Practice Test 17

READING SUB-TEST – QUESTION PAPER: PART A

TIME: 15 MINUTES

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

DO NOT open this Question Paper or the Text Booklet until you are told
to do so.
Write your answers on the spaces provided on this Question Paper.
You must answer the questions within the 15-minute time limit.
One mark will be granted for each correct answer.
Answer ALL questions.
Marks are NOT deducted for incorrect answers.
At the end of the 15 minutes, hand in this Question Paper and the Text
Booklet.
DO NOT remove OET material from the test room.
Text A
START ‘EM YOUNG — ‘CIGARETTE WITH YOUR MORNING
BREAST MILK?’
US researchers have found altered sleep patterns amongst breastfed infants of
mothers who smoke. Julie Mannella from the Monell Chemical Senses
Centre in Philadelphia recruited 15 breastfeeding mothers who smoked. Sleep
and activity patterns in their babies, which were aged between two and six
months, were monitored on two occasions over a three-hour period after the
children were fed. On both occasions the mothers were asked to abstain from
smoking for 12 hours before the study, but on one of the two occasions they
were allowed to smoke just before they fed their babies. The women were
also asked to avoid caffeinated drinks during the study.
Tests on the milk from mothers who had recently smoked confirmed that the
babies were receiving a significant increase in nicotine dose, and the team
found that the amount of sleep taken during the following three hours by
these babies fell from an average of 85 minutes to 53 minutes, a drop of
almost 40%. This is probably due to the neuro-stimulatory effects of nicotine,
which has been shown to inhibit regions of the brain which are concerned
with controlling sleep. It may also, suggests Manella, explain why neonatal
nicotine exposure has been linked in the past with long-term behavioural and
learning deficits, since these could be the consequence of sleep disturbance.
In light of these findings, mothers who smoke might want to consider
planning their smoking around their breastfeeding. Nicotine levels in milk
peak 30-60 minutes after smelting, but take three hours to return to baseline,
so this might be feasible.
Go to “1” “2” “3” “4” “5” “6” “7” “8” “9” “10”
Questions “11” “12” “13” “14” “15” “16” “17” “18” “19” “20”
Text B
Cigarette smoke
What is in smoke?
Scientific studies show that there can be around 4000 chemicals in cigarette
smoke. They can be breathed in by anyone near a smoker. They can also stick
to clothes, hair, skin, walls and furniture.
Some of these chemicals are:

tar - which has many chemicals in it some of which cause cancer

carbon monoxide - reduces the oxygen in blood - so people can
develop heart disease
poisons - including arsenic, ammonia and cyanide.
Go to “1” “2” “3” “4” “5” “6” “7” “8” “9” “10”
Questions “11” “12” “13” “14” “15” “16” “17” “18” “19” “20”

Text C
Passive smoking and respiratory function in very low birth weight
children
Abstract
Aim
To determine if an adverse relationship exists between passive smoking and
respiratory function in very low birth weight (VLBW) children at 11 years of
age.
Setting
The Royal Women’s Hospital. Melbourne.
Patients
154 consecutive surviving children of less than 1501 g birth weight born
during the 18 months from 1 October 2006.
Methods
Respiratory function of 120 of the 154 children (77.9%) at 11 years of age
was measured. Exposure to passive smoking was established by history; no
children were known to be actively smoking. The relationships between
various respiratory function variables and the estimated number of cigarettes
smoked by household members per day were analysed by linear regression
Results
Most respiratory function variables reflecting airflow were significantly
diminished with increasing exposure to passive smoking. In addition,
variables indicative of air-trapping rose significantly with increasing
exposure to passive smoking.
Conclusions
Passive smoking is associated with adverse respiratory function in surviving
VLBW children at 11 years of age. Continued exposure to passive smoking,
or active smoking, beyond 11 years may lead to further deterioration in
respiratory function in these children.
Go to “1” “2” “3” “4” “5” “6” “7” “8” “9” “10”
Questions “11” “12” “13” “14” “15” “16” “17” “18” “19” “20”
Part A
TIME: 15 minutes
• Look at the four texts, A-D, in the separate Text Booklet.
• For each question, 1-20, look through the texts, A-D, to find the relevant
information.
• Write your answers on the spaces provided in this Question Paper.
• Answer all the questions within the 15-minute time limit.
• Your answers should be correctly spelt.
QUESTIONS

Questions 1-7
For each question, 1-7, decide which text (A, B, C or D) the information
comes from. You may use any letter more than once.
In which text can you find information about
1. how many chemicals are there in cigarette smoke? _____
Go to “Text A” “Text B” “Text C”
2. which chemical/s in cigarette smoke cause/s cancer? _____
Go to “Text A” “Text B” “Text C”
3. when does nicotine levels in breast milk reach at peak? _____
Go to “Text A” “Text B” “Text C”
4. How does exposure to passive smoking was established in the study?
_____
Go to “Text A” “Text B” “Text C”
5. what happened to respiratory function variables reflecting airflow in the
study? _____
Go to “Text A” “Text B” “Text C”
6. what are the side effects of neonatal nicotine exposure? _____
Go to “Text A” “Text B” “Text C”
7. what are the poisons in cigarette smoke? _____
Go to “Text A” “Text B” “Text C”

Questions 8-13

Answer each of the questions, 8-13, with a word or short phrase from one of
the texts. Each answer may include words, numbers or both.

8. How much percentage does the sleep drop in the babies who had
significant nicotine dose?
Go to “Text A” “Text B” “Text C”
9. How much percentage of children at 11 years of age was measured for
respiratory function?
 Go to “Text A” “Text B” “Text C”
10. What was the maximum birth weight of babies who were considered for
the study?
Go to “Text A” “Text B” “Text C”
11. Which chemical component in cigarette smoke reduces the oxygen in
blood?
Go to “Text A” “Text B” “Text C”
12. Who recruited subjects for the study conducted by Monell Chemical
Senses Centre?
Go to “Text A” “Text B” “Text C”
13. Which chemical component in cigarette smoke is responsible for heart
disease?
Go to “Text A” “Text B” “Text C”

Questions 14-20
Complete each of the sentences, 14-20, with a word or short phrase from one
of the texts. Each answer may include words, numbers or both.
14. If children are continually exposed to active smoking, it can lead to _____
in respiratory function.
Go to “Text A” “Text B” “Text C”
15. Cigarette smoke can be breathed in by anyone near a _____.
Go to “Text A” “Text B” “Text C”
16. During the study some women were asked to avoid _____.
Go to “Text A” “Text B” “Text C”
17. _____ can also stick to clothes, hair, skin, walls and furniture.
Go to “Text A” “Text B” “Text C”
18. Variables indicative of _____ rose significantly with increasing exposure
to passive smoking.
Go to “Text A” “Text B” “Text C”
19. _____ of nicotine can inhibit regions of the brain which control sleep.
Go to “Text A” “Text B” “Text C”
20. The relationships between respiratory function variables and number of
cigarettes smoked per day were analysed by _____.