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METHODOLOY
The method that will be used in the test is the Sieve Analysis, Specific gravity Test, and
The soil sample that will be tested will come from the three barangays on the North-
eastern part of Balindong, Lanao Del Sur particularly the Barangay Dado, Barangay Lumbac
The data will be gathered from the soil sample Two (2) meters below the surface in Three
(3) random areas in Barangay Dado, barangay Lumbac Lalan, and Barangay Pagayawan. Thus,
the Nine (9) soil samples that will be put on sack bags. Each soil sample will be a half of the
volume of that sack bag and will be taken to the Mindanao State University Marawi City,
The tests will be done on the laboratory of Mindanao State University College of
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3.4.1 Physical Properties
Apparatus:
Special
General:
1. Distilled Water
2. Heat Source
Procedure:
1. Mix 100 -120g (exact weight is not important at this point) of air-dry soil with
used, soak soil 20 to 30 minutes. (ASTM suggest 12 hours for oven dried
samples).
2. Weigh the dry volumetric flask, and then carefully fill to the volume mark de-
aired water. Use care not to reintroduced air into the water by splashing.
Alternatively, apply vacuum for a few minutes after filling the flask about
three-quarters full. With the water level at the volume mark (Not meniscus)
and the neck inside above the volume mark dry, weigh the flask and record
the weigh as Wbw. Take a temperature reading so the soil water mixture will
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be at the same temperature ±1 degree Celsius. Do this while waiting for the
soil to soak or while your soil is being mix in the mechanical mixer. Omit this
3. After 15 to 30 minutes, transfer the soaked soil from the evaporating dish to
the volumetric flask. Wash all the soil into the flask. Add sufficient
Do not dill into the flask neck as the vacuum efficiency will be markedly
reduced.
4. Attach the flask to a heigh vacuum for at least10 min. during this time, gently
agitate the mixture by carefully shaking and turning the flask. Observe that the
reduced air pressure in the flask causes water to boil. If the air has not been
sufficiently removed, let the flask stand for a few minutes so that the top water
clears, then pour out enough water as that a vacuum can be efficiently applied.
This step can take several hours. However, for the student’s laboratories,
check with the instructors after reasonable amount of time for next step.
5. When the de-airing process is complete, carefully add water until the bottom
reintroduce air into the flask when completing the filling operations. Use
6. Weigh the flask and its contents to the nearest 0.1g to obtain Wwb. Be sure the
Wwb.
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7. Empty the flask and its contents into a deep evaporating dish or other
container and oven dry. Be careful not to lose any soil at this point. Weigh the
8. Compute Gs . compare the density of water used with that of distilled water
9. Repeat the sequence outline (step 1-8) for additional values of G s until you
have two values that are within 2% of each other, defined as follows:
Smallest value of Gs
Apparatus:
1. Set of Sieves
Procedure:
1. Obtain exactly 500g oven-dry soil from the container of soil. Be sure the
the soil from the container and regularly remixing the stock until you obtain
be omitted, go to step 4. Otherwise, place the test sample on the no. 200 sieve
and carefully wash the material through the sieve using tap water until the
water is clear. Be careful in this process not to damage the sieve or lose any
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3. Carefully pour the residue, using backwash, into larger weigh dish, and let it
sit for a short period of time until the top of the suspension becomes clear. Por
off as much of the clear tap water as possible, then place the dish and
4. On the following day, return to the laboratory and weigh the oven-dry residue.
Run the sample through a stack of sieves varying from larger to smaller sizes
Alternate the mode of shaking so that the grains are being continually moved
6. Remove stack of sieves and obtain the weight of material remaining on each
sieve. Sum these weighs and compare with the weight obtained in Step 4.
7. Compute the percent retained on each sieve by dividing the weight retained in
8. Compute the percent passing by starting with 100% and subtracting the
Apparatus:
2. Evaporating dish
3. Drying container
4. Spatula
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6. Straight edge
A. Liquid Limit
The liquid limit is the minimum water content at which the soil just begins to
exhibit shearing strength. Using a standard liquid limit is defined as the moisture content
at which 25 blows in this apparatus will just close a standard groove in the sample of the
soil.
Procedure:
1. Adjust the liquid limit device so that the cup falls exactly 1cm as measured in
2. Mix about 100g of the soil to be tested with water to form a smooth paste.
3. Put enough of the soil in the cup of the liquid limit to fill the cup about 1/3 full.
4. Mix and spread the soil in the cup with the spatula forming a smooth layer
5. Draw the grooving tool through the center of the cup from the back to the
front, being sure to keep the point of the tool in contact with and perpendicular
to the cup.
6. Turn the crank at the rate of approximately 2 blows per second and count the
7. Mix the sample in the cup and repeat step 2 and 3 until the number of blows
8. Record the number of blows obtained in step 7 and remove about 10 grams
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9. Obtain at least four sets of reading by repeating steps 2-7with different water
contents.
10. Plot water content as log of blows with number of blows as abscissa (log scale)
and the water content as ordinate and drawing the best straight line through the
plotted points.
Determination no. 1 2 3
Container no.
Wt. Cont.+Wet Soil(g)
Wt. Cont.+ Dry Soil (g)
Wt. Water, Ww (g)
Wt. Container (g)
Wt. dry soil, Ws (g)
Water Content w, (%)
Table 3.1 Liquid Limit Sheet
B. Plastic Limit
Procedure:
1. Mix through about 15 grams of the soil to be tested with enough water to form
a plastic mass.
2. Roll the soil by hand on the glass plate or sheet of paper until it forms a thread
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4. Weigh the thread in the drying container for water content determination.
6. The average of the water contents of the three determination is the plastic
limit.
Determination no. 1 2 3
Container no.
Wt. Cont.+Wet Soil(g)
Wt. Cont.+ Dry Soil (g)
Wt. Water, Ww (g)
Wt. Container (g)
Wt. dry soil, Ws (g)
Water Content w, (%)
Plastic Limit Sheet
Plasticity Index
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