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77 to 4- Lane dual carriageway configuration of the section starting from km 0.00 (Ramashish Chowk)
to km 46.300 and construction of 16.870 km new bypass starting at km 46.300 and connecting NH-28 of
East-West Corridor at km 515.045 in the state of Bihar on BOT (Annuity) basis under NHDP Phase-
III. Location: Construction of Viaduct span in ROB-I on Hajipur-Muzaffarpur NH-77 Road Project
CONTENTS
SL. No. CHAPTER PAGE NO.
1.0 Introduction 2
2.0 Brief Description of structures& Geology of site 2
3.0 Scope of work 2-3
4.0 Site Exploration 3-4
5.0 Laboratory Testing 4-8
6.0 Finding of Geotechnical Investigation 8 -14
7.0 Proposed Type & Depth of foundations 14
8.0 Computations of Safe/Allowable Bearing Capacity 14-17
Of Foundations
9.0 Chemical Analysis on Soil Samples 17
10.0 Chemical Analysis on Water Samples 18
11.0 Conclusion with Recommendations 18-20
12.0 Closure 20
Sample Calculation of Pile 21-22
Sample Calculation of Strip footing 23
Soil Profile 24-35
SPT Curve 36-42
Grain size curve 43-63
Calculation Sheet of Pile Foundations 64-68
Sub Soil Profile 69-70
Site Plan 71
1.0 INTRODUCTION:
1.1 This report presented herein deals with the field and laboratory investigations carried
out by us to assess the nature of sub soil strata and to evaluate the soil parameters
required for design of foundations for proposed structures at Hajipur on Patna-
Muzaffarpur section of the existing NH-77 in the state of Bihar.
1.2 Client’s help is gratefully acknowledged in providing bore hole locations, close
supervision and checking during boring, sampling, various testing operations and
cooperation and guidance during finalization of report.
1.3 The work of Geotechnical Investigation was awarded to M/s Metrogeotechs &
Constructions, 759, Shalimar Garden Extension-I, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad-
201005 by M/s Gammon India Limited, Gammon House, Veer Sawarkar Marg,
P.O. Box No. 9129, Prabha Devi, Mumbai.
1.4 This report is based upon the results of field and laboratory tests conducted on
selected soil samples collected from seven bore holes (5 number bore holes of 40.0m
depth and 2 number bore hole of 20.0m depth).
2.0 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF STRUCTURE AND GEOLOGY OF SITE :
2.1 The proposed Project site is located at Hajipur on Patna-Muzaffarpur road project in
the State of Bihar.
The site falls in alluvial regions, which are formed as a result of gradual deposition of
soil particles transported by river water.
The proposed structure at this site is a Viaduct Span in ROB.
As per IS:1893 (Part-I) 2002, the site fall in seismic zone-III.
3.0 SCOPE OF WORK:
The scope of work provided to us for this project was limited to the following:-
3.1 Mobilizing necessary plant, equipments and personnel to the project site, setting up
the equipment, shifting of the equipment from one test location to another location,
carrying out the field investigations on land and demobilization on completion of
work.
3.2 Making 150 mm nominal diameter bore holes at various locations in all types of soil
using suitable approved method of boring at the specified locations to be given at site
by the Engineer-in-Charge up to 40.0m depth for five bore holes and up to 20.0m
depth for two bore holes.
3.2.1 Conducting standard penetration tests in the bore holes at 1.50 m interval in depth &
at every change of strata, whichever is earlier as per specifications / instructions of
Engineer-in-Charge.
3.2.2 Collecting undisturbed soil samples from bore holes at 3.00 m interval in depth or at
every change of strata, whichever is earlier as per specifications.
3.2.3 Collecting disturbed soil samples from bore holes at regular interval and at every
identifiable change of strata to supplement the boring records.
3.2.4 Recording the depth of ground water table in all the bore holes if observed up to the
depth of exploration during boring work as per specifications & withdrawing the
casing pipe.
3.3 Conducting the laboratory tests on selected disturbed / undisturbed soil samples
collected from various bore holes.
3.4 Preparation and submission of report in three copies.
4.0 SITE EXPLORATION:
4.1 Necessary plant, equipment and personnel for conducting the requisite field work
were mobilized to the site. These were shifted from one test location to another
location during execution of the field work and demobilized on satisfactory
completion of the entire field work.
4.2 Seven bore holes carried out were first marked on the ground surface as per the layout
given to us by the Engineer-in-Charge. All the bore holes were marked at ground, got
verified by the client’s representative and all the field activities were conducted in the
presence of client’s engineer.
4.3 All bore holes were bored at this site using shell and auger method as per IS: 1892-
1979. Casing as required was used to retain the bore holes.
Sl. No. Test Type / Number Test conducted at / up to a depth (m) Remarks
from existing ground level (if any)
(1) Bore Holes 40.00 m By shell &
(BH-1 to BH-5) Auger method
(2) Bore Holes 20.00 m By shell &
(BH-6 & BH-7) Auger method
(3) Standard penetrations- 1.50 m interval & at every change of ---
tests in bore holes strata whichever is earlier
(4) Undisturbed soil 3.00 m interval & at every change of ---
sampling in bore holes strata whichever is earlier
4.3.1 Standard penetration tests were conducted (as per IS:2131) in the above bore holes at
every 1.50 m interval & at change of strata as per specifications / instructions of
Engineer-in-Charge. The bores were cleaned up to the desired depths. Standard split
spoon sampler attached to lower end of ‘A’ drill rods was driven in the bore holes by
means of standard hammer of 63.5 Kg. falling freely from a height of 75 cm. The
sampler was driven 45 cm as per specifications & the numbers of blows required for
each 15 cm penetration were recorded. The numbers of blows for the first 15 cm
penetration were not taken into account. This was considered as seating drive. The
numbers of blows for next 30 cm penetration were designated as SPT ‘N’ value.
Wherever the total penetration was less than 45 cm, the number of blows & the depth
penetrated is incorporated in respective bore logs. Disturbed soil samples obtained
from standard split spoon sampler for all the above standard penetration tests were
collected in polythene bags of suitable size. These samples were properly sealed,
labelled, recorded and carefully transported to the laboratory for testing.
4.3.2 Undisturbed soil samples were collected from the bore holes at every 3.00 m interval
in depth & at change of strata as per sampling specifications, in thin walled sampling
tubes of 100 mm dia and 450 mm length fitted to an adopter with ball and socket
arrangement. These sampling tubes after retrieval from the bore holes were properly
waxed and sealed at both ends. These were carefully labeled and transported to the
laboratory for testing. Undisturbed soil samples wherever slipped during lifting, were
duly marked in the field bore logs as well as in the soil profile.
4.3.3 Disturbed soil samples were also collected from the bore holes at suitable
depths/intervals to supplement the boring records. These samples were collected in
polythene bags of suitable size. These samples were properly sealed, labeled, recorded
& carefully transported to the laboratory for testing.
4.3.4 The depth of ground water table was checked / measured in all bore holes after
stabilization of ground water in the bore holes. The ground water table was 2.85m to
6.00m from natural ground level in the bore hole during the boring activity.
4.3.5 Summary of bore holes:
The soil is removed from the box and test is repeated on the identical specimen under
increased normal load.
For consolidated un drained test the specimen is prepared and set in the apparatus as above
and after submergence, the specimen is allowed to consolidate fully under normal loads. The
specimen is then sheared as in un drained test. At the end of the test, the specimen is removed
and its final water content is determined. The test is repeated on other identical specimen in
similar way under increasing normal loads.
For drained test, after completion of consolidation under a particular normal load, specimen
is sheared at a slow rate to allow the pore water inside the specimen drain out. Final water
content of failed specimen is determined. The test is repeated on other identical specimen
after consolidation under increasing normal loads.
Depth(m) C Ø γeff eo Cc
Depth(m) C Ø γeff eo Cc
(degree)
From To
METROGEOTECHS & CONSTRUCTIONS
Sheet No 9
Geotechnical Investigation Report for Upgradation of Hajipur-Muzaffarpur section of the existing NH-
77 to 4- Lane dual carriageway configuration of the section starting from km 0.00 (Ramashish Chowk)
to km 46.300 and construction of 16.870 km new bypass starting at km 46.300 and connecting NH-28 of
East-West Corridor at km 515.045 in the state of Bihar on BOT (Annuity) basis under NHDP Phase-
III. Location: Construction of Viaduct span in ROB-I on Hajipur-Muzaffarpur NH-77 Road Project
(kg/cm2) (gm/cc)
0.0 1.5 Filled up
1.5 3.0 0.0 30 1.70
3.0 6.0 0.50 13 0.72 0.75 0.066
6.0 11.5 0.85 8 0.80 0.75 0.064
11.5 16.5 0.0 30 0.84
16.5 20.0 0.0 32 0.88
20.0 25.0 0.0 33 0.91
25.0 31.5 0.0 34 0.95
31.5 33.0 0.85 7 0.98 0.63 0.052
33.0 40.0 0.75 8 1.04 0.60 0.048
Depth(m) C Ø
γeff eo Cc
From To (kg/cm2) (degree) (gm/cc)
0.0 1.5 Filled up
Depth(m) C Ø
γeff eo Cc
From To (kg/cm2) (degree) (gm/cc)
0.0 3.0 Filled up
3.0 6.0 0.0 29 0.71
6.0 11.5 0.65 10 0.78 0.77 0.065
Depth(m) C Ø
γeff eo Cc
From To (kg/cm2) (degree) (gm/cc)
0.0 4.5 0.0 28 0.73
4.5 7.5 0.7 10 0.77 0.79 0.066
7.5 11.5 0.95 8 0.80 0.77 0.062
11.5 14.0 0.0 32 0.80
14.0 16.0 0.0 33 0.81
16.0 20.0 0.0 33 0.84
20.0 25.0 0.0 33 0.87
25.0 30.0 1.10 8 0.88 0.72 0.058
30.0 35.0 1.15 7 0.94 0.68 0.052
35.0 40.0 1.30 6 1.03 0.62 0.048
6.6 At the locations of BH-6 (RE Wall, LHS, Chainage- 0+310.311, GRL-48.678)
(a) From existing ground surface to 1.50m depths consists of filled up.
(b) From 1.50m to 4.50m depths consists of light grayish silty sand (SM) having SPT
field ‘N’ values ranging from 7 to 10 showing loose compactness of the strata.
(c) From 4.50m to 6.00m depths consists of light grayish sandy silt of low plasticity
(ML-CL) having SPT field ‘N’ value 14 showing stiff consistency of the strata.
(d) From 6.00m to 12.00m depths consists of dark grayish clayey silt of medium
plasticity (CI) having SPT field ‘N’ values ranging from 17 to 26 showing very stiff
consistency of the strata.
(e) From 12.00m to 20.00m depths consists of grayish silty sand (SM) having SPT field
‘N’ values ranging from 21 to 44 showing medium to dense compactness of the strata.
The layer wise strength parameters at this location are as below:
Depth(m) C Ø
γeff eo Cc
From To (kg/cm2) (degree) (gm/cc)
0.0 1.5 Filled up 1.0
1.5 3.0 0.0 29 1.69 0.71
3.0 4.5 0.0 29 0.72
4.5 6.0 0.5 12 0.72 0.74 0.068
6.0 12.0 0.7 10 0.87 0.71 0.064
12.0 20.0 0.0 32 0.93
6.7 At the locations of BH-7 (RE Wall, RHS, Chainage- 0+240.350, GRL-46.677)
(a) From existing ground surface to 1.50m depths consists of filled up.
(b) From 1.50m to 4.50m depths consists of light grayish silty sand (SM) having SPT
field ‘N’ values ranging from 8 to 9 showing loose compactness of the strata.
(c) From 4.50m to 10.50m depths consists of dark grayish clayey silt of medium
plasticity (CI) having SPT field ‘N’ values ranging from 16 to 20 showing very stiff
consistency of the strata.
(d) From 10.50m to 16.50m depths consists of grayish fine sand (SP-SM) having SPT
field ‘N’ values ranging from 28 to 36 showing medium to dense compactness of the
strata.
(e) From 16.50m to 20.00m depths consists of grayish fine sand (SP) having SPT field
‘N’ values ranging from 40 to 47 showing dense compactness of the strata.
The layer wise strength parameters at this location are as below:
Depth(m) C Ø
γeff eo Cc
From To (kg/cm2) (degree) (gm/cc)
0.0 1.5 Filled up 1.0
1.5 3.0 0.0 29 1.69 0.72
3.0 4.5 0.0 29 0.80
4.5 10.0 0.85 8 0.80 0.78 0.075
10.0 16.0 0.0 33 0.83
16.0 20.0 0.0 34 0.93
The observed and corrected value of SPT ‘N’ is given on respective SPT Curves & Borelogs.
(B) THE GROUND WATER LEVEL : -
The ground water level was observed in the bore holes and its depth varies from 2.85
m to 6.0m depth below existing ground surface.
The RL of ground water varies from 43.871 to 45.678, however the RL of existing
ground water may be considered at 43.871m to be on safer side.
For design purposes the ground water table may be considered at RL 41.871 i.e. 2.0m
above the observed one, as the ground water table may rise in heavy rainy season or
due to unforeseen reason.
7.0 PROPOSED TYPE AND DEPTH OF FOUNDATIONS:
Based upon the results of field investigations, laboratory test results, type of structure
likely to come at this site & further discussions held with the client, the following type
of foundations have been analyzed herein below : -
The settlement of cohesive layers below the foundation level and up to the zone of Influence
are computed by using the following equation as per IS 8009, part-I.
S = ∆HxCc/(1+e0) x log10 ((P0+∆P)/P0)
Where e0 = initial voids ratio
P0 = initial stress at centre of layer
∆P = increase in stress due to imposed load on footing
Cc = Compression Index
∆H = Thickness of layer
The relevant soil parameters have been adopted from table in clause 6.0.
The settlement of cohesion less layers below the foundation level and up to the zone of
Influence are computed by using the chart of settlement Vs SPT ‘N’ given on page 17 of IS
8009, part-I.
The relevant soil parameters may be adopted from table in clause 6.0.
For Isolated, Strip and Raft footings, the zone of influence below the foundation depth is
considered equal to 2.0B, where B is the width of foundation.
The following total permissible settlements have been considered
for Isolated footing = 50 mm
for Strip footing = 60 mm
for Raft footing = 75 mm
The relevant soil parameters have been adopted from the bore log enclosed with the report.
The values of settlement obtained as above are corrected applying the Fox’s depth correction
factor and rigidity factor.
The safe vertical load carrying capacity of Normal bored Cast in situ RCC piles
n
Qu= Ap (cp.Nc. + ½ r D Nr + PD Nq) + ∑ (Asi Ki Pdi tanδ + ai ci). ..... Ref B-6 of above code
i=1
D = Diameter of Pile in m.
ai = adhesion factor for ith layer, obtained from the fig.-2, page -11 of above code,
Nc =9,
PD = Effective overburden pressure at pile toe ( maximum depth = 15D for Ø <300
to 20 D for Ø >400)
δ= Angle of wall friction = friction angle of soil around the RCC pile stem = 3/4 Ø
As the cohesion less strata get loosened during boring operation for making pile, hence
property of loose cohesion less strata is considered for all cohesion less strata i.e. c=0.0
T/m2, Ø = 280
The safe lateral load capacity have been computed as per IS: 2911, Pt-I, sec-2-2010 as
explained in annexed sample calculation.
Sl. No. Bore Hole pH Chloride (as Cl) Sulphate (as SO3)
(ppm) (ppm)
1 BH-1(P-5) 7.1 316 234
2 BH-2(P-4) 7.1 334 211
3 BH-3(P-2) 7.2 323 218
4 BH-4(P-1) 7.1 411 276
5 BH-5(A-1) 7.3 367 243
6 BH-6 (RE Wall) 7.2 351 269
7 BH-7(RE Wall) 7.4 387 289
Permissible Limit as per IS: 456-2000 >6 500 400
The results of chemical test for both soil and water are within the permissible limit as
per Indian Standard Code
11.0 CONCLUSION WITH RECOMMENDATIONS:
Depending on the field and laboratory observations of subsoil strata, test results and the
type of structures proposed at site, the most feasible soil-foundation system is
recommended as bored-cast-in situ pile of 1000/1200mm diameter. The safe load
carrying capacities are given in following table.
Dia of Cut-off level Length of Safe load carrying capacity Depth of
piles below EGL. piles below (T) virtual
(mm) (mm) cut-off In In uplift Lateral fixity
(m) compressi Capacity below
on cut
off(m)
At Location of BH-1 (P-5)
18.0 211.4 61.0 16.4 8.75
20.0 228.2 69.3 16.4 8.75
1000 200
22.0 245.1 77.7 16.4 8.75
24.0 261.7 86.0 16.4 8.75
18.0 301.1 76.3 19.7 9.972
20.0 324.3 87.9 19.7 9.972
1200 200
22.0 347.6 99.4 19.7 9.972
24.0 370.5 110.9 19.7 9.972
At Location of BH-2 (P-4)
1000 200 18.0 173.4 51.4 16.4 8.75
20.0 188.5 58.9 16.4 8.75
22.0 203.5 66.4 16.4 8.75
However before adopting the above values of safe load capacity of pile foundation for
design purposes, these should be verified through pile load tests at site as per IS:2911
(part-IV).
For RE Wall Structure following capacity for Strip footing has been calculated:
The SBC for intermediate depths and widths may be obtained from interpolation between
above values.
12.0 CLOSURE
We appreciate the opportunity given to us to submit this report. This presented report is based
on observations and tests on samples collected from the boreholes as decided by the client. In
case any difference is noticed in the field subsoil strata and reported subsoil strata during
excavation please contact us before proceeding with further construction.
(M K Srivastava)
M.Tech. (Soil Mechanics & Foundation Design)