Geotechnical Investigation Report for Viaduct Span Construction

Geotechnical Investigation Report for Upgradation of Hajipur-Muzaffarpur section of the existing NH-
77 to 4- Lane dual carriageway configuration of the section starting from km 0.00 (Ramashish Chowk)
to km 46.300 and construction of 16.870 km new bypass starting at km 46.300 and connecting NH-28 of
East-West Corridor at km 515.045 in the state of Bihar on BOT (Annuity) basis under NHDP Phase-
III. Location: Construction of Viaduct span in ROB-I on Hajipur-Muzaffarpur NH-77 Road Project
CONTENTS
SL. No. CHAPTER PAGE NO.
1.0 Introduction 2
2.0 Brief Description of structures& Geology of site 2
3.0 Scope of work 2-3
4.0 Site Exploration 3-4
5.0 Laboratory Testing 4-8
6.0 Finding of Geotechnical Investigation 8 -14
7.0 Proposed Type & Depth of foundations 14
8.0 Computations of Safe/Allowable Bearing Capacity 14-17
Of Foundations
9.0 Chemical Analysis on Soil Samples 17
10.0 Chemical Analysis on Water Samples 18
11.0 Conclusion with Recommendations 18-20
12.0 Closure 20
Sample Calculation of Pile 21-22
Sample Calculation of Strip footing 23
Soil Profile 24-35
SPT Curve 36-42
Grain size curve 43-63
Calculation Sheet of Pile Foundations 64-68
Sub Soil Profile 69-70
Site Plan 71
METROGEOTECHS & CONSTRUCTIONS

Sheet No 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION:
1.1 This report presented herein deals with the field and laboratory investigations carried
out by us to assess the nature of sub soil strata and to evaluate the soil parameters
required for design of foundations for proposed structures at Hajipur on Patna-
Muzaffarpur section of the existing NH-77 in the state of Bihar.
1.2 Client’s help is gratefully acknowledged in providing bore hole locations, close
supervision and checking during boring, sampling, various testing operations and
cooperation and guidance during finalization of report.
1.3 The work of Geotechnical Investigation was awarded to M/s Metrogeotechs &
Constructions, 759, Shalimar Garden Extension-I, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad-
201005 by M/s Gammon India Limited, Gammon House, Veer Sawarkar Marg,
P.O. Box No. 9129, Prabha Devi, Mumbai.
1.4 This report is based upon the results of field and laboratory tests conducted on
selected soil samples collected from seven bore holes (5 number bore holes of 40.0m
depth and 2 number bore hole of 20.0m depth).
2.0 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF STRUCTURE AND GEOLOGY OF SITE :
2.1 The proposed Project site is located at Hajipur on Patna-Muzaffarpur road project in
the State of Bihar.
The site falls in alluvial regions, which are formed as a result of gradual deposition of
soil particles transported by river water.
The proposed structure at this site is a Viaduct Span in ROB.
As per IS:1893 (Part-I) 2002, the site fall in seismic zone-III.
3.0 SCOPE OF WORK:
The scope of work provided to us for this project was limited to the following:-
3.1 Mobilizing necessary plant, equipments and personnel to the project site, setting up
the equipment, shifting of the equipment from one test location to another location,
carrying out the field investigations on land and demobilization on completion of
work.
3.2 Making 150 mm nominal diameter bore holes at various locations in all types of soil
using suitable approved method of boring at the specified locations to be given at site
by the Engineer-in-Charge up to 40.0m depth for five bore holes and up to 20.0m
depth for two bore holes.
3.2.1 Conducting standard penetration tests in the bore holes at 1.50 m interval in depth &
at every change of strata, whichever is earlier as per specifications / instructions of
Engineer-in-Charge.
3.2.2 Collecting undisturbed soil samples from bore holes at 3.00 m interval in depth or at
every change of strata, whichever is earlier as per specifications.
3.2.3 Collecting disturbed soil samples from bore holes at regular interval and at every
identifiable change of strata to supplement the boring records.

Sheet No 2
3.2.4 Recording the depth of ground water table in all the bore holes if observed up to the
depth of exploration during boring work as per specifications & withdrawing the
casing pipe.
3.3 Conducting the laboratory tests on selected disturbed / undisturbed soil samples
collected from various bore holes.
3.4 Preparation and submission of report in three copies.
4.0 SITE EXPLORATION:
4.1 Necessary plant, equipment and personnel for conducting the requisite field work
were mobilized to the site. These were shifted from one test location to another
location during execution of the field work and demobilized on satisfactory
completion of the entire field work.
4.2 Seven bore holes carried out were first marked on the ground surface as per the layout
given to us by the Engineer-in-Charge. All the bore holes were marked at ground, got
verified by the client’s representative and all the field activities were conducted in the
presence of client’s engineer.
4.3 All bore holes were bored at this site using shell and auger method as per IS: 1892-
1979. Casing as required was used to retain the bore holes.
Sl. No. Test Type / Number Test conducted at / up to a depth (m) Remarks
from existing ground level (if any)
(1) Bore Holes 40.00 m By shell &
(BH-1 to BH-5) Auger method
(2) Bore Holes 20.00 m By shell &
(BH-6 & BH-7) Auger method
(3) Standard penetrations- 1.50 m interval & at every change of ---
tests in bore holes strata whichever is earlier
(4) Undisturbed soil 3.00 m interval & at every change of ---
sampling in bore holes strata whichever is earlier
4.3.1 Standard penetration tests were conducted (as per IS:2131) in the above bore holes at
every 1.50 m interval & at change of strata as per specifications / instructions of
Engineer-in-Charge. The bores were cleaned up to the desired depths. Standard split
spoon sampler attached to lower end of ‘A’ drill rods was driven in the bore holes by
means of standard hammer of 63.5 Kg. falling freely from a height of 75 cm. The
sampler was driven 45 cm as per specifications & the numbers of blows required for
each 15 cm penetration were recorded. The numbers of blows for the first 15 cm
penetration were not taken into account. This was considered as seating drive. The
numbers of blows for next 30 cm penetration were designated as SPT ‘N’ value.
Wherever the total penetration was less than 45 cm, the number of blows & the depth
penetrated is incorporated in respective bore logs. Disturbed soil samples obtained

Sheet No 3
from standard split spoon sampler for all the above standard penetration tests were
collected in polythene bags of suitable size. These samples were properly sealed,
labelled, recorded and carefully transported to the laboratory for testing.
4.3.2 Undisturbed soil samples were collected from the bore holes at every 3.00 m interval
in depth & at change of strata as per sampling specifications, in thin walled sampling
tubes of 100 mm dia and 450 mm length fitted to an adopter with ball and socket
arrangement. These sampling tubes after retrieval from the bore holes were properly
waxed and sealed at both ends. These were carefully labeled and transported to the
laboratory for testing. Undisturbed soil samples wherever slipped during lifting, were
duly marked in the field bore logs as well as in the soil profile.
4.3.3 Disturbed soil samples were also collected from the bore holes at suitable
depths/intervals to supplement the boring records. These samples were collected in
polythene bags of suitable size. These samples were properly sealed, labeled, recorded
& carefully transported to the laboratory for testing.
4.3.4 The depth of ground water table was checked / measured in all bore holes after
stabilization of ground water in the bore holes. The ground water table was 2.85m to
6.00m from natural ground level in the bore hole during the boring activity.
4.3.5 Summary of bore holes:
Bore Structure Chainage Ground Depth of Water R.L. of

Hole Reduced Boring table Water table
No Level (m) (m) (m)
BH-1 P-5 LHS 0+456.739 49.871 40.00 6.00 43.871
BH-2 P-4 RHS 0+433.315 50.433 40.00 5.00 45.433
BH-3 P-2 LHS 0+404.289 49.963 40.00 4.65 45.313
BH-4 P-1 RHS 0+382.311 48.681 40.00 4.50 44.181
BH-5 A-1 LHS 0+360.311 47.991 40.00 2.85 45.141
BH-6 RE WALL- LHS 0+310.311 48.678 20.00 3.00 45.678
BH-7 RE WALL- RHS 0+240.350 47.677 20.00 3.40 44.277
5.0 LABORATORY TESTING:

The following laboratory tests were conducted on selected soil samples recovered
from various bore hole / test locations: -
(a) Bulk density and Moisture content (IS:2720 Part-II, Part-VII & Part-VIII)
(b) Sieve analysis (IS:2720 Part-IV)
(c) Hydrometer analysis (IS:2720 Part-IV)
(d) Liquid limit & Plastic limits (IS:2720 Part-V)
(e) Specific gravity (IS:2720 Part-III)

Sheet No 4
(f) Unconfined compressive strength (IS:2720 Part-X)

(g) Direct shear test (IS:2720 Part-XIII)
(h) Tri-axial Shear test (IS:2720 Part-XI)
(i) Consolidation Test
All the soil samples were identified and classified as per IS: 1498-1970.
5.1 GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS
For this purpose an oven dry pulverized soil sample is sieved through the set of sieves 20mm,
10mm, 4.75mm, 2.0m, 1.0m, 600micron, 300micron, 150micron and 75micron. The amounts
of soil retained on each sieve are noted down. The % retained, cumulative % retained and %
passing are computed accordingly.
If the % passing 75 micron sieve is significant, Hydrometer method is used to find the
percentage of silt and clay fraction.
5.2 LIQUID LIMIT (IS:2720- PART-5-1985)
For liquid limit Casagrande apparatus is used. For this test air dry soil sample passing
425micron is taken and mixed with distilled water to give a stiff and homogeneous paste and
is left for sufficient time for maturing in an air tight container.
A portion of the above paste is kept in the cup of Casagrande apparatus, a groove is cut with
groove cutting tool and number of blows are counted by turning the handle at the rate of 2
revolutions per second. The numbers of blows are counted till the continuous contact of the
groove closes to 10mm.
A quantity of soil from the close portion of the groove after the contact occurs, are taken and
its water content is determined by oven drying method.
The following equation is used in case of single point method.
Wl = Wn / (1.3215-0.23 log N)
Where Wn=water content (% corresponding to n blows)
5.3 PLASTIC LIMIT (IS:2720-PART-5-1985)

For this test sample is prepared in the same way as for liquid limit test. A ball is formed of
soil sample weighting about 5 gm. This ball is rolled between the fingers of one hand and the
glass plate with pressure sufficient to reduce the mass into a thread of about 3 mm in 5 to 10
complete forward and back movements. When a diameter of 3 mm is reached, soil is again
remolded into a ball.
The process of rolling and remolding is repeated until the thread starts just crumbing at a
diameter of 3 mm.
The crumbled thread is immediately transferred to an airtight container for determination of
its moisture content by oven drying method.
This water content is termed as plastic limit. (WP)
5.4 PLASTICITY INDEX(IS:2720-PART-5-1985)
The plasticity index Ip is given by

Sheet No 5
Ip=WL-WP (in percent)

5.5 WATER CONTENT(IS:2720-PART-2-1980)
For this test the soil sample of known quantity (Wm) is taken in a container. The container
with this soil sample is placed in an oven for drying at 105-110ºc for 16-24 hours. After
drying the dry sample is again weighed to determine the dry weight of sample (Wd)
The moisture content is computed by the following equation:
Wn=(Wm-Wd) x 100/Wd
5.6 DRY DENSITY & BULK DENSITY
For determination of bulk density, a sample of known volume ‘V’ is extracted from the
undisturbed sample. Its bulk weight ‘W’ and moisture content ‘Wn’ is determined by oven
drying method.
The bulk density is determined by following equation
γb=W/V and dry density γd=γb/(1+Wn)
5.7 SPECIFIC GRAVITY (IS:2720-PART-3 SEC-1-1980)

The specific gravity of soil sample is determined by density bottle method. For this test 5-10g
(W2) sample of oven dry, cool soil is taken in 50ml capacity density bottle and its weight is
noted down. The soil is covered with distilled water and left for sufficient period for suitable
soaking. The entrapped air is removed by vacuum. The soil in bottle is filled full with water
and its is noted down as w3. The mass of empty bottle (w1) and bottle with full distilled
water also noted (w4).
The specific gravity is found by the following equation.
G=w2-w1/[(w2-w1)-(w3-w4)]
5.8 DIRECT SHEAR TEST (IS:2720-PART-13-1986)
For this test shear box test apparatus is used. The prepared specimen from
remolded/undisturbed sample is placed carefully in the box. The plain grid is kept on top of
the specimen with its serrations at right angles to the direction of shear. The upper porous
stone is placed on the grid and loading pad on the stone. The box with specimen is gently
placed in the container (water jacket). The specimen is submerged with water. The container
is mounted with the shear box and the specimen inside, on the shearing machine. The upper
part of the box is so adjusted that it touches the proving ring. The jack is brought forward to
bear up against the box container. The proving ring dial gauge is set to read zero.
The steel ball is placed in the recess of the loading pad. The loading yoke is set in contact
with the steel ball on the loading pad. Vertical displacement dial gauge to read zero in contact
with the top of the yoke. The normal load is applied and any change in thickness of specimen
is recorded. Shear displacement dial gauge is also set to read zero. The locking screw is now
removed and two parts of the shear box are separated by advancing the spacing screws.
The specimen is sheared at constant rate of strain. The readings of the proving ring dial gauge
are noted down every 15 seconds for the first one-minute and then every 30 seconds
thereafter. The reading of change in the thickness dial gauge and shear displacement dial
gauge are also recorded at the same time interval. The test is continued until the specimen
fails. The specimen is assumed to fail when the proving ring dial gauge starts receding or at
shear displacement of approximately 15% of the length takes place.

Sheet No 6
The soil is removed from the box and test is repeated on the identical specimen under
increased normal load.
For consolidated un drained test the specimen is prepared and set in the apparatus as above
and after submergence, the specimen is allowed to consolidate fully under normal loads. The
specimen is then sheared as in un drained test. At the end of the test, the specimen is removed
and its final water content is determined. The test is repeated on other identical specimen in
similar way under increasing normal loads.
For drained test, after completion of consolidation under a particular normal load, specimen
is sheared at a slow rate to allow the pore water inside the specimen drain out. Final water
content of failed specimen is determined. The test is repeated on other identical specimen
after consolidation under increasing normal loads.
5.9 TRIAXIAL SHEAR TEST(IS:2720-PART-11-1993) & (IS:2720-PART-12-1981)

For this test Tri axial Shear Test apparatus with pore pressure measurement apparatus is used.
The porous disc or plain disc, depending on the test conditions is placed on the pedestal of the
tri axial cell. The specimen is placed centrally on the disc. A correct size membrane is fitted
inside the stretcher with ends of membrane folded over those of the stretcher. Vacuum is
applied to stretch the membrane to the inside surface of the stretcher is carefully slipped
around the specimen kept on the pedestal. The vacuum on the membrane is released. Its
bottom part is rolled down into the pedestal. Depending on the type of test porous or plain
disc is placed on the top of the specimen and then pressure pad is placed. The top part of
membrane is rolled on to the pressure pad. Now the stretcher is removed and ends are sealed
with ‘O’ rings.
With the properly sealed specimen placed centrally on the pedestal, the cell is assembled,
keeping the loading piston initially clear of the pressure pad of the specimen. The assembly is
placed in the loading frame.
For unconsolidated un drained test, the bottom drainage value (BDV) and top drainage value
(TDV) of cell, is closed and air release valve (ARV) is opened. The cell is filled with water
through the cell water value CWV. ARV is closed when water begins to escape through it.
The cell pressure is raised to the desired value and kept constant till the end of the test.
If initially unsaturated specimen is to be saturated before the test, the specimen is mounted in
the cell with porous disc. The specimen is saturated by back pressure saturation method.
When the cell pressure is applied, the load piston rises upward, the loading machine is
operated at the anticipated rate to bring the load piston slightly above the pressured pad of the
specimen and the load measuring dial gauge on proving ring is set to zero.
The piston is brought just in contact with pressure pad by hand operation of the machine. The
axial compression dial gauge is mounted and set to read zero.
The axial loading is started at constant rate of strain. Simultaneous readings on the load and
compression dial gauges are noted down. The test is continued until a recession of the axial
load is observed.
After failure, the specimen is unloaded by reversing the loading machine, cell pressure is
reduced and cell water is drained out after opening the ARV. The cell is dismantled and the
specimen is taken out rubber membrane is removed and weight of the failed sample and its
water content is determined. The test is repeated on two more identical specimens with
increasing cell pressure.
Sheet No 7
5.10 CONSOLIDATION TEST

For consolidated un drained test, first the specimen is saturated by back pressure saturation.
The saturated specimen is then consolidated fully under a cell pressure. After consolidation is
complete, the axial load is applied and the test is conducted as for un drained test. The pore
pressure developed during the un drained test portion is measured by the pore pressure
measuring system. After the completion of test, pore pressure apparatus and mercury control
system is disconnected, cell is dismantled and sample is taken outside to determine its weight
and final water content. The test is repeated on three identical specimens using increasing cell
pressure for consolidation.
For consolidated drained test, the specimen is first allowed to consolidate under a confining
pressure as in consolidated un drained test. Then sample is failed under drained condition.
After consolidation is complete, the axial load is applied and the test is conducted as for un
drained test. The pore pressure developed during the un drained test portion is measured by
the pore pressure apparatus. After completion of test the pore pressure apparatus. After
completion of test the pore pressure apparatus and mercury control system is disconnected,
cell is dismantled and sample is taken outside to determine its weight and final water content.
The test is repeated on three identical specimens using increasing cell pressure for
consolidation.
6.0 FINDING OF GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION:
The study of bore logs/results of laboratory and other field tests as above from ground
level reveal that:-
(A) THE SUB SOIL STRATA : -
6.1 At the locations of BH-1(P-5, LHS, Chainage- 0+456.739, GRL-49.871)
(a) From existing ground surface to 5.50m depths consists of grayish sandy silt of low
plasticity (ML-CL) having SPT field ‘N’ values ranging from 7 to 12 showing stiff
consistency of the strata.
(b) From 5.50m to 12.00m depths consists of dark gray clayey silt of medium plasticity
(CI) having SPT field ‘N’ values ranging from 14 to 21 showing very stiff consistency
of the strata.
(c) From 12.00m to 25.50m depths consists of grayish silty sand (SM) having SPT field
‘N’ values ranging from 26 to 50 showing medium to dense compactness of the strata.
(d) From 25.00m to 31.50m depths consists of grayish fine sand (SP-SM) having SPT
field ‘N’ values ranging from 53 to 72 showing very dense compactness of the strata.
(e) From 31.50m to 40.00m depths consists of light grayish clayey silt of medium
plasticity (CI) having SPT field ‘N’ values ranging from 77 to 98 showing hard
The layer wise strength parameters at this location are as below:
Depth(m) C Ø γeff eo Cc

Sheet No 8
From To (kg/cm2) (degree) (gm/cc)

0.0 5.5 0.50 12 1.70 0.76 0.068
5.5 8.5 0.65 8 0.81 0.72 0.059
8.5 10.5 0.65 8 0.84
10.5 12 0.90 6 0.89
12 15 0.00 30 0.84
15 20 0.00 31 0.87
20 23.5 0.00 31 0.90
23.5 25.5 0.00 31 0.94
25.5 28.5 0.00 34 1.00
28.5 31.5 0.00 34 1.04
31.5 36.0 1.10 7 1.06 0.60 0.048
36.0 40.0 1.15 6 1.14 0.56 0.045
6.2 At the locations of BH-2 (P-4, RHS, Chainage- 0+433.315, GRL-50.433)

(a) From existing ground surface to 1.50m depths consists of filled up.
(b) From 1.50m to 3.00m depths consists of light grayish silty sand (SM) having SPT
field ‘N’ value 9 showing loose compactness of the strata.
(c) From 3.00m to 6.00m depths consists of light grayish sandy silt of low plasticity
(ML-CL) having SPT field ‘N’ values ranging from 12 to 13 showing stiff
(d) From 6.00m to 11.50m depths consists of dark grayish clayey silt of medium
plasticity (CI) having SPT field ‘N’ values ranging from 15 to 22 showing very stiff
(e) From 11.50m to 16.50m depths consists of grayish silty sand (SM) having SPT field
(f) From 16.50m to 31.50m depths consists of grayish fine sand (SP-SM) having SPT
field ‘N’ values ranging from 39 to 81 showing dense to very dense compactness of
the strata.
(g) From 31.50m to 40.00m depths consists of dark grayish clayey silt of medium
Depth(m) C Ø γeff eo Cc
(degree)
From To
Sheet No 9
(kg/cm2) (gm/cc)
0.0 1.5 Filled up
1.5 3.0 0.0 30 1.70
3.0 6.0 0.50 13 0.72 0.75 0.066
6.0 11.5 0.85 8 0.80 0.75 0.064
11.5 16.5 0.0 30 0.84
16.5 20.0 0.0 32 0.88
20.0 25.0 0.0 33 0.91
25.0 31.5 0.0 34 0.95
31.5 33.0 0.85 7 0.98 0.63 0.052
33.0 40.0 0.75 8 1.04 0.60 0.048
6.3 At the locations of BH-3 (P-2, LHS, Chainage- 0+404.289, GRL-49.963)

field ‘N’ value 10 showing loose to medium dense compactness of the strata.
(c) From 3.00m to 5.50m depths consists of light grayish sandy silt (ML) having SPT
field ‘N’ values ranging from 11 to 15 showing medium dense compactness of the
strata.
(d) From 5.50m to 7.50m depths consists of light grayish silty sand (SM) having SPT
field ‘N’ value 14 showing medium dense compactness of the strata.
(e) From 7.50m to 12.00m depths consists of light grayish clayey silt of medium
(f) From 12.00m to 26.50m depths consists of light grayish silty sand (SM) having SPT
field ‘N’ values ranging from 22 to 61 showing medium to very dense compactness of
the strata.
(g) From 26.50m to 40.00m depths consists of light grayish clayey silt of medium
Depth(m) C Ø
γeff eo Cc
0.0 1.5 Filled up

Sheet No 10
1.5 5.5 0.0 29 1.61

5.5 7.5 0.0 30 0.72
7.5 10.0 0.80 9 0.79 0.78 0.068
10.0 12.0 0.95 8 0.82 0.75 0.065
12.0 20.0 0.0 31 0.85
20.0 26.0 0.0 32 0.88
26.0 30.0 0.95 9 0.96 0.70 0.062
30.0 34.0 1.1 8 0.98 0.64 0.056
34.0 40.0 1.25 6 1.04 0.61 0.047
6.4 At the locations of BH-4 (P-1, RHS, Chainage- 0+382.311, GRL-48.681)

(a) From existing ground surface to 3.00m depths consists of filled up (road materials).
field ‘N’ values ranging from 9 to 14 showing loose to medium dense compactness of
the strata.
(c) From 6.00m to 11.50m depths consists of dark grayish clayey silt of medium
(d) From 11.50m to 13.50m depths consists of light grayish silty sand (SM) having SPT
field ‘N’ value 24 showing medium dense compactness of the strata.
(e) From 13.50m to 20.00m depths consists of grayish fine sand (SP-SM) having SPT
the strata.
(f) From 20.00m to 25.50m depths consists of grayish fine sand (SP) having SPT field
‘N’ values ranging from 44 to 60 showing dense to very dense compactness of the
strata.
(g) From 25.50m to 40.00m depths consists of dark gray clayey silt of medium plasticity
(CI) having SPT field ‘N’ values ranging from 57 to 103 showing hard consistency of
the strata.
Depth(m) C Ø
γeff eo Cc
0.0 3.0 Filled up
3.0 6.0 0.0 29 0.71
6.0 11.5 0.65 10 0.78 0.77 0.065

Sheet No 11
11.5 13.5 0.0 30 0.75

13.5 16.0 0.0 32 0.79
16.0 20.0 0.0 32 0.83
20.0 25.0 0.0 30 0.86
25.0 30.0 0.65 10 0.85 0.74 0.062
30.0 35.0 0.80 9 0.93 0.69 0.055
35.0 40.0 1.05 8 1.02 0.63 0.050
6.5 At the locations of BH-5 (A-1, LHS, Chainage- 0+360.311, GRL-47.991)

(a) From existing ground surface to 4.50m depths consists of light grayish silty sand
(SM) having SPT field ‘N’ values ranging from 7 to 8 showing loose compactness of
the strata.
(b) From 4.50m to 11.50m depths consists of dark grayish clayey silt of medium
(c) From 11.50m to 25.50m depths consists of grayish fine sand (SP-SM) having SPT
the strata.
Depth(m) C Ø
γeff eo Cc
0.0 4.5 0.0 28 0.73
4.5 7.5 0.7 10 0.77 0.79 0.066
7.5 11.5 0.95 8 0.80 0.77 0.062
11.5 14.0 0.0 32 0.80
14.0 16.0 0.0 33 0.81
16.0 20.0 0.0 33 0.84
20.0 25.0 0.0 33 0.87
25.0 30.0 1.10 8 0.88 0.72 0.058
30.0 35.0 1.15 7 0.94 0.68 0.052
35.0 40.0 1.30 6 1.03 0.62 0.048

Sheet No 12
6.6 At the locations of BH-6 (RE Wall, LHS, Chainage- 0+310.311, GRL-48.678)
field ‘N’ values ranging from 7 to 10 showing loose compactness of the strata.
(c) From 4.50m to 6.00m depths consists of light grayish sandy silt of low plasticity
(ML-CL) having SPT field ‘N’ value 14 showing stiff consistency of the strata.
(e) From 12.00m to 20.00m depths consists of grayish silty sand (SM) having SPT field
Depth(m) C Ø
γeff eo Cc
0.0 1.5 Filled up 1.0
1.5 3.0 0.0 29 1.69 0.71
3.0 4.5 0.0 29 0.72
4.5 6.0 0.5 12 0.72 0.74 0.068
6.0 12.0 0.7 10 0.87 0.71 0.064
12.0 20.0 0.0 32 0.93
6.7 At the locations of BH-7 (RE Wall, RHS, Chainage- 0+240.350, GRL-46.677)
field ‘N’ values ranging from 8 to 9 showing loose compactness of the strata.
(c) From 4.50m to 10.50m depths consists of dark grayish clayey silt of medium
(d) From 10.50m to 16.50m depths consists of grayish fine sand (SP-SM) having SPT
field ‘N’ values ranging from 28 to 36 showing medium to dense compactness of the
strata.
(e) From 16.50m to 20.00m depths consists of grayish fine sand (SP) having SPT field
‘N’ values ranging from 40 to 47 showing dense compactness of the strata.

Sheet No 13
Depth(m) C Ø
γeff eo Cc
0.0 1.5 Filled up 1.0
1.5 3.0 0.0 29 1.69 0.72
3.0 4.5 0.0 29 0.80
4.5 10.0 0.85 8 0.80 0.78 0.075
10.0 16.0 0.0 33 0.83
16.0 20.0 0.0 34 0.93
The observed and corrected value of SPT ‘N’ is given on respective SPT Curves & Borelogs.
(B) THE GROUND WATER LEVEL : -
The ground water level was observed in the bore holes and its depth varies from 2.85
m to 6.0m depth below existing ground surface.
The RL of ground water varies from 43.871 to 45.678, however the RL of existing
ground water may be considered at 43.871m to be on safer side.
For design purposes the ground water table may be considered at RL 41.871 i.e. 2.0m
above the observed one, as the ground water table may rise in heavy rainy season or
due to unforeseen reason.
7.0 PROPOSED TYPE AND DEPTH OF FOUNDATIONS:
Based upon the results of field investigations, laboratory test results, type of structure
likely to come at this site & further discussions held with the client, the following type
of foundations have been analyzed herein below : -
Type of foundation for Diameter of Cut-off level Depth of Pile below

Abutment and pier Pile (mm) below NGL Cut-off level
Structures (mm) (m)
Bored Cast in situ RCC Pile 1000 & 1200 200 18.0, 20.0, 22.0 &
24.0
Type of foundation for RE Depth of foundation below Width / size of

Wall Structures existing ground surface (m) foundation (s) (m)
Open spread Isolated 2.0 & 2.5 2.0, 3.0 & 4.0
Strip Footing
8.0 COMPUTATION OF SAFE BEARING CAPACITY OF FOUNDATIONS

Shear and settlement failure criteria as per IS: 6403- 1981 , IS : 8009 (part- I,1976 and
IS: 1904-1986 have been considered to compute the safe
allowable bearing capacity of underlying soil strata for Isolated footings, Strip footings &
Raft footings.

Sheet No 14
8.1 SHEAR FAILURE CRITERION:

The net safe bearing capacity of sub-soil strata has been computed by using the following
equation for calculating the net ultimate bearing capacity.
In General Shear Failure (For eo = 0.55)
Qnu = c.Nc. sc.dc.ic + q.(Nq–1).sq.dq.iq + ½.γ.B.Nr.sr.dr.ir.w’
In Local Shear Failure (For eo = 0.75)
Qnu’ = 2/3c.Nc’. sc’.dc’.ic’ + q.(Nq’–1).sq’.dq’.iq’ + ½.γ.B.Nr’.sr’.dr’.ir’.w’
For intermediate values of eo 9between 0.55-0.75), the Qnu is obtained by interpolation.
Shape factors have been taken as follows:-
Sc = 1.3, Sq = 1.2, Sr = 0.8 --- for isolated footing
Sc = Sq = Sr = 1 ---- for strip footing
Sc = Sq = 1 + 0.2 B/L, Sr = 1 – 0.4 B/L --- for raft footing
Inclination Factors for vertical loads:
ic = iq = ir = 1.0
Depth factors:
dc = 1+0.2x Df/B tan (45º+ Ø/2)
dq = dr = 1 to 0.1xDf/B tan (45º+ Ø /2)
Water correction factor (w)’ = 0.5(1+dw/B)
Where dw = depth of water table from the base of foundation.
In present case, w’ = 0.5
Factor of safety F.O.S. = 2.5
The relevant soil parameters may be adopted from table in clause 6.0
8.2 SETTLEMENT FAILURE CRITERION:
The settlement of cohesive layers below the foundation level and up to the zone of Influence
are computed by using the following equation as per IS 8009, part-I.
S = ∆HxCc/(1+e0) x log10 ((P0+∆P)/P0)
Where e0 = initial voids ratio
P0 = initial stress at centre of layer
∆P = increase in stress due to imposed load on footing
Cc = Compression Index

Sheet No 15
∆H = Thickness of layer
The relevant soil parameters have been adopted from table in clause 6.0.
The settlement of cohesion less layers below the foundation level and up to the zone of
Influence are computed by using the chart of settlement Vs SPT ‘N’ given on page 17 of IS
8009, part-I.
The relevant soil parameters may be adopted from table in clause 6.0.
For Isolated, Strip and Raft footings, the zone of influence below the foundation depth is
considered equal to 2.0B, where B is the width of foundation.
The following total permissible settlements have been considered
for Isolated footing = 50 mm
for Strip footing = 60 mm
for Raft footing = 75 mm
The relevant soil parameters have been adopted from the bore log enclosed with the report.
The values of settlement obtained as above are corrected applying the Fox’s depth correction
factor and rigidity factor.
8.3 COMPUTATION OF SAFE LOAD CAPACITY OF NORMAL BORED CAST IN

SITU RCC PILE
The safe vertical load carrying capacity of Normal bored Cast in situ RCC piles
have been calculated using the following expression: -
n
Qu= Ap (cp.Nc. + ½ r D Nr + PD Nq) + ∑ (Asi Ki Pdi tanδ + ai ci). ..... Ref B-6 of above code
i=1
where, Ap = Cross sectional area of pile toe in m2.
D = Diameter of Pile in m.
cP = Average cohesion at pile tip
ai = adhesion factor for ith layer, obtained from the fig.-2, page -11 of above code,
corresponding to value of c in kN/m2 (1.0T/m2= 10 kN/m2)
Nc =9,
Nq = Bearing Capacity factor, read from fig. 1, page-11, corresponding to Ø

Sheet No 16
Nr = General Bearing Capacity factor obtained from IS:6403 corresponding to Ø
γeff = Effective unit weight of soil at pile toe.
PD = Effective overburden pressure at pile toe ( maximum depth = 15D for Ø <300
to 20 D for Ø >400)
Asi = Surface area of pile stem for ith layer.
Ki = Coefficient of earth pressure = 1.0 to 1.5 for Ø = 300 to 400
Pdi = Effective overburden pressure at center of the ith layer
δ= Angle of wall friction = friction angle of soil around the RCC pile stem = 3/4 Ø
As the cohesion less strata get loosened during boring operation for making pile, hence
property of loose cohesion less strata is considered for all cohesion less strata i.e. c=0.0
T/m2, Ø = 280
The safe lateral load capacity have been computed as per IS: 2911, Pt-I, sec-2-2010 as
explained in annexed sample calculation.
9.0 CHEMICAL ANALYSYS ON SOIL SAMPLES

Sl. Bore Hole Sample Depth pH Chloride Sulphate
No. (as Cl) (as SO3)
(%) (%)
1 BH-1(P-5) UDS-4 11.50-11.90 6.7 0.053 0.023
2 BH-2(P-4) UDS-3 8.50-8.90 6.6 0.061 0.045
3 BH-3(P-2) UDS-4 11.50-11.90 6.7 0.073 0.062
4 BH-4(P-1) UDS-2 8.50-8.90 6.8 0.028 0.038
5 BH-5(A-1) SPT-10 15.00-15.45 6.8 0.037 0.089
6 BH-6 (REW) UDS-1 2.50-2.90 6.9 0.045 0.074
7 BH-7(REW) UDS-1 2.50-2.90 6.6 0.067 0.051
Permissible Limit as per IS: 456-2000 >6 0.25 0.20
10.0 CHEMICAL ANALYSYS ON WATER SAMPLES

Sheet No 17
Sl. No. Bore Hole pH Chloride (as Cl) Sulphate (as SO3)
(ppm) (ppm)
1 BH-1(P-5) 7.1 316 234
2 BH-2(P-4) 7.1 334 211
3 BH-3(P-2) 7.2 323 218
4 BH-4(P-1) 7.1 411 276
5 BH-5(A-1) 7.3 367 243
6 BH-6 (RE Wall) 7.2 351 269
7 BH-7(RE Wall) 7.4 387 289
Permissible Limit as per IS: 456-2000 >6 500 400
The results of chemical test for both soil and water are within the permissible limit as
per Indian Standard Code
11.0 CONCLUSION WITH RECOMMENDATIONS:
Depending on the field and laboratory observations of subsoil strata, test results and the
type of structures proposed at site, the most feasible soil-foundation system is
recommended as bored-cast-in situ pile of 1000/1200mm diameter. The safe load
carrying capacities are given in following table.
Dia of Cut-off level Length of Safe load carrying capacity Depth of
piles below EGL. piles below (T) virtual
(mm) (mm) cut-off In In uplift Lateral fixity
(m) compressi Capacity below
on cut
off(m)
At Location of BH-1 (P-5)
18.0 211.4 61.0 16.4 8.75
20.0 228.2 69.3 16.4 8.75
1000 200
22.0 245.1 77.7 16.4 8.75
24.0 261.7 86.0 16.4 8.75
18.0 301.1 76.3 19.7 9.972
20.0 324.3 87.9 19.7 9.972
1200 200
22.0 347.6 99.4 19.7 9.972
24.0 370.5 110.9 19.7 9.972
1000 200 18.0 173.4 51.4 16.4 8.75
20.0 188.5 58.9 16.4 8.75
22.0 203.5 66.4 16.4 8.75

Sheet No 18
24.0 219.0 74.1 16.4 8.75

18.0 249.8 64.4 19.7 9.972
20.0 271.5 75.1 19.7 9.972
1200 200
22.0 293.0 85.9 19.7 9.972
24.0 315.1 96.9 19.7 9.972
18.0 180.0 49.7 16.4 8.75
20.0 195.1 57.3 16.4 8.75
1000 200
22.0 210.1 64.8 16.4 8.75
24.0 225.2 72.3 16.4 8.75
18.0 254.7 59.8 19.7 9.972
20.0 275.9 70.3 19.7 9.972
1200 200
22.0 296.8 80.8 19.7 9.972
24.0 317.8 91.3 19.7 9.972
18.0 148.7 42.5 16.4 8.75
20.0 160.4 48.4 16.4 8.75
1000 200
22.0 172.2 54.3 16.4 8.75
24.0 148.2 60.1 16.4 8.75
18.0 214.8 53.5 19.7 9.972
20.0 231.3 61.8 19.7 9.972
1200 200
22.0 247.9 70.1 19.7 9.972
24.0 198.1 77.7 19.7 9.972
At Location of BH-5 (A-1)
18.0 156.7 48.0 16.4 8.75
20.0 167.9 53.6 16.4 8.75
1000 200
22.0 179.1 59.20 16.4 8.75
24.0 168.4 64.7 16.4 8.75
1200 200 18.0 229.5 60.5 19.7 9.972
20.0 246.3 68.8 19.7 9.972
22.0 263.0 77.2 19.7 9.972

Sheet No 19
24.0 228.1 84.7 19.7 9.972
However before adopting the above values of safe load capacity of pile foundation for
design purposes, these should be verified through pile load tests at site as per IS:2911
(part-IV).
For RE Wall Structure following capacity for Strip footing has been calculated:
Type of Depth of Size of Net Safe Bearing Capacity/

Foundation foundation Foundation Allowable Pressure Intensity (T/m2)
below existing (m) In Shear In Recomm
ground Settlement ended
surface (m)
At Location of BH-6
2.0 11.8 38.6 11.8
Strip Footing 2.0 3.0 12.9 36.6 12.9
4.0 14.1 11.4 11.4
2.0 15.3 28.5 15.3
2.5 3.0 16.1 14.5 14.5
4.0 17.3 11.0 11.0
At Location of BH-7
2.0 10.9 43.5 10.9
Strip Footing 2.0 3.0 11.9 19.3 11.9
4.0 13.1 13.0 13.0
2.0 14.2 32.5 14.2
2.5 3.0 15.0 16.8 15.0
4.0 16.0 11.9 11.9
The SBC for intermediate depths and widths may be obtained from interpolation between
above values.
12.0 CLOSURE
We appreciate the opportunity given to us to submit this report. This presented report is based
on observations and tests on samples collected from the boreholes as decided by the client. In
case any difference is noticed in the field subsoil strata and reported subsoil strata during
excavation please contact us before proceeding with further construction.
For Metrogeotechs & Constructions
(M K Srivastava)
M.Tech. (Soil Mechanics & Foundation Design)

Sheet No 20

Geotechnical Investigation Report for Viaduct Span Construction

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Geotechnical Investigation Report for Upgradation of Hajipur-Muzaffarpur section of the existing NH-

METROGEOTECHS & CONSTRUCTIONS

METROGEOTECHS & CONSTRUCTIONS

METROGEOTECHS & CONSTRUCTIONS

Bore Structure Chainage Ground Depth of Water R.L. of

5.0 LABORATORY TESTING:

METROGEOTECHS & CONSTRUCTIONS

(f) Unconfined compressive strength (IS:2720 Part-X)

5.3 PLASTIC LIMIT (IS:2720-PART-5-1985)

METROGEOTECHS & CONSTRUCTIONS

Ip=WL-WP (in percent)

5.7 SPECIFIC GRAVITY (IS:2720-PART-3 SEC-1-1980)

METROGEOTECHS & CONSTRUCTIONS

5.9 TRIAXIAL SHEAR TEST(IS:2720-PART-11-1993) & (IS:2720-PART-12-1981)

5.10 CONSOLIDATION TEST

METROGEOTECHS & CONSTRUCTIONS

From To (kg/cm2) (degree) (gm/cc)

6.2 At the locations of BH-2 (P-4, RHS, Chainage- 0+433.315, GRL-50.433)

6.3 At the locations of BH-3 (P-2, LHS, Chainage- 0+404.289, GRL-49.963)

METROGEOTECHS & CONSTRUCTIONS

1.5 5.5 0.0 29 1.61

6.4 At the locations of BH-4 (P-1, RHS, Chainage- 0+382.311, GRL-48.681)

METROGEOTECHS & CONSTRUCTIONS

11.5 13.5 0.0 30 0.75

6.5 At the locations of BH-5 (A-1, LHS, Chainage- 0+360.311, GRL-47.991)

METROGEOTECHS & CONSTRUCTIONS

METROGEOTECHS & CONSTRUCTIONS

Type of foundation for Diameter of Cut-off level Depth of Pile below

Type of foundation for RE Depth of foundation below Width / size of

8.0 COMPUTATION OF SAFE BEARING CAPACITY OF FOUNDATIONS

METROGEOTECHS & CONSTRUCTIONS

8.1 SHEAR FAILURE CRITERION:

8.2 SETTLEMENT FAILURE CRITERION:

METROGEOTECHS & CONSTRUCTIONS

8.3 COMPUTATION OF SAFE LOAD CAPACITY OF NORMAL BORED CAST IN

have been calculated using the following expression: -

where, Ap = Cross sectional area of pile toe in m2.

cP = Average cohesion at pile tip

corresponding to value of c in kN/m2 (1.0T/m2= 10 kN/m2)

Nq = Bearing Capacity factor, read from fig. 1, page-11, corresponding to Ø

METROGEOTECHS & CONSTRUCTIONS

Nr = General Bearing Capacity factor obtained from IS:6403 corresponding to Ø

γeff = Effective unit weight of soil at pile toe.

Asi = Surface area of pile stem for ith layer.

Ki = Coefficient of earth pressure = 1.0 to 1.5 for Ø = 300 to 400

Pdi = Effective overburden pressure at center of the ith layer

9.0 CHEMICAL ANALYSYS ON SOIL SAMPLES

10.0 CHEMICAL ANALYSYS ON WATER SAMPLES

METROGEOTECHS & CONSTRUCTIONS

METROGEOTECHS & CONSTRUCTIONS

24.0 219.0 74.1 16.4 8.75

METROGEOTECHS & CONSTRUCTIONS

24.0 228.1 84.7 19.7 9.972

Type of Depth of Size of Net Safe Bearing Capacity/

For Metrogeotechs & Constructions

METROGEOTECHS & CONSTRUCTIONS

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