Lesson Philippine Literature

3 in American Period
Grade 12, First Semester, Q1 – Week 3

What I Know

Activity 1. Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer. Write the letter of your
answer on the blank before the number.
______1. Leads the modernization of poetry.
a. Zoilo Galang c. Jose Garcia Villa
b. Paz marquez Benitez d. Wilfredo Ma. Guerrero
______2. The first Philippine novel in English.
a. Have Come, Am Here b. A Child of Sorrow
b. Sons For Sale d. Dead Stars
______3. The first successful Philippine short story in English.
a. Have Come, Am Here b. A Child of Sorrow
b. Sons For Sale d. Dead Stars
______4.A prolific writer who wrote100 plays and helped the Philippine theater
scene reached new heights.
a. Zoilo Galang c. Jose Garcia Villa
b. Paz Marquez Benitez d. Wilfredo Ma. Guerrero
_____5. The first Philippine book of essays in English.
a. Stealer of hearts c. Condemned
b. Life and Success d. Souls in Torment
 What’s In
We have just learned in the previous lesson that different genres of literature existed
during the pre-colonial and Spanish period. Let us see if you can remember some
of those.

Activity 2.Identify and encircle horizontally, vertically and/or diagonally the

words discussed in the previous lesson.

E I A N N S O L O M O B A
I N L A G I N G H A N A D
Z G O I N N G S D U P L O
E E N D L A P L A Y S A B
N L Z A T K A M A N A G O
H E Z L O U M A M I T T A
O I N D O L E N C E P A L
R O S E L O B R I G H S T
W I N N E K O M E D Y A S
E P H R A I M O M M Y N R
A D N I L A S O R C A N E

What I Need to Know

Hello learners! We are now in Lesson 3.

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

1. Identify the geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of Philippine literary history
from pre-colonial to the contemporary ( );
2. Identify representative texts and authors from each region (e.g. engage in oral history
research with focus on key personalities from the students’ region/provinces( );
st
3. Compare and contrast the various 21 century literary genres and the ones from the
earlier genres/periods citing their elements, structures and tradition ( ); and,
4. Discuss how different contexts enhance the text’s meaning and enrich the reader’s
understanding ( ).

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 What’s New

The Filipino Revolutionists won against the Spaniards who colonized for
more than 300 years. On June 12, 1898 the Philippine flag was raised as a
symbol of our independence. Many Filipinos started writing again and the
nationalism of the people remain undaunted.
Activity 3. Guess what are the forms of literature did we have during the

American period by putting a check ( ) beside the word and
x if you think it was not done.
1. Poetry _____
2. Novels _____
3. Essays _____
4. News Reports ______
5. Short Stories ______

What Is It

th
At the dawn of the 20 century, American culture began to establish its form
grip on the Filipino identity. They brought another groundbreaking cultural
milestone: the English language. The Philippine writers appreciated the new styles
and genres of writing that they brought.
From the 1920s onwards, Philippine literature in English began to gain
momentum. The genres of poetry, fiction, drama, and essay saw remarkable growth.
Modernization of poetry took place. It was headed by Jose Garcia Villa in his
“Have Come, Am Here” in two volumes. Then many adopted. Novel was also introduced
in this period. Many vernacular novels were written. The first Philippine novel in English
was Zoilo Galang’s “A Child of Sorrow” which was published in 1921.
Short stories had its start during this period. The “Dead Stars” by Paz
Marquez Benitez in 1925 was the first successful Philippine short story in English.
She mentored other writers that in 1927, a collection of Philippine short stories in
English written by one author was published, Jose Villa Panganiban’s “Stealer of
Hearts”. It is then followed in 1933, “Footnote to Youth” by Jose Garcia Villa.
Drama was also introduced in this period. The three former UP Presidents
had legacies of excellent drama writing. Carlos P. Romulo who became President
of the United Nations General Assembly, wrote “Sons for Sale”, “The Ghost” and
“The Real Leader.” Jorge Bacobo published four plays: Vidal Tan gained fame with
Rizal inspired plays like “The Meeting in the Town Hall” and “Souls in Torment.”
From 1922-1931, nearly 40 plays were produced or published in the country.
These plays echod cries for independence from the American colonizers. The next
10 years were dominated by an all-time great in Philippine Literature: Wilfredo Ma.
Guerrero. A highly prolific writer to whom over 100 plays are credited. Guerrero
helped the Philippine theater scene reached new heights. His masterpieces
included, “Condemned” , “ Women are Extraordinary”, and “Forever”.
Essay genre flourished in this period too. Just as he was the pioneer in
fiction, Zoilo Galang broke new ground with essays as well. In 1921, he published
“Life and Success,” the first Philippine book of essays in English.
Literary criticism also emerged. Manuel A. Viray was among the most
notable critics, aside from being a poet and fictionist himself.
Source: Simoun Victor D. Redoblado, (Brilliant Creations Publishing, Inc., 2017:25-3).

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 What More
He
Let us study the masterpiece of Wilfredo Ma. Guerrero, “Condemned.”
It is a hallmark literary piece considered a legacy of the American influence.
The excerpt below reflects how the Americans helped fortify the Philippine
drama scene.

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Source: Simoun Victor D. Redoblado, (Brilliant Creations Publishing, Inc., 2017:31-38).

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Process Questions

Activity 4. Based on the given drama, answer the following questions briefly:

1. What conflicts are confronted by Pablo in this excerpt? Are his internal
struggles more difficult than his clashes with the other characters?
2. How would you describe Pablo’s relationship with the three women in this
excerpt? To whom is the closest?
3. Is Pablo a dynamic character in this excerpt? Does his character
experience significant change by the end of the play? Explain.
4. How would you evaluate Guerrero’s use of the English language in this
play? Can we consider “Condemned” to be a testament of Filipino’s
mastery of the language? Justify your claim by citing details from the
excerpt of the drama.

What I Have Learned

Activity 5. Answer the following questions by choosing the letter only.

Write it on the space provided before the number.

_____1. Who was Cristina in Pablo’s life?

a. mother b. fiancée c. wife d. sister
_____2. Why did Pablo hate his mother?
a. His mother loved gambling than him.
b. His mother left his father.
c. His mother abandoned him.
d. His mother did not teach him right attitude.
_____3. Did Pablo get angry with Tia Cheding when he learned that she did
not tell the true reason of his mother’s gambling.
a. YES b. NO (explain your answer)
_____4. Based on how the story was presented, did Pablo forgive his
mother? a. YES b. NO (explain your answer)
_____5. Based on how the story was presented, What was the ending of the
story?
a. Angela will be back to Marcos Nable.
b. Angela will be angry with Tia Cheding.
c. Angela and Tia Cheding will friends again.
d. Angela will take care of Cristina.

What I Can Do
Activity 6. State whether you “Agree” or Disagree” to the following
questions by justifying your claim.
1. If you were about to be married to a person who is sentenced to death,
will you still push through the marriage before his/her death? Why?
2. Is it right to blame anybody of the plight/condition you have in the future?
Why?

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Adopted: https://catlintucker.com/2018/08/middle-school-writing-rubrics/accessedJune 12,2020
Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer. Write the letter of your
answer on the blank before the number.
______1. In the story, “Condemned” what qualities did Pablo want for his mother.
a. A mother who would love him.
b. A mother would discipline him.
c. A mother who would not mind him.
d. Both a and b
______2. Pablo grew up with undesirable traits because
a. He has everything he wanted
b. He was tolerated by Tia Chedeng.
c. He lacked his mother’s love.
d. He was very poor.
______3. Cristina wanted to marry Pablo before his death because
a. She has no one to turn to.
b. Pablo’s mother was rich.
c. Pablo has wealth to leave her.
d. She loved Pablo very much.
______4.Whom did Pablo blame his life sentence?
a. The man who attempted to rape Cristina.
b. Cristina who walked alone that night.
c. His mother who left him since 10 years old.
d. Tia Chedeng for always understanding him.
______5.Who has the greatest love for Pablo.
a. His mother Angela.
b. His fiancée Cristina
c. His Aunt Tia Chedeng
d. His priest friend.
______6.Who was condemned in the play, “Condemned”
a. Angela.
b. Cristina
c. Pablo
d. All of the above

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
MAIGO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High Department – District of Maigo
Labu-ay, Maigo, Lanao del Norte
Contact number: 0921 830 1717
Email address: lawrence.lagasca@deped.gov.ph