crash and gradually
withdrew trom [he company. So, trom the original trio, only lobs
remained,
1984 The lVlacintosh personal compurerwas launched, using
brilliant TV advert directed by rhe film-maker Ridley Scott. The
[\4ac was easy [o use and cheap, buI no[ very powerful
1985 A power srruggle developed in the company because sales
of the lvlac were talling - as a resulI of strong PC competirion.
Jobs's responsibili¡ies were taken away from him. He decided fo
leave Apple and star[ a new company (NeXT).
1987 Apple registered the name Apple.com; i[ was one of the first
100 companies io register a .com address on the new internet
1996 Jobs returned to Apple when NeXT was bought by Apple,
and a new era began.
2**1 The iPod was launched with the slogan 'iPod theretore
iAm'. This portable music player could store abour 1,000
songs. The first Apple re[ail stores were opened in the USA.
?OS3 The online iTunes lVusic Slore was opened, selling
songs for 99 cenrs each. For the ñrst [ime, consumers could
gel legal digital music.
20*7 Apple launched a smarrphone - the iPhone. The name of
lhe company was changed trom Apple Compu[er, Inc to Apple
was now concenlrating on mobile eleclronic devices.
lnc.', as iI
h§
2G*§ Apple was named the mos[ admired company in the
US by Fortune magazine. The online App Store was opened.
2*f * The iPad tablet was released, and 300,000 were
a sold on the ñrst day.
I
2G1t iCloud was launched - an online service tor storing
music, pho[os, tlles and sot[ware. In August, because of ill
health, Jobs was replaced by Tim Cook as CEO otAppte.
On Ocrober 5th, the death of S¡eve Jobs was announced.
2ü?3 The iPad IVlini was released. This small tabler could
tit in a Jackel pocket. At this time, Apple was considered
a company lha[ set [rends - able to predicr [he luture
of computing However, with growing compe[ition trom
Samsung and other technology gianrs, ir will be interesring to
see who is the marke[ leader in years ahead. T

::: a -:
with? CRAMMAR 6a Use these prompts to make questions about Apple.
rnd PAST SIMPLE PASSIVE 1 Why / name Apple / choose / for the new company?
5a Use the past simple passive to talk
2 How many Apple I computers / build?
about the history of something (e.9. an
3 Who / Apple logo / create by?
organisation), especially when you are
a Why / the advert for the Macintosh / like / by many people?
more interested in 'what happened'than
5 When / first Apple store / open / outside the USA?
,S

in 'who did it'. Look at these examples,

6 Which other companies / admire I in 20122.
then find other examples of this grammar 6b @ Listen and check. How do you pronounce was and were
in the text. in the above questions?
Apple was sef up in 1976.
The iPad was released.
§c W Listen and note the answers. Then compare with a partner.

The computers were built in the garage. 7 Complete this text about the Korean company Samsung with the
past simple passive or active form of the verbs in brackets.
5b vou form the past simple passive
with was/were and the past participle of
the verb. How do you make negatives
Samsung 1
set up)
and questions?
in Taegu, South Korea, in
* Language reference and extra practice, 1938 by Byung-Chull Lee.
pages 12S-121
At that time, Samsung
General Store (its original
name) '?_(sell) dried
ñsh, vegetables and fruit
to China. Samsung (which
means 'three stars'in Korean)
3 (grow)quickiy.

In the 1970s, Samsung a_(move) into industry, and many new

Samsung companies s_(create), e.g. Samsung Shipbuilding.
During this decade, Samsung also 6 develop)its home
electronics business. In 1976, the one millionth black-and-white TV
7_(produce). The next year, colour televisions B
export)
for the first time.

e re rore In the 1980s, Samsung'_(put) its energies into technology, and

)00 new products 'o_(introduce) to the global market. Today, most
3 USA
people know the company for its TVs, smartphones and tablets, but
r,ng there are in fact about eighty different companies in the Samsung
s could group - or 'chaebol' in Korean.

.ame ot
: Apple
:,¡ices.
in the SPEAK¡NC
rte ned.
I Exploring the topic Discuss these questions in small groups. Cive
reasons for your answers.
1 ln what way do the companies on these pages affect your life?
nn8 2 How can a company become very large and successful? What
of rll
does it need to do this?
rle.
ced.
3 Do you think big companies are good or bad for society?
4 What do you understand by the term globalisation?
ruld
:d

)m
rs[]ng to
Watch an interview with Nick Cooper, a brands
specialist, about what makes a global brand.
Turn to page 129 for video activities.

Apple, ¡,¡ac, iPod, lTunes, iPhone, trademarks of

Apple lnc., registered ¡n the U.S.
B1
ia,+e.=,i::-};§ii.R+-=1+:=eiJ+-:E:r:

AN OLYMPIC BID

PREPARATION ' Look at these statements and analyse them. lf a KE

'l
a Where was the last Summer Olympic Games held?
Did you watch any of it? Did your country win any
medals?
f b Wfr¡cn of these cities have nof hosted the Summer
Olympic Games? Check your answers on page 136.
country wants to host the Olympics, are these points Li\
strong or weak to use in the presentation?
1 There is a comprehensive and efficient public exa
transport system. Cor
2 The athletes will Iive one hour from the Olympic ide¿
Park, where the main sports venues are.
3 A famous architect will design an amazing new
1

London Los Angeles Paris Mexico City athletics stadium.

2
Nairobi New York Abu Dhabi Moscow Seoul 4 The Olympic Park will have the largest Íast-food
3
restaurant in the world.
SITUATION 5 The city has many famous tourist attractions and sites.
4
6 The city has never hosted a global sporting event
The lnternational Olympic Committee (lOC) decides before.
which city will host the Olympic Cames. Cities that 5
want to host the games have to give presentations to ' ., ;.i.;¡ Listen to the rest of the presentation and
the IOC about how they will organise and deliver a take notes for each of the topics in Exercise 2. Note key 6
successful Olympic Games. points and examples.
7
2M The British Olympic Committee gave a ':.'. Work with a partner and compare your notes with
presentation to win the chance to host the 2012 the points in Exercise 3.
Olympic Cames. Listen to the opening of the 5b
presentation. Which of these topics are parts of the
: ; Use your notes to answer these questions. 1
presentation? 1 Where will they build the Olympic Park?
. transport 2 How many examples of existing sports venues are given? 2
o catering facilities 3 What kind of facilities will the rooms have?
. sports facilities 4 How many bus routes are there in the same area as
. accommodation for athletes the Olympic Park? 3
. lacilities for media companies 5 How Iong will the journey to the city centre on the
¡ London's special ambition for the Cames high-speed train take? 4
6 Who will be able to travel for free on public transport?

-
";.," . *lft, '-*r
;É
r: *¡li,:i:"I ,lrF, :-1
ia

\
 AN OLYMPIC BID

KEY LANCUAGE 5c ldentify the errors in these sentences.

tS C,IVI\]C EXAMPLES 1 ln my city, there are many places to go, such as
-
many people go to the cinema.
§a ffi ln the presentation, the speaker gives many
2 Another example the art galleries.
examples in order to support his claims and promises.
Complete these sentences. Then listen and check your 3 The old buildings are important: for example there is

ideas. the castle and the palace.

1 For _, children will be the main performers ...

4 My city is a better place to live now. A good
example of it is the low crime rate.
2 _ instance, world-famous architect Zaha Hadid
will design the swimming pool.
3 Another example the athletics stadium, PRONUNCIATION
s ites.
which will have 80,000 seats. 6a @ Pausing and emphatic stress When you give
4 We'll use existing world-class venues, _ as to pause and to
a talk or presentation, it is important
Wembley football stadium. emphasise key words. Listen and mark the pauses like
5 ... with many famous buildings and places: this //, and underline the words with extra stress. Why
example, Big Ben and Buckingham Palace. do you think those words have extra stress?
k"y 6 They will all have modern facilities, for _
free WiFi. First, we want to deliver a magical experience, with an
7 A good example of _ is the new high-speed
electrifying atmosphere for competitors and spectators.
vith train line.
Our aim, or special ambition, is to inspire young people
5b Answer these questions about the sentences above.
in Britain and across the world to play sport.
1 Look at sentences 1 and 5. What are the differences
in punctuation? i¡ir Listen again and repeat.
3iven? 2 ln which sentence (1 or 5) is the example a simple
noun phrase, and in which is the example a verb *.l, Look at Audio script 10.7 on page 160. Mark
AS clause? the pauses and stress on the first sentences of each
3 Which other phrase has the same language patterns section. Practise saying those sentences.
1e as for example?
4 In the other sentences, are the examples noun TASK
sport? phrases or verb phrases?
GIVINC A PRESENTATION
7a Nairobi, in Kenya, and Abu Dhabi, in UAE, would
like to host the Olympic Games. Work with a partner
and prepare a short presentation about one of the
cities. Use the Key language and the Useful phrases on
this page to help.
Pair A: Turn to page '143.
Pair B: Turn to page 147.
\/\7\/\/V

We are here to represent ...

The special ambition for our city is .
There are three main topics.
;fir*f First of all, ... Secondly, ... Finally, ..

ffiI/llF-
Thank you for your kind attention.

ti'iifj'tJil' ?!:¡ Take turns to give your presentation to another

I '.llli' pair and listen to their presentation. Make notes.

,:c Evaluate both presentations. Did you use good

language? Was your pronunciation clear? Was the
communication good?

* Witn the other pair, Iook in detail at each city's plans

and discuss their strengths and weaknesses. Which city
do you think should host the Olympic Games?

83
STUDY SKILLS W
;' i:'H,J\ i\L, \ ( )l R i lsl! \l\(, 1

, Make a list of different situations when you listen t

to English (e.g. watching films, listening to lectures). INTERPOL 1
Which are the easiest / most difficult for you? Why?
2
.t,, The skill of listening There are two main kinds of
Iistening: listening for the general idea and listening
for detail. Look back at the listening exercises in this INTEffiPÜI- 3
coursebook and find some for each kind. Which kind
did you find the easiest / most difficult? .:;: §.iiiii Listen to the talk. Does the speaker talk
about any of the things in your questions in Exercise
.:.., There are a number of things you can do before
4a? What does she say about them? Dot
you listen which can help you to understand better
and get the information you need. Which do you think d isr
:¡:'Listen again. Did you hear any of the words you
will help you most? chose in Exercise 4b?
1 Use your knowledge of the topic.
2 Guess who is going to speak. *,,: Importance markers The speaker uses a number of
phrases to show that what she is saying and what she
3 Guess what the speaker will say. is going to say is important. Can you complete these
4 Cuess the vocabulary the speaker will use.
5 Cuess specific phrases the speaker will use. sentences? Look at the underlined sentences in Audio T
script 10.10 on page 161 and check.
: Activate your knowledge You are going to listen 1 INTERPOL now has 190 member countries. And let
A
to a talk about INTERPOL, the international police me out that it's those countries that pay for it! o
organisation. What do you know about it? Describe the 2 Don't that most INTERPOL officers stay in
\\'t
INTERPOL emblem. What do you think it means? their own country.
3 But, and I must your attention to this, we
tol
Predicting content Here are some questions you to.
never break the law in any country.
can ask yourself before you listen to the talk. Can you ar€
add two or three more questions?
4 One of our is problems connected with
Ol' t

drugs. ph(
1 Where is INTERPOL based? 5 Another important is trafficking in human iin
2 How many people work for it? beings. bec
, Predicting vocabulary Which of these words do
6 Another priority is financial crime. Th
you think the speaker will use?
7 The important thing we do is to run a global isE
pol ice communication system.
accommodation boxer crime criminal B important thing we do is to provide training On,
tha
databases entertainment financial fingerprints courses for national police forces.
are
headquarters languages laws literature ,i-,rr tnfr
Which type of crime that INTERPOL fights do you
member police forces priorities slogan staff
think is the most serious? \\'t'l
list

ist
r{ eqL
# (ln
i¡h
_ioc
the
-L^!'1.-
á
lrc
.*, 1:)
. i.
ú u_
r! ? :r_ :
i

:i : : -r:
:-:l
.l
: l.l-
---c1
 r
WRITINC SKILLS
A FOR-AND-ACAI NST ESSAY
,r' Discuss these questions in small groups.
)L
1 When you make a phone call, do you ever think that
someone could be Iistening to you?
2 Do you think it is right for the police, governments
or media to listen secretly to people's phone
conversations?
3 Have you seen or read any news stories in your
country about this kind of activity?
i;,,,, Read this student's essay about phone-tapping.
Does the writer mention any of the things you
',:,: Match these headings (a-d) with the paragraphs of
the essay. Which form the main body of the essay?
a Advantages c lntroduction
b Conclusion d Disadvantages
'i.i,., Where can you find these things in the essay?
Write / for introduction, MB for main body and C for
conclusion.
1 a statement of the writer's opinion
2 a statement of the importance of the subject
3 development of important ideas
4 a statement of the writer's aims
5 a summ¿ry of the main poinls

discussed in Exercise 7? r ::,..,,

Underline the phrases that are used in the essay
to talk about advantages and disadvantages.
Sb oo you agree with the ideas in this essay?
,r : i :,,, Use this table to make sentences about the
of
re writer's opinions.
e
The main the police can get
lio THE ADVANTAGES disadvantage of information about
let
AND DISADVANTAGES One of the bad
criminals in a safe way.
rr itl OF PHONE.TAPPING points about phone- it helps to catch criminals.
1
tapping
When you talk on your phone, who is listening The main is that itis too easy to buy the
to you? Is it just the person you are talking advantage of necessary equipment.
to, or are there others who can hear what you One of the good we cannot have private
are saying - governments, police, journalists points about conversations.
or criminals? Listening secretly to someone's
phone conversations is called'phone-tapping'
(in the UK) or'wiretapping'(in the US). It has L- ," : ,,,:-:',r Study the use of the linkers although,
become a very important issue in our lives. on the other hand and therefore in the essay. Then
This essay will consider whether phone-tapping complete these sentences.
is good or bad for our society.
1 _ phone-tapping can help to catch criminals,
One serious disadvantage of phone-tapping is we can also lose our freedom.
that we cannot be sure if our conversations 2 There are a number of good points about this.
are private. Newspapers, for example, can use _t there are many more bad points.
information they get from phone-tapping to 3 There is very little data about this. _, it is
write stories about celebrities. If people are difficult to reach clear conclusions.
listening to us in secret, we lose some of our 4 A career in the police force could be very
freedom. Another problem with phone-tapping interesting. it might be dangerous.
is that it is very easy for anyone to buy the 5
I
equipment you need to do it.
_ the crime rate is going down, people
sometimes feel less safe.
On the other hand, a major advantage is that
-,
it helps to catch criminals, and that makes our i ? i: Which other sentences and phrases in the essay
-- society safer. Another advantage is that - for can you use in a for-and-against essay on any topic?
-r. the police - it is possible to get information
about criminals without putting police offlcers
i,i.: Developing ideas Work with a partner. Discuss
E.
the advantages and disadvantages of these topics.
in dangerous situations.
1 using CCTV cameras
To sum up, is phone-tapping good or bad? This is 2 police forces having a lot more female officers
a difficult question to answer. Although it helps
to make our society safer, people can know too
3 sending criminals who are not dangerous to prison

much about our private lives. Therefore, we lose i ,iir Choose one of the topics above and write four
some of our freedom. Perhaps we need more sentences like those in Exercise 10b.
time to understand the effects of this, but I
personally think that the advantages are greater 1;.:r Write a for-and-against essay on the topic you
than the disadvantages. chose above. Use your ideas from above and linkers
\ from Exercise 1'la.

B5
10.4
The environme
11.1 CLIMATE CHANCE 'i(
S

IN THIS UNIT a
e
o

b
li OU
e

v
a
M

1 c
2 is
3
4
5

'l speak {or the trees, for ¿ñe trees have no tongues.' ln The Lorax by Dr Seuss, 1904-1991 , US writer

c
a
SPEAKINC
1 "t Discuss these questions in small groups.
extreme weather
reI
2 -ts
1 What has the weather been like this week? :20,00ü,t00 re:ults (C.3 seconds)

2 Describe the climate in your country or region.

A-
a
Think about the different seasons. aho
)
3 How often does your country experience these New scientific analysis supports the view that record- opir
a breaking summer heat and other extreme weather even'
things? Which countries frequently experience them?
C are the result of global warming.
I thunderstorms and heavy rain droughts scientifi c-resea rch-weather
and
r temperatures above 35'C floods tornadoes
hurricanes and typhoons heatwaves
B-
The south of France and northern ltaly are experiencing pres
extremely heavy rain and 100km/h winds. Over 200mm of \\ or
READINC rain is expected to fall overnight, which will increase the ris
of flooding from the River Po near Turin. Some roads have - :-l:
.l; Match the internet search results on the right been closed as part of the emergency planning for the are¿-
-:tl
(A-D) with these titles (1-4).
news-weather-results
1 The real facts about climate change
2 Heavy storms hit southern Europe C_1
3 Extreme weather linked to global warming, Nobel Sovetheworld provides facts on global warming, the l
prize-winning scientist says ... causes of global warming, the effects of climate change
4 UN warns of rising food costs after year's extreme - heavy storms, severe floods/droughts - and gives j
weather solutions to this global issue.
save-world-global-warming
ili: Which of the websites tell us these things? ^--t.
D
1 How to solve a serious problem
The warning comes as shops face a shortage of basic for
isth
2 Problems that are caused by today's weather
due to the lack of rain in Russia and the US this year, and
3 The connection - report that wheat production is at the lowest
farmers
4 Research data level since the 1980s.
warm
effects_extreme-weather
 VOCAB U LARY GRAMMAR
NOUN FHRASES: NOUN + IJF r I\üLJl.,l PRFSENT PERFICT'2: fCNSINCE

.§a Look again at the internet search results and find 7* Complete these sentences with for or since. When
the examples of noun phrases with this pattern: noun do we use for and srnce to show the period of time?
+ of + something, e.g. the consequences of climate ln all these sentences, is the period of time finished or
change. Which noun phrase has no plural form? unfinished?

3l¡ Match the first noun in each of the noun phrases

I l've known about global warming 20 years.
you found above with these meanings. Use some of
2 It has rained every day the second ofJune.
the meanings more than once.
3 There has been no rainfall 96 days.
4 Heatwaves have become 30 times more likely
1 something which makes something else happen 1 950.
2 a possibility that something bad may happen
3 when you do not have the quantity that you need 7h Find more examples of the present perfect in
4 something which happens because of something Audio scripts 11.1-11.3 on pages 161-162.In which
else examples is there a specific time period that continues
5 a piece of something up to now?

3c Use the eight nouns from Exercise 3b to complete * l-angr¡age r.-¡ít r+rict-' .l¡rri erl¡'¿ ¡rraciic<,:. ¡:agcs 122-.i:.i
this paragraph.
{$a Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfec!
then complete the sentences so that they are true
The fact that I don't want to live in a city is the '_ for you.
of many different things. '_of the problem with
cities is that there is a lot of air pollution. One of the 1 I _(be) at this college / with my company forl
t_ of this air pollution is that the o_of since ...
people dying young increases. Heavy traffic is one 2 I _(live) in my current home forlsince ...
of the s_ of air pollution, and people often use 3 l_(have) my mobile phone forlsince ,..
cars because there is a6_of public transport. 4 I _(know) my best friend forlsince ...
The 7_ of air pollution on our lives are clear, 5 I English forlsince ...
but a B of money often means governments *§h Compare your sentences with a partner. Who has

ffi
can't improve the urban environment.
done -(studY)
those things for the longest?
A: How long have you been at this college?
LISTEN ¡NC B: For about sx months. What about vau?
4a §ffi Listen to the opening of a radio programme
about the environment. How has the presenter's SPEAKINC
d- opinion about global warming changed?
events
9a lllustrating a claim Work with a partner and discuss
{[¡ Listen again. What do the numbers 20, 1929, 96 these statements. Can you find / think of examples to
and 50 refer to? justify the claims? Keep notes of your discussion.
1 Clobal warming has caused social and economic
5a @l Now tisten to the scientist's answers to the change.
1g presenter's questions and make notes. Use the key 2 My government has done a lot to reduce global
nof words and phrases in this box to help you. warming.
re risk
globe warming climate change
global
3 There are still many things we haven't done which
tave could reduce global warming.
frequency extreme averaBe temperature
I area.
4 The way I have lived my life is bad/good for the
environment.
:.,ii Use your notes to complete these statements.
1 Across the globe, there has been an increase in ... Sh Compare your ideas with another pair of students.
2 The increase in average global temperature increases Use your notesto help you.
ange the ...
3 There will be more heatwaves, but ...
i, Listen to the final part of the programme and
{Si-],$l§
fl vrrrr rHE EXPERT
make notes. Compare your notes with a partner. What Watch an interview with Dr Laura Baker;
is the main problem that the scientist discusses? a meteorologisf about tracking and
ic food analysing storms.
, and Turn to page 130 for video activi
rst

4
 WASTE NOT, WANT NOT

VOCABULARY tr 2 CI
CONTAINERS AI\D MATERIALS PH
"l Work with a partner.
What do you think the photos 4a
on page 89 show? Check your answer on page 136. anc
dol
2a Match these containers with photos 1-B on the 'par
right. Are these words countable or uncountable? iso
bottle the
box can/tin carton
)u, packet pot tube tr ver
1

2b ptatch these materials with the containers above

Are the collocations countable or uncountable? l
aluminium cardboard glass metal
paper plastic +t)
trvc
d¡ff,
2c Which word carries the main stress in these
phr
collocations? For example, do we say a glass jar or
glass iatl
a
7 tr
i ntr
2d What is usually found in these containers? What do
o b1,
you do with containers when they are empty?
an(
Ere
READINC \\, h

3a Read the interview that appeared on a newspaper

website. Which of these statements best describes
Kevin and Alicia?
'l

I
Kevin is a consumer, and Alicia works for a
supermarket.
2 Kevin is a journalist, and Alicia works in the
packaging industry.
3 Kevin works for an organisation that protects the
environment, and AIicia works for the government.

3b According to the interview, which two sentences §

are correct?
1 There are no arguments to support wrapping In the week that the government sets
coconuts. out its new environmental programme,
2 People in the UK are paying around f500 a year for Kevin M*Cabe and Áfi*ia $tcwrart consider
food packaging. the problem of food packaging waste.
3 Kevin thinks that the packaging industry must reduce
the amount of packaging waste.
K§ffi; On my way home from work
4 The packaging industry is not concerned about the
yesterday, I stopped off at my loca1 C
amount of packaging waste that is produced in the
supermarket. Among other things,

5
UK.
The UK recycles more packaging waste than many
other European countries. 10 that
I wanted to buy a couple of coconuts.
When I picked them up, I was amazed
each coconut was wrapped in clear, thin
a-i -:-

6 Changes in society have little effect on how much plastic. Isn't this the most stupid example of --.a:
packaging we use. packaging ever? ::::-
*:
3c What do these words in the interview refer to?
é-S: You've picked an unusual example
"'t
1 this (line 1 1) ofpackaging, but there is a reason for Ft
2 it (line 1B) 15
this. Supermarkets want to make sure
3 we (line 31) d
that coconuts reach the consumer in the
4 these (line 36) very best condition. The packaging helps
5 that (line 48) to keep the product fresh; it cuts down the damage if ú
6 they (line 52) the product gets broken; it stops coconut hairs from -;-=::
- -
^--
20 getting into other food
during transport and it allows -s::
supermarkets to put on an information label. l:: s
 GRAMMAR Find other phrasal verbs in the interview. Which are transitive?
PI_'IRASAL VERBS Which are intransitive?
4a A phrasal verb is formed by a verb
and one or two other words (e.g. up,
Complete the sentences below with the particles in the box.
down, ofD. We call these other words
'particles'. The meaning of a phrasal verb back down out (x2) up (x2)
is often different from the meaning of
the verb without a particle. Underline the
verbs in these sentences.
1 Did prices go or down last year?
2 What's the most interesting thing you've found _ recently?
1 a He's going to the supermarket. 3 Have you ever carried any research?
b The amount ol waste is going up. 4 Has anyone in your family ever set a company or a club?
2 a She cut her birthday cake. 5 Have you ever borrowed anything that you haven't given _?
b Packaging cuts down damage. 6 Why must we cut _ the amount of packaging waste?

4b Look at the verbs again. Which 6b Work with a partner. Take turns to ask and answer the questions
two are phrasal verbs? What are the above. lf possible, develop your answers using two or three sentences.
differences in meaning between the
phrasal and non-phrasal verbs?
SPEAKINC
,5a Phrasal verbs can be transitive or Problem-solving Work in small groups. Discuss what you can do to
intransitive. Transitive verbs need an cut down waste. Think about these things: birthday cards, toys, plastic
object. lntransitive verbs do not need bags, fruit and vegetables, print-outs from your computer, DVDs, water.
an object. Look at the phrasal verbs in
nt t;iir.: phcrrcr anrj {lathr:.: - rcrl,¡l¡l ¡¡-l,,r.,
Exercise 4a. Which one is transitive?
Which is intransitive? bi:fhday, lpre-rr¡lfi * grr.,r: r:ileil a. or {-ct1{.:{}rt lit i<.t:ts,lcl r/ri¡x-,.sable gcxrr&

'' ,- Turn to page 136 to check your ideas.

§{S?: I think they are. The amount of

4A
packaging waste that's recovered and recycled
in the UK has gone up for a number of years
- although this country's record is poor
compared with other European countries.
S However, even with biodegradable materials, it's not
as enough just to put rubbish in a hole in the ground. Without
sun, air and water, a rubbish bag that should break up in 15
days could still exist hundreds of years from now.

.er &S: Yes, that's a problem for planners.

50
% .t:,::r$
Remember too, that changes in society are
going on which affect the amount of packaging
that's produced. For example, more and more
Kffi: I see. However, the fact is that here in the people are living alone and they're eating more
UK, we throw a huge amount of packaging convenience food. So this issue isn't just about the
away - 4.9 million tonnes every year. All those packaging industry - everyone has to pu1I together on this.
;S cans, jars and boxes add about f500 a year to
ed the average food bil1. UK supermarkets give
eight billion single-use plastic bags out a year. In addition,
our streets are lull ofpackaging rubbish such as water
bottles, crisp packets, noodle pots and plastic bags. Isn't it
:r your responsibility to do something about this?

&S; As a matter of fact, we are doing

%4; something. A lot of thought now goes into the
the
relps
¡e if,
)m
# design of packaging. so that ln many cases we
use the minimum amount of material. We're
also using more biodegradable materials, and
these end up mainly as water vapour. But people shouldn't
f,ws iust blame this problem on the packaging industry.
Consumers and governments also need to take action.
 LOCAL RECENERATION

PREPARATION . The government funding committee have some (E

"$ guidelines to help them assess a project proposal. Look
Are these sentences true for the place where you at these guidelines and evaluate which ones the Wild
live? Compare your ideas with a partner. City project meets.
ln my city, ... cor
1 there's a lot of graffiti.
2 there aren't many green spaces. Good projects should ...
3 there are some untidy areas of wasteland. 1 improve the local environment. )
4 my local park isn't looked after. 2 solve a problem. J

5 many streets feel unsafe and dangerous. 3 involve local people working together. -1

4 need no, or little, annual flnancial support'

SITUATION 5 offer ideas for future developments.
agr'
6 make the local area'greener'.
ln New Zealand, local community groups often try SA TT

to improve local environments. They apply to the e\p

government for funding for their projects. on
-*rr ffi Listen to the funding committee discuss the
*;l Read the funding proposal below and answer project. Which of the guidelines do Rick and Poppy
these questions. discuss, and in what order? Do they generally agree or 1

1 What is the main purpose of the project? disagree with each other? )
2 Which do you think are the three most important 3i: Listen again. Are these statements true or false?
)
J
benefits of the project?
3 How much does it cost each year?
1 Rick says the project is good for the environment.
2 lt solves a problem because it brings local people
together.
PR
3 The project does not meet two of the guidelines.
4 The annual running costs are acceptable.

WiIdCi 5 Proiects with unpaid volunteers are often

unsuccessfu l.
in
qu€
E

Project description: The regeneration .CSI

of an
area of wasteland by turning it into a
small,
urban wildlife park

Benefits ofthe project:

sp
1 It will turn an ugly area of wasteland into r.
an attractive nature park.
2 It will increase the number of trees and :.
animals in this urban area.
3 It will be an educational resource for local
children. §
4 It might attract some visitors to the area.
5 It will bring the community together. Local I
1
I
people will build and look after ¿
the park. I

Budget (including annual running

costs):
Total cost: NZ$49,000

Cost breakdown:
Clearance of the wasteland: NZ$20.000
Purchase of 100 trees: NZ$B,O00
Purchase ofplants and seeds: NZ$10.000
Annual running cost: NZg10.000

ff-§dN.¿x¿*""*h
 LOCAL RECENERATION t

KEY LANCUACE TASK

ook CHECKINC ACREEMENT COLLABORATINü
rd
4* ffi Complete these sentences from the {r; You are on the funding committee considering
conversation. Then listen and check. three projects: Wild City, Super Streets and Village of
'l You can't get much greener than a wildlife park, Wind. Look at the information about the other two
you? projects on page 137 and assess all three projects in
2 The project solves a problem, _ it? order to prepare for the meeting. What are the good/
3 -They could do it unpaid, they? bad things about all three projects? Which of the
4 We've seen that fail before, _ we? guidelines do/don't they meet?

4b Use question tags when you think someone
agree with what you say or to check they have the
same idea/opinion. In the sentences above, the speaker
expects the listener to agree. Look at Audio script 11.4
on page 162 and find more examples of question tags.
he
4c Complete these sentences with question tags.
or 1 lt costs a lot of money, _?
2 We can't pay for everythin g, _?.
3 They haven't answered all the questions,
will i-ri: The committee has a total of NZ$200,000 available,
which can be used for one, two or all three projects.
Have a meeting to decide which projects you willfund.
Co through each project, checking that you agree on
whether or not the project meets the guidelines. You
can suggest possible changes to the projects if that
means you might fund them. Use the Useful phrases
below to help.
?.

4 lt's a good idea, _? What do you think of this one?

5 They could make a few changes, _? What about the other guidelines?
What changes could they make?
PRON U NCIATION Exactly. / lndeed. / Of course.
I'm not sure. / Possibly, but ...
,.,, ,.,' i :i.r', :: .;r r .lr.;:1.r:r.:i LiSten tO the SentenCgS
in Exercise 4a again. Does the intonation on the
question tags go up or down? {tc Compare your decisions with other groups.
. Work with a partner. Practise saying and
responding to the sentences in Exercise 4c.

#,
Hr
Yn-.
,r
I ffi
§

{r
á. .-. - \., '>
Elr..5
c.".'a'i =-l-k'' 'i,

*ri' j .:
f{h
*"
:it

,ii4-
á--q-

%
91
¡ 1
''.ie
 11 4
I
:

STUDY SKILLS ."r, You can ask yourself other questions about the W
ii i \i\l\( i í ,t, iir /\LI \ ii;{ ). i Rt ',:)i\r; il \Tl text. Read sections-l-4. Then add questions a-d below AF
to the correct section. You may use the same section
iWhen people think critically, they ask questions (see twice.
4t
Lesson 6.4: Study skills). So when you read a new text, 1
asking questions will help you to understand the text
1 Quality of information
In the first two paragraphs, can I find examples of
better. Add three or four questions to this list. Then 2
information that is a) fact and b) opinion?
check on page 138. 3
Where did the text appear (e.g. on a website, on a poster)? 2 Reasons for something
How many reasons does the writer give why it is not
Who wrote it, and who will read it? a good idea to build a new runway? What are they? J
,. Read the action group newsletter below and answer Which do I think is the most important? 1

the questions from Exercise l. Then compare your 3 What is missing )

ideas with a partner. Does the letter give arguments for and against the
new runway? 3
4 Language
BarnleY Action GrouP What do I think the phrase a very long time means
NEWSLEÍÍEB in paragraph 2: five years? 2O years?. 2OO years?
something else?
Dear Resident
a Only 4,000 people live in Barnley. Why doesn't the
As I am sure you know, the government and British writer mention this fact in his letter?
Airports Organisation (BAO) want to build a new runway b What is the effect of the word beautiful, which is
have
at iatsted Alrport befo re 2O22. The location they used to describe the village?
chosen is on the north side of the airport, where our
c ls everything in the letter true?
village now stands. d What does the phrase the majority of local people
As local residents, we do not believe that a new
runway is mean in paragraph 3:51'/"? 60o/"?. 75"A? more?.
a good idea. Our beautiful village will not exist any more'
who .,:' Now answer all the questions above.
uñd -ury fumilies:will lose their homes - families
have lived and worked in the area for a very long time' r,.l ¡o you think the letter will have the effect that
Also, the increase in air traffic will create a lot of
noise I

the writer wants? Why?/Why not? lmagine you live in

and pollution. Barnley. Willyou go to the meeting?
1

We already know that the majority of local people are

against the plans. As a result, we are setting up an
ultion gtorp in order to fight against the plans for this f
airport. thehrst meeting of our group will be in Barnley
Community Centre on Monday 5 fuly at 7'30 p'm' ¡

We hope you can join us then' We will decide

how we r

can best organise our protest' Please help us to protect

our homes, our way of life and our environment for I
yourselves and for future generations'

{""e
a

Roderick Chetter E

President, BarnleY Action GrouP

I
'o ts

\A
-s's& li}#
t

F
-,ñ'1¡ -
T
:'

S
tr

:'
a
 WRITINC SKILLS
ow
n
Discuss these questions with a partner.
1 Have you ever read a report? If so, what kind of
report was it?
,f
2 Have you ever written a report?
3 ln which situations will you need to write reports in
the future, do you think?
not
or¡2 .r Read the report below and choose the best title.
"t'
'l PIans for a new runway at Catsted Airport
2 Reactions to plans for a new runway at Catsted
Airport
3 Opposition to plans for a new runway at Catsted
Airport
-ts
A
the The aim of this report is to summarise the findings
of a recent survey among local residents in the
village of Barnley in southern Sussex on plans
to build a new runway at Gatsted Airport. AEB
Research was asked to carry out the survey by
a local action group. The data was collected
by questionnaire and interviews with 400 local
residents between 6th and 17th October.
B
c 6
tn
The majority of local residents (83%)said that
they were against the plans for the new runway.
The main reason (mentioned by 75%) was that
it will destroy the village of Barnley, and many
families will have to move house. These people
sometimes have long connections with the area,
going back hundreds of years. Another important
reason (mentioned by 64%) was that the runway
will cause noise and pollution.
D '1l,r Which other phrases in the report could you use
A minority of residents (17%), on the other hand,
felt that a new runway could bring benefits to the
area, as it could create new jobs.
q
üq
E
However, 96% of all residents thought that a
& better idea was to build a new runway at one of
É the other airports in the region.
F
To sum up, there was a great deal of opposition to
the plan for the new runway. There was an almost
universal feeling that the government and BAO
should build an extra runway at another airport.
Because of the strong local feeling, we believe
that the government and BAO should consider
other possible locations carefully.
i: Put these headings and sub-headings in the correct
place (A-F) in the report.
1 Conclusion
2 Arguments against building the new runway at
Gatsted Airport
3 lntroduction
4 Alternative locations for the runway
5 Arguments for building the runway at Catsted
Airport
6 Findings
.,:; Asking «itical questions Look at the questions in
Exercise 1 again. How many of them can you answer
about the report?
."l-, Write two or three questions you can ask yourself
about the report. Use the questions in Exercise 3a to
help you.
!s Lhe inicrn'¡atiort true?
;r Look back at the essay on page 85. What is the main
difference between a report and an essay?
:l;,, Match these phrases (1-6) with their functions
(a-f) below.
1 The aim of this report is to ...
2 The data was collected by ...
3 The majority... said that...
4 The main reason ... was that ...
5 A minority ... felt that ...
To sum up, there was ...
a the opinion of most people
b the opinion of a small number of people
c why the report was written
d a summary of the report
e how the information was obtained
f why people had particular views
i..,:-l ln paragraphs C, D and E of the report, which four
verbs are used to report the residents' opinions?
in a report on any topic?
.i,' You work for an independent market research
:l
company. The government wants to build a new
terminal at a major airport. You have carried out a
survey and found out what local people think about
the idea. Write your report. Use the information on
page 138 and your own ideas.
¡d
.&.'
 Sport
12.1 MINORITY SPORTS
1

2
IN THIS UNIT
)
J

ph,
the
(no
spo
cha

L[5

CUT
the

'Sports clo not build character. They reveal it.' Heyrvood Broun, l BBB-1 939, US journalist
2
3

VOCABULARY AND SPEAKINC ffi li&1§l§w§li§§§§l§li§iilr§§iii§eeeüit§§i§!,§ti&i§,§&1

+
! ,¡l * r¡a¡

', Discuss these questions in small groups.

'l
:'

What's the most popular sport in your country to said

:. Time for a change in sport
a) watch and b) play?
2 How popular are these sports in your country? " I read your story 'Not so jolly hockey' (20 October) 1

with great interest as, for the last few weeks, I have
2
gymnastics cycling basketball fencing . been travelling around the country, talking to young
table tennis dragon-boat racing hockey judo .. people about minority sports. The youngsters that )
polo sailing swimming skiing , I met were doing a wide variety of minority sports J

i, (e.g. fencing, gymnastics, archery) and they were all

4

3 Which of the sports do you consider minority sports?
What other minority sports do you know?
4 Which verbs are used to talk about these and other
sports: do, go or play, e.g. do judo, play footballz.
5 Ask your partners about sports they play (or have
played), and about sports they would like to do.
1b How much do you know about some of these
sports? Do the quiz on page 138 with a partner.
READINC
,, enthusiastic and dedicated. However, they were also
sad, disappointed and angry about the lack of media
'
interest in their sports, and also about poor facilities this
' and funding. All over the country, I heard the same whr
comment: 'If we had more funding, we would do really proI
well in international competitions.'
.. Let's give the young people of this country a real
chance to improve their fitness, show their talents
, and achieve success. We need proper government
,, investment in facilities and training. We also need a
. sympathetic media that tells young people about less

2a Read this letter that appeared in a national newspaper. 1. well-known sports in order to develop their interest.
l, I believe it is now time for the government and
What is its purpose? Tick(/) the correct answer(s).
, the media to show the same commitment to minority
1 to persuade the media to report minority sports more .. sports as the young people who do them.
2 to report on Michaela's travels .i

3 to put pressure on the government to spend more ,' Michaela Scriuin

, World nragon-Boat Champion
money on minority sports
.,. Glasgow

,t
 2b f¡na these things in the letter. CRAMMAR
'l a list of minority sports
\ll i :\: ]l ¿-l\i)!-I,; ,.'-/ ¡. \-rL"

2 a reason why the media should report Look at these sentences and answer the questions (1-3) below.
minority sports
a
tu 3
4
problems faced by people who do
minority sports
young people's feelings about doing
b
lf we had more funding, we would do really well in international
competitions.
lf the media showed more interest in other sports, kids would want
to try them.
their sports
5 information about the writer's recent
c If they had more opportunities, they wouldn't be so unhealthy.

activities 1 Do the sentences describe real or unreal situations?

6 a statement about what official action
is required
2c Evaluating effective language Which
phrases does Michaela use to show that
the problems are national and general
(not local), affecting many people and
sports? Do you think her letter will
change anything? Why?/Why not?
LISTEN INC
3a @ Listen to an extract from a
2 In the ii-clause, which tense do we use after iR. Does this refer to
past time?
3 ln the main clause, which form of the verb iollows would?
'i Correct the mistakes in these sentences.
1 lf I watched more sport on TV, I'd to know the names of more
sports players.
2 lf you had the chance to learn a new sport, what will it be?
3 They would didn't go sailing if they didn't like it.
4 I wouldn't lend him any money for the ski trip if I don't trust him.
(l'm sure he'll pay it back.)

H current affairs programme and answer

these questions.
1 What time of day is this programme
broadcast?
5 Would children played more minority sports if they didn't only see
football on TV?

2 What are the guests' jobs? You can use might instead of would. Mightis less certain than would
3 How many letters/emails do they
discuss?
4 Do the guests agree or disagree with ', Work in small groups. Complete the gaps with the correct form of the
the letters/emails? verb, then ask each other the questions and discuss the unusual situations.
What would you do if ...
3b Listen again and make notes. What is
1 you (win) a million dollars?
said about:
2 you (meet) your favourite film star?
rber)
1 recent government spending on 3 you __(hear) someone moving about in your house late at night?
have
minority sports? 4 a very rich and famous, but unpleasant sports star(want) to
)ung
2 the success of British sportsmen and marry your best friend?
women in minority sports?
that
)orts
3 minority sports in the media?
SPEAKINC
'e all
4 children's opportunities to do minority
sports at school? ,l' Do you agree with these statements? Discuss in groups. Explain
also
your answers.
Ledia
3c Discuss with a partner. Do you think
1 Children play many different sports at school.
lities this programme is interesting? Why?/
iame Why not? What can you learn from a
2 Top footballers would play better if they didn't get so much money.
eally programme Iike this?
3 We can see a wide range of sports on television.
4 My national sports teams would be more successful if they had
.real more funding.
lents
nent
led a
t less
lst,
and
ority
 BIC SPORT, BIC BUSINESS

READINC VOCABULARY SP
LINKINC \A/ORDS
I What do you know about the FIFA Football World 4t
Cup? Discuss these questions with a partner. lla
Look at the article to find the words in the box qu(
1 Which countries do the fans in the photos (A-D) Then match them with categories 1-4 below.

2
support?
Can you name any winners and hosts of the World
despite when since if E
Cup?
however although so but
3 How popular is the World Cup in your country with Did
both men and women? 1 To draw a conclusion 3 To show a conditional link
Sea
2 To show a contrast 4 To show a time relationship
arSt
3a Read the magazine article and choose the best title.
the
'1 Men 1, Women 0
i$tr ln the article, which of the words above are
\\'ol
followed by clauses, and which are followed by noun
2 Companies spend billions on World Cup ads
phrases? Which one works across two sentences?
3 Advertisers forget female fans
4 Record numbers of women watch World Cup .irChoose a word from the box in Exercise 3a to z
complete each of these sentences. Sometimes more
?[¡ According to the article, are these sentences true, than one answer is possible.
false or does the article not say?
1 The percentage of female fans has increased very
1 the heavy snow, they played a football match.
quickly.
2 lhe World Cup took place in Japan and Do
South Korea, the number of Asian football fans rose
2 Men are the target audience of advertisers during the
significantly.
mot
World Cup. see
3 Sean Gabb thinks there should be more adverts
3 The percentage of fans aged under eleven has hab
aimed at women.
increased football moved to prime time TV. aimr
4 During the World Cup, the costs of TV advertising
4 _we had more money, we could advertise
during the game.
are lower than usual.
5 We'd like to advertise to womeñ._, it's very
5 Companies did not spend a lot of money on
expensive. E
advertising during this World Cup.
6 .l
An advert during a daytime TV drama costs f ,000
6 _we'd like to advertise to women, it's very
expensive.
per second in England.
7 It is not a good idea to advertise to women during
7 Many women watch football, _ we're going to
aim more adverts at them.
daytime TV dramas.
8 Dan Harper thinks the adverts were interesting for
B She likes playing football, she doesn't watch
much of it on TV.
the female fans.

I ilIITII :¡rIrI It §rl¡rI ¡l tl¡tII II

iflhese days, female footballfans
I are evervwhere. They're in the
I stadiums, at the big-screen events
and probably in front of your own
television. The percentage of women
watching football has increased steadily
'There were too many adverts for men and
there weren't enough adverts for female
fans. These percentages show that more
women watch important football matches
than watch normal TV dramas.'
/
The number of women watching

since it became more accessible in the
early'90s, and, at the last FIFAWorld Cup,
the percentages set a record high. Despite
this fact, the majority of advertisements
during that competition were still aimed
at men.
During the last World Cup, on
* average, 42To offhe viewers were
female, and the two highest
percentages were in Argentina
and South Korea. If a game
involved the person's own
country, the percentage of female
viewers increased significantly to
about 50%.'The advertisers missed
a wonderful opportunity,' claims Sean
/1.kL . h,,.i-^.. la¡rrrrar.-.1 .,,tL,^-
t
football games seems an opportunity
that is too good to miss, but advertising
companies claim that advertising on
TV is too expensive during the games.
In England, the TV companies charge
8300,000 for 30 seconds. This is ten
times more expensive than during a
daytime TV drama, and this is too much
money for most advertisers who focus on
women.
Dan Harper, an advertiser, says that
although the numbers of female fans are
high, they are not high enough. It is more
efficient to aim adverts at women when
the audience is 80% female and the cost is
much lower, during a daytime drama, for
 SPEAKINC CRAMMAR
4 Evaluating claims Discuss these
(. questions with a partner. ' Look at these sentences. Which three describe a problem or mistake?
'
a There were too many adverts for men.
It 'The advertisers missed a wonderful
opportunity,' claims Sean Gabb.
b
c
This is too much money.
There were enough adverts.
d There weren't enough adverts for iemale ians.
Did they? Which points in the text weaken :,,. Which of the phrases above mean you:
link
Sean's claim? Can you think of any more
nship
arguments against this claim? What would t have the right amount of something?
the consequences be of more adverts for 2 need more of something?
)un women during football games? 3 need fewer things?
4 need less of something?

E 'Modern women are as interested , We can also use too and enough with adjectives. Find the four
in these things as modern men, so examples in the article.
re
perhaps there were enough adverts
r. ,
aimed atwomen.' Choose the correct word to complete these grammar notes.
atch foo comes before/after nouns and before/after adjectives.
-ose
Do you agree with Dan's claim about Enough comes before/after nouns and before/after adjectives.
modern women? What differences do you
see between male and female consumer
habits? How do adverts show that they are
TV aimed at men and/or women? ',, Put the words in italics in order to make sentences.
1 I enough / free time / have during the week.
2 I have / too / homework / much each r,veek.
ry
of
3 I earn / don't / money / enough to live a comfortable life.
E'DuringthelastWorldCup, 42Vo
4 The / are / buses / too / and / trains / crotvded in the rush hour.
the viewers were female.'
!' 5 There / enough / sports / aren't / iacilities in nrv local area.

Who do you think watches more sport,

6 My national / good / football / teatn / is / enough to nrin the \,Vorlcl Cur¡r.
rg to
men or women? Why? Do the TV viewing ,.: Are the sentences true for you, your city and/or your country?
habits of your classmates support your Tell your partner.
atch
claim?

SPEAKIN C
:
,, Think about some of these issues. What is the current situation in
¡tt I ffiw your country? ls there too much or too little of something? Do people
do too much or not enough of something?
rd Football: money, TV, competitions, players
Sport and health: adults/children
)re
tches Swimming pools and sports facilities
'
,, Compare your ideas with a partner and decide how things could
be different.
v
ing l¡iirlit'iruil{ch,'J¿¡'rerr ck:*'tp!a1' enr,'rtgis}lo'i i; rit r; ','n,,,rL (i ,, )¡'¡5
ta t i i i r,: v'. aáe r- i i/¡lr¡:;r rlor¡ld l¡r, lle¿ l¡lr irr.
I {

rs.

le WRITINC
I Write two paragraphs about one of the issues that you discussed
He also claims that it is too simple Describe the situation and the solutions you suggested. Use Iinking
ruch to say their adverts were not aimed words where possible.
15 On at women. 'We didn't just advertise
shaving products during the World
hat
are
Cup. There were adverts for sports
clothes, snacks and drinks, credit
fl rvrrrr rHE EXPERT
Watch an interview with Rachel Pavlou, the Women's
:10re cards and fast cars. However, we think
en Football Development Manager for the English FA,
modern rvomen are as interested
ost is about the rise of women's football.
in these things as modern men, so
for Turn to page 130 for video activities.
L, perhaps there were enough adverts
aimed atwomen.'
 SPORTS PSYCHOLOCY

PREPARATION SITUATION Kt
AN
I a Make a list of the sports you have Sport involves the body and the mind, and sports psychologists
- played. Put them in order of enjoyment. help professional sports people improve their performance. These 4a
Compare your list with a partner and psychologists can also help people find the sports that best suit der
explain your order. their personality. Dr Sophia Mannit is a sports psychologist working 1
in a sports centre. She uses a questionnaire to analyse customers' 2
§ i¡ Match the different personality types
personalities and suggest suitable sports.
in the box with the descriptions below.
J
lf * ffi Listen to her interview with Alex and make notes. Which
social competitive risk-taking of these situations do they discuss, and in what order?
4
5
a going on holiday c doing an examination
1 I perform better when I challenge b friend
playing sport with a d going on a day trip
6
7
someone.
2 I like doing dangerous activities like 2h Work with a partner. Can you remember any of the questions o

rock climbing. that were asked by Dr Mannit? Use your notes to help you. 4b
3 I Iike meeting people and being part of
a team. 3c, Listen again. Check your ideas from above, and answer these 1

questions. 2
.}
e Which of the personality types above I Which personality type do you think each question relates to? 3'
would or wouldn't suit the sports in the 2 Which answer (A-C) does Alex choose for each question? 4
box? Explain your reasons. 3 What do you think his answers show about his personality? 5

yoga bowling rugby tennis l*affi Listen to Dr Mannit explain what Alex's answers show and
rockclimbing snowboarding make notes. What has she found out about Alex?
A competitive personality wouldn't suit use
3E¡ ln each question, Atex's answers to the questionnaire are graded
yoga because ¡rou don't score points in
(i.e. very, quite, not at all) to show different degrees of agreement 1
Yoga, with the adjective. Look at Audio scripts 12.2 and 12.3 on page 163 2
and find examples of this language. What does each answer mean? 3

very competitive = really like challenging so/reone

quite competitive = like sonte challenge with someone PR
non-competitive : not interested in challenging someone
lett,
Chc
i ri, -,-.*-
ii¡affi:
li i c
,fre'
:
I to r'
1
¡¡r¡¡r¡*:

:
5b
$
I 5c
que
:

I
ffi r:*E t ffi ffi
-....::..:::
 SPORTS PSYCHOLOCY Et

KEY LANCUACE TASK

ANSWER[!C COMPLEX QU ESTTONS usrNC A QUESTTONNATRE
4a lffi Listen and complete these quotes from when Alex was 6a Work with a partner. Prepare a
deciding on his answers. short questionnaire about personality
:ing 'l Well, that's a _ one. and sports. The questionnaire will be
)
2 I _, l'd be huppy for my friends, but l'd also want to do better in four sections. Sections 1-3 analyse
than them. personali§; section 4 analyses sporting

ich
3 Right. Er, Iet me ... lthink l'd do A. preferences. Turn to page 139 to see
4 OK, , Iet me think ... the format for the questionnaire.
5 Well, to be _, l'd do B.
§b write one or two questions for
6 Hmm, that's a tricky each section 1,2 and 3 (personality
7 l'm not sure, analysis). Make sure you grade the
1S
B I mean, I wouldn't do A, _ I'm not sure about B or C.
answers for each question (e.g.
4b Answer these questions about the quotes above. a = very competitive, b = quite
competitive/ c = non-competitive).
1 In general, why does Alex use this language?
You could use the situations in the box
2 Which word is similar in meaning fo difficult?
to help you prepare your questions.
3 ln which examples does he explain his ideas?
4 Do you have similar phrases in your language? travel and holidays making a complaint
5 How many times do you think Dr Mannit and AIex said the word choosing a job buying clothes
well in Audio recordings 12.2 and 12.3? Four, eleven or sixteen saving money having a party
and times in total? choosing a hobby doing an examination
playing a sport or game giving a talk
4c Work with a partner. Ask and answer these questions. You can
finding some money spending money
aded use the Key language when you are thinking about your answer.
rt 1 Do you think a sports psychologist can help you?
63 2 Who is your favourite sports player? 6c For section 4, make a list of 12 sports,
ln? 3 Which sports should every young person learn? activities or games. Have a range of
sports: competitive/ non-competitive;
risk-taking risk-free; social and individual
PRONUNCIATION sports. When you interview the other
5a ffi lntonation in lists Listen to this question. How are the students, you will ask if they have played
letters at the beginning of each option a-c in the list pronounced? them and if they enjoyed them.
Choose the best intonation pattern below. Why is this pattern used?
with a friend, would you a) train hard in order
7 lnterview other students in the
If you had a tennis game
I to win, b) practise a little, c) have fun and let your friend win?
1 rise, fall, rise 2 fall, fall, rise 3 rise, rise, fall
class. After each interview, tell the
interviewee what you found out about
their personality, and if their sporting
{ preferences match their personality type
5b Listen again and repeat.
Can you recommend any new sports
5c Turn to Audio script12.2 on page 163 and practise saying the to them?
1 questions.

99
12.4

STUDY SKILLS ,Ilr Make sure you spend more time outside class on W
Tl,\1I ii4r\NA( ; tM IN-f your priorities. What can you do to improve the top AF
two in your own time? With a partner, compare your
: .: Are you good at time management? How do you
list from Exercise 3a and your ideas. [,t
know this? Ent

,r lr
Look at these expressions about time. Which
4 Discuss with a partner. Look at this list of activities. abr
Which can you change to give yourself more time to aCl
expressions suggest problems with time? Which
work on your priorities?
describe positive feelings about time?
. sleeping
/t
1 I've got all the time in the world. . personal care (e.9. washing, dressing)
UK,
2 There aren't enough hours in the day. . eating and drinking (including preparation of meals,
adr
3 Time's running out.
snacks, coffee brreaks)
a li:
4 l've got time on my hands. o travelling
the
5 Time's on my side. ¡ time at college Wh
6 ll's a race against time. . time at work lsü
:' Why will time management be important for
¡ time with family
you if you continue your English studies beyond
o housework Bt
Pre-intermed iate level?
. socialising with friends wel
. sport/leisureactivities her
,i: Work in small groups. Look atthese problems o (non-work) time on the internet q1'
some students are having with time management.
How can you use technology (your computer and
::u.-, 9a
What advice would you give them?
your phone) to improve your time management? or8i
'l l'm often late for appointments, or sometimes I miss in tl
appoi ntments completely. C)nline calendars are ¡1oad because yoLt can switch
2 I spend a lot of time looking for my notes. I can quickl ,t, hetween your daily, weekly and ntonthly 9b
never find anything. schedules so it's easy to see w,hal's happening in your life. that
3 I sometimes study for a long time, but I don't feel l'm lf I see a useful book, I can take a photo oí the cover with e.8.
Iearning anything. I read the material, but nothing's my phone so I clon't l-¡ave to write down all the details
happening - il's not going in. about the book there and then (author, publisher, etc.). 9c
4 I can't finish allthe things I need to do in the day.
Unil
I.1i: How can technology have a negative effect on our
..-.". Listen to some students
and their tutor time? Think about things like social networking, Iong 10
discuss the problems above. Do they mention any of web searches, etc. thes
your ideas? purl
Don't w,aste time checking social neb\/ork¡ng s¡tes too
't
much. lt's easy to spend more tinte on them than you think.
.,i'.- Match this advice (a-h) with the problems (1-4) in 2
Exercise 2a. Then listen again and check. 3
a Find out when you study best. 4
b Decide what's important. 5
c Keep a diary - and check itl 6
d Take regular breaks.
e Make lists of things you need to do. 11
f Organise your liles. the ,

g Make sure you can concentrate. sent

h Be nice to yourselfl 1

.:.- Look at Audio script 12.6 on pages 163-164 and ,$ 2t

I

underline the parts of the script that tell us about the I

advice (a-h) above. Which two tips do you think are 3

most useful for you?
4
..'., Critical evaluation Look at this list of English
language skills and knowledge. Which do you need to
improve urgently? Which are not as urgent? Put them
in order of priority (the most important first). anE
Listening Crammar writr
Speaking Vocabulary que!
Reading Pronunciation que!
Writing Confidence to ht
n WRITINC SKILLS
tr
¡.¡ Work in small groups. Have you ever done an
English course in an English-speaking country? Talk
)s. about your experiences and ideas. If you haven't done
a course/ would you like to? Why?/Why not?
'lt You are interested in doing a summer course in the
Emerald
SCHOOL OF ENGLISH
UK, which combines English with sport. You see this Study English in this friendly city
advert for a school in Belfast, Northern lreland. Make where the Titanic was built!
rls,
a list of about six things you would like to know about
the course and school. Write questions, Iike this:
We offer courses in:
l.tilr.r¡ i.s ¿he b¿lancr: betrl'een dnglistt sllr/y arrr I .p, trt/
. General English
J,s the.sc/rool big or sntall? . English for Business
i:Pepa has looked at the information on the school
. English with Sport
website. However, she still has some questions. Read ,ríl
her email on the right to the school. Are any of her
questions the same as yours in Exercise 7? Very reasonable Prices'

i;Jl . 1,:.,.,¡.r':rr,,,l.r,:r: f6¡¡'rrl Wfiting iS Vefy Well

rd Visit us at:
organised. What is the main topic of each paragraph www.emeraldenglish.com
in the email?

iliir L,.,:tlrt,':r- Underline examples of language

lil'e. that show that this email is polite and/or formal,
¡th e.g. Concerning the sports.
Dear Sir or IVladam
i:l Compare this email with the informal email in
Unit 4 Lesson 4 (page 37). What differences can you find? I wou[d [ike to do your course in 'Engtish with Sport'

f,ur this summer. I am interested in visiting Northern

o 1ii find phrases in the emailyou could replace with lreland, and your schooI seems ideaI for me. I have
b
these formal phrases that have a similar meaning or found a lot of the information I need from your
purpose.
website, but I stitthave some questions. lwould be
ink. 1 With regard to ... very gratefu[ if you cou[d answer them.
2 Regards
3 I wish to ... First of att, if I stayed for four weeks, how many
4 I would like to know ... teachers wou[d I have? Are there any exams at the
5 Dear Ms Kennedy end of the course? Coutd you tetl me if I witt get a
6 I wonder if you cou ld . . . ?
certificate from the school when I leave?
'i -i
i':::;i:ar:,ri::::': Study the way commas are used in
Concerning the sports, I am especiatty interested
the email. Then put commas in suitable places in these
in horse riding. I see that I can do this every
sentences.
afternoon, but does the cost include everything? Do
1 lf I came earlier in the summer would the course be I need any of my own equipment? Also, is tennis
cheaper?
avaitab[e in the evening after 7 p.m.?
2 Concerning the evening activities will our teachers
come with us? As I mentioned, I am very interested in coming to
&i. 3 As I mentioned in my last email my level of English Betfast, and I would like to live with a [oca[famity.
É:t is quite good.
&e; However, if I am not happy with the famity, can
4 However I still have problems understanding native
change accommodation?
I

speakers.
I hope you can answer my questions.
: -;:
You are interested in going to New York to do
an English course. Look at the advert on page 139 and I look forward to hearing from you.
write a formal email to the academy, asking some Best wishes
questions about the course, school, etc. Use your
questions from ExerciseT and the email in Exercise B Pepa IVartínez Unamuno (lVliss)
to help you.
 LANCUACE REFERENCE
CRAMMAR
f PREsENT srtulPtE
Use the present simple to talk about facts and things
that are generally true: /t rains a lot in England.
Use the present simple also to talk about regular
actions and habits: We have a beach holiday every year.
I'OR.MATION
With the present simple of the verb be, use am, ls or
are in affirmative statements, questions and negatives.
He is always very friendly.
Are you interested in travelling?
l'm not often here at the weekends.
With the present simple of other verbs, use the verb
on its own in affirmative statements.
They work in the same office as me.
You usually just add -ing to the end of the main verb, E
but note these spelling changes. (afl
o Verbs ending in -e: remove -e and add -ing: live - living -l
r Verbs ending in vowel + most consonants: double the
consonant and add -ing: get - getting, travel travelling
- 2
(but not with vowel + -y: play - playing)
TIME EXPRESSICNS J
You often use time expressions with the present
continuous , e.g. nowt today, currently.
We're staying at a friend's house at the moment.
4
E PR.ESENT SIMPLE AND CONTINUOU§
You use both the present simple and the present 5
continuous with verbs that describe actions (action
verbs), e.g. rain, work, play. 6
The children play with their friends on Saturdays.
The children are playing football now. 7

ffi Remember to add -s to the main verb after he/she/it. Some verbs describe states (state verbs) such as
ffi Pe¿er lives in a really big house. feelings and situations/ e.B. be, want, believe, know, o

Note these spelling changes after he/she/it: understand, /lke. These verbs don't usually have a
. Verbs ending in -s, -sh, -ch, -2, -x or -ot add -es. continuous form.
watches I want a drink. / a drink. x E
. Verbs ending in consonant + -y, change -yfo -ies. Some verbs can be state or action verbs, e-9. think. 1

carries I think this city is beautiful. (= this is my opinion)

¡ The verb have becomes has after he/she/it. l'm thinking about what to wear. (= deciding) 2
The city has a lot of parks. 3

Use do/does to form the negative and questions. KEY LANCUACE

4
We don't live near here. E AGRTETNG AND DtsAcREEn'qG
Does your country have a lot of parks? I agree with you. Mmm, you're right. 3
Present simple short answers use do/does. Yes, you're right. Do you? Don't you? ldo. OK. fror
Yes, it does. / No, it doesn't.
Well, I disagree with you. I disagree. con
No, neither do I.
1
lJse do/does or am/is/are to form questions wilh who,
what, when, where, how, why, which. VOCABU LARY
When does summer start here?
What is your name? M CoUNTRIES AND RECIONS 2
Brazil, Brazilian, Canada, Canadian, China, Chinese,
AI]VERBS AND TIME EXPRESSIONS Chana, Chanaian, Poland, Polish, Saudi Arabia,
You often use adverbs of frequency with the present Saudi (Arabian), Thailand, Thai, New Zealand,
3
simple, e.g. always, often, sometimes, never. The New Zealander
adverb comes after the verb be, but before other verbs. North Americ4 South America, Europe, the Arab World,
It's never really hot in Creenland. East Asia, South-East Asia, West Africa, Australasia
It doesn't often rain in Dubai. 4

You can also use time expressions with the present
simple, e.g. every day, once a week, every year.
The news is on BBCI at six every evening.
r WEATHER ADJECTIVES
bright, clear, cloudy, cold, dark, dry, fine, freezing, hot,
humid, mild, rainy, snowy/ sunny/ warm/ wet, windy J

g PRESENT CoNTINUOUS f MoDTFTERS

extremely, quite, really, very
Use the present continuous to describe an action 6
happening now or around now.
We're having an English lesson at the moment.
f A,DJECTIVES To DEscRTBE PLACIs
crowded, dangerous, interesting, lively, popular,
Use the present continuous also to describe a quiet, scary
changing situation.
The weather in the UK is definitely getting wetter. f ACTrvrrES
scuba diving, horse riding, ice skating,
Form the present continuous with the auxiliary be + mountain biking, sea kayaking, skiing, snorkelling,
the -lng form of the main verb. snowboarding, walking in a strong wind,
l'm trying to finish this exercise. wh ite-water rafti ng, wi Idl ife watch i ng
'ls it raining?' 'Yes, it is.' / 'No, it isn't.'
 "§ put
=rls, f the words in order to make sentences f § Complete the conversation with phrases a-e.
(affirmative or negative) or questions. a Doyou? d OK, fine
'ving 1 to exhibitions / often / go / I lat weekends / . b Don't you? e So do I

the c No, neither do I

'lling
2 hot lin lvery /ir/is /Dubai / A: Let's look at these brochures and find something for
our summer holiday.
3 people/do/when / in / thebeach/your I go / fo / B: '_, but I don't want a beach holiday this year.
couniry /? A: '_.1 think an activity holiday would be good,
for a change.
4 larelinlparks /city /your/therel?.
B: t- but I don't like water sports.
a lot of
A: o_ I do. But there are other sports we can look
at. I like the idea of a horse-riding holiday.
5 taking / like /you / photos / do / ?
B: Yes, that's a good idea. Where can we go horse
)n riding?
6 your/ busy / is I now / cify / right / ?
A: Well, there are holidays here in South America, but I

think that's a long way for two weeks.

7 you / swimming / do / where / go / z.
B: t_ I don't agree - the flights are only about
nine hours to Brazil.
wl o never / the / snows / if I jungle / in / A: Oh, OK then. Let's look at South America.

@ 6a Complete these sentences with the correct

@ 3 choose the correct form. adjective form of the nouns for countries and regions.
1 The weather in the UK changes / is changing 1 March 6 is _ (Chana) lndependence day.
these days. 2 Big (China) cities often have a lot of traffic.
2 Summers get / are getting hotter all the time. 3 The (Arab) language has five main regional
3 We sometimes have / are having heavy rain varieties.
in summer. 4 The (Europe) Union's parliament is in
4 This causes / is causing problems every year. Brussels.
5 There are three countries in the North
3 Look at the answers. Then write the questions (America) Free Trade Agreement.
oK. from these prompts in the present simple or present 6 Kraków is an interesting _ (Poland) city to visit.
continuous. 7 _ (Thailand) beaches are very crowded in
summer.
1 live / city /or / countryside / ?
B Sometimes _ (Canada) winters are extremely
cold.
I live in the city.
2 interested in / photography / ? 6b Mark the stress in each noun and adjective above.
e/ Which four adjectives have a different stress from
Yes, l'm very interested in taking photos. the noun?
3 work hard / at the moment / ?
? Complete these lists with the activities in V5
f
rrld, (You can use the activities more than once.)
Yes, I am, but I always work hardl
4 when / usually / relax / ?
1 You do these on or in water: diving, _,
hot, I usually relax at the weekend. 2 You need animals for these activities: _t
Jy 5 the weather / good / summer I your country / ?
3 You do these activities on snow: _t
Yes, it is, but it rains a lot in winter
. t*l,I'" r:tivities on land:

6 rain / at the moment /

,
?

IIEE S Complete each statement with a modifier in

-
No, it's sunny at the moment! V3 and an adjective so that they are true for you.

4 Write answers for you to the questions in Exercise 3

1 I think horse riding is really relaxing.
2 I think mountain biking is
3 I think scuba diving is _
5 I think wildlife watching is _

103
CRAMMAR KEY LANCUACE E
f PAST sTMPLE: RECI;IAR AND llI AsKlr{ü Asür.JT PEü§}!-§ 1

I§.RE{;ULAR VTRBS What's he/she like? 2

Use the past simple to talk about actions and What does he/she look like? 3
situations that are f inished. What does he/she like? 4
David and I trained for the marathon last year. 5

The past form of the verb be is was or were.

IEil i)[§[ri r Et i ¡{c r-i§c; tilr 6
He seems (honest and shy). 7
We were here last night. She certainly isn't (chatty). ó
I wasn't at the school this morning. He's (hard-working).
With other verbs, you use just the main verb in She's got (short brown hair). 2 (
affirmative past simple statements. Regular past He Iooks like (that actor). the
simple verbs add -ed to the infinitive. She wears (nice clothes). A:
train - trained, watch - watched He likes (watching sport on TV)
He has similar interests to me. D.
The past simple verb does not change, i.e. it is the
A:
same after I, you, he, she, it, we and they. VOCABU LARY
Note these spelling changes:
. Verbs ending in -e, add -d: die - died, live - lived
M pERSoh¡ALrryADjECT¡vrs (1) ANn NouNs D.

brave: bravery
. Verbs ending in consonant + -y, change -y Io -ied: confident: confidence
study * studied, marry - married creative: creativity A:
o Verbs ending in vowel + consonant, double the determined: determination
consonant and add -ed: stop * stopped friendly: friendliness
Many common verbs in the past simple are irregular. happy: happiness 3
hard-working: hard work 1
*,,r'irregular verb list, page 165
kind: kindness
You often say when the action happened, e.g. ln ordinary: ordinariness 2
(+ yearimonth), on (+ day) or at (+ time). sociable: sociability 3
The first modern Olympics were in'1896. NETVOUS: NETVOUSNESS 4
I watched a great documentary on Sunday.
We arrived at two o'clock.
g TIME rxPnr§sroNs AND Pr{RAsrs
5
6
last weekend, on Thursday, the day before yesterday,
a
t:r-1f fXfk[5§lül\S three days ago, yesterday, when he was a child, at the
{r
You often use time expressions with the past simple, age of 16, in the early 1950s, over a period of 40 years
C
e.g. ago, last night (week/month/year), yesterday.
We moved to this house two years ago. f PERsoN,qLITY ADJrcrvES {2) d
e
chatty, cheerful, clever, confident, horrible, lazy,
E pAsr sf&,*LE: N[c,ATrvEs, euilsroi.i roatus§ miserable, nice, polite, quiet, rude, shy, stupid, i
Ahi i]
§r-¡ü*T AN§}Vr§S unfriendly
Use did to form past simple negatives and questions. KI
She didn't give up hope. E LrNKrRs que!
Did she paint every day? afterwards, at first, at the moment, then, until 1\
Past simple short answers use dld.
2\
Yes, she did. / No, she didn't.
3\
a
QUESTiülJ WüñD-s b
Use who to ask about people. C

Who came to class yesterday? d

Who did you speak to? e

Use what to ask about things. i

What did you do yesterday? g
h
Use when to ask about time. I

When did you start English classes?

Use where to ask about places.
Where did you go yesterday?
 @ 'l Correct the mistakes in these sentences. E '.,' Match the parts of the words in A and B to
1 My mother leaved school when she was 14. make adjectives. (Two of the parts in B are used twice.)
2 Did she started a new job last year? A
3 When did you born?
4 Last weekend, my brother marryed his girlfriend 1 €reat 2 friend 3 hard 4 confi 5 determin
5 We did not had a lot of money last year. 6 soci 7 talent 8 ordin 9 miser l0 cheer
6 'Did they have a good holiday?' 'Yes, they had.'
7 We eated a lot of pasta last night. B

B She went to university at 2006. able dent ful ary ed ive ly working
2 Complete this dialogue with the past simple of 1 area¡rve 6
the verbs. 2
A: Whatl do) you think of the exhibition? 3 I
|2 (think) it was pretty good. 4 9
B: Really? I 3_(nolthink) it was very good at all 5 10
A: So 1,sLr +
not/like) the painting in the first
room? 6 Use the adjectives from Exercise 5 to describe
J B: Oh, OK, yes I s_(like) that one - that's true. these people.
But I 6_(lose) interest after that. But the artist 1 She's always at work very early and leaves late.
7 (have) a really interesting life. 2 He likes designing and making things.
A: Yes, I admire her determination. She B (be) 3 She plays the guitar and she's very good at it.
quite a woman! 4 He loves going to parties and being with people.
5 She works very hard every day because she really
3 Match the two parts of the sentences. wants to succeed.
'l Steve Ditko and Stan Lee created Spider-Man 6 He is often huppy and makes people smile.
about b
2 I arrived in London last g 7 Complete these sentences with your
3 We had an art class every week experiences.
4 The class went to the manga exhibition on 1 Last weekend, I

5 We had dinner at a Mexican restaurant 2 Three days ago, we

6 I visited Paris 3 At the age of 16, I
)ay,
the
a Wednesday. lt was good. 4 When I was a child, we
ars @ g
c last weekend. I had tacos. S Choose the correct word or phrase.
d three years ago. I loved the city. I'm at university, in my second year, and 1 then /
e at my high school. I didn't enjoy it. atthe moment I'm doing film studies. I started it last year
f year. My English is a lot better now. and,2 at first / until,l hated it! I thought about changing
my course, but my tutor asked me to wait 3 afterwards /
E 4 tvtatch three answers from a-iwith each untilthe end of the first year. I decided to follow his
question. advice, so I waited, andathen / atthe moment in May,
1 What's your friend Iike? I took the exams. s At first / Afterwards, I looked back at
2 What does your friend look like? the year and decided it wasn't really bad, so I decided to
3 What does your friend like? continue with the course. Now I'm really enjoying it.
a She's short and she's got black hair.
b He loves mountain biking.
c She seems really shy, but she isn't.
d Just sitting around and watching TV.
e He looks like my brother.
f He's very kind and patient.
g He's quite good-looking.
h Well, she certainly isn't stupid!
i She likes cooking and eating good food.
 LANCUACE REFERENCE
CRAMMAR Use relative pronouns to Iink pieces of information
about a person or thing.
E
E r¿sr c&i.'mh';u$us Marie Curie was a scientLst. She discovered radium. =
cor
Usr
Use the past continuous to talk about actions in
Marie Curie was the scientist who discovered radium.
progress at a time in the past. 1

He was working at the university in the 1960s. The information after the relative pronoun often
defines the subject.
Form the past continuous with the past form of
A search engine is a programme that finds
be + the -ingform of the main verb. 2
information.
A newsreader is a person who presents the news on
3
the TV or radio.
+ l/He/She/lt was
Do not repeat the subject after a relative pronoun
YouANe/Th were The pronoun is the subject. 1
wor king Bill Cates is the man who started h,4icrosoft. /
l/He/She/lt wasn't (was not)
Bill Cates is the man who he started Microsoft. x
5
YouA//e/They weren't (were not)
KEY LANCUACE

, Vhe/she/it
IKf MAKI r§{, succ rsrlüi*s
6

Let's / Let's not (interview them about politics).

working?
Were you/we/they We should (have a live band on the programme)
Why don't we (invite some politicians)? E
sim
We were travelling to Mexico. What about (interviewing rich people)?
We weren't travelling to the United States. What about (something on animals)? 1

Were you travelling by car? What else shall we (do)?

Yes, we were. / No, we weren't. Any ideas? 2

Anything else?
TIME EXPRESSIONS 3
You often use time expressions with the past
continuous, e.g. then, in + year (in 20'12), aú + time
VOCABULARY
4
(at 9.00), at that time. f THr MID¡A
We were living in New York in 20'12. nouns: advert, article, blog, celebrity, channel , drama,
5
email, front page, headline, homepage, journalist,
E p.qsr sr§4plr A¡*D rAsr c*F.{T'r'tuüus presenter, programme, social networking site, spam,
6
Use the past simple for a finished action or series of video
actions in the past. verbs: Iike/respect, listen to, read, upload, use / go on,
The doorbell rang, so I put down my book and
answered the door.
watch, write E
con
To talk about an action in progress when another f h;Amrs r**. rr<:rlr Ah'D rr[Lils
art, artist, blogging, blogger, journalism, journalist, 1
shorter action happened, use the past continuous 2
for the action in progress. Use the past simple for photographer, photography, politician, politics, l
J
psychol ogi st, psychology, re porti n g, reporter,
the short action. This action can interrupt or stop the -+

longer action. science, scientist

5
I was reading my book when the doorbell rang.
f Tv I)ñ*e;r{ALr&t:S 6

Notice the difference between these two sentences. chat show, cookery programme, current affairs a
He was speaking when the phone rang. (= He was programme, drama, game show, lifestyle show, b
speaking. Then the phone rang.) magazine show, news show, quiz show, talent show, C

He spoke when the phone rang. (= The phone rang. wildlife documentary d
Then he spoke.) e
;
E RsLAT¡vr rmorsouNs -
Use which and that to refer to things or ideas. 4 (
It's the programme which/that stars Katie Holmes.
1

Use wáo and that to refer to people. 2

She's the actress wholthat married Tom Cruise. J

4
Use where to refer to places.
5
YouTube is a website where you can upload video
clips.
)n
f !
Complete the questions in the past lll 5 Complete the suggestions below from the
continuous. Then write true answers for you. prompts.
,l
-
Use full sentences if you can.
um.
1 Were you -qenclln8 (send) texts in the class?
/ r.rra-s. I rva-s lalking to ntY tnLlff.,- stoke eISure I
Ye.s,
No, I wasn't. I was /rstenlng to the teacñer. centre
2 _you _(sleep) at 'l 1 o'clock last night?

)n
3 What you _(do)at eight o'clock
yesterday evening?
ru n.
4 you _(study) English this time last year?

5 What else _ you (study) then?

1 Why don't we have / pizza)2.
6 Where you _(live)ten years ago? 2 Let's _(try / vegetarian pizza).
3 We should _(go / Monday).
4 Why don't we _(go / leisure centre)?
@ ? Complete these sentences with the past 5 What about _(go / swimming)?
simple or past continuous of the verbs. 6 We should _(join / this month).
1 A journalist from Russia Today _(stop) me for 7 Let's not _(do / aerobics).
an interview while I _(shop).
2 I _(have) dinner last night when the phone f *r choose the correct words.
_(ring). 1 My sister works for a TV programme / station.
3 When we _(walk) home from work, we 2 l'm interested in international affairs, so I like
and some shoPPing . newspapers with serious adverts / articles.
4 _(run) in the marathon when she
Sarah 3 This magazine has a lot of information about
_(fall) and _(break) her arm. celebrities / producers.
lma/
l_(meet) my-(do)
5 -(stoP) husband while l_(ski) in the 4 I like a good story, so I prefer to watch
Pyrenees. documentaries / dramas.
1ffi,
6 He _(write) a book while he _(recover) 5 Her last job was as a presenter / journalist on a
from an accident. reality TV show.
) On/ 6 The children love animals, so they watch lots of
E .i
Match the two parts of the sentences. Then nature / current affairs programmes.
complete them with who/that, which/that or where.
1 A documentary is a programme vvhich/that i M ? Complete these definitions with words
lr.
2 A producer is a person from V2.
3 A search engine is a computer program 1 A is someone who does experiments to
4 A sitcom is a comedy series _ understand the world.
5 A celebrity is a person 2 is the study of the mind and behaviour.
6 A social networking site is a website 3 _ A is someone who works in parliament.
a continues a story each week. 4 _ is taking pictures with a camera.
b allows you to share personal news. 5 An is someone that paints pictures or
c is famous for appearing on TV, e.g. a presenter. makes sculptures.
d makes programmes. 6 _ is finding out about the news and presenting
e looks for information on the internet. it in newspapers or on TV.

4 Correct the mistakes in these sentences.

1 That's the woman which bought my car.
2 Richard Branson is the person who he started Virgin
3 lt's a word who means 'powerful'.
4 I bought a newspaper that it had the whole story.
5 lt was on the programme what follows the news.

107
 LANCUACE REFERTNCE

CRAMMAR E ARTTcLEs E : -it

Use a/an with a singular noun to mention something l-
Eil PRESENT PERFECT
for the first time: He works for a medical company.
You use the present perfect to talk about experiences
in the past. You usually don't say when you had the Use a/an also to talk about a person's job.
experience. He's a doctor.
They've built a new clinic.
Use an, not a, when the noun begins with a vowel
Form the present perfect with have + the past sound (a, e, i, o, u): an artlsf. But note that some
participle of the main verb. words that begin with the letter h take an and you do and I
not say the h; an hour. they
(+
Use no article with plural nouns/ when they refer to and r

+ I/YouA//e/They 've (have) people or things in general. clinir

Medical dramas are exciting. allor
He/She/lt 's (has)
villa¡
worked. Use the with a singular noun to talk about a specific
l/YouA//e/They haven't a lot
(have not) person or thing, or one you already know about.
and
The local newspaper doesn't have much news.
He/She/lt hasn't (has not) (= There's only one local newspaper.)
Put the flowers on the table. ¡= We know which table.) E
1
Use fhe with plural nouns to refer to particular or 2
Have l/we/you/they
(ever) worked? known people or things. 3
Has he/she/it I love the photos on this page. (= specific photos)
The people atthe party were all very friendly. 4
Regular past participles are the same as the past (= We know which people.) 5
simple form of the verb, i.e. add -ed to the infinitive.
l've visited a lot of countries. FIRST AND SECOND MENTION
Use a/an (with singular nouns) and no article (with 6
She hasn't recovered from her illness.
plural nouns) to talk about something for the first time. 7
Has the surgeon finished the operation?
He works for a medical company. I
Present perfect short answers use have/haven't. He creates health reports.
Yes, I have. / No, lhaven't.
Use the when you mention the noun again. G3
You often use questions in the present perfect with Medical dramas are exciting. artic
Have you ever ... ? to ask about experiences. The medical dramas are often on Channel 6.
1
Have you ever been to Africa?
Many common verbs are irregular. KEY LANCUACE 2
be - was/were - been, go - went - gone, f crvrNc ADVrcr AND RTASoNS
write - wrote - written, drive - drove - driven You should (go to the optician's). 3
I You shouldn't (drink coffee at night).
irregular verb list, page 165
(You should eat garlic) because it fights colds.
(You should do exercise) in order to lose weight.
@ PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE
(You should eat a Iot of fruit) to stay healthy.
You use the present perfect when you do not give 4
(or do not know) the exact time you did something.
You use the past simple when you give (or know) the VOCABU LARY :)
exact time you did something. III HEALTH AND wELLBTING 6
He's travelled to a lot of different countries. cl i n ic, dentist, depression, d isease, doctor,
ln 20'10, he travelled around the world. healthcare, health insurance, heart disease,
Use the present perfect to talk about finished high blood pressure, hospital, illness, injury,
actions or situations in an unfinished period of time. insomnia, Iack of motivation, local doctor, medicine, 1c
Common adverbs with this use of the present perfect minor illness, nLrrse, operation, optician, 1

are today, this week/month/year, so far.
The surgeon has done four operations so far today.
(= the operations are finished but the time period *
today - isn't.)
When the time period is finished, you use the past
simple.
The surgeon did four operations yesterday.
poor concentration, poor memory, prevent,
private hospital, serious illness, state hospital,
su rgeon/ su rgery/ treatment/ vacci nation 2
f FooD AND NUTRTToN
carbohydrates, junk food, nuts, salmon, vitamins
r REPORTING VERBS 3
feel, think, recommend, reveal, say/ show, state/
suggest
 EI i Complete the text below with the present llil -.:, Complete the advice for these problems.
ing perfect of the verbs in the box. Use should/shouldn't and a way of giving a reason.

be (x2) employ not finish go save start 'l've had about three colds this winter - l'm getting
teach train not visit really fed up with it!'
Our medical organisation came to Bangladesh three
years ago and I 1_ here since the beginning. We
1 You sl;r¡L¡ld take vitamin C to keep your immune
system healthy.
rdo '_ about B0 men and women to become nurses,
t_ 2 You close all the windows you need
and they to different parts of the country so that
they can help people. We a a number of doctors
fresh air.

to and managers, too, and together they s_ smaller

clinics in other parts of the country. We certainly 6 'l'm studying and I also do a part-time job in a
restaurant. I get up really early to study, but I don't go
all our work here. There are a lot of small towns and
u_ to bed until about one in the morning. I always feel
e'_,
villages that we but I'm sure we
fic a lot of lives. lt a wonderful experience so far,
really tired.'
and itlo_ me a lot of new things!
3 You work so late _ you need your
sleep.
ble.)
E 2 choose the correct form.
4 You speak to your tutors they
1 I visited / have visited a lot of countries in Asia. understand your problem.
2 Last year, I went / have been to China.
3 The government built / has built ten new hospitals in 'l sit at my desk for hours every day. Now I find that
the last five years. my back hurts nearly allthe time.'
4 Did you ever go / Have you ever been to the USA?
5 My mother phoned / has phoned me every week 5 You stay in the same position at your desk
when I worked in London. your body needs to move.
h
6 Jake didn't see / hasn't seen me yesterday. 6 You get up and stretch every 20 minutes
ime. 7 I didn't finish / haven't finished my essay last night. reduce the tension in your back.
B I wrote / have written about 5,000 words of the
essay so far. 5b Can you think of another piece of advice for
each person?
E 3 Complete the sentences with a/an, the or no
article (write o).
1 Malaria is _ dangerous disease in many parts
of _ world.
2 Médecins Sans Frontiéres (MSF) means '_
Doctors Without Borders'.
3 My sister's nutritionist. She works at _
hospital in _ north of England. My brother
¡@ 6 rind the following people, places or health
problems from V1 and V2.
works in same hospital, but he's _
accou ntant.
'l a person who performs operations
4 _children in this medical centre are all very 2 a problem wilh sleeping
brave. 3 the place where you usually see your doctor
5 _ local hospital has lots of _ patients. 4 the person who looks after your teeth
6 There's really good video on YouTube. 5 a physical problem, often the result of an accident
It's about Argentinian healthcare charity. 6 when you feel sad all the time
Here's link to it. 7 a medical building where you stay and pay for your
treatment
ne, 4 Choose the correct meaning a or b, for each sentence. B when you don't want to do anything
1 Jason was feeling ill. He's at the doctor's now. 9 when you can't remember things very well
a We know which doctor's.
b We don't know which doctor's.
2 I liked that hospital. The doctors and nurses were
excellent.
a l'm talking about all doctors and nurses.
b l'm talking about particular doctors and nurses.
3 Pam works for a clinic in Atlanta.
a The listener knows which clinic.
b The listener doesn't know which clinic.
 LANGUACE REFERENCE
CRAMMAR lil EXFR[ssrüris üF er]A]'¡TrrY
Use a lot of , many and much to talk about large
E
f ilüto4rl¿*rs{:Ns
quantities and amounts. You use manywith countable
corr
1
Comparative and superlative adjectives plural nouns and much with uncountable nouns. 2
Use comparative and superlative adjectives to make Many animals are in danger because there isn't a
J
comparisons between people or things. Comparative much food for them.
adjectives compare one person/thing with another.
The Apennine Mountains in ltaly are quite high. You use a lot of wifh both cou ntable and I
The Carpathians in Romania are higher. uncountable nouns.
A lot of animals are in danger because there isn't 5
You usually make comparisons wifh than. a lot of food for them. 6
The Carpathians are higher than the Apennines.
i§ lt is quite formal to use many in affirmative
perlative adjectives com pare one person/thi n g
Su

with several other people/things (more than two).

S sentences. ln informal English, you use a lot of . 2v
#, / have a lot of squirrels in my garden. sent
Use the before the superlative adjective.
The Alps are the highest mountains in Europe. You use manyin affirmative and negative statements, 1
but you only use much in negative statements. i

Note the different ways of forming the comparative There are many grey squirrels in the UK, butthere
and superlative adjectives. aren't many red squirrels now.
There isn't much damage to the environment here.
Use few and little in affirmative statements to talk 2
one-syllable cheap .cheaper ;cheapest about small quantities and amounts. They mean 'not
adjectives many / not much'. Use few with countable plural
. ending in -e strange stranger strangest nouns and little with uncountable nouns.
. ending in -y dry drier driest There are few tigers in the world.
. ending in flat flatter flattest There's little hope for some animals. J
vowel +
consonant You do not usually use few and little with questions and
negative statements. You use not many / not much.
most two- peacefu I more most We haven't got many trees in the garden.
syllable peaceful peaceful ls there much rain in the desert?
adjectives
. ending in -y pretty prettier prettiest KEY LANCUACE
. ending narrow narrower narrowest the
in -ow E JUsr¡rYrNü ciJürcr§ 1
. This one is (clearer/more dramatic).
ending clever cleverer cleverest
In the (first) photograph, some people are watching
in -er 2
In the (foreground), you can see ...
adjectives of popu lar more most There are (a lot of people) in the background.
3
three or more popu lar popular On the (righ| of the picture, (someone is walking ...)
syllables mysterious more most They look (very professional).
4
mysterious I Iike the way this one ...
"TIrt*ig:::. I think this is better because ...
irregu lar good better best 5
It makes you feel (sad) ...
adjectives bad worSe worst
I think we should use this one because ...
far farther/ farthest/ 6
fu rther furthest
VOCABULARY
gAs... As M LANDSCAFEs
nouns: beach, cliff, coast, forest, hill, island, lagoon,
Adding as ... as to adjectives allows you to compare
lake, mountain, peak, river, rock, sand, sea, wave sent
similar features; it doesn't matter how many syllables
the adjective has. adjectives; beautiful, calm, cheap, deep, exciting, 1

Rome is as beautiful as Paris. (: Rome and Paris high, impressive, interesting, long, magical, peaceful,
are beautiful.) pleasant, popular, romantic, sandy, steep, strange, 2
tropical, warm, wild
Adding not as ... as to an adjective is another way
3
of comparing two things. Use not as... as with all g wonDs THATARE NoLJr.ls ANn l/ERss
adjectives. cause/ change, control, damage, harm, hope, plant, 4
The Atlantic Ocean is not as calm as the Mediterranean shop, stop
This lake isn't as big as the first lake we saw.
r CüNTRAST
5
6
but, in contrast, whereas
 f t Complete these sentences with the l§I § Complete the conversation below with a-f.
comparative or superlative form of the adjectives. a the way this one
able 1 Samira is _(clever) girl in the class. b creates the wrong impression
2 Paris is _(romantic) Sydney. c It looks
3 The Canary lslands are _(tropical) other places d this one is better because
in Spain. e It makes me feel
4 The _(good) way to see the countryside is to f one is
go trekking. A: Which photo do you think we should choose?
5 The pollution in Bangkok is _(bad) in London. B: Well, this '_ powerful, but I don't think it has
6 I think Moscow is _(expensive) city in the the right message.
world at the moment. A: So do you think it 2_, then?
B: Yes, I think so. I think 3 | think our message is
2 Write a) a comparative and b) a superlative clearer here.
sentence about each set of figures. A: Really? o_very unusual to me. s_ sad.
l nts, 'l Lewis 17Scm / Kevin 1 85cm / Jason 1 66cm (tall) B: Yes, trut that's a good thing in this case. ln fact, I like
a Jason / Lewis
u_ makes you feel unhappy. lt means people
e Lewis is taller than lason. will remember it for that reason.
b
the tallest boy. 6 Correct the mistakes in these sentences.
2 Lake Erie 19m / Lake Ontario B6m / 1 I can see mountains at the background.
rot Lake Superior 147m (deep) 2 In this photo, a man waits at a bus stop.
a Lake Ontario / Lake Erie 3 On right of the picture, there's a river.
4 The people all talk about something.
b 5 In second photograph, a woman is going into a
3 a Porsche f35,000 / a Hyundai f1 8,000 i shop.
a Smart car f7,O0O (expensive) 6 On the left on the photo, there's a sports car.
and
a aSmartcarlaHyundai 7 lt looks like very fast.
h.

b MZ Circle the odd one out in each group.

1 sea / forest I river I lake
g 3 Rewrite these sentences so that they mean 2 beach / coast / hill / sand
the same. Use (not) as ... as. 3 lagoon / lake / river / rock
1 Nottingham is more dangerous than Oxford 4 mountain / hill/ wave / coast
Oxford is
r8
2 London and New York are expensive. * Use the words in V2 to complete these
New York is questions. Change the form if necessary.

..)
3 AII the other lakes are more impressive than this one 1 What problems does the world face? What are the
This lake is of these problems?
4 Carnac is more mysterious than Stonehenge. 2 What do you to do in the future?
Stonehenge is . 3 Do you have any house Have you got
5 The north of France is flatter than the south. green fingers?
The south 4 In what ways does junk food your health?
6 All the other Creek islands are more popular than 5 Do you have a favourite clothes or music _?.
this one. 6 Where do you for most of your food?
This island is
8b Work with a partner. Ask and answer the
questions above.
)fl, E 4 Cross out the incorrect word in each
sentence.
E S naa commas to these sentences if necessary
1 Many / Much / A lot of animals are in danger of
1 I like the sea but I don't like mountains.
rfu l, extinction.
2 We don't have much / don't have many / have little
2 My sisters all have brown eyes. ln contrast my eyes
are blue.
hope for these animals.
3 There is few / little / not much snow in this part of
3 Red squirrels come from the UK whereas grey
squirrels come from North America.
the country.
rt,
4 We haven't got much / many / a lot of time to save
4 Madrid is very hot in summer but very cold in
winter.
the planet!
5 There's not much / little / few life on this island.
6 There are not many / little / few tigers in the world.
 LANÜUAC§ §{§FEKEhfCE
CRAMMAR E FrRsr coND'TrsruAL @
f wtLL, MtcHTAND A,rAy FoR pREDtcloNS Use the first conditional to talk about the result oÍ.
Use will ('ll), won't (will not), might (not) and may possible future action.
(not) to make predictions, i.e. to say what you think
about the future.
People will retire later in the future. lf I get a better job, we'll have more mone\
They won't have big iamilies.
We might use the internet for a lot more things. lf I don't get a better job, we won't have a holida
It may not be good for business.
Note the formation of the first conditional.
Use contractions '/f won't and mightn't for speaking
and informal English.
We'll live longer in the future because there'll be
better medicine. /f + present simple, will / won't + infinitive
There won't be many serious illnesses. u
lf you go to university, you'll find a good job
But we mightn't find a cure for cancer.
lf you don't go to you won't get a r
You do not use the contracfion mayn't; you use un iversity, qualif ication.
may not instead. I
t mayntt+e at work tomorrow. x You usually put a comma after the lf-clause.
I may not be at work tomorrow. / You can put the main clause first; if you do this,
you don't use a comma.
i
You often use I think / I don't think to introduce a
You'll find a good job iI you go to university.
prediction.
I think there'll be problems with pensions in the
future.
You can also use might and may in the main clause.
Then the action in the main clause is less certain than
E
You often say I don'tthink + wll/ instead of lthink + when you use will.
will not. lf I get a good degree, I might apply to work for
I don't think the government will have the money N4icrosoft. (= l'm not sure about this.)
for pensions.
KEY LANCUACE
You use willwhen you are more certain about the
future. You use might or may when you are less Il¡I sxpREsstrdc üPtNtüNS
ce rta i n.
Personally, Ithink (that) ... What lthink is that ...
I think it's (better if ...) Why not just (turn the TV off)?
Older people will work for longer in the future, and Cr
young adults might start working later.
Ef [xpRESS r Nc AC nEEÁ,,r ÉNrri D isAC REEMI r,{T ih er

ffi Mlght is more common fhan may to make I agree with (him/her). rr ith
ffi predictions, especially in informal English. I understand his/her opinion, but ... -I

Personally, I completely disagree. 2

You usually use wll/when you ask for predictions
That's a good/interesting idea/point, but ... 3
about the future, not might or mayt and you often
4
start with Do you think ...?
Do you think we will live longer in the future?
VOCABULARY
Will people have cars in the future? f rurunr ANALYSIs
What do you think the future will be like? advice, analysis, consumer/ improve, information, a
investor, needs, prediction, profit, retire b
,{i}v¡:t{uS ür: ctRt-A! i\TY
You often use adverbs wifh will/won't for predictions,
to say how certain you are. ln affirmative sentences,
Iil ¿crs
adolescent, child, elderly person, middle-aged
C

A:

you usually put the adverb after will; in negative person/ person in his/her mid-thirties, teenager,
B:
sentences/ you put it before won't. retired person/ young adult
A:
We definitely won't use petrol in the future.
We'll probably use a biological fuel. f NECATTvT ADJECTtv[s
B:
careless, homeless, hopeless, uncomfortable, unkind,
The adverbs definitely and certainly mean you are
unlucky, unusual, useless
very certain; the adverbs probably and posslb/y mean A:
you are less certain. g PoPULATToN
People will certainly have smaller families in the birth rate, childcare, employer, graduate, B:
future, so they probably won't live in big houses. old-fashioned,'responsible, su itable A:
You don't use these adverbs wilh might or
may. f LTNKTRS B:
as, because of, however, so A:
 {t*i}if&g¡;q¡;5

'n Correct the mistakes in these sentences. {i Match the sentence halves.
f f
rfa 1 I think people might to live longer in the future. 1 We need to look at future
2 May people retire later in 20 years' time? 2 They'll need to get an analysis
3 Families might probably get smaller. 3 Marketing companies predict
4 Definitely I will retire when l'm 60. 4 A financial advisor gives advice
:y.
5 The number of students at university will increases. a future trends.
b to business investors.
ay. l1 Rewrite the sentences below without changing the c consumer needs to choose what to produce in the
meaning. Use the words and phrases in the box. next five years.
probably won't might 'll definitely
d of the company to decide if they make an investment
won't 'll probably g 7r¡nd words in v2 for these people.
1 l'm almost sure that we'll get our news only from 'l someone who is over about 60 and doesn't work
the internet. any more
2 a young person between 13 and 19
2 l'm not sure if couples will divorce more 3 someone between about 35 and 60
4 a person over the age of about 20
I
J I don't think humans will go back to the Moon. 5 a very young person
6 an old person (a polite term)
>l 4 l'm 100"/o certain we won't have more leisure time!
f E Complete these sentences with negative
adjectives from V3.
se.
g 3Match the two halves of these sentences. 1 My brother is very _, so he makes a lot of
than 1 lf people live longer, mistakes.
2 We might see the late film tonight 2 His father was very _ and treated him badly.
3 If more students go to university, 3 There are too many _ people living on the
4 If parents don't earn much money, street.
a they won't be able to afford childcare. 4 | never win any competitions - l'm very _.
b they might get more diseases when they're older. 5 lt's a very film - you've never seen anything
c if the children go to bed early. like itl
d they might not all find good jobs when they leave. 6 I can't do this homework. l'm
- at mathsl
off)?
4 Complete these first conditional sentences so that ¡EI S Choose the correct words.
I they are true for you. Then compare your sentences 1 Keira can't go out this evening as / because of she
with a partner. needs to finish her history essay.
1 lf the class finishes a bit early today, ... 2 I don't think Chris is suitable / responsible to be a
2 lf the weather's good at the weekend, ... teacher - he isn't very patient.
3 lf I get a good/better job, ... 3 The advert says they only want employers /
4 lf I earn a lot of money in the future, ... graduates who left university last year.
4 I hate housework, so / however I don't often do it.
@ 5 Complete the conversation with a-f. 5 lt's difficult to find birth rate / childcare in this city
a I agree with d Personally, I think 6 AIana studied very hard, as / so she passed her
b I think it's better e That's a good point, exams.
c I understand her idea, f what I think is that
A: I saw Jo and Steve earlier. They're looking for some
childcare for Amy so that Jo can go back to work.
B: Childcare? '_ if the mother stays at home.
A: Really, Matt! Jo's got a good job. 'z_ that
women need to get back to work.
ki nd B: '_ you - if they need the money, butJo and
Steve don't need the money.
A: Well, a_ it's better when young children can
play with other children in childcare.
B: '_ but maybe for a couple of hours a day ...
A: Mmm. Jo feels that if she finds childcare, she'll have
the choice of working or not, anyway.
B: '_but I think she'll go back to work.
A: Yes, so do l.
113
 LANCUACE REFERENCE
CRAMMAR Remember that the negative of must (mustn't) and E
E oBLrcATroN
have to (don't/doesn't have fo) are very different.
You mustn't use your mobile phone in the cinema.
onic
1
ST,{\i D &{i-lsf,V'f
i'\4 U (: it is not allowed) 2
Use musf to say that it is necessary to do something. You don't have to use your mobile phone - use my
3
You mustswitch your phone off during the lesson. office phone. (= it is not necessary)
4
The negative mustn't means that it is necessary NOT g HAü Ta AND cou¿D
to do something. Must does not have a past form. To talk about 5
We mustn't bring food or drink into the classroom. 6
something that was necessary in the past, use had to.
You mustn't take anything from the crime scene.
The doctors had to operate to save his life.
C
S!-{OTJLD In negative statements, to say that something was not 1
Use should to recommend doing something or not necessary/ use didn't have to.
doing it. We didn't have to pay for the tickets
You should say it again. I don't think he heard.
- they were free. 2
You shouldn't use your phone in a restaurant. Use Dld ... have to ...? to ask if something was
necessary. 3
Must and should are modal verbs. You use modal Did you have to wear a uni{orm to school?
verbs with other verbs to talk about obligation, 4
ability, possibility, efc. Must expresses obligation. Use the modal verb could to talk about ability in
Shou ld expresses recommended actions. the past. 5
I could run fast when I was younger.
A modal verb always comes before an infinitive
without úo. You use couldn't to say that you were not able to do 6
I must phone my mother this evening. something or that it was not possible.
I couldn'tfinish the book - it was really difficult. 7
The forms must and should do not change after We couldn't study astronomy at our university.
he/she/it. B
James mustvisit his family this weekend. Use Could ...1 to ask about ability in the past.
She shouldn't call him again. Could you understand that lecture on physics

Form questions with modalverbs by putting the verb

yesterday?
E
the
before the subject of the question. KEY LANCUACE
What time must we get the bus? 1

(DON',T) t1A\/E TA
IC DEvELonNü AN ARCUMET\¡T
This caused a revolution in knowledge. 2
You can also use have to I has to to say that it is It meant that ideas could spread.
necessary to do something. It led to education for everyone. .l
Forensic scientists have to be very careful in It's connected to the production of books.
their work. ... so people had to Iearn to read. 4
The negative don't have to / doesn't have to means This means that societv is more literate.
that it is NOT necessary to do something.
You don't have to study law to be a scientist. VOCABU LARY 5

ft is possible to use mustfo ask a question, but it is

often better to use Do/Does ... have to ...?
Must I sign the form too?
Do you have to leave now?
Does he have to analyse the evidence?
IvXUST AND HAlir IO
Must and have to have very similar meanings.
They both mean something is necessary.
You usually use rnusf when you believe that
something is important (it is your opinion).
I must get up early tomorrow.
You usually use have fo to talk about rules and laws
(i.e. someone else thinks it is important).
We have to get a visa to visit the United Stares.
f cRrME
analyse, analysis, analyst, burglary, commit, crime, 6
discover, DNA, evidence, fingerprints, investigator,
reveal, scene/ solve (a crime) 7
MSUBJECTs I
astronomy, biology, chemistry, economics, history,
mathematics, medicine, physics
f NouhJS, AD,ECTTvES AND vrRgs wtru
PR.EPO§ITIÜN§
afraid of , belong to, connected to, happen to,
a history of, interested in, lead to, proud of,
receive from, have a (good) relationship with,
separate from, spend (money) on, successful in,
thanks to
 L/ \ I r v l ¡ avrvIavL

and f 3 Complete these sentences about what police g 4 Complete the text below with the phrases
rt. officers have to do, don't have to do and mustn't do. in the box.
t.
1 They have to arrive on time to work every day. causes so This has led This means
)y
2 They be rude to the public.
3 They wear a uniform. We've had a lot of trouble in our town recently. A few
4 They be very careful when they're at a months ago, one of the biggest supermarket companies
crime scene. in the country opened a huge shop in the centre of the
5 They damage the evidence. town. 1 to all kinds of problems: smaller shops
I to.
6 They study science. have closed 2 there isn't a choice of shops any
more, and a lot of people come from villages around the
2 Choose the correct verbs. town to shop at the supermarket. 3 that there are
i not 1 You mustn't / don't have to study law to be a a lot more cars on the road, which o_a lot more
forensic scientist. noise in the town.
free. 2 I should / shouldn't spend some time with my
parents. I haven't seen them for ages. f § Complete these sentences with words
3 We mustn't / have to commit crimes - it's against from V1.
the Iaw. 1 Someone_ acrime.
4 You must / don't haveto turn off your mobile phone 2 _go to the crime scene.
in class so that it doesn't interrupt the Iesson. 3 They take _ from objects at the scene.
5 We mustn't / have to have a passport to travel 4 They collect other and take it all to the
outside the UK. crime lab.
do 6 I should / don't have to join the gym again - my 5 lab
The scientists at the the evidence ...
membership has run out. 6 they
... and information about the criminals.
7 You have to / don't have to check your essays 7 The investigators the crime.
carefully when you've written them.
B We mustn't / don't have to get up early today, as it's g & r¡nd words in V2 for these definitions.
a public holiday. 1 the study of Iiving things
g 2 the study of the past
3 Rewrite these sentences without changing 3 the study of illnesses and injuries
the meaning. Use the correct form of had to or could. 4 the study of the stars and planets
1 Was it necessary to tell the police everything? 5 the study of natural forces, e.g. Iight and movement
Did vou l-¡ave ta tell the e.¡ervthinp I 6 the work of chemicals and how they change and
2 He wasn't able to walk after the accident. combine
7 the science of numbers and shapes
3 Were you able to understand that lecture? B the study of the production and use of money

4 They weren't able to collect all the evidence at g 7 Match the two parts of these sentences.
the scene. 'l I've always been afraid
2 He's studying the history
5 It wasn't necessary to study economics at my school 3 The police are interested
4 They received the report
6 I was able to speak Russian when I was a child 5 The chemistry lab is separate
)f, 6 She's always been successful
7 It was necessary to study Latin at our school
a from the rest of the school.
8 Was it necessary for her to spend all that money
b in talking to a man at the crime scene.
ry, yesterday?
c of flying.
d of the United States.
e in solving difficult crimes.
f from the forensic lab.
 LANCUACE REFTRTNCE
CRAMMAR You can also talk about plans with hope to and would G]
g v[RE P,qrr[R.Fis
like to. These are less certain than going ¿o - you use
them for ambitions and desires.
1

You sometimes put two verbs together. When you do

Sandra would like to leave the bank and find
this, the second verb is often in the infinitive with fo. 2
another job.
I seemed to sleep well last night. J
We hope to buy a new house next year.
Older people tend to need less sleep. 4
Note how you form the questions and negatives of 5
The second verb can also be in the -lng form.
these verbs. 6
Do you like having a doze after lunch?
Would you like to travel round the world? 7
These days, we keep hearing about light pollution.
Do you hope to have children one day?
o
When the first verb is a verb + preposition, the I wouldn't like to work at night. 0
second verb is in the -lng form (because a verb after I hope not to be late tomorrow. y' I
a preposition is always in the -lng form). tdol+@e late tomorrow. r
Have you thought about changing your job? 10

Here are some common verbs that follow these

KEY LANCUACE
patterns. llf ASKrhrü ABüur PRETERENCES
re
What would you prefer to do?
inte
What would you rather do?
the
Ilf EXPREssTNG PR.rFIRENCEs
hope decide keep think about l'd rather (go to the concert). 1
manaSe need enjoy succeed in l'd prefer to (see a film). 2
tend seem suggest look forward to l'm more interested in (the cinema) than (the theatre). a
J
want try talk about l'd Iove to (see the drummers).
I don't fancy (that film / going to the opera). 4
Some verbs can have either an infinitive with to or I don't mind. 5
an -ing form after them, e.g. like, hate, love. When l'm not keen on (concerts).
you use the -lng form with these verbs/ you mean 6
'(not) enjoy'. VOCABULARY
I love skiing.
I hate lying awake all night.
f slrrP 7
o
doze, dream, fall asleep, feel sleepy, good night's
When you use the infinitive with to, you say what sleep, go to sleep, heavy sleeper, insomnia, light
you (don't) prefer. sleeper, nap, nightmares, sleep in, sleep through, 3 V
I like to go to bed early. sleepless, talk in (your) sleep and
I hate to fall asleep in the living room.
g FUT'uftr ¡r.{TE}.¡Trüh¡S
E:css
astronomer, baker, call-centre worker, cleaner,
1

2
3
There are different ways of talking about your plans
for the future. You use the form be going úo when you
have a definite intention to do someth¡ng, i.e. you are
sure that you will do it, but it is not 100% fixed.
engineer, Iorry driver, nurse, office worker, police
officer, security guard, teacher

E -r$i-r¡{c ArJ[crvrs
r
cent

|m going to study astronomy at university. amazed/am azing, bored/bori n g, em barrassed/ fanc

When Liam finishes the night shift, he's going to meet em barrass i n g, excited/exc iti n g, fasci n ated/fasci nati n g,
f rightened/f ri ghten i ng, i nte rested/i nteresti ng, A:
some friends for breakfast.
l'm not going to do a distance-learning course. su rprised/su rprising, tired/tiring B:
A:
E §*crAL ACTrvirES B:
boat trip, café, cinema/ concert/ dancing, dinner, A:
l'n-l firework display, museum/ play, sports event/ theatre
+ He',s/She',s/lt',s B:
Yo u' reAA/e're/Th ey're E r¡,\4r [xrnsssrür{s A:
8o ng to start after some time, at last, at that moment, before long, B:
l'm not finally, in the end, soon, suddenly
- He/She/lt isn't
A:
YouA¡Ve/They aren't
B:
A:
B:
Aml
? ls he/she/it go ng to start
Are you/we/they
 L/\ I ¡\' I I t\/ A\/ I tVL

ruld f 1 Choose the correct form. f § Complete these sentences with words and
use
1 I tend to dream / dreaming a lot when I'm away phrases from V1.
from home. 1 When you're in a deep sleep, you can _ most
2 Karen really enjoys to study / studying literature. noises.
3 You seem to have / having a high temperature. 2 ll's very depressing if you have a completely
4 You should think about to be / being more active. night.
sof 5 I keep to fall / falling asleep after lunch. 3 lt can be very good for you to for half an
6 She wants ¿o get / gett¡ng a ¡ob with a TV company hour after lunch.
7 We're really looking forward to go / going on the 4 lf you can't _ at first, it's a good idea to get up
boat trip. and have a hot drink.
8 What did the doctor suggest to do / doing? 5 I always when I watch TV Iate at night.
9 The children were at a friend's so we managed
to sleep / sleeping in on Sunday. f {r the underlined adjectives are all in the
10 We're talking about to go / going to the new wrong sentences. Correct them.
exhibition. Do you want to come? 1 Playing tennis for three hours is really boredl tiring
2 l'm always very embarrassed after a long meeting.
E 2 Complete Janine's list of hopes, desires and 3 l'm sure that working in a call centre is extremely
intentions for the next year. Look at the key, then use frightening.
the correct form of hope, would like or going to. 4 Forgetting an old friend's birthday is very tking.
./,/./ = intention r'r'= f,ssi¡s /= hope 5 Being alone in a strange town at night can be
1 l'm going to read A Brief History of Time. '/'/./ embarrassing.
2 pass my final exams in June. ,/ 6 Children get frightened when they don't have
rtre) 3 save money for a summer anything to do.
holidav. ,/,/,/ 7 | was tired and didn't want to go to sleep after the
4 spend the summer in France. ././ horror film.
5 watch the tennis at Wimbledon in B I was so boring when I fell over in the street the
June. '/ other day.
6 find a really good job after the
summer. ,/,/ ][ 7 wnich activity in V4 would be good for:
7 be nicer to my little brother. ./,/./ 1 a family who like doing things on water?
B move to a different city. ,/ 2 someone who likes stories and cultural events?
3 a couple who want to be active?
3 Write three sentences about your hopes, desires 4 a teenager who likes pop groups?
and intentions for the future. 5 someone who wants to learn about the past?
1 I hope 6 people who like good food?
2 I would like
3 l'm (not) going to . If [$ Complete the text below with the time
e. expressions in the box.
@ ;$ Complete the conversation below at a job
centre with the words in the box.
after some time at that moment before long
Finally sudden ly
fancy interested mind preier rather In my lastyear at university, lshared a smallflatwith a
ting,
A: So you want a job that you can do at night. friend. One night, I was sleeping when '_ I woke
B: That's right. up, feeling frightened. I didn't know why I was feeling
A: OK, well, there's a job here as a security guard. frightened, but 2_ , I heard a loud crash from the
B: On, no, I don't '_ that. lt sounds dangerous. Iiving room. I waited and waited, and 3_,
A: Right. Something less dangerous ... let's see. What I decided to find out what was happening. I went to the
at re about working in a call centre? living room, but I didn't want to go in, so I stood behind
B: Mmm, no. Boring. the door for ages. o_, I stepped into the room and
A: Well, what kind of job would you 2_ to do? switched the light on. My friend was on the floor,
,n8, B: I don't'_ , really, but l'm more a_ in asleep. I spoke to him and shook him, and, t_,
working outside. he woke up. Then he told me that he often walked in
A: Outside? Do you drive? his sleep and fell over chairs or tables without even
B: Yes, I do. noticing!
A: OK... lorry driver?
B: Well ... I think l'd s drive a car ...

117
 LANCUACE REFERENCE
CRAMMAR You often use the passive when the agent is
unknown or when it is unnecessary (because it is
E
f usEDro obvious).
The
fon
Use used to + infinitive to talk about habits and states
The gold is brought to Europe. (= We don't know
that happened in the past, and which usually do not Wh
the agent.)
happen now. con
Silver is used in jewellery a lot too. (= The agent is
We used to have long lunch breaks, but now we have ¡t af
obvious.)
short breaks. The
I used to enjoy working here, but I don't now. Form the passive with the auxiliary verb be + past edu
participle. lw¿
There is no present form of used to.
We
I ase-e work late every day in this job. *
I I work late every day in this job. / onll
prol
You can always use the past simple instead of used hel¡
am
to, but you do not use used to for single past actions 1
(i.e. that happened only once). He/She/lt is 2
I travelled to China for work once. / 3
YouA//e/They are
I ased-te+ravel to China for work once. * employed 4
I used to travel to China for work. (= a lot of times) | ' m not (am not) 5
Form the negative and questions w¡th did. He/She/lt isn't (is not)
2t
YouA//e/They aren't (are not) Find
,|

2
+ used to ? ls he/she/it employed?
llyou/he/ work. ¡'-* 3
she/iü didn't (did not) use to Are you/we/they 4)
we/they
? Di d use to work?
5
KEY LANCUACE 6
Note the spelling use to in negatives and
questions.
f MAKTNG oFFERs AND PRoPosALS 7

We didn't use to have many employees then

That seems a bit/rather (high/low). I
l'm not sure we can (pay that much / go that low).
Did you use to have a big office?
Form short answers with did.
How about ($100 each)?
lf you (order 1,000), we can (offer 15%).
E
1
Yes, we did. / No, we didn't. What about if we (order 750)? I
That sounds fine. t
Do not confuse the past simple and past participle
Shallwe call it ($87)? 2 (
of the verb use with used fo.
(
We used to spend our summer holidays by the sea.
(= used to) VOCABULARY l
I used the phone while you were out. (= past simple f woRK 3 \
of use) colleague, department, employee, industry, long
service, lunch break, market leader, promotion, 4 I
E PRESENT SIMPLE PASSIvE report, staff, training course/ work as a team I
You often use the passive when you want to focus
on the object of an active sentence. You do this by f coMPouND NouNS 4Lt
putting the object at the beginning of the sentence. outer space, special appearance, pocket calculators, the ¿

A lot of jewellery is made from gold. washing machines, recordable CDs, credit cards, 1¿
spacecraft, space shuttle, electronic equipment, gold t
The subject of an active sentence becomes the agent
wires, human hair, glass makers, public buildings
of the passive sentence/ and you use by to introduce it. 2a
active E TMPoRT-EXPoRT
nouns: abroad, bargain, brand, buyer, delivery,
subject object
discount, exports, imports, lower price,
+ man ufactu re rs, market, o rde rs, price, q uantity, 3 a
'these
Children in lndia make clothes the general public, retailers, sales, supply t
passive verbs: bargain, export, import, offer, order, supply
subject agent
+ t r SEQUENCING PHRASES
after (five) to (six) days, following that, Iastly, next,
7h"*;t"tt.rer- are made by children in tndia. to begin with
 l-l\ I tv r ¡ tv l\r a lv¡- G

f 1 Read this short text about a company. IC É Put these words in the correct order,
Then complete the sentences below with the correct 1 interested / our / of / you / which / in / are /
form of used to. products / ?

When I was younger, I worked for a really good

company for a few weeks a year. I wanted to work for 2 price / is / per /what / unit I the / ?.

it after I left university, but it closed a few years ago.

The brusiness was importing books from the USA - only 3 expensive /that /quite / sounds /
educational books. I worked there in the holidays when
I was at college, so the books were very useful for me. 4 canlunits/discount / you I 2,000 / I order / a / me/
We could take copies of any book we wanted, but I if / offer /?
only took about three or four while I was there. The only
problem was that the money wasn't very good, but it 5 can'f / I / for / l'm / units / afraid / 2,000 /
helped to get me through my studiesl
1 The writer _ work for an import company. 6 about/ how / if / 3,000 / units / order/ you I ?.

2 lf_ import books from Europe.

3 It_ import educational books. 7 deal /that's / a I !

ryed. 4 _
The writer take lots of books.
5 The money be very good.
Im & find words in V1 and V3 for these
2 There are mistakes in six of these sentences. definitions.
Find the mistakes and correct them. 1 the person who makes the products
1 We used to work very late, but we don't now. 2 the people that you work with
2 The company use to pay very good money. 3 one person who works for a company
>yed?
3 I didn't used to work very hard. 4 the person who sells the products
4 I used to go on a long business trip to Korea last 5 the person who finds the products for a shop to sell
year.
5 I also went to Hong Kong several times.
tl[nn 7 Complete this puzzle with the first part of
6 Did you used to travel a lot on business? the compound nouns below,
7 We used have longer holidays than we do now.
B 'Did you use to work harder?' 'Yes, we used.'
2

E ;$ choose the correct form.

1 Thls company ¡mports / is imported diamonds.
Most of the diamonds import / are imported from
the Netherlands.
2 One of the shops in the village sells / is sold lovely
chocolates. The chocolates make / are made by
hand.
3 We can book / is booked hotels and flights for you
All the booking does / is done online.
4 The offices clean / are cleaned every evening. Across Down
The cleaners come / are come at eight o'clock. 3 shuttle 1 hair
4 calculator 2 leader
4 Look at these pairs of sentences. Which is better, 5 service 5 break
fS, the a) active or b) passive version? 6 COU TSC 7 wires
1 a Mum makes dinner for the family every evening.
old b Dinner is made for the family every evening. M E Choose the correct phrase.
2 a Oil is very important. Dead plants and animals It's easy to make your own paper. 1To begin with /
make it. Lastly, take some ordinary paper and tear it into small
b Oil is very important, lt is made from dead plants pieces. Put it in water until it is soft. 2Following this /
and animals. To begin with, change the water and mix the paper and
water in a food processor until the mixture is thick (the
3 a The cleaners don't clean the office on Sundays.
/
pulp).3lastly Next, putthe pulp in a bowlwith more
b The office isn't cleaned on Sundays.
clean water and mlx it well. Put the mixture on a square
mould, Iike a shallow box, and add any 'personal'
decorations to your paper, e.g. leaves. Put heavy books
on top of the mould . aAfter Next about 30 minutes, /
/
take the books off. sLastly Next, put the paper in a
warm place until it is completely dry.

119
 I At\rt "¡ tal "r KrFtsKFr\tl F

CRAMMAR KEY LANCUACE Gil

f pR[§m.]T cüNT¡h¡il*us rc:R FUTiJR.E K ürv¡Ne [xAMpLE§
ARRANüTMEN?5 For example/instance, ...
You can use the present continuous to talk about the Another example is the...
f utu re. ... as well as ...
What are you doing on Friday evening? A good example of ...
We're having dinner with my husband's boss. It's just a few minutes from the centre.
We aren't meeting him until nine.
.* irregular verb list, page 165
VOCABULARY
When you use the present continuous for the future,
f p[üPLr Ah'Jü üRüANrsATrüN§
ambassador, assistant, civil servant, committee,
you are certain that the action will happen. department, head of department, minister, president.
The taxi's coming at six o'clock. (= We've booked representative, spokesperson, staff
the taxi.)
The minister is giving a speech tomorrow morning. g n¡trrAl AD\rAF*cüs
(= lt's organised.) adjectives: digital, easy-to-use, portable, powerful,
You often use the present continuous when you trendsetter
have made arrangements, so you usually give a time nouns: competition, digital advances, fault, mobile
or mention other people. electron ic devices, on i ne, prod uct lau nches,
I

l'm meeting Melanie atthe theatre this evening. smartphone, slogan, software, tablet
There is very Iittle difference between the present verbs: launch, improve, present, register, release,
continuous and going to. set up, store
l'm having a tennis lesson tomorrow afternoon.
We're going to spend the weekend by the sea.
f Aü,ECT¡\IE§
comf o rtabl e, com prehe n s ive, easy, electrifyi n g,
fantastic, high-speed, magical, magnificent,
E PAsr ss§4pril pAs§lvt:
memorable, modern, qu ick, spacious, spectacu lar,
You use the passive when you want to focus on the
object of an active sentence. world-class
l

"''r prese nt simple passive, page 118 E lrFiKER§

although, on the other hand, therefore D
You often use the past simple passive to talk about
lhe history ol something.
The first car was designed in Cermany, but the first t:
car for the general public was made in the USA. c ro:
The important information is what happened, not 1

who did the action. lf you want to mention the agent, 2

you use by. 3
The Sony Walkman was produced in lapan. ltwas -1

invented by Akio Moilta

5
You often use the passive when the agent is not
6
known, not important or obvious.
The book wasn't published on time.
The new lames Bond iilm was released last month.
The new Microsoft software was launched in May.
3 witl
Form the past simple passive wifh was/were + past
participle. Sec
fi rst
'When was the first Harry Potter book published?'
'ltwas published in 1997.'
'Was the new car a success?' 'l"lo, it wasn't liked
Sin
by the public at all.' wil
wl-
2

pe,:
Sec
cer
6
 f ; Write present continuous sentences
these prompts.
'l minister /fly / Ceneva tomorrow / .
2 you / stay / at / Hilton Hotel / this week /
3 I i give / talk /on education this afternoon / .
4 situation / get / worse l'
5 they / not / build / new stadium / next year's Olympics
ent,
6 the president / come / to / conference I
2 Now decide whether the sentences in Exercise
refer to the future (F) or the present (P).
e
E 3 Complete these sentences with the past
simple active or passive of the verbs.
1 The internet company lastminute.com _(set
in 1997.
2 lt _(start) by two business partners: Martha
Lane Fox and Brent Hoberman.
3 The company by finding last-minute
holidays for people.
4 But it soon _(move) into finding hotels, theatre
-(begin)
tickets and even restaurants for people.
5 Martha Lane Fox _(leave) the company at the
end of 2003.
6 Lastminute.com _(sell) to Travelocity, another
internet travel company, in 2005.
'":& Is the agent necessary in these sentences? If not,
cross it out.
1 The company was started in 1999 byrtsJ€üfld€rs.
2 Microsoft Vista was launched in 2007 by Microsoft.
3 'Cuernica'was painted by Picasso.
4 The name of the new Secretary General was
announced yesterday by the present Secretary Ceneral
5 The story was published by a popular newspaper.
6 The new building was finished in time for the
conference by bui lders.
3f S Complete the short presentation below
with the phrases in the box.
Secondly A good example of this such
first of all For instance For example
'We are here to represent the government and people of
Singapore. The special ambition for our city is that we
will be the next host for the Climate Change conference.
Why Singapore? Well, t _, we are in a good location.
u_, we are only a few hours' flight from three billion
people. t_, it is a six-hour flight from Beijing or
Seoul to Singapore. o_, we have good conference
centres t_ the Pan-Pacific Singapore Hotel.
u_, we are a hi-tech location. '_ is our 957o
wireless broadband coverage anywhere on the island.'
from M {> which job has each of the new members of
the government got? Match these descriptions (1-6)
with the jobs below (a-f).
1 Marcus Antrim will work for the British government
? in Washington.
2 Ceraldine Smith has the top job in economics.
3 Alistair Frank helps Ceraldine Smith.
4 John Wilson has the most important job in the
department that works with schools and universities.
5 Janet Laurence has a desk jobr, working for John
/ Wilson.
6 Alison MacDonald gives the government's opinions
? to the newspapers.
a Minister of Education
b Civil Servant in Education Department
1
c Head of Finance Department
d Assistant to Head of Finance
e Press spokesperson
f Ambassador
up) E 7 lhe underlined adjectives are all in the
wrong sentences. Correct them.
'l Your report was excellent. lt covered everything and
was really spacious.
2 The French world-class train is much faster than the
British one.
3 l'm sure l'll sleep better in our new bed - it's much
more fantastic than the old one.
4 A capital city needs lots of high-speed hotels these
days.
5 Karen's new apartment is very comprehensive.
6 Thanks for inviting us to your party - we had a
comfortable time.
E ál Complete these sentences with although,
on the other hand or therefore.
1 It was very cold yesterday, it was very sunny.
2 My job is not very challenging. _, I have
decided to find something more suitable.
3 ln some ways, Julian is very pleasant. _, he is
sometimes aggressive.
4 _ my new flat has only two rooms, it's very
spacious.
as Finally
121
 LANCUAGE REFERENCE
CRAMMAR Phrasal verbs can be intransitive or transitive. C
lntransitive verbs, e.g. go up, do not need an object. the
f rREsENT pER.FECTwtrH roRA¡*ü sINCE Prices have been going up.
Use the present perfect to talk about experiences in 1

your life, because'in my life' is an unfinished period Transitive verbs, e.g. give out, throw away, need an
of time. Note the difference between: object. 2
Agatha Christie wrote a lot of crime novels. (She is The man was giving out leaflets in the high street.
dead, so past simple) Don't throw that book away! 3
PD James has written a lot of crime novels. (She is
When a phrasal verb has a noun as the object, you
still alive, so present perfect)
can put the noun after the verb or after the particle.
Heatwaves have become 30 times more common. 4
Supermarkets give out a lot of plastic bags.
Use the present perfect with state verbs (e.g. be, Supermarkets give a lot of plastic bags out.
5
have, know) and for or slnce to talk about situations
When the object is a pronoun, it goes after the verb.
that began in the past and are still continuing.
Can you give these out?
My brother has had high blood pressure for years.
6
lane has known about it since March. KEY LANGUACE
l've been in a bad mood all day!
Use for to give a period of time.
IC CHTCKING AGREEMENT (QUEsTIoN TACS)
2a
That's quite normal, isn't it?
We've had the same English teacher for two years. There are a couple of other problems, aren't there? for
There has been no extreme heat here for several The project solves a problem, doesn't it? 1
years. We haven't seen that before, have we? 2
Use slnce to say when the situation began. You can't get greener than that, can you? 3
l've worked here since June 20'l'l . They could do it unpaid, couldn't they? 4
It hasn't rained since April 2nd. 5
VOCABULARY 6
You often start asking questions about a person's
experiences in the present perfect, but then use r CLIMAIT AND EXTREME wEATHER 2b
another tense to ask for more details. lf the answer is air pollution, climate, climate change, drought,
positive, it is often the past simple. extreme weather, floods, global warming,
Have you ever experienced a tornado? heatwaves, heavy rain, hurricanes, rainfall/ seasons vert
(spring, summer/ autumn, winter; wet, dry, monsoon whe
- Yes, I have.
What was it like? season), temperature, temperatures above 35"C,
th u nderstorms, tornadoes, typhoons Verl
- lt was very scary.
Have you ever been to the US?
r NoUN PHRASES
- No, I haven't. l've wanted to go there for years. a shortage of basic food, part of the emergency Part
Where do you want to go? planning, the causes of global warming, the effects of
- I think the major cities like New York, Washington, climate change, the lack of rain, the result of global
San Francisco first of all. warming, the risk of flooding
1

2
E PHRASAL YERES g coNT¡lrNrRS
Phrasal verbs are combinations of a verb and one bottle, box, can, carton/ jar, packet, pot, tin, tube 3
or two other words, often prepositions. These other
words are called particles. Here are some common E MATERIALS 4
phrasal verbs. aluminium, cardboard, glass, metal, paper, plastic
5
f rocAl ENv¡RoNMENT
com m u nity, comm u n ity projects, derel ict, du mp, 6
CUt down graffiti, green electricity, green spaces, litter,
find out regene ration, ru bbish, ru n-down, scruffy, u nsafe, 7
untidy, urban area, ugly area, wasteland, well-kept,
give back wind farms, wind turbines 8
throw away
.$
I really must cut down my smoking! C
We don't throw any paper away. ;
Phrasal verbs often have a different meaning from 2
the verb on its own. 3
cut down = reduce 4
find out = discover 5
 f t write sentences from these prompts, using IC 5 Uatch these statements (1-8) and question
ct. the present perfect simple and for or since. tags (a-h).
1 Sea levels / continue to rise / many years I . 1 The train's going to leave on time,
-l
Sea levels have cantinued to rise for many years. 2 You can't recycle glass bottles here,
2 Antarctica / lose i four trillion tonnes of ice / 2OO2 I 3 They've rebuilt the community centre,
4 Recycled paper doesn't cost more than ordinary
3 James Lovelock / write about / the environment / paper/
more than 50 years / . 5 They haven't burnt the evidence,
e
6 This isn't the cause of the problem,
4 Environmental issues / be / a concern I the 1960s / 7 Your idea really solves the problem,
B You can get a discount if you return the bottles,
5 Freeman Dyson /argue against /global warming/ a can you?
rb. many years / . b can't you?
c does it?
6 Farming / change dramatically / the 1 940s I d doesn't it?
e have they?
f haven't they?
J,l Complete these sentences so that they are true g is it?
?
for you. h isn't it?
1 l've learnt _ for / since
2 l've known for / since M (r Circle the odd one out.
3 I've studied at this school for / since 1 climate / heavy rain / tornado
4 l've had _ for / since 2 drought / extreme heat / global warming
5 I've had this for / since 3 spring / winter / heatwaves
6 I've worked for / since 4 wet / heavy rainfall / floods
'iii 6e¡1pure your sentences with a partner. 5 thunderstorms / season / hurricanes
6 tornadoes / flood / typhoons
@ .l Complete the sentences below with the
S verbs and particles in the boxes. Change the form f f Match the sentence halves.
,on where necessary. 1 lf it continues to snow,
2 The houses have been built higher
Verbs: carry cut find Bo pick 3 Air pollution is considered to be
throw write 4 The lack of rain is causing
5 As part of the emergency planning,
Particles: away 6 The effects of climate change mean
a _- UP UP
a to reduce the risk of flooding.
1 A lot of thought goes into food packaging. b severe droughts in north-east Africa.
2 They research into global warming at c the school has an extra electricity supply.
the moment. d we will have a shortage of food Iater this year.
3 Supermarkets should the quantity of e that northern Europe will get colder and more
packaging that they use. extreme weather.
4 My friends want to a paper recycling f one of the causes of global warming.
busi ness.
5 Can you _ some information about @ &§ Unjumble the anagrams to make containers
nuclear power for me? and materials.
6 We so much rubbish when we were 1 Soft drinks usually come in MNAIIMLUU SNAC.
younger - now we recycle more. 2 ARJS are usually made of SLASC.
7 _that litter ! We don't want rubbish on 3 REPPA has a lot of uses.
the streets here. 4 We can buy milk in TOTLEBS or CRANOTS.
8 I know I _ your phone number but I 5 A lot of BEXOS are made from DRACDRABO.
can't find it anywhere. 6 l'd like a BUTE of toothpaste.

{ Correct the mistakes in these sentences.

1 Are those your socks on the floor? Pick up them!
2 The price of petrol has been up going recently.
3 Can you give back me that book on recycling?
.t The founders of IBM have up set a new business.
5 Do you away throw old things?
123
 LANCUACE REFERENCE

CRAMMAR Use foo much with uncountable nouns and too many
with countable nouns.
G
@ sECoND coNDrroNAL
l've got too much work at the moment.
1

You use the second conditional to talk about the 2

This company has got too many problems!
result of an action. The action is unreal, i.e. it can't 3
happen or is very unlikely to happen. Use (not) enough with both countable and 4
lf we practised more, we would be better at hockey uncountable nouns. 5
(= We don't practise, so we aren't good at hockey.) We didn't have enough good sportspeople at the 6
lf we had more time, we would practise. last games. a
(: We don't have the time, so we don't practise.) Have you got enough time? b
lf I was rich, l'd buy a sailing boat.
You can also use foo and (not) ... enough with C
(= l'm not rich, so I can't buy a sailing boat.) d
adjectives.
It is also possible to use lf l/he/she were in the Mark doesn't do any sport. He's too lazy. e
second conditional. James will win the race. He's fast enough. f
lf she were younger, she'd become a sports teacher, Cill won't pass the exam. She's not clever enough.
jc
lf I were you, l'd start taking some exercise.
with too and enough
Be careful of the word order verb
You can also use the second conditional to talk about too much / too many / enough + noun: We haven't
Wha
possible future actions/ but the actions are unlikely got enough people for the team.
enoL
to happen. too + adjective: l'm too tired.
What would you do if you won a million dollars? adjective + enough: You aren't quick enough. l'm i

lf I won a million dollars, I wouldn't go to work any we'r

more! KEY LANCUACE enoL
we=
m ANSWERTNC coMPLEx euEsroNs that '
Er, ..., Hmm, OK, Right, Well, ... price
/f + past simple, would / wouldn't + Let me see, ... bette
infinitive without ¿o Let me think, ...
our r
Ithink l'd ...
lf they showed more they'd (would) get more That's a difficult one
enoL
interest. help. That's a tricky question
prolr
that r

lf I didn't get the job, I'd (would) be really To be honest, l'd... we ''
, unhappy. an a(
VOCABU LARY One
[l
I You usuallv Dut a comma after the lf-clause. M sPoRrs
archery, nton,
bad m i ragon-boat
bas ketbal I, cycl i n g, d
an)' I
-l

You can also use might or could in the main clause. racing, fencing, football, gymnastics, hockey, judo, you I
lf they spent more money on sports, we might win polo, sailing, skiing, swimming, table tennis
more medals. g woRDS
LTNKTNC
reE
lf you stayed with me in the summer, we could visit se nt(
although, but, despite, during, however, if, since, so
Athens together. 1!
You can also put the main clause first. lf you do f PERsoNALTTY wPEs 21
this, you don't use a comma. careful, cautious, competitive, individualistic, 3T
They'd spend more money if people showed more non-competitive, risk-seeking, self-suff icient, 4A
interest. sociable, unsociable 5t
6I
E róo AND ENoucH
711
o
Use foo much/many + noun to mean'more than we
need or want'. 8A
We've spent too much money. e
There are too many adverts on TV.

Use enough + noun to mean 'the correct amount'.

l've had enough chocolate cake for now, thank you.
Use not enough + noun to mean 'less/fewer than we
need/want'.
There aren't enough opportunities for women.
(= fewer than we want)
 f I Match the two hatves of the sentences. IC 4 Complete the conversation below with the
1 lf I needed more money for my sport, words and phrases in the box.
2 I would get a lot fitter
l'd a tricky question to be honest think
3 Our players might win more matches
Let me mean
4 If more people were interested in this sport,
5 We would host a dragon-boat festival A: OK, here's a question for you. lmagine you can have
6 What would you do allthe TV sports channels free for six months, or you
a I'd try to get funding from a company. can become a free member of a gym for 12 months.
b it would receive more funding. What would you do?
c if they practised more seriously. B: Hmm, OK, now that's1_l
d if you won a lot of money? A: I know it is. So, TV or gym? What's it going to be?
e if I played more sport. B: Well, I'm not sure. '_see. I love football,
f if we thought enough boats would enter. especially the English Premier League, but, t_,
h. I think o_take the gym membership.
2 Complete this text with the correct form of the A: Really? I u__, those TV sports channels are very
)gh verbs. expensive. Especially the big English games that you
en'i
What 1_ you _(do) if you 2_(not have) like.
enough money to continue your sports club? B: I knowl However, I u_ l'd take the gym
membership instead of the TV sports channels.
I'm in that position now. I run a badminton club, and
we're in danger of closing because we don't have
enough members. lf we 3_(have) more members,
f 5 r¡nd the sports in v1 for these descriptions.
we4_(get) enough money to pay the sports centre 1 lt's played by two teams of 11 people. t:

that we play in. They've put their prices up - if their
prices 5 not be) so high, we 6_(be) in a
better position. If we 7_(not have to) spend all
our money on paying for the club, we B_(have)
enough money to advertise for more members. The other
problem is insurance - we have to have insurance, and
that costs money, too. If we o-(not have) insurance,
welo have to) pay a lot of money if someone had
an accident.
2 This involves a lot of people on a river.
3 This can be played with two or four people. lt's very
fast.
4 This is like a fight between two people, with no
equipment.
5 This is usually done on the sea. You can do it alone
or with other people.
6 You can do this alone or with others. You have to
have bikes.

One way of getting more members would be to accept

any players into the club, but if well_(do) that, we
)oat
o,
''-{get) people who can't play well enough. Can
you give me any advice?
@ 3 There are mistakes in four of these
sentences. Find the mistakes and correct them.
SO
1 We can't get funding enough for our club.
2 There are too much aspects to this problem.
3 They aren't showing enough interest in our idea.
4 Most of our players aren't enough competitive to win
5 I can't play another game. l'm too tired.
6 There are too many adverts for expensive trainers
on TV.
7 lt costs much too money to do this sport.
8 My sports psychologist told me I wasn't risk-seeking
enough.
][ & Complete these sentences.
'l Some women don't like football, but _,
2 Despite the growing number of female fans,
advertisers
3 The number of female football fans is increasing,
so _.
4 Although a record number of female fans watched
the World Cup, _
f 7 Choose the correct adjectives 1-4 in this job
advert for a tennis instructor.
We are looking for the right penion to
teac§r the tennis stars of the future
You will work on your own and be responsible for
all the tennis instruction at the club, so you must be
1
competitive / self-sufficient.
We need a2sociable / risk-seeking person who wil{
spend a lot of time with our young people, both playing
tennis and socially. You will need all your skills to teach
the children to be3competitive / non-competitive in
their matches, You will need to try new ways of
teaching and take risks in this job, so we can't accept
candidates who are too arsk-seeking / cautious.

125
 MEET THE EXPERT
1 HUMAN PLANET 2 PtOPLt A
i, D¡scuss these questions.
'ir
'l What are deserts and jungles? Consider differences qu(
and similarities. yoL
2 What are the interesting or difficult things about 1

living in those places? 2

'.. Match the words in bold with the explanations

below 3

Scientists sometimes 5
go on expeditions
to places such as
jungles and i Discuss these questions.
Xa
deserts. Before the 1 What animation films and TV programmes do you
adr
trip, there is a lot of watch or know?
kit to buy and 2 What comics or illustrated books do you remember X[r
from your childhood? Exer
preparation to do.
Every expedition team ,: ..gwatch the interview with Karen Rubins, §v
includes a medic in case PeoPle a comics artist. ln what order does Karen talk about witt
get ill. This can happen because these new these topics? 1
environments are challenging. 1 Her early interests in comics and art
2 Her stories and her drawing habits 2
3 Osamu Tezuka
'l A nurse or doctor 4 Manga today 3
2 Difficult, and creates problems 5 The first manga artist
3 Things to do before you Bo on a journey 6 Reasons she loves manga 4
4 Equipment, the things you need to take on a
journey .i:.i Match the sentence halves. Which of the topics in 5
5 Trips to other countries to discover new things Exercise 2 are they about?
1 He invented... 6
l: ,Il Watch the interview with James Moore, 2 l've drawn comics in all kinds of different Benres: ...
an expedition medical consultant. Put these topics in 3 You're in the story with the characters ...
the correct order. What images can you remember 4 I like my stories to have something to say ... ,i Tr
from the topic areas? 5 I really loved drawing ... Disc
1 James's personal difficulties with life in the jungle 6 His style is very simple and cartoony ... 1t
2 Life in the Sinai desert a . . . and someth ing to th in k about. r
3 James's work experience and background b ... and feeling what they feel. 21
4 Local people c ... horror, comedy, science fiction, action and (
5 lmportant advice for travellers adventu re. c

6 Differences between the desert and the jungle d ... manga as we know it. J ]\

7 What people Iearn from travelling to extreme e ... yet all his stories have a message. i

environments f ... when I was growing up. r

-i Watch the interview again and take notes for .ii: Watch the interview again and check your ideas.
each section. Make more notes as you watch.
:'r Discuss these questions with your partner. Use your r1 Discuss these questions.
notes to help, and add your own ideas. 1 What did you learn about these topics?
1 What different types of work does James do? a Karen's early years
2 What information does he give about Iife in the b Tezuka and manga
desert and in the jungle? c Karen's creative habits and work
3 What can visitors learn from local people? 2 Which stories do you know which 'have a message',
4 What advice about preparation does James give? or make you feel what'the characters are feeling'?
5 Would you like to go on an expedition to an extreme 3 In general, who influences you in your Iife, study,
envi ron ment? Why?Al/hy not? work and interests?
 A HEALTH E r:¡qlsauryaBlp
'iBefore you watch the interview, discuss these ! Discuss these questions.
questions with a partner. Keep notes of the points that 1 Do you like taking photographs?
you both make. 2 When and why do you take photos?
1 What do you think brain food is? 3 Have you taken any photographs recently? Show
2 Why is the food below important, for both the brain and/or describe them.
and the body?
water oily fish
meat, fish, eggs and nuts .,i,,¡ .Watch the interview with Gareth Philips,
3 What kind of diet do you think is bad for brain a photographer. Which of these things does Gareth
hea lth ?
mention?
4 Which country do you think has the healthiest diet 1 When he took his first photographs
for the mind and body? 2 His reasons for liking photography
5 In shops, there are special food products for 3 His photographic style
physical health. Are special products for brain 4 What he does on a photo assignment
health a good idea? 5 Money and fees
tE 6 Choosing the images for use
.j,¡ Watch the interview with Dr John Briffa,
)U
a doctor who specialises in nutrition, and take notes. .,1:l Check your ideas with a partner. Can you
remember any details for each topic?
ber .ii: What answers does he give to the questions in
Exercise 1? .';.l: Gareth talks about the work process and selecting
photographs. Look at these sentences. Which ones do
.';,1 Watch the interview again. Complete the sentences
you think are different to what Gareth actually says?
rt with verbs.
'l ... any food or drink that 1 I let the landscape or person inspire the images.
the brain to 2 ... out of 215 images, I would supply them 30.
function well is essentially a brain food. 3 I always choose images that are difficult to understand.
2 ... if the brain doesn't have enough water in it, 4 I want the images to stay with the viewer.
it _ not to work as well ... 5 The viewer must be able to feel or even taste what's
3 These to help the day-to-day running of the in the image.
brain...
4 ... the omega-3 fats [...] also help the risk of .i'lr Watch the interview again. When Gareth talks about
heart disease. the work process and selecting photographs, check the
stn 5 Some of these foods, for example, highs and sentences in Exercise 3a. Change the incorrect sentences.
lows of sugar levels ... .i.' What images can you remember from the interview?
6 ... more traditional foods will do a lot in order to
S: our brain function ... ;i.L' Discuss these questions.

.i To what extent do you agree with these statements?

1 Describe the images that you can remember from
the interview. What is your opinion of them?
Discuss in groups.
2 You know what Careth hopes to achieve with his
1 lt is not easy to live a healthy lifestyle in the pictures. For you, has he done that? Why?A//hy not?
modern world. 3 Describe any images that have moved you or stayed
2 The health and nutrition stories in the media with you for a Iong time.
change very often, so you cannot believe any
of them.
3 My government often gives public
information and advice about
nutrition and health.

45.

''1 r:
l
PMEET THE EXPERT
SCIENCE B THE NICHT 0
"l Discuss these 'tr Discuss these questions. "§n
questions. 1 Where is Antarctica? What do you know about the 1
1 What basic place?
information about 2 Scientists from many countries work there. What
the planets, the work do you think they do? What challenges do they 2
solar system and face working in Antarctica? 3
the universe do
you know? ll*l
Read these sentence beginnings and endings. They 1
2 What do you come from an interview with Karen Fowler, a scientist abri
know about these who works in Antarctica. Can you match the endings thes
people and things? to the beginnings? 1i
a Einstein b Hawking c black holes d penicillin 1 I work as a communications ... 2''
2 The polar winter in Antarctica is ... 3't
*a f tZ Watch the interview with Huw James, 3 lt is quite difficult to ... 4:
a scientist. Tick these words every time you hear them. 4 lt is really important to ...
black hole(s) 5 During the polar winter, working in the dark can be ...
universe 6 It really is just a beautiful, serene ... clau
science/scientisVsc ientif ic a ... know what time of day it is. wor(
sentr
?h Compare your number of ticks with your partner. b ... manager in Antarctica.
What information and images can you remember from c ... keep yourself in a normal working routine. emol
the interview? d ... incredibly cold. CONS
e ... environment to work in. cust(
i$ nead through these notes. Watch again and f ... extremely challenging. need
complete the notes (1-6). Compare your answers with
a partner.
2b i,ü Watch the interview with Karen and check emol
your answers. faste:

2c Compare your answers with a partner. What else 1t

The vrrive r 9e t9n't >lat,c - \t's ^ot r't9tá' tt's '---.- do you remember from the interview? 2\
JT
blo,cV Ao\es' noth\^g c^^ e5c^Te' 3 try to answer these questions. Then watch the
Lots of w\a55 tr'\ a v€rf sv^all
2-'
interview again to finalise your answers. 4l
Ste7he^ Ha.r;kir''9' great v\ew \áe^5 \Y\ 1 What exactly does Karen do in Antarctica? 5I
1 re,earcVl' 2 How many months does the period of 24-hour fr
g¿' ¿i¡{icvlt to see - v€r) sw'all (20 w'tles) \n a darkness last? 6S
w\at|\ve'-. 3 What is the importance of mealtimes? ,a

wav€t frov bA 4 ls getting used to the darkness a quick or a slow 7S

f,^u.r, !"#*t|:;:rlii:,wav€, process? n

are 5 What helps workers in Antarctica to see in the dark?

,:
TV¡e átscovertt| o{ blacV Aoles aná yen\c'll\n 6 What does she like about working in Antarctica?
\
verf " Then
4 Work with a partner and do the role-play. :(
Student A: You work
4 Discuss
- these questions
on a scientific ,rll Di
1 Which of these opinions do you think Huw has?
research facility in the 1t
Why?ANhy not? Antarctic. A journal ist b
a Knowledge does not need to be useful in order is going to interview 2t
to be valuable. you about your work b
b Stephen Hawking will not be a famous scientist and life. Decide what J\
long into the future. kind of work you do
c Practical science research is more important and imagine life at 4l
C

than theoretical research. the research facility. C

d Scientists today are Iike the explorers of the past. Student B: You are a journalist writing an article about
2 What is your opinion about statements a-d in
Antarctic workers for an international geography and
question 1?
society magazine. What questions can you ask to get
3 Huw wants scientists to discover 'a planet orbiting
ideas and information for your article?
another star that we can live on'. Why do you think
Consider work duties, daily routines, social Iife and free
this would be a fascinating discovery?
4 time, problems and difficulties.
What would you like scientists to discover?
 1 CLOBAL AFFAIRS @ rrrr ENVTRoNMENT
-l Discuss these questions. § Work with a partner. What do you know about
.i.e 1 Write down the names of five international brands or extreme weather and the environment?
companies. What is the image or reputation of these
,,r,.: Read the notes belowfrom a short talk about
brands, companies and their products?
the weather and answer these questions.
ti¡e, 2 What do you think of these brands and companies?
'l What is the general
3 How do some companies become famous l¡rands?
topic of the talk?
Ther ,,1 ¡IE Watch the interview with Nick Cooper, 2 How many main
ntist a brands specialist. In what order does Nick talk about sections are there?
ngs these topics?
Watch the
'l New markets, new brands interview with Dr Laura
2 The importance of brands to companies Baker, a meteorologist.
3 The financial value of a brand Complete the titles oÍ
4 Social media the main sections (A-D).

be 3* Nick uses these topic sentences and introductory

clauses to present his key points. Look at the
words/phrases in the box and match them to the Slor¡rs o*\^ ex+aelvv.e wealt\eY
sentences/clauses (1-7) below.
--.-_<_-.

emotional connection actual value @ _ --d

§ges o* slorr^,r
u,rarit
consumer opinions emotional part I lropicatl slórwrs - '_ lo lhe equarlov two §¡es:
customer loyalty social media companies ¡ hqrvic¿rres C_oceax)
need to learn connect directly rational e lyphoorrs (P¿rci§c oceax)
reck emotional 30% of value create value innovative Z ex!"ar*"o¡ical slorrat: t
_ attA |;vrraTe
fastest growing market half of revenue

rlse 1 A l¡rand is a combination of two things: ...

Straáyiug (r_
obsern/¿rl.tóhrrl o_ tv\eé\svye áetails o{ s!o*r*r-
2 What's really important is the ...
t_
3 A brand is important to a company in a number of woáel yvoAtacesjD ptcluye oP slo"pr
ways: ... §¡<ciarlly áes\greá plarre - searls ve¡^roveA, sg<c\ally
4 Another reason why brands are so important is ... Aes\gt«á'-aAAeA
5 The way we measure the value of a brand comes F1e¿rsqve f"e35ra"¿, leu,rperarlrar¿r'_ _ )
from two things: ...
6 Some of the brands coming out of the BRIC countries O _ throragh ar slóvr,l
are really fascinating. Very Slror,rg witlá - arivgorls w<ve claseA
7 Social media is having a big effect on brands right
Flew ¿rl t_ levels lo n<arsq"e lhe É*
§iÉt
€Ea{
now. ¿3
slrotg rxirrás - bi^rrlPy arv.A scavy E:r,
lark?
Watch the interview again and check your answers.
.31,¡ ffiE
?
Then add more information for each key point. .u Cliprarle O_ *i-al:
ffit
:
.: Catrasilg gl ab oi l ewrT evatlqre lo'_ §::.3
;§c Compare your answers with your partner. ffiÉ
l.lol sure how lhis ¿t$Pecls *r,rl¡"e @ii
*=r
ffi.',.
¿?. Discuss these questions. wearlLer patllevrr5 s_l
§É-
*;:::
1 Do you have an 'emotional' connection to any
l
Peyh¿rps slvoag<r slor*rs attA tqor< ''_ "¿li\*all
Eit:
§:r:i:
á¿!1
brands? Are you brand loyal at all? 8:,q

2 Do you sometimes pay more money to buy a certain &1:

#._.
brand? .e*-aül

3 What examples of companies using social media f+ilɧl

can you think of? ".í Watch the interview again and complete the :t!!::.9r

4 Do you use social media to connect with any notes (1-10). ;*,EfÉt
companies or brands? If so, how? ''{. Answer these questions with a partner. §¡.#1E
out
d
1 Describe the images that you remember from the }&BE
video. How do they connect to the notes? a¿94*!
lt =}.#
2 What new things did you learn from the video? #;Élli

iree
3 Describe a time when you experienced a difficult, *!**P1
funny or otherwise memorable time due to the +x*.+:E

weather. PIan your narrative first. Effiiñr

ÍÉtrffi
H.+.-Bi
l*É rg:
129 üi!É¡Ér

g:tslBr
 L
MMEET THE EXPERT Ec
4 Discuss these questions.
'l Discuss these questions. 1 What are the reasons for differences between
male and female sport and sporting culture?
1 Which sports do people usually think of as either 2 Has your country held any major sporting
mainly male or female? events?
2 Describe some differences between male and 3 What are the benefits and drawbacks of hosting
female sports and sporting culture in your country. major sports events?
Consider participation, watching, competitions 4 Which major sports event would you like to
and status. go to?

,a i;jIE Watch the interview with Rachel Pavlou, '¡- l

the National Women's Football Development Manager

at the English Football Association. Complete the key
points from the interview by choosing the correct
phrase in these sentences.
1 Rachel didn't play / played football with boys
t,TÍOMEN'S CUP FII
2
3
when she was younger.
The London 2012 Olympics was / was notvery
positive for women's football.
Women's football has changed a lot /
hasn't changed much in the last 20 years.
I
I
4 The English Football Association has,/ .. ldt I
doesn't have a long-term plan to develop
women's and girls' football.
5 ln the past, the broadcasters and sponsors were /
weren't very interested in women's football.
6 Rachel wants women's football in England to be the
biggest / second biggest team sport inthe world.

.:i¡ When Rachel speaks, she supports her key

points with extra information, examples or a brief
argument. Watch the interview again and
make notes for each of the key
points in Exercise 2.
.r,,r Compare your notes
with a partner.

a
 \-/\-/¡Y Il V I\../ I \r\/, I I I\--./I \, r\-/ t I Y I I Ikv

' ''"',r :r': i ' fxf RCISF 7A (PACE 11) : .::i'::..til:,.:

-t ,.l EXLR"ClsE 3 (PACt: 12)

BE iIZ[ tr cloud a
/klaud/ noun
white or grey shape in the sky that is made of
Lil i-A I'ii-:¡i f;n lhe- .ü¿ls.l- ln ihe juryle
small drops of water: There were no clouds in
the sky.
A irr viiitl; divin3 " jun3letru((n3
sea (o'1okir,3 " *hil¿-*a{e'-
roftin3 tr snow /snau/ noun
soft white pieces of frozen water that fall like rain
tra
ht , lfi ,, tL\rr
5 when the weather is very cold:The frelds were
'-'t ¡.'.r1.,1\: covered with snow.lSeveral roads were blocked by
!.j¡v¿rnir*r á{t4t &ve{A\e deep snow.

lt Lemyer'aL'sre
1ü'c
tr autumn /'¡;tam/ naun
the season when the leaves fall off the trees:
?[R'"] SYNONYM fall AmE:This shrub has orange berries
in autumn.lHis new bookwill be published in the
iln {he coa:,'l ln lhe l,:rounloins autumn.
'*lCATli,li
. ,hile*tale'-
ACI:ViTi'i: .
.
-.nt.[€\iin,1
:e-*. («rcl'¡nl
.
raflin3
horse rldin3
§: tr sun /s^§/ naun
the thing in the sky that g¡ves us light and heat:
The sun's gone behind a cloud.lShe lay in the sun
lir
I
,l ,li,'\. reading.
!:,,1!i,.1,1,
l'.i,:.'n al-111l¡al r-
I
Sr,!.ilnLl á'r'id
, r ¿t ¡,i
nC1) l*a L
r1cu.*1
,re.,, ?*ir'i-
arl §'

t
tr sea /si;/ noun
the salt water that covers large parts of the Earth
"liccilr. a SYNONYM ocean AmE; We swam in the sea.lThe
ÜTHTR
l¡,*:hu
,1 ship was lost at sea.lThe Red Sea lies between
'",f1 ,C'eni
Al-fRAC"ilÓhl5 Arabia and North Africo.
i-e,,*p1e)

1*í)í-ATii:,t',1 ir. rhe

Ciil r_[
,1n-:;e".{ In the rroun"tains
tr horse /ht.s/ noun
a large animal that people ride on or use for
pulling heavy thingsl. I learned to ride o horse
Ác-ilvir, i[: 1,
"r,,r,-r,l.t
s14inl
*
when lwasfour.
' r:¡,i.rtrr'i íiirr snowbo«rliri3 §
Iiii .ti-r lríi l. Fram Langmcn VlcrCWise Dirtianary
\i
r
t:
J,ai_ I i,l\.i {:
t§
:r ,.\ :.r..r li :
*:
L}:§-q{}Li 5.3 EXERCISE 8A (PACE 41)
I
!.i iiitÉ: -- al¿ra.rr :,,Llir-:. L
i. L i i:t]¿l'
cold onl sno*3 dangerous animals environmental problems
anrl :,,.1n14 §.
unemployment Breen spaces cinemas
f'c,1i.,,rrr,, elderly people computers pictures
"1.

"
*r!",0-q'i. irr¿ books and CDs friends pairs of shoes free time
fai /' doing homework playing computer games

In my country, there are many I a lot of / few

ln my city, there is a lot of / little ...
ln my college, there aren't many / a lot of ...
ln my workplace, there isn't a lot of / much ...
ln my house,
I have got many la lot of ...
People in my family haven't got many / much ...
spend a lot of time ...
don't spend a lot of time ...

l.lt
"!G
- COMMU N ICATION ACTIVITI ES
= . ,'::."..,-.,.1.
:.:i
tr fine /farn/
:,
EXrRClS§ 2 {pACE 12)
adjective
1 very good:We food from around the
sell frne
B cool /ku:Il adiective
world.lThe team gove a fine performance. An:
1 slightly cold, especially in a nice way ANTONYM
2 very thin, or in very small pieces or amounts: (
warm: lt was hot in the day, but pleosantly cool at
a shompoo for fine hair I a scarf made from very
night. I After his run, he had a shower and a long,
fine silklThe sand here is frne and soft.
cool drink.
3 (spoken) good enough SYNONYM OK:'t've only
2 calm, rather than nervous or excited: She tried to
got water to drink.' 'That's fine.'
stay cool and not panic.
a (spoken) healthy and reasonably happy: 'How is
3 (spoken informal) lf you say that someone or
your mother?' 'She's fine, thanks.'
something is cool, you like or admire them:
s lf the weather is fine, it is sunny and not rainingt
It was a really cool party last night.
I hope it stoys fine for the picnic.

¡T hot /hot/ adjective (hotter, hottest)

I Something that is hot has a high temperature
ANTONYM cold: lt was a very hot day.lYou'llfeel
better after a hot bath. I My coffee is st¡lltoo hot to
drink.
2 Hot food has a burning taste because it has
Iot of spice inil:. a hot curry
tr dark /da:k/ adiective
t it is dark When it is dark, it is night time: lt's only
five otlock ond it's already dark. I I wont to get
home before it gets dark (= becomes dork).
Come inside, it's dark out (= it is dark outside).
2 A dark place is one where there is little or no
light ANTONYM light, bright: a dark, quiet
room llt was very dark in the forest and we could
hardly see.
3 A dark colour is strong and closer to black than
to white ANTONYM light, pale: a darkblue
dress ll'd like a carpet that's a bit darker than
this one.
a Someone who dark or who has dark hair
is
or eyes has black or brown skin, hair or eyes
ANTONYM fair: a beautiful dark-haired woman
Tony's dad was dark, but his mother hod blonde
tr clear /«ir.¡ alJective
1 easy to see, hear or understand: His writing isn't
very clear. I Some of the exam questions weren't
very clear.
2 lf something is clear, it is certain and people
a TJ
cannot doubt it: lt soon became clear that John ü
ia
was lying to us.llt's not clear how many people
were hurt.lSarah made it clear that she wanted
to come with us.
3 lf a substance or liquid is clear, you can see
through it SYNONYM transparent: clear glass
I a A clear sky has no clouds.
E Ot, /dra{ adjective (drier, driest)
1 Something that is dry has no water in it or
on it
ANTONYM wet:Get a dry towel out of the cupboard.
2 lf your mouth, throat or skin is dry, it does not
have enough of the natural liquid that is usually
in it: My skin gets so dry in the winter.
3 lf the weather is dry, there is no rain ANTONYM
wet: /t3 been a very dry summer.
I

tr bright ;Dran/ aaie«tve

1 Something that is bright shines a lot or has a lot
hair.
of light: the bright flames of the candles I a nice "-*
Have,

tr warm /w¡:m/ adjective

1 quite hot: tt's tovely ond worm in
this room.l
bright room
2 Bright colours are strong and not
of bright yellow flowers
dark: a bunch
there

g
i

Cover the bowl to keep the soup warm. I lt was a 3 intelligent: Maria is one of the brightest students
warm day, so we sat outside.
in the school.
2 Warm clothes stop you from feeling cold: / musf
- brightness noun (no plural)
buy a warm coot to wear this winter.
3 friendly: We gave the visiting students o worm
welcome. M mild,zmarLd/ adjective
1 not too severe, strong or serious: Dean had a
mild case of flu la mild punishment
2 not having a strong taste: Ihe sau ce is very mild.
3 tt¡¡ld weather is not too cold: /t3 very mild for
January.

F:on1 ionrr, rr f./¡rsilti;¡ )i.¡.I71¿ry

 LrÍ;§{ zu ?",:i EXH{Ct5r 1A (PACE 20) ¡ I ;;r',:.,::r.. l.:1 fxf RC¡5f 6A (PACE 28)

Analvsis of
,y
qirestionnaire
nly You are probably a visual learner. Visual learners
Iike to see information. A lot of learning in schools,
colleges and universities is visual Iearning because
vis t&
it involves reading.
(§ ffi t-oot again regularly at what you study.
§J
n9: Use different colours to organise and highlight
U information. Write things down several times.
$
Copy things you want to learn onto the computer,
§ri then read the print-outs.
Cne of the ways we like lc ,¡/ork is b¡, 3s¡¡.t ycL; to do
n't tr¡i' 1;g .r- aer, : --'sÍtr;i ::oups. Scrne slildenls think this
t is a v;aste of lirre. The¡r ciorr't want to listen to and taik
1o other sti:denls; they wart to ccmrnunicate u;lth the
You are probably an auditory learner. Auditory
teacher. l-lowever, here al ihe York Language Centre,
Iearners like to hear information. They understand ',rie bel,e.r:'f er,.:'¡e':r.itt\ ,;jyd l.dC=J .u ",J:k:aO '
best when they are listening or discussing.
pairs cr small groups;
: ffi cet information from radio programmes or
J sound files on the internet. Record things you Il increases the amcur,t rl Liri e Eacl , s,:j ie.i oarl
want to remember and listen to them later. Say ia{k: ycu can't all hat'e ror rg :;c1i,e,s;,,:-r,¡ .^. i¡
things aloud. Sing things to music you know. the teacirer, but it is pcssible 1o hai¡e quite lorg
Study with other students and talk about what conversalions ullth ylur l"=re1e¡ 3.C trat .p=akli^Lg
you're learning. ..1/^^+:^ñ'-
,: oui,,Jf v\/\f+..^+ r.
,¡ ::ry' :l,ru t,-:

, i..r... : :^-..l- .---cillcT-.i-c

:L i ¡UIJD OiL:!:i¡ I c: i.rr,. ]e -,
especially iÍ they're a litlle sh-v about si:eak i:g r

koirt ol the vvlrole class.

You are probably a physical learner. Physical
Iearners remember best by moving around and
yd.
touching things.
:
ffi rrt information on cards thatyou can move
llv around or put on the walls of your home or room.
When you study, walk around with your textbook
or notes in your hand and read the information
M discussicn - this makes the class more interesting
aloud. Spend time'in the field' (e.g. visiting a
museum or working in an office).
ot
ALn ST{-rüf},¡T§
Have a look at the tips in the other sections - perhaps
there is something there that can also help you.
h There are probably many rnore reasons that are noi
:s
+ lt encourages stuCents to become more
independent learners * they're not always waiting
for the teacher to teil thern what tc do.
e lt provides variety in the lesson - scmetimes the
teacher is talking, sornetimes you work in pairs
or groups, and sometimes you have a big class
& You can learn interesting things from other
students, not only from the teacheri
& lt gives the teacher the chance to see how
everybody ls working and communicating. The
teacher can go round the class and listen canefuti¡r
to students and make helpful comments.
on this list. So we hope that you understand r,,'h5' 'i, e
work in pairs and smali groups, and enjoy this,,,"at :
learninE. even if il. s nei¡¡ fo. voLr.

c.

tl)
::::e::.i:lt-t'-iii:::.t?

COMMU N ICATION ACTIVITI ES

-
1-l-:i}i-]:'j,4,1 EXERCISE 78 (PACE 31) 1"I:i1i.:¡,i
-i.:1 EXERCISE 4B (PAüE 9)

'. t il

"
The u,t

How many couniries have you visited in your life?

How ?
eLLf!Irfz:""
t
Jan rv vury Y)Ur L

Have you ever ¡idden a motorbike?

Have you ever ?
D^..,-¡.^i" (} beffe
é C}
,'.i,. have ,
^^;--
How many exams have you done this year?
Dubai
How ________ I ^^;^^ a
Have you had a holiday Nhis year? cr
f.b aJv

Have ? Ir^^^^,^,
-7'C 23c f5 e Sitr
New York ¿+\J Yot
ffiffiI;r., Rio de Janeiro JU tJ o , Áa{"
tos
llow much ielevision have you watched this week? twc

& I{ow §ave you been to ihe cinema ihis r,veek?

? §er:ul
§rrrl nor¿
I L, C3 1

Have ? Prr

ffi,t.'
':l'it,i} How many phone cails have ycu made ioday?
i.¡:1t:.1'.!1! a¡.1 EXERCISE 2B (PACE 38)
of
i
I

¡b How
you eaten any fruit Noday?
¿

'@ Have
Have ?
Try
The
'wl',
mat
Whith {-\}untry clir} yr-;u ttisit {irstl
Dicl ¡,t:u likc it? 'Yos

Situ
l.ir:ifir jr.l il.,f. EXERCISE 10 (PACE 69) You
Hel
wor
Soon, we could see it better, and we all Prr
knew what it was - the ghost of a man! of
We couldn't move. Before long, it was d
e
standing next to us, looking at us. of
Then it spoke: 'Do you know what k
time it is?'At that moment, we were
extremely confused and scared, but
then we realised that the ghost was a
local shepherd* - and he didn't have
a watch! He just wanted to ask us the
time! Later, we laughed a lot about
that ghost.

*shepherd: a person who takes care of sheep

 LI:§§ühi §.4 EXERCISE 48 (PACE 44) §_fr§sLlN [§.1 EXERCTSE 6 (PACE 63)

So hr
I
I,
l,le Wefl,le r can chanqe ve ry +uick and i{ s e asynlose How rnuch do you
NNP
know about sleep?
I

yzur way. lf you don'f have auch experrae nf , ifs

NOP ;hrO
bef-l-er 00 wifh szne zne utho can you guio{e . lf you
1 alll:
a) O-5 minutes b) 5-10 minutes c) .10-15 minutes
have any d¡f{¡cult¡es.

2
a) 50-400 hours
b) 400-750 hours
c) 750-1,100 hours
Situation A
) Why is it difficult to siee¡
You want to borrow some money from your rich aunt
to start your own business. With your partner, make
J hot summer nishts?
a) We need to cool down before we can sleep,
two lists: and this is more difficult in summer.
1 the problems you might face b) We don't like listening to noises outside -
2 the solutions to those problems. and these noises seem to be louder in summer,
c) We go to bed later in summer - and keep thinking
Problems Solutions abcut things that happened during the day.
. Your aunt refuses to . Borrow some money from
lend you any money. other family members.
A \\'hat
{¿- ..
is the record f*r ihe long*:i periocl oi

. . f tlr.tre someote rlanageC to go rn,ithoLlt sieep"

No one in your Cet a job with a
a) 6 days b) days c) 16 days
.11

family will lend you company or other family

any money. organisation. I- Hor,t . n¡rrv hcu'= rright C:-i DeL,p:¿ ..1

J ic,r,-; csl-cp i5i;ealsal*'

Try to think of some more problems and solutions. a) 7-8 hours b) B-9 hours c) 9-10 hours
Then role-play the situation with your partner.
you want to sleep, but can
'\\/hat'll you dct if your aunt
money?'
rel'uses to lend yoLt any 6
'r..,
ru should count sheep,
I
.: i.¡¡-.
'l'll borrow some money irom other l'antily mentbers.'
'Yes, but ...' sleepy when y0u'r
7 r
idea to open the
r<i:^
Situation B
True or false?

I
Your younger brother/sister is a university student.
He/She spends too much time having fun and not ril s
working.
Problems Solutions
. He/She doesn't . Persuade him/her to study
do well in his/her more. 9
exams.
. He/She doesn't listen . Ask his/her friends to help
to you. 10 F:::h I
wilet-
True or false?

jr

Check your answers on page 138

135
COMMU N ICATION ACTIVITI ES
§-r§§#ru *,? [xERCrSF 5 (PACE 73) t"§§s{}ru "{1.? EXIRCISE 7§ {PACE 89)
¡ Location of industry? north/south of country, etc. /
near the capital / on the coast
. Age of industry? old/new / 2orh/21st century
. Type of industry? mining / oil/ automotive /
car / shipbuilding / steel / food / electronic / rlpr for cutting
o
entertainmenl, etc.
Names of well-known companies? Sony, Ford, etc
dcwn waste -
'*re* f,*r cvtrry
r davr
r, i:1.,.;¡'; ;l,..'1' fXERCISL 1B (P/\CE 82) of, the \\icek
These cities have not hosted the summer Olympics:
Nairobi, New York, Abu Dhabi :i.l:r,:::r t,. . Send e-cards (for birthdays, etc.) ard not paper-

These cities have hosted the summer Olympics: i

J
or ratC or'es Tre thcught is what's impcitant
nct the material.
London (1908, 1948,2012); Los Angeles (1932,1984);
Paris (1924); Mexico City ('1968); Moscow (1980);
Seoul (1 9BB)
/ Cive old trys tc other famiLie:.

Reuse plastic bags. To help you remember to rlo

thi,,, keep some in yr-;ut pocker 0i ,ag - tney
. r:':,':,:. lr''. : i .:. FXf R.Cl§E X (PAC[ 88) 3 don't t¿ke rp mirch space.

The photo shows packaging waste being processed on a

.i.& Buy your fruit ¿nd vegetables from a local market,
conveyor belt and waste being sorted for recycling.
.:rai:::::i :l Think before you prlnt. How many times have yor.i
printed something and not looked ¿t it again?
&_+ 3 lf you do ptint, use boih sides of a piece af paper.
I
Hire DVDs r¿ther than buying them"
ep

5a,,e ¿bcui ¿C lilres olwaier ¿ lime by ¡¿ving

showers instead of b¿ths.

c¡*

1 Which do you already know about? Which are new

to you?
1].
.L
id, 2 Which do you do? Which could you do?
:i 3 Which are good ideas? Are there any you don't Iike?
f whv?
1

. I "¡ ¡{ }.t. ! , ! FXFRI-IqF 1R tpAr:F q4)

: ' , ,leader
Nelvs Sport Comment ] Business I l\,]oney ''
] ,',r,-,.,

ÉEtr)X{EE@

§por*s q&§§s amswsr§

'l n\ t \/^ t^. ^,
2a)
§ False fhere are 7 \'a.i,,,^.
three higher grades: o
? tr)
red-and-white striped,
§
red, and white belts.) 1n b)
4' True
 Lils§ü¡ü ? ?"3 EXERCTSE 6A (PACE 91)

Project description: The aim ofthe project is

to clean the streets of graffiti and litter and to
reduee crime. Members of the local community
will form'Street Teams', which will be responsible
for cleaning up graffiti and litter. CCTV wiil reduce
anti-social,/ criminal behaviour.

Benefits of the project

1 In the local area, there is a lot ofgraff,ti and I
rubbish. The street teams will clean things up
regularly and create a better local environment.
Villa a
2 The local community will take responsibility for

3
the local area.
The street teams will bring the members of the
WIN
community closer together.
4 CCTV will help reduce street crime and make
the streets safer.
5 A safer and cleaner environment will attract
new businesses to the area.

Budget (including annual running cost): Benefits of the

project
Total cost NZ $45,000 I Ir will provide
green electri city for
(and hetp fighr the vill
Cost breakdown global warmi¡g).
2 ltwitl turn an area
Cleaning equipment: NZ $20,000 of wasteland into
wind farm. a modenr
Purchase of ten CCTV cameras: NZ $25,000
3 Ir will make
money for the
lVlanagement of the CCTV cameras: NZ $10,000 communi
ew eiectricity to the
per year country This
fund other money coul
prgects e g.ayo
Budget (inctuding
ke? annual running
Tota] cosr; cost)
NZ 932 ,000
Cost breakdown
or wurtuluro,
,ll".ii:r:"
.hstallation Nz $20. 000
of ten wind
NZ $ I 2 :
,Note:
rhere ;;il"'.:Tbines:
running
because,h"
;;;; :T" c:.,:
pay ror .",,;;;;;:" J,í,1;1;;,",,.,..,
havel

\
COM MUNICATION ACTIVITIES [_
'. , ,:, .,',. ::',.:: EXERCISE "l (PACE 92) '; ; ;':;;:;: ;t''.;, :, ,: I EXERCISE 1B (PACE 94)
Where did the text appear (e.g. on a website, on
a poster)?
Who wrote it, and who will read it? *rs*.¡rra*g*leader tuer
When was it written?
News ]sport Icomment IBusiness IMoney IL,i:l'i-,:i§r',,i¡ |Travel.
What is it about? Sport §ports
Why was it written? EÉffi=
:€i-Ef::.:
ffis-,
@ r rryo
j : r,:,:.:,.. : i .:. EXER"CISI 10 (PACE 93)
2 lf yo
#E€.-.'
E:.:l
tl
!I
=@4+:*=-r:
t
§r
1 lfyo
t
t 2 lf yo
. 1,000 local residents interviewed
§
tl

(February 4-1 1)
I
I. ffi=
§ ffi=
. 64Yo against new terminal - aircraft
noise' ¡
, 1 lfyo
more traffic on local roads 1i
I
Sports quiz 2 lf yo
. 25%o in favour - good for local businesses
i 1 The first table-tennis match was between two
. 11Youndecided - need more information ,
i university students. At which university?
about the Plans 1
a) Beijing, China Have y
. 94Yo think government should
pay more §
I b) Boiogna, ltaiy
Did yot
áttention tJviews of local residents t:
,a
c) Cambrldge, UK
I
{l 2 Which sport took the na¡ne of somec¡ne's hot¡se? 1
§
¡ a) badmrnton ¿
b) hockey
c) polo 3_
3 The highest grade of judo is the black belt. 4_
: : EXERC¡SE 6 (PACE 63) True or false?
4 ln fencing, clothes must be white.
True or false?

How rnuch Co yüu 5 ln archery, what colour is the centre of the target?
6 Which sport is connected with the America's Cup?
know abcut sleep? 7 ln cycling, what colour shirt does the leader of the
Tour de France wear?

l- c) (Less than 5 minutes means you're I ln which culture did gymnastics begin?
sleep-d eprived. ) a) Roman
b) Ancient Greek
2u> c) Incan
3a) f
9 What musical instrument is connected with (
,'t .-, dragon-boat racing? I
¡
( . r ¡nrli,-,..h +t^;- --.^ 10 Where were the first football World Cup finals l
.r L/ \nrLi ruu¿r i L,r> uort chárse with the seasons,)
in 1930? (
'lhe',
I
f )|-- ,.--,
ihini :l xay
.ncre jist, ¿6f i¡g l[¿r1
)e a) Chile
l
I
relaxing. Relaxing imagery or thoughls rnay be b) Uruguay I
better ) c) Switzerland +
1
/ | (\ ou need i.o stop, end take a nap, That's the I
1
best and safest thing to do.)
Turn to page 136 for the answers. t
&t (N.u, research shows a ccnnection between I
lack of sleep anC obesity.) ¡
]
§-
-, I
]
I
I
1O r ,iirt..l Con'[ h¿,"e c.rciic: )
t
I
 ,i i::rr:':i-::,,i 1,,: : EXERCISE 6A (PACE 99) : i'llii,r:\, :,i.:; EXERCISE 8A (PACE 75r
::1ir:ii-l,il .:i
...: : l-r i-., r.r r. ; I a

. You are selling a new digital camera, Mode[ ]

G uest i o¡"r n ai re f*rn': at that costs $100.
. You want to get some big orders for this nerr
product - up to 2,000.
. You can offer discounts - up to 20%.
. Longer delivery times are better for your compa-
1 lf you woulci youa) , b) , c) ? up to eight weeks.
2 lf you woulC you a) , b) , c) _?
I t,r,.,i .,:.., ;. ' EXER.CISf 9 (PAGE 23)

1 lf you would you a) _, _,

b) c) _?
2 lf you , would you a) , b) , c) _?
What's 1 Down? What's 1 Across?
This is someone who/that ...
1 lf you , would you a)_, b) , c) ? This is something which/that ...
This is a place where ...
2 lf you , wot"ild you a)_, b) , c) ?

Have you played any of these sports?

C o N/ P U T E R

A
Did you enjoy thern?
D
;e? 1 5 o
I
"10
2 6
IV A G A Z I N E o
.) 7 11
,| B 12
N T E R I E

,
P o L I T I C I A N
: l...r:,':,i.:i'.. i.. -,' EXERCISE 12 (PACE 101)
i"iz _
I

jyp?
'the .'.1 .:'I Learn English in the heart of the
Big Apple - the city that never sleeps. N I Erl
o
FJ]
:,,, l:::. I General English classes,
N

E
C) all levels, all nationalities. N/

Er¡ A
::i, .:l', I Small class sizes guaranteed.
CD

If ,,,,. ,'I Amazing modern facilities -

z
C5
rlr, I
all you need to study.

Special afternoon options include:

J ',:r

z ,,ii: t:i:l ,liia

Business English, f ilm-making,
team sports, American musicals.

;:i 1r::r I Full programme of social activities.

z
Jr rlr.

r::
1,1,.

irrrl
!
au::
Weekend trips available.

,:tit ,t'I Accommodation service available.

=
,- 'J
E
!:-
EG
ffiCOMMUNICATI ON ACTIVITIES
..1::,:,,'.ii'-; ': ""i IXFRCI§f 7 {PACf 35) i,rul:¡::i-;"': i: r:. EXER.CISE 7A (PAüE 67) :-,
,.r : i-.,,:.,:.1 i¡a ¡ ti ', . :.1 I .:.:- l.: I ,:,

! Lo,
:§
I ph
!, Co
dif

SYDNHY
.l
Je()ond
the
', , Cheñslry '.I
t WI
I

f.:s€ftilI.
: l_: .r.:_. l §
ll ma
t
Freouenl headacAes, can'l concenLale, make {t
s;mfe m;slakes, some+imas get siomach ache.'^ I
It
r ,.. ,.,:" I
, , ',:l'.. *I
aflen sludy )ale ,n lhe laboralory, doing
experiments. LI

Aiso l,ke lo work s,l ling on my bed usirE my WHATS ON?

laplop.
Neve. la*e w,lh assignmenls and essays Dailg festival listings: Fridag 24th August
(work ha.d to do thi"s).

Eal a /ot of snacks, as no lime lo c,ook.

Cycle lo college, but do no o|le. el.ercse. THEATRE ANB MUSIC
Take a lol o{ headacle medtc,ine. Chinese opera in the Sgdneg 0pera House.
Few {r',ends and nol much soc,al i,fe.
CINEMA
A remake of Frankenstein, including an interview with the
§s!@llr,"]j.l:ltii1]i].ri.!wll:lt..lw
director. Café open.

r I ,r,, :'',. ,'.:. fxf KCl§§ 6A {fAC¡: 19) ART

.,ti 1t '.,,.-. Food for the eges: An exhibition of art about food, and art
made of food, from famous paintings bg the Dutch Masters
to a contemporarU sculpture of Sgdneg made of biscuits.
The evening event includes a barbecue on the terrace.
TÜS{-II

Young JaPanese miin.

Engineer (tttttks fttr a big cohlPah¡)'
Petsrtn,¡ltltt - /'r'icndlg (nire snrrle'
cxltemeItipolite anr{ cIeve/ kLtl
/€t'U chti+t|,
,*#*
Likes - s¡totl: plags {ootball/l,e,nnls,' :., -,.::i :1.,1 .r i EX§RCISE 8A ([rACE 75)
úoin¡¡ trt lhe cinema. l{ap and h¡P hoP tüustc
.ii

O¡sl¡kes - cookiA§ {usuall¡1 0{les }o ca'{és/

...-1_r,i 1l

teslauranld. . Your ideal order is 500 cameras. You can increase

this, but you are not sure how popular the camera
Apltt't¡t'ttnct smatl {nshi''unblc' rlothas'
Shi,t¡rt bl,¡ck hatt'. ülasses. will be.

<tnokes a l¡ltlc'
. You would like to pay about $80 per item.
ülhct rn{otnwti,tt.r o Your company would like a fast delivery, so that you
s¡tea,!<s tiood En¡lsh
can soon sell the camera to the online retailers.
 L{:}§{}ru i}.} §XERCISE 7A (PACI- 43)
'; :1

Look at your photos and prepare to describe and discuss them. Look at each pair of
photos for each link: Animal hunting (C1 and C2) and Animal captivity (E1 and E2).
Compare and contrast the two pictures in each pair. What are the similarities and
differences? What are the strengths and weaknesses of each photo with regard to
their use on the website?
Which photo do you think is best for each link? Why? Use these words to help you.

market stall animal skin cage glass gun hunter lock bars

rE
:"r+¡ ¿
*

/
r the

i art
¡sters
.¡its.

-*¡

r .a

')
*
rl) ü
.se
ra
,§
:Tf
VOU l,
-
§

I
I
ii§n

ON ACTIVITIES
=COMMUNICATI
N-[§§#N 1ü.'§ (PACE79) EXERCTSE 7 LE!

5'TUDTNT A PAI

What is Yo-Yo doing on Thursday?

He's meeting the ambassador at ten o'clock.

o.\
Diary appointments fo¡': Yo-Yo Ma tii Diary appointrnents for: Paulo Coelho

Lr

g
.re=-

a.m p.m. a.m. p.m.

Monday 1C.OC 4.00 Monday 10.00 4.00

' about the Perform in a classical t'_about the Attend the
trip from Turkey to music concert at trip to Thailand lnternational Culture
China the Ataturk Cultural Conference in
Centre Bangkok

Tuesday TraveL to lran 3.00 Tuesday 10.30 4.30

2 t3
in Tehran lv4ake a speech at the
International Culture
Conference

Wednesday 10.30 4.00 Wednesday 9.30 3.30

N/eet the lranian 3
lVeet the Thai ra_ at the
N4inister of Education It/inister of Culture Brazilian Embassy
7.00
"_ the
Brazrlian Ambassador
Thursday I '1.0ü 3.00 Thursday 9.0ü 2.30
4
Watch a tradrtional 16
Appear on a W
music performance show about animal
conservation

Friday 10"00 2.00 Friday 't0.00 2.00

Appear on a local 5 17
Hold a press
radio show 8.00 conference with the
6 school headmaster
8.CI*
Fly to Brazil
 I :'.:i.r:":1r.. 'lii :1 EXERCISE 7A (PAC§ 83)

T
Noles *or pveselgL4ttgl
..-:4--

Pl¿us, goirrts atl claiuas Exarr^aples

ope¡iug seclion
A lrr.rly gYee\ g^w'et solav powe"
§uccess$ql s¡ovt in \€w ve\ues
Fitatrrce g raatvarttee 40 billio¡r US áoll¿rvs

Spovts vehues
fhe olyrr¡ic Patvlr holás at'll lhe ve\hes. ¿rlhl eli cs starái rar'r, Sr^,ir,'rr^liorg gool

l"lew ¿rrá wtoAer\ sgorts verues slaráit^r,"l wv,áe o{ goláetr glarss

Everylhirrg will urse sol¿rv powev. staráit^r,"1 lig hls, vqeA\a, c etllY e

vill e
r"¡ill be rexf lo the olyu,r¡ic Parvk.

Cohverrie\l *or the ¿rlhleles walk lo lhe verues, rase e'leclyic aol€ buggies
1s,000 s\ugle roovxs
Brailáings will be g,ee\. w6 Ae lvor"r r¿ gy6leá rq¿rleyi¿rls
Fooá *ro*.r r^larrry corarrlries Itáiar, Chirrat, ) av'aa;.ca

I vat

fhe i\ lhe A<sevl,

olyu,r¡ic P¿r"k'rs
or¿lsiáe lhe ci§.
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lhe ci§ lo lhe Parvk.
\)se gqsa ¡tablic lrarugo"t. electric buses t
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Abu Dhabi Olympic Games Presentation ll
§
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1:

.."'"*a*.*¡§*]¿?§!{9§
§penins sqe§jp.n *
I
Hello, everyone. Abu Dhabi is a great opportun¡ty for the Olympic Games and
**.¡
the environment. We will give the world a truly green games. For example, we
will use solar power for all our electricity. Our games will show the world how
to use clean electricity to improve our lives, and our spectacular Olympic Park
will be perfect for great sport¡ng success. This will, of course, be expensive to
build, but we guarantee to have the full 40 billion US dollars.

§ports venues
Qlyxsi{_vjlNese
:l &anape§

t+J
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- COMMU N ICATION ACTIVITI ES
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JJl i,.:...'r..-.::.i i.i.ii §X§RCISE 74 (PACf 67)
a':r ri':r'r..:i :
:: i :--l:,jili 1 t ¡1

You are a second-year student. Tell a new student at

your university what he/she has to / mustn't / should
do in order to be successful at the university.

SYDNEY
Think about studying, accommodation, making friends,
health and well-being.
You havc ttL ...
{)ne thing yau mustn't do is ...

l":5B'.Itill
WHAT'S ON?
What's 1 Down? What's 1 Across?
This is someone who/that ...
This is something which/that ...
This is a place where ...

J
Dailg festival listings: Fridag 24th August

NIGHT EVENTS [s P.M.-11 P.M.)

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o
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A N

L E
6
I

H S S
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5 A
P T P
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 EXERCISE 7A (PACE 43)
STU§-]¡r2 i $
Look at your photos and prepare to describe and discuss them. Look at each pair of
photos for each link: Animal hospitals (81 and 82) and Animal sanctuaries (D1 and
D2). Compare and contrast the two pictures in each pair. What are the similarities
and differences? What are the strengths and weaknesses of each photo with regard to
their use on the website?
Which photo do you think is best for each link? Why? Use these words to help you.

hold stethoscope table eye drops neck bucket lie down animal keeper

sse9
M,S

D2

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FYFRI-IqF 7 lPAllF TCII

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t¡tÍrt,it\ '"'t'{itf / tr',1irli,, -i¡.t;,,¡'tlt-¡,-k.
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a.m. p.m a.ñ1 p.m.

Mcnday "tü"*{i 4"0ü Monday 1ü"CIü 4.0ü

Give a press '' at the Give a press rE ln Bangkok
conference about Ataturk Cultura conference about the
#
the tr p from Turkey Centre tr p to Tha land
to Ch na

Tuesday 8
3.ü0 Tuesday 1§.t* 4"3S
Vrsrt a music schoo r' at the Visit a charity for
ln Tehran nternationa Cu ture homeless children
Conference

Wee*nesday I S.3* 4.{i* Wednesday 9.3ü 3.3i]

)a
9
Trave to Afghanistan Grve a poetry reading
at the Brazilran Embassy

7.S0
Have dlnner with the
Brazllian Ambassador
Thr:rsday I1.0* 3.0* Thursday ?.üs 2.30
Visit a chi dren's U
Go to an elephant 2r about
hosprtal sanctuary anlmal conservation

Friciay 1§.§$ f,nfi Friday I *"üü 2.Sü

I Have dinner with Teach creat ve writing 22 wrth the
the president of atavlageschool schoo headmaster
Afghanrstan
8.00
Leü rj
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 I i:::!.::r.:,,1'i i.]...: EXERCISE 7A (PACE 83)

{
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Platu, goirrts 4\á cl¿titts Exaruagles r'

seclioh
fivs! evev olyr,,¡ic Gotnes it A*vic¿t §

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Sarve ¿t lol oQ unotey, Lo\áo\ sgerrl 12 billior orr {e1, ve}1r^es
Re/r¡ce costs, bul kee¡ high traatlil'y.
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,ffi
Nairobi Olympic Games Presentation

Openinq section
Hello, everyone. Nairobi is a great opportunity to hold the first ever Olympic
Games in Africa. Nairobi is ready for the challenge. We have hosted large
sporting competitions before, such as the All-Africa Games. Therefore we have
the experience, and we also have the venues. This will be the low-cost Games
because we do not need to build any new sports venues at all. Nairobi
is already ready!

Sports venues
Olympic Villaqe
Transport

I
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t_§§s{
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Extrac
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SYDNHY
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deadl¡ne. M: Hi
Someiimes miss c/asses. Dailg festival listings: Fridag 24th August stl
pl"
Tutors are nol happy wi*L, -y *ork.
l'c

l4any {r'ends, hke lo meet lhem {o, coffee.

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You are a new student at university. Ask Student A, It',:
*l¡/,eat'atre - nttl ¡t;,ct{r,sstutto¡/ a second-year student/ for information and advice CE
¿;, stttat,l.
\tt It r
t (
.:i, fí¡ t, t,!dE-',, /,/,i,','í,,"r' . about university life and study. ls there anything you be
:j : n
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91
sk() t'r: b lo /" cr(
td e ltO I t,. have to / mustn't / should do? Think about studying,
Ülher,' in{,Lt,rnttlio;t ttt¡n Br
s;tuktt,, accommodation, making friends, health and
bLr
sI tealls ttet.u t ¡o,tt/ well-being.
E¡¡ci/tstt. CO
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S§i:riidl.".i
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S:Sir
S: So
D: ltl
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 LE§§*N 1,1 RÉÜÜÑ.ÜINü 1.2
L : Liu Shan, M : Mo, A: André
[xtract 1 customers.
L: Hello. l'm Liu Shan and l'm
Chinese. ln the picture, this woman
is dancing to a traditional song.
She's my mother and she comes
to this park every week. I love this
part of the park because it is so full
of life. Right now, many different
groups are playing different music,
people are dancing and so many
people are taking photographs.
Like me. ln this place, you can feel
something special and be together
with many people.
[xtract 2
M: Hi. I'm Mo. l'm Australian, but l'm
studying here in Dubai. My
photograph doesn't show what
I can see right now, but it does
show exactly where l'm standing.
l'm at the top of the Burj Khalifa
building and I'm looking down on
this great city. Right now, far
the below me, people are walking to
work and all the cars are moving
around, and they have no idea that
I'm looking at them. ln a city, you
the need a quiet place to stop and
think, and I come here often for
that reason. I take a lot of
photographs here at different times
of the day because the view is
lnd always different. What do you
think of this picture from today?
Extract 3
A: Hello, l'm André. I'm Brazilian
rnd bar and I live in Rio. l'm a student; I'm
]t 0ut. studying science, but right now I'm
playing football with my friends.
This photo shows my favourite
place and also my favourite way to
spend time with my friends. We
come to the beach twice a week
and we always play football. I love
the fun and energy, and it helps us
relax when we aren't studying.
It's easy to get here from the city
centre, and when you're on the
L,each you forget about the
ou
lo
crowded city and you feel free.
'b/ But, currently, the breach is getting
busy because the summer is
coming - we try not to hit people
with the ball, but you never know.
Lr§§GN 1.3 ñ"rCO*D¡NC 1.3
S = Simon, D: Diana
S: So, Diana, any thoughts?
D: I think the Antarctic wildlife cruise
is a great idea. I like that activity.
S: Mmm, so do l. lt's unusual, and
everyone loves penguins. lt's
certainly something for older
D: I agree with you. I also think
it's a good activity for our main
customerS.
S: Do you? I disagree. Our main
customers like very adventurous
activities. A cruise isn't very
adventurous, is it?
D: Well, it's not adventurous, but
it is something new. And whale
watching is great.
S: Yes, you're right. So, are there any
problems?
D: Well, the holiday season seems
very short.
S: I see. How long is it?
D: It's only four months long. I don't
Iike that.
S: No, neither do l. lt means we can't
sell a lot of holidays. OK, what
about the other adventure?
D: ln the mountains? Well, let's see
... they can go walking and horse
riding in the mountains. I don't like
those activities.
S: Don't you? I do. Horse riding's
always popular, and everyone can
go walking.
D: Well, Idisagreewith you. Ithink
they're very boring.
S: Well, I think those activities are
fine, especially if we want new
customers who are first-timers.
Everyone can do those activities.
D: Well, everyone can read, but that
doesn't mean we want to offer
trips to a Iibrary, does it? Anyway,
what about the weather? It says it's
windy. That's not so good.
S: Mmm, you're right about the
weather.
D:
So, I think there are a few problems.
S: I understand, but the Antarctic
cruise is very different. Perhaps this
is a good place for older customers
and first-timers. Let's look at the
other places, then decide.
D: OK, so where are the other
destinations?
Lü§§{}N 2.1 RrC*RDlNt ?.X
Extract"l
Chimokel married Benjamin when
she was 16. She has two children and
lives on a small farm. They wanted to
send their children to school, but they
needed a lot of money. A neighbour
told her about the running races with
money prizes, so she started runningl
She trained for one year, early every
morning in the hills. Benjamin looked
after the boys, and she did extra work
on the farm. She was determined to
do well. Then, amazingly, she won the
Nairobi marathon. lt was her first race!
She was very happy when her boys
went to school after that.
Extract 2
Soula is a creative person. She studied
graphic design and, after working for a
few companies, she started her own
business five years ago. She designs
and sells greetings cards and
photographs. She started with nothing,
and it was difficult to do everything.
She is very hard-working, so she often
worked through the night. She also
spent a lot of time building the
business through the internet, on social
media likeTwitter and Facebook. Last
year, she won an award - 'Most
Promising Young Designer' - and an
important shop became a regular
customer. That was a lovely reward for
many years of hard work.
Extract 3
Sarah started her journey in April
201 1. First, she travelled from London,
across Europe and Asia to Japan by
bike and kayak. Then, she leftJapan
in a rowing boat in order to go to
North America. On her journey, she
saw many wonderful places and she
got Breat support from all the local
people. They were really kind and
friendly. Cycling across the Cobi desert
was difficult, but she never gave upl
Some of the things that she did were
very dangerous, but Sarah is brave
and confident, and this helped her to
succeed.
L§SSÜN ?.2 RTC&RÜINT 2.4
l'd like to invite Esperanza Spalclir:
She's a jazz singer and a mLrsit
from the USA. Her early life u.r.
.
-
easl . She lired in ,l poor p,r't
'
Portland, Oregon, with her n¡, --
Her mother was an importar''
influence, and Esperanza l'.:.
respect for her. Esperanza i--
illness as a child, and clicl'- -
school all the time. Instr.
at home. Erm ... she ii -
interested in musit .r'
She lrained ¿s ¿ cl.¡.-
but, ¿s a teenage' -:'
hip-hop and c,the'-'
discovered the ba...
... l¡ecause she r'. ...
instruments. Er . .
'Junjo'-canre(-'
she won a Cr: -' '
Best Neu,Ari .
 AUDIO SCRIPTS
determination and ability: she can sing
in English, Spanish and Portuguese.
She's also very beautifull What would
I like to ask her? Well, um, perhaps
this: 'How did you feel when you won
the Crammy?'
IE§SO§I2"3 RECORDINC2.T
R=Robert,G:CaoYing
R: Hello.
C: Hi Robert, it's Gao Ying.
R: Oh, hi. How are you? How did the
interviews go?
G: Oh, l'm fine. The interviews
were fine, too. Have you got ten
minutes or are you busy?
R: l'm fine for time. Tell me about the
people. Who did you see first?
G: Well, the first person was a guy
called Martin. He's a young
doctor, he's Canadian.
R: Oh, that sounds good. What's he
like?
C: Well, I'm not sure. At firs! he
wasn't very friendly and he
certainly isn't chatty. He works
long hours, so he's hard-working,
I guess. He seems honest.
R: I see, so, erm ... what does he
Iike? What are his interests?
C: Well, he likes watching sport on
TV, but he doesn't play any. Um,
what else? He doesn't smoke, in
fact he hates smoking. Oh, he said
he likes cooking, when he's got
time.
R: OK, so perhaps he's a bit quiet.
What does he look like? Does
he look tidy and smart? Or does
he look scruffy, Iike a punk or
something?
G: Well, he's a doctor, so he looks
professional. He wears nice
clothes. He's got short brown hair.
In fact, he looks like that actor
who plays Mr Bean.
R: Really? l'm not sure that's a good
thing! What about if he's Iike
Mr Bean, as well as Iooking like
him? We don't want to him to
damage the flat with his stupid
accidents!
G: lndeed, but l'm sure he just looks
like him.
R: You never know! Anyway, what
do you think? Would you Iike to
live with him?
C: Mmm, yes, I think so. I'm happy to
live with a quiet person.
R: What, like me?!
C: Yeah, exactly! And l'd like to live
with a Canadian - you know,
my sister lives in Toronto. AIso,
doctors are usually honest and
responsible. What about you?
R: Well erm ... he sounds quite questions like: 'OK, l'm connected. I-E§§(
quiet tell me about the others What do I do now?' So we said:
first. 'Well, what do you want to do? J=Jei
Do you want to send an email?' J:O
Lr§Süht 2.4 RrCOf(DtNC 2.1r! And they said: 'Well, I don't know th
anyone with an email address.' l(
1 I was eighteen when I left my
Things became easier a year or two St\
home town and went to live by
myself. I didn't know how to cook
later when people started to find aCl
out about the world wide web. ea
anything! My mum prepared all
my food. The first meals I cooked
2 The first blog probably appeared
in 1994. Of course, we didn't use Nr
were really simple - pasta, things
the word 'blog' back then, and it de
like that, very basic. But I felt K: \\
was very different to today's blogs.
very proud of myself - and also
independent. I was really happy. Actually, it was really a website. lt ir.r,
belonged to an American journalist, pr
It was fun to go to the shops and
choose what to eat. I know a lot Justin Hall. At first, Hall used it to ): Pc
give us a kind of guided tour of K: Ye
of people hate shopping for food,
the internet. But then he started tLlr
but at the time it was all new and I tl
writing about his personal life - his
quite exciting for me. I don't think
anyone showed me how to cook.
relationships, his plans, his fears. J: ol
This became his main subject. K: \\
I just learnt by myself, Iittle by pcl
Once, while he was taking a road
little. There were lots of cookery
trip across America, he wrote about Hr
books, so it was easy to learn. alr
his experiences along the way,
Later, when I was quite good at it, tht
sharing everything with us. Hall
I invited my friends to dinner. int
was, I guess, the first blogger.
2 About ten years ago, I got a job
3 ln.l 994,lwas living in a large be
in Japan - in Tokyo, actually.
I wanted to Iearn some
house in west London with three J: ol
po
friends from Australia. Together,
Japanese, and I bought a book
we decided to set up an internet
K: Ex
called lapanese for Busy People.
café - or cyber café, as we called
B: IIi
I clearly remember the cover of the
it then. It was one of the first in J: So
book - it was light blue. People
the UK. We used the ground floor
B: \\
say Japanese is a difficult ha
Ianguage, but some things are of a computer company in central
pr(
quite easy - like the pronunciation. London. lt quickly became a very
popular place - we had a lot of J: la
It's a bit Iike ltalian. But it was very pr(
celebrities there. One day, an
difficult to remember the words -
extremely famous pop star came
B: Th
they were so different to my own tht
language. For example, the in. Everyone was really surprised
sol
and stopped what they were doing.
Japanese word for 'train' is densha. J: Mt
How do you remember that? It We worked very hard for about five
mt
years, but we didn't make much
isn't like anything you know. So
money. lt wasn't a Sreat business,
K: Fir
I didn't enjoy that part of it. But the pa
main problem was that I was very but it was a Breat experience.
ab
busy with my job. lt was funny, J: Nc
because the name of the book was Lr§§oFi 3"3 R[C{}RDINC 3.4
i cle
Japanese for Busy People, buf I Hello and welcome Io Fame and int
was really busy myself and didn't Fortune, the programme that brings oit
have time to study. So my progress you the freshest news and views from shr
was extremely slow. But, after the worlds of politics, business and hii
some time, I learnt how to make entertainment. In today's programme/ er,
full sentences, and that gave me a we interview the Prime Minister about kn
feeling of real power. her family life, we meet the hottest all
young film directors in Ireland, and pr(
l_[§SO¡{ 3"1 RLCüRDINC 3.1 there's music from the chart-topping K: Cr
band The Hoodies. Our business
1 In 1 992, I was working for an
specialist, Tony Cotton, visits the
po
internet service provider. It was wi;
a new company, one of the first
Coogle offices in the States, and thi
Lynne Miller brings you the latest aur
in the country to help people get
onto the internet. We had two or celebrity gossip. First of all, over to the ho
three thousand customers. lt was
news studio for the headlines of the ilr
funny, though, because often they
week... B: Wl
an
didn't really know how to use the
K/I: An
service. They phoned us and asked
 I l\JrJ I\rt lrul\ta I J

rected. Lr§§üN 3.3 REC{}Rü¡t'{C 3.5 J: And just how are animals V: This course has given me many
Lid: connected to fame and fortune new skills. Before, I didn't know
lo? ¡=Jeif,K:Kate,B:Bill exactly? how to help people in my village.
1l?', J: OK, then, Bill, Kate, you've read B: Well, I thought that perhaps we Now, l'm sure I can make a
know the brief for the new programme. could find pets that have unusual difference.
s.' To summarise, it's a magazine- talents, you know, cats that can E: Vera finishes the course next week
or two style programme with a young sing. And then we could have a and then she'll return to her village
tind adult audience, and it's for the competition, and, um, you know,
b. early Friday evening slot. The make them famous.
working title is Fame and Fortune. Extract 4
rred K: And you really think that young
I often work for IMA and I've worked
t USe Now's the time to sort out some adults, after a hard week at work,
details. Any ideas? Kate? in Kenya, Nepal and Peru. However,
rd it are interested in that?
blogs. K: Well, Jefl I think we should B: Well, I don't know, um, well, my current position, here in Sri Lanka,
include some politics in the is perhaps the most difficult job I've
;ite. lt perhaps not, er, perhaps that's not
pro8ramme. had so far. Last year, an earthquake hit
rrnalisf a good idea. Why don't we ...
J: Politics? Really? this area, and this caused a massive
it to
of K: Yes, I know politics is usually a LIS§ÜhJ, 4,1 RECCÉDÍ¡'JC 4.2 amount of damage. l've never seen so
turn-off for this audience, but much destruction before. I help the
ed
I think we can do it in a new way. Extract 1 doctors in a couple of clinics - one
e-his
J: Oh yes, and how do we do that? Sad news from head office concerning here and another in a smaller village
)ars.
K: Well, um, why don't we get some our work in Africa. Unfortunately, about ten kilometres away. I see
t.
politicians on the programme? we've closed our mobile clinics in people with serious illnesses and
road
However, let's not interview them Ethiopia because of severe financial injuries. Today, l've seen 40 patients,
: about
about politics. Instead, let's ask problems. Last year, we ran ten health and I don't finish work for another four
f, them about their lives - you know, centres in Africa, but this year, we've hours. These are busy days indeed.
lall
interests, family, perhaps their Iife received very little money and we I started work at seven ...
before politics. can't continue to offer healthcare
ie
lree J: OK, so, er, politicians without across the continent. We've decided to LES§üI{ 4.3 RrCüR.DlNC +.3
politics. close the two Ethiopian centres and we
ler/ M = Mavis Much, A: Abigail Parker,
'net K: Exactly. hope to raise more money by ...
D: Dane King
alled
B: I like it. lxtract 2
.f: So do l. Anything else? Bill? Working here is the best thing l've ever lnterview't
in
B: What about music? We should done. When I worked in the UK, I got
M: Hello, l'm Mavis. What's your
floor
have a Iive band on the name?
:ntral bored with the daily routine, but out
very
programme. here, I find every day interesting and
A: Hi, l'm Abi. Abigail Parker.
J: I agree, but, then again, so many demanding. l'm working in a small
M: Nice to meet you, Abigail. What
of year are you in?
programmes do that. clinic in the middle of the jungle and
:¡

lme B: That's true, but why don't we get l've never done such important work
A: This is my final year, I'm studying
the band to perform three or four History.
ised before. The villagers in this region can't
doing. songs, rather than just one? get to government hospitals because
M: I see, so you've got your exams

rut five J: Mm, nice idea, that way we get a there are no good roads, so this clinic
soon. So, how can I help you?
uch
much better idea about the band. is the only hope they have. I usually do
A: Well, it's about my exams, really.
ness/
K: Fine, but what about the 'fortune' about two operations a day and, so far,
I get very nervous before exams,
part of the programme? What and already l'm not sleeping very
in my time here, I've probably saved
about interviewing rich people? well.
about a hundred lives. When your
lt J: No, I ... I don't think that's a good work is very important, you don't ... M: I see. Well, of course everyone
idea. We don't need more gets nervous before exams.
c interviews, and rich people are lxtract 3 A: I know, but l'm, Iike, really
n8s often really boring. I think we E: Employee, V: Vera nervous. And not sleeping is a real
;from should do something about E: The lack of food in this region problem.
rnd high-profile businesses, you know, causes many health probrlems for M: Yes, I understand. Tell me about
mme/ er, like Coogle, Sony, Apple. You the local people. We wanted to your study routine. How hard are
about know, the big businesses that have reduce their need for doctors like you working?
est all the exciting new ideas and us, so, on the first of January 2O12, A: Well, l'm studying all day every
rnd products. we started to plan a training course day. I usually go to bed at about
ping K: Creat idea. So, we've got some for local people so that they can one, and get up at six, but I don't
S politics, music and business, all help with some of the minor health sleep much in that time.
with a fresh angle. I think these problems. Finally, after many years M: I see, and are you eating well?
I things are good for the target of planning and raising money, in Drinking much coffee?
st audience, but the programme is an June of this year, we started a A: I have three meals a day, and yes,
r to the hour long. What else shall we put training programme. So far, we've I drink loads of coffee - it keeps
the in the programme? trained 500 people. By the end of me going, really.
B: What about something with the year, that number will be M: OK, and, er, what about exercise?
animals? 1,000. Vera is doing the course at A: Exercise? That's not a word I like!
K/J: Animals!? the moment. l've never played sports in my life.
M: I see, well, what Ithink ...

l.1)l
 AUDIO SCRIPTS
lnterview 2 studying, so I think you should and a half kilometres thick, but in L[5Sr
M: Hello, l'm Mavis. What's your listen to my advice, honestly. some places it's thicker than that
N:¡\
name? more than three kilometres thick,
D: Hi, l'm Dane. Dane King. lnterview 2
in fact. ln Iarge parts of the island, N:O
M: Nice to meet you, Dane. Are you M: OK, well, I think you should join a
there are no people at all. About C(
sports club. .L
)t
in the first year here? 55,000 people live around the
D: Yes, I am.
D: A sports club? Why?
coast, where the climate isn't as fir
M: And what are you studying? M: To make friends, and also to stop
cold as in the centre. Their main K:O
D: l'm doing Biology.
you thinking about home all the
work is fishing. N: St
time. lf you play sport, your mind y(
M: Right, and how can I help you? will stop thinking about home. 2 Yes, it probrably looks familiar ...
D: Well, it's a bit embarrassing, cl
and of course it is. l'm in Trafalgar
really.
D: I guess so. But I only play baseball, th
and they don't play that in this Square, in the heart of London.
M: Co on. th
Sometimes it's easy to forget that
country. trl
D: Well, I really miss home. I'm
M: But you're from America, and
Creat Britain is an island, too. ln
5e
from the US. fact, Creat Britain is the eighth
you're pretty tall, so l'm sure oÍ
M: Yes, I guessed from your accent. largest island in the world, and the
So you feel homesick?
you've played basketball before.
largest in Europe. lt's interesting,
K: Yt

D: That's right. Really badly. I didn't

make many friends here yet, and
I miss my mom, you know, her
home cooking and everything.
M: Well, there's no need to be
embarrassed about that.
D: I know, but it feels lil<e the only
time l'm happy is when I go to a
McDonald's restaurant, and I do
that nearly every day now. And
l'm losing interest in my studies.
I just want to go home.
M: OK, well, lthink ...
LESSON 4.3 RECORDINC 4.4
: and east of England are flatter.
M Mavis Much, A: Abigail Parker,
D : Dane King
Interview 1 island.
M: I see, well, I think I can help with
your sleeping problem. I think you
should take more breaks during
the day in order to relax a little.
The problem is that you are too
stressed all da y. Also, you
shouldn't drin k a lot of coffee
because it stops you from relaxing.
A: But I need it. I have to keep going
during the day, and because l'm
not sleeping at night, I need it to
keep me awake in the daytime.
D: Sure, when I was at school, but I'm
not that good at it.
M: I'm sure you're better than most of
the British students who play it.
And anyway, you need to meet
other people in order to make
some friends.
D: I guess I can try joining the
university basketbal I cl ub.
M: Cood. And you ought to change
your eating habits. You know, you
shouldn't go to McDonald's every
day, because you need variety in
your diet.
D: I know, but I have to eat, and
I can't cook. My mom always
cooked for me.
M: Well, perhaps you should join a
cookery society as well, to learn
how to cook.
D: ls that the only advice you have?
Joining clubs and societies?
M: There's no need to be rude.
D: Heck, l'm sorry. lt's just very
difficult Iiving in a different
culture. I get stressed very easily.
M: That's OK. Let's talk a Iinle
more ...
LESSON 5.1 RECORDINC 5.1
1 lslands have their own kind of
sl^
too, because it's actually three
countries: England, Scotland and
N: Yr
Wales. lt's rich in history, and
d(
people come from all over the
world to visit famous churches,
K: SL
pi
museums and castles. Creat Britain
is more crowded than many of its
N: \\
European neighbours, and has a
or
lo
population of more than 60
K:O
million. Bul in parts, it's as
ar
beautiful as ltaly or Switzerland.
Mountains cover a lot of Scotland,
N: Ex
or
where there are many long, deep
th
lakes. Wales and the north of
Engl and are hilly, while the south
it'
or
The area around London isn't as
K:U
pi
impressive as other parts of the
in
pi
3 Madagascar is a world apart. lt's
the fourth largest island in the
fo
world. lt lies off the coast of Africa, N: Su
and split away from the rest of
th
Africa about 100 million years ql,
ago. lt's a land of contrasts and
of
surprises. There's rainforest on the
ar
east coast of Madagascar. ln the
south, it's hot and dry, but the
K: Ex
be
climate is cooler in the middle of
the island, where there are
Is
mountains. So some parts are not
N: Sc

M: I know, but it causes you problems
as well. Try drinking just two or
three cups a day. And you
certainly shouldn't drink coffee in
the evening, because that
definitely keeps you awake.
A: OK, but can't you just give me
magic, and Creenland is one of as tropical as others. The
K:W
p€
the most magical of them all. population is about 1B million,
fr<
Creenland lies off the coast of and most of the people are farmers.
North America. lt's the biggest or
But what makes Madagascar
cl,
island in the world; 2,655 special is that there are unusual
in
kilometres from north to south, types of animals and plants that
and 1,290 kilometres from east to you can't find anywhere else in the
CC

some medicine, like a sleeping pill
or something?
M: Sleeping pills? No, I don't think
you should take them. lf you make
a few changes to your lifestyle,
you will be OK.
A: But my friend who's studying
medicine said sleeping pills can
work.
M: Yes, but your friend is still
fo
west. So there's a lot of land, but world. The island's most famous pi
it's not very green. That's because animals are the lemurs - they look
an ice cap - a thick Iayer of ice
N: Ye
a little like monkeys and they've
- covers 85 per cent of Creenland got Iong tails. But they're in danger
pi
Snow falls on Creenland in every now, because people have
month of the year. The snow gets destroyed the forests where they
K: ll.
th
deeper and deeper and turns to live. ln all, about 50 kinds of
N: fl
ice. As a result, Creenland has the wildlife are at risk on Madagascar. 5e
second largest ice cap in the
world. On average, the ice is one K: lt
Hr
 .' l\-, u a \J --t \-t\¡ I I {l

ck, but in LE§SON¡5.3 R§C*RÜINfi5,2 N: Oh yes, that's a very strong image, S: Well, I think the t\\,o most
:han that it's definitely stronger than the first important trends for you are about
etres thick,
N : Neil, K: Katie one. I like the way the picture technology and age.
he island, N: OK, Katie, well, I've brought a captures the moment when they're P: Age?
l. About couple of pictures which both actually returning the bird to the S: Yes, basically Britain is getting
rcl the show whale rescues. Here's my wild. It's a very positive image. olcler. In I5 vears' time, more than
, isn't as first one. K: Yes, and although it's less a third of the UK's population r,r,ill
eir nrain K: OK. colourful than the first one, it's be over 55 years old. And these
N: So, in this one, in the foreground, more powerful. older people will live for much
nriliar... you can see three whales that are N: So, I think we agree that this longer - we know that irom the
r Trafalgar close to the beach. Obrviously, second one is the best of yours. statistics. The¡, might live until
:-,indon. they're having some problems, and The first one is more boring, so they're 95, or even 1 00.
rrget that there are some people who are I don't think we can use that one. P: Oh. But that definitelv rvon't be
l, too. ln
try¡ng to help them. And you can K: lndeed. So which one of our two good for business. Thev rvon't
see here, in the background, loads choices is the best overall? Which have jobs, so l'm sure they rvon't
e i ghth
lcl, and the
of people are watching. one shall we choose as the final have much money.
cresti ng,
K: Yeah, it's not bad. I like the way it one for the website? S: Oh, it'll definitelv be good for
th ree
shows a team of people who are business. First oi all, they'll retire a
land and
N:
working together.
Yes, they seem very professional,
LE§§ON 53 RTCORDINC 5.3 bit later than now, so they will
have some money. But the main
, and
don't they? N : Neil, K: Katie
er the point is that these people rvill
irr.ches,
K: Sure. And what about your second K: Indeed. So which one of our two deiinitely need things to do rvith
picture? choices is the best overall? Which this extra time, for sure, and the,v'll
reat Britair.r
an¡r of its
N: Well, it's very different. I think this one shall we choose as the final need things that improve the
one looks very unusual. Have a one for the webrsite? quality of their lives.
rcl has a
6t)
Iook. N: Well, the bird rescue one is more P: OK. Any examples?
clS
K: Oh yes, I see. So, these two people dramatic, but I think we also need S: Well, rve predict that older people
are throwing water over a whale. to show that people who work for l'villtravel more, so there'll be
zerland.
Scotl and,
N: Exactly, and I like the way we can us are professional. more companies that specialise in
ng, deep
only see the whale's head. I think K: So you think we should choose the holidays for them. At the moment,
that's pretty eye-catching. I think whale-rescue picture. holiday companies focus on
th of
the south
it's more unusual than the first N: Yes, I do. What about you? families or young adults. But, ir.r
'latter.
one. K: Well, I do like the power of the 2030, there'll l¡e more elderlv
r isn't as K: Um, I agree. But the people in this bird rescue, but does it give the people, the over-65s, than under-
picture Iook less professional than right message? How about if this 25s. So, for example, holidays on
oi the
in the first one. Remember, these time we show the professional side cruise ships will increase. The¡,
pictures are for our wetrsite, and of Animal Aid, but in other may also want activitv holida,vs,
part. lt's
we need to create the right image pictures we choose something but that'll depend on their health
n the
for our charity. more emotional, or more unusual and on how demanding the
t of Airica,
'est of
N: Sure, that was my worryt too. In and eye-catching? activities are - the,v probablt, u'on t
Vears
the firsl picture, the message is N: OK. We need five pictures in total, go bungee-jumping, but ther,'
clear. You know that this is a team so we should be able to create a might go hiking and sailing.
¡ts and
of experienced people helping the good balance for the home page. P: OK. Er, what about daily life?
c.st on the K:
animals. Fine, so our first choice is the Well, this connects to the other
'. In the S:

rt the
K: Exactly, so I think that one is the professional whale rescue. trend I mentioned, technologr
best of your two photos. Shall What's next? P: Technology.
ricldle of
I show you mine now? S: Yes, and, in particular, robc¡ts
re
s are not
N: Sure. What have you found? Lr§s$l§ 6.1 §§cüR§!Nt 6.1 P: Robots?
K: Well, l've got two pictures of
P: Patrick, S: Susan, B = Bob S: Yes. Olcler people need thir¡q. -
people who are saving sea birds make lit'e easier. ln the rutLir.
r illion,
from oil pollution. This is the first P: Hello, Susan. Cood to see you
e iarnrers. again. might have a robot that clear. --
one. lt shows some people house, they may have a roltol -.
SCAT
cleaning a bird. I Iike the colours S: Hi, Patrick. How are you?
rr-¡ usual P: I'm fine. Can I get you a drink? drives the car, thev might h.r,. t .
in this picture. I think having some robot that does the gardenir.:
¡ts that Coffee? Tea?
colour in the photos is a good idea You say 'might' and 'mar
else in the
for the website, especially as the S: Oh, a coffee would be lovely, P:

ial¡ous thanks. than 'will'. Why's that?

pictures will be small. Well, we can't be definitc.:i: .
they lool<
N: Yeah, the blue and the yellow are P: Sure, l'll ust ask Bob to do that S:

thev've Bob, cou d you make us two this because it all depencls r'- --
, in danger good colours. But I think the
coffees, please? So, what does the technology. At the monre:: . '
picture is a little boring. are very basic.
\e future hold for me?
K: I know what you mean, but again Yes, I think there's a robc¡i ...
-.re they S: Well, hopefully, good business P:

is of
they seem very professional.
opportunities. I've got the full cleaner and that's a[¡oLrt - ( -
N: That's true. What about your and robot pets.
, clagasca r. report here, but l'll go through the
second picture?
main points first. S: Exactly, so the technolr,:,. --=:'. -

K: I think this one is more dramatic.

P: improve. Perhaps rt rr
Here it is. Fine. Co ahead. i

153
 AUDIC SCKIPTS
won't. But older people will S: Personally, I think mothers should disagree. TV is part of the modern af
definitely want robots. stay at home. I Iook after my kids world, like computers and phones. in
P: Well, that's all very inleresting. and I think that's best for them and We can't hide TV from our kids. th
Now, where are those coffees? for me. I think it's better if they know that is
Perhaps I need a coffee robot! R: ln what way? TV is a normal thing, as normal as CA
Bob, how's that coffee-making S: Well, you know, kids should be having dinner or whatever. glr
going? with their mother, they need my Rr Henry? da
B: Oh. Hi, sorry. I think the Iove and, well, I know what they H: Well, that's an interesting idea, but Ba
machine's broken. l'll go to the Iike and don't like. You know, it's TV is different to phones and Íir'
café. OK? Just got to clean up this natural. having dinner. The kids just sit It ¡

mess the machine's made. R: OK, so does anyone disagree? Yes, there, Iike vegetables. lt's not good A]
P: OK. Sorry about that. Now, where you - what's your opinion? for them, not good at all. no
were we? Oh yes, technology. G: Well, I understand her opinion, C: But why not just control how \\'(
I guess the internet will be but sometimes mothers have no much they watch? You know, have kn
important. choice. They have to work. a maximum of two hours a day or CO
S: Of course, in several different Surely it's better for the family to, something. R: Ril
ways. to have money to buy food and H: Well, I know we won't agree, but cri
P: Any specific examples? stuff. I mean, what's the point of the best control is to sell your TV. for
S: Well, for a start... staying at home with your kids if If you do that, they'll do l: Ol-
you can't put food on the table? something else. oÍ
§-.fl:§§üN {:.? Rilil§ffi.ElNü á"4 We're not all in happy families S: That's just silly. sto

S:Sam,E:EIIie
with two parents, are we? H: You're the one that's silly. rhi
R: lndeed. What do you say to that, R: OK, OK, calm down everyone. in
S: You know, Ellie, l'm thinking Sarah? Let's take a break now, and after R: Ye
about getting my own place. S: Well, that's a good point, but the ads we'll look at the role of the CO
E: What? You want to leave home? I think some mothers work father in the family. WC
S: Yeah, I think it'll be good for me. because they want to, not because
I'll be more independent. they need to. They prefer to work LTSSON 7.1 R.ECCIRDINC 7.1 LESSC
E: That's true, but what'll you do if rather than look after their
your parents don't Iike the idea? children, and I think that's wrong, R : Researcher, I : lris Battle R: RC
S: Oh, I think they'll be pleased to I really do. R: Well, first of all, thank you for R: Ye:
see me go. lf not, I'll persuade R: OK. Does anyone else have meeting me. cor
them. anything to say on this? l: Not at all. I hope I can help. \\,O
E: Really? I don't think your mum B: Er, I do, Robert. R: Well, as you l<now, we're doing I: Wt
will be huppy. R: Yes? some research for a documentary pol
S: Oh, she'll be OK about it. You B: I agree with Sarah. I know loads of series about forensic science - we be<
wait and see. mothers who work just because want to call it 'Crime-scene ti nr
E: I hope you're right. But ... what'll they Iike to have a job, not scientists - the reality'. We think dor
you do if you lose your job? You because they need to. And that's a we should show the truth about get
won't have any money to pay your real pity, because they're missing your work, because we think the hor
bills. out on the best time in their TV dramas don't give a true wa
S: Well, if that happens, l'll get children's lives. You can work any picture of what happens in a res I

some help from Mum and Dad
r-rntil I get a new job.
E: Well, that's not so easy these days.
You seem very confident. Sam,
I don't think this is a good idea,
you know. What'll you do if you
feel lonely?
S: Really, Ellie. I'm not thinking of
going very far away. I'll still have
my family and friends just around
the corner.
Lrs5{}hr 6.3 r{.8{üqL}¡hic 6.5
time, but your children are only crime lab. so1
younS once. I: Yes, that's a good point. There are har
R: OK, well, while we're on the many differences between those ofi,
subject of children, Iet's look at crime dramas and our actual work. the
another question. Basically, should For example, we work in two R: No'
we limit the amount of TV young separate teams, the crime-scene dra
kids watch? Are they watching too analysts and the scientists. The har
much TV these days? What's your analysts search for and collect the yoL,
name and what's your opinion? evidence, and then the scientists I: We
H: Hi, l'm Henry and l'm a dad. do the tests in the lab. However, in ch.r
R: OK then, Henry, what's your view? the TV dramas, the analyst often sc ie
H: Well, what lthink is thatthey does both things - that is, the slar
shouldn't watch any TV. collection and the testing. i ncr

R = Robert, S : Sarah, G :
Grace, R: What, none at all? R: So, when the crime-scene analysts peo
B : Ben, H : Henry, C: Carla H: None at all. I never watched TV are at the crime scene, what do inc
when I was a kid, and I don't think they have to do? we
R: OK, so that's the expert's view I: Well, l'm a scientist, not an so)
my kids need to watch it now,
- Iet's see what you, the public, especially when they're young. analyst, so you shouldn't ask me. lnstr
think. Now, what's your name?
S: Sarah. R: Right, well, I'm sure many people You should ask an analyst to get che

R: will disagree with you. Let's see. the full picture. R: lnte
OK, Sarah, are you a mother? R: That's a good idea, but can you lool
S: Yes, I am. I've got two young Um, yes, madam, yes, you in the
girls. red dress. give me an overview now? I: Wel
R: Creat, so what do you think? C: Well, personally, I completely l: Sure. Well, the photographer all r
takes pictures of the crime scene, reas
rodern and at the same time someone R: Well, this is kind of for work. without the printing press, you
¡hones. interviews any witnesses. Then I mean, we must get the can't make thousands of copies
kids. they collect any evidence, and this . documentary right. and therefore you can't make any
iv that is when they have to be very I: I suppose so. Well, OK, but you money. The printing press meant
mal as careful. They have to wear rubber must turn your phone off and that people could become
gloves because they mustn't you must be quiet, or my boss will professional writers and
damage any of the evidence. kill me! journalists, which I think has been
lea, but Basically, they look for R: Hmm ... murder in the crime lab. very good for society, don't you?
d fingerprints, hairs, perhaps blood. Could be a good story for the TV P: Well, yes, I do, I suppose.
sit It all depends on the crime, really. show... However, I disagree with your
rt good AIso, they have to take very careful point about education. After all,
notes. This is important because LLSSüN 7.3 RECO§.Dll"iü 7"4 we didn't have general schools
w we, the scientists in the lab, must until about 400 years after the
P = Presenter, .l = Julian Blake
invention of the printing press.
w, have know where the evidence has
day or come from.
P: So, Julian, could you tell us about Is there really a connection?
one of your choices, please, and
R: Right. Now, on TV, most of the
just give a few reasons for your
J: Well, er, that's a fair point, but
,e, but crimes are murders. ls that true I still say that the mass production
choice? Unfortunately our time is of books caused changes in the
ur TV. for you?
l: Oh, no, not at all. Ninety percent Iimited... way people worked, and this led
of our work is with burglaries or J: Right, well, one of my choices is
to wider education.
the printing press. Now, P: Mmm. OK, we'll leave that
stolen cars, you know the kind of
Gutenberg invented the modern discussion there for the moment
thing. You should make that clear
in your documentary. printing press in 1457, and I think and let's move on. Sandra, what
)ne.
this caused a revolution in
after R: Yes, indeed. We should get that
knowledge, society ... and, well,
have you chosen?
e of the correct. OK, so what about the lab
work?
in everything really. LTSsON 7"4 RECORDINC 7.8
P: In what way?
7.1 L[S§*]! 7"1 ñEC{}RDINü 7.2 J: Well, the main reason I think it's The next thing I'm going to talk about
important is that the printing press is some of the problems that women in
R = Researcher, I = lris Battle meant we could produce books science face in the UK.
ior R: Yes, indeed. We should get that and newspapers in large numbers The first problem is what happens in
correct. OK, so what about the lab and very quickly. Before then, schools. ln the UK, schools are not
work? writing was a slow process, and doing enough to encourage girls to
oil]8 I: Well, first of all, we always tell the each copy of each book took study science. Most school science is
?ntarv police that they must be patient, weeks to make. Suddenly, we about learning facts, and boys are
e-we because our work in the lab takes could make a hundred copies of a happier about facts. Boys want to
time. On TV, a police officer book in a day. This meant that know if something is right or wrong.
think doesn't have to wait very long to ideas could spread much more Women are more interested in
itout get test results, perhaps just a few quickly than before. This caused evaluating things, deciding if
rk the hours. ln reality, an officer has to great changes in society, too many something is good or bad. So schools
wait 20 days to get a DNA test changes to talk about now. have to show girls what you can do
result. Secondly, we work in a lab, Another reason the printing press with facts. Then girls will be more
so there are certain lab rules. We is important is that it led to interested in science.
ere are have to turn our mobile phones education for everyone. This is The next problem is male attitudes,
hose off, and we mustn't eat or drink in connected to the fast production of what men think about women in
rl lvork. the lab, that kind of thing. books because if you have books, science. Early in my career, I was often
r0 R: Now that we have these TV you can have a school. As well as the only woman working in my lab in
cene dramas about forensic scientists, that, the idea of education for all is Oxford. One male colleague called
The have there been any changes in also connected to the need for me simply 'the girl'. Over the years,
ect the your work? reading skills. The written word men have made comments to me
ntists l: Well, there's been a positive became important at work, and so such as 'You don't look Iike a scientist.'
ever, in change in our image. Now, people had to read, and so they I realised there was a problem in the
often science is an interesting or needed education. UK when I went to France. In the lab
'te glamorous profession. lt's P: OK then. A key reason for where I worked in Paris, the
incredible really, so many young choosing the printing press is that atmosphere was different. This was
rnalysts people are now applying to work it meant that ideas could spread because about 50% of the people
Lt do in crime labs. And the thing is, quickly and this caused many working there were women.
we're scientists not police officers, changes in society. Secondly, you
Another problem for women in science
I so you don't have to study law. claim that it led to education for is the issue of children. This
;k me lnstead you have to study all. Anything else? is very important for female scientists
.o get chemistry or biology. J: Well, yes. The other thing is that
in their late 20s and early 30s. ln the
R: Interesting. So, um, can I have a the printing press means that lab in Paris, having children was not
\,oU look around your lab? writers can make money/ which, such a big problem for a woman's
I: Well, l'm not sure. My bross says as l'm a writer, is something l'm
career. lt didn't have a negative effect
er all visits must only be for work rather pleased about. But seriously,
on the careers of those French women.
SCENC, reasons.
 AUD¡O SCR IPT§
But in Britain, if a woman takes time
out to have a child, things can be very
hard for her later. lf she wants to return
to work after having children, it's
difficult to compete with men. While
she was having her children, male
scientists were doing their research
- and publishing it!
The last problem I'm going to mention
today is confidence. I believe that, at
some point in their careers, someone
needs to give women scienlists some
confidence. They have to have more
confidence in their abilities. They also
have to have more confidence to apply
for jobs, and to do good interviews.
ln the end, if you're not a woman, and
if you're not a scientist, talking about
women in science might not seem very
important. But if you're both of those
things, you might feel uncertain ...
about where your career or life is
going.
LISSGN 8.1 R.FCORDINC 8.1
W = Dr Wilson, A: Abolaji,
51 = Studentl, 32 : Student 2,
53 = Student3, 34: Student 4 movement'. You can see it on my
W: All right, Abolaji, you're next. Are
you ready?
A: Yes.
W: OK, then, start when you Iike.
A: Cood morning, everybody. Let me
start with a question: Do you like
sleeping? ... Yes, I thought that
was the answer. Well, today l'm
going to talk to you about sleep.
I hope to show you that sleep is a
very important and interesting
subject. But please stay awake -
don't fall asleep during my
presentation !
Scientists are starting to understand
sleep much better than before, and
l'll mention some new research in
my talk. Because of the Iimited
time, l'll cover three areas:
'l how much sleep we need
2 the types and stages of sleep,
and
3 some problems with sleep in
today's society.
So, Iet's look first at how much
sleep people need. Most people
spend around a third of their lives
asleep, although the need for sleep
decreases with age.
Let me ask you some other
questions. How much sleep do
you think a one-year-old baby
needs?
S1: Um, twelve hours?
52: Twenty?
53: Eight?
A: Well, a one-year old baby needs sleep, our brains put together E: TI
about fourteen hours of sleep a thoughts and experiences, and ar
day. How about a child of five? then store them in an organised P: Tt
54: Twelve hours? way. This gives us clearer E: St
A: That's right. Cood guess. memories. Recent experiments m
A five-year-old needs about suggest that the final stage of sleep, s)i
twelve hours. And an adult? How REM sleep, is very important for in
much does an adult need? organising our memories and helps in
53: Er, eight? to improve our learning. NREM m
A: Exactly. An adult needs about sleep is important for making our B(
seven to eight hours. However, memories stronger. Experiments lo
different people need different have also shown that the brain P: Sc
amounts of sleep. Some adults works in a different way after E: Ye
need to sleep for ten hours or more we've had a good night's sleep.
a day, while others only need half The final area I want to talk about CI
that amount - or less. Elderly are things that can stop us sleeping Hr
people tend to sleep less than well. Can you tell me some things t'c
younger adults at night, but they that might stop you sleeping? CC
doze more during the day. 51: Noisy neighbours? P: lt
Let's turn now to the different 52: Um, Iots of traffic. t'r
types of sleep, and I apologise for 53: Uh, you're worrying about things. lc
using some rather technical A: Yes, these are all true. Another W
language here. There are two types thing is too much light. Street w(
of sleep, known as REM sleep and Iights and security Iights mean that E:W
NREM sleep. Does anyone know even when we're asleep, it's never Th
what these are? Er, well, REM completely dark. And the evidence l'v
means'rapid eye movement'. And suggests that the quantity and be
NREM stands for'non-rapid eye quality of darkness in our Iives 8o
affects our health -24-hour ho
slide here: REM - rapid eye shopping, global travel, etc. P: lt':
movement; NREM - non-rapid eye Because of this, our days are E: Ye
movement. During NREM sleep, becoming longer and the nights int
our brains are not very active. shorter - and this could also P: Ye
However, in REM sleep, the brain damage our health, as we're not an
suddenly becomes more active - getting enough sleep. ha
like the brain of a person who's To sum up, I hope I've succeeded OU
awake. Our eyes move rapidly, in showing you that sleep is a very E: Ye
and we have dreams ... clr important and interesting subject. nit
nightmares. We sleep less as we get older, but C: Gr
OK, have a guess. How much of everybody's different - some tht
our sleep do you think is REM people need more sleep, others E: Afl
sleep - when our brain is alive, less. There are two types of sleep C: Ot
and we have those dreams and - NREM and REM; most sleep is W€
nightmares? NREM, but REM is when dreaming Le
52: How about 50:50? happens. During the five different ab
A: That's an interesting guess. stages of sleep, our brains organise pa
Because actually, in babies, REM our memories and make them E: Ol
sleep is about one half of sleep. stronger. But too much light and C: Ol
But what about adults? our modern way of life can have a Th
51: A third? negative impact on our sleeping CA
A: Nearly. Nearly. ln adults, REM patterns and, as a result, on our m¿
sleep is only about one-fifth of our brains and our health. Thank you P: Cc
sleeping time ... so about 20% ... for listening. Are there any C: Rit
so that means most of our sleep ... questions? Is anyone still awake? sol
about 80% ... is NREM sleep, ar€
when the brain isn't verv active. I§§SONI8.3 RECüRD¡Nü8.5 po
C: Christine, E = Emma, P = Paul Ta
LE§sON 8.1 RECORDINC 8.2
C: OK then, so what shall we do E: So
A : Abolaji, 51 : Student 1, tonight? Emma? What's on at
C: Ul-
52 : Student 2, 53 = Student 3
on
about six o'clock?
sht
A: OK. Turning to the stages of sleep, E: OK, Christine, Iet me see. OK, he
we can identify five stages in a well, there are two things to It's
night's sleep, as you can see on choose from. Both start at six.
Sh
the slide. ln different stages of P: Uh-huh. lau
her E: There's a classical-music concert E: I never laughed when we studied before, but the concert sounds
and and an open-air movie. Shakespeare at school. good because it's in the opera
n ised P: Tell us more at¡out them. C: Well, this show could be good. house.
E: Sure, Paul. So, first, the classical E: Well, l'm more interested in the P: lt's in the opera house?
re nts music concert is Beethoven's Japanese drummers than the E: Yes, didn't I say? Are you more
of sleep. symphony number nine, which one-man theatre show. interested now?
rnt for includes some singing, you know, C: I thought so, but perhaps we P: Yes, I am. I haven't been there yet,
rnd helps in a choir. Then, the open-air shouldn't go to a second music and l'd like to see it at night. They
.REM movie is an lndian film; it's a event. have lots of colourful lights on the
ing our Bollywood film, you know, with E: Hmm, maybe. Paul, which would outside, don't they?
ments loads of songs and dancing. you prefer to go to? E: Yes, they do. lt looks fantastic at
¡rain P: Sounds fun. P: Oh, l'd love to see the drummers. n ight.
rter E: Yes, it does ... and that's the lot. They sound amazing. And it's a C: Creat! Let's go to the concert,
,leep. What would you prefer to do, great chance to see something then. What shall we do after that?
k about Christine? different and unusual. l'd rather E: After that?
sleeping C: Hmm, I don't fancy the movie. see that than a play about
e things l'd prefer to go to the classical Shakespeare. LESSON 8.3 RECORDING 8.7
ro?
'5' concert. What about you, Paul? C: But it says that the play's really C : Christine, E = Emma, P : Paul
P: I think l'd rather see the movie. funny. And how inleresting is two
l'm not that keen on the concert. hours of drumming going to be? C: Creat! Let's go to the concert,
t things. I don't really Iike classical music. E: Oh Christine, l'm sure the Taiko then. What shall we do after that?
rther What about you, Emma, what drumming will be really E: After that?
'eet would you rather do? interesting. l've seen some of it on C: Oh yes, we have to see as much as
rean that E: Well, to be honest, I don't mind. TV, and l'd love to see it live. we can. Paul's not here for long.
t's never The movie sounds good because C: OK, then, let's go and see the Let me tell you what's on later, at
evidence l've never seen a Bollywood film drummers. But tomorrow, no about nine. Cive me the listings
and before, but the concert sounds music, OK? page, Emma.
lives good because it's in the opera E: Well, maybe. Let's see how we E: OK, fair enough.
)r house. feel tomorrow. C: OK, so there are two choices.
C. P: lt's in the opera house? There's a music performance,
Ire E: Yes, didn't I say? Are you more LESSON 8.3 RECORDINC 8.6 called World Beats, and a
r ights interested now? one-man theatre show.
SO P: Yes, I am. I haven't been there yet,
C: Christine, E: Emma, P: Paul P: Co on.
're
not and l'd Iike to see it at night. They C: OK then, so what shall we do C: Right. The music tonight is by
have |ots of colourful lights on the tonight? Emma? What's on at some Japanese drummers. There
:ceeded outside, don't they? about six o'clock? are 45 of them. It says here that it's
is a ven, E: Yes, they do. lt looks fantastic at E: OK, Christine, let me see. OK, powerful and unique. lt's called
;ubject. night. well, there are two things to Taiko Drumming.
der, but C: Creatl Let's go to the concert, choose from. Both start at six. E: Sounds great.
ne then. What shall we do after that? P: Uh-huh. C: Uh-huh, and the second one ls the
rthers E: After that? E: There's a classical-mus¡c concert one-man theatre show. ln this
rÍ sleep C: Oh yes, we have to see as much as and an open-air movie. show, there's only one actor, but
eep is we can. Paul's not here for long. P: Tell us more about them. he plays many different characters.
lreaming Let me tell you what's on later, at E: Sure, Paul. So, first, the classical It's all about the life storv of
lifferent about nine. Cive me the listings music concert is Beethoven's Shakespeare. Apparently, 'r'ou u ill
organ ise page, Emma. symphony number nine, which laugh out loud'.
tem E: OK, fair enough. includes some singing, you know, E: I never laughed when rve studied
ht and C: OK, so there are two choices. in a choir. Then, the open-air Shakespeare at school.
r have a There's a music performance, movie is an lndian film; it's a C: Well, this show could be good.
eping called World Beats, and a one- Bollywood film, you l<now, with E: Well, I'm more interested in the
n our man theatre show. loads of songs and dancing. Japanese drummers than the
nk you P: Co on. P: Sounds fun ... one-man theatre show.
C: Right. The music tonight is by E: Yes, it does, and that's the lot. What C: I thought so, but perhaps we
wake? some Japanese drummers. There would you prefer to do, Christine? shouldn't go to a second music
are 45 of them. lt says here that it's C: Hmm, I don't fancy the movie. l'd event.
; 8.5 powerful and unique. It's called prefer to go to the classical E: Hmm, maybe. Paul, which would
Taiko Drumming. concert. What about you, Paul? you prefer to go to?
Paul
E: Sounds great. P: I th¡nk l'd rather see the movie. P: Oh, l'd love to see the drummers.
do C: Uh-huh, and the second one is the l'm not that keen on the concert. They sound amazing. And it's a
at I don't really Iike classical music. great chance to see something
one-man theatre show. ln this
show, there's only one actor, but What about you, Emma, what different and unusual. l'd rather
CK, he plays many different characters. would you rather do? see that than a play about
It's all about the life story of E: Well, to be honest, I don't mind. Shakespeare.
Shakespeare. Apparently,'you will The movie sounds good because C: But it says that the play's really
laugh out loud'. l've never seen a Bollywood film funny. And how interesting is

157
 AUDIO SCRIPTS
two hours of drumming going to A: No, not much. But I don't really L: Mm, let's see... Yes, they're $100 LESSI
be? mind that. You see, I have to look each. REC(
E: Oh Christine, l'm sure the Taiko after my motherand ... R: A hundred dollars? That seems
L:LO
drumming will be really quite high. :'
T2
interesting. l've seen some of it on T: Cood morning! l'm Tom Carroll. L: Really? I see. How much would
L:C
TV, and l'd love to see it live. C: Hello, Tom. Have a seat. Well, you like to pay?
C: OK, then, let's go and see the you seem to have the longest R: About $85.
w
drummers. But tomorrow, no service record - 17 yearst L: Well, l'm not sure that we
I see.
Lr
music, OK? T: That's right. can go that low, but we can offer
m
E: Well, maybe. Let's see how we C: Well, you're obviously happy you a discount. lt depends on the
o1
feel tomorrow. herel quantity that you order. How
th
T: I am, yes, although it used to be many would you Iike to order?
at
LESSON 8.4 RECORDINC 8.11 more fun. Rr We'd like 550. What discount can
br
C: Why's that? you offer?
Soon, we could see it better, and we it,
T: Well, it was more sociable. L: Well, we can offer a 57o discount
all knew what it was - the ghost of a on 550, but if you order 1,000, we ri{
man! We couldn't move. Before long, I used to go out more with my
m
colleagues, after work and for can offer 1B%.
it was standing next to us, looking at ar
lunch. When I first started here, we R: I see. l'm not sure that we can
us. Then it spoke: 'Do you know what a(
had very long lunch breaks, sell 1,000. What about if we order
time it is?'At that moment, we were ak
sometimes for two hours. Now it's 750?
extremely confused and scared, but th
more like 30 minutes. And we all L: Well, then we can give you a 1Oo/"
then we realised that the ghost was a CC
used the gym together. That discount.
local shepherd - and he didn't have a Hmm, that's still a bit low. How fé
watch! He just wanted to ask us the doesn't happen much now. Rr
m
timel Later, we laughed a lot about C: Did you use to work more as a about 13%?
m
team? L: 13"/o?. l'm afraid we can't offer that
that ghost. fa,
T: Yes, I suppose we did. lt's on 750. However, if you order
T1: C
interesting you mention that. 850, we can give you a 13o/o
LESSON 9.1 RECÜRDING 9.1
We're more on our own now. I d iscount. cl
C: Consultant, A: Anita, T: Tom also used to travel a lot more, too. R: Hmm, 850, well ... L:O
It's not very many more, and the TI
C: Come in. Hello. It's Anita, isn't it? They've cut down on that. L:
of
A: That's right. C: Has anything changed for the discount is good.
er
C: OK, let me just have a look at the better? R: Well, yes, OK then. We'll order
information here ... you work in T: Yes, there are more opportunities 850. o
L: Fine, and we'll give a discount. of
the Marketing Department? to learn new skills and develop ar
A: Yeah. your career. lt's more professional So, the final price is $87 per item.
Creat. Now, what's your normal fir
C: And you've been with the now. Also, they didn't use to pay R:
T2: Fr
company for ... six years. you properly. The money's much delivery time?
A: L: It's usually 30 days after your order. L: Ye
That's right. better now! That's probably why (lr
C: All right, first of all let's talk about l'm still here! R: OK, the standard time. Actually,
AT
your general feelings about your C: What about yourself? Have you we need delivery in two weeks.
Can you do that? fir
job. Do you feel the same way changed at the same time as the ch
now as you did six years ago? company? L: Two weeks? No, l'm afraid we
fo
A: Well, no, not really. I mean, T: No, I don't think so. I think l'm can't do that.
de
I think I used to be more pretty much the same person R: Really?
be
enthusiastic. Maybe it's because I was all those years ago. L: Really. l'm afraid they won't be
ready for delivery by then. Thirty wl
l'm older now. ro
C: Well, you're still only 28. That's LESSON 9.1 RECORDINC 9.2 days is the best we can do.
sa
not exactly oldl R: OK, that'll be fine. Perhaps we can
A: No, I suppose not.
1 She used to work late. change things next time. T1: O
C: What else has changed?
2 Did you use to Bo out more with L: OK, then. So, you order 850 lP4 L: Cr
colleagues? ch
A: I work longer hours now. When
3 He didn't use to listen to me.
music players at $87 per item, and
de
I started, I didn't use to finish we deliver in 30 days. ls that a
work so late. Now, I go home after
4 She didn't use the gym every day. deal? al
seven nearly every day, but I don't
5 They used their opportunities well. R: That's a deal.
think I really achieve any more.
6 Did the company use the results of L: Excellent. ls there anything else SO

the survey? you're interested in? We're offering pr

C: I see. What about the company? ls
m(
it helping you to develop new a great deal on digital cameras at
skil ls?
LESSON 9.3 RECORDINC 9.3 the moment. to
m(
A: Yes, up to a point. l've done one or L = Lu Han, R: Richard R: Really? Oh! What's the deal? If it's
ln
two management training courses a good bargain, I might be
L: So, which of our products are you
interested. Which model ...? Cc
in the last couple of years. I think interested in? tr¿
I'm ready for promotion now. R: OK, well, we're interested in en
C: What about other aspects of the buying some digital music players, inl
job? Do you get the opportunity to the lP4 model. How much are they dr
travel much? per item?
re $100 LI§§ON 9.4 VIDEü
RICüRDINC 9
enls
L= Louise, T1 = Tourist 1,
T2: Tourist 2
,ould
L: Good morning everyone.
Welcome to Lhe Wonderful
at we
World of Chocolate! My name's
n offer Louise and I am your guide this
morning. There's a good number
on the
)\V of you so please come in further,
der?
there are still a couple of seats
unt can at the front ... Now, has anyone
been here before? No? OK, so
SCoU nt it's everybody's first time. All
right, so let me tell you about this
)00, we
morning's tour. It will last about
tan an hour and a half. First of all, l'm
going to tell you a few key things
: order
about the history of chocolate,
ra
-l
Oo/n
then l'll say a Iittle bit about the
company and after that l'll say a
few words about how chocolate is
How
made. All that will take about ten
iier that minutes. Then we'll go round the
factory. How does that sound?
der
r; T1: Creat. Will we taste any
chocolate?
L: Oh, yes. Don't worry about that.
rd the There'll be a chance to taste some
of our delicious products at the
rrder end!
OK. So, Iet's look at the history
runt. of chocolate. To start with, does
:r item anybody know where chocolate
first came from?
rrmal
T2: From Latin America, Ithink.
r order. L: Yes, that's right. It was the Mayans
(who lived in what's now Central
rally,
America and Mexico) who
:eks.
first discovered the delights of
chocolate in about 600AD. They
we
found that they could make a
delicious drink from roasted cocoa
't be beans. Hmm. For those of you
who aren't sure of the meaning of
Th i rty
roasted... it's just another way of
\VC CAN
saying cooked in an oven.
T1: OK...
) lP4 L: Cood. So, the Mayans had their
chocolate drink which they
'm, anc:
lta decided to call 'chocolatl'. lt was
a real luxury because cocoa beans
were very valuable. ln fact, people
sometimes used to give them as
else
presents, or even used them as
offerins
money. Soon, chocolate spread
:ras at
to the Aztec civilisation around
modern Mexico City.
l? If ir's
ln 1517 , the Spaniard, Hernán
Cortés arrived in Mexico. He
?
travelled to meet the Aztec
emperor/ Moctezuma, who
introduced Cortés to his favourite
drink - chocolatl. They served the
drink to Cortés in a cup made of
gold. lf you look at the slide, you
can see them drinking together.
When Cortés returned to Spain
in 1528, he loaded his ships with
cocoa beans and equipment for
making the chocolate drink. Soon
chocolate trecame a popular drink
with rich people in Spain. But it
took nearly 100 years for the news
of cocoa and chocolate to spread
across Europe, as the Spanish kept
it a secret.
ln the 1 7th century, chocolate
houses - Iike coffee shops today
became popular in London
- which is next month, to Chana.
and other European cities. But it
wasn't until the 'l 9th century that
chocolate became cheaper and
available to a large percentage of
the population. Also in the 19th
century, they found a way to make
chocolate hard, solid - to make
the eating chocolate we love todayl
So, that was a very brief history of
chocolate. To sum up, it started as a
drink in Central America, it came to
Europe with the Spanish, it spread
slowly across the continent and
finally became something a lot of
people could afford to eat.
Now, I know you're all very keen to
start the tour, but let's now turn to
the company for just a minute ...
Lt§§{}hi 1*"1 RE{:{}RD}Nü 1L}.i
Fifty countries founded the United
Nations after the Second World War,
.1945,
on the 24th of October to be
exact. After such a terrible war, they
[ounded the UN in order to maintain
world peace and security, to develop
friendly relations tretween countries
and to improve Iiving conditions and
human rights across the world. There
are now 19'l countries in the UN -
that's nearly every country in the world
- and representatives from these
countries meet at the UN headquarters
in NewYork.
For most people, the Secretary Ceneral
of the UN is the face of this massive
organisation. The Secretary Ceneral is
the person that we usually see on the
television news when the UN does
something important. Over the years,
the Secretary Ceneral has come from
many different countries, such as
Egypt, Peru and Sweden, and the
Secretary Ceneral usually changes
every five or ten years.
The UN works in a wide range of
areas, with a general aim lo improve
the lives of ordinary people and to
keep peace in the lvorld. For exanrplc,
the UN helps refugees, helps the
economic develuprnent ur l)oorer
countries and runs the tourl ol'
lnternational lustice. Trvo areas that the
UN is not involved in are
entertainment and rel igious education.
Lr5§(}i\ 1ü.i Kril{}R.§]ihiil rs.3
C : Geofl L: Liz
C: Hi, l'm Ceoff.
L: Hello, Ceoff. Liz. Nice to meet you.
C: Likewise.
L: Thank you for meeting to discuss
your schedule for your first trip,
c: Cood to be here. l'm excited about
this - | hope you're not planning to
make my trip too busy, as it's my'
first one.
L: lt'll be fine, l'm sure. OK, so look
at the first slide and it gives the
plan for the first week. Obviouslr,,
we'll send this to you by email
after we confirm it at this meeting.
C: OK.
L: So, on Saturday, you're flving to
Accra, and Sunday is a rest ciai .
On Monday. you're goirrg lo,r
charity theatre schoc¡l ior chilclrer¡.
C: Sounds interesting. What anr
I doing there?
L: Yes, so, um, at ten, you're nreeting
the drama teachers, then after
Iunch, there's a perform.lnce br
the children. Then, at four, r,or'l're
giving a press conference u ith
S¿ndra Ominga, vour a>sisl,lr'o''
this trip.
C: And the press conference is aboLrt
the theatre school?
L: Yeah, and abolrt the rr ork th.lt our
UN department cloes in the region,
in particular about our ner,r, ,voutir
projects. l'll give vou nrore
information abor-rt that Iater.
G: OK, so, back to the schedule.
What am I doing on Tuesday?
L: Um, hold on, I haven't iinished
telling you about Monday yet.
C: But the press conference is in the
late afternoon, isn't it?
L: Yes, it is, and after that, at six,
you're meeting the Chanaian
Minister for Children, just for
30 minutes.
G: OK, fine.Then l'm going back to
the hotel, right?
L: Um, not exactly. At eight, you're
giving a lecture at the National
Un iversity.
C: A lecture? No one told me about
that before. l'm an actor, not a
professor.
L: Um ...
C: Look, this schedule looks pretty
heavy for the first day, don't you
agree?
L: Well, it's quite normal really.
Other Messengers of Peace often
do more. For example, I know that
next Friday, Midori Coto is doing
six different events.
G: Well, good for her. Let's move on.
At least Sunday was a rest day.
What's happening on Tuesday?
L: OK. Well, first of all, at 1 1, a Iocal
TV crew is coming to your hotel.
G: Notto my room, lhope? I'll
probably be in bed at that time.
L: No, no. The interview will be in
the terrace café. And I meant
.l
1 in the morning.
G: I know, I'm normally still in bed at
that time.
L: Oh, I see.
G: Well, Iguess that's a fairly easy
morning. What am I doing in the
afternoon? I bet you've got a lot
planned.
L: Mmm, yes, the afternoon and
evening are a little brusier.
C: Come on then, tell me the bad
news...
LES§OI§ 1*,2 RLCüRilIh¡C 1ü.5
: Wimbledon tennis centre. ln addition,
I lnterviewer, S: Speaker
l: Why was the name Apple chosen
for the new company?
S: Well, it seems that Steve Jobs had
some good memories of working
one summer on an apple farm in
Oregon. AIso, at the time - 1976
- the most important technology
company was Atari. The founders
of Apple wanted their company to
appear before Atari in the phone
book, which was organised
alphabetically. This was important
for a business back then. So the
name Apple was good because it
came before Atari in the phone
book. So those are the reasons
Apple got its interesting name.
l: How many Apple I computers
were built?
S: Only about 200. They were made
by Steve Wozniak - by hand. But
the sale of 50 of those computers
to a local computer store really
started Apple on the road to
success. Of course, the following
year, the Apple ll was launched,
and millions of them were sold.
l: Who was the Apple logo created by?
S: It was done by a guy called Rob
Janoff. The whole process only
took about two weeks. Rob only
prepared one design, and Steve ambition, is to inspire young people LT5§C
Jobs immediately approved it. The across the world to play sport, and to
apple has a bite in it so you can include them in the Olympics at all
s:spr
get a sense of its scale, or size. times. For example, children will be
A1 :A
Without the bite, you might think the main performers in the opening
A2: A
it was a cherry! The idea of the ceremony. We will do whatever we S: Co
rainbow colours was to make the can to inspire children to choose sport, inv
products more human, more wherever they live, whatever they do. tall
friendly. You see, Steve Jobs These will be a truly memorable Iarl
wanted the computers to be Cames. A Cames that will inspire wh
attractive to schoolch i Idren. young people to believe in the thir
Also, the company wanted a Olympic ideal. pe(
colourful new logo because the I will now tell you about the
tN'
new Apple ll computer could Pe¡
incredible sports venues, the fantastic
show images in colour. athletes' accommodation and the
pol
I: Why was the advert for the we
excellent transport system, which are
Macintosh liked by many people? all key aspects of a successful Olympic
per
S: lt was a very creative ad. lt was Cames.
lik«
based on the novel 19B4by lml
George Orwell and, of course, the LT§§üI!'ICI"3 RTCüRÜINC 1*"7
a8(
year was 1984. ln the novel, ratl
Orwell gives us a vision of a future Firstly, we'll build an Olympic Park in l'm
society that's controlled by a the east of London and, in this park, abr
powerful leader called Big Brother. there will bre spectacular new sports all,
It's really a nightmare vision. venues. For instance, world-famous IN-
Ordinary people have no freedom architect Zaha Hadid will design the abt
in this society. In the ad, you see swimming pool. Another example is yol
this young woman, fighting back the athletics stadium, which will wh
against the system. She destroys a have 80,000 seats. at¡
TV image of Big Brother. She's As well as the Olympic Park, we'll use AIt
wearing a white vest with an existing world-class venues such as wa
Apple Macintosh computer on it. Wembley football stadium and inr
But many people believed that the i ntr
ev(
advert was an attack on another the marathon running race will be on
company that was competing with the historic streets of London with Vir
Apple * the computer giant lBM. difl
many famous buildings and places: for
l: When was the first Apple store example, Big Ben and Buckingham b"f
me
opened outside the USA? Palace. The Cames will look wonderful
S: Er ... Iate 2003 ... November or8
on TV screens around the world.
2003,1think. lt was in Japan, in a the
Secondly, next to the Olympic Park,
smart part of Tokyo called Cinza. we will build the Olympic Village for
tN'
The next year, the first Apple store he.
the athletes' accommodation, which
in Europe was opened, in London. ren
will be comfortable and spacious. They
l: Which other companies were 19i
will have all modern facilities, for
admired in 20122. tol
instance free WiFi and personal
S: Well, there were a lot of American ,A1: Sor
shower rooms. The athletes will Iive
companies in the list! After Apple, ple
just a short walk from the swimming
there was Coogle, Amazon, the
pool and athletics stadium. They'll be
Coca-Cola and - yes - IBM! ln the right at the centre of the Olympic
S: OK
top 20, nearly all the companies be:
experience.
were American. Now, that might IN
Turning now to transport, there are orE
be because the people who make already nine train lines and 25 bus
these Iists are often Americans m€
routes in the Olympic Park area, and
themselves! But in the list of the 40 we will continue to improve this Pgl
most admired companies, there tha
transport service. A good example of nir
were one or two European this is the new high-speed train line
companies, like Volkswagen and se(
which we are building. This train will or€
Nestlé, and a couple of Asian take only seven minutes to travel from
Na
companies - Toyota and Samsung. central London to the Olympic Park,
opl
which is incredibly quick. During the 36
Lr§§*ru 1S.3 RECüRDEhtC 1ü.6 OIympics, all public transport in the
tha
Hello, everyone. First, we want to city will be free for people who are sid
deliver a magical experience, with an part of the Cames, for example the
off
electrifying atmosphere for competitors athletes, the volunteers and the Fre
and spectators. Our aim, or special spectators.
)ople LESSON 10.4 RECORDINC 10.10 seven regional offices around the world a safer place for you and your
lnd to world. ln all, we have about 650 families. Thank you for listening.
It all S : Speaker, staff. Yes, that's right - perhaps 650 hope those of you at the back could
I

ill be A1 : Audience member 1, doesn't sound a lot to you. But that hear me. Are there any questions?
ning
A2 : Audience member 2 figure is just for the staff in Lyon A.2: Yes, do you think organisations
rwe S: Good evening. Thank you for and the regional offices. Each like INTERPOL have too much
,e Sport, inviting me here this evening to member country also has its own information about us - the public?
rey do. talk about INTERPOL, the world's INTERPOL office. The staff there For example, everywhere \\'e go,
e largest police organisation. Now, come from the national police there are cameras taking
ire what do you think of when you force. Don't forqet that most photographs of us. And people are
think of INTERPOL? A lot of INTERPOL officers stay in their own listening to our phone
people get their image of country, and don't spend their time conversations without our
INTERPOL from books or films. travelling the world fighting crime, permission. There's no prir,'ate
Perhaps they think of a French as they do in the books and films! space any more. What's vour
ntastic
policeman from the 1960s, 41: Speak up, please! opinion about this?
he
ch are
wearing a long pale coat. Or S: Fine. Fine, I don't want to shout, S: Hmm, now that's a very interestinS
perhaps they think of something though. Well, er, where was l? Yes, and important question. Let me see
)lympic Iike a James Bond film, or Mission in the final part of my talk, l'm if I can give you a short answer ...
lmpossible, with beautiful secret going to say something about what
G 10.7
agents. Actually, INTERPOL is INTERPOL does. Basically, we help LESSON 11.1 RECORDINC 11.1
rather different to this, and tonight police forces catch criminals. But,
l'm going to give you an idea P :
Presenter, N1 : Newscaster 1,
Park in and I must draw your attention te : Newscasfer 2,
about the real INTERPOL. First of N2
park, this, we never break the law in any
all, l'll say a little about N3 : Newscaster 3
ports country. One of our priorities is
10us INTERPOL's history. Then l'll talk problems connected with drugs. P: l've known about global \\ar-' ^:
about INTERPOL today; l'lltell for at least 20 years, ancl to ir¿
¡n the Another important area is trafficki Dg
ple is you how it's organised and, finally, in human beings - people honest, I haven't been rer,.
il what it does. There'll be some time trafficking - especially women and worried about it. I ur¡cler.-- :
at the end for questions. children from developing countries.
Although the idea for INTERPOL We also take a great interest in warming, but I dirln': t:' '
'e'll use
big problem. Thel, tal'rt. ,
:h as was born in 191 4 at a conference public safety and terrorism. Another -'
in Monaco, the First World War key priority is financial crime. lemperalure chanqe , '
interrupted its development. lt was Why? Because criminals are using degrees. That dicin't SE=-- :
Jdition,
eventually created in 1923, in new technology to get information problem to me in t.:.
be on
,ith Vienna, Austria, although it had a such as passwords or credit-card it might make the L lr -,
different name at that time. ln the details through the internet. to live. Maybe volr (:
rces: for
breginning, there were fourteen A1: Why don't they give her a However, also like ¡- -
ham
nrember countries. The work of the microphone? you've noticed a srq'- -
onderfu I
organisation was interrupted by S: So, how can we catch these increase in nelvs stl " -.-
c.
the Second World War. ln I946, criminals? Well, the most important N1: ll's oflicial. Accor<: --
Park,
rge for
INTERPOL reappeared with a new thing we do is to run a global BovernmenI stati= . i
headquarters in Paris, and it has Iice communication SO
has been the rr et ...:'
v.hich
remained in France since then. ln police around the world can share 19)9.|t has rair.-
us. They
1989, the headquarters was moved information about crime and the second of Jur'.
N2: The drought jr ''
for
to Lyon, where it is today. criminals. The system allows police
I
A1: Sorry, could you speak up a little, in one country to check the US continues. T
I live rainfallfor 96
please? We can't hear very well at databases of police in another c:-,
rming
the back. country. INTERPOL itself manages temperalures r: . -
ry'll be
ric
S: OK, sorry about that. l'll do my several databases, including names have been ler , .

best. Now let's look at the modern and photos of criminals, usual.
INTERPOL. First of all, how is it fi ngerpri nts, etc. Another i mportaryt
N3: South-East ,{: .
are -l90
organised? INfERPOL now has thing we do is to provide training the worst tle,, , '
bus member countries. And let me courses for national police forces, record-break -.
l, and point out that it's those countries monsoon se¿.:
is
and organ ise i nternational
that pay for itl A hundred and conferences on crime. United Nati¡.-.-
ple of ninety countries - that makes it the situation ...
So there we are. To conclude, we
line second bi ggest i nternational can say that INTERPOL is about 90 P: ln the pa.t
in will organisation after the United clim¿te t r. -
el from years old and has grown a lot from
Nations. The headquarters in Lyon lhe organisation that was set up in seeing tl-e -"
Park, global ten.:,='
operates twenty-four hours a day, Vienna in 1923. Today, our
ng the global rr a'^-
365 days a year. Staff from more headquarters is in Lyon, France,
n the
than eighty countries work side by and 190 countries are members. increase ir.'
) are And horr '..
side, using the organisation's four We f-ighr internalional crime using
the
official languages: Arabic, English, modern technology. We do I went to ----'
French and Spanish. There are also everything we can to mal<e the Set sonre..-:
 AUDIC §CR¡PTS
LI:S§*N 11"1 Rr{:üR*tN{, "i'1.2
S : Scientist, P= Presenter
S: Well, across the globe, there has
certainly been an increase in the
frequency of heatwaves and of
periods of heavy rain. I think this
a result of global warming.
Basically, the increase in average
global temperature increases the
risk of extreme weather events
occurring. For example, since
1 950, heatwaves have become
much more common - 30 times
more Iikely, in fact. Remember,
though, l'm talking about the
frequency of these events, not their
size or strength. We will have
more heatwaves, but they won't all
be hotter than before.
P: That was Professor Spratt of
lmperial College explaining that
there has been an increase in
extreme weather; we're not
imagining it. Floods and droughts
have become more common
because heatwaves and rainstorms
have become more frequent.
Basically, the risk, or chance, of
extreme rainfall or drought is
increasing.
So, what about hurricanes and
tornadoes? The research data also
shows an increase in the frequency
of hurricanes and tornadoes over
the last 30 years. Some scientists
question this data. One of them is
Dr Baxter of ...
tls§{}ru 11.1 Rlil{}**l;.ilü 1"1.3
S = Scientist, P= Presenter
P: And so how will this increase in
heatwaves and heavy rainfall affect
our Iives? Here's Professor Spratt
again.
S: Different countries in different
parts of the world wi II experience
different consequences. For
instance, some countries will have
serious shortages of water. There is
one problem that will affect the
whole globe, and that is a global
increase in the cost of basic food.
For example, the global price of
wheat has risen by 30% since last
year. This is because the droughts
and floods have a negative effect
on food production. In the US this
summer/ the worst drought for
50 years has destroyed almost half
of the corn crop.
Overall, there will be significant
social, technological and
economic change. However, there
are still many things we can do in
order to reduce global warming, Rememb¡er - this show is tn
such as using solar power. If we interactive, so if you want to
Jo
reduce global warming, then we'll comment on anything, or ask a P:\
slop extreme weather becoming question, just send your emails to ll
normal weather. brightinthemorning - that's all one IiI
word - @fivethirtytv.com. The at
is Lt§5*3{ 1X,3 iArC{}ñ*tN{, 11.4 address is on your screen now/ bi
and Nikki over there will receive ol
P=Poppy/R=Rick all your emails. Morning, Nikki. is
P: Right then, so, the next project is N: Hi, Darren. ei
Wild City. What do you think of D: Our first topic this morning is sport
this one? and in particular minority sports. to
R: Well, the best thing is that it's With me in the studio are Lesley SF
definitely a green project. I mean, Diggot-Blake, the Minister for C
you can't get much greener than a Sport the journalist and af
wildlife park, can you? commentator Peter Jones, and the in
P: lndeed, you can't. And it certainly actress Keri Miller. Welcome to di
makes the Iocal area a better place you all. oJ
to live, doesn't it? GUESTS: Morning/Cood morning. cI
R: Mm-hm. Urban wasteland areas D: There's a letter in the papers this SF
really ruin any local area - they morning from Michaela Scrivin, th
make the whole place feel unloved
and dirty.
the World Dragon-Boat o
Champion. Michaela wants more
P: Exactly. So, what about the other investment in minority sports and th
points on the guidelines? The more stories about them in the th
project solves a problem, doesn't media. Then, she says/ we would th
it? Getting rid of the wasteland.
And of course, it involves local
be more successful in international D:A
competitions. Lesley Diggot-B Iake, ht
people working together. what do you think? Would we be PI
R: Sure. But there are a couple of better at minority sports if we spent ki
points that it doesn't meet, aren't more money on them? SC
there? L: To be honest, I was a little ki
P: Well, yes, but that's quite normal, surprised when I saw Michaela's
isn't it?
comments, because this S¡
R: Sure, but this project needs 1 0,000 government has actually invested a th
dollars a year. And we can't really lot of money in minority sports
give them that much money. over the last few years - last year, h(
P: No, that's true. What do you think for example, f60 million was m
they need that money for? spent on new facilities around the br
R: Well, I reckon it's to pay for the country. Also, people doing these ju
local people who'll look after the
park.
minority sports are using a lot of K: Ai
excellent facilities that were built rh
P: Hmm. I guess so. Well, they could for the London 2012 Olympics. e)
do it unpaid, couldn't they?
There was something else that e¿
R: Hmm, perhaps, but we've seen surprised me. Michaela suggests Ir
that fail before, haven't we? lf no
that our sportsmen and women to
one gets any money at all, then haven't been very successful in
aÍ
things Iike parks soon look bad. minority sports in recent years. But n(
You know, there's more litter r /Ou
think about London 2012. Most lu
start getting graffiti, that kind of Olympic sports are in fact minority
C(
thing. sports, and our results were
tl/
P: Mmm, yes, that's all true. Why fantastic. Can I say, though, that L-
don't we offer 4,000 dollars per
year, for five years?
success isn't just about D:O
government money ... G
R: Yes, that's fine. Right, well, there's D: All right, sorry to interrupt, we'll Br
one more point that the project
come back to you later, but
doesn't meet. we've got our first email. lt's from
P: ls there? Which one? _L§9s(
Rod, in Brighton. Rod says:
'What can you read about judo M:I
Lr55üru X2"1 í{[C{}§{§}ii{{, "¡2.1
in the newspapers? AImost M: \\
D: Darren, N : Nikki, L: Lesley, nothing. Can you see badminton
P : Peter, K: Keri on TV? Fat chance! The media is lo
only interested in football. If the th
D: Welcome back. l'm Darren Bright,
p(
and as usual at this time, we're media showed more interest in
Iooking at today's papers. other sports, kids would want to A:C
 try them.' Peter Jones, you're a M:
o journalist, what's your view?
ska P: Well, I couldn't agree more.
ails to I think it's a great pity some sports,
allone Iike football, get so much media
-he
attention, while others, like
ow, badminton or table tennis, are
rceive often ignored. And this problem
I i kki. isn't going away any time soon,
either.
is sport A few years ago, the BBC decided
ports. to stop Crandstand - its famous
esley sports programme. I used to watch
'or Crandstand on Saturday
afternoons when I was a kid, and it
nd the introduced me to all kinds of
le to different sports. Without that kind
of programme, kids won't have the
18. chance to watch those minority
s this sports. However, there's no doubt
ivin, that during the London 2012
Olympics, people in this country
,more watched a lot of different sports on
ts and their TVs. We have to make sure
the that they can continue to do so in
,vould the future.
lational D: AII right, we've got another email
rBlake, here. lt's from Heather in
we be Plymouth. Heather says: 'l think
/e spent kids should do a lot more sport at
school. l've heard that in Sweden,
kids have ten hours of sport a
rela's week. lf I was the Minister for
Sport, l'd give every schoolchild
vested a the opportunity to do a much
orts wider range of sports. What about
t year, hockey or judo for all? lf they had
AS more opportunities, they wouldn't
nd the be so unhealthy.' Keri, hockey and
judo at every school?
i these
Iot of K: Absolutely. lt's really important
Right, well, here's the first
question: lf you took an exam next
week, would you: A) feel annoyed
if your friends got higher marks
than you, B) care a little if your
friends' marks are higher, or C)
have no interest in your friends'
scores?
A: Well ... that's a difficult one ...
I mean, l'd be happy for my
friends, but l'd also want to do
better than them. l'd definitely be
interested in my friends' scores.
M: So, which would you do? A, B
or C?
A: Right. Er, let me see ... I think
I'd do A, I would feel annoyed, trut
annoyed with myself, not with my
friends.
M: OK, and the next question: lf you
wanted to go on a day trip, would
you: A) ask many friends to go
with you, B) ask a friend to go with
you, or C) go on your own?
A: Well, l'm afraid I don't really go
on day trips. l'm too busy.
M: I understand, but if you did, what
would you do? A) go with many
friends, B) go with one friend, or
C; go on your own.
A: OK, well, Iet me think ... well, to
be honest, I'd do B - I don't like to
do things on my own, but also big
groups can be annoying. You
know, no one can decide what to
do, or you can't do what you want
to do.
M: Fine. And finally: lf you went on a
weekend trip to a foreign city,
would you: A) book nothing in
advance and just go, B) book
LESSON 12.3 RECORDINC 12.3
SM = Dr Sophia Mannit, A = Alex
M: Right, well, that's great. Thank ', r, -
for that. Would you like to kno,,,.
what your answers mean?
A: Yes, I would. Can you tell me
now?
M: Sure, let's see. You chose A ior:he
first question, which shou,s rou re
very competitive. Let me check ...
yes, you chose B for the seconcl
one, you would ask a friend to E,,,
with you, which shows you're
quite social. As you said, y,ou cJc,^
like to do things on your o\\'n.
Finally, you chose B for the thir:
question, the one about holicla'.
planning, which means vou liie .
little risk, but not too much.
A: I guess that's quite true about :-=
although l'm not too competi . =
I hope. I mean, I always like:-
have fun when playing spo:
although team sports can be
annoying.
M: l'm sure, and from these á-!,, :-:
Ithink you'd like sports sL:- .::
badminton or squash, be:. -..
competition is verr in.:r -. "'
you. But sports which i.-: ^- '-:
individual, like swinrr-- -.
not be so good for ro¡.
A: Really? Well, the onlr sr - --
is tennis, and I love th¿
M: Well, that's a Compe" .-. :
isn't it?
A: lndeed.
M: And have you eveT'--
sports?
A: No, I haven't. \A'hr :' -

: built that kids get the chance to M: Well, the results o'''
accommodation in advance, but questionnaire ¿lso - - --.
rics. experience different sports from an -
not plan your sightseeing, or C)
'lat early age. like a little risk. S,.
gests I was really lucky because I went
book accommodation in advance enjoy white-u atr ' -' -
-
and plan your visit in detail.
nen to a school where we did hockey climbing.
¡l in
A: Hmm, that's a tricky question ... A: Rock climbing:. r
and fencing and archery, but l'm not sure, really. I mean,
ars. But nowadays, most kids aren't so from vertigo; l'r' -
I wouldn't do A, but, l'm not sure M: Really?
vlost lucky. Most schools just about B or C.
ninoriW concentrate on the same one or A: Really.
M: OK, well, can you remember your M: lsee,andhar(. -.
two, you know, football, last holiday or trip?
that basketball... psychologist a:
D: OK, here's another email from
A: Uh-huh. Let me think ... um, always wantec '
I'd do B, more or less. I would experiments alr --
Careth in Cardiff. He says: 'ln
make some plans, but perhaps not
we'll Britain, we think ...'
in detail. LESSON 12.4 RECORT ¿.b
12.3 M: Right, well, that's great. Thank you
s from LESSON RECORDINC 12.2
for that. Would you like to know T: Tutor, 51 : Student 1.
M: Dr Sophia Mannit A: Alex what your answers mean? 52 = Student 2, 53 : Student 3,
udo
A: Yes, I would. Can you tell me 54 = Student 4, 55 : Student 5
M: Well, Alex, the interview starts
inton with a shofl questionnaire now? T: Yes, that's a ven good point,
looking at your personality, and Nicole. OK, norr', let's have a look
dia is
then we'll talk more about your at the next problem. OK, it says
f the
personal experience of sport. here: 'l'm otten late tor
;t in
A: OK. appointments, or sometimes I miss
nt to
appoi ntments completely.' Would

1(r3
 anyone Iike to say something 54: Yes, decide what you need to do
about this? now/ or later today, and what you
51: Yes, keep a diary which clearly can leave until tomorrow, or even
shows all your appointments ... next week.
and classes. T: Yes, good. Remember too: maybe
52: That's right, but it's not enough there are some things that aren't
just to have a diary. We need to important at all. It's a bad idea to
make sure we look at it. Check waste time on them. And it's
your diary last thing at night and important to allow time for things
lirst thing in the morning. you don't expect, and for
T: Absolutely. You should also write emergencies. Perhaps this is the
all the homework you have to do moment to say something about
in the diary - not on pieces of making lists. You probably make
paper that you can lose easily. shopping Iists of things you need
Cood. Now, next problem: to buy. Make a list of things you
'l spend a lot of time looking for need to do as well. When you
my notes. I can never find reduce allthe things to one piece
anything.' of paper, it doesn't seem so
51: Yeah, I was like that last year. difficult. When you've done the
The best thing is lo organise your things on your list, cross them off.
files, using colour codes and lab¡els It's a nice feeling! However, be
- so you can find things easily. realisticl Don't put a Iot of big
I don't have any trouble any more. things on your list when you know
T: Thanks, Riz. So ... these things you can't do them all. So, read one
show how important it is to be chapter of your textbook instead of
well-organised. OK, let's take three chapters. Putting smaller
another problem. This one says: things on your Iist means that you
'l sometimes study for a long time, can achieve them, and this makes
but I don't feel I'm learning you feel good. AII right, what's the
anything. I read the material, but next question?
nothing's happening - it's not
going in.' Right. Has anyone got
any suggestions? Yes, Tim.
53: Basically, it isn't a good idea to
study for long periods at a time
without a break. lt's better to do a
little at a time.
T: That's right. Be nice to yourselves!
When you finish something - an
essay, for example - give
yourselves a break, do something
for fun: go for a walk, or watch a
film. This can make you work
better before and after the break.
And another thing - it's important
that you can concentrate on your
studies. You can't work well when
the phone's ringing every five
minutes. Don't forget, too, it's
important to know when you study
best. Do you study best in the
morning, in the afternoon, in the
evening or late at night?
Everybody's different. We need to
study at a time that suits us.
54: Oh, that's interesting. I have never
thought of that.
55: Yeah, maybe some people study at
the wrong time of day for their
body clock.
T: OK, let's take another one ...
'l can't finish all the things I need
to do in the day.'
S1&4: Prioritisel
 IRRTCU!_AR VERB L!ST

S(
C{
was/rvere Ieave left Ieft
lnl
become became Iet let Iet for
asi
begin began lose lost lost
finr
break broke make made made knc
yoL
bri n8 brought rou tht mean meant meant
yoL
bui d l¡u ilt meet met met

b uy bought bought pay paid paid

II\
can cou ld been able put put put

catch caught caught read /ri:.d/ read /red/ read /red/ CO

choose chose chosen ride rode ri dden §r

come came come ring rang rung p

cost CoSt cost run ran run b

d drg drg say said said t

do did done see saw seen d

d raw drew drawn sell sold sold k

drink drank dru nk send sent se nt q

d nve drove driven sh rne shone shone rJ

eat ate eaten show showed show n d5

fall fell fall en sing sang su ng f
feed fed fed sit sat sat

feel felt felt sleep slept slept e

find found found spea k spo ke spo ken é

flv flew own spend spent spent

fo rget forgot fo rgotte n stand stood stood VO'

get got got steal stole sto Ien

give Save gi ven SW m swam SWUM i:

8o went 80n e/been take too k taken I

Srow grew Srown teach taugh taugh e

have had had tel to d to d d

hear heard hearrd thi nk thou o hr

tr tho U tht o:
hold held held th row th rew th rown D

hurt hurt hurt u nderstand understood understood ):

keep kept kept wear wore worn U

know knew kn own win won won u:

learn learned/learnt : learned/learnt write wrote written

CI
 ¡ r r\_-/r r!.-, rL \J¡ I/ lt\t J

I SOU N D_SPTLLING -¡-

CORRESPONDENCES i this listen

ln English, we can spell the same sound in different ways, /t/ v gym typical
for example, the sound /i:/ can be 'ee', as in green,'ea' ui build guitar
as in read or 'ey' as in key. Students of English sometimes e pretty
find English spelling difficult, but there are rules, and ee green sleep
knowing the rules can help you. The chart below gives ie niece believe
you the more common spellings of the English sounds ea read teacher
you have studied in this book. /i:/ e these complete
ey k"y money
ei receipt receive
ENCLISH PHONEMES i police

/a/ a can man pasta land

a can't dance*
ar scarf bargain
/o:/ al half
p park s sel I
au aunt laugh
b bath Z zoo ea heart

t tie f freslh u fun sunny husband

/r/ o some mother month
d die measu re
3 ou cousi n double younB
k cat h hot o hot pocket top
/o/ watch what want
I b VC m mine a

tl ch U rch 1
n not or short sport store
judge
ou your course bought
d3 ii ! sing
au daughter taught
f few 1 lot /¡'./ al bald small always
aw draw jigsaw
V view r road
ar warden warm
e throw j ye low oo f loor indoor

ó they w warm i like time island

v dry shy cycle
ie fries die tie
!t.rrrl.r-,1
/aú igh light high right
ei height
ey eyes
feet AU gold uy bry
I fit al by a Iake hate shave
ai wait train straight
e bed AU brown ay play say stay
/el
a bad )I boy ey they Srey obey
ei eight r,r,eight
o: bath IE here
ea break
bottle ee hair
D
o home cold open
bought UE sure /aa/ ow show throw own
oa coat road coast
U book ere player

u: boot aua Iower * ln American English the sound in rvords Iike can't and d.rnce is
tl¡e /e/ sound, Iike can and man.
but aIa tired
^
bird aua f Iower

a brother )re employer

CI Srey 1 huppy

167
h
k
ABOUT THE AUTHORS

The
G.
Co

§¡

Fid
68:
5€t ¡

¡le ¿
maae
¡-oSo
Elementary, Pre-intermediate and Advanced levels
Tcrt
Gareth Rees studied Natural Sciences at the University of Cambridge. Having Far left: Simon Kent 9. 8-
taught in Spain and China, he currently teaches at the University of the Arts, Centre left: David Falvey trg¡
London. As well as teaching English, he is an academic English course leader, Centre: Careth Rees kar:
and unit leader on courses in cross-cultural communication for the London Centre right; Ian Lebeau co-ul
Far right: David Cotton Burkr
College of Fashion. He has also developed English language materials for the
and I
BBC World Service Learning English section, and he makes films which appear
in festivals and on British television.

Ian Lebeau studied Modern Languages at the University of Cambridge and

did his MA in Applied Linguistics at the University of Reading. He has thirty-
five years' experience in ELT - mainly in higher education - and has taught in
Spain, Italy and Japan. He is currently Senior Lecturer in English as a Foreign
Language at London Metropolitan University.

so
)Prt
lntermediate, Upper lntermediate and Advanced Ievels
or¡l

David Cotton studied Economics at the University of Reading and did an Pt¡ú
MA in French Language and Literature at the University of Toronto. He has IlÉ I
over forty-four years teaching and training experience, and is co-author of the Fm
successful Market Leader and Busrness C/ass course books. He has taught in ,Ker:
Canada, France and England, and has been visiting lecturer in many universities Alrr
overseas. Previously, he was Sen ior Lecturer at London Metropolitan U n iversity. {-r. R
He frequently gives talks at EFL conferences. t\¡\tT
,\tax I

David Falvey studied Politics, Philosophy and Economics at the University Fq

Co-K(
of Oxford and did his MA in TEFL at the University of Birmingham. He has
lived in Africa and the Middle East and has teaching, training and managerial Corli
Brck
experience in the UK and Asia, including working as a teacher trainer at the
lake (
British Council in Tokyo. He was previously Head of the English Language Bart
Centre at London Metropolitan University. David is co-author of the successful Hann
business English course Market Leader. lmagi
t¿r¡tir
Simon Kent studied History at the University of Sheffield, and also has an ro,D
M.A in History and Cultural Studies. He has over twenty-five years' teaching Rakut
experience including three years in Berlin at the time of Cerman reunification. 90ct
Simon is co-author of the successful business English course Market Leader. fcsx
He is currently Senior Lecturer in English as a Foreign Language at London {getx
Metropol itan Un iversity.
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BrA Language
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. Meet the Expert authentic video interviews u,iilr ii-.ading

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COMPONENTS
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