Mrs. Lailanie T.

Ligaya
 1. Formulate hypothesis clearly, precisely and testable; and
2. Familiarize the process of testing and the chance of error
of a hypothesis.
 What type of hypothesis usually exists in
quantitative research which is something to
disprove or discredit?
The following are the example of the null
hypothesis and alternative hypothesis:
 Activity 4 Decision Making
Objective:
• Interpret the results of a given sample.
Procedure:
Give the decision on the sample case below
followed by an interpretation.
1. The response of mothers and their sons to
preferences and children’s clothing yielded by
the following results.
 Testing Hypothesis
Hypothesis testing enables a researcher to generalize
regulation from relatively small samples. In many
instances, a researcher can only rely on the information
provided by a part of the population (Kumar 2011).
Testing of hypothesis go through a three-step process:
1. Constructing a hypothesis
2. Gathering appropriate evidence
3. Analyzing evidence to draw conclusions as to its validity
You can conclude whether your hypothesis is true or false only after
analyzing the evidences.
When concluding about a hypothesis, conventionally, you specifically
make a statement about the correctness or otherwise of a hypothesis
in the form of “the hypothesis is true” or “the hypothesis is false”. It is
therefore imperative that you formulate your hypotheses clearly,
precisely and in a form that is testable. In arriving at a conclusion
about the validity of the hypothesis, the way you collect your evidence
is of central importance and it is therefore essential that your study
design, sample, data collection method(s), data analysis and
conclusions, and communication of the conclusions be valid,
appropriate and free from any bias
As already mentioned, a hypothesis is an assumption that may prove to
be either correct or incorrect. It is possible to arrive at an incorrect
conclusion about a hypothesis for a variety of reasons (Kumar 2011).
Incorrect conclusions about the validity of a hypothesis may be drawn
if:
1. The study design selected is faulty;
2. The sampling procedure adopted is faulty;
3. The method of data collection is inaccurate;
4. The analysis is wrong;
5. The statistical procedures applied are inappropriate; or
6. The conclusions drawn are incorrect.
Any, some or all these aspects of the research process
could be responsible for the inadvertent introduction of
error in a study, making conclusions misleading. Hence, in
the testing of a hypothesis there is always the possibility of
errors attributable to the reasons identified above.
Hence, in drawing conclusions about a hypothesis, two
types of error can
occur:
1. Rejection of a null hypothesis when it is true. This is
known as a Type I error.
2. Acceptance of a null hypothesis when it is false. This is
known as type II error.
Pattern of Interpretation:
It was statistically found out that there is a significant
difference on the self-concept of Grade 8 students from
intact families and from the broken one since the obtained
p value of 0.00 is less than 0.05 level of significance.
Hence this null hypothesis is rejected.
*Note: Related studies and implication can be added to
the interpretation to make it more meaningful
 Examine how you understand
about hypothesis. Make a step by
step process of testing the
formulated hypothesis of your
chosen topic.
Hypotheses may be useful, though
involving much that is superfluous,
and even erroneous: for they may
supply the true bond of connection
of the facts; and the superfluity
and error may afterwards be
pared away.
— William Whewell
See you in the next class!