READING COMPREHENSION

STRATEGIES
READING COMPREHENSION STRATEGIES
OVERVIEW
• Get meaning from the text

• Remember important information from the text

• Finding the topic sentence
• Stating the implied main idea
• Locating supporting points and specific details
 Introduction
Cheating in video games is commonplace and is expected on any and all platforms. A particular genre of game is
affected, first-person shooters. This type of game is particular since a cheater has a multitude of ways that they can
cheat and can even do so discretely in order to avoid suspicion. Aimbot, wall hack, no recoil, radar hack; these are just a
few of the possible ways to cheat in games such as Counter-Strike. Cheaters are so prevalent in Counter-Strike that
communities were created such as E-Sports Entertainment Association League. ESEA offers a service for players to
participate in matches that are protected with more invasive anti-cheat software. On some days, there can be over 20
bans performed by this software [1-5]; this may seem minimal, but the overall number of players in a day isn’t that
high on this service. On top of that, a single cheater ruins the match for 10 players at once.
TOPIC SENTENCE:
POSSIBLETOPICS: Cheaters are so prevalent in
SUMMARY OF WRITER’S POINTS:
Cheating Counter-Strike that communities
Widespread in a first-person shooter game were created such as E-Sports
Cheaters Counter Strike that led to ESEA offering Entertainment Association
Cheat matches protected by anti-cheat software League.
SAMPLE TEXT SOURCE: Philbert, A. (2018). Detecting cheating in computer games using data mining
methods. American Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology, 06(03).
https://doi.org/10.21767/2349-3917.100026
 Cheating is not only an issue for casual players. Some people partake in competitions and professional
events Playing the video game is their full-time job. Having cheaters participate in these events without
getting caught is an issue that has to be solved. The utmost important events have invasive anti-cheat
and process analysis tools to ensure that the players do not have an unfair advantage; but this is part of
an arms race [6]. Cheat manufacturers have found ways to bypass such security
measures and have stated that some of the professional players today actually do use cheats.

POSSIBLE TOPICS: IMPLIED MAIN IDEA

Cheating in professional SUMMARY OF WRITER’S POINTS: Cheating in professional events
events It really happens and do happen which is a problem
should be solved that should be solved.

SAMPLE TEXT SOURCE: Philbert, A. (2018). Detecting cheating in computer games using data mining
methods. American Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology, 06(03).
https://doi.org/10.21767/2349-3917.100026
 Main Idea Function of Supporting Details
Supporting
Details
Alayed et Reason When there is lag (a.k.a. Delay in the
al. argued that network), it will affect the features being collected and may give
current cheating false positives or other errors.
detection measures
are a Result For this reason, they propose a
breach to the users’ server-sided behavior-based detection of players using data
privacy and could mining methods.
be tampered with.
Example The cheats included: Aim lock, auto aim, and
auto fire. On top of these cheats, they added mechanisms to
make them more difficult to be detected: Slow aim and auto
miss.
SAMPLE TEXT SOURCE: Philbert, A. (2018). Detecting cheating in computer games using data mining
methods. American Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology, 06(03).
https://doi.org/10.21767/2349-3917.100026
➢Direct Quotations
➢Facts
➢Figures
Image Source: https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/A_Reader%27s_Guide_to_Annotation
Guess the author’s ideas based on the information in the
text

• I think the author means…

• Perhaps the author is suggesting that…
• This event probably occurred before/during/after…
(e.g., World War II)
• What must have happened could be that…
• I think it happened because…
Ask the reporter’s questions

• How…?
• Why…?
• What if…?
• Who…?
• What could be an example of this concept…?
Use your five senses—sight, hearing, touch, taste, smell

• I imagine…
• I can almost/hear/taste/smell/feel…
• It must look like a…
With the text, with self, with the world

• This is like…because…
• This reminds me of… because…
• This is similar to… because…
• I read an article/book about this that states…
• This happened to me when…
• Determine the importance/relationship of
ideas/information.
• This must be the author’s thesis…because….
• This example supports the author’s point about…
• This seems important because…
• This figure is used to prove what the author says
about…
• This testimony tries to support the author’s claim
that…
Image Source:
https://www.umass.edu/studentsuccess/pla
n/skills/note-taking-strategies
 INTERPRETING
COMPLEX VISUALS
INTERPRETING COMPLEX VISUALS
OVERVIEW
 A presentation of data and
concepts in non-prose
forms

Visuals are commonly used

by writers

Image Source: https://preply.com/en/blog/2018/08/17/charts-graphs-and-diagrams-in-the-presentation/

Types of Visuals
 Visuals Description

Realistic Photos and drawings

Conventional Graphs, maps, flow charts, molecular structures, and diagrams

Hybrid Combination of realistic and conventional

Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF). (n.d.). Learning conference1.

https://www.upf.edu/pcstacademy/_docs/Learning_Conference1.pdf
Chern, A., Lai, Y., Chang, Y., Tsao, Y., Chang, R. Y., & Chang, H. (2017). A smartphone-based multi-
functional hearing assistive system to facilitate speech recognition in the classroom. IEEE Access, 5,
10339-10351. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2711489
 Visuals Description

Tables Present numerical data in rows and columns for quick reference

Charts and Show patterns, relate one variable to another; for instance, income to years of
Graphs education, or sales figures of a product over a period of three years
 used to show
relationships
between different
data series that are
independent of
each other

Chern, A., Lai, Y., Chang, Y., Tsao, Y., Chang, R. Y., & Chang, H. (2017). A smartphone-based multi-
functional hearing assistive system to facilitate speech recognition in the classroom. IEEE Access, 5,
10339-10351. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2711489
Line graphs represent
how data has changed
over time

Chern, A., Lai, Y., Chang, Y., Tsao, Y., Chang, R. Y., & Chang, H. (2017). A smartphone-based multi-
functional hearing assistive system to facilitate speech recognition in the classroom. IEEE Access, 5,
10339-10351. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2711489
Pie charts are
representatives
of a whole is
divided into
various parts.

Image Source: https://preply.com/en/blog/2018/08/17/charts-graphs-and-diagrams-in-the-presentation/

Chern, A., Lai, Y., Chang, Y., Tsao, Y., Chang, R. Y., & Chang, H. (2017). A smartphone-based multi-
functional hearing assistive system to facilitate speech recognition in the classroom. IEEE Access, 5,
10339-10351. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2711489
Combination of
conventional (e.g.,
map, graph, table,
etc.) and realistic
(e.g., photos,
drawings)

Byford, S. (2012, October 4). Google street view ios web app. The verge.
https://www.theverge.com/2012/10/4/3453258/google-maps-street-view-ios-web-app-available
 Visuals Description
Narrative Tells about a sequence of events

Classificational Groups examples into categories

Analytical Expresses concepts such as part-to-whole, cause-effect,

comparison-contrast, etc.

Metaphorical Connotes or symbolize a meaning

Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF). (n.d.). Learning conference1.

https://www.upf.edu/pcstacademy/_docs/Learning_Conference1.pdf
 General to
Specific

Part-to-whole
Spatial
 Analysis and
Interpretation of
Visuals
Fig. 1 shows the structure of the proposed MMC-based PV-BES
system. Only leg a of the converter is shown to clearly present the
details and notation of the converter. The proposed MMC
configuration consists of three legs, corresponding to three phases of
the system, and two arms in each leg, namely upper and lower arms.
Each arm of the MMC-based PV-BES system embeds one BES and N
PV
submodules. Each PV submodule comprises of a half-bridge dc-ac
converter, n sets of series- and parallel-connected PV panels (PV
generators) with their associated isolated DAB dc-dc converters as
presented in [21].
 When the SmartHear application starts up, the ‘‘Broadcast’’
function is selected as the default. Fig. 6 shows all sequence
of screens that are associated with ‘‘Broadcast.’’ The first
screen prompts the user to choose between ‘‘One to Many’’
and ‘‘One to One,’’ which represent one-to-many and one-
toone transmission modes, respectively. Depending on
which connection mode was selected, the user is led to a
connection screen to connect to either WiFi or Bluetooth.
If the device already has the necessary connection, the
application automatically moves on to the control screen.
On the control screen, the user is presented with five
control options: ‘‘Talk,’’ ‘‘Listen,’’ ‘‘Record,’’ ‘‘Reduce
Noise,’’ and ‘‘START.’’ The ‘‘Talk’’ and ‘‘Listen’’ options
allow users to switch between transmitting audio through
their smartphones (‘‘Talk’’) and receiving audio through
their smartphones (‘‘Listen’’).
Chern, A., Lai, Y., Chang, Y., Tsao, Y., Chang, R. Y., & Chang, H. (2017). A smartphone-based multi-
functional hearing assistive system to facilitate speech recognition in the classroom. IEEE Access, 5,
10339-10351. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2711489
How to describe charts, graphs, and diagrams in the presentation. (2019, 2). Language learning with
Preply Blog. https://preply.com/en/blog/2018/08/17/charts-graphs-and-diagrams-in-the-
presentation/#scroll-to-heading-5
How to describe charts, graphs, and diagrams in the presentation. (2019, 2). Language learning with
Preply Blog. https://preply.com/en/blog/2018/08/17/charts-graphs-and-diagrams-in-the-
presentation/#scroll-to-heading-5
CRITICAL READING
CRITICAL READING
OVERVIEW
• Understanding more than the
literal meaning of the text Critical reading means that
a reader applies certain
• Finding out about the processes, models,
questions, and theories
author’s attitude and opinion that result in enhanced
about the text’s topic clarity and
comprehension.

• Making inferences,
connections, visualizations
Critical reading: What is critical reading, and why do I need to do it? (n.d.).
Cleveland State University | Engaged Learning.
https://www.csuohio.edu/writing-center/critical-reading-what-critical-reading-and-
why-do-i-need-do-it
 Critical reading is a more
ACTIVE way of reading. It
Reading between and is a deeper and more
beyond the lines complex engagement with
a text.
Critical reading is a
process of analyzing,
interpreting and,
sometimes, evaluating.

Reading Critically. (n.d.). University of Toronto Scarborough.

https://www.utsc.utoronto.ca/twc/sites/utsc.utoronto.ca.twc/files/resource-files/CriticalReading.pdf
 Decreasing carbon dioxide emissions
Claim of Fact - makes an assertion about from car exhaust, manufacturing
something that can be proved or disproved with processes, fertilizers, and landfills, while
slowing deforestation, may help slow
factual evidence.
the process of global warming.

It’s better to apply good nutritional

Claim of Value - argues that something is choices at home than teach them at
good or bad, or that one thing is better than school, because good nutrition then
another thing. becomes ingrained in the child’s
experience.

The city’s board of education should

Claim of Policy - argues that certain institute an honors program not only
conditions should exist, or that something for high school students, but for
should or should not be done, in order to solve elementary and junior high school
students as well.
a problem.
Types of claims | College writing. (n.d.). Lumen Learning – Simple Book Production.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-esc-wm-englishcomposition1/chapter/types-of-claims/
 Example:
The American National Standard Institute
• A fact is a statement (ANSI), in collaboration with the Acoustical
that is true based on Society of America, has specied an SNR of 15 dB
objective proof or higher at the student's ear, a reverberation
time of less than 0.6 seconds, and a maximum
• A fact is discovered noise level of 35 dBA in an unoccupied
classroom for an amiable classroom learning
environment [12].

Chern, A., Lai, Y., Chang, Y., Tsao, Y., Chang, R. Y., & Chang, H. (2017). A
smartphone-based multi-functional hearing assistive system to facilitate speech
recognition in the classroom. IEEE Access, 5, 10339-10351.
https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2711489
 Example:
• An opinion is an It is not enjoyable to go up against a
interpretation, value player that hasn’t spent as much time
judgment, or belief that practicing and can beat you unfairly by
cannot be proved or using cheats. This discourages the player
disproved and ultimately makes them stop playing if
it becomes too recurrent.
• An opinion is created
SAMPLE TEXT SOURCE: Philbert, A. (2018). Detecting
cheating in computer games using data mining methods.
American Journal of Computer Science and Information
Technology, 06(03). https://doi.org/10.21767/2349-3917.100026
Connotation is the meaning of a word that carries a
positive or negative sentiment

Denotation is the factual meaning of the word

Words with Neutral With Positive With Negative
Meaning Connotation Connotation

Thin Slender Skinny

Outspoken Assertive Aggressive

Understanding Figurative Language

Carr, N. (2008, July). Is Google making us stupid? The Atlantic.

https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2008/07/is-google-making-us-stupid/306868/
• Inference - idea that is suggested by the facts or
details in the passage

• Valid inference - logical conclusion based on

evidence

• Invalid inference - conclusion that is not based on

the details, or facts in the text or on reasonable
thinking
Fill the table with specific details from the text
and inferences that can be drawn from it.
Details from the Text Plausible Inference
The SmartHear system consists of transmitter and
So, this means that if I use
receiver devices (e.g., smartphone and Bluetooth headset) the SmartHear system in
for voice transmission, and an Android mobile the classroom, I will not be
application that controls and connects distracted by the noise of
the different devices via Bluetooth or WiFi technology. my classmates’ chatting,
The wireless transmission of voice signals between and so it’ll help me
understand the lessons
devices overcomes the reverberation and ambient noise
better.
effects in the classroom.
SAMPLE TEXT SOURCE: Chern, A., Lai, Y., Chang, Y., Tsao, Y., Chang, R. Y., & Chang, H. (2017). A
smartphone-based multi-functional hearing assistive system to facilitate speech recognition in the
classroom. IEEE Access, 5, 10339-10351. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2711489
“Drawing valid conclusions involves
carefully collecting and reviewing
evidence and making judgments that
will withstand scrutiny.”

WRTG - Draw conclusions. (n.d.). Accredited Online College Degrees | UMGC.

https://www.umuc.edu/current-students/learning-resources/writing-center/online-guide-
to-writing/tutorial/chapter4/ch4-21.html
Evaluating the communicative value of the text
QUESTIONS TO ASK BEFORE JUDGING:

• What claim does the writer state mainly in the text?

• What kinds of reasoning and evidence are used to
support the claims?
• Could the evidence be interpreted differently?
• What are the underlying assumptions?
• What does the text mean?

Reading Critically. (n.d.). University of Toronto Scarborough.

https://www.utsc.utoronto.ca/twc/sites/utsc.utoronto.ca.twc/files/resource-files/CriticalReading.pdf
• http://hydrocreditunion.com/index.php/assignment/6064/
• https://www.ereadingworksheets.com/text-
structure/patterns-of-organization/cause-and-effect/
• https://www.writedesignonline.com/organizers/sequence.ht
ml
• https://www.ereadingworksheets.com/text-
structure/patterns-of-organization/chronological-order/
• https://www.smekenseducation.com/Adjust-a-T-Chart-to-
Fit-Various-Text-Structures.html
Harvard College Writing Center. (2017). Retrieved August 3, 2-17, from

https://writingcenter.fas.harvard.edu/pages/resources

The Purdue Online Writing Lab. (2016). Retrieved August 3, 2017, from https://owl.english.purdue.edu/

UW-Madison Writer's Handbook. (2017, March 6). Retrieved August 3, 2017, from The Writing Center@ The

University of Wisconsin - Madison: https://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/index.html

Writing Resources . (2017). Retrieved August 3, 2017, from Harvard College Writing Center:
https://writingcenter.fas.harvard.edu/pages/resources
What is reading?(n.d.). Retrieved August 7, 2018 from https://www.ntid.rit.edu/sea/processes/comprehension/process/whatis
Academic Reading Strategies. (2018). Retrieved from https://writingcenter.unc.edu/esl/resources/academic-reading-strategies
Axelrod, R., Cooper, C., & Warriner, A. (2014). Reading critically, writing well: A reader and guide.
Boston, MA:
Bedford/St. Martin’s.
Fairbairn, G., & Winch, C. (2012). Reading, writing, and reasoning: A guide for students. New York,
NY: McGraw Hill.
Kemper, D. (2014). Fusion: Integrated reading and writing. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
Straus, J. (2014). The blue book of grammar and punctuation. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Torres-Gouserh, R. (2016). Intermediate English Grammar. Chicago, IL: McGraw-Hill
https://umshare.miami.edu/web/wda/ethics/Society/Logical_Fallacies.pdf
The Master Reader by D.J. Henry(2005)
http://www.logicalfallacies.info/relevance/bandwagon/
 Prepared by:
Helen C. Raymundo
06/25/2020