1

● Yes. As I observed the learners I recall my elementary days. The practice exercises,
recitations and board works. In my own experience, our similarities just like them I’m
fond of answering in class recitations for me class participation is very much important to
test myself if I really understand what our teacher taught us. On the other hand, our
differences are that I have this attitude that if I already understand the lesson I will not
listen anymore to my teacher but instead I will have my own discussion with my
seatmates. Unlike the students I observed up to the last minute of the class they still listen
very eagerly to their teacher.

2.
The teacher I cannot forget is Ms. Perla I. Almendrala for she is a very popular teacher in my
Alma Mater. She is known to be very strict, but very excellent in teaching; she’s also known to
give so many handwritten outlines as a requirement for her to pass her subject. I remembered she
is fond of recitations and she calls us in random, that’s why before attending class all of us make
it sure that we reviewed the past lessons and make advanced reading on the next lesson because
we don’t want her to get mad at us because we are too scared about what might happen. But as
time pass by, I discovered that beyond her strict face and strong personality is a very loving and
caring heart for her students. And now as I think of her, I also wanted to give credit to her
requisite outlines because that helped me a lot academically and emotionally. Why emotionally?
Because the efforts I exerted patience & perseverance as I wrote those undying outline helped
me a lot for what knowledge I have now.

4.

● As I finished this chapter, I learned that there are many factors to affect or contribute to
the development of a child. From Physical, m\Mental, Social and Cognitive theory which
involves the learner on hoe they’ll be able to cope up or catch up with their people around
him/her in the environment.

My favorite theory of development is the social theory wherein we observed how the
child interacts to the people around him/her. This can guide me as a future teacher is by
letting known that each child has his/her own approach to be given.

PG 35
There are a total of 42 students in the class, 19 boys and 23 girls with age ranges from
16 to 19. 80% of the class are Roman Catholic while the rest have different Christian
religion. Their height goes from 4’11 to 6’3 and about 10% are bi-racial.

During Class:

The class is very noisy and competitive, the smart students compete which answer is
the most valid and

correct answer. While the others just wait until they are done. But debating is the class’s
most favorite activity.

Some of the students answer, but some don’t, but they just raise up and the teacher
help them answer. The teacher obviously calls out the students behind because she
knows that these kids are not paying attention.

The quiet students or the ones who are quiet in general do their normal students’ stuff,
some listened to music, some stayed back played games on their phone, while others
watch anime and read their books.

Outside Class:

The students group themselves based on their interests, some are interested in K-POP
and Foreign Pop

Culture, others are grouped because they came from the same section/school
previously and some are inthe groups with same gender. A student who’s not
interacting with anyone is the transferee from other school. The student is still waiting
for someone to approach him first, and still trying to learn his new environment.

ANNAYZIE

1. There was a joker in the class who’s always kidding and joking. He hangs around
with every classmate,asks for food because he’s lazy. There was also a top
student who also serves as the leader of the class always try to tell the class to
keep quiet although not all listen to her. There was also a student who acts as
the secretary of class even though she’s really not. The teacher always asks her
to write the assignments on the board, collect printing fees and the one who
writes the names of the naughty students.
What influences them to assume these roles are their peers, their belief that they would
be better to be this way, people’s reaction that somehow satisfies them and their
teachers’ meaningful feedback.

2. There was no student who I’ve observe being left out or different. The students
celebrate differences and create bond with each other.

If ever there is left out the best thing that a teacher can do is to explain that everyone is
belong ,accepted and no one should left behind

3. The teacher influences the students to be supportive of each other and to respect
each other’s’ differences by being mindful and careful of their words, and to be
available for each other as friends who are willing to help and be their emotional
support. In addition, the teacher encourages the students accept and appreciate
each other’s opinion and belief about a certain matter, as well as their interest,
hobbies and preferences.
4. The teacher makes sure that she is aware of students’ individual differences
through understanding their backgrounds, learning styles, hobbies and interest.
The teacher establishes friendly relationship with her students and encouraging
them to be open for communication while fostering respect in the classroom by
letting them to talk about their cultural backgrounds. The teacher also tries to
integrate celebration of cultural differences in every lesson in any way she can,
for instance employing activities that allow the students learn about each other’s
culture such as sharing, role playing

Reflection

As I was observing the classroom, although the students are individually different from
each other, their unity regarding acceptance and appreciation of each other had made
me feel comfortable. How the teacher manages diversity in the classroom is a sign that
she is very effective in developing teaching strategies that promotes awareness and
creating connection with diverse cultures. Evidently, the students are empathetic and
open-minded about diverse backgrounds which helped them understand each other
well. Students demonstrating confidence and independence in the class is also a sign
that the teacher is effective in fostering cultural sensitivity in the classroom. The way
they care for each other and how openly they communicate with their teacher and how
they become united in collaboration activities made me feel a sense of oneness in the
classroom.
 Observation report

SPED Class with intellectual disabilities

The class is composed of students with intellectual disabilities. There is a student who’s
not paying
attention to the teacher, he was sitting at the back and talking with his seatmate. When
the teacher
was presenting a video, everybody became excited and started clapping their hands.
They were a bit
noisy. One student is very energetic as she keeps on clapping her hands and stomping
her feet while
she is watching the video. While some are watching the video, others were just looking
at their
classmates and doing their own stuff like playing with their pens. When the teacher was
asking a
question, one student raised her hand to answer and the rest of the class raised their
hands too. When
the student answered correctly the question, she was extremely happy and giggled for
her small
achievement. Even though there is only one student who’s participative of the class, the
teacher tries
to encourage others to at least share their answer or let them read. The students
interact well with
their teacher and classmates during the discussion. According to the teacher, her
students experience
difficulty in understanding new information, have slow cognitive processing time and
have difficulty
in comprehending abstract concepts. To respond to the learners’ needs, the teacher
uses clear and
simple language, uses visual aids and employ various teaching strategies.
A regular class with inclusion of learners with low vision students
As I observe the class, there are 5 students with low vision. 3 girls who are wearing
glasses are far-
sighted while 1 boy have astigmatism and the other boy is near sighted. Although they
have minimal
problems with their vision, they are still participative of the class. In fact, 2 of them were
top students
of the class. There were no special treatment or biasness in the class but the teacher
ensures that the
needs of the students we’re provided. For example, the teacher created an effective
seat plan
considering the students’ needs. As much as possible, the teacher encourages the
class to be confident
and to be the leaders of their own. She gives everybody an opportunity to lead in every
class activity
and celebrate oneness in the class.

Annalyze

1 Based on the teacher’s given information, the observations I had and jotted
down matched
what she had given, in terms of the students’ needs, performance and how she
handles their

2. Evidently, the class is composed of diverse students with different levels of abilities.
These abilities vary in terms of their current knowledge and skills, independence level
and etc.
Some lower-ability students are struggling to understand the lesson while others who
can independently learn by themselves are considered as higher-ability students.
Having these kinds of students in the class need effective strategies to respond to their
varying needs. For example, the teacher may use a differentiated instruction through
structuring his/her lessonplan in various phases such as review phase, inquiry phase,
comprehension phase and application phase. Other instructional strategies are peer
interaction groups, collaboration activities etc.

3. As I have observed, the teacher uses multiple means of presenting the topic. She
utilizes various tools and materials to aid her discussion such as video, textbooks and
multimedia. She also provides different ways for students to express their learning such
as writing, art or presentation. In addition, she allows them to work with their peers for
an effective way of learning and employs performance-based activities and authentic
assessment.

Reflect

1. During elementary in Grade 6, I remember some of my classmates were still

struggling how to read fluently in English language. What my teacher did was,
she assigned a study buddy for each student who’s having hard time to read and
let their study buddy help them. As one of the study buddies, I helped my
classmate in reading a book every recess or lunch time. My teacher constantly
monitors us, and the progress that my classmates are making. For me, it is very
effective. She helps the low achiever students improve their weakness while
letting the high achievers share their knowledge and skills through assisting their
classmates.

2 As a future teacher, I will be needing the following dispositions and traits to respond to
my learners’
needs:
• Expectation that I will be handling a classroom with students with wider-ability levels.
• Additional time and effort to meet the needs of the learners.
• Continuous innovation and brainstorming of effective strategies and approaches in
handling
students with different levels of abilities.
• Effective communication to establish good relationship with students while being a
good
listener for them.
• Focus on collaboration along with the belief that this is more effective than letting the
students learn alone.
• Flexibility and Adaptability in changing and evolving environment.
• Empathetic teacher who understands what her students backgrounds, needs and
interest.
• Lifelong learners who continuously seeks for what is best for students.

Annalyze

1 One particular example in how the school foster the

sense of belonging to Aeta’s belief and practices is when,
one of the teachers is teaching the Aeta’s traditional
dance. This dance is part of the Aeta’s tradition and the
teacher, as part of the school, demonstrated an example
of deep understanding of what the Aetas value in their
Culture.

2
Unfortunately, this certain aspect was not shown in the
Video.

3 The school shows a deep appreciation of Aeta’s identity

through encouraging the students to learn their
traditional practices and helping them value their culture
through integrating such concepts in the discussion

4. According to one of the teachers they are not adhering

to the IPED curriculum but instead they use the old
curriculum framework. This means that the skills and
competencies that the learners need to develop are more
generalized and do not specifically emphasize their
tribe’s ancestral domain and culture.

5. Yes. Although they are using the old curriculum, still, it

link new concepts and competencies to the life
experience of the community.

6. The “indiginized” strategies that the teachers employ in

teaching the topics complement the Aeta’s teaching-
process which makes the learning more effective

7 One particular example on this aspect, is the integration

of cultural dance of the Aeta in classroom activities that
highlights the concept of preserving and valuing one’s
culture and tradition.

8. Unfortunately, this particular aspect was not shown in

the video.

9.
The assessment practices that the teachers employ
consider community values and culture through ensuring
that the assessments are culturally-sensitive and regards
their culture specifically in the language, tools that are
available in the community and the concepts that are
relevant to the group’s background.

10

As I have observed, the activities employed by the

teachers contributes to the students’ development of
critical thinking skills through using real-life
concepts/problems that the students need to solve

The best way are the following

1. Focus on the priorities. ...
2. Include indigenous people in discussions of land use. ...
3. Apply the law to ensure land rights are protected. ...
4. Build public awareness. ...
5. Recognise their role in conservation. ...
6. Bridge the gap between policy and practice.

Reflect
1 Based on what I have watched, the students are more concerned with the harsh
possibility that they may be fooled if they don’t study than focusing on their dreams and
aspirations as learners. I also learned that, there are numerous factors that affect the
students’ performance in class so teachers as well as the parents of these students
should be aware of these challenges and as much as possible, find way to at
least solve the problem. For instance, the lack of food which greatly affects the
students.
2.I admire the teachers in teaching in Flora Primary School in terms of their
determination to teach the
students no matter how difficult the situation is. I appreciate their effort to travel 5-6
hours just to teach the students, and most importantly they never give up on helping
these students achieve their dreams. For them, teachers are the only heroes that will
help the students claim their rights to education.

3.1 Be open to respect indigenous peoples by being culturally-sensitive and effective

communicator, who influence other people to be appreciative of indigenous people and
lead in
upholding their rights.
3.2 Uphold and celebrate their culture, beliefs and practices by integrating celebration of
cultures activities in every lesson, and maximizing the use various teaching strategies
that
consider diversity and inclusion among students.
3.3 Advocate for indigenous peoples education by continuously supporting of
developing and
enhancing IPED curriculum, sharing meaningful suggestions to the head members of
Department of Education/Commission on Higher Education regarding how we can
improve the
curriculum that suits well the needs of IP students

Show your learning artificial

Generally, the following three methods are used worldwide to deal with individual
differences among students:
● Multiple Events of Instruction: In this strategy, the teacher conveys the different
content to each student. ...
● Between-Class Ability Group: ...
● Class Grouping:
● Flexible-pace learning.
● Collaborative learning.
● Progressive tasks.
● Digital resources.
● Verbal support.
● Variable outcomes.
● Ongoing assessment.

Episode 5

Analyze

1 The classroom set up is just a typical and traditional Philippine college-school

style where there is a blackboard in front of the room and a table in the center
front. The rows of seats are occupying the whole space of the room with only
minimal spaces left for other areas.
2 Some of the class rules posted in the room are: No talking during classes.
Raise your hand if you want to speak. No chewing gums/eating food during
classes. Turn off your phones. Come in class early. Establishing classroom
rules reflect the students successful learning. Students become responsible
for their action and leads them to understand their task clearly.

3. According to the teacher, the students participated in establishing the

classroom rules through votation headed by the classroom president with the
guidance of the teacher. Students who are involved in creating the rules are
most-likely to become disciplined and responsible who conforms on the rules
positively.

4. To start the class , the teacher greets the students and ask a
representative from the class to lead the prayer. Then, she asks evreybody how
they are doing. Usually students say they are doing good. She let them be
seated that starts to prepare her presentation (laptop, projector). She also
record the attendance through calling the students’ last name. After that, she
proceeds with the lesson by a motivational activity

5. The class were seated alphabetically from A to Z. But in the case of

students with difficulties in sight or hearing, she lets them be seated in front.
Using this arrangement, the teacher easily identify the absent students. This also
help her to recognize a student’s name especially in oral reciation.

6. In a high college classroom, noise level is quite high as students like to talk a
lot with their seatmates. During the discussion, all students are very participative
and everyone want to share their answers. However, the teacher remains calm in
telling them to lower their voices. She tells them that that are also other classes
that they can disturb with their loud noises.

7. There are students who do not follow instructions especially when

working on their tasks. The teacher still accepts their output but reminds
them to pay attention to the instruction because she will not accept their
output anymore if they made the same mistake again. This helps them
learn from their mistake and be attentive to the teacher’s instructions.

8. The following are the strategies used by the teacher to reinforce positive
behavior: Let them establish classroom rules. Adress problems in a friendly
manner. She doesn’t scold them, instead talks to them calmly. Celebrate
achievements through praising them. Give rewards or incentives to motivate
them strive harder. Make the class discussion engaging and fun. Incorporate
activities that promote collaboration and peer teaching.
 Reflect

Enforcing a positive discipline is essential in managing the classroom well. Even

though the students are well-mannered, there are unpredictable situations that
would challenge the teachers’ patience. There is a need to enforce a
positive discipline among students to positively address the conflicts that may
arise in the classroom without being too harsh on students. Students will not
think negatively about themselves and this will eliminate unwanted behaviors
or reactions from students. This will also help the teacher inculcate positive
values among students. In addition, students will be responsible for their actions,
to be rational, and critical and decide smartly in different situations.

The classroom is traditional set-up with table in the back for students
belongings and and reading corner in the back.

These make them feel safe and comfortable in their learning spaces.

2.

The classroom rules are well established and effective.

The rules help them to become responsible and well-mannered.

3. The classroom procedures are carefully taught and modeled.

These enables them learn potibly and comfortably.

4. Daily routines are well-established.

These maintain consistent standards.

5.

The seating arrangement is well-implemented and help learners to be attentive

This lead them learn better and partcipate in the class well.

6. The Teacher handles the misbehavior calmly and politely.

This does not threatens the learners instead motivates them to do better next time.

7.

Reinforcement of positive behavior is appropriate, effective and catalyzes favorable

result.

It increases their confidence, regulates their behavior and reduce negative behavior.

Annaylze