Master FunPhys

Science Watch
2022/2023
 https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiEHVhv0SBMpP75JbzJShqw

Figure 2:
Figure 1: Chalk marks on a blackboard demonstrate stick-slip.
Pr. Walter Lewin, American physicist Picture by Ernest Rabinowicz, 1956, in Scientific American

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 Some quick examples

Squeaking of a door

Music from bowed instruments

(violin, cello...)

Squeaking from car brakes

More importantly…

CFM (Chemical Force Microscopy)

Figure 3:
Earthquake models
Titanium cut with a poor finish due to stick-slip
Ernest Rabinowicz, 1956 in Scientific American 2
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stick-slip_phenomenon
Figure 4: System mass-spring-driving force

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TcebgBomjRs
Figure 5: Stick-Slip animation by Giacomo Squicciarini, 2015

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 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stick-slip_phenomenon
𝑃 = −𝑚𝑔 𝑒𝑦 𝐹𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = −𝑘𝑥 𝑒𝑥

𝑅 = 𝑇 𝑒𝑥 + 𝑁 𝑒𝑦

Figure 4: System mass-spring-driving force

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TcebgBomjRs
Figure 5: Stick-Slip animation by Giacomo Squicciarini, 2015

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 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stick-slip_phenomenon
𝑃 = −𝑚𝑔 𝑒𝑦 𝐹𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = −𝑘𝑥 𝑒𝑥

𝑅 = 𝑇 𝑒𝑥 + 𝑁 𝑒𝑦

Figure 4: System mass-spring-driving force

Stick
Static friction

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TcebgBomjRs
𝑇 ≤ 𝜇𝑠 𝑁

𝑘𝑥 ≤ 𝜇𝑠 𝑚𝑔

Figure 5: Stick-Slip animation by Giacomo Squicciarini, 2015

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 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stick-slip_phenomenon
𝑃 = −𝑚𝑔 𝑒𝑦 𝐹𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = −𝑘𝑥 𝑒𝑥

𝑅 = 𝑇 𝑒𝑥 + 𝑁 𝑒𝑦

Figure 4: System mass-spring-driving force

Stick Slip
Static friction Kinetic friction

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TcebgBomjRs
𝑇 ≤ 𝜇𝑠 𝑁 𝑇 > 𝜇𝑠 𝑁
𝑘
𝑘𝑥 ≤ 𝜇𝑠 𝑚𝑔 𝑥ሷ + 𝑥 − 𝜇𝑘 𝑔 = 0
𝑚

Figure 5: Stick-Slip animation by Giacomo Squicciarini, 2015

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Figure 6: Pictures of the experimental table Figure 7: Diagram of the apparatus

Trying to infer a first characteristic :

Relation between number of points and speed of movement ?
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 Different ways to express the length
between two dots

𝑣 𝐿
𝛿𝐿 = 𝛿𝐿 =
𝑓 𝑁
Which gives
𝑣 𝐿 𝑓
= ⟹ 𝑁∝
𝑓 𝑁 𝑣

Figure 8: Plot of n(v), the number of chalk dots on the

𝑓 the frequency of the chalk spinning table as function of the speed, on a loglog scale
𝑣 the speed of the spinning table
𝐿 the perimeter of the circle
𝑁 the total number of dots 5
Pretty hard to decipher a proper frequency

Too many noise around

Zooming in on some frequency domain like

< 300 𝐻𝑧 ?

Figure 9: A few spectrograms to try and determine the

frequency of the chalk dots (speeds in RPM : 14,22,30)
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 Still pretty hard to decipher an
interesting frequency

Using

𝑣 𝐿
=
𝑓 𝑁

We can try and predict the frequency

For example

𝑣 = 14 𝑅𝑃𝑀
𝑁 = 136 ⟹ 𝑓 ≈ 31,8 𝐻𝑧
𝐿 = 2𝜋𝑅 = 1,09 𝑚 Figure 10: Zooming on a specific frequency domain

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 Another way to measure the frequency ?
V(RPM) dV(RPM) N dN v(m.s^-1) dv(m.s^-1) f(Hz) df(Hz)
𝑣 = 14 𝑅𝑃𝑀 10 1 152 1 0,18325957 0,01832596 25,3333333 2,7
14 1 136 1 0,2565634 0,01832596 31,7333333 2,5
𝑁 = 136 ⟹ 𝑓 = 31,8 ± 2,5 𝐻𝑧 18 1 124 1 0,32986723 0,01832596 37,2 2,366666667
𝐿 = 2𝜋𝑅 = 1,09 𝑚 22 1 104 1 0,40317106 0,01832596 38,1333333 2,1
26 1 88 1 0,47647489 0,01832596 38,1333333 1,9
⟹

30 1 68 1 0,54977871 0,01832596 34 1,633333333

34 1 56 1 0,62308254 0,01832596 31,7333333 1,5

Counting manually from the audio 38 1 48 1 0,69638637 0,01832596 30,4 1,433333333

of the 14 RPM recording

Figure 11: Measurement table, in yellow the example used
for illustration
⟹

𝑓 = 32 ± 1 𝐻𝑧

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 Infering characteristics of the movement from the stick-slip
phenomenon
Applications :
- avoiding loss of material and damage in the industry
- avoid car accidents due to slipping tires
- creating better AFM and CFM tools

Making cool drawings with a chalk ☺

Understanding geological activity

Understanding animal behaviours (spiny lobster)

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 Understanding geological activity
Understanding animal behaviours (spiny lobster)
Creating better AFM and CFM tools
Avoid car accidents due to slipping tires

Stick-Slip seems to be everywhere, understanding it is essential !

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 Articles : Websites :

- Stick-slip phenomenon :
- Ernest Rabinowicz, Scientific American, 1956 :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stick-
“Stick and Slip”, volume 194, pages 109-119
slip_phenomenon
- Han Hu, Anas Batou, Huajiang Ouyang : “Friction-
induced vibration of a stick-slip oscillator with
random field friction modelling”
https://hal.science/hal-03748664/document

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