Republic of the Philippines

NORTHERN NEGROS STATE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Old Sagay, Sagay City, Negros Occidental
(034)722-4120, www.nonescost.edu.ph

ISO 9001:2015
Certified

GRADUATE SCHOOL DIVISION

Master of Arts in Educational Management
Educational Statistics (EduStats F_B)

ASSIGNMENT #1

NAME: NORMEL M. DE ASIS

SUBJECT: EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS

COURSE PROFESSOR: JOJI D. LINAUGO, LPT, EdD

DATE: OCTOBER 28, 2022

Directions: Please define and give examples to the following

terms:

Population - refers to a large collection of objects, places

or things

Sample - a small portion or part of a population; a

representative of the population in a research study

Parameter - any numerical value which describes a population

Example: There are 1,675 students enrolled in HTM

Programs

1, 675 is a parameter

Statistic - any numerical value which describes a sample

 Example: Of the 1,675 students enrolled in HTM Programs,
769 are Male

769 is a statistic

Quantitative Data

- are numerical in nature and therefore meaningful arithmetic

can be done.

- involve numbers and can be obtained by counting

Example: age

Qualitative Data

DISCRETE DATA - assume exact values only and can be obtained

by counting

Example: number of students

CONTINUOUS DATA - assume infinite values within a specified

interval and can be obtained by measurement

Example: height

CONSTANT - a characteristic or property of a population or

sample which makes the members similar to each other.

Example: Sex in a class of all boys is constant.

VARIABLE - a characteristic or property of a population or

sample which makes the members different from each other.

Example: Sex in a coed school is variable.

2. Write a short essay (500 words) on how you would convince a

reader on the importance of Statistics.

Statistics are important because they help people make

informed decisions. Governments, organizations, and businesses
all collect statistics to help them track progress, measure
performance, analyze problems, and prioritize. For example,
the U.S. Census Bureau collects information from people about
where they live and their age. This information can help
cities decide where they should build a new hospital if they
find that there is a high elderly population in an area or a
new school, if they find there are many families with young
children.

On a personal level, statistics can be a great way to enhance

your argument in a research paper or presentation. They show
that there is evidence to back up your claim and can add
credibility to your work. Statistics often create an emotional
response in your audience.

Statistics are an excellent way to enhance an argument and

persuade your audience; however, there are some considerations
to keep in mind. Statistics can be misleading, because they
are often taken out of context. Sometimes, important
information is left out about how the statistic was collected
in order to make it seem more dramatic, proving big ideas or
generalizations that it wouldn't if the rest of the
information was included.

For example, let's say you found a statistic that said 5 out
of 5 dentists recommend a certain brand of toothpaste. That
sounds like this is a great brand of toothpaste that everyone
should use. However, what if you found out that the dentists
were all asked if they would recommend that brand of
toothpaste or not brushing your teeth at all? Of course, all
of the dentists are going to pick the brand of toothpaste.
This makes the 5 out of 5 recommendations basically
meaningless. You might assume when you see this statistic that
dentists were ranking this toothpaste brand over other
toothpaste brands, instead of against not brushing your teeth
at all; this makes the statistic misleading.

Another way statistics can be misleading is in the sample size

that the data was collected in. For example, let's say you
found a statistic that says 4 out of 5 women prefer wearing
high heels over flats to work. However, when you start looking
closer at the source the statistic came from, you find that
this statistic came from someone asking 5 women they work with
in a corporate law firm if they liked wearing heels or flats
to work. This is a problem for several reasons.

First, the information was collected from a very small sample

size (5 women who all work at the same place). These 5 women
cannot represent all women and their opinions on high heels.
Second, this sample is very biased, because all of the women
work in the same corporate law firm. These women's opinions
are not going to reflect all women's opinions, regardless of
the number of women sampled, because the women are too similar
to one another. If all women in all industries were surveyed
for this question, the statistic would look very different.
Because of this, it's always important to know the context of
any statistic before you use it in your argument. Similarly,
you want to be wary of statistics you find that don't have
context or can't be tracked back to an original source.