Vowels – all are voiced/oral

- the sound is produced without major constriction in the vocal tract

- front vowels: front of the tongue raises to the hard palate
- center vowels: center of the tongue raises toward the juncture of the hard palate and the
soft palate
- back vw: back of the tongue raises toward the hard palate
Connected speech:
1. Rhythm
- Strong regular repeated pattern of sounds or movements.
- E is stressed-time language: the time from each stressed syllable to the next will tend to
be the same
- English speech is rhythmical and that rhythm is detectable in the regular occurrence
of stressed syllables
- Rhythm is relatively equal between stressed syllables
-
Intonation
- How the pitch of the voice rises and falls and how speakers use pitch variation to
convey the meaning
- Pitch: auditory sensation, carry some linguistic information
- Tone unit:
+ The head – optional: extend from the first stressed syllable up to (not including) the
tonic syllable
+ The tonic syllable – obligatory: highest degree of prominence
+ The tail – optional
Phoneme
- Phoneme is a contrastive or distinctive sound
- Many phonemes can be pronounced in more than one way, these different realizations
are called allophones.
- Allophones (realizations): nondistinctive or noncontrastive variants of phonemes
- substitute one allophone with another will not lead to a different word
We seem to have a definite one there.
Could it be a stool rather than a table?
And how many stripes on yours?
Why should a man earn more than a woman?
Have you taken them from that box?