Semiconductor

Electronics
Mekatronika
Ario SB
(Source: Alciatore, D.G. et.al, 2011)
Outline
Introduction

Valence and conduction bands of materials

Junction Diode

pn Junction Characteristics
Junction Diode

Silicon Diodes
Example of Common Diodes
Diode check valve analogy
Zener Diode
Zener Diode
Example of Zener Regulation Performance
Example of Zener Regulation Performance
Zener Diode Voltage Regulator
Example of Zener Diode Voltage Regulator (1/2)
Example of Zener Diode Voltage Regulator
(2/2)
Summary of Zener Diode
• In summary, zener diodes are useful in circuits
where it is necessary to derive smaller regulated
voltages from a single higher-voltage source.
• When designing zener diode circuits, one must
select appropriate current-limiting resistors given
the power limitations of the diodes.
• In simple mechatronic designs that may be
powered by a 9 V battery and require good 5 V DC
supplies for digital devices, a well designed zener
regulator is a cheap and effective solution if the
current requirements are modest.
Voltage Regulator
Optoelectronics Diode
Bipolar Junction Transistor

For the transistor to be on, the base-

to-emitter junction must be forward
biased ( VBE = 0.7V, so VB = VE
+0.7V).
When this is the case, a large collecto
current can flow (I C > 0) with a small
base current ( IB << IC ), and there will
be a small voltage drop ( VCE ) in the
collector-to-emitter circuit ( VE =VC -
VCE ).