Chapter 6 problems

1. Water at 100°C, quality 50% in a rigid box is heated to 110°C. How do the properties (P,
v, x, u, and s) change (increase, stay about the same, or decrease)? Represent the process
on P−v and T−s diagram.
2. Find the missing properties of P, v, s, and x for CO 2 and indicate each state on a T–s
diagram relative to the two-phase region.
a. -20°C, 2000 kPa
b. 20°C, s = 1.49 kJ/kg K
c. -10°C, s = 1 kJ/kg-K
Represent the states on P-v and T-s diagram
3. Water is used as the working fluid in a Carnot-cycle heat engine, where it changes from
saturated liquid to saturated vapor at 200°C as heat is added. Heat is rejected in a
constant-pressure process (also constant T) at 20 kPa. The heat engine powers a Carnot-
cycle refrigerator that operates between -15°C and +20°C, shown in figure. Find the heat
added to the water per kilogram of water. How much heat should be added to the water
in the heat engine so that the refrigerator can remove 1 kJ from the cold space?

4. A cylinder containing R-134a at 10°C, 150 kPa, has an initial volume of 20 L. A piston
compresses the R-134a in a reversible, isothermal process until it reaches the saturated
vapour state. Calculate the required work and heat transfer to accomplish this process.
Represent the process on P-v and T-s diagram.
5. A 50 kg block of iron at 500 K is placed into open atmosphere which is at a temperature
of 285 K. The iron block eventually reaches thermal equilibrium with the atmosphere.
Assuming an average specific heat capacity of 0.45 kJ/kg K for iron, determine the
entropy change for the following;
a. the iron block, and
b. the atmosphere.
6. A piston/cylinder setup contains air at 100 kPa, 400 K which is compressed to a final
pressure of 1000 kPa. Consider two different processes (i) a reversible adiabatic process
 and (ii) a reversible isothermal process. Show both processes in P-v and a T-s diagram.
Find the final temperature and the specific work for both processes.
7. Two rigid tanks, shown in figure, each contains 10 kg N 2 gas at 1000 K, 500 kPa. They
are now thermally connected to a reversible heat pump, which heats one tank and cools
the other, with no heat transfer to the surroundings. When one tank is heated to 1500 K,
the process stops. Find the final (P, T) in both tanks and the work input to the heat pump,
assuming constant heat capacities.

8. A cylinder/piston contains saturated vapor R-410a at 10°C; the volume is 10 L. The R-

410a is compressed to 2 MPa, 60°C in a reversible (internally) polytropic process. Find
the polytropic exponent n and calculate the work and heat transfer.
9. One kg of air at 100 kPa is mixed with one kg air at 200 kPa, both at 300 K, in a rigid
insulated tank. Find the final state (P, T) and the entropy generation in the process.
10. The automatic transmission in a car receives 25 kW shaft work and gives out 24 kW to
the drive shaft. The balance is dissipated in the hydraulic fluid and metal casing, all at
45°C, which in turn transmits it to the outer atmosphere at 20°C. What is the rate of
entropy generation inside the transmission unit? What is it outside the unit?

S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Problem number
6.4 6.15 6.21 6.31 6.37 6.45 6.53 6.63 6.81 6.101
in textbook