BS OPTOMETERY AND VISION SCIENCES

Academic Regulation
Attendance
Regular class attendance is important and expected. The Faculty of Health and Medical
Sciences considers both tardiness and early departure from class forms of absenteeism.
Students absent from class for all work missed.
Grade Numerical Equivalent Grade Point/ Letter Grade
A 90--100% A+
B 80—89.9% A
C 70—79.9% B+
D 65—71.9% B
E 50—64.9% C
F Below 50% (Course with Draw) F

Instruction have the right to determine whether work missed can be made up and have
the liberty to set reasonable expectations for attendance based on frequency of class
meetings and on the instruction delivery method, Subject, type, and level of the class
attendance policies will be clearly stated for students by their respective instructors on
separate documents (Course outlines/schedules) or appendices to the syllabus.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA (According to the Credit hours of each

course): The students will be assessed on both verbal and written performance shown
in the class according to the following criteria:

Course with Lab 3(2, 1)

S. No Assessment Task Frequency Total Marks
1 Terminal 1 50
2 Midterm 1 30
3 Lab/Viva 1 50
4 Quiz(One Before midterm, One before Terminal) 2 10
5 Assignment(One Before midterm, One before Terminal 2 10
with final presentation)

Course without Lab 3(3,0)

Sr.No Assessment Task Frequency Total Marks
1 Terminal 1 75
2 Midterm 1 45
3 Quiz(One Before midterm, One before Terminal) 2 15
4 Assignment (One Before midterm, One before 2 15
Terminal with final presentation)

Course without Lab 2(2,0)

Sr.No Assessment Task Frequency Total Marks
1 Terminal 1 50
2 Midterm 1 30
3 Quiz(One Before midterm, One before Terminal) 2 10
4 Assignment (One Before midterm, One before 2 10
Terminal with final presentation)
 August 2020
DR. BASHIR UR REHMAN

Work Ethics
To fulfill the responsibility to teach essential workplace ethics, the Faculty of Health
and Medical Sciences evaluates program students on attendance, attitude, productivity,
organization skills, communication, cooperation, and respect. Because students are
preparing for employment, it is essential that they become accustomed to standards of
behavior in the workplace. At the conclusion of the course, faculty members assign
separate numerical work ethics grades which appear beside the course letter grades on
both transcripts and grade reports. The work ethics grading scale is as follows:
 (Exceeds Expectations),
 2 (meets Expectations)
 1 (Needs Improvement), and
 0 (Unacceptable).

Academic Honesty
Academic honesty is expected at all times. Any student found to have engaged in
academic misconduct such as cheating, plagiarism, or collusion is subject to
disciplinary sanctions. The term “Plagiarism” includes, but is not limited to, the use, by
paraphrase or direct 1uotation, of the published or unpublished work of another person
without full and clear acknowledgment. The term “collusion” includes, but is not
limited to, the unauthorized collaboration with any other person in preparing work
offered for academic credit. Student are advised that faculty routinely use turnitin. Com
both to prevent plagiarism and to assist in verifying when/ if it has occurred.

Course withdrawal
Students may withdraw from a course without academic penalty until the mid-point of
the course. By withdrawing before the midpoint of the course, the student is
automatically assigned a grade of w which does not affect cumulative grade point
average.
Students who stop attending class(es) without formally withdrawing risk earning a final
grade of F, which will appear on the academic transcript.

Phones and other Device

Students are strictly prohibited from using cell phones and personal electronic devices
within learning facilities without the explicit permission of a Faculty or staff member.

Food & Drinks in Classroom

Food and beverages (other than water) are not allowed in classrooms/labs.

Grading of Clinical Courses

Grading the clinical grade will be based on the following
 Competencies (25%)
 Terminal Competency Eval. (15%)
 Clinical Participation (20%)
 Faculty Evaluations (30%)
 Professional characteristics (5%)
 Staff Evaluations (5%)

7|Page
 BS OPTOMETERY AND VISION SCIENCES

Clinical Participation will be calculated as follows:

 Two tardies (arriving more than five minutes late or leaving early) = 1 absence
 Perfect attendance = 0 absence = 100% of pts.
 Above average attendance – 1 absence = 90% of pts
 Poor attendance = 3 absences = 0% of pts
 Clinical compliance checks will be made periodically by the faculty

Removal from clinical site

The Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences
Sciences agreements with its affiliates that provide opportunities for internship,
clinical, practicum, or similar experiences stipulate that the college remove
immediately any student who violates host site policies or procedures or who fails to
observe all rules, regulations, dress codes, and other requirements or expectations of the
affiliate at its request. Students are hereby informed that such removal may result in
their inability to complete required portions of the curriculum (and thus to graduate)
and in consequences up to and including dismissal from the program and /or college
according to the policies and procedures outlined in this publication. Faculty are not
required to find alternate locations to complete assignments.

.
 August 2020
DR. BASHIR UR REHMAN

SCHEME OF STUDIES
BS OPTOMETERY AND VISION SCIENCES

1st Semester
Code Course Title Credit Hour
BMT-3101 Anatomy– I 3 (2 + 1)
BMT-3102 Physiology – I 3 (2 + 1)
BMT-3103 Biochemistry – I 3 (2 + 1)
BMT-3104 Microbiology – I 3 (2 + 1)
BMT-3105 Pakistan Studies 3 (3 + 0)
BMT-3106 Introduction to Computer & IT 3 (3 + 0)
Total Credit Hours 18

2nd Semester
Code Course Title Credit Hour
BMT-3201 Pathology 3 (3 + 0)
BMT-3202 Anatomy– II 3 (2 + 1)
BMT-3203 Physiology – II 3 (2 + 1)
BMT-3204 Biochemistry – II 3 (2 + 1)
BMT-3205 Microbiology – II 3 (2 + 1)
BMT-3206 Islamic Studies 3 (3 + 0)
Total Credit Hours 18

9|Page
 BS OPTOMETERY AND VISION SCIENCES

3rd Semester
Code Course Title Credit Hour

BMT-4301 Pharmacology-I 2 (2 + 0)

BMT-4391 Ocular Anatomy 2 (2 + 0)

BMT-4392 Ocular Physiology 2 (2 + 0)

BMT-4393 Ocular Pathology 2 (2 + 0)

BMT-4394 Public and preventive health 2 (2 + 0)

BMT-4395 Basic clinical functions and skills 2 (2 + 0)
BMT-4305 Arabic 3 (3 + 0)
Total Credit Hours 15

4th Semester
Code Course Title Credit Hour
BMT-4401 Pharmacology – II 2 (2 + 0)
BMT-4491 Basic Optics and Refraction 2 (2 + 0)
BMT-4492 Geometrical Optics 2 (2 + 0)
BMT-4404 Applied Physics and Engineering Sciences 2 (2 + 0)
BMT-4405 Epidemiology and Biostatistics 2 (2 + 0)
BMT-4406 English Communication Skill 2 (2 + 0)
BMT-4493 Basic Dispensing Optics 2 (2 + 0)
BMT-4494 Physical Optics 2 (2 + 0)
Total Credit Hours 16
 August 2020
DR. BASHIR UR REHMAN

5th Semester
Code Course Title Credit Hour

BMT-5591 Primary Health Care & Primary Eye Care 3 (3 + 0)

BMT-5592 Overview of Blindness and National Program for 2 (2 + 0)
Prevention & Control of Blindness in Pakistan

BMT-5593 Advanced Refraction & Retinoscopy 2 (2 + 0)

BMT-5594 Practical Retinoscopy 2 (2 + 0)

BMT-5595 Ophthalmic Instruments & their Maintenance 3 (3 + 0)

BMT-5596 Advance Visual Optics & Advance Visual Functions 3 (3 + 0)

Total Credit Hours 15

6th SEMESTER
Code Course Title Credit Hours

BMT-5691 Orthoptics Techniques & contact Lenses 3 (2 + 1)

BMT-5692 Application of Advanced Visual Functions 2 (2 + 0)

BMT-5693 Clinical Optometry & Dispensing Optics 2 (2 + 0)

BMT-5694 Avoidable & Unavoidable Causes of Blindness 2 (2 + 0)

BMT-5695 Ocular Motility & Binocular Single Vision 3 (3 + 0)

BMT-5696 OPD Training in Optometry 2 (2 + 0)

Total Credit Hours 15

11 | P a g e
 BS OPTOMETERY AND VISION SCIENCES

7th SEMESTER
Code Course Title Credit Hours

BMT-6791 Advanced Diseases of Eye & Their Management 3 (3 + 0)

BMT-6792 Clinical Orthoptics-I 2 (2 + 0)

BMT-6793 Applied Statistics, Research Methodology & Project 3 (3 + 0)

BMT-6794 Introduction to Bio Medical Ethics 3 (3 + 0)

BMT-6795 Visual Sciences 1,2,3,4 2 (2 + 0)

BMT-6796 Low Vision 2 (2 + 0)

Total Credit Hours 15

8th SEMESTER
Code Course Title Credit Hours

BMT-6891 Review of Basics of Vision and Optics 3 (3 + 0)

BMT-6892 Binocular Vision & its Clinical Application 3 (3 + )

BMT-6893 Clinical Orthoptics-II 2 (2 + 0)

BMT-6894 Dispensing Optics 2 (2 + 0)

BMT-6895 OPD Training in Orthoptics 3 (2 + 1)

BMT-6896 Bachelor Thesis 3 (3 + 0)

Total Credit Hours 15

 August 2020
DR. BASHIR UR REHMAN

1ST SEMESTER

13 | P a g e
 BS OPTOMETERY AND VISION SCIENCES

BMT-3101– ANATOMY– I
ANATOMY- I CREDIT HOURS 3(2+1)
COURSE DESCRIPTION
The focus of this course is an in-depth study and analysis of the general and regional
organization of the human body. Emphasis is placed upon structure and function of
human movement. A comprehensive study of human anatomy histology, embryology,
with emphasis on the nervous, musculoskeletal, and circulatory systems is
incorporated. Introduction to general anatomy lays the foundation of the course.
Dissection and identification of structures in the cadaver supplemented with the study
of charts, models, projected materials and radiographs are utilized to identify
anatomical landmarks and configurations of the upper limb. Identify anatomical
structures within the thorax with emphasis on structures of thoracic wall and thoracic
cavity. Dissection and identification of structures in manikins/smart board systems
supplemented with the study of charts, models, projected materials and radiographs are
utilized to identify anatomical landmarks and configurations of the upper and lower
limb.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
 Define basic technical terminology and language associated with anatomy
 Describe the structure, composition and functions of the organs in the human
body
 Comprehend the concepts (& associated principles) for each general type of
anatomical structures
 Demonstrate skills in the surface markings of clinically important structures, on
normal living bodies and the correlation of structure with function
 Describe concepts of embryology and histology
 Identify histological slides of the human body
 Describe the interdependency and interactions of the structural and functional
components of upper limb
 Identify anatomical structures of the thoracic wall and thoracic cavityDescribe
gross anatomy of neuro-musculoskeletal and circulatory system of lower limb,
abdominal wall and pelvis.
 Demonstrate anatomical landmarks and configuration of the lower limb,
abdominal wall and pelvis through dissection/identification of structures in the
maniacs / smart board systems supplemented with the study of charts, models,
projected materials, and radiographs.
 Describe major stages of embryological development of the lower limb with
development of the neurological and vascular supplies to the lower limb.

COURSE CONTENTS
GENERAL ANATOMY AND FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY

 Terms related to position and movements

 The skin and subcutaneous tissues
 Layers of skin
 August 2020
DR. BASHIR UR REHMAN

 Integuments of skin
 Glands associated with hair follicle
 Microscopic picture of skin

BONES AND CARTILAGES

 Osteology
 Functions of Bones
 Classification of bones
 Parts of developing long bones
 Blood supply of bones
 Lymphatic vessels & nerve supply
 Rule of direction of nutrient foramen
 Gross structure of long bone
 Surface marking
 Cartilage
 Development of bone and cartilage
 Microscopic picture of cartilage and bone

THE MUSCLE

 Introduction
 Classification
 Histological Classification
 Functions of muscles in general
 Type of skeletal muscles
 Parts of skeletal muscle and their action
 Nomenclature.
 Microscopic picture of muscle

STRUCTURES RELATED TO MUSCLES & BONES

 Tendons
 Aponeurosis Fasciae
 Synovial bursae
 Tendon Synovial sheaths
 Raphes
 Ligaments
 Condyle
 Epicondyle
 Ridge
 Tuberosity
 Tubercle
 Foramen
 Canal
 Groove
 Process
15 | P a g e
 BS OPTOMETERY AND VISION SCIENCES

 Spur

THE JOINTS

 Introduction
 Functional classification
 Structural classification
 Structures comprising a Synovial joint
 Movements of joints
 Blood supply of Synovial joints, their nerve supply and lymphatic drainage
 Factors responsible for joint stability
 Development of joints

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

 Definition
 Division of circulatory system into pulmonary & systemic
 Classification of blood vessels and their microscopic picture
 Heart and its histology
 Function of the Heart
 Anastomosis
 End arteries

NERVOUS SYSTEM

 Definition
 Outline of cellular architecture
 Classification of nervous system
 Parts of the central nervous system
 Microscopic picture of cerebrum, cerebellum, spinal cord
 Functional components of nerve
 Typical spinal nerve
 Microscopic picture of nerve
 Introduction of autonomic nervous system
 Anatomy of neuromuscular junction

GENERAL HISTOLOGY

 Cell
 Epithelium
 Connective tissue
 Bone
 August 2020
DR. BASHIR UR REHMAN

 Muscle tissue
 Nerve tissues
 Blood vessels
 Skin and appendages
 Lymphatic organs

GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY

 Male and female reproductive organs

 Cell division and Gametogenesis
 Fertilization, cleavage, blastocyte formation and implantation of the embryo.
Stages of early embryonic development in second and third week of intrauterine
life
 Foetal membrane (amniotic cavity, yolk sac, allantois, umbilical cord and
Placenta) Developmental defects.

THORAX
STRUCTURES OF THE THORACIC WALL

 Dorsal spine (vertebrae)

 Sternum
 Costal Cartilages & Ribs
 Intercostal Muscles
 Intercostal Nerves
 Diaphragm
 Blood supply of thoracic wall
 Lymphatic drainage of thoracic wall
 Joints of thorax

THORACIC CAVITY

 Bones and joints of thorax

 Walls of thorax
 Thoracic openings
 Diaphragm
 Mediastinum (description of superior, inferior ,anterior ,middle posterior
divisions along with contents)
 Pleura
 Trachea
 Lungs (external features, fissures, lobes, segments, structures passing, arterial
supply,Venous drainage, lymphatic drainage).
 Mechanism of breathing
 Pericardium
 Heart – Its blood supply, venous drainage & nerve supply
 Large veins of thorax, superior and inferior vena cava., pulmonary veins
brachiocephalic veins
 Large Arteries – Aorta & its branches

17 | P a g e
 BS OPTOMETERY AND VISION SCIENCES

APPLIED ANATOMY
 Thoracic outlet syndrome
 Needle thoracotomy
 Pericarditis and cardiac tamponade
 Heart sounds
 Coronary artery syndrome and referred pain
 Heart blocks and arrhythmias
 Valvular heart diseases
 Atrial/ventricular septal defects ,PDA, tetralogy of fallot
 Pneumothorax ,heamothorax, heamopneumothorax, empyema
 Pleurisy
 Overview of chest radiographs
UPPER LIMB
UPPER LIMB OSTEOLOGY

 Detailed description of all bones of upper limb and shoulder girdle. (Clavicle,
humerus, scapula, radius, ulna, carpal bones ,metacarpal bones, phalanges.)

MYOLOGY

 Muscles connecting upper limb to the axial skeletal

 Muscles around shoulder joint
 Muscles in brachial region
 Muscles of forearm
 Muscles of hand
 Retinacula
 Palmar aponeurosis
 Flexor tendon dorsal digital expansion

NEUROLOGY

 Course, distribution and functions of all nerves of upper limb(spinal accessory

nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, median nerve, ulnar nerve ,axillary and radial
nerve)
 Brachial plexus

ANGIOLOGY (CIRCULATION)

 Course and distribution of all arteries and veins of upper limb

 Lymphatic drainage of the upper limb
 Axillary lymph node

UPPERLIMB REGIONS
 Axilla
 Cubital fossa
ARTHROLOGY

 Acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints

 Shoulder joint
 August 2020
DR. BASHIR UR REHMAN

 Elbow joint
 Wrist joint
 Radioulnar joints
 Inter carpal joints
 Joints MCP and IP
 Surface anatomy of upper limb
 Surface marking of upper limb

APPLIED ANATOMY

 Carpal tunnel syndrome

 Anatomic snuff box
 Dupuytren contracture
 Rotator cuff syndrome
 Tennis elbow
 Brachial plexus nerve block
 ulnar ,radial and median nerve injury
 erb’s palsy and claw hand
 winged scapula
 dislocated shoulder joint
DEMONSTRATION

 Shoulder joint, attached muscles and articulating surfaces

 Elbow joint
 Wrist joint
 Radioulnar joint Sternoclavicular joint
 Brachial plexus
 Blood supply of brain
 Structure of bones

LOWER LIMB
LOWER LIMB OSTEOLOGY

 Detailed description of all bones of lower limb and pelvis along with their
markings (Femur, tibia, fibula, patella and foot bones)

MYOLOGY

 Muscles of gluteal region

 Muscles around hip joint
 Muscles of thigh
19 | P a g e
 BS OPTOMETERY AND VISION SCIENCES

 Muscles of lower leg and foot

NEUROLOGY

 Course, distribution, supply of all nerves of lower limb and gluteal

region
 Lumbosacral plexus

ANGIOLOGY
 Course and distribution of all arteries, veins and lymphatic drainage of lower
limb

ARTHROLOGY

 Pelvis
 Hip joint
 Knee joint
 Ankle joint
 Joints of the foot
 Surface Anatomy of lower limb
 Surface Marking of lower limb

APPLIED ANATOMY

 Femur ,tibia, fibula fractures

 varicose veins
 femoral hernias
 anterior compartment syndrome
 ligamentous injury of knee joints
 DVT
 Hip joint stability and trendelberg sign
 Ankle joint dislocation
 Pes cavus and pes planus
 Femoral nerve injury ,common fibular nerve injury, tibial nerve injury
 August 2020
DR. BASHIR UR REHMAN

BMT-3102 – PHYSIOLOGY – I

PHYSIOLOGY- I CREDIT HOUR 3(2+1)

COURSE DESCRIPTION
The course is designed to study the function of the human body at the cellular, tissue
and systems levels. The course will help students in understanding the complexities of
the cells, tissues, and major organs and systems of the human body, concentrating on
basic mechanisms underlying human life processes and important diseases affecting
normal human function

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
 Define the terminology related to the structure and function of the human body
systems
 Compare and contrast the structural and functional characteristics of the various
human body cells
 Describe basic chemical concepts and principles as they apply to the structure
and functioning of the blood and neuromuscular system
 Analyze the interrelationships of body organ systems, homeostasis, and the
complementarity of structure and functioning of the blood and neuromuscular
system
 Demonstrate advance techniques to investigate the body and interpret data to be
used for diagnosis and treatment
 Define the principles behind medical instrumentation and their usage

COURSE CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGY
 Definition
 Branches of physiology
 Functional organization of human body

CELL PHYSIOLOGY

 Cell membrane and its functions

 Cell organelles and their functions
 Membrane transport systems (active and passive transport)
 Homeostasis
 Control systems in the body
 Genes: control and function

21 | P a g e
 BS OPTOMETERY AND VISION SCIENCES

NERVE AND MUSCLE

 Structure and function of neuron

 Physiological properties of nerve fibers
 Action potential
 Conduction of nerve impulse
 Nerve degeneration and regeneration
 Synapses
 Physiological structure of muscle
 Skeletal muscle contraction
 Skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle contraction
 Neuromuscular junction and transmission
 Excitation contraction coupling
 Structure and function of motor unit

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

 Heart and circulation

 Function of cardiac muscle
 Cardiac pacemaker and cardiac muscle contraction
 Cardiac cycle
 ECG: recording and interpretation
 Common arrhythmias
 Types of blood vessels and their function
 Hemodynamics of blood flow (local control systemic circulation its regulation
and control). Peripheral resistance its regulation and effect on circulation
 Arterial pulse
 Blood pressure and its regulation
 Cardiac output and its control
 Heart sounds and murmurs Importance in circulation and control of venous
return.
 Coronary circulation
 Splanchnic, pulmonary and cerebral circulation
 Triple response and cutaneous circulation
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

 Function of respiratory tract

 Respiratory and non-respiratory function of the lungs
 Mechanics of breathing
 Production & function of surfactant and compliance of lungs
 Protective reflexes
 August 2020
DR. BASHIR UR REHMAN

 Lung volumes and capacities including dead space

 Diffusion of gases across the alveolar membrane
 Relationship between ventilation and perfusion
 Mechanism of transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood
 Nervous and chemical regulation of respiration
 Abnormal breathing
 Hypoxia, its causes and effects
 Cyanosis, its causes and effects
SPECIALIZED CONNECTIVE TISSUES

a) BLOOD AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

 Composition and general functions of blood
 Plasma proteins their production and function
 Erythropoiesis and red blood cell function
 Structure, function, production and different types of hemoglobin
 Iron absorption storage and metabolism
 Blood indices, Function, production and type of white blood cells
 Function and production of platelets
 Clotting mechanism of blood
 Blood groups and their role in blood transfusion
 Complications of blood transfusion with reference to ABO & RH
incompatibility
 Components of reticuloendothelial systems, gross and microscopic structure
including tonsil, lymph node and spleen
 Development and function of reticuloendothelial system
b) BONE, CARTILAGE AND JOINTS
 Osteology
 Functions of Bones
 Cartilage
 Development of bone and cartilage

ENDOCRINOLOGY
 Classification of endocrine glands
 Mechanism of action
 Feedback and control of hormonal secretion
 Functions of the hypothalamus
 Hormones secreted by the anterior and posterior pituitary and their mechanism
of action and function.
 Function of the thyroid gland
 Function of the parathyroid gland
 Calcium metabolism and its regulation
 Secretion and function of calcitonin
23 | P a g e
 BS OPTOMETERY AND VISION SCIENCES

 Hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex and medulla, and their function and
mechanism of action
 Endocrine functions of the pancreas and control of blood sugar
 The endocrine functions of the kidney and Physiology of growth.
LAB WORK
 Use of the microscope
 Determination of hemoglobin
 Determination of erythrocyte sedimentation rate
 Determining packed cell volume
 Measuring bleeding and clotting time
 RBC count
 Red cell indices
 WBC count
 Leukocyte count
 Prothrombin and thrombin time.
 Blood indices in various disorders
 Clotting disorders
 Blood grouping and cross matching
 Stethography
 Breath sounds
 Respiratory rate
 Lung function tests
 August 2020
DR. BASHIR UR REHMAN

BMT-3103 – BIOCHEMISTRY – I

BIOCHEMISTRY-I CREDIT HOURS: 3(2+1)

COURSE DESCRIPTION
This course provides the knowledge and skills in fundamental organic chemistry and
introductory biochemistry that are essential for further studies. It covers introduction to
the biomolecules i.e. amino acid, proteins carbohydrates, fats, enzymes and nucleic
acids. The nutritional biochemistry concludes the course

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
 Describe cell and body fluids in the context of chemistry and human
biochemistry
 Discuss the properties, classification and functions of biomolecules with
emphasis on amino acid, peptides, proteins, enzymes, carbohydrates, lipids and
nucleic acid
 Explain importance of nutritional biochemistry with emphasis on minerals, trace
elements, vitamins and balance diet

COURSE CONTENTS
CELL

 Introduction to Biochemistry
 Cell: (Biochemical Aspects)
 Cell Membrane Structure
 Membrane Proteins
 Receptors & Signal Molecules

BODY FLUIDS

 Structure and properties of Water

 Weak Acids & Bases
 Concept of pH & pK
 Buffers, their mechanism of action
 Body buffers

BIOMOLECULES
AMINO ACIDS, PEPTIDES & PROTEINS
 Amino acids: Classification
 Acid-Base Properties
 Functions & Significance
 Protein Structure, Primary, Secondary & Super secondary. &, Structural Motifs
 Tertiary & Quaternary Structures of Proteins
 Protein Domains

25 | P a g e
 BS OPTOMETERY AND VISION SCIENCES

 Classification of Proteins
 Fibrous proteins (collagens and elastins ) & Globular proteins

ENZYMES

 Introduction
 Classification & Properties of Enzymes
 Coenzymes
 Isozymes & Proenzymes
 Regulation & Inhibition of Enzyme activity & enzymes inhibitors
 Clinical Diagnostic Enzymology

CARBOHYDRATES

 Definition
 Classification
 Biochemical Functions & Significance of Carbohydrates
 Structure & Properties of Monosaccharides& Oligosaccharides
 Structure & Properties of Polysaccharides
 Bacterial cell Wall
 Heteropolysaccharides
 GAGS

LIPIDS

 Classification of Lipids
 Fatty Acids: Chemistry
 Classification occurrence & Functions
 Structure & Properties of Triacylglycerols and Complex Lipids
 Classification & Functions of Eicosanoids
 Cholesterol: Chemistry, Functions & Clinical Significance
 Bile acids/salts.

NUCLEIC ACIDS

 Structure, Functions & Biochemical Role of Nucleotides

 Structure & Functions of DNA
 Structure & Functions of RNA.
 August 2020
DR. BASHIR UR REHMAN

NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY MINERALS & TRACE ELEMENTS

 Sources
 RDA
 Biochemical Functions & Clinical Significance of Calcium & Phosphorus
 Sources
 RDA
 Biochemical Functions & Clinical Significance of Sodium Potassium&
Chloride
 Metabolism of Iron, Cu, Zn, Mg, Mn, Se, I, F.

VITAMINS

 Sources
 RDA
 Biochemical Functions & Clinical Significance of Fat Soluble Vitamins
 Sources
 RDA
 Biochemical Functions & Clinical Significance of Water Soluble
 Vitamins.

NUTRITION

 Dietary Importance of Carbohydrates, Lipids & Proteins

 Balanced Diet.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Harper’s Biochemistry by Robbert K. Murray, Daryl K. Granner, Peter A.

Mayes,Victor W. Rodwell, Latest Ed.
2. Lippincott’s Illustrated Review of Biochemistry by Pamela C. Champe and
Richard A. Harvey, Latest Ed.
3. Practical Clinical Biochemistry by Varley.
4. Textbook of Biochemistry by Devlin, 5th Ed.
5. Textbook of Medical Biochemistry Vol-I and II by M.A. Hashmi.
Biochemistry by Stryer, Lubert, Latest Ed.

27 | P a g e
 BS OPTOMETERY AND VISION SCIENCES

BMT-3104 – MICROBIOLOGY – I

Aims and Objectives:

• To introduce the students with basic concepts in Medical microbiology and acquire
skill in practical work.
• To produce a team of Medical Technologists steeped in knowledge of Medical
microbiology.
• To equip Medical Technologists with latest advance techniques in the field of
diagnostic Medical Microbiology.

 Introduction to Microbiology with particular reference to Clinical

Microbiology.

 History and development of microbiology

 Bacterial Cell
 Bacterial Growth: Nutritional Requirement
 Types of Culture media

 Classification of Medically Important Bacteria

 Normal Flora
 Gram Positive Cocci
 Gram Negative Cocci
 Gram Positive Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacilli
 Actinomycetes
 Gram Negative Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacilli
 Enterobacteriacae
 Aeromonas Plesiomonas
 Vibrio and Campylobacter
 Pseudomonas and Oxidase Positives
 Haemophilus
 Bordetella and Brucella
 Spirochetes
 Atypicals: Legionella and Mycoplasma

 Specimen collection and handling

 The role of Laboratory in diagnosis of Infections
 Source and spread of infection
 Sterilization and disinfection
 Diagnostic methods in microbiology
 Introduction to Bacterial Virulence and Pathogenicity
 August 2020
DR. BASHIR UR REHMAN

BMT-3105 – PAKISTAN STUDIES

 Historical Perspective.
 Ideological rationale with special reference to Sir Syed Ahmed Khan,
Allama Muhammad Iqbal and Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
 Factors leading to Muslim.
 People and land: Indus Civilization, Muslim advent, Location and Geo-
Physical features.
 Government and Politics in Pakistan Political and constitutional
phases:
1947-58, 1958-71, 1971-77, 1977-88, 1988-99, 1999 onward.
 Contemporary Pakistan:
Economic institutions and issues, Society and Social structure, Ethnicity,
Foreign policy of Pakistan and Challenges, Futuristic outlook of Pakistan.

29 | P a g e
 BS OPTOMETERY AND VISION SCIENCES

BMT-3106 – INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER & IT

 Computer Basics: Electronic data processing (E. D. P), Disc operating

system (DOS), Windows operating systems, Software and hard ware.

 Microsoft Office: M.S Word, M.S. Excel, M.S. Power Point, SPSS.

 Networking & Internet: Introduction to HTML, Web Browser, Web

Development, Introduction to Data Communication, Local area networking
(LAN), Network Configuration.

 Written Communication – The patient record; Principles of Data entry and

Management, Computers in Documentation, Entry on the Patient record.

 Reporting Skills: Nurse to Nurse, report to primary care provider,

Interdisciplinary Team.

 Ethical Concerns in Documentation & Reporting: Confidentiality, Access to

Records.