Department of Education

National Capital Region

Schools Division of Parañaque City
Self-Learning Modules
Mathematics 7 Quarter 2 Week 8

LINEAR EQUATION AND INEQUALITY IN ONE VARIABLE

Learning Competencies
The learner…
a. differentiates algebraic expressions, equations, and inequalities; and
b. illustrates linear equation and inequality in one variable. (M7AL-lIh-4)

Objectives
The learner differentiates and illustrates algebraic expressions, linear
equations, and inequalities in one variable.

Let’s Recall (Review)

Evaluate the following expressions if 𝑥 = 2 .
1. 𝑥 + 4 6. 2𝑥 − 7
𝑥
2. 𝑥 − 5 7. −2
3. 2𝑥 − 3 8. 𝑥+6
4. 𝑥2 9. 3𝑥 − 4
−4𝑥
5. 3𝑥 − 1 10. 2

Let’s Understand
❖ Algebraic Expressions
An algebraic expression is an expression which may contain a variable, a
constant, or a combination of both. It may also include the four operation symbols and
different grouping symbols. It is separated by a plus (+) or minus (−) signs.
Examples:
a. 5 d. −3𝑥
b. 𝑥 e. 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 2
c. 𝑥 + 5 f. 2𝑥 − 6

❖ Linear Equation in One Variable

A Linear equation in one variable is an equation of the first degree. It is a
mathematical statement that shows two algebraic expressions are equal.
A Linear equation in one variable can be written in the form
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 = 𝑐
where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are real numbers and 𝑎 ≠ 0.
Examples:
a. 𝑥 + 4 = 9 c. −8 = 𝑎 − 10

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b. 𝑦 − 6 = 15 d. 5𝑏 + 1 = 𝑏 − 7

As you can see in the given examples above, an equal sign (=) separates the
two expressions. The expressions are commonly called the left side and the right side
of the equation.
𝒙 + 𝟒 = 𝟗

left side right side

equal sign

There are properties of equality that we can use in solving an equation. These
are the following:
Let 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are real numbers
1) Reflexive Property
It states that any number or expression is always equal to itself.
𝒂=𝒂
Examples: 5 = 5 −8 = −8
2) Symmetric Property
It states that the two expressions on the left and right side of the equation can
be interchanged without affecting the equation.
If 𝒂 = 𝒃, then 𝒃 = 𝒂
Examples: a. If 3𝑥 + 8 = 10, then 10 = 3𝑥 + 8
b. If 5𝑥 = 6𝑥 − 1, then 6𝑥 − 1 = 5𝑥
3) Transitive Property
If two expressions are each equal to a third expression, then these three
expressions are equal to each other.
If 𝒂 = 𝒃 and 𝒃 = 𝒄, then 𝒂 = 𝒄
Examples: a. If 𝑥 = 4 and 4 = 𝑦, then 𝑥 = 𝑦
b. If 𝑥 − 3 = 18 and 18 = 2𝑦, then 𝑥 − 3 = 2𝑦
4) Substitution Property
It states that if 𝒂 = 𝒃, then 𝒂 can be substituted for 𝒃 and 𝒃 can be
substituted for 𝒂 in any equation.
Examples: a. If 𝑥 = 2 and 𝑥 = 𝑦, then 𝑦 = 2
b. If 𝑎 − 4 = −8 and 𝑎 = 𝑏, then 𝑏 − 4 = −8
5) Addition Property of Equality (APE)
It states that adding the same number on both sides of the equation will give
an equal sum.
If 𝒂 = 𝒃, then 𝒂 + 𝒄 = 𝒃 + 𝒄.
Examples: a. If 𝑥 − 5 = 6, then 𝑥 − 5 + 5 = 6 + 5
b. If 2𝑦 − 3 = 𝑦 + 4, then 2𝑦 − 3 + 3 = 𝑦 + 4 + 3
6) Multiplication Property of Equality (MPE)
Multiplying the same number on both sides of the equation will give an equal
product.
If 𝒂 = 𝒃, then 𝒂𝒄 = 𝒃𝒄
x 𝑥
Examples: a. If 5 = −3, then 5 (5) = −3(5)
1 1
b. If 6𝑥 = 12, then 6𝑥 (6) = 12 (6)

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𝑵𝑶𝑻𝑬: Why are subtraction and division not mentioned on the properties?
Always remember that subtracting means adding the negative of what is
subtracted. Which means 𝒂 − 𝒃 is the same as 𝒂 + (−𝒃). Example: If 𝑥 + 5 = 9, then
𝑥 + 5 + (−𝟓) = 9 + (−𝟓) is the same as 𝑥 + 5 − 𝟓 = 9 − 𝟓.
While division means multiplying the reciprocal of the divisor on the given
𝟏 𝟏 3𝑥 15
expression. Example: If 3𝑥 = 15, then 3𝑥 ( ) = 𝟏𝟓 ( ) is the same as = .
𝟑 𝟑 3 3

❖ Linear Inequality in One Variable

An inequality is a statement in which the two algebraic expressions are not
equal that is either one quantity is greater than or less than the other. It is a linear
inequality if the variable is on the first degree.
These are the following inequality symbols:
> is greater than
< is less than
≥ is greater than or equal to
≤ is less than or equal to
≠ is not equal to
Examples: a. 𝑥 + 3 > 9 c. 2(𝑥 + 7) > −20
b. 2𝑥 < 𝑥 − 8

A solution to an inequality is the same in equation that is when substituted to

the variable will make the statement true. It also uses properties.
Properties of Inequality
For any real numbers, a, b, and c, we have:
1) Transitive Property of Inequality (TPI)
If 𝒂 < 𝒃 and 𝒃 < 𝒄, then 𝒂 < 𝒄
If 𝒂 > 𝒃 and 𝒃 > 𝒄, then 𝒂 > 𝒄
Examples: a. If −3 < 6 and 6 < 17, then −3 < 17
b. If 3𝑥 ≥ 21 and 21 ≥ −15, then 3𝑥 ≥ −15
2) Addition Property of Inequality (API)
The inequality symbol does not change if the same number is added to both
sides of an inequality.
If 𝒂 > 𝒃, then 𝒂 + 𝒄 > 𝒃 + 𝒄
If 𝒂 < 𝒃, then 𝒂 + 𝒄 < 𝒃 + 𝒄
Examples: a. If 8 > 5, then 8 + 4 > 5 + 4 or 12 > 9
b. If 𝑥 − 2 ≤ −6, then 𝑥 − 2 + 2 ≤ −6 + 2
3) Multiplication Property of Inequality (MPI)
The inequality symbol does not change if the same positive number are
multiplied to both sides of an inequality.
If 𝒂 > 𝒃 and 𝒄 > 𝟎, then 𝒂𝒄 > 𝒃𝒄
If 𝒂 < 𝒃 and 𝒄 > 𝟎, then 𝒂𝒄 < 𝒃𝒄
If we multiply a negative number on both sides of the inequality, we need to
reverse the inequality symbol.
If 𝒂 > 𝒃 and 𝒄 < 𝟎, then 𝒂𝒄 < 𝒃𝒄

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If 𝒂 < 𝒃 and 𝒄 < 𝟎, then 𝒂𝒄 > 𝒃𝒄

Examples: a. If 4 < 7, then 4(5) < 7(5) or 20 < 35
b. If 4 < 7, then 4(−5) > 7(−5) or −20 > −35

Solution of an inequality can be graphed using a number line. If the symbol is

either < or >, we use an open circle to indicate that the given number is not included
in the solution. And if the symbols are ≤ or ≥, we use a solid circle which means the
given number is included in the solution. If the inequality symbols are < 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ≤, we
draw a line extending to the left from the solid/open circle. If the inequality symbols are
> 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ≥, we draw a line extending to the right from the solid/open circle.
Examples: Graph the following solutions of inequalities.
a. 𝑥 < −2

b. 𝑥 > 3

c. 𝑥 ≤ −1

d. 𝑥 ≥ −2

e. −1 < 𝑥 < 4

Let’s Apply
A. Determine if the given expression is a linear equation in one variable or not.
________ 1) 𝑦 + 3 = 10 ________ 6) 9𝑥 + 8 = −5𝑥 − 2
1
________ 2) 3 − 4𝑥 = 4 ________ 7) 𝑎 − 4 = 0
________ 3) 𝑥 3 − 4 = 𝑥 ________ 8) (𝑏 + 3)(𝑏 − 4) = 12
𝑥
________ 4) 𝑥(𝑥 + 7) = −3 ________ 9) 9 = −1
________ 5) −𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 25 ________ 10) 𝑦 − 12 = 6𝑦 + 4
B. Give the property of equality that is illustrated by each of the following statements.
________ 1) If 𝑎 = 6, then 6 = 𝑎
________ 2) −20 = −20
________ 3) If 5𝑥 = 15, then 𝑥 = 3

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________ 4) 4 = 4
x x
________ 5) If 7 = −2, then 7 (7) = −2(7)
C. Identify the property of inequality illustrated by the following.
________ 1) If 𝑥 + 9 < 14, then 𝑥 + 9 − 9 < 14 − 9
________ 2) If 9𝑥 < 18 and 18 < 𝑦, then 9𝑥 < 𝑦
________ 3) If 𝑦 − 8 ≤ 4 then 𝑦 − 8 + 8 ≤ 4 + 8
1 1
________ 4) If −5𝑥 ≥ −20, then −5𝑥 (− 5) ≤ −20 (− 5)
________ 5) If 𝑥 − 10 < 8, then 𝑥 < 18

Let’s Analyze
A. Give the missing expression to make it a true statement.
1) If 𝑦 = 5, then 5 =________ (Symmetric Property)
2) −10 =_______ (Reflexive Property)
3) If 𝑎 + 3 = 7 and 𝑎 = 4, then _____= 7 (Substitution Property)
4) −20 =______ (Reflexive Property)
5) If 𝑥 + 7 = −3, then 𝑥 + 7 − 7 =_____ (APE)
B. Determine the property used/illustrated in each mathematical statement.
1) 2𝑥 − 3 = 17
2𝑥 = 20 a. ____________________
𝑥 = 10
If 𝑥 = 10, then 2(10) − 3 = 17 b. ____________________
17 = 17 c. ____________________
𝑥
2) −5 = 4
−20 = 𝑥 d. ____________________
𝑥 = −20 e. ____________________
C. Determine if each given statement is TRUE or FALSE and give the property that
justifies your answer.
________ 1) If 𝑎 < 𝑏, then 𝑎 + 𝑐 < 𝑏 + 𝑐
________ 2) If 𝑎 ≥ 𝑏 and 𝑐 < 0, then 𝑎𝑐 ≤ 𝑏𝑐
________ 3) If 𝑎 > 𝑏 and 𝑐 > 0, then 𝑎𝑐 < 𝑏𝑐
________ 4) If 𝑎 < 𝑏, then 𝑎 − 𝑐 > 𝑏 − 𝑐
________ 5) If 𝑎 > 𝑏 and 𝑏 < 𝑐, then 𝑎 > 𝑐
D. Match each inequality in column A with its solution set in column B.
A B
3
_____ 1) − 2 < 𝑥 < 2 A.

_____ 2) 𝑥 < 3 B.

_____ 3) 𝑥 ≥ 2 C.

_____ 4) −5 < 𝑥 ≤ 15 D.

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_____ 5) 𝑥 ≤ 5 E.

Let’s Try (Evaluation)

A. Identify the property of equality illustrated in each statement.
________ 1) 𝑎 = 𝑎
________ 2) If 𝑥 − 5 = 1, then 𝑥 − 5 + 5 = 1 + 5
________ 3) If 𝑥 + 3 = 2𝑥 + 9 and 2𝑥 + 9 = 6, then 𝑥 + 3 = 6
________ 4) If 2𝑥 = −𝑥 + 7, then 2𝑥 + 𝑥 = −𝑥 + 7 + 𝑥
3𝑥 −6
________ 5) If 3𝑥 = −6, then =
3 3
B. Give the missing expression to make it a true statement.
1) If 𝑦 − 3 > 4, then 𝑦 − 3 + 3 >________ (API)
𝑋 𝑥
2) If −3 ≥ 9, then −3 (−3) ≤______ (MPI)
3) If 5𝑥 + 4 < −6, then 5𝑥 + 4 − 4 <_______ (API)
𝑥 𝑥
4) If 8 > −3, then 8 (8) >________ (MPI)
5) If 4𝑥 ≥ −2 and −2 ≥ −4, then 4𝑥 ≥_______ (TPI)
C. For each graph, write the inequality that describes the set of points
indicated/illustrated.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.