Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION VIII – EASTERN VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CATBALOGAN CITY
SAMAR NATIONAL SCHOOL
Catbalogan City

Date: November 16, 2022

Section: G9-Talisay & Pinetree

DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE 9

QUARTER 2
Content Standard:
The development of atomic models that led to the description of the behavior of electrons
within atoms.
How atoms combine with other atoms by transferring or by sharing electrons. Forces that
hold metals together.
Performance Standard:
Employ appropriate techniques using the compound microscope to gather data about very
small objects.
I. OBJECTIVE:

A. Most Essential Learning Competency

Recognize different types of compounds (ionic or covalent) based on their properties
such as melting point, hardness, polarity, and electrical and thermal conductivity
(S9MT-IIb-14).
B. Instructional Objectives:
1. Define the term valence electrons
2. Identify the number of valence electrons of atoms.
3. Compare the electronegativity and ionization energy values of metals and
nonmetals.
4. Show the relationship among the number of valence electrons, electronegativity,
and ionization energy

II. SUBJECT MATTER

Topic: Chemical Bonding
KBI: Show cooperation in activities

III.Learning Resources

A. Materials: Chalk, Blackboard, Pictures

 B. References: Grade 7 Science Learner’s Module pages 262-276
Grade 7 Science Teacher’s Material pages 306-314

IV. PROCEDURE
Teacher’s Activity Learners’ Activity
Preliminary Activity
Prayer Prayer
Greetings
Good afternoon class Good afternoon, Teacher Edessa.
Checking Cleanliness and Attendance
Before you take your seat, please pick
up the pieces of paper on the floor.
Is there any absent for today’s class? None Teacher.

DRILL|ELICIT Possible Answers:

Pre-Assessment: The answers of students may vary.
Direction: Encircle the letter of the best
answer for each question.

1. Which of the properties of atoms is

the most suitable reference for the 1. c. electronegativity
kind of bond that will take place
between/among them?
a. atomic size
b. electron affinity
c. electronegativity
d. ionization energy

2. What kind of particle is produced 2. d. molecule

after covalent bonding?
a. ion
b. atom
c. electron
d. molecule

3. How does ionic bonding take place?

a. Two non-metallic elements of the 3. d. A metallic element like
same kind form strong forces of sodium transfers an electron to
attraction. a non-metallic element like
b. Two non-metallic elements of fluorine.
different kinds form strong forces
of attraction.
c. A non-metallic element like
fluorine is attracted to a metallic
element like sodium.
d. A metallic element like sodium
transfers an electron to a non-
metallic element like fluorine.
4. What kind of chemical bond will form 4. d. nonpolar covalent bond
between two oxygen atoms?
a. ionic bond
 b. metallic bond
c. polar covalent bond
d. nonpolar covalent bond

5. Which of the following type of bonds

will have the highest electrical and 5. b. metallic bond
thermal conductivity?
a. ionic bond
b. metallic bond
c. polar covalent bond
d. nonpolar covalent bond

6. Why can metals be hammered

without breaking? 6. b. They are malleable.
a. They are ductile.
b. They are malleable.
c. They are not brittle.
d. Its particles are strong.

7. When does covalent bonding take

7. a. it takes place when atoms
place?
a. It takes place when atoms share share electrons with one
electrons with one another. another.
b. It takes place when the attraction
between atoms is strong.
c. It takes place when atoms collide
with one another.
d. It takes place when atoms attain
stability.

8. Nitrogen (N) belongs to family 5A and

it is diatomic. How many nonpolar
covalent bonds will there be in the 8. c. 3
N2 molecule?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

9. Which of the following will have the

highest melting temperature?
a. paraffin wax (candle wax) 9. b. sodium chloride (salt)
b. sodium chloride (salt)
c. sucrose (table sugar)
d. lead wire

10.Which among the following shows

that an atom is stable?
a. having 2 valence electrons
b. having 4 valence electrons
c. having 6 valence electrons
10.d. having 8 valence electrons
d. having 8 valence electrons
ENGAGE Possible Answers
Ask students their house numbers and The answers of students may vary.
the street where their house is located.
This identifies the location of their
house. A similar scheme is used for
atoms. A number called valence
electrons is required by atoms
indicating their capability to accept or
give off electrons.

EXPLORE
Students will have a group activity. Students start doing their group
activities.
Activity 1: Mapping the Periodic
Table

Materials:
 Periodic Table
 Crayons
Procedure:
1. Locate the metals, non-metals,
and noble gases in figure 1. Color
the area with metallic elements
blue; non-metallic elements
yellow; and noble gases green.

Q1. Where can you find metals, non-

metals, and noble gases in the periodic
table of elements?
Q2. Which number will give you an idea
of the number of valence electrons?
Q3. What do you notice in the number
of valence electrons of metals,
nonmetals, and noble gases?

2. Observe the number that

corresponds to the valence
 electrons, electronegativity and
ionization energy of metals and
non-metals using a periodic
table.
Q4. What kind of element has:
a. less than 4 valence electrons?
b. more than 4 valence electrons?
c. low electronegativity?
d. high electronegativity?
e. low ionization energy?
f. high ionization energy?

Activity 2: Lewis Symbol

Materials:
 Periodic Table of Elements
Procedure:
1. Use the given periodic table of
elements to determine the
number of valence electrons.
2. You may refer to the group
number where it belongs in filling
up the table below.

Q1. Arrange these elements in

increasing:
a. valence electrons
b. electronegativity values.
c. Ionization energy.

Q2. What do you notice with the

number of valence electrons,
electronegativity values and ionization
energies of the elements?
Q3. What kind of element has the
greatest tendency to attract electrons?
Why?
Q4. What kind of element requires high
energy to remove its valence electrons?
Why?
EXPLAIN
Each group are presenting their outputs
in front.
Activity 1: Mapping the Periodic
Table
Q1. Where can you find metals, non-
metals, and noble gases in the periodic
table of elements?
Q2. Which number will give you an idea
of the number of valence electrons?
Q3. What do you notice in the number
of valence electrons of metals,
nonmetals, and noble gases?
Q4. What kind of element has:
a. less than 4 valence electrons?
b. more than 4 valence electrons?
c. low electronegativity?
Activity 1: Electron Configurations
 Facing the periodic table, metals
are located before the metalloids,
on the left side of the periodic table
of element (Groups I -13).
 Facing the periodic table, non-
metals are found after the
metalloids, on the right side of the
periodic table (Groups 14-17).
 Noble gases are at the rightmost
column of the periodic table
(Group 18).
The representative elements or main
group elements are found in the s
block
and p-block of the periodic table. The
group number of the s-block (Groups1
and 2) elements tells us the number of
valence electrons. For example, all
elements belonging to Group 2 have
two (2) valence electrons. An exception
is helium in Group 18. For the p-block
elements (Groups 13 to 18), the
number of valence electrons is the
group number minus 10. This pattern
does not include the transition
elements.
Metals have lesser valence electrons
than non-metals. All noble gases have
8 valence electrons except for helium,
which has 2 valence electrons.
 Metals have valence electrons
less than 4.
 Non-metals have valence
electrons of more than 4.
 Generally, metals have low
 electronegativity.
d. high electronegativity?  Generally, non-metals have high
electronegativity.
e. low ionization energy?  Metals have low ionization
energy.
f. high ionization energy?  Non-metals have high ionization
energy.
Activity 2: Lewis Symbol
Activity 2: Lewis Symbol

Q1. Arrange these elements in Li<Ca<Al<N<S<F

increasing:
a. valence electrons Li<Ca<Al<N<S<F
b. electronegativity values. Li<Ca<Al<N<S<F
c. Ionization energy.

Q2. What do you notice with the As the number of valence electron
number of valence electrons, increases, electronegativity, and
electronegativity values, and ionization ionization energy also increase.
energies of the elements?
Non-metals have the greatest tendency
Q3. What kind of element has the to attract electrons because they have
greatest tendency to attract electrons? high electronegativity.
Why?
Non-metals have high energy
Q4. What kind of element requires high requirements to pull their valence
energy to remove its valence electrons? electrons.
Why?

ELABORATE
It is interesting to look back at the
lessons you have learned about the
matter when you were in Grades 7 and
8. Do you still remember them? Yes! In
Grade 7, you were able to describe the
properties of metals and non-metals
and to recognize elements and
compounds. In Grade 8, you observed
different common changes such as
evaporation, condensation, boiling, and
melting that helped you learn about the
particles that matter is made of. You
have also learned that the elements are
systematically arranged and grouped in
the Periodic Table of Elements. Your
knowledge about the matter is
continuously growing. In fact, in the
previous unit, you were introduced to
how electrons in different atoms are
distributed. You have learned a lot so
far!

Except for helium, all of them have

eight electrons at the outermost energy
level. The sharing or the complete
transfer of electrons causes an atom to
have the same electronic configuration
as that of the nearest noble or inert gas.
The sharing or the complete transfer
indicates that the atom has attained
stability. Either the sharing or the
complete transfer of electrons leads to
the formation of compounds.

Do you still remember the meaning of

Valence electrons give you the number
valence electrons?
of electrons at the outermost energy
level of the atom. This is the
information you need to know in order
for you to determine whether atoms
transfer, accept, or share electrons to
become stable.
The valence electrons are the electrons
directly involved in forming bonds to
form compounds. It is important that
you know the number of valence
electrons so that can illustrate how
bonds are formed. It is good that you
have found out that metals have low
electronegativity and non-metals have
high electronegativity because this
property plays an important role in
forming compounds.

Do you know what electronegativity

means? Electronegativity is a measure of the
tendency of an atom to attract
electrons, the higher its value, the
higher its tendency to attract
 electrons.
How about ionization energy?
Ionization energy is the energy
needed to pull or remove one or more
electron/s from a neutral atom. The
You can also show the number of lower the ionization energy the easier it
valence electrons through the Lewis is to remove its valence electrons.
Symbol. This symbol is composed of the
chemical symbol of the element and
dots that represent the number of
valence electrons.

You have just learned the relationship

between the number of valence
electrons, electronegativity and
ionization energy.

You also realized that it is easy to write

the Lewis Symbol of the representative
element. The information that you
found out from the previous activity will
be helpful in understanding chemical
bonding.

Do you know why atoms form

compounds? Have you heard about the
Octet Rule?
The Octet Rule tells you that elements
gain or lose or share electrons to
achieve the electronic configuration of
the nearest noble gas. Thus, after
chemical bonding, elements become
Atoms always strive to attain the most isoelectronic with the nearest noble
stable arrangement of electrons. Atoms gas in the periodic table.
are stable if their electrons have the
same kind of arrangement as that of
noble gases, where the s and p orbitals
are filled with electrons except for
helium, where only the s orbitals are
filled up. All the noble gases except for
helium have 8 valence electrons.

Metals have low electronegativity and

ionization energy; thus, they tend to
transfer or loose electrons. Non-metals
have high electronegativity and
ionization energy. They have a greater
tendency to attract electrons towards
themselves. Thus, non-metals tend to
gain electrons.
In what other learning areas can we
apply this lesson?
EVALUATE
Can You Make Me Complete?
A. Fill in the missing data to complete
the table below.
1. What is valence electron?
2. What is the importance of the valence
electron?
3. How is valence electron determined
using the electron configuration?
4. How do you identify the group
number and period of an element?
EXTEND
Students answer may vary.
Students will answer on a ¼ sheet of
paper.
After they answer, they will exchange
papers with their seatmates and check
afterwards.
Can You Make Me Complete?
Valence electrons are the electrons in
the outermost/highest energy level of
an atom.
Valence electrons are used to
determine the element’s period and are
important in chemical reactions since
they are the easiest to transfer or to
share.
Valence electrons are determined
through the superscripts or exponents
in the outermost energy.
The number of valence electron is the
same as the group number while
periods can be determined through the
highest energy level of an atom.
Coefficients represent the periods.
EXTEND
 Student will answer the given worksheet
Student will answer the given
worksheet

V. Remarks

The grade 9 students got 98% proficiency level, which means that most of my student
understand the concept and the importance of Valence Electron.

VI. Reflection

Based from the proficiency level of my students it shows that discovery and inquiry approach
on teaching Valence Electron helps the students to understand the concept and the importance
of the lesson.

Prepared by:

EDESSA D. MASINAS
SST I

NOTED:

BRIGIDA C. SINGZON
Science Head Teacher

RUTH D. CABANGANAN
Secondary School Principal IV