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7
SCIENCE
QUARTER 3
Week 1

Capsulized Self-Learning Empowerment

Toolkit

Schools Division Office of Zamboanga City

Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
Zamboanga City

“Unido, Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto junto puede!”

WRITTEN BY: SABINA I MANZANO, SST- II MAE ANN B. TAYAO, SST-I

Vitali National High School Vitali National High School
 1

SUBJECT &
Science 7 QUARTER 3 WEEK 1 DAY _______________________
GRADE/LEVEL dd/mm/yyyy

1. Distance vs. Displacement

TOPIC/s
2. Speed, Velocity and Acceleration
1. Compare and contrast the following concepts
LEARNING a. Distance vs. Displacement
COMPETENCIES 2. Relate speed and velocity to acceleration
3. Calculate the speed, distance and acceleration of the object.
IMPORTANT: Do not write anything on this material. Write your answers on a separate
sheet. Do not forget to answer all the Self-Assessment Questions (SAQs).

UNDERSTAND
Everything moves –even things that appear to be at rest. These objects move
relative to the Sun and stars (Hewitt 2015). Kinematics is the science of describing
the motion of objects using words, diagrams, numbers, graphs, and equations. It is a
branch of mechanics.
Distance and Displacement are quantities that are related to mechanics. These
two quantities may seem to mean the same thing but they are quite different in
meanings.

What is distance?

Distance (d) is a scalar quantity. It refers to "how much ground an object has
covered" during its motion. Distance is the total movement of an object without any
regard to direction. Being a scalar quantity distance has only magnitude.
What is displacement?

Displacement (𝒅 ⃗⃗ ) is a vector quantity that refers to "how far out of place an

object is". It is the object's overall change in position. Since it is a vector quantity it
has a direction and magnitude.
Consider the motion showed in the diagram below. A physics teacher walks 4
meters East, 2 meters South, 4 meters West, and finally 2 meters North. (The four
cardinal directions are also shown below)

The diagram shows that the physics teacher has "covered 12 meters of ground"

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(distance = 12 m). However when the teacher has finished walking, the teacher is not
"out of place" - i.e., there is no displacement for her motion (displacement = 0 m).
Since displacement is a vector quantity a direction must be specified.
The 4 meters east cancels the 4 meters west; and the 2 meters south cancels the
2 meters north.
SAQ-1: What have you noticed about the units in which distance and
displacement are expressed?

A. Use the diagram to determine the resulting displacement (𝒅 ⃗ ) and the

distance traveled (d) by the skier during these three minutes.

The skier covers a distance of

dtotal = (180 m + 140 m + 100 m) = 420 m magnitude only

The displacement of 140 m, rightward.

⃗⃗𝒅 = 140 m, rightward

magnitude direction

B. A football coach pacing back and forth along the side lines. The diagram below
shows several of coach's positions at various times. At each marked position, the coach
makes a "U-turn" and moves in the opposite direction. In other words, the coach moves
from position A to B to C to D. (Note: The distance covered are in meters)

The coach covers a distance of

d = (35 m + 20 m + 40 m) = 95m
The displacement of the coach is 55 m, left.
⃗⃗ = 55m, left
𝒅

SAQ-2: Compare and contrast distance and displacement by constructing a

Venn Diagram.

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Following table shows of metric units distance:

Unit Symbol
Millimeter mm
Centimeter cm
Meter m
Kilometer km

Let’s Practice! (Write your answer on the separate sheet/s of paper.)

A. Consider the schematic diagram of the boy’s motion below and provide the
distance and displacement at certain points of the path. Use the four cardinal
directions.

Point A: Point C:
Distance: _______________ Distance: _______________
Displacement: ___________ Displacement: ___________

Point B: Point D:
Distance: _______________ Distance: _______________
Displacement: ___________ Displacement: ___________

QUESTION:
If the boy has walked from Point A to Point D then went back to Point A, compare
the distance and displacement of the boy.

B. Two people take different paths to the same place. Both start at point A and
end up at Point B. Their two paths are shown: one as a dashed line, one as a solid
line.

1. Which person travels the greater distance? ______

2. How do the displacements compare? They are the ____________. (Remember path
does not matter)
3. Draw the vector on the city map that represents the “displacement”. Remember only
the starting and ending position are relevant, not the path. Does one vector represent
this for both routes between A and B? _______

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Vitali National High School Vitali National High School
 4

SPEED, VELOCITY, ACCELERATION

Just as distance and displacement have clearly different
meanings, so do speed and velocity. Before Galileo’s time moving
objects were simply described as “slow” or “fast”.
It was Galileo who is recognized with being the first to measure
speed by considering the distance covered and the time it takes.

What is speed?

Speed (v) is a scalar quantity that refers to "how fast an object is moving."
Speed is the rate at which an object covers distance.
A fast-moving object has a high speed and covers a relatively large distance
in a short amount of time.
A slow-moving object that has a low speed; it covers a small amount of
distance in the same amount of time.
An object with no movement at all has a zero speed.
Galileo defined speed (v) as the distance (d) covered per unit time(t). In
equation form
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
Speed = 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

𝒅
v= Equation 1
𝒕

Any combination of distance and time units is used for measuring

speed. Distance (d) is measured in millimetre (mm), centimeter
(cm), meter (m) and kilometre (km) in the metric system. Time (t) is
expressed in second (s), minute (min) and hour (h).
𝑘𝑚 𝑚𝑖
For motor vehicles the units kilometers per hour ( ) and miles per hour ( ℎ ). For
ℎ
𝑚
shorter distance distances, meters per second ( ) is used. The slash (/) is read as per
𝑠
and means “divided by”.

Sample Problems

1. A football field is about 100 m long. If it takes a football player 20 seconds to run its
length, how fast (what speed) were they running?
Given: Unknown:
d = 100 m v =?
t = 20s

SOLUTION:
𝒅 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒎
v= v= = 5𝒎/𝒔
𝒕 𝟐𝟎𝒔

2. The pitcher’s mound in baseball is 85 m from the plate. It takes 4 seconds for a
pitch to reach the plate. How fast is the pitch?
Given: Unknown:
d = 85 m v =?
t = 4s

SOLUTION:
𝒅 𝟖𝟓𝒎
v= v= = 21.25𝒎/𝒔
𝒕 𝟒𝒔

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Vitali National High School Vitali National High School
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3. If you run at 12 m/s for 15 seconds, how far will you go?
Given: Unknown:
v = 12m/s d=?
t = 15s

SOLUTION:
To derive an equation for distance d, we will start with the equation for speed
𝒅
v=𝒕
Through cross multiplication, equation 1 becomes
d = vt Equation 2
Thus,
𝑚 𝑚
d = vt = (12 𝑠 )(15s) = (12 𝑠 )(15s) = 180m

4. A bus travels with a constant speed of 48 km/h. How long will it take to travel 60 km?
Given: Unknown:
v = 48km/h t=?
d = 60km
SOLUTION:
To derive an equation for distance t, we will start again with the equation for speed
𝒅
v=𝒕
Cross multiplication, will yield to
d = vt
Divide both sides of the equation by v
𝒅 𝒗𝒕
𝒗
=𝒗
“v” on the left side of the equation will be cancelled out, thus
𝒅
t=𝒗 Equation 3

𝟔𝟎𝒌𝒎
t= = 1.25h
𝟒𝟖𝒌𝒎/𝒉

What is velocity?

Velocity (𝒗⃗ ) is a vector quantity that refers to "the rate at which an object
changes its position."
Consider the following situation: A person is moving rapidly, he steps forward
and steps back - always returning to the original starting position.
The velocity of the person in the above situation is zero (0). Why? Because the
person always returns to the original position, the motion would never result in a change
in position.
Since velocity is a vector quantity it must direction. Consider the football player in
player in sample problem 1. It is not enough to say that the velocity of the football player
is 5𝒎/𝒔. A direction must be specified to fully describe the velocity of the object. For
instance, you must describe the football player’s velocity as being 5m/s, east.
This is the essential differences between speed and
velocity. Speed is a scalar quantity and does not specify
direction; velocity is a vector quantity and has direction.
The equation for velocity is
𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭
velocity = =
𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞

𝚫𝐩 𝐝
𝐯⃗ = 𝐭
= 𝐭

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Vitali National High School Vitali National High School
 6

Sample Problem

5. George walks to a friend’s house. He walks 750 meters North, and then realizes he
walked too far. He turns around and walks 250 meters South. The entire walk takes
him 13 seconds. What is his speed?
Given: Unknown:
d1= 750m v =?
d2 = 250m
t = 13s

SOLUTION:
dtotal = d1 + d2 = 750m + 250m =1000m

𝐝 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒎 magnitude only

v= = = 76.923m/s
𝐭 𝟏𝟑𝒔

6. In problem #5, what was George’s velocity in meters per second? (hint: draw a
picture to find his displacement)
SOLUTION:

⃗ 2 = 250m, north
𝒅

⃗⃗𝒅 1= 750m, north

Final position

Change in position = 750m – 250m

Δp =𝒅 ⃗ =500m

original position

𝚫𝐩 𝐝 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝒎
𝐯⃗ = = = = 38.462m/s, north
𝐭 𝐭 𝟏𝟑𝒔
magnitude direction

What is constant speed and constant velocity?

Constant speed means steady speed. Something with constant speed does
not speed up or slow down.
Constant velocity means both constant speed and constant direction.
Constant direction is a straight line—the object’s path does not curve. So constant
velocity means motion in a straight line at a constant speed.

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Vitali National High School Vitali National High School
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What is changing velocity?

velocity?
If either the speed or the direction changes (or if both change), then the velocity
changes.

SAQ-3: The car on the circular track may have a

constant speed, but its velocity is changing
every instant. Why?

SAQ-4: “She moves at a constant speed in a constant direction.” Rephrase the

same sentence in fewer words.

The following are the ways to change the velocity of an object:

a. change its speed
b. change its direction
c. change its speed and its direction

What is acceleration?

Acceleration (a) is defined as how quickly and in what direction the velocity
changes. A body accelerates if the body’s velocity changes.
𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚
acceleration = 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒍
In symbols
⃗
∆𝒗
a= Equation 4
∆𝒕

NOTE: “∆” means change

Since acceleration is the rate of the change in velocity, its unit is in terms of a
unit of distance and two units of time.
𝒎 Unit of velocity
⃗
∆𝒗 𝒔
a= =
∆𝒕 𝒔
Unit of time
𝒎
a= Unit of acceleration
𝒔𝟐

NOTE: Acceleration may take on other units for example kilometers per second
𝑘𝑚 𝑐𝑚 𝑘𝑚
squared ( 𝑠 2 ), centimeter per second squared ( 𝑠 2 ), kilometer per hour squared ( 2 ),
𝑚𝑖
miles per minute squared (𝑚𝑖𝑛2).

Equation 4 can still be further simplified. Let

∆𝒗⃗ =𝒗
⃗𝒇-𝒗 ⃗ 𝒊 , where 𝒗
⃗ 𝒇 be the final velocity of the object and 𝒗⃗ 𝒊 initial velocity of
the object.
∆t =𝒕𝒇 - 𝒕𝒊 , where 𝒕𝒇 be the final time of travel and 𝒕𝒊 initial time of travel

Therefore
⃗ 𝒇 −𝒗
𝒗 ⃗𝒊
a= 𝒕𝒇 − 𝒕𝒊
Equation 5

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Vitali National High School Vitali National High School
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Speed is how fast an object moves. Once a direction has been

specified for speed it becomes velocity. If the velocity of an object
changes the object is said to accelerate.

Sample Problems
7. A roller coaster car rapidly picks up speed as it rolls down a slope. As it starts down
the slope, its speed is 4m/s. but 3 seconds later, at the bottom of the slope its speed
its 22m/s. What is its average acceleration?
Given: Unknown:
⃗ 𝒊 = 4m/s
𝒗 a =?
⃗ 𝒇= 22m/s
𝒗
t = 3s
SOLUTION:
𝒎 𝒎 𝒎
⃗ 𝒇 −𝒗
𝒗 ⃗𝒊 𝟐𝟐 𝒔 −𝟒 𝒔 𝟏𝟖 𝒔
a = 𝒕 −𝒕 a = 𝟑𝒔 = 𝟑𝒔 = 6m/s2
𝒇 𝒊

8. A car can go from rest to 90 km/h in 0.003h. What is its acceleration?

Given: Unknown:
⃗ 𝒊 = 0 (since the car started from rest)
𝒗 a =?
⃗ 𝒇= 90km/h
𝒗
t = 0.003h
SOLUTION:
𝒌𝒎 𝒌𝒎
⃗ 𝒇 −𝒗
𝒗 ⃗𝒊 𝟗𝟎 𝒉 −𝟎 𝟗𝟎 𝒉
a= a= = = 30 000km/h2
𝒕𝒇 − 𝒕𝒊 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟑𝒉 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟑𝒉

9. How long will it take a car to accelerate from 15.2 m/s to 23.5 m/s if the car has an
average acceleration of 3.2 m/s 2?
Given: Unknown:
⃗ 𝒊 = 15.2m/s
𝒗 a =?
⃗ 𝒇= 23.5 m/s
𝒗
a = 3.2m/s2
SOLUTION:
To derive an equation for time, start with Equation 5
⃗ 𝒇 −𝒗
𝒗 ⃗𝒊
a=
𝒕
Cross multiply
at = ⃗𝒗𝒇 - ⃗𝒗𝒊
Divide both sides of the equation with a

𝒂𝒕 ⃗ 𝒇−𝒗
𝒗 ⃗𝒊
=
𝒂 𝒂

𝒂𝒕 ⃗ 𝒇−𝒗
𝒗 ⃗𝒊
=
𝒂 𝒂

⃗ 𝒇−𝒗
𝒗 ⃗𝒊
t= Equation 6
𝒂
Substitute the values of the given
𝒎 𝒎
𝟐𝟑.𝟓 𝒔 −𝟏𝟓.𝟐 𝒔
t=
𝟑.𝟐 𝒎/𝒔𝟐

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𝟖.𝟑𝒎/𝒔
t = 𝟑.𝟐𝒎/𝒔𝟐
t = 2.59s

10. A lizard accelerates at the rate of 2 m/s2 at a time 4seconds. What is the lizard’s
initial velocity if its final velocity is 10m/s?
Given: Unknown:
t= 4s ⃗ 𝒊 =?
𝒗
⃗ 𝒇= 10m/s
𝒗
a = 2m/s2
SOLUTION:
To derive an equation for time, start with Equation 5
⃗ 𝒇 −𝒗
𝒗 ⃗𝒊
a= 𝒕
at = ⃗𝒗𝒇 - ⃗𝒗𝒊
Transpose -𝒗 ⃗ 𝒊 on the left and it becomes positive and transpose the term at to the
right and it becomes negative
⃗𝒊=𝒗
𝒗 ⃗ 𝒇 – at Equation 7
⃗ 𝒇 = (10m/s) – (2m/s2)(4s)
𝒗
⃗ 𝒇 = (10m/s) – (8m/s)
𝒗
⃗ 𝒇 = 2m/s
𝒗

SAQ-5: What is the acceleration of a race car that whizzes past you at a
constant?
velocity of 400 km/h?

Let’s Practice! (Write your answer on the separate sheet/s of paper.)

1. A girl cycles for 3hrs at a speed of 40 km/h. What distance did she travel?
2. Find out the distance covered by the object in 3600s when its speed is 96 m/s?
3. John is a runner. He runs the 100m sprint in 10s. What speed is his speed (in
m/s)?
4. Mike roller skates 35 km in 1.75hours. What is his average speed in kilometers
per hour?
5. A runner covers the last straight stretch of a race in 4 s. During that time, he
speeds up from 5 m/s to 9 m/s. What is the runner’s acceleration in this part of
the race?
6. Calculate the acceleration of Sandy riding his bicycle in a straight line that
speeds up from 4 m/s to 6 m/s in 5 seconds.

REMEMBER
Key Points

 Distance (d) measures the length of the path travelled by the object. It is a scalar
quantity.
 Displacement (𝑑 ) is the shortest length between the object’s initial position and
final position. It is a vector quantity.
 Speed (v) is defined as the total distance traveled divided by the total time it took
to travel that distance. It is a scalar quantity that refers to how fast an object is
moving.
 Velocity (𝑣 ) is a vector quantity that refers to the rate at which an object changes
its position.
 Acceleration (a) is the rate of change of velocity. To change the object’s velocity
the following can be done:

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a. change its speed

b. change its direction
c. change its speed and its direction
 Important equations to remember
𝒅 𝒅 𝚫𝐩 𝐝
v= 𝒕 d = vt t= 𝐯⃗ = =
𝒗 𝐭 𝐭
∆𝒗⃗ ⃗ −𝒗
𝒗 ⃗
a = ∆𝒕 t = 𝒇𝒂 𝒊 ⃗ 𝒇 – at
⃗𝒊=𝒗
𝒗

TRY
Let us see how much you have learned today!
Directions: Read each question carefully and choose the letter corresponding to your
answer. (Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.)
1. Which statement below best describes the difference between distance and
displacement?
A. Distance is a scalar quantity while displacement is a vector quantity.
B. Displacement is a scalar quantity while distance is a vector quantity.
C. Distance is expressed in the metric system while displacement is expressed in
English units.
D. Distance is measured from the initial to the final position while displacement is the
total length of path travelled.

For items 2-3. Refer to the

situation below.
Bessie the cow and Sally the
bird both traveled from point “A” to
point “B.” Sally traveled in a
straight line and Bessie did not.

2. What distance does Bessie the

cow travel?
A. 10 meters B. 15 meters C. 25 meters D. 35 meters
3. What is Bessie the cow’s displacement?
A. 10 meters B. 15 meters C. 25 meters D. 35 meters
4. A car is moving on a straight road at a constant speed in a single direction. Which of
the following statements is true?
A. Average velocity is zero.
B. The magnitude of average velocity is equal to the average speed.
C. The acceleration equals zero.
D. The acceleration is positive.
5. A train travels 900 m in 250 seconds. What is its average speed?
A. 3.6 m/s B. 225,000 m/s C. 650 m/s D. 1m/s

6. What is the difference between speed and velocity?

A. velocity includes directions C. velocity includes speed
B. speed includes direction D. speed includes displacement
7. What is the acceleration of a car that maintains a constant velocity of 100 km/h for 10
s?
A. 0 B. 10 km/h2 C. 100 km/h2 D. 1000 km/h2
8. A bicycle travels 12km in 40min. What is its average speed?
A. 0.3 km/h B. 8 km/h C. 18 km/h D. 48 km/h

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9. If you walked for 2 hours at an average speed of 4miles/hr. How far will you have
walked?
A. 2 miles B. 8 miles C. 16 miles D. 32 miles
10. At what speed did a plane fly if it traveled 1760 meters in 8 seconds?
A. 22 m/s B. 220 m/s C. 2,200 m/s D. 22,000 m/s
"Distance versus Displacement." The Physics Classroom. Accessed
February 22, 2021.
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-
1/Distance-and-Displacement.

Hewitt, Paul. Conceptual Physics. London: Pearson Education

Limited, 2015.

"Speed versus Velocity." The Physics Classroom. Accessed February

22, 2021.
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-1/Speed-
REFERENCE/S
and-Velocity.

"Speed, Velocity and Acceleration Test Questions - Other - GCSE

Physics (Single Science) Revision - BBC Bitesize." BBC News.
Accessed February 23, 2021.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z2b9hv4/test.

"Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration - Quiz." Quizizz. Accessed

February 23, 2021.
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5be5983e6ca452001bd0ab3e/spe
ed-velocity-and-acceleration.
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WRITTEN BY: SABINA I MANZANO, SST- II MAE ANN B. TAYAO, SST-I

Vitali National High School Vitali National High School