THAKUR VIDYA MANDIR HIGH SCHOOL & JUNIOR COLLEGE

SUB – Geography STD –IX

Chapter No -2 Endogenetic Movements.

Q.1. Underline the correct option.

1. On which of the following are slow movements in the earth’s interior dependent?
Landforms/ Velocity/ Direction
2. When waves divert from each other, what do they create?
Compression/ Tension/ Mountain
3. For the formation of a rift valley, which of the following processes should occur in the earth’s crust?
Compression/ Tension/ Mountain
4. Which of these is a fold mountain?
The Satpudas/ The Himalayas/ The Western Ghats
5.The formation of extensive plateaus is a result of which type of movements?
Mountain- building/ Continent- building/ Horizontal

Q.2.Answer the following questions in one sentence each.

1. In which continent is the Great Rift Valley located?
Ans. Africa
2. In which country is the Kilimanjaro volcano found?
Ans. Tanzania.

Q.3. Identify and name the internal movement. Answers.

1. Tsunamis are generated in coastal areas Sudden movements
2. The Himalayas are an example of fold mountain Slow movements
3. Molten magma is thrown out of the earth’s mantle. Sudden movements
4. Rift valley is formed because of faulting Slow movements

Q.4. Define the following concepts.

1. Block mountain- When the portion of a crust between two parallel faults is raised up, it appears like a
block. The top of the block mountain is generally flat and the slopes are steep.
2. Rift valley- Sometimes, two factures develop side by side in the earth’s crust. The land between two
factures subsides. This subsided deep part is called Rift valley.
3. Continent-building movements- The movements that give rise to continents are called continent
building movements. When a portion of the crust is raised above sea level it leads to formation of
continents.
4. Surface waves- After primary and secondary waves a new set of waves is generated on the surface is
known as surface waves. These waves are very destructive.
5. Continents- The vast portion of land that appears above sea level is called continent.
6. Hypocenter- The point below the surface where energy is released during an earthquake is called the
Hypocenter of the quake.
7. Epicenter- The epicenter of a quake is located on the surface at point nearest to the focus.
8. Volcanic eruption-Hot materials in liquid, solid and gaseous form are ejected on the earth’s surface
from the mantle of the earth. This process is called volcanic eruption.

Q.5. Answer the following questions in brief.

1. What is folding?
Ans. As energy waves move through the interior of the earth soft rocks are subjected to compression. As
a result, wrinkles are developed. This process is called folding.

2. What is fault?
Ans. Because of internal movements, horizontal waves moving away from each other are formed .This
causes tension on the layers of rock. This leads to formation of factures in the rocks .These are known as
faults.

3. How are the continents formed?

Ans. Slow movements occur towards the centre or from the earth’s centre towards the earth’s crust.
Because of these movements, a vast part of the earth’s crust is uplifted or gets subsided. When the part
of the earth’s crust is uplifted continents are formed.

4. Give reasons why an earthquake occurs?

Ans. Because of the movements occurring in the interior of the earth tremendous tension is created in
the earth’s crust .When the tension goes beyond limits, the energy is released in the form of waves .This
results in trembling of the earth’s surface, i.e. earthquake occurs .

5. Which type of movements have led to the formation of the major fold mountains in the world?
Ans.Fold Mountains are formed because of slow earth movements. Energy is transferred from the
interior of the earth. Because of these energy waves and pressure working towards each other and in
horizontal direction, the layers of the soft rocks form folds .If the pressure is very high, large scale folds
are formed and their complexity increases. As a result, the surface of the earth gets uplifted and folds
are formed.

6. How is the magnitude of the earthquake related to the collapse of houses?

Ans.1. When earthquake occurs three types of waves are generated known as seismic waves. The
intensity of the earthquake depends on these waves.2.When energy is released within the earth’s
surface primary waves reaches the earth surface first.3. The primary waves causes the building to move
in back and forth direction.4.After primary waves secondary waves reaches the earth surface. The
particles lying in the way of these waves move up and down.5. Once the primary and secondary waves
reaches the earth’s surface a surface wave is generated which is extremely devastating and causes
damage and collapse of houses.
7. What are the effects of earthquakes on the earth’s surface and human life?
Ans. Effects of earthquake.
1 .Cracks /factures develop on the ground.
2. Causes landslides which leads to sliding of rocks.
3. Sometimes the ground water changes its course. For example, wells may get water or may dry up.
4. Some areas get uplifted while some may subside.
5. Tsunamis are generated in oceans. These waves can cause great loss of life and property in the coastal
areas.
6. In snow covered areas, avalanches may occur.
7. Building collapse and loss of life and property occurs.
8. Transportation routes get disrupted.
9. Communication system collapses.

Q.6.Give geographical reasons for the following.

1. Buildings collapsed at the foothills of the Himalayas because of an earthquake. Before collapsing they
were moving forward and backward.
Ans.1. An earthquake causes damage to the building by setting up the oscillating (forward and
backward) motion of the ground.2. Because of the earthquake, the primary waves are generated.3.
These waves originate first from the centre of the earth and travel at a very fast speed in radial
direction.4. These waves generated cause the particles in the rock to move in back and forth direction.

2. Most of the volcanoes are found on the plate boundaries.

Ans.1.Plate boundaries are directly related to the areas of earthquake and volcanoes.2. Most of the
volcanoes are located are located on the plate boundaries.3.The part of the plate boundaries near the
earth’s crust keep sliding beneath the surface which causes these plates to erode.4. Due to this new
landforms take shape near plate boundaries.5.These process happen continuously near the plate
boundaries and hence most of the volcanoes are formed on the plate boundaries.

3. The Barren island is becoming conical in shape.

Ans.1. During eruption, the molten magma or the lava comes out through a pipe like vent inside the
earth’s surface.2. The lava spreads around the mouth of this vent when it comes out.3. As a result, cone
shaped mountains are formed.4. Barren Island is a central type of volcano and it is becoming conical in
shape.
Q.7. Distinguish between the following.
1. Earthquake and Volcanoes.

Earthquake
1.The movements occurring in the interior of the
Earth causes tremendous tension. This tension
Releases waves and this results in the trembling
Of the earth’s surface and earthquake occurs.
2.Earthquake can cause the ground to shake which
May cause damage of building and hurt people.
Volcanoes
1.Molten lava along with solid, liquid and gaseous
Materials are thrown out from the earth’s surface.
This process is known as volcanic eruption.
2.Volcanoes eject ash, numerous poisonous gases
And may create imbalance in the environment.

2. Slow internal movements and Sudden internal movements.

Slow internal movements Sudden internal movements
1.The movements in the interior of the earth that 1.When there is a sudden release of energy in the
are caused by the continuous and slow emission interior of the earth and waves travel speedily.
of energy are called slow internal movements. This gives rise to sudden internal movements.
2. Formation of mountains and continents. 2. Earthquake and volcanoes.

Q.8.Answer the following questions in detail.

1. Explain the types of volcanoes on the basis of periodicity of eruption with examples.
Ans .According to the periodicity of the volcanic eruptions, three types of volcanoes can be identified.
1. If the volcanic eruptions are regular even in the present times, then such volcanoes are called active
volcanoes. For example, Mt Fujiyama in Japan.
2. When a volcano has not erupted since long, but may become active suddenly it is called dormant
volcano .For example, Mt. Vesuvius in Italy.
3. Those volcanoes which have not erupted in the past since long and are not likely to erupt in the future
are called extinct volcanoes. For example Mt. Kilimanjaro in Tanzania.

2. Explain the types of volcanoes on the basis of types of eruption with examples.
Ans.1.Central-type or conical volcano- During eruption, the molten magma comes out through a pipe
like vent inside the earth’s surface. The lava spreads around the mouth of this vent when it comes out.
As a result, cone shaped mountains start forming and conical volcanic mountains are formed. Mt.
Fujiyama in Japan and Mt. Kilimanjaro in Tanzania.
2. Fissure-type volcanoes- During eruption, when the magma comes out not from a single vent but from
many cracks (fissures), it is called fissure- type volcanic eruption. The molten material coming out with
the eruption spreads on both the sides of the fissures. As a result, volcanic plateaus are formed. The
Deccan Plateau of India has also been formed due to such a type of volcanic eruption.
3. Explain the types of seismic waves.
Ans1.Primary waves or ‘P’ waves-(a) Primary waves are the first ones which reach the earth’s surface
after the energy is emitted in the earth’s interior.(b) Particles in the rock move in the direction of waves
to and fro.(c)These waves can travel through all the three states- liquid, solid and gaseous.
2.Secondary waves or ‘S’ waves-(a) The waves which reach the earth’s surface after the primary waves
are called secondary waves .(b) The particles lying in the way of these waves move up and down.(c)
These weaves can travel only through the solid medium and are more destructive than the ‘P’ waves.
3. Surface or ‘L’ waves – (a) These waves are generated after the main P and S waves reach the
epicenter. (b) They travel in the direction of the circumference of the earth along the crust. (c) They are
highly destructive.

Q.9. Show the epicenter, focus and the primary, secondary and surface waves of an earthquake with
the help of a neat labelled diagram (Page number 15 of textbook)