Present tenses

Present tenses
The present
The present simple
simple and
and the
the present
present continuous
continuous tenses
tenses are are the
the most
most common
common ways ways
of expressing present time in English. The present simple describes things that
of expressing present time in English. The present simple describes things that are
are
generally true,
generally true, while
while the
the present
present continuous
continuous describes
describes thingsthings that
that are
are true
true at at the
the time
time
of speaking,
of speaking, but
but which
which maymay change.
change. This
This unit
unit looks
looks at at the
the present
present time
time uses
uses of of these
these
two tenses.
two tenses. They
They can
can also
also express
express future
future time
time ((».... Unit
Unit 4)
4) and
and past
past time
time (lilt-
(» 1.11.1E, 1.2E).
E, 1.2E).

PRESENT SIMPLE
PRESENT SIMPLE
1.1A
lolA The form
The form ofof the
the present
present simple
simple verb
verb only
only changes
changes afterafter he,
fe, she
she or or it,
it, when
when we we addadd -s
-s to
to
Form
Form the base
the base form
form (-es(-es after
after 0,
o, s,
s, sh,
sh, chch and
and X;x; -ies
-ies when
when the the base
base form form endsends in
in -y):
-y):
I| read
read --.
— hehe reads;
reads; wewe watch
watch --.— sheshe watches;
watches; they they carry
carry --.
— it it carries
carries
* Carina
)( Carina-enjoy-hespital-dramas-se-she-wateh—ER—every-week-
eRjoy hospital dramas so she watch 'ER' every week.
’ Carina
V' Carina enjoys
enjoys hospital
hospital dramas
dramas so so she
she watches
watches 'ER' ‘ER’ every
every week.week.
We form
We form the
the negative
negative andand questions
questions with with the
the auxiliary
auxiliary do do (lilt-
(% 6.16.1A, 7.1A).
A, 7.1 In the
A). In the
negative we
negative we usually
usually use
use the
the contracted
contracted forms forms don't
don’t and
and doesn't
doesn’t in in speech
speech andand informal
informal
writing:
writing:
Japanese cooking
Japanese cooking doesn't
doesn’t useuse a a lot
lot of
of dairy
dairy food.
food.
Do interest
Do interest rates
rates usually
usually go go upup inin order
order to to reduce
reduce inflation?
inflation?

1.1B
1.1B We often
We often use
use the
the present
present simple
simple to to state
state truths
truths and
and to
to describe
describe things
things which
which we
we feel
feel
General truths
General truths are facts
are facts or
or permanent
permanent situations:
situations:
and facts
and facts •¢ Things
Things which
which are
are generally
generally true:
true:
British people
British people drink
drink aa lot
lot of
of tea,
tea, while
while Americans
Americans drink
drink more
more coffee.
coffee.
•* Facts:
Facts: Broken
Broken bones
bones inin adults
adults don't
don’t heal
heal asas fast
fast as
as they
they do
do inin children.
children.
•* Permanent
Permanent situations:
situations: A A colony
colony of of Antarctic
Antarctic penguins
penguins lives
lives in
in Marwell
Marwell Zoo.Zoo.

1.1C€C
1.1 We use
We use the
the present
present simple
simple toto describe
describe things
things that
that happen
happen on on aa regular
regular basis: basis:
Repeated
Repeated As temperatures
As temperatures fall fall with
with the
the approach
approach of of winter,
winter, the
the soil
soil freezes
freezes and and contracts
contracts ......
events/actions
events/actions The Blairs
The Blairs take
take their
their summer
summer holiday
holiday in in aa quiet
quiet part
part of
of Tuscany.
Tuscany.
We often
We often use
use the
the present
present simple
simple with
with adverbs
adverbs of of frequency
frequency (always,
(always, usually,
usually, often,
often,
sometimes, never)
sometimes, never) and
and expressions
expressions of of frequency
frequency (every
(every ...
..., , once
once aa ...
...):):
Share prices
Share prices usually
usually change
change on on aa daily
daily basis
basis -- but
but often
often by by very
very little.
little.
Our two
Our two chefs
chefs provide
provide an an excellent
excellent choice
choice ofof hot
hot meals
meals every
every day.
day.

1.1D
1.10 We use
We use the
the present
present simple
simple toto describe
describe a a series
series of
of events
events or or actions
actions (e.g.
(e.g. to
to give
give
Series of
Series of directions or
directions or instructions)
instructions) often
often with
with impersonal
impersonal you:you:
events/actions
events/actions From here
From here you
you cross
cross the
the road,
road, go
go through
through an an iron
iron gate
gate andand follow
follow thethe path
path west
west ...
...
This is
This is similar
similar toto the
the imperative,
imperative, butbut the
the imperative
imperative can can sound
sound moremore abrupt:
abrupt:
Cross the
Cross the road,
road, gogo through
through an an iron
iron gate
gate and
and follow
follow thethe path
path west
west ...
...
We use
We use the
the present
present simple
simple when
when we we want
want toto express
express the the immediacy
immediacy of of an
an event,
event, e.g.
e.g. inin
sports commentaries,
sports commentaries, particularly
particularly when
when the
the action
action being
being described
described is is a a quick
quick one
one and
and is is
therefore over
therefore over before
before the
the description
description finishes:
finishes:
France kicks
France kicks off,
off, Zidane
Zidane passes
passes to to Henry,
Henry, Henry
Henry cuts
cuts inside
inside ...
...

46
46
 1.1EE
1.1 If we
If we wishwish toto give
give the
the events
events of of aa past
past narrative
narrative or or an
an anecdote
anecdote more more immediacy,
immediacy, we we
Other uses
Other uses can use
can use the
the present
présent simple,
simple, especially
especially in in speech
speech (compare
(compare ~ » 1.2E):
1.2E):
There’s an
There's an old
old woman
woman with with thick
thick glasses
glasses and and a a name
name tag.tag. I| go
go upup to
to her
her and
and ask
ask ......
Newspaper headlines
Newspaper headlines oftenoften use
use the
the present
present simple
simple to to express
express a a past
past event,
event, which
which again
again
gives more
gives more immediacy
immediacy to to the
the event:
event:
Addicted Chaplin
Addicted Chaplin star
star gets
gets three
three years
years forfor new
new drugs
drugs lapse.
lapse.
We use
We use the
the present
present simple
simple in in formal
formal speech
speech or or writing
writing for for certain
certain actions:
actions:
I| note
note that
that you
you referred
referred to to the
the National
National Curriculum
Curriculum in in your
your speech
speech ......
I| look
look forward
forward to to receiving
receiving a a prompt
prompt replyreply toto mymy enquiry.
enquiry.
We can
We can use
use the
the present
present simple
simple to to talk
talk about
about fixed
fixed events
events in in the
the future
future (~4.4A)
(» 4.4A) or or to
to
express the
express the future
future after
after conjunctions
conjunctions of of time,
time, e.g.
e.g. when,
when, after,
after, asas soon
soon as as (jIJ>
(» 4.4D)
4.4D). .

..:lEI PRESENT CONTINUOUS

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
1.2A
1.2A We form
We form the
the present
present continuous
continuous with with thethe present
present of of the
the verb
verb bebe and
and the
the present
present
Form
Form participle of
participle of the
the main
main verb:verb:
‘What are
'What are the
the children
children doing?'
doing?’
We usually
We usually contract
contract is is oror are
are to'sto ’s oror 're
’re in
in speech
speech and and informal
informal writing:
writing:
‘Well, Alan's
'Well, Alan’s drawing
drawing in in his
his room
room and and Sophie's
Sophie’s watching
watching TV TV with
with me.'
me.’
Note the
Note the following
following spelling
spelling rules rules for
for forming
forming the the present
present participle:
participle:
•* Base
Base form
form + + -ing:
-ing: draw
draw --4 — drawing,
drawing, watch watch --4 — watching,
watching, speakspeak --4— speaking
speaking
•* Base
Base form
form ending
ending in in -e
-e + + -ing:
-ing: take
take --4 — taking,
taking, receive
receive --4— receiving;
receiving; create
create --4
— creating
creating
•* Base
Base form
form + + consonant
consonant + + -ing:
-ing: swim
swim --4 — swimming,
swimming, run run --4
> running
running
(For past,
(For past, future
future andand perfect
perfect continuous
continuous forms forms ~ ® 2.2,
2.2, 2.4,
2.4, 3.3,
3.3, 4.1
4.1C, 4.3B, 4.4C.)
C, 4.3B, 4.4C.)
o
@ We We often
often omit
omit thethe pronoun
pronoun and and auxiliary
auxiliary (is (is or
or are)
are) when
when we we repeat
repeat thethe present
present
continuous in
continuous in the
the same
same sentence:
sentence:
James and
James and Sally
Sally areare spending
spending the the evening
evening together,
together, watching
watching a a new
new video.
video.
For information
For information on on ellipsis
ellipsis ~ » 35.3A,
35.3A, B. B.

1.2B
1.2B The present
The present continuous
continuous describesdescribes an an action
action in in progress
progress at at the
the moment
moment of of speaking
speaking oror
Things which
Things which around the
around the time
time of of speaking.
speaking. The The action
action is is likely
likely to to continue
continue after after the
the time
time ofof speaking,
speaking,
are true
are true now
now but is
but is likely
likely toto stop
stop at at some
some point,
point, i.e. i.e. it
it is
is temporary:
temporary:
I'll be
I'll be with
with youyou in in a a minute.
minute. I'm I’m just finishing something
just finishing something in in the
the kitchen.
kitchen.
We are
We are staying
staying with with John
John to to trytry and
and find
find out out if if his
his place
place really
really is is haunted.
haunted.
Common adverbs
Common adverbs with with thisthis form
form are are now,
now, just, still and
just, still and at at the
the moment:
moment:
We’re studying
We're studying the the writings
writings of of Ganter
Gunter GrassGrass on on thethe German
German course course now.
now.
We use
We use live,
live, work,
work, study
study and and stay
stay in in the continuous if
the continuous if the
the action
action is is temporary:
temporary:
X She stays in the WatdorfAstoria on this visit to New York, doesn't she?
¥ She's
V She’s staying
staying in in the
the Waldorf
Waldorf AstoriaAstoria on on this
this visit
visit toto New
New York, isn't she?
York, isn't she?
Compare: She
Compare: She always
always stays stays in in the
the Waldorf
Waldorf Astoria
Astoria on on visits
visits to to New
New York.
York. (~( 1.11.1C)C)
o
@ An
An exception
exception to to the
the use use of
of the
the present
present continuous
continuous to to describe
describe actions
actions in in progress
progress is is
Here comes
Here comes and and There
There goes,goes, which
which are are always
always in in the
the present
present simple:
simple:
X Here
X Here-is-coming-the-postman—_there-is-going-the-last-bus-
is coming the postman. There-is-going the tast bus.
Here comes
V Here comes the the postman.
postman. There There goes goes the the lastlast bus.
bus.
Note the
Note the inversion
inversion of of the
the verb
verb and and subject
subject in in these
these phrases.
phrases.
We also
We also use
use thethe present
present continuous
continuous to to describe
describe things things which which are are changing:
changing:
British summers
British summers are are getting
getting hotter
hotter and and winters
winters are are getting
getting wetter.
wetter.
We do
We do not
not use
use thethe present
present simple
simple to to express
express this: this:
X British
X British-summers-get-hotter-and-winters-get_wetter.
summers get hotter and winters get wetteFc
The present
The present simple
simple describes
describes a a regular
regular eventevent which which we we see see as as unchanging:
unchanging:
We get
We get a a lot
lot of
of rain
rain during
during the the winter
winter in in this
this part
part of of the
the world.
world.

47
47
 1.2C
1.2C It is
It is possible
possible to to use
use the
the present
present continuous
continuous to to talk
talk about
about repeated
repeated events
events or or actions,
actions,
Repeated
Repeated usually if
usually if they
they happen
happen within
within a a temporary
temporary period: period:
events
events I’m feeding
I'm feeding the the neighbour's
neighbour’s cat cat this
this week
week while
while she's
she’s in in hospital.
hospital.
Compare this
Compare this with
with the
the use
use ofof the
the present
present simple
simple for for repeated
repeated actions
actions (~ (» 1.1
1.1C):
C):
Graham's a
Graham's a confirmed
confirmed smoker.
smoker. He He smokes
smokes about about fifty
fifty cigarettes
cigarettes a a day.
day.
(repeated action
(repeated action over
over a a long
long period
period of of time,
time, possibly
possibly most most of of Graham's
Graham’s life)life)
Graham’s having
Graham's having a a tough
tough time
time atat the
the office
office at at the
the moment
moment and and he's
he’s smoking
smoking aboutabout
fifty cigarettes
fifty cigarettes a a day!
day! (repeated
(repeated action
action in in aa temporary
temporary period) period)
We can
We can useuse the
the present
present continuous
continuous with with an an adverb
adverb such such as as always,
always, forever
forever or or
continually to
continually to talk
talk about
about repeated
repeated actions
actions that that happen
happen very very often,
often, perhaps
perhaps too too often
often as
as
far as
far as the
the speaker
speaker is is concerned:
concerned:
The baby's
The baby’s always
always making
making cute cute little
little gurgling
gurgling noises.
noises.
The neighbours
The neighbours are are forever
forever slamming
slamming doors doors and and shouting
shouting during
during thethe night.
night.
I’m always
I'm always forgetting
forgetting people's
people's birthdays.
birthdays. It's It’s so
so annoying.
annoying.
1.2D
1.2D You may
You may hear
hear the
the present
present continuous
continuous usedused inin sports
sports commentaries,
commentaries, whenwhen thethe action
action is
is
Series of
Series of in progress
in progress throughout
throughout thethe time
time ofof speaking:
speaking:
events
events They’re now
They're now entering
entering the
the back
back straight
straight and
and EIEl Garrouj
Garrouj is
is starting
starting toto pull
pull away
away ...
...
((... and he
... and he crosses
crosses the
the line
line two
two seconds
seconds ahead
ahead ofof his
his closest
closest rival
rival ...
... ~
» 1.1
1.1D)
D)

1.2E
1.2E We can
We can use
use the
the present
present continuous
continuous withwith the
the present
present simple
simple toto give
give more
more immediacy
immediacy to to
Other uses
Other uses a past
a past narrative.
narrative. WeWe useuse the
the continuous
continuous for for actions
actions which
which form
form a a background,
background, i.e. i.e. they
they
started before
started before the
the actions
actions within
within the
the narrative:
narrative:
There’s an
There's an old
old woman
woman withwith thick
thick glasses
glasses who's
who’s serving
serving the
the hot
hot drinks,
drinks, so
so II go
go upup to
to
her and
her and ask
ask ...
... (She
(She started
started serving
serving before
before the
the action
action of
of the
the narrative.)
narrative.)
The present
The present continuous
continuous can can also
also express
express arrangements
arrangements in in the
the future
future (~4.3A).
(% 4.3A).

VERBS RARELY
VERBS RARELY USED
USED IN
IN THE
THE CONTINUOUS
CONTINUOUS
1.3A
1.3A There are
There are aa number
number of of verbs
verbs in
in English
English which
which we
we rarely
rarely use
use in
in a
a continuous
continuous tense.
tense. They
They
Verbs of
Verbs of often describe
often describe states
states ofof being,
being, thinking,
thinking, possessing
possessing oror feeling:
feeling:
believing,
believing, * Most
X Mest-peepie-aren‘t_believing-in_the-existence-of
people aren't believing in the existence of UFOs- UFOs.
having,
having, Most people
v Most people don't
don’t believe
believe in
in the
the existence
existence of
of UFOs.
UFOs.
liking, etc.
liking, etc. The most
The most common
common of of these
these verbs
verbs are:
are:
verbs of
verbs of existing
existing or
or being
being be, consist
be, consist of,
of, contain,
contain, exist
exist
verbs of
verbs of possessing
possessing belong to,
belong to, have
have (=
(= own),
own), include,
include, lack,
lack, own,
own, possess
possess
verbs of
verbs of feeling
feeling or
or wanting
wanting adore, desire,
adore, desire, despise,
despise, detest,
detest, dislike,
dislike, envy,
envy, hate,
hate, like,
like,
love, need,
love, need, pity,
pity, prefer,
prefer, trust,
trust, want,
want, wish
wish
verbs of
verbs of thinking
thinking or
or believing
believing believe, doubt,
believe, doubt, expect,
expect, feel
feel (=
(= think),
think), forget,
forget, imagine,
imagine,
intend, know,
intend, know, realise,
realise, recognise,
recognise, remember,
remember, seesee
(= understand),
(= understand), suppose,
suppose, think,
think, understand
understand
verbs of
verbs of appearance
appearance appear, resemble,
appear, resemble, seem
seem
other verbs
other verbs concern, depend,
concern, depend, deserve,
deserve, fit,
fit, matter,
matter, measure,
measure, mean,
mean,
mind, weigh
mind, weigh

1.3B
1.38 It is
It is possible
possible toto use
use many
many of of the
the verbs
verbs inin 1.3A
1.3A in
in the
the continuous,
continuous, but but the
the verb
verb either
either
Using these
Using these has a
has a different
different meaning
meaning or or expresses
expresses a a temporary
temporary action:
action:
verbs in
verbs in the
the ‘Is Maria
'Is Maria ready
ready yet?'
yet?’ 'No,
‘No, she's
she’s having
having a a shower.'
shower.’ (= (= is
is taking)
taking)
continuous
continuous Now that
Now that there's
there’s electricity
electricity in
in the
the village,
village, Santos
Santos is is thinking
thinking ofof getting
getting his
his house
house
connected. (=
connected. (= is
is considering)

48
 This table
This table shows
shows some
some of
of the
the common
common differences
differences in
in use:
use:

verb
verb use pres~nt simple
use'inin presént simple use in
use in present
present continuous
continuous
be
be Your son
Your son isis a
a very
very obedient
obedient Your son
Your son is
is being
being very
very obedient
obedient at
at the
the
child, isn't
child, isn’t he?
he? moment. (=
moment. (= is
is behaving
behaving obediently)
obediently)
have
have They're very
They're very rich.
rich. They
They have
have I’m having
I'm having aa really
really good
good time,
time, thanks.
thanks.
three homes
three homes and
and a a yacht.
yacht. (= am
(= am experiencing)
experiencing)
think
think I| think
think that
that the
the world's
world’s I’m thinking
I'm thinking of
of contributing
contributing to
to Oxfam.
Oxfam.
problems
problems areare getting
getting worse.
worse. (= am
(= am considering)
considering)
mean
mean The sign
The sign means
means 'slow
‘slow down'.
down’. You’re always
You're always meaning
meaning toto call
call us,
us, but
but you
you
never do.
never do. (=
(= are
are intending)
intending)
appear
appear It appears
It appears the
the police have
police have The Philharmonic
The Philharmonic are
are appearing
appearing at
at the
the
not started
not started the
the investigation.
investigation. Palladium. (=
Palladium. (= are
are performing)
performing)
weigh
weigh She weighs
She weighs 70
70 kilos.
kilos. !’m weighing
I'm weighing the
the ingredients
ingredients for
for the
the cake.
cake.
(= action
(= action of
of weighing)
weighing)
o@ Some
Some verbs
verbs of
of feeling
feeling can
can be
be used
used in
in both
both the
the simple
simple and
and the
the continuous
continuous with
with no
no
change in
change in meaning:
meaning:
My wrist
My wrist hurts/is
hurts/is hurting
hurting again
again -I
- | must
must gogo to
to the
the physiotherapist.
physiotherapist.
I| think
think those
those mussels
mussels may
may have
have been
been off.
off. Do
Do you
you feel/Are
feel/Are you feeling OK
you feeling OK today?
today?
1.3C
1.3C We do
We do notnot usually
usually use use thethe continuous
continuous form form with verbs which
with verbs which describe
describe a a sense
sense or
or aa form
form
Sense verbs
Sense verbs of perception,
of perception, e.g. e.g. hear,
hear, notice, notice, see, see, smell,
smell, taste:
taste:
»
J{ I'm noticing that your wife doesn't come to the wine tastings. Doesn't she drinli?
y I| notice
notice that
that your
your wifewife doesn't doesn’t come
come to to thethe winewine tastings.
tastings. Doesn't
Doesn't she she drink?
drink?
With verbs
With verbs which
which describe
describe a a sense,
sense, we usually use
we usually use the
the simple
simple form
form or or can/could
can/could + + the
the
verb when
verb when we we dodo notnot deliberately
deliberately use use thethe sense,
sense, i.e. i.e. thethe use
use is
is involuntary:
involuntary:
Can you
Can smell the
you smell the fertiliser?
fertiliser? We're We’re really
really in in the
the countryside
countryside now! now!
With smell
With sme/l andand taste,
taste, we we can can useuse the
the continuous
continuous for for a a deliberate
deliberate action:
action:
I| (can)
(can) taste
taste cream
cream in in this. this. (there
(there is is cream
cream in in the
the dish;
dish; involuntary
involuntary action)
action)
I’m tasting
I'm tasting thethe cream.
cream. (the (the cream
cream mightmight be be off;
off; intentional
intentional action)
action)
o
@O We
We usually
usually use
use thethe verbs
verbs see see andand hear
hear onlyonly in in the
the involuntary
involuntary sense,sense, unless
unless they
they
have a
have a different
different meaning,
meaning, e.g. e.g. I'm
/’m seeing
seeing a a newnew man man at at present
present (= (= going
going out
out with).
with).
We use
We use look
/ook at,
at, watch
watch or or listen listen toto for
for anan intentional
intentional action: action:
J{ Can a 9 you
9
OU p05 p the
keep tho noise
nmoicg0 doy
down?
GOW hee Gi
I'm hearing ne)G theho afternoon
Gafternoaonola play.
p

¥y Can
Can you keep the
you keep the noise
noise down? down? I'm I’m listening
listening to to the
the afternoon
afternoon play.play.
1.3D
1.3D We use
We use performative
performative verbs verbs in in the
the first
first person
person actually
actually to to perform
perform an an action,
action, i.e.
i.e. saying
saying
Performative
Performative I! apologise
apologise performs
performs the the action
action of of apologising:
apologising:
verbs
verbs On behalf
On behalf of of the
the company,
company, I| apologise
apologise for for any
any inconvenience
inconvenience caused.
caused.
When these
When these verbs
verbs 'perform'
‘perform’ the the function
function they they express,
express, they
they dodo not
not usually
usually take
take the
the
continuous:
continuous:
Railtrack apologises
Railtrack apologises for for the
the disruption
disruption to to services
services over
over the
the last
last three
three months.
months.
By saying
By saying this,
this, the
the function
function of of apologising
apologising is is performed.
performed. However,
However, if if we
we use
use the
the verb
verb to
to
describe the
describe the action
action rather
rather than
than to to do
do it,it, we can use
we can use the
the continuous:
continuous:
The Railtrack
The Railtrack chief
chief executive
executive was was apologising
apologising profusely
profusely forfor the
the inconvenience.
inconvenience.
Common performative
Common performative verbs verbs are:are: accept,
accept, agree,
agree, apologise,
apologise, congratulate,
congratulate, dec/are,
declare, deny,
deny,
disagree, forbid,
disagree, forbid, forgive,
forgive, guarantee,
guarantee, insist, insist, invite,
invite, order,
order, predict,
predict, promise, recommend,
promise, recommend,
refuse, request,
refuse, request, suggest,
suggest, thank,
thank, warn.
warn.

» Pages
iii> Pages 70
70 and
and 71
71 for
for Round
Round up
up of
of present
present and
and past
past tenses
tenses

49
49
 5
Read each
Read each pair
pair of
of sentences
sentences below,
below, A A and
and B.
B. The
The sentence
sentence which
which follows
follows each
each pair
pair is
is related
related to
to
one of
one of the
the sentences
sentences inin the
the pair.
pair. (For
(For example,
example, itit could
could come
come after
after the
the sentence
sentence oror describe
describe the
the
sentence.) Write
sentence.) Write the
the letter
letter of
of the
the correct
correct sentence
sentence in in the
the box.
box.
o0 AASteven’s a
Steven's a difficult
difficult child.
child.
B Steven's
B Steven’s being
being difficult.
difficult.
He isn't
He isn’t usually
usually difficult.
difficult.
1 A
A This
This salmon
salmon weighs
weighs more
more than
than six
six kilos.
kilos.
B We’re weighing the salmon to put a price
B We're weighing the salmon to put a price on
on it.
it.
This is
This is a
a characteristic
characteristic of
of the
the salmon.
salmon. D
L]
2 A
2 A Ilinvite everyone present
invite everyone present to to the
the opening
opening ofof the
the new
new superstore.
superstore.
B I'm
B I’m inviting
inviting everyone
everyone toto the
the opening
opening of of the
the new
new superstore.
superstore.
I’m offering
I'm offering this
this invitation
invitation to
to you
you now.
now. D
C
3 A
3 A The
The dance
dance group
group appears
appears to to have
have arrived
arrived at
at the
the theatre.
theatre.
B The
B The dance
dance group
group is
is appearing
appearing at at the
the theatre.
theatre.
There are
There are performances
performances everyevery evening.
evening. D
L
4 A
4 A Mmm.
Mmm. I| taste
taste cinnamon
cinnamon in in this.
this. Lovely.
Lovely.
B I'm
B I’m tasting
tasting it
it to
to see
see ifif there's
there’s enough
enough cinnamon
cinnamon inin it.
it.
I| need
need to to check
check the
the quantity
quantity of
of cinnamon.
cinnamon. D
L]
5 A
5 A II think
think house
house prices
prices will
will rise
rise again
again next
next year.
year.
B I'm
B 1’m thinking
thinking of
of selling
selling mymy house
house next
next year.
year.
This is
This is my
my opinion.
opinion, ; D
CL]
6 A
6 A My
My sister
sister has
has aa baby.
baby.
B My
B My sister's
sister’s having
having a a baby.
baby. ;
My sister's
My sister’s pregnant.
pregnant. D
LO
7 A
7 A I| smell
smell lavender.
lavender. Is
is there
there aa bush
bush in
in the
the garden?
garden?
B I'm
B I’m smelling
smelling the
the lavender.
lavender. It's
It’s a
a very
very strong
strong variety.
variety.
The smell
The smell has
has just come to
just come to my
my attention.
attention. D
L]

8 A
8 A He's
He’s having
having aa shower.
shower.
B He
B He has
has aa fantastic
fantastic power
power shower
shower in
in the
the main
main bathroom.
bathroom.
Why don’t you wait in the living room?
Why don't you wait in the living room? D
Cc
9 A
9 A We
We guarantee that
guarantee that your
your children
children will
will be
be supervised
supervised by by experienced
experienced instructors.
instructors.
B My
B My husband and | are guaranteeing the loan for Mrs Knight.
husband and I are guaranteeing the loan for Mrs Knight.
The company
The company takes
takes full
full responsibility.
responsibility. D
LJ
10 A Is
lOA Is this
this an
an inadequate
inadequate explanation
explanation or
or am
am I1 being
being stupid?
stupid?
B I'm
B I’m sorry,
sorry, I| don't
don’t understand.
understand. AmAm II really
really so
so stupid?
stupid?
Is this
Is this a
a permanent
permanent characteristic
characteristic of
of mine?
mine? D
C]

52
52
6 ALL ~c

in about
In about half
half of
of the
the lines
lines of
of the
the following
following text
text there
there is
is an
an error
error in
in the
the use
use of
of the
the present
present forms.
forms.
For each
For each numbered
numbered line
line (1-22),
(1-22), underline
underline the
the error
error and
and write
write the
the correct
correct form.
form. Some
Some lines
lines are
are
correct. Indicate
correct. Indicate these
these with
with aa tick
tick (V).
(“). The
The exercise
exercise begins
begins with
with two
two examples
examples (0(0 and
and 00).
00).

o Every
Every year
year more
more and
and more
more tourists
tourists are
are visiting
visiting the
the Ionian
lonian Islands,
Islands, and
and most
most are
are ..............
.............. ~
Woe
............. .
Oo

enchanted by
00 enchanted by these
these lush
lush green
green islands
islands inin aa turquoise
turquoise sea.
sea. Many
Many now
now think
think .. ar.~lW.w:.~.
oS
Oo

about the
1 about the possibility
possibility of
of owning
owning property
property in in this
this warm,
warm, unspoilt
unspoilt corner
corner of
of
OoaPRWN

Europe. Appeals the idea to you? Ifso, read ont

2 Europe. Appeals the idea to you? If so, read on! idedeteeeetereteaeeeerenens
Imagine yourself
3 Imagine yourself standing
standing on
on aa wide
wide terrace
terrace high
high on
onaa cliff
cliff above
above the
the seeeeeeeeeeeeteeeseteteenes
-
clear lonian Sea, the island of Zakynthos in the distance. The sun is
4 clear Ionian Sea, the island of Zakynthos in the distance. The sun is beating
beating oe. seeeseseseseneeeeeeee
down and
5 down and you
you are
are hearing
hearing the
the cicadas
cicadas and
and the
the sound
sound of
of waves
waves lapping
lapping kee eeeceeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeneeees
gently against the golden sand below. You can smell the heady scent of
6 gently against the golden sand below. You can smell the heady scent of bes deteeeeeeeseneneeeeceena
nes
7 jasmine. You walk
jasmine. You walk down
down aa steep,
steep, stony
stony path
path toto the
the beach
beach and
and there
there is
is lying
lying ee eccceeeeeeeeeees
Ont

the turquoise
8 the turquoise sea,
sea, right
right in
in front
front of
of you.
you. We're
We’re inviting
inviting you
youtoto share
share this
this oer :
experience with
9 experience with us.
US, i iveeerenaverereeereens
©

10 We
10 We currently
currently develop
develop a
a complex
complex of
of luxury
luxury apartments
apartments just Outside
just outside eee eessesenseeeereeeeeen
eens :
11 Lourdas,
11 Lourdas, in
in the
the south
south of
of Cephalonia.
Cephalonia. Cephalonia
Cephalonia isis the
the largest
largest and
and the
the a eeeeecececeeeeesereeeees :
12 most varied of the lonian Islands, and Lourdas is atraditional Greek
1 2 most varied of the Ionian Islands, and Lourdas is a traditional Greek ——aeeecescececccuecesescsuusenes
13 village with
13 village with aa variety
variety of
of shops
shops and
and tavernas.
tavernas. Behind
Behind the
the village
village the
the ch aeeeecececesseeneneeseeeeeeeee :
14 mountains
14 mountains areare rising
rising steeply
steeply and
and goats
goats roam
roam freely.
freely. From
From the
the village
village a
a see eeeeeeeceeereeeeerereeneee
155 road
1 road winds
winds down
down to
to Lourdas
Lourdas Bay.
Bay. The
The wide
wide sweep
sweep ofof the
the bay
bay shelter
shelter aA he eesccsscesrsesetteterereee
16 long
16 long sandy
sandy beach
beach which
which isis almost
almost totally
totally uncommercialised,
uncommercialised, although
although —lceeeeecececeececseeeeeeenes
17 local
17 local developers
developers build
build aa range
range ofof bars
bars and
and tavern
tavernas on a
as on a strip
strip of
Of land
land aeeecececcccecceseaeseeeeeens
behind the
18 behind
18 the beach.
beach, teeter
ere eees :
19 We have
19 We have completed
completed our
our show
show apartment
apartment and
and we
we now
now show
show prospective
prospective sss eeeseseeeeeeeceeeeneneees
20 purchasers
20 purchasers the
the apartment,
apartment, either
either in
in person
person at at the
the site,
site, or
or at
at our
OUF ha eeecccceeeceeeeeeaeteeeeees
21 London
21 London office,
office, on
on video.
video. To
To take
take part
part in
in this
this once-in-a-lifetime
once-in-a-lifetime offer,
offer, a eeceeeceeeceeeeeeeeeees
22 phone
22 phone us
us now
now and
and talk
talk to
to one
one of
of our
our sales
salesrepresentatives,§
representatives. adaaeaeeeeeeececeeeeateeeeeees

~ 2l
.....r
--=--
-

53
53