FONETIKA LECTURE 1

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INTONATION (FORMS)

- people do not speak on the same level, pitch and melody

Melody of speech

- changes in frequency of vocal folds

Intonation

- linguistically significant changes in the pitch during prosodic phrase

- not all changes in frequency are hearable, so they don't have linguistic meaning

- things out of our control are also linguistically meaningless

Pitch

Range composed of 2 factors:

- level (high, low, normal)

- span (normal, expanded, compressed) aka movement of the pitch changes

- good intonation will boost the communication

- poor intonation can have the opposite effect

- intonation (pitch movements and range) are language-specific

- English is much more contrastive in pitch range (Czech sounds flat to English)

Melodic movements (BrE) or Melodic targets (AmE)

Tones in English

- tone = basic pitch movement unit

- kinetic (simple: fall, rise; complex: fall-rise, rise-fall)

- static (level)

- fall-rise is not in Czech

- fall sometimes misidentified with level

Tone unit / Prosodic phrase

- tonic syllable: the most prominent part of the tone unit, stressed

pre-head head tonic syllable tail

- tone mark is at the start of the tonic syllable

- stressed syllable in the tail marked with a dot

Head

- from the first stressed syllable to the first tonic syllable

- stress marks also work as melodic accents and can be low or high

Tones across tails

- fall (abrupt or gradual)

- rise (gradual)

- fall-rise (fall on tonic syllable, rise on last stressed syllable)

- rise-fall (two or three syllables)

22.2.2022

FONETIKA II - SEMINÁŘ 1

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- max 3 absences

- 1 listening assigment in Praat (1 re-sit)

- pronounciation check (segmental&suprasegmental features)

- in MS Teams

- deadlines on the Phonetics website

- exams: choose 1 topic

- Phonetic games (helps with studying)

- linking, stress patterns, intonation

LINKING
Vowel initial words

- intrusive/linking (r)

- transient (w) and (j)

- resyllabification (spojování slabik)

Glottal stops

ʔa deɡreeʔof controlʔover partsʔofʔeast jerusalem

was hidinɡʔin an afɡhan cave

firstʔarab to anʔisraeli cabinet

ʔat about a quarterʔof a million pounds

ʔalso adopt the measuresʔin a voteʔon friday (this one is correct)

he ll be in charɡeʔof the treasure

turninɡʔaway the refuɡees was not an option

for a brief late(ʔ)niɡht visit (special glottal stop before a consonant)