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mlobi Alkpbgl ab Crolm^ bk s^oflp mrbpqlp ^kqbp ab `lksboqfopb bk bi mofjbo Qb`obq^ofl Ebkbo^i abi Gkpqfqrql `l
Gkqbok^`flk^i ab Bbob`elp Frj^klp bk Cpqo^p_rodl* bkqob /747 v /76.,Ro^_^gÉ `ljl Bfob`qlo ab i^ Qb``fÉk \
ab Bbob`elp Frj^klp v N^w ab i^ SLCQAM v mlpqboflojbkqb `ljl ^pbplo ibd^i ab af`el lod^kfpjl v ab i^ \
Mod^kfw^`fÉk Krkaf^i abiRrofpjl, Ck /757crbbi mofjbolbk molmlkbork^ afsfpfÉk ab ilpabob`elp erj^klp M
bkqobpdbkbo^`flkbp* fkpmfo^albk ilpfab^ibpabi^ obslir`fÉkco^k`bp^8if_boq^a*fdr^ia^a*co^qbokfa^a,&Drbkqb8 O
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N o l q b ` ` f É k a b i ^ m b o p l k ^ e r j ^ k ^ bk bi C p q ^ a l ab B b o b ` e l 0.3
â Bbob`el ^ rk jbafl ^j _fbkqb ifj mfl v Cumobp^jbkqb bk`lkqo^j lp nrb bk krbpqol
Émqfj l, m^Åp i^ molqb``fÉk ab i^ mboplk^ erj^k^ abp+
â Jlpabob`elp`lkl`falp`ljlabob`elpabi ab bi loabk^j fbkql ibd^i pb a^ ^ m^oqfo ab i^
`lkprjfalo, Alkpqfqr`fÉk abi ^Çl /757,Ll l_pq^kqb*v^ bk
â Bbob`el^iabp^ooliilnrbmbojfq^rk^sfa^ i^Alkpqfqr`fÉkabi^Çl /711bk`lkqo^jlpnrb
afdk^, i^ jfpj^a^^idrk^pd^o^kqÅ^pbkobpdr^oalab
Ô ÁĖĬĖĒĜÎ ÊĦ ĦĞËĬĖ ĔĖİÊĬĬÎĦĦÎ ĔĖ ĦÊ ÏĖĬİÎÌÊĦĞĔÊĔÑ ĦÊİØǼĞËĖĬĮÊĔĖİ ĔĖ ĒÎÌĒĞĖÌĒĞÊ L ĒĬĖĖÌĒĞÊN ÏĬĖÌİÊN
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e^vrkfcf`^`fÉkab`lk`bmqlp*a^alnrb^idrklp ibvklj^ka^*kffj mbafalabe^`boilnrbbii^
ab Äpqlp pboÅ^k `lkqo^oflp ^ i^ molqb``fÉk nrb kl moleÅ_b /5, Nbol i^ Alkpqfqr`fÉk ab /711 kl
lqlod^k ilpabob`elpab Nofjbo^ Ebkbo^`fÉk+ molqbdÅ^fkqbdo^ivrkfq^of^jbkqb^ipboerj^kl,
mlpf`fÉknrbvlq^j_fÄk`lj m^oql+lklpboÅ^k Cpab`fo* klpb ab`i^o^_^nrbbi pboerj^klbp
j~pnrbrk^abofs^`fÉk abilpabob`elpab i^p bi `bkqol ab i^ pl`fba^a vbicfk prmobjl ab i^
Pbsfpq^ b a fq^ a ^ m l o ^ ir j k l p ab i^ D^`riq^a ab B b ob ` e l ab i^ S k fs b op fa ^ a ab Jfj^
qobpdbkbo^`flkbp^kqbppbÇ^i^a^p,?pÅmlabjlp jfpj^*`ljlpÅile^`bi^Alkpqfqr`fÉkabi^Çl
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sbkaoÅ^ ^ ilpabob`elpab Nofjbo^ Ebkbo^`fÉk*
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cÅpf`^nrbqfbkbkqlalpilppbobperj^klp, `fÉkab/757iibs^mloklj_ob BbilpBbob`elp
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nrb rk^ abofs^`fÉk abi abob`el^ i^ sfa^ v^ i^ obpmbq^oi^vmolqbdboi^ ,
fkqbdofa^a mboplk^i,
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`boo^al, Alkpfabol nrb ilp Bbob`elp Frj^klp `^pf ifj fq~kalpb ^ e^`bork^ bkrjbo^`fÉk ab
qfbkbknrbprgbq^opb^ilpmofk`fmflpabiBbob`el ilp Bbob`elp Frj^klp ab Nofjbo^* Qbdrka^
L^qro^i*bpab`foqla^mboplk^^anrfbobbpqlpab+ v Rbo`bo^ E bkbo^`fÉk* ^rknrb bk bpbk`f^
ob`elpabpabpr `lk`bm`fÉk*pfbkal fkebobkqbp `lkpbos^ bk bpqb mrkqlbi bpmÅofqr ab i^ A^oq^
vcrka^jbkq^ibpbk i^afdkfa^a abi^ mboplk^v K^dk^ ab /757,
kfkdÑkloabk^jfbkqlmlpfqfslmrbabfobk`lkqo^
abbiilp,Nloilq^kql*i^obdri^`fÉkmlpfqfs^abilp T, AMLQGBCP?AGMLCQDGL?JCQ
Bbob`elpFrj^klpab_bqbkbobk`rbkq^bpqlp
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klp`lklw`^jlp`r~ibpplkkrbpqolpabob`elp
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24A;32?@> ŦUŪ
CLLSCQRPMMPBCL?KGCLRM bgbo`boilpabj^kbo^mibk^vpbo`lkp`fbkqbpab
AMLQRGRSAGML?J krbpqo^pl_ifd^`flkbp`lk i^ pl`fba^a,
/5, DCPL?LBCXQCQQ?PCEM*A^oilp,Ji*\bm*(m,62
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^ ilp `fra^a^klp i^p d^o^kqÅ^p jÅkfj^p m^o^ fkafpmbkp^_ib m^o^ ildo^o rk^ pl`fba^a j~p
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