KEVIN KHEIN P.

BIYONG BSME-3A

In the following list of Measuring Devices, Pressure gauges. They are usually used on Measuring Vacuum
Pressure. Discuss their operating principles.

1. Pirani Gauge

= The Pirani gauge measures the vacuum pressure dependent thermal conductivity from the heated
wire to the surrounding gas. The heated Pirani sensor filament is typically made of a thin (<25 µm)
Tungsten, Nickel or Platium wire. As gas molecules collide with the filament wire, heat is transported
from the hot wire.

2. Mc Leod Gauge

= A McLeod gauge is a scientific instrument used to measure very low pressures, down to 10⁻⁶ Torr. It
was invented in 1874 by Herbert McLeod. McLeod gauges were once commonly found attached to
equipment that operates under vacuum, such as a lyophilizer.

3. Penning Gauge

= The Pirani gauge is a robust thermal conductivity gauge used for the measurement of the pressures in
vacuum systems. It was invented in 1906 by Marcello Pirani. Marcello Stefano Pirani was a German
physicist working for Siemens & Halske which was involved in the vacuum lamp industry.

4. Diaphragm Gauge

= A diaphragm pressure gauge, also known as a membrane pressure gauge, is a device that utilizes the
deflection of a flexible thin membrane called the 'diaphragm' to measure the pressure of the fluid in a
system.

5. Quartz spiral

= Quartz enhances spiritual growth, spirituality, awareness, and wisdom. It increases inspiration and
creativity. It can also help with concentration, studying, and retaining what one learns. Quartz is a stone
of harmony and is helpful in romantic relationships.