Water Resources Engineering Reg & Contents

ZIMBABWE
MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND TERTIARY EDUCATION
HIGHER EDUCATION EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

(HEXCO)
2014
REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUS FOR THE
NATIONAL DIPLOMA
IN
WATER RESOURCE ENGINEERING
Course Code: 588/14/TN/0
Implementation Date: January 2015

NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING – 588/09/TN/0
PREAMBLE
This course is designed to develop a technician with knowledge, skills and attitudes required
to carry out water resources engineering works. The minimum entry requirement is National
Certificate in Water Resources and Irrigation Engineering or equivalent. The course duration
is 2368 hours (three years) of institutional based training plus a minimum of 8 months on the
job training. The mode of study is full time or part time. Assessment is through written
examinations, coursework, a project and on the job training.
CONSULTATION YEAR
1. Ministry of Lands, Agriculture and Rural Resettlement 2014
2. Ministry of Local Government, National Housing & Public Works 2014
3. Zimbabwe Institution of Engineers 2014
4. Construction Industry Federation of Zimbabwe 2014
5. University of Zimbabwe (Department of

Agriculture/Civil Engineering) 2014
6. Zimbabwe National Water Authority (ZINWA) Mzingwane 2014

and Gwayi
7. Zimbabwe Mining and Smelting Company 2014
8. Irrig-8 2014
9. Torondo Engineering 2014
10. Light Rain 2014
11. Irrigation Institute Of Zimbabwe 2014
12. Johnson Pumps 2014
13. Ministry of Water Resources & Infrastructural Development 2014
14. National University of Science and Technology 2014
15. Midlands State University 2014
16. Institute of Water and Sanitation 2014
17. City of Bulawayo 2014
18. Ministry of Environment and Tourism 2014
2
19. Matebeleland Zambezi Water Project 2014

20. Bulawayo Polytechnic 2014
21 Harare Polytechnic 2014
22 Chinhoyi University of Technology 2014
PART I REGULATIONS
1. TITLE AND LEVEL OF AWARD
National Diploma in Water Resource Engineering.
2. AIM OF THE COURSE
The aim of the course is to develop a technician with knowledge, skills and attitudes
required to carry out water resource engineering works in the community.
3. OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE
At the end of the course, the graduate should be able to:
3.1 use an integrated approach in promoting Sustainable Water Resource

Engineering
3.2 harness positive cultural, social and economic factors for the promotion of
Water Resource Engineering.
3.3 promote proactive measures in the protection and management of the water
resources in the community.
3.4 demonstrate an understanding of the effects of hydrology in water Resource

Engineering
3.5 apply information and technology skills in Water Resource Engineering
3.6 draw and interpret water resource engineering designs.
3.7 carry out site operation; related to water resource engineering.
3.8 apply entrepreneurial skills in the field of water resource engineering.
3.9 demonstrate patriotism to national issues.
3.10 implement safety, health, environment and quality (SHEQ) regulations in the
work place.
3.11 Carry out research and development work for water resource engineering.
3.12 demonstrate a critical, logical and objective approach to problem solving at the
workplace.
3
4. COURSE STRUCTURE
SUBJECT CODE DURATION

HOURS
FIRST YEAR (ND1)
CORE SUBJECTS
1 Engineering Mathematics II 573/S12 216
2 Soil, Plant and Water Relations 579/S05 216
3 Computer Aided Design 579/S09 216
4 Soil Mechanics 578/S01 216
5 Fluid Mechanics 578/S06 216
6 National Strategic Studies 401/S01 80
SECOND YEAR (ND2)
7. Research Methodology 588/SO3 216
8 Theory of Structures I 578/S02 216
9 Project Management 578/S11 144
10 Irrigation Systems I 579/S01 216
11 Hydrology 588/S01 216
12 Design Project 588/S02 200
13 On the Job Training 588/S13 8 months
TOTAL 2368 Hours
5. COURSE DURATION
The duration of the National Diploma Water Resource Engineering shall be 2368 hours (3 years) plus a minimum of 8 months on
the job training.
6. ENTRY REQUIREMENTS
National Certificate in Water Resource and Irrigation Engineering or equivalent.
7. MODE OF STUDY
7.1 Full time 2368 hours plus 6 months (minimum) on the job education
and training in a relevant host.
7.2 Part-time 2368 hours spread over at least two years plus 6 months
(minimum) on the job training organisation and/or company.
4
8. ASSESSMENT
MODE OF ASSESSMENT
WRITTEN COURSEWORK ASSESSMENT
EXAMINABLE SUBJECTS EXAMINATION 60% TOTAL
40%
1. Engineering Mathematics II 3 hour paper A minimum of 100%
573/09/S12 2 Practicals 30%
2 Assignments 20%
2 Tests 10%
2. Soil, Plant and Water 3 hour paper A minimum of
Relations 2 Practicals 30% 100%
579/09/S10 2 Assignments 20%
2 Tests 10%
3. Soil Mechanics 3 hour paper A minimum of
578/09/S01 2 Practicals 30% 100%
2 Assignments 20%
2 Tests 10%
4. Computer Aided Design 3 hour paper A minimum of
579/09/S09 (theory) 50% 2 Practicals 30% 100%
4 hour paper 2 Assignments 20%
(practical) 50% 2 Tests 10%
5. Fluid Mechanics 3 hour paper A minimum of 100%
2 Assignments 20%
2 Tests 10%
SECOND YEAR (ND2)
6. National and Strategic 3 hour paper A minimum of
Studies 2 Practicals 30% 100%
401/05/S01 2 Assignments 20%
2 Tests 10%
7. Research Methodology 3 hour paper A minimum of
55/11/SO3 2 Practicals 30%
2 Assignments 20%
2 Tests 10%
8 Hydrology 3 hour paper A minimum of
588/09/S01 2 Practicals 30% 100%
2 Assignments 20%
2 Tests 10%
9. Project Management 3 hour paper A minimum of 100%
2 Assignments 20%
2 Tests 10%
10. Design Project
588/09/S02
11 Theory of Structures I 3 hour paper A minimum of 100%
2 Assignments 20%
2 Tests 10%
5
12. Irrigation Systems I 3 hour paper A minimum of 100%

2 Assignments 20%
2 Tests 10%
13. On the Job Training See guidelines in See guidelines in content 100%
588/09/S03 content document document and log book
and log book
9. GRADING
0% to 49% - Fail
50% to 59% - Pass
60% to 79% - Credit
80% to 100% - Distinction
10. CONDITIONS OF AWARD
10.1 A candidate should pass all the 13 compulsory subjects to be awarded a

National Diploma Certificate in Water Resource Engineering.
10.2 A candidate must pass on both the Continuous Assessment and the
examination components.
10.3 Non-submission of coursework will result in candidates being deferred.
11. RE-WRITE
11.1 A candidate should pass at least two thirds (9) of the subjects to qualify
for a re-write.
11.2 A candidate is given no time limit within which to re-write the failed
subject(s). This is subject to point 11.3 below.
11.3 Re-writes shall be based on the current syllabus regulations and content.
12. EXEMPTIONS
12.1 Exemptions shall be in subject(s) already passed where a certificate or Diploma

was awarded.
12.2 Exemptions should be applied for at enrolment stage.
13. RESOURCES
13.1 Lecturer Qualifications
A minimum of a Higher National Diploma in Water Resource Engineering or

equivalent
6
13.2 Laboratory Technicians
Minimum of National Diploma in the relevant field.
13.3 Tools and Equipment (see Appendix I)
13.4 Suggested Textbooks (see Appendix II)
7
APPENDIX I
BASIC TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT (A class of 12 students)
1. Soils Mechanics Laboratory Equipment Quantity
a) Soil Preparation
Riffle box 6
Pestle and Mortar 6
Sample pans 10
Basins 12
Platform balance 6
b) Soil Classification
A series of nested sieves – 19mm; 9.5mm

4.75mm; 2.36mm; 1.18mm; 600mm; 300mm;
150mm & 75mm 1 each
Sieve shaker 2
Balances 6
Drying ovens 6
Liquid limit (casagrande and cone penetrometer) 6
Glass plates 6
Grooving tools 6
Linear shrinkage moulds 6
Specific gravity bottles 12
Pycnometer 6
Hydrometers 6
Density Testing Apparatus 6
Moulds, Hammers, Moisture content Bottles and dishes
Density cylinder (Sand replacement) 6 each
Shear box apparatus 6 each
Triaxial compression apparatus 2
Permeability Apparatus (permeameters) 6
CBR Testing Apparatus
2. EQUIPMENT FOR ENGINEERING SURVEYING
Ranging rods 12
Arrows 12
Tapes: 100m steel, fribron 6 each
50m steel, fribron
30m linen, fibron, 3m tapes
Optical squares 6
Clinometers, roller grips, spring balance, thermometer 6 each
Prismatic compass 6
Plan table board and equipment 6 each
Levels – dumpy, Tilting and Automatic 6 each
Levelling staves 6 each
Theodolites: T1, T16, T2 (or equivalent) 6
Tangents for theodolite work 6
Direct reading tachometers 6
Substance bar 6
8
3. EQUIPMENT FOR IRRIGATION ENGINEERING DRAWING
Scale ruler 12
T Square 12
Drawing boards 12
Protractors 12
Set Squares 12
Sets of compasses 12
4. EQUIPMENT FOR IRRIGATION ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION
Concrete mixer 1
Platform scale 6
UTM slump cone 6
Vicat’s Apparatus 6
Slump cone 6
Compaction apparatus 6
Schmidt Hammer 6
Flexure testing machine 6
CBR testing apparatus 6
9
APPENDIX II
SUGGESTED TEXTBOOKS
1. Backhouse J.R. and

Houldsworth S.P.T. (1994) Pure Mathematics Book 1 & 2 Hong Kong Longman
2. Barr Y. R. (1991) The Construction of Buildings Victoria B.S.P.

Volume 1 to 5 Professional Books
3. Bird J.O. and (1994) Technician Mathematics Essex Longman

May A.J.C. Book 1 to 4 Scientific
4. Craig R.F. (1998) Soil Mechanics London Chapman

and Hall
5. Frank Durks (1996) Structural Mechanics Essex Addison Wesley

Morgan W. and
Williams D.T.
6. Grundy J.T. (1990) Construction Technology London Edward Arnold

Volume 1 to 4
7. Jackson N. and (1990) Civil Engineering Materials Hampshire Macmillan

Education
8. McKay W.B. (1991) Building Construction Harlow, Longman

Volume 1 Essex
Scientific and
Technical

Volume 2 Essex Scientific and
Technical

Volume 3 Essex Scientific and
Technical
11. McKay W.B. (1993) Brickwork Volume 1 Cheltenham Stanley

Thornes
13. Henderson F.M. (1999) Open Channel Flow New York The MacMillan
Company
14. Neville A. M & (2002) Concrete Technology Harlow Essex Addison Wesley
Longman Limited
15. Smith M.J. (2001) Soil Mechanics Harlow Essex Scientific &
Technical
10
APPENDIX III
Suggested Paper Structures
SUBJECT PAPER STRUCTURE

1. Engineering Mathematics II short structured calculations
573/09/S12 long structured calculations
2. Soil, Plant and Water structured
Relations Essays
579/09/S05 Drawings/sketches
Calculations
3. Soil Mechanics structured
578/09/S01 Drawings/sketches
Calculations
4. Computer Aided Design Structured
579/09/S09 Essays
Drawings/sketches
Calculations
5. Fluid Mechanics structured
578/09/S06 Calculations
6. National and Strategic Studies 401/05/S01 As per guidelines in subject document
7. Research methodology Structured
Essays
Calculations
8 Hydrology Structured Drawings/Ste
588/09/S01 Essays
Calculations
9. Project Management Structured
578/09/S11 Essays
Drawings/sketches
Calculations
10. Research Project As per guidelines in subject document.
588/09/S02
11 Theory of Structures I Structured
578/09/S02 Essays
Drawings/sketches
Calculations
12. Irrigation Systems I Structured
579/09/S01 Essays
Drawings/sketches
Calculations
13. On the Job Training 588/09/S13 As per guidelines in subject document
and log book.
11
PART II
SYLLABI CONTENT
COURSE STRUCTURE AND DURATION
SUBJECT CODE DURATION

HOURS
FIRST YEAR (ND1)
CORE SUBJECTS
1 Engineering Mathematics II 573/S12 216
2 Soil, Plant and Water Relations 579/S05 216
3 Computer Aided Design 579/S09 216
4 Soil Mechanics 578/S01 216
5 Fluid Mechanics 578/S06 216
6 National Strategic Studies 401/S01 80
SECOND YEAR (ND2)
7 Research Methodology 588//SO2 216
8 Theory of Structures I 578/S02 216
9 Project Management 578/S11 144
10 Irrigation Systems I 579/S01 216
11 Hydrology 588/S01 216
12 Design Project 588/S02 200
13 On the Job Training 588/S13 8 months
TOTAL 2368
12
SUBJECT TITLE: ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS II
SUBJECT CODE: 573/S12
DURATION: 216 HOURS
1.0 AIM OF THE SUBJECT
To provide students with the fundamental knowledge of mathematics essential in the

development of Water Resource Engineering Technician
2.0 SUBJECT OBJECTIVES
At the end of the course the student should be able to:
2.1 apply mathematical principles in solving practical problems.
2.2 use algebraic theories in solving applied problems
2.3 analyse engineering problem solving tools
2.4 apply statistical tools for data analysis and research
3.0 TOPICS
INDICES AND LOGARITHMS
ALGEBRA
CALCULUS
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
STATISTICS
ELEMENTARY VECTOR CALCULUS
13
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 INDICES AND LOGARITHMS
4.1.1 Define terms and cover basic theory including change of base.
4.1.2 Solve equations involving exponentials and logarithms.
4.1.3 Sketch graphs of log ax, ax and ex.
4.2 ALGEBRA
4.2.1 Permutations and Combinations
- Factorial notation and evaluation of nPr and nCr.

- Work out problems involving permutations and combinations.
4.2.2 Binomial Theorem Applications
- Expand terms of the form (a + x)n for n positive, negative and

fractional.
- Determine approximate values using binomial expansion.
4.2.3 Solutions of equations by iterative methods.
4.2.4 Elementary Matrix Algebra
- Find the inverse and the determinant of a matrix.

- Solve linear equations using matrices and determinants.
4.2.5 Elementary Vector Algebra
- Define a vector, modulus, and direction.

- Give vector components in 3 mutually perpendicular directions.
- Addition and subtraction of vectors.
- Find scalar and vector products.
- Work out problems involving dot products (work done) and vector
products (moment and angular velocity).
- Define and work out problems involving directional cosines.
4.3 CALCULUS
4.3.1 Implicit differentiation and Chain Rule.
4.3.2 Logarithmic functions – differentiate and integrate.
14
4.3.3 Exponential functions – differentiate and integrate.
4.3.4 Apply logarithmic differentiation to certain functions.
4.3.5 Hyperbolic functions – differentiate and integrate.
4.3.6 Inverse trigonometric functions and differentiation.
4.3.7 Inverse hyperbolic functions and differentiation.
4.3.8 Integrate (functions by substitution).
4.3.9 Partial fractions and applications to integration.
4.3.10 Apply integration by parts.
4.3.11 Derive Maclaurin’s series and test for convergence.
- Expand eax, 1n(1 + x); (1 + x)n; sin ax; cos ax; sinhax, coshax.
- Approximate values given constants using Maclaurin’s Series and
Taylor’s series.
- Integration by series expansion.
4.3.12 Applications of integration to curve tracing, areas, volumes of rotation shell

method and disc methods, mean and R.M.S. values.
4.3.13 Applications of integration to centroids and moments of inertia.
4.4 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
4.4.1 Introduce the formation and solutions of differential equations.
4.4.2 Solve first order variable separable type.
4.4.3 Solve homogenous first order type.

4.4.4 Solve linear first order type of the form
where P and Q are functions of x.
4.4.5 Solve equations of second order of the form:
where a, b, c are constants.
15
4.5 STATISTICS
4.5.1 measures of central tendency and dispersion.
4.5.2 Apply laws of probability to problems of chance.
4.5.3 Work out probability problems using the binomial and poison distributions.
(discrete)
4.5.4 Work out problems using the normal distribution (continuous).
4.5.5 Work out problems on distributions

- Regression lines and curve fitting by method of least squares.
-Correlation
4.6 ELEMENTARY VECTOR CALCULUS
Differentiation and integration of vector functions
16
5.0 SUGGESTED REFERENCE BOOKS
1 Rueger J.M. (1989) Electronic Distance Measurement Springer-Verlag

London, Sidney
2 Backhouse J.R & (2002) Pure Mathematics Book 1 Hong Kong

Houldsworth Longman
S.P.T
3 Bird J.O. & May (2001) Technician Mathematics Book 1 & 2 Essex Longman
A.J.C Scientific
4 Bostock and Chandler (1996) Col course for Advanced level
5. Bostock and Chandler (1996) Pure Mathematics
6 Bostock and Chandler (1996) Statistics
6.0 ASSESSMENT SPECIFICATION GRID
TOPIC NO. TOPIC WEIGHTING%

1 INDICES AND LOGARITHMS 10
2 ALGEBRA 15
3 CALCULUS 20
4 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 20
5 STATISTICS 20
6 ELEMENTARY VECTOR CALCULUS 15
TOTAL 100%
17
SUBJECT: SOIL, PLANT AND WATER RELATIONS
DURATION: 216 HOURS
1.0 AIM(S) OF THE SUBJECT
The aim of the subject is to equip the student with knowledge of soil, plant and water
interactions required for irrigation at scheduling.
2.0 OBJECTIVES OF THE SUBJECT
2.1 describe different soil physical properties.
2.2 explain the soil chemical properties.
2.3 identify and describe organic matter content, its sources and benefits to the
soil.
2.4 identify and explain the main groups and roles of micro-organisms.
2.5 understand soil moisture status in relation to irrigation practice.
2.6 understand the role of osmosis and the movement of water uptake.
2.7 explain the importance of evapo-transpiration and its impact on irrigation

scheduling.
3.0 TOPICS
SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
SOIL ORGANIC MATTER AND FERTILITY
SOIL MICRO ORGANISMS
SOIL MOISTURE
PLANT WATER UPTAKE
CROP WATER REQUIREMENTS
18
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
4.1.1 Determine soil texture using the feel, sedimentation and sieve methods.
4.1.2 Textural categories of primary soil particles and soil group types using the
textural triangle.
4.1.3 The soil structural categories and their general characteristics and occurrence.
4.1.4 The soil depth and soil horizons (soil profile).
4.1.5 Soil Porosity and density.
4.1.6 Soil Density (Bulk density and particle density).
4.2 SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
4.2.1 Soil mineral composition.

4.2.2 Soil pH reactions and soil mineral availability to plants.
4.2.3 Soil salinity and sodicity and their effects.
4.2.4 Cation Exchange Capacity and factors that affect CEC.
4.2.5 Base saturation.
4.3 SOIL ORGANIC MATTER AND FERTILITY
4.3.1 Benefits of organic matter in the soil.

4.3.2 Measurement methods for organic matter in Crop field.
4.3.3 Major sources of organic matter in crop field.
4.4 SOIL MICRO ORGANISMS
4.4.1 The main groups of soil micro organisms.

4.4.2 The role of micro organisms in the soil.
4.4.3 The major sources of organic matter in a crop field.
4.5 SOIL MOISTURE
4.5.1 Infiltration and its measurement.

4.5.2 Methods of soil moisture measurement: the oven method; neutron probe and
tensiometer. - the oven method
- rope method
-
4.5.3 Explain soil moisture status by: Mass (mass wetness: w) and by volume
(volume wetness: (W; Vw).
4.5.4 Forms of soil water: hydroscopic water, capillary water and gravitations water.
4.5.5 Soil coaler concepts in relation to irrigation practice.
- Permanent Wilting Point (PWP).
- Field Capacity (FC).
- Available Soil Moisture (ASM).
- Management Allowance Depletion (MAD).
4.5.6 Soil moisture release characteristic curves.
4.5.7 Soil air/moisture component.
19
4.6 PLANT WATER UPTAKE
4.6.1 Osmosis in water uptake.

4.6.2 Movement of water up the plant xylem (cohesion – adhesion theory.
4.6.3 The transpiration pull and how the SPAC is maintained.
4.7 CROP WATER REQUIREMENTS
4.7.1 Evapo-transpiration and the factors that influence it.

4.7.2 Methods of measurement of Evapo-transpiration and the Penman Monteith
methods. crop Evapo transpiration and its derivation using ETo and Kc
4.7.3 The Etc and its derivation using ET0 and kc.
4.7.4 Relate Etc to crop growth stages.
4.7.5 Calculate the following:
- Leaching requirements.
- Effective precipitation (Pe).
- Irrigation water requirements (IWR).
4.7.6 The agronomic aspects of irrigation.
- Various crop types and appropriate irrigation systems.
- Irrigation scheduling cropping programmers.
- Benefits of irrigation scheduling
- Crops water use efficiency.
20
1. FAO Irrigation Manual
2. GIT Irrigation Manuals
3. FAO Bulletin 24 Crop Water Requirements
4. FAO Bulletin 33 Yield Response to water
5. Bradly E. (1986) Soil fertility by
6. www.sciencedirect.com
7. www.Fao.org/docrepl
TOPIC NO. TOPIC WEIGHTING

1 SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 20%
2 SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 10%
3 SOIL ORGANIC MATTER AND 10%
FERTILITY
4 MICRO-ORGANISMS 10%
5 SOIL MOISTURE 20%
6 PLANT WATER UPTAKE 10%
7 CROP WATER REQUIREMENTS 20%
TOTAL 100%
21
SUBJECT: COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN
DURATION: 216 Hours
The aim of the subject is to-:
1.1 To equip the student with basic knowledge and skills in computer aided
design.
2.1 explain the requirements of software and hardware for installation Autocad.
2.2 demonstrate knowledge for setting the drawing environment.
2.3 create and edit drawing using AUTOCAD
2.4 demonstrate knowledge of viewing a drawing using various tool bars.
2.5 demonstrate knowledge of applying drawing skills to produce drawings
2.6 output a drawing so as to print and plot
2.7 apply drawing skills to produce working drawings
2.8 use Three-Dimension (3D) entity drawing basics
2.9 install and start AutoCad for windows
3.0 TOPICS
AUTOCAD BASICS
SETTING THE DRAWING ENVIRONMENT
CREATING AND EDITING A DRAWING
VIEWING A DRAWING
APPLYING SKILLS OF AUTOCAD
OUTPUTTING DRAWINGS
PRACTICAL DRAWINGS
THREE DIMENSION ENTITY DRAWING BASICS
AUTOCAD FOR WINDOWS
22
4.0 CONTENT
A 4.1 AUTOCAD BASICS
4.1.1 Software and Hardware requirement for AutoCAD

- Software Environment
- Hardware Environment
4.1.2 The AutoCAD Interface
- Starting AutoCAD
- Drawing Interface
- Menu and Dialogue Box
4.1.3 File Editor and Help
- Starting and Opening a File
- Saving
- Utilities
- Impecting/Exporting a File
- Editing AutoCAD
- Help
4.1.4 Installing and Configuring
- Installing AutoCAD
- Configuration
4.1.5 Entity
- Principles
- Properties
4.2 SETTING THE DRAWING ENVIRONMENT
4.2.1 The Coordinate systems of AutoCAD

- Two-dimensional and three-dimensional point
- World Coordinate Systems (WCS)
- User Coordinate System (UCS)
- Labels of Coordinates
4.2.2 Inputting the Data
- point
- distance
- angle
- displacement
4.2.3 Grid
- Setting and displaying a grid
- Snapping the grid
4.2.4 Setting the drawing limits and units
4.2.5 Orthogonal Transformation
4.2.6 Setting the entity properties
4.2.7 Setting the variables
4.3 CREATING AND EDITING A DRAWING
4.3.1 Creating a drawing

- Point
- Line, dline and pline
23
- Circle and donut

- Ellipse and Arc
- Rectangle and Polygon
- Batch, Hatch and Fill
- Offset
- Sketch
- Solid and Trace
- Osnap
4.3.2 Editing Commands

- Selecting objects
- Erase and oops
- Copy and move
- Array and mirror
- Stretch and extend
- Rotate and scale
- Fillet and chamfer
- Break and trim
- Divide and measure
- Edit and change
- U and undo
- Text and Dtext
- Editing with grips
4.4 VIEWING A DRAWING
4.4.1 Displaying a drawing

- Zoom and Pan
- Naming a view
- Redraw and Regen
4.4.2 Inquiry
- Area calculation
- Inquiring coordinates of the point (ID)
- Listing the objects information
4.4.3 Multiwindow displaying
- Mode space and paper space
- Mview
- Vports
4.5 APPLYING SKILLS OF AUTOCAD
4.5.1 Layer Utilities

- Introduction
- Creating a New Layer
- Linetype and Colour
4.5.2 Block Utilities
- Introduction
- Relationship between block and layer
- Definition of block
- Inserting a block
24
- Saving a block
4.5.3 Dimension
- Dimension commands
- Setting dimension variables
- Editing dimension
4.5.4 Text
- Setting text style
- Text input command
4.6 OUTPUTTING A DRAWING
4.6.1 Drawing output command

4.6.2 Plotter and printer
4.6.3 Outputting a drawing
4.7 Practical Drawing Exercises
4.7.1 Exercise 1: Student’s Flat Design (Plan View)

4.7.2 Exercise 2: House design (Plan, Elevation and Section View).
4.8 THREE-DIMENSION (3D) ENTITY DRAWING BASICS
4.8.1 3D entity drawing with 2D drawing command.
4.8.2 3D entity basic drawing command.
4.8.3 Viewing 3D drawing.
4.9 AUTOCAD FOR WINDOWS
4.9.1 Current/ latest AutoCAD version.
4.9.2 Current/ latest AutoCAD version .
1 Barry R. (2000) The Construction of Buildings Vol. 1 – 5 Victoria BSP

Professional
Books
2 McKay W.B. (1991) Building Construction Vol. 1 Harlow Essex

Longman
Scientific
3 Chadley R. (1999) Construction Technology Vol 1 to 4 England

Longman
4 Any other AUTOCAD related websites, sources of information and internet
25

1 AUTOCAD BASIC 15%
2 SETTING THE DRAWING 20%
ENVIRONMENT
3 CREATING AND EDITING 35%
DRAWING
4 VIEW DRAWING 3%
5 APPLYING SKILLS OF AUTOCAD 3%
6 OUTPUTTING DRAWING 4%
7 EXERCISES 10%
8 THREE DIMENSION ENTITY 5%
DRAWING BASICS
9 AUTOCAD FOR WINDOWS 5%
TOTAL 100%
26
SUBJECT: SOIL MECHANICS
CODE: 578/09/S01
DURATION: 216 HOURS
1. AIM OF THE SUBJECT
The aim of the subject is to equip students with appropriate skills and knowledge to
apply Soil Mechanics principles to Water Resource Irrigation and Civil engineering.
2. OBJECTIVES OF THE SUBJECT
At the end of the course, the student should be able to:-
3.1 identify effects of earth pressures
3.2 analyse vertical and effective stresses and behaviour of soils
3.3 test canals and retaining walls
3.4 perform soil tests.
3.0 TOPICS
EARTH PRESSURE
EFFECTIVE STRESS
VERTICAL STRESS
BEARING CAPACITY
CONSOLIDATION
RETAINING WALLS AND SHEET PILE WALLS
GEOLOGY OF SPECIAL STRUCTURES
SOILS TESTS
27
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 EARTH PRESSURE
4.1.1 Occurrence and the effects of earth pressures through analysis:-
- vertical, back and horizontal fill surfaces
- analysing surcharge loadings on backfill and
- water tables at different levels.
4.2 EFFECTIVE STRESS
The concept of effective stress and pore pressure coefficients for application in
consolidation analysis through:-
- relationship between effective stress and void ratio
- using and applying pore pressure coefficients.
4.3 VERTICAL STRESS

4.3.1 determine how surface loads induce stress in underlying
soil masses through:-
- defining vertical stress
- analysing vertical stresses due to point and distributed load
- applying Boussinesq formula in computations of stress distribution
- using various empirical formulae relating to vertical stress
distribution.
4.4.2 bearing capacity

- failure modes
- bearing capacity (ultimate, net ultimate).
- applyingTerzaghi’s bearing capacity equations for:-
i) A strip footing
ii) A circular footing
iii) A rectangular footing
NB: Definition of terms in equations only is required and not derivations.
4.4.3 determine the bearing capacities for water tables located:-

- Well below foundation
- At the surface
- Just at foundation level
- defining and computing factors of safety against shear failure.
4.5 CONSOLIDATION
4.5.1 defining consolidation
4.5.2 oedometer test
4.5.3 Terzaghi’s consolidation theory and assumptions
4.5.4 consolidation parameters/coefficients:-
- Volume compressibility
28
- Coefficient of expansion
- Time factor
- Degree of consolidation
4.5.5 The relationship between void ratio and sample thickness

4.5.6 Compute void ratios at different loads:-
4.5.7 Plot time/settlement curves.
4.5.8 Apply Construction period correction determination.
4.6 RETAINING WALLS AND SHEET PILE WALLS

4.6.1 Solving settlement problems through defining and analysing retaining
walls:-
- Determination of loads
-Computation of factors of safety.
4.6.2 Sheet pile wall:

-Cantilever
-Anchored
4.6.3 Sheet pile walls analysis using the free earth support method.
4.6.4 The functions of braced excavators and diaphragm wall
- Braced excavations
- Diaphragm walls
4.7 GEOLOGY OF SPECIAL STRUCTURES
4.7.1 Solving Settlement problems through foundations

- reservoirs
- tunnels
- transport routes
- bridges
4.7.2 Solving settlement problems through foundations for open excavations.
4.8 SOIL TESTS
Carrying out soil test
- California Bearing Ratio (CBR)

- Shear box
- Triaxial Compression test i.e. undrained, drained and consolidated
undrained.
- Texas Triaxial tests.
4.8.2 Presentation of results and report writing
4.8.3 Evaluating soil test results for a project and presenting reports.
29
5.0 SUGGESTED REFERENCES
1 Craig R.F. (2000) Soil Mechanics London

Chapman and
Hall
2 Smith M.J. (2001) Soil Mechanics Harlow

Scientific &
Technical
3 Other sources of information internet journals, newspapers, magazines, etc

1 EARTH PRESSURE 8%
2 EFFECTIVE STRESS 8%
3 VERTICAL STRESS 14%
4 BEARING CAPACITY 15%
5 CONSOLIDATION 14%
6 RETAINING WALLS AND SHEET 15%
PILE WALLS
7 GEOLOGY OF SPECIAL 10%
STRUCTURES
8 SOIL TESTS 15%
TOTAL 100%
30
SOIL MECHANICS
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
SOIL MECHANICS LABORATORY EQUIPMENT
1. Soil Preparation
Riffle Box
Pestle and Mortar
Sample Pans
Basins
Platform balance
2. Soil Classification
A series of nested sieves – 19 mm; 9.5 mm; 4.75 mm; 2.36 mm; 1.18 mm; 600 mm;
300 mm; 150 mm; and 75 mm.
Sieve shaker
Balances
Drying Ovens
Liquid limit (Casagrande and cone penetrometer)
Glass plates
Grooving tools
Linear shrinkage moulds
Specific gravity bottles
Pycnometer
Hydrometers
Density Testing Apparatus
Moulds, Hammers, Moisture content Bottles and
Dishes, Density Cylinder (Sand Replacement)
Shear box apparatus
Triaxial compression apparatus
Permeability Apparatus (permeameters)
CBR testing apparatus.
31
SUBJECT : FLUID MECHANICS
CODE : 578/09/S06
DURATION : 216 HOURS
1. AIMS OF THE SUBJECT
The aim of the subject is to enable the student to acquire the appropriate mathematical
skills and techniques to address fluid behaviour.
2.1 quantify motion using basic dynamics
2.2 comprehend the properties of fluids and the behaviour of static fluids
2.3 select methods and equipment for flow rate measurement
2.4 analyse the flow of liquids in pipes
3. TOPICS
BASIC DYNAMICS
FLUID STATICS
LIQUIDS IN MOTION
MEASUREMENT OF FLOW
MOMENTUM PRINCIPLES
PIPE FLOW
CHANNEL FLOW
VISCOUS FLOW
FLOW UNDER VARYING HEAD
32
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 BASIC DYNAMICS
4.1.1 Vector quantities
- Notation
- Addition and subtraction
- Displacement
- Velocity and acceleration
- The relationship between displacement, velocity, and time.
4.2 FLUID STATICS
4.2.1 Properties of gases and liquids.

4.2.2 Behaviour of static fluids.
4.2.3 Static pressure and heading and distinguishing between pressure and
thrust.
- Pressure intensity.
- Change in pressure with depth
- Pascal's law for pressure at a point
- Pressure head.
- Atmospheric pressure
4.2.4 Fluid pressure on plane and curved surfaces
- Centre of pressure.
- Pressure diagrams and resultant thrust.
- Resultant fluid force on inclined plane surfaces.
4.3 LIQUIDS IN MOTION
4.3.1 Types of flow

- Laminar flow
- Turbulent flow.
4.3.2 Flow parameters

- Velocity
- Discharge
- Flow rate.
4.3.3 The continuity of flow equation
- Pipes in series
- Pipes in parallel
- Pipes with varying diameters
4.3.4 The motion of liquids
33
- Momentum
- Rate of change of momentum
- Newton's laws of motion
4.3.5 Forms of energy in liquid in motion
- Potential
- Kinetic
- Pressure.
4.3.6 deriving and applying Bernoulli's equation
- Potential head
- Pressure head
- Velocity head
- Total head.
4.4 MEASUREMENT OF FLOW
4..4.1 Methods selected and use of flow measuring devices:

- Venturi meter
- Pitot tube
- Small and large orifices.
4.4.2 Flow rate measurement factors:

- Vena contracta
- Coefficient of discharge.
- Coefficient of contraction
- Coefficient of velocity.
4.4.3 Flow rate measuring devices:

- Vee notches
- trapezoidal notches
- Rectangular notches
- Sharp-crested weirs
- Broad-crested weirs.
4.4.4 calculating discharge using empirical formulae for:

- Vee notches
- Rectangular notches
- Sharp - crested weirs
- Broad Crested weirs
34
4.5 MOMENTUM PRINCIPLES
4.5.1 Transfer of energy from a liquid in motion to a stationary or moving surface:-

- Forces exerted by a jet of liquid on flat surfaces and curved vanes
- forces exerted by a moving fluid on:

- Reducers
- nozzles
- Pipe bends (Converging and non-converging)
4.6 PIPE FLOW
4.6.1 Energy losses in pipes
- surface friction (Darcy's & Mannings' formulae)

- change in pipe diameter.
- change in direction of flow.
4.6.2 Total energy gradient and the hydraulic gradient
4.6.3 Discharge and energy lose calculations

- Pipes in series.
- Pipes in parallel.
- Branching pipes.
- Hazen - Williams equation.
4.6.4 explaining the water hammer for the following cases:
- Gradual closure of valve

- Instantaneous closure of valve
4.6.5 The use of surge tanks

- Calculation of surge velocity
4.7 CHANNEL FLOW
4.7.1 Types of channel sections

- Rectangular
- Circular
- Trapezoidal.
4.7.2 Flow in open channels.

- Uniform flow
- Non-uniform flow
- Varied flow
- Steady flow (Reynolds number)
- Unsteady flow.
4.7.3 Calculation of flow parameters
35
- Chezy's formula
- Manning’s formula.
4.8 FLOW UNDER VARIED HEAD
4.8.1 Principles of flow under varying heads and quantities

- Empty a tank
- Fill a reservoir from another reservoir
4.8.2 Calculation of time taken to fill reservoir
Calculation of time to empty a tank
1 Bird J.O. l (2001) Technician Essex Longman

Mathematics Book
1–4
2 Backhouse J.R (2002) Pure Mathematics 1 & Hong kong

2 Longman
3 Henderson F.M. (1999) Open Channel Flow New York The

MacMillan
4 Other sources of information e.g. internet, journals etc.

1 BASIC DYNAMICS 10%
2 FLUID STATISTICS 10%
3 LIQUIDS IN MOTION 10%
4 MEASUREMENT OF FLOW 10%
5 MOMENTUM PRINCIPLES 10%
6 PIPE FLOW 10%
7 CHANNEL FLOW 15%
8 VISCOUS FLOW 10%
9 FLOW UNDER VARYING HEAD 15%
TOTAL 100%
36
SUBJECT TITLE : THEORY OF STRUCTURES
SUBJECT CODE : 578/S02

The aim of the subject is to:
1. 1 develop a clear and accurate approach in the analysis and design aspects of
structural elements.
2.1 demonstrate knowledge with the computation procedures, practical application

and analysis of encastrie beams using deflection.
2.2 analyse continuous beams using the moment area method, slope deflection
method, and three moment equation.
2.3 explain analysise of portal frames
2.4 analyse the distribution of shear stress in beams.
2.5 define and analysise of axially loaded columns and struts.
2.6 apply software packages of structural analysis and understand their scope and
limitations.
2.7 demonstrate the occurrence and analysis of stress and strain
3.0 TOPICS
ENCASTRE BEAMS
CONTINUOUS BUILT-IN BEAMS
PORTAL FRAMES
SHEAR STRESS DISTRIBUTION
COLUMNS AND STRUTS
COMPUTER APPLICATION
STRESS AND STRAIN
37
4.0. CONTENT
4.1 ENCASTRE BEAMS

4.1.1 Computation procedures practical application and analysis of encastre beams
using deflection method through determining:-
- determining fixed end moments
- determining deflection
- determining rotations
4.2 CONTINUOUS AND BUILT-IN BEAMS
4.2.1 Analyse continuous beams using the following four methods:

- Moment area method
- Slope Deflection method
- Three moment equation
- Moment Distribution method
4.3 PORTAL FRAMES.
4.3.1 Analysis of Portal Frames

- single bay - single storey frames
- non - sway frames.
- use of the slope deflection method for analysis.
- use of moment distribution method
4.4 SHEAR STRESS DISTRIBUTION
4.4.1 Shear stress and complimentary shear stress

4. 4.2 Shear stresses at different levels of a beam (for channel, I, T sections etc).
4.4.3 drawing shear stress distribution diagrams
4.5 COLUMNS AND STRUTS
4.5.1 Analysis of axial loaded columns and struts

- use the Euler formula
- use the Perry Robertson Formula
- load factor and factor of safety determination
- use of the Rankine-Gordon formula
- Comparison of axial loaded column and struts formulae
4.6 COMPUTER APPLICATION
4.6.1 Use of software packages for analysis of

- Continuous beams
- Portal frames.
4.6.2 Advantages and limits of computer packages
4.6.3 application and checking of results by manual analysis
38
4.7 STRESS AND STRAIN
4.7.1 Occurrence and analysis of stress and strain through:-

- defining stress and strain
- computing stress and strain for compound bars and tubes
- defining temperature stress
- compute temperature stresses for materials in series and materials and in
parallel
- computer changes in length due to temperature stress and externally
applied loads
39
1 McKay W.B. (1999) Building Harlow

Construction Longman
Vol. 1
2 McKay W.B. (2003) Building Harlow

Construction Longman
3 Bird J.O. (2001) Technician Essex Longman

Mathematics
Book 1 to 4
4 Other sources of information e.g. internet, journals etc.

1 ENCASTRE BEAMS 5%
2 CONTINUOUS BUILT IN BEAMS 10%
3 PORTAL FRAMES 20%
4 SHEAR STRESS DISTRIBUTION 20%
5 COLUMNS AND STRUTS 20%
6 COMPUTER APPLICATION 10%
7 STRESS AND STRAIN 15%
TOTAL 100%
40
SUBJECT TITLE : PROJECT MANAGEMENT
SUBJECT CODE : 578/09/S11

The aim of the subject is to :-
develop knowledge, skills and attitudes for the effective planning and control of
construction works.
2. OBJECTIVES
2.1 apply management principles to water resource engineering
2.2 understand the organisational structure and communication patterns.
2.3 apply contractual procedures from pre-tendering stage to final certification.
2.4 calculate quantities and follow tendering procedures
2.5 procure, use and control labour materials and equipment
2.6 Implement safety health environment regulations in the work place
2.7 apply quality control measures
3. TOPICS
ELEMENTS OF MANAGEMENT.
STRUCTURE AND OPERATION OF AN ORGANISATION IN THE CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY
CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT
ESTIMATING AND TENDERING.
CONSTRUCTION PLANNING.
COST CONTROL.
LABOUR, MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT.
QUALITY CONTROL.
SAFETY AND HEALTH.
41
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 ELEMENTS OF MANAGEMENT
4.1.1 Management and related elements

4.1.2 Functions of management and management structures.
4.1.3 Management concepts –
- authority, responsibility and accountability
4.2 STRUCTURE AND OPERATION OF AN ORGANISATION IN THE

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
4.2.1 Organizational chart/structure
4.2.2 Communication links within the Organisational structure
4.3 CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT
4.3.1 Various types of civil and building contracts.

4.3.2 General conditions of contract in accordance with the Zimbabwe Institute of
Engineers (Z.I.E). "General conditions of Contract latest edition and the I.C.E.
conditions of contract ( Latest edition)
4.3.3 Documents and references used by firms

- obtaining work and tendering
- contract/project documents
- project drawings
- reference sources on site
4.4 ESTIMATING AND TENDERING
4.4.1 The importance of estimation.

- parties involved in estimating and tendering
- techniques used in estimating
- calculation of quantities of materials needed for the construction.
4.4.2 calculation of man - hours required for the execution of specified

construction activities (excavation, concrete works, formwork erection etc).
4.4.3 The tendering procedures and the selection process:

- compare and apply the different methods of tendering
- evaluate the criteria for the selection of tenders for both public and private
works.
4.5 CONSTRUCTION PLANNING
4.5.1 The importance of planning and controlling process in the construction industry.
- elements of planning and control
- parties involved in planning process
42
4.5.2 Programming techniques

- bar charts
- line of balance.
- network analysis (CPM).
- precedence network diagram.
- mention PERT.
4.6 COST CONTROL
4.6.1 Effective cost control procedures

- main features of cost control methods and systems in current use
- site cost control.
- total cost elements, break-even charts etc.
4.7 LABOUR, MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
4.7.1 Human resources management

- recruitment and selection of operatives
- induction and career development of subordinates
- motivation of sub-ordinates
- leadership relating to work team performance
- roles of trade union representatives
- handling grievances and disputes
4.7.2 Material plant and equipment

- purchasing procedures
- calculating quantities of materials, plant and equipment (including plant
selection).
- maintenance of plant and equipment
- minimising waste on site
- site security
4.8 QUALITY CONTROL

On site and Off site quality Control
4.8.1 Relevance of specifications in quality control

4.8.2 Apply methods of quality control
4.8.3 Procedures for enforcing quality control
- statistical methods
4.9 SAFETY AND HEALTH
4.9.1 Health and safety requirements on construction site
- site layout
- health and safe work places
- safety, health and welfare arrangements
- safety inspections, notifications and notices
4.9.2 Financial protection in case of accidents
4.9.3 Health and Safety Legislation
43
1 Neville A.M. (2002) Concrete Technology Harlow Addison

Wesley
2 McKay W.B. (2003) Building Construction Vol. 3 Harlow

3 Barr Y.R (2000) The Construction of Buildings Victoria BSP
Vol. 1 – 5 Professional
Books
4 Any other source of information e.g. internet, journals etc.

1 ELEMENTS OF MANAGEMENT 10%
2 STRUCTURE & OPERATION OF AN 10%
ORGANISATION IN THE
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
3 CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT 12%
4 ESTIMATING AND TENDERING 12%
5 CONSTRUCTION PLANNING 12%
6 COST CONTROL 10%
7 LABOUR, MATERIALS & EQUIPMENT 12%
8 QUALITY CONTROL 12%
9 SAFETY & HEALTH 10%
TOTAL 100%
44
SUBJECT: IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
DURATION: 216 HOURS
The aim of the subject is to equip the student with knowledge and skills to design,
implement and manage irrigation systems.
At the end of the course the content, the student should be able to:
2.1 operate and maintain irrigation schemes.
2.2 collect data for design and evaluation purposes.
2.3 evaluate and select appropriate equipment for use on irrigation schemes.
2.4 calculate unit costs for water and energy.
2.5 design irrigation systems.
3.0 TOPICS
INTRODUCTION TO IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
INFRASTRUCTURE AND EQUIPMENT
PUMPING SYSTEMS
FILTRATION AND SEDIMENTATION SYSTEMS
EQUIPMENT TESTING
AUTOMATED SYSTEMS
SYSTEM EFFICIENCIES
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
45
4.0 CONTENT
A 4.1 INTRODUCTION
The student should be able to define and relate to relevant terminology, identify and
compare Irrigation Systems.
4.1.1 Define the following:

a) Conveyance systems efficiency.
b) Application efficiency.
c) Overall efficiency.
d) Emitter efficiency.
e) Pumping Systems.
f) Crop, water requirements, Kc, ETo, ET crop, rooting depth, Field
capacity,
A.W.C, R.A.M, set time and cycle length. Permanent wilt point.
WHERE:
CU - Christian’s coefficient of Uniformity.

DU - distribution uniformity.
Kc - crop factor.
ETo - reference evapotranspiration.
Etc - crop evapotranspiration.
AWC - available water capacity.
RAM - readily available moisture.
4.1.2 Identify Irrigation Systems

a) i) Non-pressurised (surface).
ii) Pressurised.
b) Describe the components and operation of Surface Irrigation Systems.
i) Flood.
ii) Border.
iii) Basin.
iv) Furrow.
c) Describe the components and the operation of Pressurised Irrigation
Systems.
i) Sprinkler.
- permanent.
- movable.
ii) Solid set.
iii) Hand moved.
- drag hose.
- lateral.
iv) Mechanical.
- side roll.
- pivot (centre, lateral).
- travellers.
v) Micro.
- Micro-jets.
46
- Drip.
4.1.3 Compare Irrigation Systems

a) Capital costs.
b) Annual running costs.
- interest on capital.
- energy.
- labour.
- maintenance.
- replacement.
c) Water use.
d) Crop yield.
e) Management requirements.
f) Agronomic practices.
4.2 INFRASTRUCTURE AND EQUIPMENT
The student should be able to:
4.2.1 identify, maintain and repair irrigation infrastructures and equipment.

4.2.2 identify infrastructures, that operation and maintenance.
a) Storage works
- dams (earth, concrete).
- weirs (concrete, brick, earth).
- reservoirs (concrete, brick, earth).
- elevated tanks.
b) Headworks
- intake works.
- pump stations.
c) Canals
- bridge, culverts, siphons.
- distribution systems.
- outlet works.
d) Pipelines
i) Fittings, (Bends, joints, tees, reducers, unions).
ii) Valves.
- Gate
- Scour
- Pressure control
- Air valves
- Check Valves (NRV)
- Butterfly
- Ball
- Diaphragm valves
- Automation
iii) Thrust blocks and anchor blocks.
iv) Surge protection equipment.
v) Valve chambers.
e) Infield Equipment
i) Portable and Permanent piping equipment.
47
- Hose
- Aluminium
- P.V.C
- G.I/Steel
- H.D.P.E/L.D.P.E.
- Sprinkler risers/stands
ii) Micro Equipment
- Control heads and regulating/devices.
- Connectors.
- Drip lines and drippers.
- Micro-jets.
iii) Emitters and Sprinklers
a) Sprinklers
- Impact.
- Rotor.
- Sprayers.
- Horticulture and landscape.
4.3 PUMPING SYSTEMS
The student should be able to select, install, operate and maintain pumping systems.
4.3.1 Plot a system curve using:

- Static head.
- Discharge head.
- Pipe and fitting friction heads.
4.3.2 Identify the source of Energy.
4.3.3 Select a suitable pump using:
- Determined design duty point and site conditions.
- Manufacturers performance curves taking into account operating speeds
and impeller diameter.
- Series or parallel operation.
- Reliability, reputation, spares, back up service, warrantee and performance
testing carried out.
4.3.4 Select a prime mover from:
- Electrical motor (solar).
- Combustion engine.
- Human resources.
4.3.5 Check the compatibility of selected pump and prime mover in relation to the
required duty point.
4.3.6 Select a suitable drive:

a) Direct coupled.
b) Belt drive.
- Vee belt and matched pulleys.
- Flat belt.
c) Gear drive, (straight or angled)
d) Chain and sprocket drive.
4.3.7 Select a suitable base.
48
- Channel.
- Top hat (plate).
- Machined/Cast.
- Wheeled trailer.
- Floating device (pontoon).
- Concrete block.
4.3.8 Select suction pipe work and fittings:
- N.P.S.H requirements.
- Velocity constraints.
- Pipe diameters.
- Eccentric suction reducers.
- Isolating valve.
- Strainer requirements.
- Printing system.
- Pipe material (joints).
- Total dynamic suction head.
- Manifolds.
4.3.9 Select discharge pipe work and fittings.
- Concentric expanders (1:5 ratio).
- Control valves.
- Velocity constraints.
- Pipe diameter.
- Pressure measuring devices.
- Manifolds.
4.3.10 Select switchgear and control mechanisms.
a) Starters
- D.O.L
- Star-delta
- Variable speed.
- Soft starts.
b) Isolators, change over switches and M.C.B.
c) Meters
- Voltmeter
- Amp meter
- Run hour meter
- Water flow meter
- Pressure gauges (suction and delivery)
- Temperature on bearing (heat measurement)
- Kw hour meter (power consumption)
d) Control Switches
- Level
- High flow/low flow
- Float
- Pressure
- Lightning surge protectors
- High/low voltage protector
- Overload protection
e) Control Devices
- Pressure tanks
- Orifice plates
49
- Pressure and flow regulating valves
4.4 FILTRATION AND SEDIMENTATION
The students should be able to:

4.4.1 operate and maintain filtration, fertigation, chemigation and sedimentation
equipment.
4.4.2 identify operation and maintenance procedures for filtration, fertigation,
chemigation and sedimentation equipment.
a) Filtration and Sedimentation
- Media filters
- Screen filters
- Disc filters
- Cyclones
- Settling reservoirs
b) Fertigation and Chemigation
i) Injection devices
- Venturi
- Positive displacement pumps
- Bladder tank
- Gravity feed on suction
- By-pass tank
4.5 EQUIPMENT TESTING

4.5.1 test equipment and interpret test results.
4.5.2 identify relevant standards, procedures and equipment for testing.
a) Pump performance
- Static pressure testing on casing
- Performance test (ISO class C)
b) Prime mover equipment
c) Piping fitting valves, static pressure test
d) Sprinklers and emitters, performance test
e) Pipeline commission test
f) Scheme commissioning test
4.6 AUTOMATED SYSTEMS
4.6.1 identify, operate and maintain Automated Irrigation Systems.

4.6.2 identify the following automated equipment:
a) Irrigation controllers
- Solid state
- Electro mechanical
- Combination/Hybrid
b) Remote controlled valves
- Mechanical
- Hydraulic
- Solenoid
50
b) Wiring controller to infield

c) Sensors
- Soil moisture
- Rain
- Temperature
- Humidity
- Light
4.7 SYSTEM EFFICIENCIES
4.7.1 calculate and compare system efficiencies in Irrigation Systems.

4.7.2 calculate system efficiency using:
a) Water used
Water supplied
b) Unit cost of water for the various irrigation/systems.
4.8 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
4.8.1 compare and evaluate irrigation schemes relative to design criteria.

4.8.2 compare and vs. design criteria.
a) Technical Performance
- Irrigation efficiency (G above)
- Pump efficiency.
- Sprinkler/ emitter discharge
b) Financial
- Unit cost of water
c) Management Appraisal
51
?????????
?????????
?????????

1 INTRODUCTION
2 INFRASTRUCTURE AND EQUIPMENT
3 PUMPING SYSTEMS
4 FILTRATION AND SEDIMENTATION
SYSTEMS
5 EQUIPMENT TESTING
6 AUTOMATED SYSTEMS
7 SYSTEM EFFICIENCIES
8 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
TOTAL 100%
52
SUBJECT: HYDROLOGY
DURATION: 216 HOURS

The aim of the subject is to equip students with knowledge and skills in water,
occurrence, distribution movement and water legislation.

2.1 demonstrate an awareness of the effect of hydrology in Water Resource

Engineering.
2.2 Explain various processes of the hydrological systems.
2.3 assess catchment hydrology.
2.4 identify and apply water laws.
2.5 apply software packages in hydrology.
2.6 correctable draught, climate change and pollution
2.7 measure and assess hydro-metrological and variables and water use
3.0 TOPICS
ADMINISTRATION AND INTRODUCTION
HYDROLOGICAL SYSTEMS.
SOIL WATER PROPERTIES.
WATER MOVEMENT AND STORAGE STRUCTURES
RUNOFF SOURCES AND PROCESSES.
WATER POLUTION DROUGHT AND CLIMATE CHANGE.
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN HYDROLOGY.
WATER LAWS.
WATER RESOURCES MEASUREMENT
53
4.0 CONTENT
4.1 ADMINISTRATION AND INTRODUCTION
4.1.1 catchment boundaries and administration in Zimbabwe.

4.1.2 importance of studying hydrology.
4.2 HYDROLOGICAL SYSTEMS
4.2.1 Hydrological processes and their measurement.
4.3 SOIL WATER PROPERTIES
4.3.1 Physical chemical properties of water

4.3.2 soil-water relationship.
4.3.3 soil-water movements and measurements.
4.4 WATER MOVEMENT AND STORAGE STRUCTURES
4.4.1 An inventory of the various water bodies.

4.4.2 Movement of water on and below the surface.
4.4.3 Link into the various storage structures and processes of water movement
4.4.4 Overland flow types.
4.5 DROUGHT /CLIMATE CHANGE AND POLLUTION
4.5.1 Definition of terms: climate change, Water Pollution and drought.

4.5.2 Types of droughts.
4.5.3 Correlate the effect of climate change on each element of the hydrological
system.
4.6 COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN HYDROLOGY
4.6.1 the importance of computers in the discipline of hydrology

4.6.2 use of computers in hydrological mapping.
4.6.3 measurements and estimating catchment run off through modelling and
simulation.
4.6.4 introduction into the varied softwares used in hydrology.
4.6.5 the different computer programmes issued in mapping and hydrological
modelling.
.
4.7 CATCHMENT HYDROLOGY
4.7.1 The use flow rating and mass curves

4.7.2 River discharge measurements.
4.7.3 Analysis of hydrograph for constant base times.
- frequency analysis.
- unit hydrograph.
- summary of design flood routing.
54
4.7.4 Catchment area characteristic that influence run-off.
4.8 WATER RESOURSES MEASUREMENT
4.8.1 Hydro-metrological monitoring set up
55
1 Gunstron, H 1989 Field Hydrology Intermediate

in Tropical Technology
Countries Publication
2 Meteorological Planning and

and hydrological Design World
data required in Metereological
planning the Organisation,
development of Geneva
Water Resources.
3 Zimbabwe Government
National Water Printer Harare
Authority Act No
11/98
4. Shammar R. A. And Shammar T. K (200) Irrigation Engineering New Dehli

1 ADMINISTRATION AND 5%
INTRODUCTION
2 HYDROLOGICAL SYSTEM 20%
3 SOIL-WATER RELATIONS 20%
4 UNDERGROUND AND SURFACE 15%
WATER MOVEMENT
5 WATER POLLUTION DROUGHT 20%
CLIMATE CHANGE
6 COMPUTER APPLICATION IN 15%
HYDROLOGY
7 WATER LAWS 5%
TOTAL 100%
56

Water Resources Engineering Reg &amp; Contents

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Water Resources Engineering Reg &amp; Contents

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ZIMBABWE

MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND TERTIARY EDUCATION

HIGHER EDUCATION EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUS FOR THE

WATER RESOURCE ENGINEERING

Course Code: 588/14/TN/0

Implementation Date: January 2015

1. Ministry of Lands, Agriculture and Rural Resettlement 2014

2. Ministry of Local Government, National Housing & Public Works 2014

3. Zimbabwe Institution of Engineers 2014

4. Construction Industry Federation of Zimbabwe 2014

5. University of Zimbabwe (Department of

6. Zimbabwe National Water Authority (ZINWA) Mzingwane 2014

7. Zimbabwe Mining and Smelting Company 2014

9. Torondo Engineering 2014

10. Light Rain 2014

11. Irrigation Institute Of Zimbabwe 2014

12. Johnson Pumps 2014

13. Ministry of Water Resources & Infrastructural Development 2014

14. National University of Science and Technology 2014

15. Midlands State University 2014

16. Institute of Water and Sanitation 2014

17. City of Bulawayo 2014

18. Ministry of Environment and Tourism 2014

19. Matebeleland Zambezi Water Project 2014

1. TITLE AND LEVEL OF AWARD

National Diploma in Water Resource Engineering.

2. AIM OF THE COURSE

3. OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE

At the end of the course, the graduate should be able to:

3.1 use an integrated approach in promoting Sustainable Water Resource

3.4 demonstrate an understanding of the effects of hydrology in water Resource

3.6 draw and interpret water resource engineering designs.

3.7 carry out site operation; related to water resource engineering.

3.8 apply entrepreneurial skills in the field of water resource engineering.

3.9 demonstrate patriotism to national issues.

SUBJECT CODE DURATION

National Certificate in Water Resource and Irrigation Engineering or equivalent.

12. Irrigation Systems I 3 hour paper A minimum of 100%

10. CONDITIONS OF AWARD

10.1 A candidate should pass all the 13 compulsory subjects to be awarded a

10.3 Non-submission of coursework will result in candidates being deferred.

12.1 Exemptions shall be in subject(s) already passed where a certificate or Diploma

12.2 Exemptions should be applied for at enrolment stage.

13.1 Lecturer Qualifications

A minimum of a Higher National Diploma in Water Resource Engineering or

13.2 Laboratory Technicians

Minimum of National Diploma in the relevant field.

13.3 Tools and Equipment (see Appendix I)

13.4 Suggested Textbooks (see Appendix II)

BASIC TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT (A class of 12 students)

1. Soils Mechanics Laboratory Equipment Quantity

A series of nested sieves – 19mm; 9.5mm

2. EQUIPMENT FOR ENGINEERING SURVEYING

3. EQUIPMENT FOR IRRIGATION ENGINEERING DRAWING

4. EQUIPMENT FOR IRRIGATION ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION

1. Backhouse J.R. and

2. Barr Y. R. (1991) The Construction of Buildings Victoria B.S.P.

3. Bird J.O. and (1994) Technician Mathematics Essex Longman

4. Craig R.F. (1998) Soil Mechanics London Chapman

5. Frank Durks (1996) Structural Mechanics Essex Addison Wesley

6. Grundy J.T. (1990) Construction Technology London Edward Arnold

7. Jackson N. and (1990) Civil Engineering Materials Hampshire Macmillan

Water Resources Engineering Reg & Contents

Water Resources Engineering Reg & Contents