Quoting

= using someone else's exact words and putting them into "quotation marks"

The words quoted must match the original source exactly: word for word, comma for comma

The text must say who the quote is from in the text and it must match the name in the reference list

e.g. "Good writing is like good cooking." (Williams and Carroll 57)

OR

Williams and Carroll think that "Good writing is like good cooking." (p. 57)

OR

According to Williams and Carroll, "Good writing is like good cooking." (57)

You need a very good reason to use a quote!

It must be relevant to your work.

SO, How do I quote?

1.    Copy the part of text you wish to quote

2. integrate the quote into your writing so that it fits in with the text

3. Add the author of the source in parentheses before or after the quote (and page number).

4. Add the source into your "works Cited" list

e.g. Teaching middle school “is a circus, a challenging one that requires good planning, quick thinking, and a
healthy dose of humour.” (Kiester p. 43)

Paraphrasing

= indirect quoting = not using exact words

= NO quotation marks

= must be your own words!

= simplifying and clarifying a piece of someone else's text and rewriting it in your own words without
changing the original meaning.

- the author must be cited in the text and it must match the reference list.

e.g. Williams and Carroll compare good cooking to good writing. (p. 57)

OR

Sometimes cooking has been compared to writing. (Williams, Carroll p. 57)

How to Paraphrase:

1. Read the original until you understand the full meaning.

2. Look up difficult words in the dictionary.
3. Underline/highlight the key words.
4. Rewrite the sentences trying to simplify the structure and vocabulary without changing the meaning.
5. Put the original text away and rewrite the paraphrase in your own words.
 6. Check the original - make sure your version is different.
7. Cite the source in the text and in the Works Cited list.

HOT Tips for Paraphrasing

1. Use your own words: Change the sentence structure; Use

synonyms (nouns, verbs and adjectives)
A General Rule: Do not use more than three words of the source material in a row.

Exercise 1: Find synonyms for the underlined words then paraphrase with a new structure:

a. President McKinley and his administration, as well as many newspapers, justified American
imperialism in the Philippines on humanitarian grounds.

administration = _______________________ imperialism= ______________________________

many newspapers =_____________________ on humanitarian grounds= ____________________

American __________________ was justified by __________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

b. China is one of the largest, most populous, most ethnically diverse countries in the
world.

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

2. Use Reporting Verbs & Phrases:

state report announce stress argue respond
claim suggest express believe demonstrate show

According to , In …’s view… As … explains, …

Circle 3 of the above reporting verbs that you have not used before when
paraphrasing. Then look out for opportunities to use them.