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ST. FRANCIS ACADEMY OF PAMPANGA

Primary School Department
SY 2022-2023
SCIENCE 6 – FOURTH QUARTER
Module 1

A. You Will Learn to

 Describe the changes on the Earth’s surface as a result of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
 Differentiate Magnitude and Intensity.

B. Let’s Learn

What Are the Agents of Change on Earth?

o Changes Due to Earthquakes
o Changes Due to Volcanic Eruption

C. Let’s Study

CHANGES DUE TO EARTHQUAKES

The planet Earth has different layers. Its surface belongs to the first layer called the crust. It is part of a
rocky rigid layer called the lithosphere. This layer is made up of several large and small plates that move above
a viscous layer called the asthenosphere. Movements of these lithospheric plates are often accompanied by
earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
An earthquake is the shaking or trembling of the ground. This results from the movement of the plates
when rocks along a fault line slip.
Causes of Earthquake. Earthquakes happen when crustal plates move. As these plates move, some parts
of the earth’s crust are pushed toward each other or away from each other. Their movement causes nearby
rocks to move as well. Thus, the rocks break and slide past each other. When rocks break, waves of energy are
released and sent throughout the earth. These waves trigger an earthquake.
Types of Earthquakes. (1)A Volcanic earthquake happens with a strong volcanic eruption while a (2)
tectonic earthquake is caused by the movement of the earth’s crust. A tectonic earthquake may occur above
the ground or beneath the ocean.
The strength of an earthquake is measured in 2 ways: (1) Magnitude refers to the amount of energy
released by an earthquake from its focus. The focus is the break in the ground caused by the pressure of the
moving rocks. This is the place where the earthquake originates. The ground above the focus is called the
epicenter. (2) Intensity refers to the effects of the earthquake as shown in the destruction of buildings, crops,
and the number of casualties.
CHANGES DUE TO VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
A volcano is an opening in the earth’s crust. Molten rock, ashes, and gaseous materials are forced out
through its opening. The opening of a volcano is called the crater.
Causes of Volcanic Eruption. Inside the volcano is a magma chamber. Molten rock inside this chamber is
forcefully driven out by intense heat and pressure. The release of magma from the crater is called volcanic
eruption. The magma that flows out on the surface is called lava. When a volcano erupts, it throws out
lava together with gases, rocks, and ashes.
A volcanic eruption can be: (a) Explosive, an eruption is explosive when large amounts of pyroclastic
materials are ejected by the volcano into the air. Pyroclastic materials consist of lava, ashes, and rocks; (b)
Nonexplosive eruption, the lava just flows out of the crater and gaps along the sides of the volcano. This
kind of eruption happens when there is less pressure in the magma chamber. There is less pressure when
magma is located nearer to the surface of the earth.
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Effects of Volcanic Eruptions

Volcanic eruptions can cause damage to plants, animals, people, and property. But aside from destruction,
materials released by a volcano can have beneficial effects in nature.
During volcanic eruptions, very hot lava flow can burn anything in its path. The mudflow or lahar can cause
landslides, flooding, and immense damage to buildings and farms. Volcanic ash and dust released in the air
can irritate the lungs and cause health problems to people. Very strong eruptions can also trigger
earthquakes. Despite the destruction it causes, a volcanic eruption can also be beneficial. The pyroclastic
materials from a volcanic eruption can make the soil fertile. The heat inside the volcano can cause gases to
come out through holes or vents called fumaroles. These fumaroles can provide geothermal steam to
generate electricity.

D. Let’s Do This

EARTHQUAKE COMPREHENSION! Read and answer the questions below.

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E.

Assignment

Illustrate a step-by-step process of how a volcano erupts. Label each drawing accordingly.

ST. FRANCIS ACADEMY OF PAMPANGA

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Primary School Department

SY 2022-2023
SCIENCE 6 – FOURTH QUARTER
Module 2

A. You Will Learn to

 Describe the different seasons in the Philippines.
 Identify the appropriate activities for each season in the Philippines.

B. Let’s Learn

What Are the Weather Patterns in the Philippines?

 Seasons in the Philippines
 Appropriate Activities for Each Season in the Philippines

C. Let’s Study

SEASONS IN THE PHILIPPINES

The Philippines is located near the equator. It lies between 5 and 20 degrees north of the equator. The
Philippines is an archipelago. It is made up of 7641 islands. These islands have different sizes. Some are
small, others are large. Mountain ranges, valleys, hills, and other landforms are found in the different
islands comprising the Philippines. These geographical and physical conditions of the Philippines affect its
climate.
Dry Season. March or April is the peak of the dry season in the Philippines. The dry season occurs from
December to May. During this season the country experiences very little amount of rainfall which is
dominated by sunny or dry weather. Dry season is divided into the cool dry and hot dry seasons. The cool
dry season happens from December to February due to the northeast monsoon (cold air that blows from
the northern hemisphere towards the equator). Hot dry season is experienced from March to May. At the
start of the month of March, a small increase in daily temperatures is usually observed. The rising
atmospheric temperature continues to April and May and can rise up to 35 degrees Celsius.
Wet Season. The Philippines experiences
the southwest monsoon usually at the
beginning of June. The southwest
monsoon or commonly known as
“habagat” invades the country when it is
winter in the southern hemisphere. This
monsoon wind brings lots of rainfall to
the country. In the Philippine weather,
the entry of southwest monsoon signals
the start of the wet season. Wet season
in the Philippines is also known as rainy
season. It starts in June and lasts until
October. During the rainy season, the
country experiences a large amount of
rainfall. Monsoon rain, thunderstorms,
and typhoons are common weather
phenomena experienced by the
Philippines in this period of the year.
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D. Let’s Do This

The effects of change in season may become unfavorable to us if we do not know how to adapt ourselves.
To lessen the bad effects of seasonal change we should know what appropriate activities to do or to follow.
What are they? List down some suggested activities you can do during these seasons.

Activities During Dry Season Activities During Wet Season

E. Let’s Test Ourselves

Answer QUICK QUIZ, pages 302 and 308.

F. Assignment

Answer “ CHAPTER TEST”, on your book, pages 312-313.

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ST. FRANCIS ACADEMY OF PAMPANGA

Primary School Department
SY 2022-2023
SCIENCE 6 – FOURTH QUARTER
Module 3

A. You Will Learn to

 Differentiate between rotation and revolution and describe the effects of the Earth’s motions.
 Explain the effects of the Earth’s Motion.
 Describe the Planets in the Solar System

B. Let’s Learn
How Does the Earth Move in Space?
o Movements of the Earth
o Effects of the Earth’s Motion
o Planets in the Solar System

C. Let’s Study

MOVEMENTS OF THE EARTH

Rotation. The earth is spinning on its axis at a regular and steady rate once every 24 hours. The movement
of the earth on its axis is called rotation. The direction of its rotation is from west to east, or
counterclockwise.
Revolution. The earth rotates as it travels around the sun in space. The movement of the earth around the
sun is called a revolution. The earth revolves around the sun from east to west, or in a counterclockwise
direction. It takes the earth a year, or 365 ¼ days to revolve around the sun. The earth travels around the
sun in a path or orbit. This orbit has an elliptical shape. This is the reason why sometimes the earth is far
from or close to the sun.
EFFECTS OF THE EARTH’S MOTION
Effects of Earth’s Rotation: Day and Night. The sun is the closest star to Earth. The sun seems to rise in the
east and set in the west. The apparent movement of the sun is because of the direction of Earth’s rotation.
The rotation of the earth causes day and night.
Effects of Earth’s Rotation: Movement of the Stars. Stars appear to move very slowly because of the
earth’s rotation. However, there is one star that does not appear to move. This star is named Polaris, also
known as the North Star. The earth’s axis is in line with Polaris. Polaris points directly above the earth’s
axis. It tells where the north is.
Effects of Earth’s Rotation: Wind System. The rotation of the earth also affects the wind system. As the
earth rotates from west to east, the wind deflects westward. The deflection of wind due to Earth’s
rotation is called the Coriolis effect.
Effects of Earth’s Revolution: Four Seasons. The earth revolves around the sun once every 365 ¼ days.
This period defines as a year. In some countries, this movement of the earth gives the four seasons –
summer, autumn, winter, and spring.
PLANETS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM
The word planet comes from the Greek word planetai, which means “wandering”. Planets are called such
because they are always moving. At present, there are eight planets in the Solar System. All are round,
move constantly around the sun at different rates, rotate on their own axis as they revolve around the
sun, and have no light of their own, they just reflect light from the sun.
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Planets in the solar system are divided into 2 groups: (1)Terrestrial Planets – Mercury, Venus, Earth, and
Mars are the four inner planets. They are also called terrestrial planets because. Like Earth, these planets
have a rocky surface; (2)Jovian Planets – The outer planets such as Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune
are also called Jovian planets because, like Jupiter, these planets are large and gaseous. (Jove is another
name for the Roman god Jupiter.)

D. Let’s Do This

Make your own model of the Solar System. You can use Styrofoam balls or cardboard. The following are
the suggested color and size of the planets: Mercury (orange, 3cm), Venus (green, 5cm), Earth (blue, 5cm),
Mars (red, 4cm), Jupiter (brownish with a red spot, 10cm), Saturn (yellow with red ring, 8cm), Uranus
(green, 10cm), Neptune (blue, 8cm), Sun (yellow, 25cm).
Materials: Styrofoam balls, art papers, ¼ illustration board, stick, glue
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E. Let’s Remember

F. Let’s Test Ourselves

Complete the table below.

Rotation Revolution
Definition: Definition:

Effects: Effects:
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G. Assignment

PERFORMANCE TASK: Draw the solar system in a ¼ illustration board. Color and label the planets and other
heavenly bodies. You can decorate your output. Be creative.
Sample only