暑^

}(Í, 100ø‚) Àj 9: ø<}íd†

單元 9: 一些微分的規則
({… §2.2)
(1) bd† (constant rule). q c Ñøb, †
d
(c) = 0
dx
?即, b函bíû函b0Ñ 0. ÑSà¤? I
f (x) = c
†wÇ$Ñø®(, àÇý, )~(ÿu¤®(, ]
f 0(x) = ~(é率 = 0
Câì2,
f (x + ∆x) − f (x)
f 0(x) = lim
∆x→0 ∆x
c−c
= lim
∆x→0 ∆x
0
= lim
∆x→0 ∆x
= lim 0 = 0
∆x→0
w2|(ø_UA 4ÄÑb 0 í”Ìÿub 0,
它A己.

(2) 冪Ÿd† (power rule). q n ÑLøõb, †

d n
[x ] = nxn−1
dx
1 2×bç系:PM
暑^ }(Í, 100ø‚) Àj 9: ø<}íd†

ÑSà¤? 僅zp n Ñ£cbí8$, w它L<í n ?

A , Oô略zp. I n Ñø£cb, /
f (x) = xn
根Wì2, û函b
f (x + ∆x) − f (x)
f 0(x) = lim
∆x→0 ∆x
(x + ∆x)n − xn
= lim (1)
∆x→0 ∆x
¢, 根WùáÇ,
(x + ∆x)n − xn
n(n − 1) n−2
= xn + nxn−1∆x + x (∆x)2
2
+ · · · + (∆x)n − xn
n−1 n(n − 1) n−2
= nx ∆x + x (∆x)2
2
+ · · · + (∆x)n
Hp (1) 1¾ }ä, }母2íu°Ä ∆x, )
f 0(x)
n(n − 1) n−2
= lim nxn−1 + x (∆x)
∆x→0 2

+ · · · + (∆x)n−1
= nxn−1 + 0 + · · · + 0
= nxn−1
2 2×bç系:PM
暑^ }(Í, 100ø‚) Àj 9: ø<}íd†

w2ù_UA 4ÄÑøáú ∆x 7kÑø_

b, 5(í©øá·含Ä ∆x, ]ç ∆x → 0 v,
)|bí”Ìÿub…™, 7w它®áÊ乘,7”Ì
0 J(, ̉A7 0.

(3) b乘¶d† (constant multiple rule). q c

Ñøb/ f Ѫ, †
d d
[cf (x)] = c [f (x)]
dx dx
?即, ªT|b.

(4) ‹Ád† (sum and difference rule). q f D

g ̪, †
d d d
[f (x) ± g(x)] = [f (x)] ± [g(x)]
dx dx dx
?即, ª逐á}.

W 1. t°-®函bíû函b.

4t1/2
(a) g(t) =
5

1
(b) y = √
3
2 x2
3 2×bç系:PM
暑^ }(Í, 100ø‚) Àj 9: ø<}íd†

5
(c) y =
(2x)3

√
(d) f (x) = 2π + 2x + (5x)2 + 3x5/2

<j> jæx巧: ø®áÌZ寫A cxn í型(, y根

W,述íd†}.

(a) íl, g(t) ªZ寫A

4 1/2
t g(t) =
5
]根Wb乘¶d†J£冪Ÿd†,
4 d 1/2 4 1 1/2−1 2
 
g 0(t) = [t ]= t = t−1/2
5 dt 5 2 5

(b) %âZ寫, )
1 −2/3
y= x
2
]根Wb乘¶d†£冪Ÿd†,
1 d −2/3
y0 = [x ]
2 dx
1 2 −2/3−1 1 −5/3
 
= − x =− x
2 3 3
4 2×bç系:PM
暑^ }(Í, 100ø‚) Àj 9: ø<}íd†

(c) Z寫(, )
5 −3
x y=
8
]根Wb乘¶d†£冪Ÿd†,
0 5 −4 15 −4
y = (−3)x =− x
8 8

(d) %âZ寫, )
√
f (x) = 2π + 2x1/2 + 25x2 + 3x5/2
], íl根W‹Ád†Ê逐á}-, y根Ww它ú_d
†, )
0
√ 1 1/2−1
 
f (x) = 0 + 2 x + 25(2)x2−1
2
5 5/2−1
 
+3 x
√ 2
2 −1/2 15 3/2
= x + 50x + x
2 2

W 2. t°
2x2 − 3x + 5
g(x) = √
x
íû函b.
5 2×bç系:PM
暑^ }(Í, 100ø‚) Àj 9: ø<}íd†

<j> 即UJ(ç7Éζí}d†(, Ê}母只

Àøøáí8況-, ‚à}º ø©áZ寫A cxn í型
(, }“rÖ°û函bí¬˙. ], íl根W}º , ª
ø g(x) Z寫A
g(x) = 2x3/2 − 3x1/2 + 5x−1/2
QO, 根W,述í}d†, Ê逐á}-, )
3 5
g 0(x) = 3x1/2 − x−1/2 − x−3/2
2 2

W 3. t°
2 √
h(x) = (x − 1)(x + x − 2)
íû函b.

<j> Ê´„ç3É乘¶í}d†-, ø_ªWíj

¶uøŸ函bÇ1ø©øá寫A cxn í型, ԁuÊ
ñq乘Çí8況-, ¤j¶ªòQUà乘¶d†°û函b
bV)潔. ]Ç)
h(x) = x3 − x2 + x3/2 − x1/2 − 2x + 2
Ĥ,
0 2 3 1/2 1 −1/2
h (x) = 3x − 2x + x − x −2
2 2

6 2×bç系:PM