PENGERTIAN DAN

PERAN AGROINDUSTRI
YERNISA, S.TP, M.SI
 Agenda
Pendahuluan
Pengertian Agroindustri
Peran Agroindustri

12/12/2022 PRESENTATION TITLE 2

 Pendahuluan
• Teknologi tidak
perlu terlalu
Dekade canggih
1990-an Produk olahan • Teknologi
Desa (tradisional) mudah diadopsi
Sosialisasi
pengembangan atau mudah
usaha diterapkan
agroindustri • Menyerap
tenaga kerja
• Menguntungkan
12/12/2022 PRESENTATION TITLE 3
 PENGERTIAN AGROINDUSTRI
➢ Agroindustri adalah suatu usaha/industri yang
mengolah bahan-bahan yang berasal dari tumbuhan
atau hewan.
➢ Pengolahan melibatkan transformasi dan
pengawetan melalui perubahan fisik atau
kimia, penyimpanan, pengemasan, dan distribusi.
Proses dan tingkat transformasi dapat sangat bervariasi
mulai dari pembersihan, penyortiran, dan pengemasan
apel hingga penggilingan beras hingga pemasakan,
pencampuran, dan perubahan kimia yang
menghasilkan makanan ringan nabati bertekstur.

4
12/12/2022
KARAKTERISTIK BAHAN
AGROINDUSTRI
Agroindustrial projects are unique because
of three characteristics of their raw
materials: seasonality, perishability, and
variability.
Seasonality
Because raw material for agroindustries is
biological, its supply is seasonal, available
at the end of the crop or livestock-
reproduction cycle. Although supplies of raw
material are usually available only during
one or two brief periods in the year, the
demand for the finished product is relatively
constant throughout the year.
6
https://www.pickyourown.org/GAharvestcalendar.htm
✓ Seasonality can also lead to a shortage in the working capital available to handle
the bulge in expenses and the heavy financial cost of carrying the inventory; such
financial shortages can lead to shortfalls in raw material procurement, causing
severe underutilization of the processing plant's capacity.

Perishability
✓ Biological raw materials are perishable and often quite
fragile
✓ Agroindustrial inputs, however, must be handled and
stored with speed and care to preserve their physical
traits and, in the case of food products, their nutritional
quality.
✓ The perishability of raw food and fiber materials, and
related characteristics such as fragility (of eggs, for
example) and bulkiness (of livestock, for example), often
require special and sometimes more costly transportation
methods.
Variability
✓ The variability in the quantity and quality of raw materials
✓ Changes in weather and damage to crops or livestock from disease or pests make
quantity uncertain.
✓ A late monsoon might lead farmers to produce a different crop, abundant rains
might permit the planting of a second or third crop, or a drought might eliminate
the dry-season crop.
✓ Even with good rains and field growth, the harvest could be greatly reduced at the
last minute by a pest infestation.
✓ Even without these adverse vagaries of nature, quality varies because
standardization of biological raw materials remains elusive, despite advances in
animal and plant genetics.
✓ This variability contrasts sharply with the extensive specifications for and high
certainty of standard materials used in other manufacturing industries. Variability
exerts additional pressure on an agroindustrial plant's production scheduling and
qualitycontrol operations.
Three other characteristics should be emphasized:
✓ First, raw material is usually the major cost component in agroindustries. Thus,
procurement operations fundamentally shape the economics of the enterprises. The
uncertainty that surrounds agroproduction leads to considerable instability in raw
material prices, thereby complicating budgeting and management of working
capital.
✓ Second, because many agroindustrial products are necessities or of major economic
importance to countries, governmental interest and involvement in agroindustrial
activities are often high. Social, economic, and political considerations and
government actions become particularly relevant to project analysis.
✓ Third, the same agroindustrial products are produced in many different countries.
Therefore, a local agroindustry is linked to international markets, which represent
alternative sources of raw materials, competitive imports, and export opportunities.
International commodity markets experience considerable price volatility, thereby
magnifying the agroindustry's financial uncertainty on the input and output sides.
In some instances the climatic conditions of a country give the agroindustry a
unique advantage in producing certain export products, such as tropical fruits or
off-season vegetables.
Efek multiplier yang ditimbulkan dari pengembangan agroindustri meliputi semua
industri dari hulu sampai pada industri hilir. Hal ini disebabkan karena karakteristik
dari agroindustri yang memiliki kelebihan dibandingkan dengan industri lainnya,
antara lain :
• memiliki keterkaitan yang kuat baik dengan industri hulunya maupun ke industri
hilir,
• menggunakan sumberdaya alam yang ada dan dapat diperbaharui,
• mampu memiliki keunggulan komparatif dan kompetitif baik di pasar internasional
maupun di pasar domestik,
• dapat menampung tenaga kerja dalam jumlah besar
• produk agroindustry pada umumnya bersifat cukup elastis sehingga dapat
meningkatkan pendapatan
• masyarakat yang berdampak semakin luasnya pasar khususnya pasar domestik.
Thank you