RESEARCH BY:

ANTONIO JULIAN B. BAQUIRIN

HISTORY OF TALL VOLCANO

INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT TAAL VOLCANO

The Taal volcano is located on a small island about 65 miles south

of Manila, the capital of the Philippines....While the Taal volcano it
is one of the world's smallest volcanoes, it is the Philippines'
second most active volcano. It has recorded at least 34 eruptions in
the past 450 years. and has produced some of its most powerful
historical eruptions. Though not topographically prominent, its
prehistorical eruptions have greatly changed the landscape of SW
Luzon. The Talisay (Taal) caldera is largely filled by Lake Taal. The
maximum depth of the lake is 160 m, and several eruptive centers
lie submerged beneath the lake. The 5-km-wide Volcano Island in
north-central Lake Taal is the location of all historical eruptions.
The island is composed of coalescing small stratovolcanoes, tuff
rings, and scoria cones that have grown about 25% in area during
historical time. Powerful pyroclastic flows and surges from
historical eruptions have caused many fatalities.

Over thirty eruptions have been recorded at Taal since the 16th
century, mostly small eruptions restricted to Volcano Island.
However, occasional violent activity has affected the entire region
with the death toll estimated at over 5000 people. Because of its
proximity to populated areas and its eruptive history, Taal Volcano
was designated a Decade Volcano.

Permanent settlement in the island is prohibited by the

government. Despite the warnings, poor families have settled on the
island, risking their lives, earning a living through tourism, fishing
and farming crops from the rich volcanic soil

The Taal Volcano itself has a lake of its own inside its crater called
"Crater Lake". It is a complex stratovolcano in the province
of Batangas, Philippines, located on an island in Taal Lake.

It is one of the active volcanoes in the Philippines and part of the

“Pacific Ring of Fire”.
 What was the worst eruption of Taal Volcano?

Then came the great 200-day eruption of 1754, Taal

Volcano's greatest recorded eruption, which lasted from May 15 to
December 12. The eruption caused the relocation of the towns of
Tanauan, Taal, Lipa and Sala. The Pansipit River was blocked,
causing the water level in the lake to risk.

When was the last recorded eruption of Taal Volcano?

Alert Level 3 (Magmatic Unrest) was raised over Taal Volcano at
8:00 AM on March 26, 2022 due to phreatomagmatic eruption of
the Main Crater between 07:22 AM and 08:59 AM that generated up
to 3,000 m-tall eruption plumes.

How many people died in Taal Volcano 2020?

Only one death was directly attributed to the explosive eruption, the
body of a person retrieved under a ~ 1.5 m-thick pyroclastic deposit
on the west coast of Taal Volcano Island (TVI). Another man who
failed to evacuate from the island is still missing 4.

How many times did Taal erupt?

Taal has erupted 33 times since 1572. The last eruption there

in January 2020 shot ash 15km (9 miles) high and spewed red-hot
lava, crushing scores of homes, killing livestock and sending more
than 135,000 people into shelters.

What damage did Taal Volcano cost?

Last time Taal Volcano erupted in early January 2020

affecting more than 736,000 people in CALABARZON (Region IV-A),
Central Luzon (Region III) and National Capital Region (NCR), and
leading to an evacuation of more than 135,000 people, damage to
infrastructure and livelihoods, and disruption of essential
services.

DEATH TOLL (1911)

The eruption of the volcano claimed a reported 1100 lives and

injured 199, although it is assumed that more perished than the
official records show. The seven barangays that existed on the
island previous to the eruption were completely wiped out. 

HOW BIG IS TAAL VOLCANO?

Taal is part of a caldera system located in southern Luzon Island
and has had historical eruptions dating back to 3,580 BCE. The
caldera is 15 x 20 km contains Lake Taal, with a depth of 160 m,
and an island that also contains a lake within the Main Crater.

RECENT ERUPTIONS OF TAAL VOLCANO

1977-1991 - SIGN OF UNREST.

2004 - An increase in seismic activity was recorded at Taal volcano

in the Philippines in November 2004, with 31 high frequency
earthquakes in seven days. Epicenter locations were in the
vicinity of Main Crater and to the NNW near Binintiang Malaki
and to the SSE near Calauit. There was an increase in water
temperature and acidity in the crater lake. Taal volcano has
been placed on Alert level 1 (out of 5) which means that there
is magmatic, tectonic or hydrothermal disturbance; but no
eruption imminent.

2006 - An increase in seismicity was recorded at Taal Volcano in

Philippines in November 2006. The earthquakes were
accompanied by rumbling sounds. Geysers of muddy water 3-
5 m high occurred in the NNE portion of the main crater. The
main crater was placed off limits because of the possibility of
explosions or gas emissions.
2008 - Seismic unrest was reported at Taal volcano in Philippines.
On 28th August, 10 earthquakes were recorded at the volcano.
Earthquakes were felt by residents of barangay Pira-piraso
village, and accompanied by rumbling sounds. The
earthquakes were located northeast of the volcano island near
Daang Kastila. An exclusion zone has been placed around the
crater. The northern portion of the Main Crater rim, near
Daang Kastila Trail, may be hazardous.

2009 - Taal volcano provides a picturesque view.

April - June 8, 2010 - the PHIVOLCS raised the volcano status

to Alert Level 2, which indicates the volcano is undergoing
magmatic intrusion, a precursor to an eruption
 PHIVOLCS raised the Alert Level for Taal to 2 because of
changes in several monitored parameters that began in late
April. The number and magnitude of volcanic earthquakes had
increased. Most signals were high-frequency earthquakes,
was low-frequency. Steam emissions from the N and NE sides
of Main Crater occasionally intensified.

In addition to increased seismicity, the temperature of the

Main Crater Lake increased. According to PHIVOLCS, the
total dissolved solids in the lake, all increased. Temperature
measurements of the main crater lake did not increase
further.
PHIVOLCS proposed that the high frequency earthquakes
could be the result of active rock fracturing associated with
magma intrusion beneath the volcano, and that the fractures
could serve as passageways through which hot gases from the
intruding magma could escape into the lake.

According to news reports, the more than 5,000 residents

living near Taal were advised to evacuate their homes
voluntarily. On 10 June, the Philippine Coast Guard sent five
teams of divers and rescue swimmers with rubber boats and
medical teams to its forward command post to help evacuate,
if necessary, these residents. A news report however,
indicated that most residents refused to leave without an
official order.

2011 (Unrest) Taal has been placed on level 2 alert in April 2011
due to an intrusion of Magma towards the surface. The
temperature of the main crater lake has increased to 31.5 deg
C. There has been a small inflation of the volcano. High levels
of carbon dioxide have been released in the main crater and
seismic activity is elevated. PHIVOLCS has advised the Main
Crater, Daang Kastila Trail and Mt. Tabaro are closed to
visitors due to the risk of explosion, and emission of toxic gas. 

The number of earthquakes recorded daily gradually

declined to background levels beginning the second week of
July 2010.

2012 -(Unrest) There was a large increase in seismic activity at

Taal volcano on 22-23 November 2012. In a 24 hour period 60
earthquakes were measured at the volcano. Two of the
earthquakes were felt by residents of Calauit and Pira-piraso.
The second felt earthquake at 7:23 pm on 22 November was
felt with an intensity of III, and was accompanied by a rumbling
sound. The earthquakes were located mostly under the north-
eastern side of the volcano island.

2019 - Alert Level 1 was raised on the volcano.

January 12, 2020 - A large eruption began at Taal volcano,

Philippines on 12 January 2020. Ash emissions reached 55,000 ft
altitude. Reports of ash falling at Alabang, and Manila metro.
Flights were cancelled at Ninoy Aquino International Airport, Manila
due to ash. Taal volcano progressed to a magmatic eruption on 13
January 2020. On the evening of 13 January 500 m high lava
fountains occurred at the volcano.

January 26, 2020. , PHIVOLCS observed an inconsistent, but

decreasing volcanic activity in Taal, prompting the agency to
downgrade its warning to Alert Level 3

February 14, 2020 - PHIVOLCS downgraded the volcano's

warning to Alert Level 2, due to consistent decreased volcanic
activity. A total of 39 people died in the eruption, mostly because
they refused to leave their homes or suffered health-related
problems during the evacuation.

February 2021 - residents from Taal Volcano Island were

preemptively evacuated due to the volcano's increasing activity.

March 9, 2021 - PHIVOLCS raised the alert level from 1 to 2.

June 2021 - the volcano's emission of sulfur dioxide gas

caused vog to appear over nearby provinces, and even Metro
Manila.

July 1, 2021 - , the volcano erupted at around 3:16 p.m, and the
alert level was raised from Alert Level 2 to Level 3

July 23, 2021 - , PHIVOLCS lowered the alert level status from

Alert Level 3 to Level 2.
January 29 – 30, 2022 - , the volcano had nine phreatomagmatic
bursts on its main crater.

March 26, 2022 - PHIVOLCS raised the volcano's alert level

status to Alert Level 3 due to a short lived-phreatomagmatic
eruption with the evacuation of around 1,100 residents around the
area and surrounding towns.

April 9, 2022 - , PHIVOLCS downgraded again the alert level

status from Level 3 to Level 2.

ACTIVE VOLCANOES IN THE PHILIPPINES

1. MOUNT BINULUAN

- (also known as Ambalatungan) is a remote volcano in

the Kalinga province of the Cordillera Administrative Region of
the Philippines. The 2,329-metre-high (7,641 ft) mountain is
part of the Cordillera Central mountain range on Luzon island,
the largest island in the country. Binuluan exhibits active
volcanism through
numerous fumarole fields, solfataras and hot springs on its
slope. There were reports of possible eruptions in 1952 and
1986 (or 1987), but they are unverified.
 2. MT. PANGASUN

Babuyan Claro Volcano,is a potentially active volcano located

on Babuyan Island, the northernmost of the Babuyan group of
islands in Luzon Strait, north of the main island of Luzon in
the Philippines. It is classified as one of the active volcanoes of the
country with the last confirmed eruption in 1860.

3. MT. BANAHAW

An active complex volcano on Luzon in the Philippines. The three-

peaked volcano is located at the boundary
of Laguna and Quezon provinces. It is the highest mountain in both
provinces and Calabarzon region, dominating the landscape for
miles around

4. MT. BILIRAN
 A solfataric active complex volcano located in the island province
of Biliran in the Philippines. The volcano caused the formation of
the island.

5. MT. BULUSAN

A  stratovolcano and it is the
southernmost volcano on Luzon Island in the Republic of
the Philippines. It is in the province of Sorsogon in the Bicol region,
70 km (43 mi) southeast of Mayon Volcano and approximately
600 km (370 mi) southeast of the Philippine capital of Manila.
It is one of the active volcanoes in the Philippines.

6. MT. CABALIAN
 An active stratovolcano located in the province of Southern
Leyte (Region VIII) in the Philippines.

7. MT. CAGUA

A stratovolcano located in the Philippine province of Cagayan. It is
one of the active volcanoes in the Philippines and has erupted twice
in recorded history. Its last eruption was in 1907.

8. MT. CAMIGUIN DE BABAYUNES

 An active stratovolcano on Camiguin Island, part of the Babuyan
Islands group that is located in Luzon Strait, north of the island
of Luzon, in the Philippines. The volcano and the island are within
the jurisdiction of the municipality of Calayan, in
the province of Cagayan. The island has a population of 5,231
people in 2020. 

9. MT. DIDICAS

An active volcanic island in the province of Cagayan in

northern Philippines. The island, which was a submarine
volcano and re-emerged from the sea in 1952, is 22 kilometres
(14 mi) NE of Camiguin Island, one of the Babuyan Islands
in Luzon Strait. Before 1952, the volcano first breached the ocean
surface in 1857.

10. MT. HIBOK-HIBOK

 (also known as Catarman Volcano) is
a stratovolcano on Camiguin Island in the Philippines.[1] It is one of
the active volcanoes in the country and part of the Pacific ring of
fire.

11. MT. IRAYA

a dormant stratovolcano on Batan Island and the highest point in

the province of Batanes, Philippines.

12. MT. IRIGA

 also known as Mount Asog, is an active stratovolcano in the
province of Camarines Sur, in the Philippines.

13. MT. ISAROG

also known as Vulcan de Agua is an active[5] stratovolcano located

in the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines, on the island
of Luzon. The mountain has active fumaroles and hot springs.

14. JOLO GROUP OF VOLCANOES

 More commonly referred to as the Jolo Group, are an
active group of volcanoes in the island of Jolo in
Southern Philippines

15. MT. KANLAON

Also known as Mount Kanlaon and Kanlaon

Volcano (Hiligaynon: Bolkang Kanglaon; Cebuano: Bolkang
Kanglaon; Filipino: Bulkang Kanlaon), is
an active stratovolcano and the highest mountain on the island
of Negros in the Philippines, as well as the highest point in
the Visayas, with an elevation of 2,465 m (8,087 ft) above sea level.
Mount Kanlaon ranks as the 42nd-highest peak on an island in the
world.

16. MT. LEONARD KNIASEFF

A stratovolcano between the municipalities of Mabini and Maco in
the province of Davao de Oro, island of Mindanao, Philippines.

17. MT. MAKATURING

A  stratovolcano on Mindanao island in the Philippines. It is found

in the province of Lanao del Sur (particularly in the town of Butig)
in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao.
Makaturing has an elevation of 1,940 metres (6,365 ft) and a base
diameter of 29 km (18 mi). It is part of a string of volcanoes called
the Central Mindanao Arc.

18. MT. MATUTUM

An active stratovolcano, approximately 5.7 kilometres (3.5 mi) from
Acmonan, Tupi, South Cotabato, Philippines.[3][4] Matutum and its
foothills are predominantly inhabited by indigenous Blaan families.

19. MT. MAYON

Mayon (Central Bikol: Bulkan Mayon; Tagalog: Bulkang

Mayon, IPA: [mɐjɔn]), also known as Mount Mayon and Mayon
Volcano (Spanish: Monte Mayón, Volcán Mayón),[4] is an
active stratovolcano in the province of Albay in Bicol Region, on the
island of Luzon in the Philippines. A popular tourist spot, it is
renowned for its "perfect cone" because of its symmetric conical
shape, and is regarded as very sacred in Philippine mythology.
 20. MT. MELEBINGOY

formerly called by colonizers as Parker, is a potentially

active stratovolcano on Mindanao island in the Philippines (6°06.8'
N, 124°53.5' E). It is located in the province of South Cotabato, 30
kilometres (19 mi) west of General Santos City and 44 kilometres
(27 mi) south of Koronadal City.

21. MT. MUSUAN

also known as Mount Calayo (/kəˈlɑːjoʊ/, literally "Fire Mountain")

is an active volcano in Maramag, Bukidnon, on the island
of Mindanao in the Philippines. It is 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi) south of
the city of Valencia, province of Bukidnon, and 81 kilometres
(50 mi) southeast of Cagayan de Oro City.

22. MT. PINATUBO

 An active stratovolcano in the Zambales Mountains, located on
the tripoint boundary of the Philippine
provinces of Zambales, Tarlac and Pampanga, all in Central
Luzon on the northern island of Luzon.[4][5] Its eruptive history was
unknown to most before the pre-eruption volcanic activity of early
1991. Pinatubo was heavily eroded and obscured from view by
dense forests which supported a population of several thousand
indigenous Aetas.

23. MT. RAGANG

Mount Ragang, also called Mount Piapayungan and Blue

Mountain by the local people, is an
active stratovolcano on Mindanao island in the Philippines. With an
elevation of 2,815 metres (9,236 ft), it is the seventh highest
mountain in the Philippines and the highest point in Lanao del Sur.
 24. MT. BABUYAN

is a cinder cone on Babuyan Island, the northernmost of

the Babuyan group of islands on Luzon Strait, north of the main
island of Luzon in the Philippines. The mountain is one of the active
volcanoes in the Philippines, which last erupted in 1924.

25. MT. TAAL

A large caldera filled by Taal Lake in the Philippines.[1] Located in

the province of Batangas, the volcano is second of the most active
volcanoes in the country, with 38 recorded historical eruptions, all
of which were concentrated on Volcano Island, near the middle
of Taal Lake.[3] The caldera was formed by prehistoric eruptions
between 140,000 and 5,380 BP.[4][5]
……………………. THANK YOU 