6a Coordinates in four quadran' Coordinate grids often look like this: The point P is at (2, 4). The point A Is at (5, 3) You count across first, then up. This gives the x-coordinate, then the y-coordinate. yi 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 01234567 890% You can extend the x-axis into negative numbers, y) The point R is at (-4, 3). 16 oy HE 4 left 3up 1 The point S tea ia I I it 2 left 4up 8765432101234 56781 You can also extend the y-axis into negative numbers. There are now 4 quadrants in the coordinate grid. y pee 3) Ais (3, 2 4 left 3up 3 right 2up 7 Cis (2, °3) aE Dis (4, -2) 3 down 4 right 2 down Give the coordinates of the point E on the grid above. It is at 4 left, then 2 down, 4 -2 —» (-4, -2) © Algebra’ GraphsJi = Exercise 6a 4 What points will you find at these 3. The green rectangle is reflected in the coordinates? y-axis to give the blue rectangle. a (53) b (5,2) © (-2,4) Give the coordinates of the corners of: a (24) (6,5) f (6,5) a. the green rectangle ¥ b the blue rectangle. UA ae 5. - La eek“ 5 cae ( | FoeS4S210123 4567 FHsaSPT01I2I ESOT * 2. Use the grid in question 4 to give coordinates for: aw bX cy az Problem solving 4 What letters have these coordinates? a (11,2) b (-8,6) © (-5,-6) d (7,-4) (10, -4) f (6,6) 9 (6,-6) h (-11,3) i o(i1-6) 5 4) What do the letters spell? y % et @ MyMaths cou ©6b Coordinates and straight lines | Jamie is making patterns with coordinates: ‘These coordinates ty his one He tries this one. end in a straight line, vi vA 8 - {a as 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 | > ot > 7 01234567* 012345678" He writes out the coordinates. The y-coordinate is The numbers are 0, 0) (0, 2) ic 4 the same in each pair (1,3) 2 more than the a (2,4) coordinate (3, 3) G,5) y-coordinate = x-coordinate + 2 He names the line y = x + 2 This is its equation. y-coordinate = x-coordinate He names the line y = x. This is its equation. List the five coordinates shown on the purple line. 4 b Complete this sentence: The y-coordinates are 2 ......,. the x-coordinates, ¢ Write a name of the line. y= a 0.0) (2) @4) @0) 4,8) b The y-coordinates are 2 times the x-coordinates, © ys2xx or yx2x Match each equation with the set of coordinates that belong to it y=3x yox-1 y=x+3 a (0, -1), (2, 1), (4,3) b (0,3), (1,4),(2,5) (1, 3), (2, 6), (3, 9) a y-Coordinate = x-coordinate -I, 60 the equation is yexed b y-coordinate = x-coordinate +3, $0 the equation is y = x + 3 © y-eoordinate = 3 times the x-coordinate, so the equation is y = 3x, © Algebra Graphspeercise 6b List the coordinates of points on y 3? | the red line i i the blue line. Corer 01234567 b Write two sentences to describe how the x-coor Use the sentences to name each line. eee er at ee 2 a Use centimetre squared paper to draw axes like these. b Plot these three sets of coordinates, . y-coordinate. ms (They make three separate lines.) Line A : (0,4) (1,5) (2,6) Line B : (0,0) (1,1) (2,2) (3,3) (4,4) (5,5) Line (0,0) (1,4) (2,8) ¢ Write the equation of each line. d- Which of the three lines would these coordinates belong to, if the lines were made longer? (8,12) (12, 12) (16,20) (4,8) ee NER aare mx 0123456 3. Match each equation with the set of coordinates that belong to it. You don't lave to draw One has been done for you. y he line every time! yox (0,-1) (1,0) (2,1) (3,2) gt yox4+4 (0,0) (1, 4) (2,2) (3,3) 5 yox42 (0,0) (1,2) (2,4) (3,6)—_ 4 yam “2 (0.2) (2,3) (2,4) (3,5) : y= 2 (0,4) (1,5) (2,6) (3,7) : yex-1 (2,2) (3,4) (4,6) (5,8) of +s 0123 Problem solving 4 lineAisy=x+8 You will need to extend the axes. line Bisy=3xx Jack thinks that they will cross at the point @ Copy and complete Jack's two lists of coordin see if he is right. Line A: (0,8) (1,9) (2,10) (3, » Line B: (0,0) (1,3) (3, « : Is Jack right—will the lines cross at @MyMaths cau it with coordinates (4,8). ates to (4,8)?«this rule for scrambled e995 Clarissa use’ Clarissa uses this function machine to find the number of eggs needed: he can write the inputs and outputs in table. (x-coordinate) (y-coordinate) 4,4 26 G8) (10) pairs: irs of values are coordinates for the graph. The pal (number of people, number of eg9s) (1, 4) (2, 6) (3, 8) (4, 10) Clarissa plots the pairs on a grid and joins the points to make a straight line. Sometimes it’s helpful to put extra rows in the table. 0123456 Number of people ‘a Use this function machine to complete the table. 1[2]3][4[5l6 x-coordinate xx3 +2. y-coordinate | 2 x ry ' nolo b What is the equation of the line? 3 [x-coordinateo [1 [2 [3 [4 [5 [u xxF o |e {u [4 fa i5 fie A 2 APA ig y-coordinate |2 15 [8 | |i4|n [20 man ae a b y=3x+2 @ Algebra Graphspeercise ee © a cory and complete this table for the function machi lachine, 4 ree : phe) of2y4 = the table to write the y pb use coordinate pair r (0,0) (2s 2) (2, 4) 0 Pairs up toinput=5. 49 plot the coordinates onto axes like these. 8 § Join the points with a straight line an 6 of the line. \d name the equation 4 2 0. use the function machine to find the values for the table. 01 x x2 = +1 y b Copy and complete the values for the table. ij2[3i¢@ ¢ Write out the coordinate pairs. 4. Plot the pairs on a grid like this. e Join the points with a straight line and name the equation of the line. 5 Caleulate the y-coordinates for each table using the two function machines. 23 4* | 3. Es ojit [2{3]4 {5 Ixx3 * o|3 z ¥ [a saleapea[ sa [+a [ +244 Problem solving 4 Afunction machine for the x- See This graph shows two points coloured blue and two points coloured red. One of the colours does not belong on the graph. Which colour is it? @MyMaths.os and y-coordinates on a graph is: |6d Horizontal and vertical graphs Emily is making some different patterns with coordinates. She tries this one ... «and this one. y y wot wt et 9 94> 8 8 7 t 7 6 =| 6 r 5 5 4 a 4 FF 3 - 3 2 2 T 1 - 1 0 ~ - f,. ot Aa 01234586769 S12 346673 92 She writes out the coordinates. (0, 4) Every y-coordinate (8, 0) Every x-coordinate i (1) 8% (2,4) (8, 2) This line is called y = 4, This line is called x = 8. © Horizontal lines have equation y = a number © Vertical lines have equation x = a number List the coordinates of any three y You can say two lines points shown on the lines A ands. 10 ‘intersect’ when they b_ Write an equation for each line, y and x ia Where do the lines intersect? cross, a Line A: 0) (,7) @,10) Line B: (0,6) 4,6) (1,0) b Line A: x= 3 Line ®: y = & i] © The lines intersect at (2, &), 012345 ® Algebra Graphs on Npenaaves mx otexercise 6d 4 a Name the coloured lines using w= ’and'y =", b List the points of intersection of each pair of lines, y cnnesaarned ‘A. An intersection is another word for @ road junction P where similar roads cross. 012345678910 * 2 a Drawaxes like these. b Plot these sets of coordinates. Join the sets to make straight lines, Set 1: (4,0) (4,4) (4,7) (4,10) Set 2: (0,5) (2,5) (8,5) (10,5) Set 3: (9,0) (9,2) (9,6) (9,9) Set 4: (4,0) (4,4) (4,7) (4,10) Write the equation of each line, d_ Write the coordinates of the points x where the lines intersect. Oe eea ee ue ce on noeua ued o 3 a Drawaxes like these, b Draw these lines on the grid. y=2,x=1,y=6,x=5 What is the shape you have made? d_ Now draw your own shape on a new pair of axes. What are the equations of the lines that make up your shape? CER ERAAIS 01234567 Problem solving 4 Here are two sets of coordinates: (0,0) (0,1) (0,3) (0,0) (2,0) (6,0) Imagine plotting the coordinates one set at a time. Imagine the straight lines they make. a What are the equations of the lines? x=...andy b Write down a different name for each line. 0123456 @ MyMaths.ou ©These three pictures tell a story about firework night. The story can be seen on the graph. > Picture 1: ‘The graph is sloping upwards. The light from the firework is becoming brighter. — Picture 3: ‘The graph is sloping downwards, It Is becoming darker. Picture 2: The graph is horizontal. The light is not changing. It is not becoming brighter or darker: © Graphs can describe a real-life situation. Which graph shows this jug being filled? A Depth Graph B: The water level increases at a constant rate. © Algebra Graphs Time c D & gfe 4 3 r Fy a a a a Time Time 4 i Graphs that form a straight line are called linear, Timepeor ise 6e @ vate these 9F@phs with the stories’ below, * ipyou think that graph a links with story 2 Draw 4 pairs of axes like these. pwrtea > B On each grid, sketch a graph to represent b each situation, Z g 7 @ Acandle is eres E z lit and slowly 2 = bri z ? t rightens up. 4, Time time b Matt pulls the 3 a Curtains across > o. a ay the window and ad z £ it darkens quite quickly. 3 2 ¢ Adriver flashes her headlights a 3 4 times. Ti ae Time dA candle is lit slowly. It lasts for a few e f moments then it goes out very quickly. Zz 4 3 Imagine walking through this forest. z ia Sketch a brightness graph, like question 2, Time Time showing how the light will change as you ‘A Alight is turned up slowly and walk along. stays on. B Bev flashes a torch twice. ¢ The Christmas tree lights are flashing many times. D Alight is turned on quickly and left on. E Acinema light is turned down slowly. F A photographer uses a flash to take one photograph. Problem solving 4 a Which graph shows this bow! being filled? Give a reason for your answer. ” Depth Time ner into which water is being T @Mymaths cou see ©6f Conversion graphs Graphs can help you convert between units. Adam has drawn a graph that approximately converts miles to kilometres. 3 points are marked with crosses: (0), 80) 50 miles ~ 80 kilometres Qo, 16) 10 miles ~ 16 kilometres c) ' 8) Smiles ~ 8 kilometres You can use the graph to convert 30 miles into kilometres: » Read up from 30 miles until you reach the graph. » Read across to the kilometres axis. > 30 miles ~ 48km Kilometres (km) Bs 5 miles ~ 8km 8 When Emma went on holiday to Thailand she changed her UK pounds to Thai Baht. The conversion rate was £1 = 50 Baht. @ Draw a conversion graph to help Emma to convert her money to Baht. b Use the graph to estimate how many Baht she will get if she converts £5. a [euk Oneal ‘ Thai Baht | 0 | 100 | 200 | 300 = il bead up from 5 on the graph, then = 39 2cr0ss to the y-avis. £5 is 260 Baht, 250 4 B2 ai | 1 © Algebra Graphs o88seg 10 20 30 40 50 6 7 Miles (m) Count in 2s: 42, 44, 46, 48, Choose £2 in the table units because 2 x 50 = 100 and 100 is easy to plot.t yercise 6f ® convert these Kilometre Use the graph gatances into miles. on page 118, 2 Use the same graph to convert these gokm= miles b SOkm~ _ imite distances into kilometres. { 100km~ miles d 10km~mijeg 2 20 les b 60 miles e 7okm= miles f 35km ~ oo 40 miles 25 miles 4 c 4 — mil 9 sakm = miles h 96km ~ les @ 15 miles f 45 miles 8 h 35 miles — Miles g 55 miles the conversion rate for euros (€) to Uk pounds (£) is £1 = €1.20, 129 a copy and complete this table by 10 multiplying by 1.2. 0 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 80 [100 o [2 es b Use the values in the table to plot coordinates onto a copy of these axes, Use a pencil. ¢ Carefully join the coordinates to draw an accurate graph line. It should be straight. Use your conversion graph to convert: £30=€__ €60 = £__ €120=£_ £90=€__ 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 £84=€ UK pounds (€) €6=£__ Bess 88 38 8 8B € (euros) (1012) ~szaren Problem solving 4 a Tonya sees a watch on an internet site. It costs €130. She has £85. Will she have enough money to buy it? b Explain your answer using the graph in question 3. 5 Chen and Shannon are measuring the temperature. Chen says: Shannon says: Use the formula in the box to work out if their answers are consistent. Can you do it without drawing a graph? F=9C+5+32 F = degrees Fahrenheit C = degrees Centigrade @myMaths.couk ©Clem Cheet yee ACL ot You can work backwards from a graph to write a formula. This graph shows the temperature of a liquid as it Is heated. You could draw a straight line between these points, Temperature (°C) - > 0 ) 012345 Time (minutes) You can write the coordinates in a table. e #) i i 6 A Scientists often need Time (minutes) Ore [eesti a [ener ano [eas], to work backwards io | 30 [ 50 | 70 | 90 | 110 from their results to discover a new Temperature (°C) Soca ene nee 420° +20° +20" +20" = +20° formula. The way the temperature changes with the time can be written as a sentence. ‘Start at 10° and add 20° for each minute that the liquid is heated.’ The graph shows how a liquid changes its temperature as it is heated. Time (minutes) | 0 ]2]2]3]4]5]6 . Temperature (°c) 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | - Use the table and the graph to complete a sentence formula, c to show how the temperature changes with time. é ‘The temperature starts at 30°C, then add 10°C for every minute that it t is heated, i faa Substitute into your formula to check that it works: — Test for 3 minutes: 30 + 10 + 10+ 10 = WOW Or 298007 Time (minutes) Test for 5 minutes: 30 +10 +10 + 10+ 10 + 10 = BOY D Algebra Graphsexercise 69 ‘mis table shows the number of tums made by two gear wheels, ranesia (arse) [i [273s] wheel B (small) | 4 | 8 |i2|i6 al wheel B Complete this formula sentence to descri bs turn together. ‘ibe how the two wheels -for each turn of the large wheel the small wheel ti urns ‘wheel A. The graph shows how much money Haziah saves over five week: /e weeks. a use the graph to complete the table. 100 Week olil2]3]a4 . Money saved (£) Sm 3 b Write a sentence formula for the total of Haziah’s saving each 5 > week. B40 ¢ Use any pair of coordinates from the E 30 graph to show thi formula works. styour 3 ap t 10 d_ Use your formula to calculate how much Haziah will have saved 0 > by week 6. eat ‘Weeks 3. The table shows how a kettle of water is heated. Time (minutes) |0| 1 | 2 | 3/4|5 Temperature (°C) 8| 23 | 38) 53 a Use the table to write a formula to describe how the temperature of the water changes as it is heated. b Check your formula by using a pair of coordinates from the table. Look at the differences ¢ Use your formula to complete the table. between the temperatures. Problem solving 4 The table shows how the temperature of a liquid changes Time (minutes) | 0 | + | 2 | 3 | 4 5 | 6 30 | 40 | so | 60 | 70 | 80 | % as it is heated. Temperature (°C) The formula is: The temperature starts al Use symbols instead of words to Wr! of minutes that the water Is heated. This might help you to start: ___ +30 t 30°C, then add 10°C for every minute that it is heated. ite the formula. Use ™ for the number Temperature = x @MvMaths coum ©