LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR TEACHERS REVIEW 2021

Irma Mirasol C. Ferrer

ALGEBRA
1. Complex Numbers
Definition: Set of Complex Numbers. a + bi is a set of complex numbers wher a and b are
real numbers.
 Any real number is a number with ZERO (0) imaginary part.
 Pure imaginary number is a number with ZERO (0) real part.
 The standard form of an imaginary number is a + bi.

Examples: (a) √−7=i √ 7

(b) √−25=5i
(c) √−1=i

(d) Simplify √ 32+4 √−28

Definition: Equality of Two Complex Numbers. Two complex numbers a + bi and c + di
are equal if a = c and b = d.
Example: x + 7i = -9 + yi
Definition: The Sum and Product of Two Complex Numbers. If a + bi and c + di are
complex numbers, then ( a + bi ) + ( c + di ) = ( a + c ) + ( b + d) i ,
and ( a + bi ) . ( c + di ) = ( ac - bd ) + ( ad + bc) i.
Examples:
(a) Find the sum of 4 – 5i and -6 + 3i.
(b) Find the difference of 4 – 5i and -6 + 3i.
(c) Find the quotient of 4 – 5i and -6 + 3i.
(d) Find i7.

(e) Simplify: √−7 ( √11−√−3 ) .

3−√−16
(f) Simplify: 3+ √−16 .
2. Inequalities
Trichotomy Property of Order. If a and b are real numbers, exactly one of the following
statements is true.
(a) a < b, (b) a > b, or (c) a = b.
Transitive Property. If a < b and b < c, then a < c.
Absolute Inequality. An inequality which is true for every number in the domain.
 Examples: x + 1 < x + 2 ; x2 ¿ 0
Conditional Inequality. An Inequality where at least one of the numbers in the domain is
not a solution.
Properties of Inequality. If a, b and c are real numbers, then
(a) if a < b, then a + c < b + c.
(b) if a < b, then a – c < b – c.
(c) if a < b and c > 0, then ac < bc.
(d) if a < b and c < 0, then ac > bc.
Examples: Find the value of x.
1. 4x – 15 < 13
x−5
≤x
2. 3
3. – 8 < 3x – 2 < 13
Polynomial and Rational Inequalities
Examples: Find x in the following.
1. x2 – 11 < 37
2. 5x2 – 2x < x2 + 2x – 1
−2
3. x−3 < 3
3 x−1
2
≤1
4. x −x−6
3. Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Definition: If a and b are any positive numbers, and x and y are any real numbers, then
(a) ax . ay = ax+y
ax x+ y
y
=a
(b) a
(c) (ax)y = axy
(d) (ab)x = axbx

(e)
() a x ax
b
= x
b
Examples:
√ √ 5 20
1. Simplify: 5 ⋅2

2. Simplify: √ 8 ( 3√ 2)
Definition: Exponential Function. If b > 0 and b ¿ 1, then the exponential function with
base b is the function defined by f(x) = bx.
 ( )
x
1
e= 1+
Definition: Natural Exponential Function. f(x) = be where x as x →+∞ .
Definition: Logarithmic Function. The logarithmic function with base b is the inverse of
the exponential function with base b.
y=log b x iff x = by.

Examples: Find (a) log5 125

(b)log6 √6
1
(c) log4 4
(d)log10 .0001
Solve for x
(a) log9 x = 2
5
(b) log64 x = 3
(c) logx 81 = -4
Properties of Logarithmic Function
1. logb xy = logb x + logb y
x
2. logb y = logb x – logb y
3. logb xn = n logb x
Examples:
If log 2 = 0.3010 and log 3 = 0.4771, find
1. log 6
3
2. log 2
3. log 43
Expand
4. logb x2y4z7

5. logb √
5 xy 2
z4
More Examples:
1. Solve for x in 52x-1 = 15.
2. Find x in 3x-1 = 0.08.
3. Find x in 7x = 3x+1.
4. Find log4 19 = x.
 5. If log ( x + 3 ) = 2, find x.
6. Solve for x in log2 ( x + 3 ) – log2 ( x – 3 ) = 3.
7. If log3 x + log3 ( 2x – 3) = 3, what is x?
4. Polynomial Functions
Definition: Remainder Theorem. If a polynomial f(x) is divided by x – c, then the
remainder is equal to f(c).
Definition: Factor Theorem. ( x – c ) is a factor of the polynomial f(x) iff f(c) = 0.
Examples:
(a) Divide f(x) = x3 – 2x2 – 4x + 5 by x – 3.
(b) If f(x) = 2x4 + x3 – 16x2 + 18, find f(2).
(c) Is ( x – 2) a factor of f(x) = –x3 + 2x2 -2x + 4?
(d) Show that ( x + 3 ) is not a factor of f(x) = –x3 + 2x2 -2x + 4.
(e) Find k so that ( x + 2 ) is a factor of f(x) = x3 – 2x2 – 10x + k.
(f) Find k so that ( x + 3) is a factor of f(x) = 3x3 + kx2 – 7x + 6.