We're now going to discuss Measurement, or as it's more commonly known,

Quantity Take-Off in this module. We're going to cover cut and

fill, deep foundations, concrete, structural steel facade and
interiors. So what is measurement? It's quantity take-off from drawings,
a list of materials with quantities that are required to
build a design structure or item. You carry it out by using
a scale rule manually, that is, or using various software programs,
such as AutoCAD and On-Screen Takeoff. So you carry out your measurement
using either a scale rule or a software program such as AutoCAD and
On-Screen Takeoff. So you measure the item and
you record the quantity. For example,
a 20 foot length of skirting board. So why is measurement important? It's effective
for procurement aiming to
provide clients with projects that achieve good value for money. The key objectives
include
accurate budgets that are prepared before work commences and the
correct price paid when work is completed, which is very much to do with
procurement. Measurement is a crucial process
bringing these activities together, it forms a central link between design and
cost. So who will use the measurement? Here's a few examples. A project manager may
require the gross
floor area of a proposed hospital to establish a building budget at
the initial stage of contract. A cost manager may calculate
the approximate quantities of work during the design
development stage to produce a cost plan to check how
realistic the building budget is. Another example could be a cost estimator
carrying out quantity takeoffs from detailed drawings to produce a bill
of quantities for bid purposes. It could be a new school project, where an
estimator may need to measure
the quantities from the bid drawings and specifications as part of their own
bid submission for that project. And also during the actual construction
stage a contractor will present measured change orders as part of a final account.
So the purpose. The purpose of measuring any building work
is to establish the correct amount of work to be carried out. This involves
producing accurate
quantities that are fully comprehensive, technically accurate, clear and
logical in its approach and presentation. Okay, we're going to look at facade now
So the facade is the face or
exterior of a building, especially the principal front that
looks onto a street or open space. The original meaning of facade is
the front or face of a building, but in general construction measurements, it is
typically referring to
the outer area of the building. So, not always just the front face. Within facade
you've got many different
types of materials that might build it up the facade. We're just going to have
a look at masonry now. And on the screen some really good
examples of some very historic buildings, both of which are in New York City. So
you've got Grand Central Station
Terminal there with a Stein facade, and then you've got the Flatiron building
there also with a mixture of stone and brick facade. So masonry. Masonry within the
masonry trades, you have several types of walls and
components. As I just mentioned there, you got stone,
you got brick, you got concrete. So they're three of
the main types of masonry. You got many different types though. Masonry is also
referred to as
block walls, and the CMU, so CMU is concrete masonry unit. Masonry can be part of
the building's
structural system too. When they are part of the structural
system they're referred to as sheer walls or load bearing walls. Quantifying
masonry walls. Masonry walls are measured in square foot,
so it's length of the wall by
the height of the wall. It's as simple as that. So when you're recording your
measurement
you need to take your measurement sheets or if you're using your
computer's software, make sure you set it up effectively and
very, very clear. You need to make sure you
have your project name, the date, so
all of the project information there. The heading of the measurement
you're carrying out. So for example, masonry. Then also go into a bit
more further detail and describe what type of
mason you're covering, because you could have internal masonry,
you could have masonry on the site works. So this is the exterior walls,
which forms part of the facade. So it's a key to give some
very good descriptions there, of the actual wall itself. So here we've got a
thickness
of eight inch thick. So you start measuring the masonry
facade from the architectural and structural floor plans. Multiply the height, so
the floor to the bottom of the slab
above to get the area of the wall. Now every project is different and you
need to make sure you look at the design stage you're at, but typically you measure
over door openings and window openings. When the masonry is part
of structural system, it's best to quantify the masonry walls
from the structural drawings first and refer to the architectural to
better understand the system. And then quantify the masonry
from the architectural plans. It's best to quantify the exterior walls
separately from the interior walls. Another form of a facade
is a glass curtain wall. This term is typically used to
describe exterior glass wall systems. A curtain wall is defined as a thin,
usually aluminum-framed wall, containing in-fills of glass, metal panels, or
even thin stone type of material. The framing is attached to the building
structure and does not carry the floor or roof loads of the building. Now you see
curtain walling these
days in a lot of buildings. It seems to be the norm. It looks fantastic. And here's
a few examples. So you've got the Willis
building there in Chicago, formerly known as the Sears Tower. You've got the Shard
in London, a fantastic example there of
glass curtain wall facades. And lastly, recently completed, the One
World Trade Center that looks fantastic. All of these use a glass
curtain wall system. So glass curtain walls, if the glass
wall is in front of on the slab, then it is referred to as curtain wall. The type
of glass,
the size of the aluminum frame, and the finish of the aluminum frame
affects the price of the curtain wall. Again, typical of most facades, the
straightforward way to measure
it is on a square foot basis. So it is the length of the wall
by the height of the wall. What's really important here is
don't forget to read the curtain wall spec section your design pack.