Aim of the Experiment

To determine the Rate of Evaporation

of different liquids and then compare
it with respect to different factors to
different factors and density.

NAME: KRISHNA BHARAT SHINDE

CLASS: 11th SCIENCE
SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY
ROLL NO: 34
 Certificate

This is to certify that "Krishna

Shinde" of class 11 th Science has
successfully completed his project
on topic Determination of the rate
of evaporation of different liquid as
prescribed by Mrs. Shambhala
Waghmode during the academic
year 2022-23

Signature
 Acknowledgement

I would want to convey my heartfelt gratitude to

Mrs. Shambhala Waghmode, my mentor, for her
invaluable advice and assistance in completing my
project. She was there to assist me every step of the
way, and her motivation is what enabled me to
accomplish my task effectively. I would also like to
thank all of the other supporting personnel who
assisted me by supplying the equipment that was
essential and vital, without which I would not have
been able to perform efficiently on this project.

I would also want to thank the Appasaheb Birnale

Public School for accepting my project in my desired
field of expertise. I'd also like to thank my friends
and parents for their support and encouragement
as I worked on this assignment.
 -: INDEX:-
1i Certificate
2. Acknowledgement
3. Theory Involved
4. Uses of solutions
5. Experiment
a. Materials required
b.Pmccdure
c. Observation table
di. Conclusions
f~ Result
ii
6. Bi bl:iog,aphy
 TiiEORY JNVOLVED
I . RATE Ci 0»0MJJ01'1
A liqLJldf.11urfac• area and •mpl!1rature alled. Its. nil:e of
evapuratlan .. Evape,ratlaR ,_e alto ~ 1 UAGn the
type of Uqulm. ~ llqwJdl . . midi ..,. of d~ffe~ent
marecu1'11 IM 1Htl8 in the amount of ilbmraetlor1 that
e-~tftl bftwun ffl - •·~ cw
FA INFWMDNG 1111-- OF !VUOdllDN
► Dn,peNtur.:?
It i's also .affeaed 1JV temttaarute~AS !lhe ~mpenture of alr Is
increasecl~its mpadly m hold mdd11RI! t1fm1ncfflases.
Any ~ncr!!aie tn ai·r 1err.lP..IJ ilhln! ~ t1,e ternperatJJre· Df
a,
1

llqufd thl! e,,apnmian 5DUIU! whJ-dl muM dat maril!I

~nern b avaifiabfe '9 the lkp._41 mal~ules for es,a_pln1 fram
llqurtl to a pseou.s state..t i ~ erapcntionj is direr:tty
p1'Up0nlonal ~o 1hetfrnptGture llf ~rallfflll,sur1ace.
Wlrmet ltic ftlpafltiq sudam. hilhlr 0.1 rate of
11~p111r11llan1.
~ Alr-111w11a::
Ev11p.e.r1IIM II Ilia IRliRlil by th• ,i.'lfiml'"Jhltlc ~tluN
••rh!d on ,twt n11pm111in1 lllft-=e. tOINl!r ,_lire an ap•r1
wrhlct! af ~~ liquld l\lt-alb in 6"! h ~ I ■ti, of OV11$Kinl1ion,
~R.■.latid hlllllldftv:
irh@ m,I! af 1!\f■lpnmdlln II dme'.ly n!lar-ecl wltl1 lh1! N!lartv~
h1,1mldl1Yaf air. Slnce I l l e . ~ hokllra ~ .p acityor air, ,ta
11an 1empera1v1e ll limited~ d1rier llr etaDGrates mare li~LI Id
than mallt 11,il ln ethe,l ~ lll&her the apaur pranuJe~
lawer the n111 al ~poraion. n l1 1 camman mipe1ltr11:e tl,lm
11-.rlJH!ifltlan li 1,JNNr· lft 1u11111Mtr and M mrdii((ly IMn In
1

wlnt•r ■nd id m1h1.

l j, SUUAa AftEA Mq ~ f f . E

~mu5e mmlenlli5 w iiRIIIBl ~•ms fmm a liquid ..s

,n
swfaH! i:lll'Dl lil1Dill IINlftl! mal~.d~s or a ~ ll!aVf! the
lk:lukl, anti ftilDQRIINI m:mn. mare qulcldf. Far examJle■
same amDunt GI wlftef wll e,a,pora,e faster tl f spllled on·a
table ~han 11rts Mt rn &be c._. ttJahe-, tefii1(1eraWre allo
lni!NiitlM tlNi all ef nipogtl mi:..At t.nlhflf l11Jffllperati11re
tMr.cum ar Mc.il11 b... ■ bllf\l1ranrap iPffd . And
rnar1 [PIJrl lcl& , ... allla ta brnk la• DI" n111.111r1 :5urf1111:111.
1
i 1m I MDIJ.ECIILAR FD ......

Mmt l~iq,urds am madl! wp af mulUlll tattrad)lon aman1

cUflerent mciecut·a ~ a1pllin wt.v some liquids
evaporates faSIR lban de=~.Atneitian1 betwffn
mole-tules IJR liei:IUSC moleeuln IY,klltw hiVt
re1lo11 11'111 GJJY 11111-hl - - dlMil■ Tltna
r•1fans o1' elec1m·c chirps ■re unlad betauN mlN-
~ant. ~rr111 mot.cult ilN ofl:an rrmN tiedfO'M'Pllm lhtn
~he hvdmpn 11a~ ln1G:a1lh.Lk~Wr au,actign11ff•t
Ule rale af evapardDA of• liquld becaute nn,n1
intern,oltcular a1:Uadl• tlDkl lhe molecules In a llquld
Mite ti&httt,. As I (t sut·"llquids willl 5tmn8;
intt:rmofea.Jilr am1iLdllni ~ IJ'ICHiE $lowly lffil:n
~J,me WMiUi stm111 I-•,~
masor11 why psaHne ~ •ll!r lhan 1wal@r. Tiu!
lhTs rs thl!l

stlj)lnaer ffif fQrces lirftdnc the ndeada l)Jether I"'

the llqukl i "l ate ltie rnarie l■J■eiu INI MUii be Input in
~rd!w te evapafata die~
 EIHANOL
IIUIPAC ~1~mc .....
- ·-

-
-

mflfr\ir!r N~m~ Etlt.t ,. Arhal , Grain

Aln,hQI I! Hyd',OAfSl'ltlilnl •
Ddnldn,1 McohDI
- - -

I
r,J( D! ~~Jrrr f CJffllW~ 't.H.DN
I
-

tsirucwrne H [HJ

H- '1-- ~ - D -!H
~ I
I
H lH
1
,m,ecng
'I - - - - - -

M aJ~r Dn1iil!."S ,& ..061141/nd

-
-- - - - --- -
I ~

A~lll [,!;! Fa3FI ~ cakJIQfl-, d-, llq.

C

llilcn r-1£1' 111111/rJCi

I
.
Mcl'l tnB POffl'£ ·114wl-C fUl_~el It
II

BCi IUm, Pe Int 7M ~ 1111.1 IQ

So IubU ~, In w~Et? r Full¥ l!IJldlll,
II

At.fdity &l(N• fmu I 0~ l,NIIII]

i

Vils «I rs.) fly.

'
lUIID,111Pa tcPt 11 zaac
I
L
IolilliC I~ m:e~111·t 5Mfdl(L'9D,(las)
- -

ACETALDEH.TYDE
mURAC Nsml! Eth1nl1
Ottmrr Nam-e:s ACltakl•hvd•
- - - - - -

M:aJet:l3 Ia r Far=mtl!llm CaH•Q

- -

!ltftl mur.e M

I
H-{- M -
-

'
PADPIIITlES1
·'

MofaJ' Mass 44JJ51/mal

Appea ranee '1olaur11 n llquld 1
fruftJGdaur
Da n:iirt,J 1~1181/.•
-
l~nl tilfrl~ Peifrl t ~-12&S'C
-
Sol Un!H] ~a[n! &l~C
Sol111b'UM~ In wat~r
-
Full¥ mlN1bla
Vlscm1t\f
1

lmlJ 5 at [mac
1

Dlpofle m 0,111 en r Z~JD

- - - -
 ACtro~
'

IU'FI.C Na m.e I
,,...1i1Drl4!

0 ti.lfloi N~ m l!5 -
D11111.lhyt kaklne -

Mmla~_ular Ja,m u~1 1

CH.coat1
St:ruduri! H I';

11~9~~❖=M '
- - ·-
H H
Pj!OP\EB111ES
Molar Ma~ I
S8.18 l /mal
Appeiafifi3n~e '8lomless ,cfear
liquid
I

Den~itr n1-.,m1
nn~ ii ng l?-10 Inl
- -·
45-C -

BalfU !n ~ Pa nJmit
- - - -
•~c -- -

5ID~ u bJ lu 1\1 [nJ ~floor lFlllly mulbll

-

W~scmity D.Sl&qa
Diipl;I !e mram Elilft Z.&9D
- --
 lJV~I ER
11 -

1ru PAC Name Dolan■

Cthl!r 1~ames w.,i' Dlh,d raran
11mnalld■, Aqua
Mnllec 1.:.1tu Fa rm ll!l:J~ IH.O
- --

s1,~auue
I II
H'O' IH
--
- - -

PICl ~ERll!S
1

Molar MaStS 1LDl5D llrnol F

Ap pea~1(irn:e Colourless dear

l~u~
Dt!_Mity lllrz -

~A el m
·~n ~ Pc int
-
D'C
-
11

11
_Bal l!l 11I8 Pa! n1 1111-C
Vl~slty LIN,1cp
DripJJ.~~ nln~.l 1.IID
 t.f '

U~QfSQUlrJQNS ;-

1. USES OF ACEmflE
An lm,ortanl u,dU11• 1use of acetone lnYGlves ltl 1'1-ICl~Gfl
wilh ~l'lfi'KII fat lhl m•nldKtufl or IIIMtlGI A-m BIIMftal A
~ 1n lmpstllm1 UN•~~ DI many polv,Mrs 1L1.ch as
Palyc■Jbani~ ~I-Ynes and lfPOil ~silr11. Amtana ~1
aim uY.CI nlRWiwl!ly farU.. R1fi!lnlnlpattln1 ;mnd 5torln1
or·atetylene_~~, ~nllilrlrlft&a aom~ G1ateria~ are nm
Qlk!d witb ~ , e ~ b,r ~ , whit~ dissolve
~nto aceruneJJne lnres al acetune can dsso1ve around 250
~lten af ~qlene·. ~ i5 often dH- pri'm:iry
campmn.nl in nal pdjSII ~ ~i!tanltri~n nrgal!lic
'.!OWnl J1 H!Y'd ., Vll!I ~tone ~ , 11o used as• tlilP111lue
11

remGVif r. 1, tanl IJe used '9r 'tihlnnl"il aAid dea nl 111 flberal;u
resins and I l)QPl1 " nis a SVDrtl satvenl for mDD pl111 lcs
~1a nd isynthetre fiNIL Aa!tonr tan 1!sa cllne1R many
plMties. lncJudinl dWKe uSld In mr.:1UM1r taraerted
N11.-ttow.t. Am!DH Ii _.w111Nd 111 • ~rv~"I N■ l11t1,111
b01,1.~. Al:IIIIIM i&aim ugd n • rmvlffll 1Pnl, dull la the
rl!adlnlfl with whldl IEbindl ta --~r11 •nd U:1 tflQlatl llly.
.Atetone ~ alle tie USQl . , haJr.. ii~c,n be uRd a rl"se
berare shampooina to ~ bulldl u~ DUand hard
water m~nerals.
21 USES Of- WARR

from blolo1ical standpoinl. water has

many dlstind pra,ertJes that ar1 ffl~lcal
far lhe prallflnllan of lira 1hal set it
apart from atller substances. It carrif_s
out this rale by ia llowl• arpnlc
compaunds la react in waws that
ultinately allow repllcamiian~ AJI knawn
forms of life depend an 'w aln..

Waler js vlta I bnlh a5 a ~ n t iQ many

ways and respiration~ Phatasynthetic
cells u1e titre wnts energy to spll1 off
water's hydqem1fru11, oxygen. H1d qen
~s tll1n com blned with CO2 In thl
1 1

pracen. W11er Is alsa mn1ral la acid

base n1u1raliay amd enzyme functlori1a
l .l usu OF AarMD!fff1DE
~ t Is flammallh! llquid vnfh a fnlJly small
Acem l:dehyde «am nawrafl!t mripe frutt.
cottee· arYI bl!sll llre;ad 1i1111d is pracluced by
plants a, 1 pan al !libelr w11ial metabot~s.m. tt I
~ul1rlly known 1s 1lhe dleml~1d thlt c.utes
~anga.rers.

In thei chemf:GI lmdustry, ?c•talde~ Is used

as an inteimediate in th! prvduction of netJc
acildi ett-Ul11 titll!IS c1ncl a nwnB ol other
chemlcat1s.

In the Uw~ tlrie e ~ akaho1 dehydropnase

cam.rem e11haimt mm amtaldl!hyde, whkh is
than further com,erted inlo acetic acid bv
almhol dehydqenase .11he lall step af a,ooba1
fermentation ~,. t.Klflla -ftdl- 1nd ,a1st
Involull! die 1c:anvaniall al PYftlVlle lmtu
acetaldahyde a., ~ P'PUVII!
d•ta ,bmylaq~ fallawad by Ille EOmMflibn of
ac.etaldeliy.de mUJi ethinol.1he latter ~eactt-on Isl
~pin mlalyied by an almhal
dehy1101en~ 1i1DW aperalq the oppos1te
11

direction.
 ~11. USES OF El HANDl
1

The largest 5lnale ll5e Bf ethanol ·• • a 11t1Utorfwell

and fuel a&l~llw~Ethilnal m~ llmi be ucfflM a1 a
rocl•t fu11I and i5 c~rnnlly USN In Opl\¥1Jiht r«lk~1~===-11
p:aM11n1d racln, alffnh . E~hlnal-n In •n
lnlamal eimm~uS1Aon lfllJlll Nkll m-v af CM
p~duell af ln,om~ete combulllan rM'Qduces by
1•1011 ne and .1i1n~ncantt, larttt 11"Dutd.1 ar
forma~dt!tr,de and •lated 1 ~ sum 11
a,etaldehyde.

Ethana~ fL.11!'5 llue■ B, al lilme r.-.1111!5. [Uunal

Is .ke,pl in :a hurftll! U>iiil.alnl• a widl: such as gll.u
wool; a .safety sh:1-ld to reduce the dlances of
a,ddenti and iln edintuilfEI- !IUd1 i15 :i plate ar
ittl.ilter fEIJ'CUI aff DXYIJ!ft .. II pruviclH amml line.
1ialT:LI! vi!iUIII b4!nl'li13 Dl1a rl~I llll1N! loaar,maJ f..
wUJ1t,1JI llie nll!!!Hl ED vent the fulnQ via II Due Q
tlhan-01 p,oduciu 'rle'Y llUle hazal'llou1 ,car,bon
m~lde ;1n.dl a litdl cw, na •lkellJle smenl It dNS ll

emit aa,bDn ~lmldl 1ml ~ l ~ -

,,,.,.,:o,-,,n1Bnl-11 var111111oa of the fODnl mntllftlfll

1iha 11111& 11 nndnl la ilfllUm wk ap11r.rtiu:w, aklna~ 1,
I

al'I lmpc,rt1 lid indullml k11Jdi•n, • 1h■1

Vf ldl!:IP~•d US8 1111 a lilg ~ I &Ir c,tnr rOf p nlic
cornpouruis . ~ ~de ~ halkles.,
and butildleM~
et""
esters
 ~ m,n- ~·
1

Ila 10 AIIUI& SAMN.B OF DlffERI/C ~

1.1au1m
ii
a '
Ill
 PRD~EDURE

1ilEffiNG inti nMPIUifUR& ~E

Ii T-alce lh r■e beaten ,of !!qU■I val ume and labte
ltlem as ~B #CD .Pour lOntl mt·each llqu~d In
these beakett
II. Flr.tJ lbllr tJe$Pective manes lmq
(demtty=mawvoluine).
HI. Keep IIM! bealas al similar mndlt1ons for
3Dmin5 arts recc:nrdlnl lheir· mams.
iv. After half an haur IKlle the masses of ·th~se
beakers and u1rcu1a1e the b5 in mass of
therm.
Z, IB~IEFIS Of l)l~ENT SUftt~ACJ ~l;f\
Pul 10ml al different liquids in beakers of
d lffeteritt surface arem.
'i HWIN& fltE IMIEU
Heat Ille H11ten ta different tempe rar.url!!
and rmale theJr volumes.
 015ERVATlDN

- n••,j
LMmkyofWlbt
a.Mlty.,
Dtlmft't af
•lllec
-IL711 LI/H
-D.71r/M
~--,---
lililBa

iG.Jll&/Gt

Naw u wa b.-.11111111Gt1lll at au I nces •...,._

lhllri NSpildlvl "wlll bei
Masi at 1.Gml water
Mass or 111ml aa:w •JJlpl
Mass of 10ml ac:etakll!fllde •7rllffl
Mau Df lDml ~ - •Ji'' 9pil

Mir l&Hsainl lht lealilnl It 1 ......_..,IPilllil!"..u,. ·far hlfl

anllaurwallndlt.illiiiiii;_,..,. ---- talim

M111 of r1malnl111.u1Iri • l iit lffl

Min at nMllliinlWlalil ■J.5p
M.111 of rwmalnli11 Mrltllilltlfdl -1~
MIii of Nmlinlill ad•IIDI .Jmi11ffl
 DISERVitTIDN TABIJE
Vlriatlon of wolum1 llqulds .,,_pama In dlffaranl
1urflc• aru!l
Dfftf,i hff
,.,.._ Effllrnll Wtltlf
-- -

Awllld■hytl 1
1urfllm 1
tfflJI t"'I 1ml) lmlJ

....,
I

J__
irH
- - -

I .I i ~1 B..t 9.5
W.ldl g,o !lill 9.1 9.3
Gllss II

Cbnfcal g.J, 9..6 g_g 9d!i

Fta:slc ,_ - II - - ,_ _ - I

\fariallon of rate CJf evapur1Uon ol llqulds rt

different tam ~ 1
. . . . .'11

- -

Uqtaldl t111I) '-11!J P0W1ll [Ii DIFft Ct...UI t

n• 11' I.I -
J1'
Amhln■ 9 aS 9.l, 1.0 I..S
Wliar 9 .9 ,.a 9.6 9re!
lm~lfeltyde 95 9.li 1i 1.0
Eth:1nol ,_,1 9-.A 9-l B-9
c
✓From the ob,servat]on we a,ndude 1hat loss In
mass ~s dtrenly p,oponiona1 to the rate of
eva-oralian liei hl1h• Is the loss In mass h,1her
is the rate [ot evapaatian,i
'-"F're1m 1M Dbsemt Inn ft Is dearlv seen that.
rate of ewapamian Is dlrectlv PRIP-mtional to the
,surf.Ice area l.1e. moTB tbe surface area mmrre ~s
the rate ,a f evaporatiam.
✓The rate of evaporation also depends upon the
·temperature , more is d1e eneqy of ·the
molecyles 1fi00fa is the ratejof eva poratlon~
-'More is lhe derdfty~ less wlll be the rate ai·
evaparatlan.
 R~ULT5

Tih'l1 ex1>1rlment dearly establishes the

1

r1 '811011 ls1twlN!!n th■ rate al

evapa1 atlan af dlllerent llqulds Ind
the tactars on vdllch it dependsii