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ST. FRANCIS ACADEMY OF PAMPANGA

Primary School Department
SY 2022-2023
SCIENCE 4 – FOURTH QUARTER
Module 1

A. You Will Learn to

 Compare and contrast the characteristics of different types of soil.
 Identify the types of plants that can grow in each kind of soil.

B. Let’s Learn
What Are the Different Types of Soil?
 Types of Soil
 Suitability of Soils to Plant Growth and Development
C. Let’s Study

TYPES OF SOIL
Soil is the top layer of the Earth’s surface. It is made up of organic matter, both living and dead. It contains
minerals and nutrients, liquids, and gases. The kind of
soil varies from place to place. This is because the Sandy Soil Silt Soil Clay Soil Loamy Soil
climate, water, and temperature of a certain place
affect the information and quality of its soil. There are many different kinds of soil, but it only has three major
types: sand, silt, and clay. When these three types are combined in approximately equal ratios, another kind of
soil, called loam, is formed.
Each kind of soil has its own characteristics.
 Soils differ in the size of particles. Sand has the biggest particles. Silt has smaller particles than sand. Clay has
the smallest particles.
 Soils differ in texture. Sand is coarse and rocky. Clay when wet, is smooth and sticky. When dry, it is hard and
rough. Silt has a similar texture to clay. Loam is gritty and contains pieces of plant parts.
 Soils differ in color. There are yellow, red, brown, and black soils. Dark-colored soils are usually fertile due to
the presence of humus. Humus is a dark brown or black mass of decaying plant and animal matter.
 Soils differ in smell. Some soil has no odor, some have a foul smell, while some have an earthly smell. A large
amount of humus in the soil gives an earthly smell. Soils differ in odor depending on the materials they contain.
 Soils also have different water-holding capacities. The spaces between soil particles determine how much
water the soil can hold.

SUITABILITY OF SOILS TO PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

Plants grow in different types of soil. Santan grows best in loam soil but cactus does not. Cactus grows best in
sandy soil but santan does not. Most plants need well-drained and moderately fine-textured soil. Others need soil
with less moisture and a grainy texture.
 Sand is the coarsest and the driest type of soil. It allows air circulation, but cannot hold water for long.
These characteristics make sand suitable for plants that require less water. Examples: cactus, aloe vera,
oregano
 Clay is the heaviest type of soil. It is good for holding water and nutrients for a longer time. The flow of air
is limited. It is suitable for plants like peanuts and rice crops.
 Silt is a combination of sand and clay. It can hold nutrients and can circulate air and water better than
clay soil. It is good for growing grasses such as cogon.
 Loam contains more nutrients, moisture, and humus. It is best for growing vegetables such as pechay,
asparagus, and tomato.
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D. Let’s Do This

What to Do
1. Get eight small plant pots. Fill the pots with different types of soil (clay, sand, silt, and loam. Fill
two pots with sand, two pots with silt, two pots with clay, and two pots with loam.
2. Get four pots, one for each kind of soil. Plant one corn seedling in each pot.
3. Plant a bean seedling in each of the other four pots.
4. Observe the growth and development of the seedlings for one week. Record it below. Use a ruler to measure
the growth. Also, use centimeters (cm) as a unit.
Corn Bean
Type of Soil
3 days 5 days 7 days 3 days 5 days 7 days

Sand

Clay

Silt

Loam

Questions
 In which type of soil did the corn grow best?

 In which soil did the mongo or bean plant grow well?

E. Let’s Test Ourselves

Answer CHAPTER TEST on pages 210-211.

F. Assignment
Are there plants that grow without soil? Give examples of these plants and explain how they grow.

ST. FRANCIS ACADEMY OF PAMPANGA

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Primary School Department

SY 2022-2023
SCIENCE 4 – FOURTH QUARTER
Module 2

A. You Will Learn to

 Explain the use of water from different sources in the context of daily activities.
 Trace and describe the importance of the water cycle.
B. Let’s Learn
Why Do We Need to Conserve Water?
 Sources, Importance, Conservation of Water
 Water Cycle

C. Let’s Study

SOURCES OF WATER
About 70% of Earth’s surface is covered with water. People, plants, and animals need water to survive.
Surface water is water that travels or is stored above the ground. It is the water found in oceans, seas, lakes,
rivers, streams, waterfalls, and dams.
 Seas and oceans are huge bodies of water which cover about three-fourths of Earth’s surface. Both are
not suitable for drinking because of their high salt content. However, they serve as homes for many
marine organisms.
 Lakes – bodies of water surrounded by land. Majority
of lakes are freshwater; they have very little salt
content. It can be processed for people’s use.
Freshwater fish and certain aquatic plants also live in
lakes.
 Rivers – bodies of flowing water that usually empty into oceans and seas. They contain freshwater which
is used for drinking, for irrigation of nearby farms, and as a passageway.
 Streams – also flowing bodies of water but are smaller than rivers. They are usually found in caves or
between gaps in the ground.
 Waterfalls – are from high places where water flows in the course of river or stream and then abruptly
drops vertically into a large pool below. They vary in height and the higher a waterfall is, the more
majestic it looks. Power generated from running water like from a waterfall is called hydroelectric power.
 Dams – build as reservoirs of water to be used by people in adjacent towns and cities.
 Groundwater – water found beneath Earth’s surface. Springs are bodies of water that flow or leak out
directly from the ground.
IMPORTANCE OF WATER
 For Good Health – It helps our body digest and absorbs the food we eat. It tones muscles, supplies
oxygen and nutrients to different body parts, rids our body of wastes, and serves as a natural cooling
system. Drinking eight to ten glasses of water every day helps us stay healthy. Dehydration is a life-
threatening condition, more dangerous than starvation or lack of food.
 For Home Use – Water at home is used for bathing, preparing and cooking food, washing clothes and
dishes, flushing toilets, cleaning, and watering plants.
 For Manufacturing – In manufacturing plants and factories, water is used before, during, and even after
the production process.
 For Agriculture – Agricultural lands should have a continuous supply of water for proper irrigation. This is
to ensure that plants get enough water, which is one of the major components of plants’ food making
process.
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CONSERVATION OF WATER
Water conservation means using water wisely. Since you depend on water for survival, it is your responsibility
to learn how to keep water pure and safe not only for you but also for others. You need to conserve water so
that it will still be available to people in the years to come. Here are some ways to conserve water:
At Home In the Garden In School
1. Never leave a dripping 1. Water the plants during the early 1. Do not flush tissue paper and other
faucet. morning or late afternoon so that the materials in the toilet.
2. Do not let the water run water will be retained better and will 2. Do not let the water run while soaping
while rinsing dishes. not evaporate easily. your hands.
3. Use a glass when brushing 2. Use a sprinkler instead of a hose 3. Use a drinking bottle or glass when
your teeth. when watering plants. getting water from a drinking fountain.
4. Limit the use of water when 3. Do not use high-pressured hoses 4. Report leaks from faucets, toilets, or
taking a bath. when cleaning driveways or sidewalks. pipes.
5. Reuse the water used for Instead, use a pail of water and a 5. Create posters and slogans to remind
washing fruits and broom to clean. everyone how to conserve water and
vegetables to water plants. 4. Do not play with water. display them around the school.
WATER CYCLE
The continuous movement of water
in the environment is called water
cycle. There are three important
process involved – evaporation,
condensation, and precipitation.
Evaporation happens when
molecules of water vapor in the air is
cooled and becomes water droplets.
Condensation happens when water
vapor in the air is cooled and
becomes water droplets.
Precipitation happens when water
droplets fall to the ground as rain or
snow.

D. Let’s Do This

Think of other ways to conserve water in the following places.

Bathroom Kitchen Garden School

E. Let’s Test Ourselves

Use the clues to fill in the words above. Words can go across or down. Letters are shared when the words intersect.
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F. Assignment
Do MORE TO DO, on your science book, page 217

ST. FRANCIS ACADEMY OF PAMPANGA

Primary School Department
SY 2022-2023
SCIENCE 4 – FOURTH QUARTER
Module 3
A. You Will Learn to
 Identify the instruments used to measure the elements of weather.
 Identify safety precautions during different weather conditions.

B. Let’s Learn
How Do We Predict the Weather
 Elements of Weather
 Weather Instruments
 Weather Safety Precautions

C. Let’s Study

ELEMENTS OF WEATHER
People prefer fine weather in order to enjoy outdoor activities, especially during summer vacation. Changes
in weather are affected by different elements.
 Air Temperature – It is the measure of the hotness or coldness of the air. It’s usually measured in degree
Celsius (oC). The sun is the major source of heat. Earth receives the heat of the sun directly, making the
land and water warm during the daytime.
 Air Pressure – Our atmosphere is surrounded by a blanket of air. This air has weight pressing down on us
and everything else on Earth’s surface. This weight is called air pressure. If there is low air pressure, bad
weather is coming.
 Humidity – Water that comes from seas, oceans, rivers, and lakes evaporates and turns into water vapor
when heated. The amount of water vapor in the air is called humidity. Warm air can hold more water
vapor than cold air.
 Precipitation – It is what comes down to Earth from the clouds. The most common forms of precipitation
are rain and snow. Other forms include hail, sleet, and drizzle.
 Wind – Wind is moving air and is caused by differences in air pressure. Air under high pressure moves
toward areas of low pressure. The greater the difference in pressure, the faster the air moves. The wind is
described by its direction and speed.
 Cloud Cover – It describes the extent by which clouds cover the portion of the sky visible from where it is
observed. It is estimated and classified by a weather observer. The type of clouds tells you what the
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weather would be for that day. Some types of clouds: Cirrus clouds are the most common of the high
clouds; composed of ice and are thin, wispy clouds blown into long streamers that look like feathers.
Stratus clouds are uniform, grayish clouds that often cover the entire sky. Cumulus clouds are white,
puffy clouds that look like pieces of cotton; often called fair-weather clouds; They can grow upward and
develop into giant cumulonimbus clouds later on.

WEATHER INSTRUMENTS
 Anemometer – measures wind speed. It works the same way as a windmill does. It spins very fast when
the wind is strong. It spins very slowly when the wind is calm or gentle.
 Wind Vane – it indicates wind direction. It tells from where the wind is blowing. Sometimes, a wind vane
is attached above the anemometer.

Anemometer Hygrometer Wind vane

Thermometer Barometer
Rain Gauge
 Thermometer – It is used to measure air temperature. Most thermometers are closed glass tubes
containing a liquid such as alcohol.
 Barometer – measures atmospheric or air pressure. The rise or fall of pressure indicates a change in
weather condition. A rising barometer is a sign of dry and sunny conditions; falling barometer is a stormy
and wet conditions.
 Hygrometer – an instrument used to measure the humidity or the amount of moisture in the air.
 Rain Gauge – measures the amount of rainfall over a given period of time.
WEATHER SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Whether you like it or not, weather may change any time. The best thing you can do is to prepare for this
phenomenon. Here are some ways to keep safe from the sudden change of weather:
Against Hot Weather Against Rainy or Cold Weather
1. Drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration. 1. Always bring a raincoat or an umbrella to
2. Wear hats, sunglasses, and loose clothes to help protect you from the rain.
you stay cool. 2. If you get wet by heavy rains, dry yourself and
3. Long exposure to sun’s heat is not safe. Use change clothes as soon as possible.
protection against the sun such as umbrella and 3. Illnesses usually spread during rainy season.
sunscreen. Always keep your surrounding dry and clean. Do
4. Be mindful of what you eat. Food spoils easily not allow water to accumulate in your
during hot weather. surroundings.
5. If possible, stay at home during extreme heat. 4. Do not walk or play in flood waters.

D. Let’s Do This

Design and construct your own wind vane and choose the materials that you will use. Paste the picture of your
output below.
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E. Let’s Test Ourselves

Classes are suspended due to heavy rains. You forgot to bring your umbrella.
What will you do so you can go home safely?

F. Assignment

Observe the weather in your city for one week. Record the date and temperature. Describe the wind and the sky.
Record your observations in the table.
Date Temperature Wind Sky Condition
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ST. FRANCIS ACADEMY OF PAMPANGA

Primary School Department
SY 2022-2023
SCIENCE 4 – FOURTH QUARTER
Module 4

A. You Will Learn to

 Describe the importance of the Sun to Earth and to all living things.
 Explain the harmful effects of the Sun.
 Identify some safety precautions against the harmful effects of the Sun.

B. Let’s Learn
Why Is the Sun Important?
 Importance of the Sun
 Harmful Effects of the Sun
 Safety Precautions Against the Harmful Effects of the Sun

C. Let’s Study

IMPORTANCE OF THE SUN

The sun is very important to Earth. It warms our seas and lands, brightens our
surroundings, generates weather patterns, and gives energy to the growing green plants
that provide food and oxygen for life on Earth.
 The sun is our most basic source of energy. Plants use the to make food through a
process called photosynthesis. This energy is transferred to you when you eat the plants. The sun
also helps you obtain an important nutrient that you need.
 Sunlight in the early morning is good for your body. It helps your body produce Vitamin D.
 Sun’s heat helps in drying your clothes, too.
 During ancient times, people just depended on the light of the sun to tell time.
 Energy from the sun is also used as an alternative to usual but diminishing energy sources.
HARMFUL EFFECTS OF OVEREXPOSURE TO THE SUN
Earth is surrounded by air which is called the atmosphere. In the atmosphere, there is a layer of gases which
is called ozone. The ozone layer reduces the amount of ultraviolet light that reaches the Earth’s surface. As
year pass by, the ozone layer becomes thinner. The thinning of the ozone layer is caused by several human
activities. As a result, some of the sun’s harmful ultraviolet rays can directly reach Earth’s surface. This is
harmful not only to humans but also to plants, animals, and the environment.
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 Sunburn is the reddening of the skin due to overexposure to sunlight. The first signs of a sunburn
may not appear for a few hours. It may come out after several days. Extreme sunburn can lead to
serious long-term health effects such as skin cancer (uncontrolled growth of abnormal skin cells).
 Eye Damage – UV rays can affect your eyes, too. Looking at the sun or exposing your eyes to too
much sunlight is harmful. This may result in eye damage such as cataracts and blindness.
 Skin Aging – occurs when the skin gradually loses its elasticity resulting in the formation of wrinkles
and skin peeling. The sun’s rays may make your skin dry, coarse, and scaly.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AGAINST THE HARMFUL EFFECTS OF THE SUN
1. Wear protective clothing and head gear like a hat, or use an umbrella when going out in the sun for a long
period of time.
2. Limit exposure to the sun between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. The sun’s UV rays are the strongest during these
hours.

3. Do outdoor activities in shaded areas.

4. Wear sunglasses with UV protection. This is to protect your eyes against harmful UV rays whenever you go
out.
5. Wear loose and light-colored clothes. Loose clothes allow you to move freely. They make you feel cooler
since they reflect light.
6. Drink plenty of water. At least 8 to 10 glasses of water a day can prevent dehydration and heat stroke.
7. Eat fruits with high water content. Eating fruits such as watermelon, oranges, and turnips will help
maintain the body’s water level.
8. Maintain good air circulation inside the house. Keep windows open to let fresh air come in.
9. Take a bath regularly.
10. Apply sunscreen with a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) before going out. Recommended for children is SPF 30
or higher.

D. Let’s Do This

Good Deed
The sun is a source of heat and light energy. We can use it as an alternative source of energy.
List ways on how you can use the sun to save energy.

F. Let’s Test Ourselves

Answer CHAPTER TEST, on your book, pages 276-277.

H. Assignment

What will happen if you get too little exposure to the sun?
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