10

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
Misamis Street, Bago-Bantay, Quezon City

UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS

(USLeM)
Compose a Research Report on a Relevant Issue
Fourth Quarter - Week 5
(Summary, Paraphrase, Quotation, and Citation)

ENGLISH
Development & Editorial Team
Writer: Elizabeth S. Cuizon
Illustrator:
Content Editors: Jay Boy E. Evano, Ana Liza C. Canilang Dr. Ma. Carmen D. Solayao
Language Editors: Ana Liza C. Canilang, Olga M. Tabangcay, Monica S. Lontok
Management Team: Dr. Malcom S. Garma, Regional Director - NCR
Dr. Sheryll T. Gayola, SDS SDO-Marikina City
Dr. Genia V. Santos, CLMD Chief - NCR
Dr. Elisa O. Cerveza, CID Chief SDO-Marikina City
Regional EPS, Dr. Arnold C. Gatus
Dennis M. Mendoza, LR EPS - NCR
SDO EPS, Dr. Ma. Carmen D. Solayao
Ivy Coney A. Gamatero, LR EPS SDO-Marikina City
Nancy C. Mabunga, Librarian - NCR
Menere R. Nasiad, PDO SDO-Marikina City
Catherine C. Paningbatan, Librarian SDO-Marikina City

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Expectations
This module aims to aid you in composing a credible research report on a
relevant issue through the use of significant techniques as you incorporate essential ideas
and sources into your writing.

Specifically, it will help you:

1. Take note of relevant information from multiple prints and digital sources using
summary, paraphrase, and quotation; and
2. Cite sources following the APA (American Psychological Association) format (in-text
and reference list).

Pre-Test
I. Directions: Write the letter that corresponds to the term described in each number.

A. paraphrasing B. quotation C. reference list

D. summarizing E. citation F. in-text citation

_____ 1. It provides the information necessary for a reader to locate and retrieve any source
you cite in the body of the paper. It appears at the end of the paper.
_____ 2. It involves putting a passage from source material into your own words. It must also
be attributed to the original source and is usually shorter than the original passage
_____ 3. It must be identical to the original, using a narrow segment of the source. They (It)
must match the source document word for word and must be attributed to the
original author.
_____ 4. It involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, including only the main
point(s). It is significantly shorter than the original and take a broad overview of the
source.
_____ 5. It is a reference to the source of information used in your research. It also gives
your readers the information necessary to find that source again and helps them
distinguish your ideas from those of your sources.
II. Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

6. This type of citation uses the author’s last name and the year of publication
A. parenthetical citation C. in-text citation
B. LMA citation D. paragraph-number citation

7. This type of citation uses the author’s last name, the year of publication, and the
page number
A. parenthetical citation C. in-text citation
B. LMA citation D. paragraph-number citation

7. In order to provide due credit, an author can use the APA citation formatting. What
does APA stand for?

A. American Performers Association

B. American Psychological Association
C. Asynchronous Physical Arrangement
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D. Asynchronous Performance Appraisal

9. Which of the following should be done when you want to establish the background,
offer an overview of a topic, and want to describe knowledge (from several sources)
about a topic?
A. summarizing C. citing
B. paraphrasing D. quoting

10. If you want to add the power of an author’s words to support your argument or to
highlight particular eloquent or powerful phrases or passages in your writing, which of
these should you use?
A. summarizing C. citing
B. paraphrasing D. quoting

Looking Back
Directions: In your own words, discuss each terminology briefly by accomplishing the
concept map below.
The writing
process

Proofreading Prewriting
________________ _______________
________________ _______________
________________ _______________

Revising Writing
________________ ________________
________________ ________________
________________ ________________

Brief Introduction
In this time of advance technology, every piece of information is readily available at
your fingertips. However, one needs to be mindful of the authenticity or truthfulness of the
ideas before utilizing them. The ability to recognize the relevant pieces of information will be
useful in writing your research report.
After collecting all relevant information and concepts, you may now integrate such
information into your paper. However, you need to know that there are unintentional
incidents of plagiarism that could lead to serious consequences. In this regard, you need a
guide on how to have a better grasp of the information that is relevant to your topic while
building credibility of your paper. In this lesson, you are going to ascertain ways of

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incorporating other writers’ work into your writing. Here are the following ways to incorporate
your sources.
1. Quotation – must be identical to the original, using a narrow segment of the source.
They must match the source document word for word and must be attributed to the
original author.
 Consider any words, phrases, or brief passages that you believe should be
quoted directly.
When to use it?
 To add the power of an author’s words to support your argument
 To disagree with an author’s argument
 To highlight particularly eloquent or powerful phrases or passages
 To compare and contrast specific points of view
 To note the important research that precedes your own
2. Paraphrasing – involves putting a passage from source material into your own
words. It must also be attributed to the source. Paraphrased material is usually
shorter than the original passage, taking a somewhat broader segment of the source
and condensing it slightly.
 Paraphrase important supporting points that come up in the essay.
When to use it?
 To clarify a short passage from a text
 To avoid overusing quotations
 To explain a point when exact wording isn’t important
 To explain the main points of a passage
 To report numerical data or statistics (preferred in APA papers)
3. Summarizing – involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, including only
the main point(s). Summaries are significantly shorter than the original and take a
broad overview of the source material.
When to use it?
 To establish background or offer an overview of a topic
 To describe knowledge (from several sources) about a topic
 To determine the main ideas of a single source

Examples:
Below is a passage taken from Raymond S. Nickerson’s “How We Know-and Sometimes
Misjudge-What Others Know: Imputing One’s Own Knowledge to Others.” Psychological
Bulletin 125.6 (1999): p737.
“In order to communicate effectively with other people, one must have a reasonably
accurate idea of what they do and do not know that is pertinent to the communication.
Treating people as though they have knowledge that they do not have can result in
miscommunication and perhaps embarrassment. On the other hand, a fundamental rule of
conversation, at least according to a Gricean view, is that one generally does not convey to
others information that one can assume they already have.”

Quotation Paraphrasing Summarizing

As stated by Nickerson Nickerson (1999) suggests that Nickerson (1999) argues that
(1999: 737): effective communication clear communication hinges
“In order to communicate depends on a generally upon what an audience does
effectively with other accurate knowledge of what the and does not know. It is
people, one must have a audience knows. If a speaker crucial to assume the
reasonably accurate idea assumes too much knowledge audience has neither too

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of what they do and do about the subject, the audience much nor too little knowledge
not know that is pertinent will either misunderstand or be of the subject, or the
to the communication...” bewildered; however, assuming communication may be
too little knowledge among inhibited by either confusion
Note the publication year those in the audience may or offense (Nickerson 1999:
and page reference have cause them to feel patronized 737).
been given, and the (Nickerson 1999: 737).
quote is clearly marked Notice that the writer both
The writer re-words Nickerson's paraphrases Nickerson's
as such with quotation
idea about what determines ideas about effective
marks.
effective communication. He communication and
captures the entire passage and compresses them into two
re-expresses in a new language. sentences. The writer
while being careful in giving him condenses, captures only
credit. main points, and re-
expresses the main idea in a
new language.

 Provide support for claims or add credibility to your writing

 Refer to work that leads up to the work you are now doing
 Give examples of several points of view on a subject
 Call attention to a position that you wish to agree or
Why do we use them? disagree with
 Highlight a particularly striking phrase, sentence, or
passage by quoting the original
 Distance yourself from the original by quoting it in order to
cue readers that the words are not your own
 Expand the breadth or depth of your writing

4. Citation – is a reference to the source of information used in your research. It also

gives your readers the information necessary to find that source again and helps
them distinguish your ideas from those of your sources. This will actually emphasize
the originality of your own work.
American Psychological Association (APA) style
 In-text citation - refers to any citation in your text which uses the author’s last name
and the year of publication.
When integrating a summary or paraphrase, use the author-date-system.
Author’s name Examples of usage
1. The author’s name is Gass and Varonis (1984) found that the most important element
part of the narrative. in comprehending non-native speech is familiarity with the topic.
(narrative citation)
2. The author’s name is One study found that the most important in comprehending
cited in parenthesis non-native speech is familiarity with the topic (Gass and
Varonis, 1984).

3. Multiple works Research shows that listening to a particular accent improves

(separate each work with comprehension of accented speech in general (Gass and
semicolons) Varonis, 1984; Krech Thomas, 2004).

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4. In direct quotation, the Gass and Varonis (1984) found that “the listeners’ familiarity
author’s name is a part of with the topic of discourse greatly facilitates the interpretation of
the narrative. the entire message” (p.84).
5. In direct quote, the One study found that “the listeners’ familiarity with the topic of
author’s name is in discourse greatly facilitates the interpretation of the entire
parenthesis.(parenthetical message” (Gass and Varonis, 1984, p.85).
citation)
 Words like remarked, advocated, maintained, mentioned, pointed out, reasoned,
revealed, can be used to introduce quotations.

in-text
citation 1 author 2 authors 3 or more authors Group authors
Narrative Smith Mihrshahi & Baur Hewit et al. (2016) Department of
citation (2007) (2018) Health (2020)

Parenthetical (Smith, (Mihrshahi & Baur, (Hewit et al., 2016) (Department of

citation: 2007) 2018) Health, 2020)

 Reference list - appears at the end of your paper. It provides the information
necessary for a reader to locate and retrieve any source you cite in the body of the
paper. Each source you cite in the paper must appear in your reference list; likewise,
each entry in the reference list must be cited in your text.

Format
examples Format Examples
Author’s last name, first initial. Allen, T. (1974). Vanishing Wildlife of
Books (Publication date). Book title. North America. Washington, D.C.:
Additional information. City of National Geographic Society.
publication: Publishing company.
Author’s last name, first initial. (Date). Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In
Encyclopedia Title of Article. Title of Encyclopedia The New Encyclopedia Britannica (Vol.
and (Volume, pages). City of publication: 26, pp. 501-508). Chicago:
dictionary Publishing company. Encyclopedia Britannica.

Author’s last name, first initial.
Magazine (Publication date). Article title.
and Periodical title, volume number (issue
newspaper number if available), inclusive pages.
articles
Online periodical: Author’s name.
(Date of publication). Title of article.
Title of Periodical, volume number,
Website or Retrieved month day, year, from full
Webpage
URL
Online document: Author’s name.
(Date of publication). Title of work.
Retrieved month day, year, from full
URL
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Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making
the grade in today’s schools. Time, 135,
28-31.
Kalette, D. (1986, July 21). California
town counts town to big quake. USA
Today, 9, p. A1.
Devitt, T. (2001, August 2). Lightning
injures four at music festival. The Why?
Files. Retrieved January 23, 2002, from
http://whyfiles.
org/137lightning/index.html
Dove, R. (1998). Lady freedom among
us. The Electronic Text Center.
Retrieved June 19, 1998, from Alderman
Library, University of Virginia website:
http://etext.lib.
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virginia.edu/subjects/afam.html

References: Celebrating Diversity through World Literature pp. 239-241, 182-185, 470
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/using_research/quoting_paraphrasing_and_summa
rizing/index.html
https://writingcenter.gmu.edu/guides/when-to-summarize-paraphrase-and-quote
https://lib.usm.edu/plagiarism_tutorial/howto_para_summ.html

Activities
Integrate to Create!
A. Directions: Your teacher asks you to write an essay on why students should proofread
their work. While looking for additional information, you come across the following excerpt
from a blog written by Alex Turner:
“Students must remember to proofread their work to improve the quality and clarity of
their research papers. For example, editing helps students to delete the unnecessary words
in sentences. In this case, editing enhances clarity and flow of information in sentences.
Also, this process ensures that students correct spelling mistakes, grammar, and sentence
structures. Along these lines, people must re-read their works severally to remove inevitable
errors made during the writing process. Besides, research papers with minimal grammatical
mistakes achieve high scores. Thus, every student must remember to proofread the work
when writing a research paper to remove possible grammatical errors” (Turner, 2019, par.
4).

Reference: (Turner, A. (2019). Writing a Research Paper, paragraph 4. From Wr1ter website:
https://wr1ter.com/writing-a-research-paper)

Integrate the entire excerpt in your essay using quotation, paraphrasing, and summarizing.
Be sure to cite the source in your answers using the APA in-text citation.

1. In your own words, write the best paraphrase you can of Turner’s passage.
Alex Turner, author of the blog, Writing a Research Paper pointed out that…
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2. Using what you have learned, write the best summary you can of Turner’s passage.
Turner reiterated to the students that…
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___________________________________________________________________.

3. Rewrite your summary or paraphrase to include a quotation from Turner’s passage.

It is important for students to proofread their work because as Alex Turner stated…
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___________________________________________________________________.

Cite What You Write!

B. Directions: Given this topic, “Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Education”, look for
relevant concepts and information that you can incorporate into your writing. Accomplish the
graphic organizer below by properly citing your references using the APA format.

Impacts of the COVID-19

Pandemic on Education
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Magazine or pdf, e-books, other
newspaper articles sources
__________________
__________________ _________________
__________________ Website or webpage _________________
________________ ___________________ _________________
___________________
___________________
Remember ___________________
The integrity of your research report depends on the credible sources of information that
you will incorporate in your paper and how well you employ the following skills:
1. Quotations - must be identical to the original, using a narrow segment of the
source. They must match the source document word for word and must be
attributed to the original author.
2. Paraphrasing - involves putting a passage from source material into your own
words. A paraphrase must also be attributed to the original source. Paraphrased
material is usually shorter than the original passage, taking somewhat broader
segment of the source and condensing it slightly.
3. Summarizing - involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, including
only the main point(s). Summaries are significantly shorter than the original and
take a broad overview of the source material.
4. Citation – is a reference to the source of information used in your research. Any
time you directly quote, paraphrase or summarize the essential elements of
someone else's idea in your work, an in-text citation should follow.

Checking Your Understanding

Directions: Read the excerpt and take note of relevant information using summary,
paraphrase, and quotations. Then, cite your answers using the APA in-text citation.
An excerpt from the article by Taylor Howard entitled, “5 Ways to Take Care of your
Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic”

Original text
“While staying at home to protect your family and community during the Coronavirus
(COVID-19) pandemic, you may be feeling a heightened level of anxiety and stress. Our

• ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
1. Summarize ________________________________________________
(in-text
citation)

• ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
2. Paraphrase _____________________________________________
(narrative
citation)

• ______________________________________________________
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3. Qoute
________________________________________________
(parenthetical
citation)
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day-to-day life looks very different than it did a few weeks ago, and relaxing may seem more
difficult today than it was before our lives became consumed by COVID-19. Everyone has
been impacted by this in some way and taking care of your mental health is more important
now than ever...”

Post-Test
A. Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. When should you use in-text citation in your paper?
A. At the end of each page
B. At the end of every paragraph
C. Whenever you make a summary on your paper
D. Whenever information has come from another source
2. For all quoted material, an in-text citation must include:
A. The author’s last name, year, and the title of the source
B. The author’s last name, year, and page/paragraph number
C. The author’s last name, title of source, and page number
D. The author’s last name, title of source, and page/paragraph number
3. Which of the following in-text citations is the correct format for a source with 3 or
more authors?
A. Bordeos, et. al, 2016
B. Bordeos, et. al., (2016)
C. (Bordeos, Capila, Flores, 2016)
D. (Bordeos, Capila, Flores, Gerenguillo, & Quizon, 2016)
4. Which of the following examples includes a properly formatted in-text citation for a
paraphrase?
A. Online learning is not a promising alternative to distance education…
(Bordeos, 2015).
B. Distance Learning Delivery Modalities (Bordeos, 2015) have undergone a
major breakthrough…
C. Online learning is not a promising alternative to distance education…
Bordeos, 2015
D. Bordeos, 2015, Distance Learning Delivery Modalities have undergone a
breakthrough…
5. Which of the following is properly formatted for a reference list?
A. Identifying Topics, Main Ideas, and Supporting Details ,
https://www.cuesta.edu/student/resources/ssc/study_guides/reading_com
p/307_read_main_idea.html (Accessed on January 20, 2021)
B. https://www.cuesta.edu/student/resources/ssc/study_guides/reading_com
p/307_read_main_idea.html, Identifying Topics, Main Ideas, and
Supporting Details, (Accessed on January 20, 2021)
C. Identifying Topics, Main Ideas, and Supporting Details ,
https://www.cuesta.edu/student/resources/ssc/study_guides/reading_com
p/307_read_main_idea.html
D. https://www.cuesta.edu/student/resources/ssc/study_guides/reading_com
p/307_read_main_idea.html (Accessed on January 20, 2021)

B. Directions: Tell whether the examples below employ summarizing, paraphrasing,

or used direct quotations. Write your answer on the space provided.

Reference: https://www.tgh.org/news/tgh-news/5-ways-take-care-your-mental-health-during-
covid-19-pandemic
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_______ 6. While the extent of media coverage for hate crimes has risen and fallen over
time, these considerable shifts in media coverage bore no connection to the reality of
hate-based sentiment or activities (Colomb & Damphousse, 2004, p.160).
_______ 7. According to Leslie Berestein (2003), the Middle Eastern water pipe known
as the hookah recently "has been resurrected in youth-oriented coffee houses,
restaurants and bars, supplanting the cigar as the tobacco fad of the moment" (p. 10).

_______ 8. Belenko (2001), as cited in Henggeler et. al. (2006, p. 42), indicates that
cross-disciplinary collaborations between criminal justice and substance abuse
professionals within structured court and closely supervised environment help decrease
drug and alcohol abuse.
_______ 9. Conservation efforts traditionally have represented Yosemite as a work of art
marked by distinct borders (Solnit 263). While Solnit acknowledges that this
representation may serve to protect the park, she also suggests that it limits the
individual’s relationship to the landscape (263).
_______ 10. Efforts to preserve Yosemite “as though it were a painting” create a
distance between the visitor and the landscape (Solnit 263). Solnit worries that such a
distance between nature and visitor implies that nature is “a place in which we do not
belong, a place in which we do not live, in which we are intruders” (263).

Answer Key:
10. quotation 10. D
9. summarizing 9. A
8. paraphrasing 8. B
7. quotation 7. A
6. paraphrasing 6. C
5. A 5. E
4. A 4. D
3. B 3. B
2. B 2. A
1. D 1. C
Post test Pretest:

References
1. Almonte, L. et. al, (2015). Celebrating Diversity through World Literature. Pasig City: REX
Book Store, Inc. pp 239-241, 182-185, 470, 482.
2. Broughton, K. (2020). Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing. Accessed on February 16,
2021 from
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/using_research/quoting_paraphrasing_and
_summarizing/index.html
3. Cifelli & Geck, (n.d.). Kean University Library. Updated by Linda Cifelli, May 29, 2013.
Retrieved from
https://www.kean.edu/~library/handouts/Answer_Guide_Citing_Sources_Avoiding_Plagiarism
_Scenarios.pdf. Accessed on February 18, 2021.
4. Gorman, J. (2 September 2003). Yosemite and the Invention of Wilderness. Retrieved from:
https://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/02/science/yosemite-and-the-invention-of-wilderness.html.
Accessed on February 18, 2021.
5. Howard, T. (11 April 2020). 5 Ways to Take Care of Your Mental Health. Retrieved from:
https://www.tgh.org/news/tgh-news/5-ways-take-care-your-mental-health-during-covid-19-
pandemic. Accessed on February 18, 2021.
6. Turner, A. (2019). Writing a Research Paper, par. 4. Retrieved from:
https://wr1ter.com/writing-a-research-paper. Accessed on February 17, 2021.
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7. How to Avoid Plagiarism: Paraphrasing and Summarizing. Retrieved from:
https://lib.usm.edu/plagiarism_tutorial/howto_para_summ.html. Accessed on February 17,
2021.
8. When to Summarize, Paraphrase, and Quote. Retrieved from:
https://writingcenter.gmu.edu/guides/when-to-summarize-paraphrase-and-quote. Accessed
on February 16, 2021.

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