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ABSTRACT
The lack of employments in the home country has been the main reason why some
Indonesian people choose to work abroad as an Indonesian migrant worker or Tenaga
Kerja Indonesia (TKI). Unfortunately, most of them are not skilled, in other words, they do
not possess adequate skills needed for work. However, they play a significant role in
supporting their family economy and in contributing to foreign exchange earnings, although
it is not comparable to what the country gives to them. Within the framework of
improvement to the issue, Law No. 18 of 2017 on the Protection of Indonesian Migrant
Workers has been implemented, which adopted Law No. 39 of 2004 on the Placement and
Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers Abroad. In the new Law, there are five main
changes in the pattern of protection, which include decentralization of protection of the
Indonesian migrant workers, significant roles of Labor Attache, PJTKI with only two
functions (agent transfer and marketing), the Indonesian migrant workers’ insurance by
government, and sanctions for violators of the law. Therefore, the spirit of the Law 18/2017
is to protect Indonesian migrant workers and their family in avoidance of humanitarian
crimes they have been vulnerable to face from the departure process to the destination
country.
PENDAHULUAN
Malaysia sejak lama menjadi negara tujuan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (TKI),
berdasarkan data Menkumham jumlah mereka mencapai 2,7 juta orang (Putra, 2017).
Melihat angka tersebut tidak mengherankan jika jumlah migran Indonesia di Malaysia
sebagai pendatang terbesar (68.9 persen) setelah Nepal (9.9 persen), India (6.9 persen), dan
Myanmar (4.6 persen) (Vijayakumari Kanapathy, Migrant Workers in Malaysia: An
Overview, Kuala Lumpur, 6-7 December 2006). Bagi pemerintah Indonesia, keberadaan
TKI adalah berkah dari segi pemasukan devisa negara. Hal ini sebagaimana mengacu data
Bank Indonesia bahwa total remitansi TKI pada tahun 2015 mencapai Rp119 triliun, tahun
2016 mencapai US$7,47 miliar atau setara Rp97,5 triliun, tahun 2017 berdasarkan data
KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL
METODE PENELITIAN
PEMBAHASAN
KESIMPULAN
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Hardum, S. E. (2017). Kemnaker cabut izin 45 perusahaan penyalur TKI, 199 diskorsing.
Diakses tanggal 2 Agustus 2018. Sumber: https://www.beritasatu.com/ekonomi-
karier/409047-kemnaker-cabut-izin-45-perusahaan-penyalur-tki-199-diskorsing.html
Husni, L. (2007). Pengantar hukum ketenagakerjaan Indonesia, Jakarta: PT. Rajawali Pers.
Kanigoro. (2018). Ini lima perubahan dalam pelayanan TKI menurut UU yang baru.
Diakses tanggal 2 Agustus 2018. Sumber: https://www.kanigoro.com/berita/ini-lima-
perubahan-dalam-pelayanan-tki-menurut-uu-yang-baru
Novarina, A. (2018). Indonesia tolak skema perekrutan pekerja migran Malaysia. Diakses
tanggal 2 Agustus 2018. Sumber:
https://www.antaranews.com/berita/676662/indonesia-tolak-skema-perekrutan-
pekerja-migran-malaysia
Putra, A. (2017). Ada 2,7 juta TKI di Malaysia, menkumham: ini jumlah terbesar dari
seluruh dunia. Diakses pada tanggal 5 Februari 2018. Sumber:
https://news.okezone.com/read/2017/11/22/340/1818240/ada-2-7-juta-tki-di-
malaysia-menkumham-ini-jumlah-terbesar-dari-seluruh-dunia
Wiwoho, S. (1987). Hukum perjanjian kerja laut. Jakarta: PT Bina Aksara: Jakarta.
Yunita, N. W. (2017). TKI kirim uang ke RI Rp 57,6 T, dari Malaysia terbanyak. Diakses
tanggal 5 Februari 2018. Sumber: https://finance.detik.com/berita-ekonomi-bisnis/d-
3665084/tki-kirim-uang-ke-ri-rp-576-t-dari-malaysia-terbanyak
Undang-Undang No. 39 Tahun 2004 tentang Penempatan dan Perlindungan Tenaga Kerja
Indonesia di Luar Negeri.