You are on page 1of 14

MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS (2022) 5 (1) 1-14

©UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN


DOI: https://doi.org/10.37231/myjcam.2022.5.1.76
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Article: Received 26.11.2021; Accepted 16.01.2022; Published 31.03.2022

COMPUTATIONAL SOLUTION OF NONLINEARITY DISPERSIVE AND DISSIPATIVE


TERMS OF KORTEWEG-DE VRIES-BURGERS EQUATION (KDVB-E)

K I Faladeaa, , A T Tiamiyubb

aDepartment of Mathematics, Faculty of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, Kano University of


Science and Technology Wudil, P.M.B 3244, Kano State, Nigeria
bDepartment of Mathematics, Federal University of Technology, Minna Niger State, Nigeria

faladekazeem2013@kustwudil.edu.ng

Abstract: In this paper, we present numerical solutions of the Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers


equation (KdVB) subject to initial condition (trigonometry function). Two algorithms are formulated
using New Iterative Method (NIM) and Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) to examine 𝛼
nonlinearity, dissipation and 𝜇 dispersion effects on Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers equation.
Approximate solutions are obtained by means of the New Iterative Algorithm (NIA) and Homotopy
Perturbation Algorithm (HPA) and results showed the good performance efficiency of the proposed
schemes and illustrated with 3D and 2D phase plots.

Keywords: Korteweg-De Vries-Burgers Equation (KDVB-E), New Iterative Algorithm (NIA),


Homotopy Perturbation Algorithm (HPA), Non-linearity.

1. INTRODUCTION

In 1895, Korteweg and de Vries [1] developed the Korteweg de Vries (KdV) equation to model weakly
nonlinear waves. It has been used in several different fields to describe many areas of physical sciences.
The KdV-Burgers (KdVB) equation which is derived by Su and Gardner [2] appears in the study of the weak
effects of dispersion, dissipation and nonlinearity in waves propagating in a liquid-filled elastic tube.
The Korteweg-de Vries-Burger (KdVB) equation is the partial differential equation which describe the
relationship and interaction of 𝛼 controls the nonlinearity effect, 𝛽 gives the effect of dissipation and 𝜇 the
dispersion effect is controlled. The non dimensionalized version of the equation is of the form:

(1)

where 𝛼, 𝛽 𝑎𝑘𝑑 𝜇 are non-zero constants, is nonlinearity, is dissipation and is


dispersion and where (𝑥, 𝑡) is proportional to the radial perturbation of the tube wall and 𝑥 and 𝑡 are the
characteristic and time variables respectively.
In the last three decades considerable attention has been devoted to the Korteweg–de Vries– Burgers
(KdV–Burgers) equation, which arises in many physical sciences such as the propagation of undular bores
in shallow water [3], the flow of liquids containing gas bubbles [4], the propagation of waves in an elastic
tube filled with a viscous fluid [5] and the flow of liquids containing gas bubbles [4] and turbulence [6].
Recently, Zayko et al. investigated the Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers equation, which arises from ferro
electricity [7], [8].
Eq. (1) can be split into two parts: when 𝛽 = 0,

(2)
We have Korteweg-de Vries equation (KdV) and when 𝜇 = 0 lead to

(3)
MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Eq. (3) becomes Burgers equation which determine the motion of a pressure-less fluid subjected to
dissipation.
Korteweg-de Vries equation (KdV) Eq. (2) is a generic model for the study of weakly nonlinear long
waves, incorporating leading-order nonlinearity and dispersion. For example, it describes surface waves of
long wavelength and small amplitude on shallow water[9] and internal waves in a shallow density-stratified
fluid [10]. The solitary-wave solution of the KdV equation, thus named because it consists of a single humped
wave has a number of special properties [11]. Numerically examined the nonlinear interaction of a large
solitary-wave overtaking a smaller one. It was found that, after interaction, the solitary waves retained their
original shapes the only effect of the collision being a phase shift and [11] discussed the soliton interaction
for the extended Korteweg-deVries equation.
The aim of the study is to employ New Iterative Algorithm and Homotopy Perturbation Algorithm
discussed [12] and [13] respectively to study the Korteweg-deVries-Burgers equation we use to describe
our model appears in a great number of other applications [14]. Thus, we obtain (𝑥, 𝑡) which describes the
elongation of the wave at the place 𝑥 at time 𝑡.
This paper is organized as follows. In section 1 described brief introduction to the Korteweg -
deVries-Burgers equation, section 2 presents descriptions of new iteration method and Homotopy
perturbation method to formulate new iterative algorithm and Homotopy perturbation algorithm. In section
3, the computational experiment was carried on Eq. (1), Eq. (2) and Eq. (3) couple with suitable initial
condition (13) and results are presented and 3D and 2D plots, discussion and conclusion are presented
in section 4 and section 5.

2. RELATED WORKS
2.1 New Iterative Method
New Iterative Method (NIM) as a numerical technique for solving functional equations. Consider
a non-linear functional equation [15];
(𝑥̅) = ƒ(𝑥̅) + 𝑁(𝜑(𝑥̅))
(4)
where 𝑁a nonlinear operator from a Banach is space 𝐵 → 𝐵 and ƒ(𝑥̅) is a known function.
𝑥̅ = (𝑥1, 𝑥2, 𝑥3, . . ., 𝑥𝑛). We need to obtain the solution (𝑥̅) of Eq. (4) having the series of the form;

(5)
The nonlinear operator which is on the right-hand side of Eq. (5) can be decomposed as follow:

(6)
Substituting equations Eq. (4) and Eq.(5) into the equation Eq. (4) and becomes:

(7)
The recurrence relation is given by

(8)
Then,

(9)
2
MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

and

(10)
The 𝑞 −term approximate solution of Eq. (4) is given by;
𝜑 = 𝜑0 + 𝜑1 + ⋯ + 𝜑𝑞−1 (11)

2.1.1. Formulation Of Five Steps New Iterative Algorithm (Nia)

In this section, we consider Eq. (1) couple with initial condition and Eq. (4) to Eq. (11) and formulate five
steps algorithm using MAPLE 18 commands to solve Eq. (1) as follows:

restart:
Step 1:
𝛼 ≔ ℝ;
𝛽 ≔ ℝ;
𝜇 ≔ ℝ;
𝑁 ≔ ℝ;
(𝑥, 0) = 𝑔(𝑥);
[0] ≔ (𝑥, 0);

Step 2:
𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 0 𝑡 𝑜0 𝑑𝑜
[𝑘 + 1] ≔ 𝑣𝑎𝑙 𝑢e(i 𝑘𝑡(𝛼 ∗ 𝜑[𝑘] ∗ 𝑑i ƒƒ(𝜑[𝑘], 𝑥) + 𝛽 ∗ 𝑑i ƒƒ(𝜑[𝑘], 𝑥, 𝑥) + 𝜇 ∗
𝑑iff(𝜑[𝑘], 𝑥, 𝑥, 𝑥), 𝑡 = 0. . 𝑡));
end do

Step 3:
ƒo𝑟 𝑘 ƒ𝑟o𝑚0 𝑡o 𝑁 + 1 𝑑o
[𝑘] ≔ [𝑘];
en𝑑 𝑑o
𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝜑 ≔ ([j]), j = 0 … 𝑁 + 1;
𝑆i 𝑚𝑝𝜑 ≔ 𝑠i 𝑚𝑝𝑙 i ƒ(𝑦𝑠𝑢𝑚𝜑);
𝜑 ≔ e𝑣𝑎𝑙 ƒ(𝑠i 𝑚𝑝𝜑);
e𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑜 (12)

Step 4:
e(𝜑, [𝑥 = 0, 𝑡 = 0]); e𝑣𝑎𝑙(𝜑, [𝑥 = 0.1, 𝑡 = 0.1]);
e(𝜑, [𝑥 = 0.2, 𝑡 = 0.2]);
e(𝜑, [𝑥 = 0.3, 𝑡 = 0.3]);
e(𝜑, [𝑥 = 0.4, 𝑡 = 0.4]);
e(𝜑, [𝑥 = 0.5, 𝑡 = 0.5]);
e(𝜑, [𝑥 = 0.6, 𝑡 = 0.6]);
e(𝜑, [𝑥 = 0.7, 𝑡 = 0.7]);
e(𝜑, [𝑥 = 0.8, 𝑡 = 0.8]);
e(𝜑, [𝑥 = 0.8, 𝑡 = 0.8]);
e(𝜑, [𝑥 = 0.9, 𝑡 = 0.9]);
e(𝜑, [𝑥 = 1.0, 𝑡 = 1.0]);

Step 5:

3
MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

𝐿 ≔ e(𝜑, 𝑡 = 0);
𝑅 ≔ e(𝜑, 𝑡 = 1);
𝑆 ≔ e(𝜑, 𝑡 = 2);
𝑇 ≔ e(𝜑, 𝑡 = 3);
𝑉 ≔ e(𝜑, 𝑡 = 4); W ≔ e𝑣𝑎𝑙(𝜑, 𝑡 = 5);
𝑃𝑙ot ([𝐿, 𝑅, 𝑆, 𝑇, 𝑉, W]);

Output: See Tables 1, Tables 2, Tables 3 and Figures


(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10)

2.2 Homotopy Perturbation Method

In this section, we present the Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) as a numerical technique for
solving functional equations. Consider a non-linear differential equation of the form [13]:
(𝜑) − ƒ(𝜎) = 0, 𝜎 C Ω (13)
With boundary conditions:

(14)
Where 𝐴 is a general operator, 𝐵 is a boundary operator, ƒ(𝜎) is a known analytic function, and Γ is
the boundary of the domainΩ. 𝐴 can further be divided into two parts 𝐿 and 𝑁 where 𝐿 is the linear
part of 𝐴 and 𝑁 if the nonlinear part of 𝐴. Eq. (13) can now be expressed as;
(𝜑) + (𝜑) − ƒ(𝜎) = 0, 𝜎CΩ (15)
By constructing the Homotopy (𝜎, 𝑝): Ω × [0,1] → ℝ, which satisfies;
(𝑣, 𝑝) = (1 − 𝑝)[𝐿(𝑣) − 𝐿(𝜑0)] + 𝑝[𝐴(𝑣) − ƒ(𝜎)] = 0, 𝑝C[0,1], 𝜎CΩ (16)
𝜑0 is the initial approximation Eq. (13), the Homotopy parameter is then used to expand;

(17)
Take p = 1, then

(18)

2.2.1. Formulation Of Five Steps Homotopy Perturbation Algorithm (Hpa)

In order to formulate Homotopy perturbation algorithm, we consider Eq. (1) couple with initial condition and
Eq. (13) - Eq. (18) using MAPLE 18 commands as follows:

restart:

Step 1:
𝛼 ≔ ℝ;
4
MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

𝛽 ≔ ℝ;
𝜇 ≔ ℝ;
𝑁 ≔ ℝ;
(𝑥, 0) = 𝑔(𝑥);
[0] ≔ (𝑥, 0);

Step 2:
for 𝑛 from 0 𝑡𝑜 0 𝑑𝑜
𝑝𝑑e ≔ 𝛼 ∗ [𝑘] ∗ 𝑑i ƒƒ(𝜑[𝑘], 𝑥) + 𝛽 ∗ 𝑑i ƒƒ(𝜑[𝑘], 𝑥, 𝑥) + 𝜇 ∗ 𝑑i ƒƒ(𝜑[𝑘], 𝑥, 𝑥, 𝑥);
[𝑘 + 1] ≔ 𝑣𝑎𝑙 𝑢e(𝐼 𝑘𝑡(𝑝𝑑e, [𝑡 = 0. . 𝑡]));
end do

Step 3:
ƒo𝑟 j ƒ𝑟o𝑚0 𝑡o 𝑁 + 1
𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝜑 ≔ ([j]), j = 0 … 𝑁 + 1;
𝜑 ≔ e𝑣𝑎𝑙 ƒ(𝑠i 𝑚𝑝𝜑);
e𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑜

Step 4:
e(𝜑, [𝑥 = 0, 𝑡 = 0]); e𝑣𝑎𝑙(𝜑, [𝑥 = 0.1, 𝑡 = 0.1]);
e(𝜑, [𝑥 = 0.2, 𝑡 = 0.2]);
e(𝜑, [𝑥 = 0.3, 𝑡 = 0.3]);
e(𝜑, [𝑥 = 0.4, 𝑡 = 0.4]);
e(𝜑, [𝑥 = 0.5, 𝑡 = 0.5]);
e(𝜑, [𝑥 = 0.6, 𝑡 = 0.6]);
e(𝜑, [𝑥 = 0.7, 𝑡 = 0.7]);
e(𝜑, [𝑥 = 0.8, 𝑡 = 0.8]);
e(𝜑, [𝑥 = 0.8, 𝑡 = 0.8]);
e(𝜑, [𝑥 = 0.9, 𝑡 = 0.9]);
e(𝜑, [𝑥 = 1.0, 𝑡 = 1.0]);

Step 5:

𝐿 ≔ e(𝜑, 𝑡 = 0);
𝑅 ≔ e(𝜑, 𝑡 = 1);
𝑆 ≔ e(𝜑, 𝑡 = 2);
𝑇 ≔ e(𝜑, 𝑡 = 3);
𝑉 ≔ e(𝜑, 𝑡 = 4); W ≔ e𝑣𝑎𝑙(𝜑, 𝑡 = 5);
𝑃𝑙o t ([𝐿, 𝑅, 𝑆, 𝑇, 𝑉, W]);

Output: See Tables 1, Tables 2, Tables 3 and Figures (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10) where N is the computational
length and ℝ is positive integers

3. NUMERICAL EXPERIMENT

In order to implement the formulated algorithms (NIA and HPA) for the assessment of the effects of
nonlinearity 𝛼, dissipation 𝛽 and dispersion 𝜇 on Eq. (1), Eq. (2) and Eq. (3) subject to initial condition
given [15]

5
MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(𝑥, 0) = s e cℎ2(𝑥) (20)

Case 1. Presents the numerical experiment of three phenomenon’s on Korteweg-de Vries-


Burger (KdVB) equation (1) when nonlinearity 𝛼 is fixed while we have the following
parameters assumptions:
i. Dissipation effect 𝛽 is less than dispersion effect 𝜇
ii. Dispersion effect𝜇 is greater than dissipation effect 𝛽
iii. Dissipation effect 𝛽 is equal to dispersion effect 𝜇
iv. Computational length 𝑁 = 3

Applying algorithms (12) and (19) to examine the three assumptions parameters, we obtain the
following solutions for equation (1) subject to initial condition (20).

Table 1. Numerical solution Korteweg-de Vries-Burger (KdVB) Equation Case 1


𝛼 = 2, 𝛽 = 0.0001, 𝛼 = 2, 𝛽 = 0.1, 𝛼 = 2, 𝛽 = 0.1,
𝜑(𝑥, 𝑡)
𝜇 = 0.1 𝛽 < 𝜇 𝜇 = 0.0001 𝛽>𝜇 𝜇 = 0.1 𝛽 = 𝜇
Exact solution 1.00000000 1.0000000000 1.0000000000
(0,0) NIA solution 1.00000000 1.0000000000 1.0000000000
HPA solution 1.00000000 1.0000000000 1.0000000000
Exact solution 0.97864124 0.9362217522 0.9586156962
(0.1,0.1) NIA solution 0.97864124 0.9362217519 0.9586156957
HPA solution 0.97865992 0.9362217506 0.9586156940
Exact solution 0.96106091 0.8104260839 0.9091930730
(0.2,0.2) NIA solution 0.96106091 0.8104260832 0.9091930724
HPA solution 0.96110965 0.8104260819 0.9091931451
Exact solution 1.26909988 0.6504263210 1.194344026
(0.3,0.3) NIA solution 1.26909987 0.6504263007 1.194344019
HPA solution 1.26917233 0.6504262978 1.194343931
Exact solution 2.06829947 0.4530132610 2.105371299
(0.4,0.4) NIA solution 2.06829946 0.4530132602 2.105371294
HPA solution 2.06828409 0.4530131047 2.105370606
Exact solution 2.35899391 0.2120438351 2.700167111
(0.5,0.5) NIA solution 2.35899389 0.2120438345 2.700167108
HPA solution 2.35874002 0.2120449308 2.700167715
Exact solution 0.27719100 − 0.0301671081 0.9051896493
(0.6,0.6) NIA solution 0.27719100 − 0.0301671061 0.9051896482
HPA solution 0.27672133 − 0.0301690379 0.9051898440
Exact solution −5.1738172 −0.2263133655 −4.633540223
(0.7,0.7) NIA solution −5.1738172 −0.2263133649 −4.633540202
HPA solution −5.17424216 −0.2263019421 −4.6335414140
Exact solution −11.7362649 −0.3378475847 −11.63145519
(0.8,0.8) NIA solution −11.7362648 −0.3378475834 −11.63145505
HPA solution −11.7364964 −0.3378409818 −11.63141518
Exact solution −13.9425446 −0.4376242052 −14.08054892
(0.9,0.9) NIA solution −13.9425445 −0.4376242034 −14.08054870
HPA solution −13.9428418 −0.4376220667 −14.080342810
Exact solution −8.64589773 −0.7214305142 −8.712555471
(1.0,1.0) NIA solution −8.64589772 −0.7214305136 −8.712555462
HPA solution −8.64628577 −0.7214311983 −8.7118346180

6
MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Case 2. Presents the numerical experiment of Korteweg-de Vries Eq. (2) (KdV) when
nonlinearity 𝛼 is fixed and dissipation effect 𝛽 = 0.
Applying algorithms (12) and (19), we obtain the following solutions for Eq. (2) subject to initial
condition Eq. (13).

Table 2. Numerical solution Korteweg-de Vries equation (KdV) Case 2


𝛼 = 2, 𝛽 = 0, 𝜇 = 0.1
𝜑(𝑥, 𝑡) Exact solution NIA solution HPA solution
(0,0) 1.000000000 1.000000000 1.000000000
(0.1,0.1) 0.9786619979 0.9786619977 0.9786619974
(0.2,0.2) 0.9611150799 0.9611150796 0.9611150741
(0.3,0.3) 1.269180482 1.269180479 1.269180389
(0.4,0.4) 2.068282498 2.068282495 2.068282390
(0.5,0.5) 2.358711911 2.358711908 2.358711844
(0.6,0.6) 0.2766687594 0.2766687591 0.276668960
(0.7,0.7) −5.174302875 −5.174302873 −5.174291075
(0.8,0.8) −11.73662377 −11.73662375 −11.73652798
(0.9,0.9) −13.94335337 −13.94335336 −13.94288718
(1.0,1.0) −8.647996547 −8.647996545 −8.646358743

Case 3. Presents the numerical experiment of Burgers equation (3) when nonlinearity 𝛼 is fixed
and dispersion effect 𝜇 = 0
Applying algorithms (12) and (19), we obtain the following solutions for equation (3) subject to
initial condition (13).
Table 3. Numerical solution Burger Equation Case 3
𝑎 = 2, 𝖰 = 0. 0001, 𝜇 = 0

𝜑(𝑥, 𝑡) Exact solution NIA solution HPA solution


(0,0) 1.0000000000 1.00000000000 1.0000000000
(0.1,0.1) 0.9519419818 0.95194198130 0.9519419791
(0.2,0.2) 0.8267654319 0.82676543160 0.8267654313
(0.3,0.3) 0.6558732614 0.65587326120 0.6558732602
(0.4,0.4) 0.4471338781 0.44713387790 0.4471338745
(0.5,0.5) 0.2007917149 0.20079171470 0.2007918531
(0.6,0.6) −0.0621506192 −0.06215061925 −0.0621508191
(0.7,0.7) −0.3290467643 −0.3290467641 −0.3290470867
(0.8,0.8) −0.5859621635 −0.5859621634 −0.5859618053
(0.9,0.9) −0.7938403666 −0.7938403665 −0.7938400164
(1.0,1.0) −0.8982355374 −0.8982355372 −0.8982353889

7
MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Figure 1. 3D-plot profiles when dissipation effect 𝛽 is less than dispersion 𝛼 𝛽 < Korteweg-De Vries-
Burgers Equation (KDVB-E) Case 1

Figure 2. 2D-plot for time distribution profiles from initial time 0 𝑠e𝑐 to 5 𝑠e𝑐 when dissipation
effect 𝛽 is less than dispersion effect 𝛼 𝛽 < 𝛼 (KDVB-E) Case 1

8
MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Figure 3. 3D-plot profiles when dissipation effect 𝛽 is greater than dispersion effect 𝛼 𝛽 > 𝛼 Korteweg-
De Vries-Burgers Equation (KDVB-E) Case 1

Figure 4. 2D-plot for time distribution profiles from initial time 0 𝑠e𝑐 to 5 𝑠e𝑐 when dissipation
effect 𝛽 is less than dispersion effect 𝛼 𝛽 > 𝛼 (KDVB-E)

9
MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Figure 5. 3D-plot profiles when dissipation effect 𝛽 is equal to dispersion 𝛼 𝛽 = 𝛼 Korteweg-De


Vries-Burgers Equation (KDVB-E) Case 1

Figure 6. 2D-plot for time distribution profiles from initial time 0 𝑠e𝑐 to 5 𝑠e𝑐 when dissipation effect
𝛽 is equal to dispersion effect 𝛼𝛽 = 𝛼 (KDVB-E)

10
MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Figure 7. 3D-plot profiles when dissipation effect 𝛽 is equal to zero 𝛽 = 0 Korteweg-de Vries equation
(KdV) Case 2

Figure 8. 2D-plot for time distribution profiles from initial time 0 𝑠e𝑐 to 5 𝑠e𝑐 when dissipation
effect 𝛽 is equal zero 𝛽 = 0 Korteweg-de Vries equation (KdV) Case 2

11
MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Figure 9. 3D-plot profiles when dispersion effect 𝜇 is equal to zero 𝜇 = 0 Burgers Equation Case 3

Figure 10. 2D-plot for time distribution profiles from initial time 0 𝑠e𝑐 to 5 𝑠e𝑐 when dispersion
effect 𝜇 is equal to zero 𝜇 = 0 Burgers Equation Case 3

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Discussion

We have investigated the Korteweg-de Vries-Burger (KdVB) equation which arises from ferro
electricity and obtain (𝑥, 𝑡) which describes the elongation of the wave at the place 𝑥 at time 𝑡.
From Table 1, the volume of 𝜑(𝑥, 𝑡) elongation of the wave at the place 𝑥 at time 𝑡 under the following
assumptions: Dissipation effect 𝛽 is less than dispersion effect 𝜇 , dispersion effect 𝜇 is greater than
dissipation effect 𝛽 and dissipation effect 𝛽 is equal to dispersion effect 𝜇 respectively.

12
MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

From the results obtained we observe the following:


i. More numerical solutions 𝜑(𝑥, 𝑡) obtained when dispersion effect 𝜇 is greaterthan dissipation
effect 𝛽 (𝛼 = 2, 𝛽 = 0.0001, 𝜇 = 0.1)
ii. Less numerical solutions 𝜑(𝑥, 𝑡) obtained when dissipation 𝛽 is greater than dispersion
effect 𝜇 𝛼 = 2, 𝛽 = 0.1, 𝜇 = 0.0001

Table 2 shows the amount of (𝑥, 𝑡) elongation of the wave at the place 𝑥 at time 𝑡of Korteweg-de
Vries equation (KdV) when dissipation effect 𝛽=0 (𝛼 = 2, 𝛽 = 0, 𝜇 = 0.1). Table 3 shows the amount
of (𝑥, 𝑡) elongation of the wave at the place 𝑥 at time 𝑡 of Burgers equation when dispersion effect 𝜇
= 0 (𝛼 = 2, 𝛽 = 0, 𝜇 = 0.1). Moreover, Figure 1, Figure 3, Figure 5, Figure 7, Figure 9 show the 3D
plots elongation of the waves profiles while Figure 2, Figure 4, Figure 6, Figure 8, Figure 10 show
2D plots which depicttime distributions profiles from initial time 0 to 5 which profile are presented in
red, black, purple, blue, yellow and green respectively.

5. CONCLUSION

In this paper, we formulate two computational algorithms (AIM and HPA) using new iterative method and
Homotopy perturbation method. A user friendly MAPLE 18 software commands are develop to
implement the numerical schemes in order to investigate the effects of nonlinearity 𝛼, dispersion 𝜇 and
dissipation 𝛽 of nondimensionalized Korteweg-de Vries-Burger (KdVB) equation. The study further
studied the relationship between KdV and Burgers equation using the same parameters usedfor (KdVB).
From computational point of view, NIA is fairly better than HPA. We conclude that the present
computational approaches can be a good mathematical tools in solving linear and nonlinear problems
in mathematical physics.

References
[1] D. J. Korteweg and G. de Vries, “ XLI. On the change of form of long waves advancing in a
rectangular canal, and on a new type of long stationary waves ,” London, Edinburgh, Dublin Philos.
Mag. J. Sci., vol. 39, no. 240, pp. 422–443, 1895, doi: 10.1080/14786449508620739.
[2] X. Wang, Z. Feng, L. Debnath, and D. Y. Gao, “The Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers equation and its
approximate solution,” Int. J. Comput. Math., vol. 85, no. 6, pp. 853–863, 2008, doi:
10.1080/00207160701411152.
[3] R. S. Johnson, “Shallow water waves on a viscous fluid - The undular bore,” Phys. Fluids, vol. 15,
no. 10, pp. 1693–1699, 1972, doi: 10.1063/1.1693764.
[4] L. Van Wijngaarden, “WA727_89117_P.262-van-Wijngaarden-On-the-motion,” pp. 343–349, 1982.
[5] R. S. Johnson, “A non-linear equation incorporating damping and dispersion,” J. Fluid Mech., vol.
42, no. 1, pp. 49–60, 1970, doi: 10.1017/S0022112070001064.
[6] L. Shikuo, P. Weihong, H. Feng, and C. Dongyan, “Effects of Turbulent Dispersion on the Wind
Speed Profile in the Surface Layer,” Adv. Atmos. Sci., vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 794–806, 2002, doi:
10.1007/s00376-002-0045-5.
[7] Z. Feng, “An exact solution to the Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers equation,” Appl. Math. Lett., vol. 18,
no. 7, pp. 733–737, 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.aml.2004.05.013.
[8] M. Letters, “Applied Mathematics Letters N e w Class of Solutions of the K o r t e w e g - d e Vries-
Burgers Equation,” vol. 14, pp. 115–121, 2001.
[9] N. B. Zhitenev, R. J. Haug, K. V. Klitzing, and K. Eberl, Linear and nonlinear waves in edge channels,
vol. 52, no. 15. 1995. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.52.11277.
[10] L. N. W. Flows, S. Russell, and D. Vries, “= 0(1),” pp. 52–63.
[11] S. Watanabe, “Ion-acoustic Solitons Excited By A Single Grid,” J. Plasma Phys., vol. 14, no. 2, pp.
353–364, 1975, doi: 10.1017/S0022377800009648.
[12] K. I. Falade and T. A. . Tiamiyu A.T, “Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations with
Fractional Variable Coefficients Using New Iterative Method (NIM),” Int. J. Math. Sci. Comput., vol.
6, no. 3, pp. 12–21, 2020, doi: 10.5815/ijmsc.2020.03.02.
[13] F. K. Iyanda, A. Gafar, and T. Tiamiyu, “A STUDY OF THIN PLATE VIBRATION USING
13
MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

HOMOTOPY PERTUBATION International Journal of Engineering and Innovative,” no. June, 2020.
[14] M. E. Lines, A. M. Glass, and G. Burns, “Principles and Applications of Ferroelectrics and Related
Materials,” Phys. Today, vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 56–58, 1978, doi: 10.1063/1.2995188.
[15] M. Yaseen and M. Samraiz, “The modified new iterative method for solving linear and nonlinear
Klein-Gordon equations,” Appl. Math. Sci., vol. 6, no. 57–60, pp. 2979–2987, 2012.

14

You might also like