Committee on Prospering in the Global Economy of the 21st Century,Works Cited

For more information go to MLA Style Center.

Websites
Last, first. Title between quotation marks. Name of website (italicized), name of publisher, day month
year, url (remove hyperlink).
Aguilar, Jesse. “Community Voices: Lack of Teacher Diversity Hurts Our Students.” Bakersfield.com,

Bakersfield Californian, 18 May 2019, https://www.bakersfield.com/ opinion/community-voices-

lack-of-teacher-diversity-hurts-our-students/article_852b6dd0-774f-11e9-a547-

67c275d62886.html.

Websites with three or more authors

Last, first, et al. Title between quotation marks. Name of website (italicized),name of publisher, day
month year, url (remove hyperlink).
Lindsay, Constance A., et al. “Diversifying the Classroom: Examining the Teacher Pipeline.” Urban

Institute, 5 Oct. 2017, https://www.urban.org/features/ diversifying-classroom-examining-

teacher-pipeline.

Books
Last, first. Title (italicized). Name of publisher, year.
Teitelbaum, Michael. Falling Behind?: Boom, Bust and the Global Race for Scientific Talent. Princeton U

P, 2014.

Chapter from a book with an editor

Last, first. Title of chapter (between quotation marks). Title of book (italicized), ed. name of editor, name
of publisher, year.
West, Carolyn M. “Still on the Auction Block: The (S)exploitation of Black Adolescent Girls in Rap(e)

Music and Hip-Hop Culture.” The Sexualization of Childhood, ed. Sharna Olfman, Praeger, 2008.

Self-contained PDFs
Last, first. Title (italicized). Name of publisher, date, url (remove hyperlink).
Libassi, CJ. The Neglected College Race Gap: Racial Disparities Among College Completers. Center for

American Progress, 23 May 2018, https:// vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstream/

handle/10919/92675/CollegeCompletionsHispanicBlack.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
Sources with two authors (pay attention to the order of the second author)
Last, first, and first last. Title (italicized). Name of publisher, date, url (remove hyperlink).
Cherng, Hua-Yu Sebastian, and Peter F. Halpin. “The Importance of Minority Teachers: Student

Perceptions of Minority Versus White Teachers.” Educational Researcher, vol. 45, no. 7, Oct.

2016, pp. 407-420, doi: 10.3102/0013189x16671718.

Sources with three or more authors

Note: on the works cited page and in parenthetical citation, you must use et al., but in the text use the
first author followed by and colleagues.
Last, first, et al. Title (italicized). Name of publisher, date, url (remove hyperlink).
Lindsay, Constance A., et al. “Diversifying the Classroom: Examining the Teacher Pipeline.” Urban

Institute, 5 Oct. 2017, https://www.urban.org/features/ diversifying-classroom-examining-

teacher-pipeline.

Online journal

Last, first. Title between quotation marks. Title of journal (italicized), vol. 2, no. 3, day month year, page
numbers, url (remove hyperlink).
Cherng, Hua-Yu Sebastian, and Peter F. Halpin. “The Importance of Minority Teachers: Student

Perceptions of Minority Versus White Teachers.” Educational Researcher, vol. 45, no. 7, Oct.

2016, pp. 407-420, doi: 10.3102/0013189x16671718.

Two sources by the same author

Use the same methods above but list the two sources alphabetically by author’s last name then
alphabetically by title. In the second entry, remove the author’s name and replace it with three hyphens
(---), which mean same as above. It will look like this:

Teitelbaum, Michael S. Falling Behind?: Boom, Bust and the Global Race for Scientific Talent. Princeton U

P, 2014.

---. “The Myth of the Science and Engineering Shortage.” The Atlantic, The Atlantic Monthly Group, 19

Mar. 2014, https://www.theatlantic.com/education/ archive/2014/03/the-myth-of-the-science-

and-engineering-shortage/284359/.
Citing a source with nonconsecutive pages

Note: some sources that have fixed pagination will contain text that begins on one page and continues
two or more pages later due to tables, pictures, statistics, etc. If you cite the inclusive pages, it
appears that the text is drawn from several pages, which is incorrect. When citing
nonconsecutive pages include the first page followed by the plus (+) sign, such as (234+) or
(Smith and Jordan 234+).

Citing Tables
In some contexts (e.g., when citing a table from an extensive data set), it might be practical to create a
works-cited-list entry for an individual table:

National Science Foundation. “Table 4: Bachelor’s Degrees Awarded to U.S. Citizens and Permanent

Residents, By Field of Degree, Ethnicity, and -Race of Recipients: 2008-18.” National Science

Foundation, National Center for Education Statistics, 2020,

ncsesdata.nsf.gov/sere/2018/html/sere18-dt-tab004.html.

College Board. “AP Exam Volume Changes (2009-2019).” College Board, 2020, secure-

media.collegeboard. org/digitalServices/pdf/research/2019/2019-Exam-Volume-Change.pdf.

College Board. “AP Exam Volume Changes (1998-2008).” College Board, 2008, https://

reports.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/Exam_Volume_Change_11-3_1.pdf.

College Board. “AP Exam Volume Changes (2011-2021).” College Board, https://secure-

media.collegeboard.org/digitalServices/pdf/research/2021/2021-ap-exam-volume-changes.pdf.

Common Abbreviations

The following abbreviations should generally be used in the works-cited list and parenthetical citations.

dept. department
et al. and others
no. number
qtd. quoted
U University
UP University Press
vol. volume

Months

The names of months that are longer than four letters are abbreviated in the works-cited list.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.

Common in-text citation errors

 If the name of the source or a pronoun is used in the sentence, do NOT repeat it in the
parenthetical reference because it is redundant. For more information click here.
 If you quote, paraphrase, or summarize two or more sentences from one source, cite the page
number(s) at the end of the last sentence. The parenthetical reference might look like (17, 21) if
the author is mentioned in the text. If the author is not mentioned, it might look like (Smith 17,
21).

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www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2014/03/the-myth-of-the-science-and-
engineering-shortage/284359/