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The Effectiveness of Giving Ginger and Mint Leaves on Taste

Nausea Vomiting in First Trimester Pregnant Women at PMB Bogor Regency
Year 2021
The Effectiveness of Giving Steeped Ginger and Mint Leaves to
Reducing Nausea and Vomiting in First Trimester Pregnant Woman at
PMB Bogor Regency 2021
Putri Oktaviani1, Triana Indrayani2, Sri Dinengsih3
Faculty of Health Sciences, National University, Jakarta, Indonesia
email: putri.oktaviani9921@gmail.com, trianaindrayani@civitas.unas.ac.id

INFOARTIKE L
Article history:
Receive :25 August 2021
Revision :August 2021 Received :
October 2021
Online : October 2022
Keywords: Nausea Vomiting Pregnancy,
Ginger Stew, Mint Leaf Stew
Keywords: Nausea Vomiting During
Pregnancy, Steeping Ginger, Steeping
Mint Leaves.
ABSTRACT
Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy affect the quality of life. Nausea and
vomiting lead to dehydration, malnutrition, electrolyte imbalance and
weight loss and can lead to hyperemesis gravidarum. This study aims to
determine the effectiveness of ginger and mint infusion on nausea and
vomiting in first trimester pregnant women at
PMB Bogor Regency. This research is a quasi-experimental study with a
pre- and post-test design without a control group.
The sample is 30 first trimester pregnant women with purposive sampling
technique. The instrument consisted of (PUQE)-24 Scoring system, infusion
of ginger and mint, observation sheet and informed consent.
Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-test to determine
differences in scores within one group and independent t-test to determine
differences in scores between groups. The results showed that there was a
difference in scores before and after being given ginger and mint infusion (p
<0.05) with an average decrease indicating that ginger infusion was more
effective than mint. Ginger and mint decoction reduces nausea and vomiting in
first trimester pregnant women.
ABSTRACT
Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy affects the quality of life. It can
cause dehydration, weakness, nutritional disturbances,
electrolyte imbalance and weight loss and it will cause hyperemesis gravidarum.
Ginger and mint leaves can reduce the intensity of nausea and vomiting in first
trimester of pregnant women. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of
ginger and mint leaves on nausea and vomiting in first trimester pregnant women
in PMB Kabupaten Bogor. Quasi experimental with pretest-posttest design
without control group. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling
and amounted to 30 first trimester pregnant women. The research instrument
consisted of
(PUQE)-24 Scoring system, observation sheet and informed consent. The data
were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired t-test to determine the
difference in scores in one group and independent t-test to determine the
difference in scores between groups. The results showed there was a difference
in scores before and after being given steeping ginger and mint leaves (p<0,05)
with an average value of decline which showed that ginger was more effective
than mint.
Steeping ginger and steeping mint leaves can reduce nausea and vomiting in first
trimester of pregnant women.

104 | Journal of Midwifery Vol. 11 No.2 October 2022

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P-ISSN : 2302-3082
E-ISSN : 2657-1978
MIDWIFE JOURNAL

1. INTRODUCTION
in pregnant women because it is found for menthol as a facilitating
Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy
digestive system and relieve stomach cramps or cramps. Mint leaves
Affects 80% of pregnant women and causes effects that affect
have a mild anesthetic effect and contain antispasmodic and
quality of life. Nausea and vomiting occur in some pregnant women
carminative effects which act on the small intestine in the
during pregnancy. (Rofi'ah et al., 2017).
gastrointestinal tract so that they can overcome complaints of nausea
and vomiting (Azizah et al., 2019).

Pregnancy affects the body of pregnant women by causing

physiological changes that occur in all organ systems, most of the
Based on a preliminary study conducted at PMB Bogor
changes in the body of pregnant women are caused by hormonal
Regency, out of 30 pregnant women who experienced nausea and
work. occurs due to an imbalance between the hormones
vomiting, 8 pregnant women experienced mild nausea and
progestrogen and estrogen in the
vomiting, 17 experienced moderate nausea and
this change body of pregnant women (Afriyanti, vomiting and 5 experienced severe nausea and vomiting based
2017). on the PUQE measurement scale.

Based on the results of this preliminary study, the researchers

Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy are generally mild in
nature and are conditions that can be controlled according to the
condition of the mother but the effects can cause dehydration,
nutritional disorders, electrolyte imbalances, and weight loss and
can become hyperemesis gravidarum.
Overcoming nausea and vomiting during pregnancy can be done
by pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods.
Pharmacological action is by giving Vitamin B6. And non-
pharmacological, namely consuming ginger, mint, relaxation
techniques, and aromatherapy (Ardani, 2014).
Ginger contains zingiberol, zingiberene essential oil,
curcumin, bisabillene, flandrena, gingerol, vitamin A and bitter
resin can block serotonin which is a
neurotransmitter synthesized neuron
conducted a study entitled "Effectiveness of Giving Ginger
and Mint Leaf Stew Against Nausea, Vomiting in First
Trimester Pregnant Women at PMB, Bogor Regency".
2. RESEARCH METHOD
The research design used in this study was quasi-
experimental with a pre and post test design without a control
group.
The sample in this study were 30 first trimester pregnant
women with nausea and vomiting.
The sampling technique in this study was purposive sampling.
This research took place on 19-25 July 2021 at PMB Bogor
Regency. In this study the questionnaire used was the Pregnancy
Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea (PUQE) scoring
system. using descriptive statistics, paired t test to determine
differences in scores within one group and
independent t test to determine differenceDsaintasacnoarelyssbisetween
groups.

serotonergic which is found in the central nervous system and

enterochromaffin cells in the digestive tract so that it can provide a
feeling of comfort in the stomach which can overcome nausea and This research has gone through an ethical test and has an ethically proper
vomiting (Yanuaringsih et al., 2020). letter.

Mint leaves can be used as a medicine to treat nausea and

vomiting especially

105 | Journal of Midwifery Vol. 11 No. October 2, 2022

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Table 1.1 Table 1.3

Frequency Distribution of Respondent Characteristics Intensity of Degrees of Nausea Vomiting Before and
by Age, Parity and Education After Giving Ginger and Mint Stew

Ginger brew steeping

As N Mean SD P

N%N% Pre
test
Age Ginger 15 9,00 2,952 0,588
<20 2 13,3% 1 6,7%
20-35 Post As 15 9,60 1,558
12 80% 13 86,6% 6,7% test
>35 Ginger 15 5,00 3,042 0,034
1 6,7% 1

Parity
As 15 6,73 2,576
Primigravida
10 66,7% 11 73,3% 4
Based on the table above, after the Independent T-
Multigravida 5 33,3% 26,7%
test was carried out, the results obtained were the average
Education
intensity of nausea and vomiting before
Secondary 12 80% 13 86,7% 20% given ginger infusion is 9.00 and in the group given mint
Height 3 13,3% 15 1002 % 15
100% infusion is 9.60 with p-value = 0.588. Thus the p-value is greater than
Total
0.05 so that Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected.
So it was concluded that there was no effect before giving
Based on the table above, it can be seen that the age of
ginger and mint steeping in reducing nausea and vomiting in
most of the samples, namely aged 20-35 years, 80% in the group
pregnant women in the first trimester. After giving ginger steeping
given ginger infusion and 86.6% in the group given mint infusion.
the average result was 5.00 and for mint steeping it was 6.73 with p-
In terms of parity, 66.7% of primigravidas were given ginger
value = 0.034 <0 ,05. So that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. It
infusion and 73.3% were given mint infusion.
can be concluded that there is an effect after giving ginger and mint
And the education of most of the samples, namely the middle class,
infusion in reducing nausea and vomiting in first trimester pregnant
was 80% who were given ginger infusion and 86.7% who were
women.
given mint infusion.

Table 1.2
3. DISCUSSION
Effects of Ginger and Mint on Nausea and Vomiting
1. The Effect of Mint on Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy

Mean N SD SE P

Like Pre
9,60 15 3,042 ,785 0,000 6,73 15 2,576
Post ,665
Jahe Pre 9,00 15 2,952 ,762 0,000
Post 5,00 15 1,558 ,402
Based on the results of the table above, from the results of
the analysis test using the Paired T-Test, the results obtained were
p-value = 0.000 <0.05 with a difference in the average value of 3.13
while for ginger the difference in the
average value was 4.00. So it can be concluded that steeping ginger
and mint leaves has an effect on reducing the intensity of nausea
and vomiting.
In this study it was found that of the 15 respondents before
being given the mint infusion, there were 4 respondents
(26.7%) experiencing mild nausea and vomiting, 8 respondents
(53.3%) with moderate nausea and vomiting and 3 respondents (30%)
with severe nausea and vomiting. . After being given treatment in the
form of mint infusion, there was a change to
8 respondents (53.3%) with mild nausea and vomiting, 5
respondents (33.3) moderate nausea and vomiting, 1 respondent
(6.7%) who experienced severe nausea and vomiting and as many
as 1 respondents (6.7%) said they did not experience nausea and
vomiting.
Theoretically, mint leaves have a mild anesthetic
effect and contain carminative and antispasmodic effects that act on
the small intestine in the gastrointestinal tract.

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JOURNAL OF MIDWIFERY
is able to overcome or even eliminate nausea and
vomiting (Tiran, 2008 in Afriyanti, 2017).
The results of the study stated that infusion of mint
had an effect on reducing the intensity of nausea and
vomiting in first trimester pregnant women. This was in
line with research by Wulandari (2020) which stated that
there was an effect of giving mint boiled water on the
frequency of nausea and vomiting. Then in line with
research by Parwitasari et al. (2014) which showed that
steeping mint leaves can affect pregnant women with
nausea and vomiting. And in line with research conducted
by Istiqomah et al. (2017) who proved that steeping
peppermint leaves reduced the frequency of emesis
gravidarum.
Analysis on the administration of mint leaf infusion
showed that there was a change in the intensity of nausea and
vomiting in first trimester pregnant women after being given
mint infusion treatment. even eliminates nausea and vomiting
which is in accordance with research conducted by Wulandari
(2020), Parwitasari et al. (2014) and Istiqomah et al. (2017)
which states that mint leaves can have an effect on reducing
nausea and vomiting. Based on the results of field research,
all respondents who were given treatment did not know about
the benefits of mint leaves which could reduce nausea and
vomiting, especially during pregnancy on the grounds that
mint leaves were hard
to find and had never been used in the environment
where the respondents lived.
2. Effect of Ginger on Nausea Vomiting in
Pregnancy
In the study it was found that out of 30 total
respondents, 15 respondents were given ginger infusion.
Prior to treatment, there were 4 respondents (26.7%)
pregnant women with mild nausea and vomiting, 9
respondents (60%) with moderate nausea and vomiting and
2 respondents (13.3%) with severe nausea and vomiting.
After being given treatment there was a change to 10
respondents (66.7%) with mild nausea and vomiting, 2
respondents (13.7) moderate nausea and vomiting, none
experienced
107 | Journal of Midwifery Vol. 11 No. October 2, 2022
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E-ISSN : 2657-1978
severe nausea and vomiting and 3 respondents (20%) said
they did not experience nausea and vomiting.
In theory, ginger is an effective herb in reducing
nausea and vomiting in first trimester pregnant women
because it contains components that are useful for the body,
one of which is gingerol which blocks serotonin. This
compound causes the stomach to contract so that if it is
blocked, the muscles of the digestive tract will relax and
weaken so that the feeling of nausea decreases (Ningsih et
al., 2020).
The results of the analysis test stated that steeping
ginger had an effect on reducing the intensity of nausea and
vomiting in first trimester pregnant women. This is in
accordance with the study of Ningsih et al. (2020) where
ginger infusion is effective in reducing the frequency of
emesis in first trimester pregnant women. Then research
conducted by Yanuariningsih etl al. (2020) stated that there
was an effect of steeping ginger on nausea and vomiting in
first trimester pregnant women. Furthermore, in the research
conducted by Sumarni et al. (2019) which showed that
ginger was effective in reducing nausea and vomiting.
The author's analysis showed that steeping ginger
can reduce the intensity of nausea and vomiting in first
trimester pregnant women. This is in accordance with the
theory which states that ginger contains compounds that can
block nausea and vomiting which has been proven by the
research of Ningsih et al. (2020), Yanuariningsih etl al.
(2020) and Sumarni et al.
(2019) that ginger is effective in reducing nausea and
vomiting. In research that has been done, most of the
respondents who were given ginger infusion did not know
that ginger could be used as an alternative to treat nausea and
vomiting, especially during pregnancy. According to
research respondents, steeping ginger helps in overcoming
nausea and vomiting.
3. Intensity of Nausea Vomiting After and Before
Giving Treatment in the Form of Mint and
Ginger Stew After the independent T-test was carried
out, it
was obtained from the two treatments that the p
value was less than 0.05 so that Ho was rejected and Ha
was accepted. Therefore it can be concluded
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that there is an effect after giving ginger and mint
infusion in reducing nausea and vomiting in first
trimester pregnant women.
In theory, mint leaves can be a safe and effective
drug to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnant women
(Elshabrina, 2013 in Parwitasari 2014). Then ginger can
be used as medicine because the compounds that cause the
stomach to contract are blocked so that the muscles of the
digestive tract will weaken and the feeling of nausea will
decrease (Ningsih et al., 2020).
The analysis test in this study is in line with
research conducted by Affriyanti (2017) that steeping
ginger is more effective than brewing mint. Then in the
research by Ramadhanti et al. (2021) which stated that
steeping ginger was more effective than mint leaves.
The author's analysis showed that the average
value of the decrease showed that steeping ginger was
more effective than mint leaves, which in theory both
could be used to reduce nausea and vomiting according to
the research of Affriyanti (2017) and Ramadhanti et al.
(2021) which stated that both were effective in reducing
nausea and vomiting in pregnant women, however,
infusion of ginger was more effective than infusion of
mint leaves. Then in research based on the field,
respondents are easier to accept and understand the
explanation of steeping ginger compared to mint leaves
because ginger is used daily by respondents and is easy to
obtain whereas in mint leaves, respondents need a lot of
explanation because mint leaves are still foreign to
consumption and most of the respondents just found out
the shape of the mint leaves.
4. CONCLUSION
Based on research on the effect of consuming
steeped ginger and mint leaves for nausea and vomiting
in pregnant women in the first trimester, it can be
concluded that the distribution of the mean value of
changes in the intensity of nausea and vomiting before
and after in the group given mint infusion, namely before
the intervention was 9.60 and after the intervention was
6.73, the average distribution of changes in the intensity
of nausea before and after
in the group that was given ginger infusion before the
intervention was 9.00 and after the intervention it was
5.00.
Based on the research that has been done, there is an
effect of consumption of mint and ginger infusion on
reducing nausea and vomiting in pregnant women in the
first trimester at PMB Bogor Regency. nausea and
vomiting after treatment.
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