CENTRO ESCOLAR INEGRATED SCHOOL

In partnership with
CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY
9 Mendiola St., San Miguel, Manila

The Impact handling stress and pressure to the workplace of employees

Introduction
Work pressure and stress at work are hot topics at the moment, and it is vital that
employers and employees give these issues the attention they deserve. Work pressure and
stress can lead to a deterioration in the way employees work or even result in their
becoming sick. That can have an impact on the atmosphere in the workplace, the quality of
the work produced, and so on. The causes of work pressure and stress may lie in the work
itself, in the employee’s private circumstances, or in a combination of both. Whatever the
reason, the problem affects employee performance. In many cases, the solution lies in a
package of measures targeting both the company and the individual. The purpose of this
brochure is to encourage everyone actively involved in a company to anticipate problems
related to work pressure, and, should they arise, to recognize them in good time and do
something about them. In the end, everyone benefits from having a working climate that
supports employees and is pleasant to work in. This brochure looks at a range of different
factors that play a role in work pressure and stress and suggests some possible solutions.

In this study, the researchers will research if there is a ideal way to tackle work pressure for
employees to look together at how the work is organized and for employees to be provided
with satisfactory support, all within the context of the company’s social policy. It is
important to find out whether the problem is widespread, for example within a particular
department, or whether it is an individual employee who is suffering.
 CENTRO ESCOLAR INEGRATED SCHOOL
In partnership with
CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY
9 Mendiola St., San Miguel, Manila

A. Background of the study

All this past years Stress isn’t always bad. A little bit of stress can help you stay
focused, energetic, and able to meet new challenges in the workplace. It’s what
keeps you on your toes during a presentation or alert to prevent accidents or costly
mistakes. But in today’s hectic world, the workplace too often seems like an
emotional roller coaster. Long hours, tight deadlines, and ever-increasing demands
can leave you feeling worried, drained, and overwhelmed. And when stress exceeds
your ability to cope, it stops being helpful and starts causing damage to your mind
and body as well as to your job satisfaction. If stress on the job is interfering with
your work performance, health, or personal life, it’s time to take action. No matter
what you do for a living, or how stressful your job is, there are plenty of things you
can do to reduce your overall stress levels and regain a sense of control at work.

Whatever the case, it is clear that employees have assigned interest in preventing or
tackling work pressure problems and stress. The most obvious concerns for
employees are the cost of absenteeism and industrial disablement that may follow.
Less obvious costs are productivity losses, a decline in motivation and quality, and
the cost of replacing sick employees. For employees, it is important to find the right
balance between workload and ability to cope, thereby avoiding the possibility of
failure at work and ill health.
 CENTRO ESCOLAR INEGRATED SCHOOL
In partnership with
CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY
9 Mendiola St., San Miguel, Manila

B. Statement of the problem

The research aims to determine how does Employees handling stress and pressure in

their Workplace, the study will seek to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the employees in terms of:

A.). Age

B.) Company

C.) Position

2. How does employees focus with stress and pressure?

3. How does stress and pressure affect their work?
4. How does employees handle their stress while working under pressure?

Theoretical Framework

The most commonly used transactional theory suggests that stress is the direct product of a
transaction between an individual and their environment which may tax their resources and
thus threaten their wellbeing (Lazarus 1986, Lazarus and Folkman 1987). Yet a more recent
version of this theoretical model suggests that it is the appraisal of this transaction that
offers a causal pathway that may better express the nature of the underlying psychological
and physiological mechanisms which underpin the overall process and experience of stress
(Lazarus et al. 2001). In this sense, any aspect of the work environment can be perceived as
a stressor by the appraising individual. Yet the individual appraisal of demands and
 CENTRO ESCOLAR INEGRATED SCHOOL
In partnership with
CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY
9 Mendiola St., San Miguel, Manila

capabilities can be influenced by a number of factors, including personality, situational

demands, coping skills, pervious experiences, time lapse, and any current stress state
already experienced (Prem et al. 2017). One multidisciplinary review provides a broad
consensus that stressors really only exert their effects through how an individual perceives
and evaluates them (Ganster and Rosen 2013). As such, the experience of workplace stress
according to the transactional theory, is associated with exposure to particular workplace
scenarios, and a person’s appraisal of a difficulty in coping. This experience is usually
accompanied by attempts to cope with the underlying problem and by changes in
Employees
psychological functioning, behavior and function (Aspinwall and Taylor 1997, Guppy and
The researchers will gather information to the regular employees of
Weatherstone 1997).
Centro In order
Escolar to recognize
University teachers these external
using survey and internal elements
questionnaires in of
order
workplace to know
stress, what are
Cox (1993) their experiences
joutlined about handling
another modified stress and
transactional theory. This theory
pressure in their work place
represented the sources of the stressor, the perceptions of those stressors in relation to
his/her ability to cope, the psychological and physiological changes associated with the
recognition of stress arising, including perceived ability to cope, the consequences of
coping, and all general feedback that occurs during this process. Yet, as with all
Employees’ Performance
transactional theories of work-related stress, it is the concept of appraisal that has been
The outcome of the gathered data will be showing if there is a good
criticized
andfor being
bad tooofsimplistic
effects and and
being stress for not alwaystoconsidering
pressure an individuals’
their work place to the history,
regular employees
future, goals and identities (Harris, Daniels and Briner 2004). Additionally, in his later works,
Lazarus stressed that his transactional theories of stress failed to acknowledge the
outcomes associated with coping in specific social contexts and during interpersonal
interactions (Lazarus 2006a).

Conceptual framework
 CENTRO ESCOLAR INEGRATED SCHOOL
In partnership with
CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY
9 Mendiola St., San Miguel, Manila

Handling stress and pressure of a employee

1. Centro escolar university SHS and College teachers & employee's

2. The perception of handling stress and pressure to their work place

 CENTRO ESCOLAR INEGRATED SCHOOL
In partnership with
CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY
9 Mendiola St., San Miguel, Manila

Figure 1: Process of the Research

In Figure 1 shows the process of the research that will be conducted. In the input, it

involves the topics that researchers will study and would lead into deeper understanding at the

end of the research. For the process, it includes the procedure of the study with regards to the

topic that researchers took part of. Lastly, the output, wherein the outcome of the research will

be shown.

Setting of the study

This research will be conducted in Centro Escolar University-Manila. It is a private school

in Manila Philippines which was founded by two women namely, Librada Avelino and Carmen

de Luna on June 3, 1907. It was originally called Centro Escolar de Señoritas and became a

university in 1933.

The first college which opened in 1921 is Pharmacy, this 3-year course was extended to

4 years leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy. Twenty-six years later, the

B.S. Pharmacy degree required 5 years of study but was reverted to four years in 1984. In

February 1999, it was aloft to the School of Pharmacy to include supervision in Pharmacy

programs of Master of Science in Pharmacy and Doctor of Philosophy. In June 2001, BS

Pharmacy was opened in the CEU Malolos campus. While in CEU Makati campus, BS Pharmacy

and PhD. (Doctor of Pharmacy) Program were offered in June 2005.

 CENTRO ESCOLAR INEGRATED SCHOOL
In partnership with
CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY
9 Mendiola St., San Miguel, Manila

Later on, it continued to be followed by different courses along its other campuses

which were located in Makati, founded in 2005 and Malolos, founded in 1978. The courses

include Dentistry, Accountancy and Management, Liberal Arts, Education, Music and Social

Work, Medical Technology, Nursing, Optometry, Science and Technology, and Nutrition and

Hospitality Management and the Graduate School which was coordinated in 1926 during the

administration of Doña Librada V. Avelino, founder and first CEU President, with the first

Graduate School Dean namely Dr. Concepcion A. Aguila. It offers masters and doctorate

programs in the interest of Education, Liberal Arts, Business Administration, Sciences,

Philosophy, Pharmacy, Dental Education, and Public Administration. In the Philippines, CEU is

the only school that provides a post-doctoral degree in Total Quality Management on Higher

Education.

Primarily, its campus in Paranaque part of the university's system prior to it being

terminated in the early 1990s. The Integrated School’s elementary and high school programs

commenced in 1907 which is the fundamental academic program of the university. This

program closed in Mendiola Campus in the halfway of 1990s. It officially phased out in 2004 in

Malolos campus. Accordingly, 2001 and 2004 were the last batch of its elementary and high

school students in

Malolos Campus. Beginning the school year 2014- 2015, the university will once again offer the

Integrated School in its Malolos Campus. In the first year of its academic program, the
 CENTRO ESCOLAR INEGRATED SCHOOL
In partnership with
CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY
9 Mendiola St., San Miguel, Manila

University Integrated School offered Nursery, Pre-Kindergarten, Kindergarten, and Grade 1 and

7. Meanwhile, in the coming year, the school opened Grade 11 and 12 with its compliance of

the K-12 system. The researchers chose this university as it is the most accessible place for

them to gather data among its key informants who are professionals working in the same

university.

Hypothesis

The researchers believe that;

Null: Handling stress and pressure has no impact to the workplace of employees

Alternative: Handling stress and pressure has a impact to the workplace of employees

Assumption The study is anchored to the following assumptions:

1. The survey instrument is accurate to measure the " The impact of handling stress and
pressure to the workplace of employees".
2. Teachers in Centro Escolar University are involved in this research study were in they can
participate as the respondents.

3. all of the respondents is assumed to be honest in answering the questions.

4. The following sources taken are assumed to be all accurate.

Scope and Delimitation

 CENTRO ESCOLAR INEGRATED SCHOOL
In partnership with
CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY
9 Mendiola St., San Miguel, Manila

This study will deal with the findings whether there is an impact, The impact of handling stress

and pressure to the Employees in Centro Escolar University-Manila. It will only probe with

newly-hired, contractualized and regular employees in their respective office/department and

will not concern other stressful aspects such as their personal lives, for instance, their income

and other experiences that an employee may perceive stressful other than its work

environment, like their level of free time and physical activity, social participation, economic

stress.

Significance of the study

The results of the study will be of great benefit and significant to the following:

This study will be significant mainly for Workers, it will help them to find why stress and

pressure can cause negative effects. They are the one that shall be benefited to the output of

the study for them to know the effects of stress and pressure on working environment.

Otherwise, this study may. help them to know how stress and pressure will affect their work

and to raise their awareness of working with stress.

To the Future Researchers, the study will serve as a guide for them specially if the

future researchers are also in the field of business courses. It will serve as a big help for them

for finding a source about the research that they needed.

 CENTRO ESCOLAR INEGRATED SCHOOL
In partnership with
CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY
9 Mendiola St., San Miguel, Manila

This study will give credits to the Fresh Graduates of Bachelor of Science in Education

which are new in the companies that they are working with. It will be able to give an idea how

does handling stress and pressure is existing in order to overcome this kind of situation specially

they are new in their jobs and what they need to know to be able to handle it.

Definition of terms

Asset- a useful or valuable thing, person, or quality.

Working environment- used to describe the surrounding conditions in which an employee

operates.

Location- where a task is completed.

Regular- defined as someone or something that is standard, average, orderly or usual person or
thing or something that is done daily.

Newly hired- hasn't previously been employed by the organization.

Pressure- is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which
that force is distributed

Stress- a state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or very
demanding circumstances.
 CENTRO ESCOLAR INEGRATED SCHOOL
In partnership with
CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY
9 Mendiola St., San Miguel, Manila

Chapter 3

Methods of the Research

The researchers will use quantitative approach in this study. Quantitative method is defined as

the systematically empirical investigation of the observable phenomena via statistical,

mathematical or computational techniques. The researchers will quantify. The impact handling

stress and pressure to the workplace of employees . For the purpose of this study, descriptive

research design was used. The descriptive design describes phenomena as they exist. It issued

to identify and obtain information on the characteristics of a particular problem or issue.

Descriptive research design was selected because it has advantage of producing good amount

of responses from a wide range of people. In this study the researchers use descriptive design

to describe the current status of a variable or phenomenon.

Setting of the study

This study will take place at Centro Escolar University. Centro Escolar University

is a private school in Manila Philippines. It was originally called Centro Escolar de

Señoritas and became a university in 1933. The first college which opened in 1921 is

Pharmacy, this 3-year course was extended to 4 years leading to the degree of
 CENTRO ESCOLAR INEGRATED SCHOOL
In partnership with
CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY
9 Mendiola St., San Miguel, Manila

Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy. Twenty-six years later, the B.S. Pharmacy degree

required 5 years of study but was reverted to four years in 1984. In February 1999, it

was aloft to the School of Pharmacy to include supervision in Pharmacy programs of

Master of Science in Pharmacy and Doctor of Philosophy. In June 2001, BS Pharmacy

was opened in the CEU Malolos campus. While in CEU Makati campus, BS Pharmacy

and PhD. (Doctor of Pharmacy) Program were offered in June 2005. Later on, it

continued to be followed by different courses along its other campuses which were

located in Makati, founded in 2005 and Malolos, founded in 1978. The courses include

Dentistry, Accountancy and Management, Liberal Arts, Education, Music and Social

Work, Medical Technology, Nursing, Optometry, Science and Technology, and Nutrition

and Hospitality Management and the Graduate School which was coordinated in 1926.

CEU is the only school that provides a post-doctoral degree in Total Quality

Management on Higher Education. Beginning the school year 2014- 2015, the

university will once again offer the Integrated School in its

Malolos Campus. In the first year of its academic program, the University Integrated

School offered Nursery, Pre-Kindergarten, Kindergarten, and Grade 1 and 7.

Meanwhile, in the coming year, the school opened Grade 11 and 12 with its compliance

of the K-12 system.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of this study are selected Teachers from Centro Escolar

University-Manila who experienced Stress and pressure in the workplace. The

 CENTRO ESCOLAR INEGRATED SCHOOL
In partnership with
CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY
9 Mendiola St., San Miguel, Manila

researchers will conduct a random sampling survey with a total number of 50 teachers

from Centro Escolar University Senior High School and College Department. The

respondents will answer a questionnaire to obtain the necessary data for the study.

Sampling Technique

A stratified random sampling will be used for selecting the partakers in this

study. This technique will be used to guarantee an equal representation of the variables

for the study. Stratified random sampling was employed in selecting faculty staffs in

Senior High School and college Department. This will be achieved by Distributing the

survey questionnaires among selected respondents until the required number of

participants is achieved.

Research Instruments

The researchers will be conducting a survey with a set of respondents as a

method of gathering information. A survey questionnaire that validated by the research

professional together with the constructed consent form will be given to the respondents

that contain different questions to answer the questions raised in the study. The survey

questionnaire contains open-ended questions since the respondents will divulge.

Validation of Instruments
 CENTRO ESCOLAR INEGRATED SCHOOL
In partnership with
CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY
9 Mendiola St., San Miguel, Manila

Validation is done by a Research Professionals which will determine the Degree

of Acceptability by using the procedures and resolves its validation; those who would

validate are experts who have a prolonged or intense experience in Research and

Education field including an expertise in questionnaire construction and someone who is

familiar or knowledgeable about the topic. It would take two different people to ensure

the validation of the questionnaire, first is Mr. Sean Estoque who is knowledgeable

enough to the topic who can evaluate if the questions can successfully determine the

relation to the topic. The second review should come from Mrs. Josephine R.

Combalicer, who is knowledgeable enough to the topic and can evaluate if the

questions can successfully determine the relation to the topic. By doing so, the

researchers could then proceed in using the said questionnaire in gathering all the

necessary data for the study.

Procedure and Gathering Data

Stage 1: The survey questionnaires will be validated by professionals, to ensure its

accuracy and importance to the study.

Stage 2: The researchers will be giving a consent form and choosing the selected

number of respondents that will correspond to the specific qualifications.

Stage 3: The researchers will start gathering all the appropriate data needed for the

study.
 CENTRO ESCOLAR INEGRATED SCHOOL
In partnership with
CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY
9 Mendiola St., San Miguel, Manila

Stage 4: The gathered data will now then be tallied, interpreted and analyzed by the

researchers.

Stage 5: After tallying, interpreting and analyzing the given data, the researchers will

now come up with the conclusion based on the answers given by the respondents

Statistical Treatment of Data

This section introduces the statistical treatments that will be used in analyzing

and interpretation of data gathered. Descriptive statistics will be used in this study such

as mean (x̅) for the average of the respondents, frequency (f) and percentage (%) for

the number of regular employees and Then, in order to correlate between the impact of

handling stress and pressure to the workplace of its regular employees in Centro Escolar

University, Pearson’s Correlation will be used.

1. The Percentage Distribution was used to determine the distribution of the

participants according to their profile variables such as gender, age and length of

experience

P= f/n x 100

Where:

P= percentage

f= frequency

n= Total number of participants

 CENTRO ESCOLAR INEGRATED SCHOOL
In partnership with
CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY
9 Mendiola St., San Miguel, Manila

2. Mean or the average of the data set, to measure the center of a numerical data set

where in all the numbers are added and the sum will be divided by the number of

numbers.

X=ΣX/ N

Where:

X=weighted mean

N= total number of respondents

3. And to determine the significant impact between the toxic culture environment and

the performance of its regular employees. Pearson-R correlation formula will be used.

Figure 2: Pearson-R Correlation Formula

CENTRO ESCOLAR INEGRATED SCHOOL
In partnership with
CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY
9 Mendiola St., San Miguel, Manila