10/12/2020

Islamic Banking & Finance BS Accounting & Finance

PROHIBITION OF RIBA
IN QURAN & AHADITH

Rehan Waheed

Prohibition of Riba Outline of the Presentation

 Prohibition of Riba in Quran

 Riba Al Nasiyah

 Prohibition of Riba in Ahadith

 Riba Al Fadl

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Prohibition of Riba Verses of the Holy Quran

Riba is prohibited in four stages

Third
First Revelation Second Revelation Fourth Revelation
Revelation

Prohibiting
the
Attaching Consider Conclusive
Compare Praising practice of Any excess
Riba with Zakat & the the charging ly
practice of prohibiting over the
Zakat & Charity, practice as double capital is
Riba with an iniquity and all forms
Charity not Riba disallowed
the jews (zulm) multiple of Riba
riba

Prohibition of Riba Verses of the Holy Quran

First Revelation [Surah AlRoom, 30:39]

“Whatever Riba (increased amount) you give, so that it may increase in the wealth of the people, it
does not with Allah; and whatever zakah you give, seeking Allah’s pleasure with it, (it is
mutiplied by Allah, and), it is such people who multiply (their wealth in real terms).”
‫اور ﯾہ ﺟو ﺗم ﺳود دﯾﺗﮯ ﮨو ﺗﺎﮐہ وه ﻟوﮔوں ﮐﮯ ﻣﺎل ﻣﯾں ﺷﺎﻣل ﮨو ﮐر ﺑڑھ ﺟﺎﺋﮯ ﺗو وه ﷲ ﮐﮯ ﻧزدﯾﮏ ﺑڑھﺗﺎ ﻧﮩﯾں ﮨﮯ اور ﺟو زﮐو ٰ ة ﺗم ﷲ ﮐﯽ‬
‫ ﺗو ﺟو ﻟوگ ﺑﮭﯽ اﯾﺳﺎ ﮐرﺗﮯ ﮨﯾں وه ﮨﯾں ﺟو )اﭘﻧﮯ ﻣﺎل ﮐو( ﮐﺋﯽ ﮔﻧﺎ ﺑڑھﺎ ﻟﯾﺗﮯ ﮨﯾں‬،‫ﺧوﺷﻧودی ﺣﺎﺻل ﮐرﻧﮯ ارادے ﺳﮯ دﯾﺗﮯ ﮨو‬
 This verse does not prohibit Riba directly but it simply says that it does not carry any reward in the
life hereafter
 The Holy Quran prepares grounds and minds of people to bring the change slowly and gradually
 Swelling of our body is not a sign of health. It is indeed a sickness!

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‫‪Prohibition of Riba‬‬ ‫‪Verses of the Holy Quran‬‬

‫]‪First Revelation [Surah AlRoom, 30:39‬‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺳﯾر‬

‫واﺿﺢ رﮨﮯ ﮐہ ﺳورة روم ﮐﯽ ﯾہ آﯾت ﻣﮑہ ﻣﮑرﻣہ ﻣﯾں ﻧﺎزل ﮨوﺋﯽ ﺗﮭﯽ‪ ،‬اور ﯾہ ﭘﮩﻠﯽ آﯾت ﮨﮯ ﺟس ﻣﯾں ﺳود ﮐﯽ ﻣذﻣت ﮐﯽ ﮔﺋﯽ ﮨﮯ‪ ،‬اس وﻗت‬
‫ﺗﮏ ﺳود ﮐو واﺿﺢ ﻟﻔظوں ﻣﯾں ﺣرام ﻧﮩﯾں ﮐﯾﺎ ﮔﯾﺎ ﺗﮭﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﯾﮑن اﺷﺎره ﻓرﻣﺎ دﯾﺎ ﮔﯾﺎ ﺗﮭﺎ ﮐہ ﷲﺗﻌﺎﻟﯽ ٰ ﮐﮯ ﻧزدﯾﮏ ﺳود ﮐﯽ آﻣدﻧﯽ ﺑڑھﺗﯽ ﻧﮩﯾں‪،‬‬
‫ﯾﻌﻧﯽ ﺳود ﻟﯾﻧﮯ واﻻ ﻟﯾﺗﺎ ﺗو اﺳﯽ ارادے ﺳﮯ ﮨﮯ ﮐہ اس ﺳﮯ اس ﮐﯽ دوﻟت ﺑڑھﮯ ﮔﯽ‪ ،‬ﻟﯾﮑن ﷲﺗﻌﺎﻟﯽ ٰ ﮐﮯ ﻧزدﯾﮏ وه ﺑڑھﺗﯽ ﻧﮩﯾں‪،‬‬
‫ﮐﯾوﻧﮑہ اول ﺗو دﻧﯾﺎ ﻣﯾں ﺑﮭﯽ ﺣرام ﻣﺎل اﮔرﭼہ ﮔﻧﺗﯽ ﻣﯾں ﺑڑھ ﺟﺎﺋﮯ‪ ،‬ﻟﯾﮑن اس ﻣﯾں ﺑرﮐت ﻧﮩﯾں ﮨوﺗﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎل و دوﻟت ﮐﺎ اﺻل ﻓﺎﺋده ﺗو ﯾہ‬
‫ﮨﮯ ﮐہ اﻧﺳﺎن ﮐو اس ﺳﮯ آرام و راﺣت ﻧﺻﯾب ﮨو‪ ،‬ﻟﯾﮑن ﺣرام آﻣدﻧﯽ ﮐﯽ ﮔﻧﺗﯽ ﺑڑھﺎﻧﮯ واﻟﮯ ﺑﮑﺛرت دﻧﯾﺎ ﻣﯾں ﺑﮭﯽ ﭘرﯾﺷﺎﻧﯾوں ﮐﺎ ﺷﮑﺎر‬
‫رﮨﺗﮯ ﮨﯾں۔ اور اﻧﮩﯾں راﺣت ﻧﺻﯾب ﻧﮩﯾں ﮨوﺗﯽ۔ دوﺳرے دوﻟت ﮐﯽ ﯾہ ﺑڑھوﺗری آﺧرت ﻣﯾں ﮐﭼﮭ ﮐﺎم ﻧﮩﯾں آﺗﯽ‪ ،‬اس ﮐﮯ ﺑرﺧﻼف ﺻدﻗﺎت‬
‫آﺧرت ﻣﯾں ﮐﺎم آﺗﮯ ﮨﯾں۔ اﺳﯽ ﺣﻘﯾﻘت ﮐو ﺳورة ﺑﻘره ﻣﯾں ‪ 276‬ﻣﯾں ﺑﯾﺎن ﻓرﻣﺎﯾﺎ ﮔﯾﺎ ﮨﮯ ﮐہ ﷲﺗﻌﺎﻟﯽ ٰ ﺳود ﮐو ﻣﭨﺎﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ‪ ،‬اور ﺻدﻗﺎت ﮐو‬
‫ﺑڑھﺎﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ۔ واﺿﺢ رﮨﮯ ﮐہ اس آﯾت ﻣﯾں رﺑﺎء ﮐﺎ ﻟﻔظ اﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎل ﮐﯾﺎ ﮔﯾﺎ ﮨﮯ ﺟس ﮐﮯ ﻣﺷﮩور ﻣﻌﻧﯽ ﺳود ﮐﮯ ﮨﯾں ؛ ﻟﯾﮑن اس ﮐﮯ اﯾﮏ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻧﯽ اور ﮨﯾں اور وه ﯾہ ﮐہ ﮐوﺋﯽ ﺷﺧص اس ﻧﯾت ﺳﮯ ﮐﺳﯽ ﮐو ﮐوﺋﯽ ﺗﺣﻔہ دے ﮐہ وه اس ﮐو اس ﺳﮯ زﯾﺎده ﻗﯾﻣﺗﯽ ﺗﺣﻔہ دے ﮔﺎ‪،‬ﻣﺛﻼ ً‬
‫ﺷﺎدی ﺑﯾﺎه ﮐﮯ ﻣوﻗﻊ ﭘر ﻧﯾوﺗہ ﮐﯽ ﺟو رﺳم ﮨوﺗﯽ ﮨﮯ اس ﮐﺎ ﯾﮩﯽ ﻣﻘﺻد ﮨوﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ ؛ ﭼﻧﺎﻧﭼہ ﺑﮩت ﺳﮯ ﻣﻔﺳرﯾن ﻧﮯ ﯾﮩﺎں رﺑﺎء ﮐﮯ ﯾﮩﯽ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻧﯽ ﻣراد ﻟﺋﮯ ﮨﯾں‪ ،‬اور ﻓرﻣﺎﯾﺎ ﮨﮯ ﮐہ اس آﯾت ﻣﯾں ﻧﯾوﺗہ ﮐﯽ رﺳم ﮐو ﻧﺎﺟﺎﺋز ﻗرار دﯾﺎ ﮔﯾﺎ ﮨﮯ‪ ،‬اس ﻗﺳم ﮐﺎ ﺗﺣﻔہ ﺟس ﮐﺎ ﻣﻘﺻد ﻗﯾﻣﺗﯽ‬
‫ﺗﺣﻔہ ﺣﺎﺻل ﮐرﻧﺎ ﮨو اس ﮐو ﺳورة ﻣدﺛر )آﯾت ﻧﻣﺑر ‪ (٦ :‬ﻣﯾں ﺑﮭﯽ ﻧﺎﺟﺎﺋز ﻗرار دﯾﺎ ﮔﯾﺎ ﮨﮯ۔ ‪ :19‬ﺳورة آل ﻋﻣران ‪ 261 :‬ﻣﯾں ﻓرﻣﺎﯾﺎ ﮔﯾﺎ‬
‫ﮨﮯ ﮐہ ﺻدﻗﮯ ﮐﺎ ﺛواب ﺳﺎت ﺳو ﮔﻧﺎ ﻣﻠﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ‪ ،‬اور ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﯽ ٰ ﺟس ﮐﮯ ﻟﯾﮯ ﭼﺎﮨﺗﮯ ﮨﯾں‪ ،‬ﻣزﯾد اﺿﺎﻓہ ﻓرﻣﺎ دﯾﺗﮯ ﮨﯾں۔‬

‫‪Prohibition of Riba‬‬ ‫‪Verses of the Holy Quran‬‬

‫]‪Second Revelation [Surah AlNisa, 4:161‬‬

‫‪“And for their charging Riba (usury or interest) while they were forbidden from it, and for their‬‬
‫‪devouring of the properties of the people by false means. We have prepared, for the disbelievers‬‬
‫”‪among them, a painful punishment.‬‬
‫اور ﺳود ﻟﯾﺎ ﮐرﺗﮯ ﺗﮭﮯ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻻﻧﮑہ اﻧﮩﯾں اس ﺳﮯ ﻣﻧﻊ ﮐﯾﺎ ﮔﯾﺎ ﺗﮭﺎ اور ﻟوﮔوں ﮐﮯ ﻣﺎل ﻧﺎﺣﻖ طرﯾﻘﮯ ﺳﮯ ﮐﮭﺎﺗﮯ ﺗﮭﮯ۔ اور ان ﻣﯾں ﺳﮯ ﺟو‬
‫ﻟوگ ﮐﺎﻓر ﮨﯾں‪ ،‬ان ﮐﮯ ﻟﯾﮯ ﮨم ﻧﮯ اﯾﮏ دردﻧﺎک ﻋذاب ﺗﯾﺎر ﮐر رﮐﮭﺎ ﮨﮯ۔‬
‫‪ It lists the evil deeds of the jews and mentions that they used to take Riba, which was prohibited‬‬
‫?‪ From this verse, we can not ascertain that was it also prohibited for Muslims‬‬
‫‪ But we can infer that it would be a sinful act for Muslims as well. Otherwise, they had no reason to‬‬
‫‪blame the jews‬‬
‫‪ Hence the prohibition of Riba for Muslims is still not explicitly mentioned in this verse‬‬

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‫‪Prohibition of Riba‬‬ ‫‪Verses of the Holy Quran‬‬

‫]‪Third Revelation [Surah Al’Imran, 3:130-132‬‬

‫‪“O you believe, do not eat up the amounts acquired through Riba (interest), doubled and multiplied.‬‬
‫‪Fear Allah, so that you may be successful [130]. And fear the fire that has been prepared for the‬‬
‫]‪disbelievers [131]. Obey Allah and the Messenger, so that you may be blessed.” [132‬‬
‫اے اﯾﻣﺎن واﻟو ! ﮐﺋﯽ ﮔﻧﺎ ﺑڑھﺎ ﭼڑھﺎ ﮐر ﺳود ﻣت ﮐﮭﺎؤ‪ ،‬اور ﷲ ﺳﮯ ڈرو ﺗﺎﮐہ ﺗﻣﮩﯾں ﻓﻼح ﺣﺎﺻل ﮨو )‪ ( ١٣٠‬اور اس آگ ﺳﮯ‬
‫ڈرو ﺟو ﮐﺎﻓروں ﮐﮯ ﻟﯾﮯ ﺗﯾﺎر ﮐﯽ ﮔﺋﯽ ﮨﮯ )‪ ( ١٣١‬اور ﷲ اور رﺳول ﮐﯽ ﺑﺎت ﻣﺎﻧو‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﮐہ ﺗم ﺳﮯ رﺣﻣت ﮐﺎ ﺑرﺗﺎؤ ﮐﯾﺎ ﺟﺎﺋﮯ‬
‫)‪(١٣٢‬‬
‫‪ This verse clearly prohibits the practice of Riba for the Muslims‬‬
‫‪ People mis-interpret that only compound interest is prohibited, whereas the Quran prohibits simple‬‬
‫‪interest as well‬‬

‫‪Prohibition of Riba‬‬ ‫‪Verses of the Holy Quran‬‬

‫]‪Third Revelation [Surah Al’Imran, 3:130-132‬‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺳﯾر‬

‫اﻣﺎم رازی ﻧﮯ ﺗﻔﺳﯾر ﮐﺑﯾر ﻣﯾں ﻓرﻣﺎﯾﺎ ﮨﮯ ﮐہ ﺟﻧﮓ اﺣد ﮐﮯ ﻣوﻗﻊ ﭘر ﻣﮑہ ﮐﮯ ﻣﺷرﮐﯾن ﻧﮯ ﺳود ﭘر ﻗرض ﻟﮯ ﮐر ﺟﻧﮓ ﮐﯽ ﺗﯾﺎری ﮐﯽ ﺗﮭﯽ‪ ،‬اس ﻟﺋﮯ ﮐﺳﯽ‬
‫ﻣﺳﻠﻣﺎن ﮐﮯ دل ﻣﯾں ﺑﮭﯽ ﺧﯾﺎل ﮨوﺳﮑﺗﺎ ﺗﮭﺎ ﮐہ ﻣﺳﻠﻣﺎن ﺑﮭﯽ ﺟﻧﮓ ﮐﯽ ﺗﯾﺎری ﻣﯾں ﯾﮩﯽ طرﯾﻘہ اﺧﺗﯾﺎر ﮐرﯾں‪ ،‬اس آﯾت ﻧﮯ اﻧﮩﯾں ﺧﺑر دار ﮐردﯾﺎ ﮐہ ﺳود ﭘر ﻗرض‬
‫ﻟﯾﻧﺎ ﺣرام ﮨﮯ‪ ،‬ﯾﮩﺎں ﺳود ﮐو ﮐﺋﯽ ﮔﻧﺎ ﺑڑھﺎ ﮐر ﮐﮭﺎﻧﮯ ﮐﺎ ﺟو ذﮐر ﮨﮯ اس ﮐﺎ ﻣطﻠب ﯾہ ﻧﮩﯾں ﮨﮯ ﮐہ ﮐم ﺷرح ﭘر ﺳود ﮐﯽ اﺟﺎزت ﮨﮯ ؛ ﺑﻠﮑہ اس وﻗت ﭼوﻧﮑہ‬
‫ﺳودی ﻗرﺿوں ﻣﯾں ﺑﮑﺛرت ﯾﮩﯽ ﮨوﺗﺎ ﺗﮭﺎ ﮐہ ﺳود اﺻل ﺳﮯ ﮐﺋﯽ ﮔﻧﺎ ﺑڑھ ﺟﺎﺗﺎ ﺗﮭﺎ اس ﻟﺋﮯ اﯾﮏ واﻗﻌﮯ ﮐﮯ طور ﭘر ﯾہ ﺑﺎت ﺑﯾﺎن ﮐﯽ ﮔﺋﯽ ﮨﮯ ورﻧہ ﺳورة ﺑﻘره‬

‫)آﯾت ‪ ٢٧٧‬اور ‪ (٢٧٨‬ﻣﯾں ﺻﺎف واﺿﺢ ﮐردﯾﺎ ﮔﯾﺎ ﮨﮯ ﮐہ اﺻل ﻗرض ﭘر ﺟﺗﻧﯽ ﺑﮭﯽ زﯾﺎدﺗﯽ ﮨو وه ﺳود ﻣﯾں داﺧل اور ﺣرام ﮨﮯ۔‬

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Prohibition of Riba Verses of the Holy Quran

Fourth Revelation [Surah AlBaqarah, 2:275]

“Those who take Riba (usury or interest) will not stand but as stands the one whom the demon has
driven crazy by his touch. That is because they have said: “Sale is but like Riba”, while Allah has
permitted sale and prohibited Riba. So, whoever receives an advice from his Lord and desists (from
indulging in Riba), then what has passed is allowed for him, and his matter is up to Allah. As for the
ones who revert back, those are the people of fire. There they will remain forever.”
 Similarity between a Riba consumer and a mad person: Both are insensitive to other’s sufferings
 Riba creates monopolies & opens doors to selfishness, greed, injustice and oppression
 Islam encourages ethics, brotherhood, collective welfare and prosperity, social fairness and justice
 The above verse carries two strong expressions
 Let bygones be bygones: Don’t do it in future
 He who repeats and justifies legitimacy of Riba is only rejecting the faith in Allah

Prohibition of Riba Verses of the Holy Quran

Fourth Revelation [Surah AlBaqara, 2:276-277]

“Allah destroys Riba and nourishes charities, and Allah does not like any sinful disbeliever.” [276]
 There is no blessing in money earned through Riba
 Charity may reduce wealth but provides bliss, peace and satisfaction
 Allah does not like sinful disbelievers
“Surely those who believe and do good deeds, and establish Salah (prayer) and pay Zakah will have
their reward with their Allah and there is no fear for them, nor shall they grieve.” [277]
 If you are indeed believers, prove your claim with good deeds
 Allah has promised rewards and no fear and grieve for those who:
 Do good deeds
 Establish Salah (prayer)
 Pay Zakah

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Prohibition of Riba Verses of the Holy Quran

Prohibition of Riba Verses of the Holy Quran

Fourth Revelation [Surah AlBaqara, 2:278-279]

“O you, who believe, fear Allah and give up what still remains of Riba, if you are believers. [278]
But if you do not (give it up), then listen to the declaration of war from Allah and His Messenger ‫ﷺ‬.
However, if you repent, your is your principal. Neither wrong, nor be wronged.” [279]
 Threat in the strongest words - Not used for any other crime
 Principle amount should be paid back
 Islam’s emphasis on justice: Deal not unjustly and you shall not be dealt with unjustly
 After revelation of this verse, Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬in his last sermon at Hajj atul Wida which is called the
charter/blue print of Islam declared: “Interest claim in respect of transactions during the days of
ignorance are null and void and would not be claimed. To begin with, we forego the entire interest
amount due to my uncle Abbas Ibn Mutalib.”

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‫‪Prohibition of Riba‬‬ ‫‪Verses of the Holy Quran‬‬

‫]‪Fourth Revelation [Surah AlBaqara, 2:280-281‬‬

‫‪“If there is one in misery, then (the creditor should allow) deferment till (his) ease, and that you‬‬
‫‪forego it as alms is much better for you, if you really know. [280] Be fearful of a day when you shall‬‬
‫‪be returned to Allah, then every person shall be paid, in full, what he has earned, and they shall not‬‬
‫]‪be wronged.” [281‬‬

‫‪Prohibition of Riba‬‬ ‫‪Verses of the Holy Quran‬‬

‫]‪Fourth Revelation [Surah AlBaqara, 2:275 - 279‬‬

‫ﺟو ﻟوگ ﺳود ﮐﮭﺎﺗﮯ ﮨﯾں وه )ﻗﯾﺎﻣت ﻣﯾں( اﭨﮭﯾں ﮔﮯ ﺗو اس ﺷﺧص ﮐﯽ طرح اﭨﮭﯾں ﮔﮯ ﺟﺳﮯ ﺷﯾطﺎن ﻧﮯ ﭼﮭوﮐر ﭘﺎﮔل ﺑﻧﺎ دﯾﺎ ﮨو‪ ،‬ﯾہ اس ﻟﯾﮯ‬
‫ﮨوﮔﺎ ﮐہ اﻧﮩوں ﻧﮯ ﮐﮩﺎ ﺗﮭﺎ ﮐہ ‪ :‬ﺑﯾﻊ ﺑﮭﯽ ﺗو ﺳود ﮨﯽ ﮐﯽ طرح ﮨوﺗﯽ ﮨﮯ۔ )‪ ( ١٨٤‬ﺣﺎﻻﻧﮑہ ﷲ ﻧﮯ ﺑﯾﻊ ﮐو ﺣﻼل ﮐﯾﺎ ﮨﮯ اور ﺳود ﮐو ﺣرام ﻗرار‬
‫دﯾﺎ ﮨﮯ۔ ﻟﮩذا ﺟس ﺷﺧص ﮐﮯ ﭘﺎس اس ﮐﮯ ﭘروردﮔﺎر ﮐﯽ طرف ﺳﮯ ﻧﺻﯾﺣت آﮔﺋﯽ اور وه )ﺳودی ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﺳﮯ( ﺑﺎز آﮔﯾﺎ ﺗو ﻣﺎﺿﯽ ﻣﯾں ﺟو‬
‫ﮐﭼﮭ ﮨوا وه اﺳﯽ ﮐﺎ ﮨﮯ۔ )‪ (١٨٥‬اور اس ) ﮐﯽ ﺑﺎطﻧﯽ ﮐﯾﻔﯾت( ﮐﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠہ ﷲ ﮐﮯ ﺣواﻟﮯ ﮨﮯ۔ اور ﺟس ﺷﺧص ﻧﮯ ﻟوٹ ﮐر ﭘﮭر وﮨﯽ ﮐﺎم ﮐﯾﺎ‬
‫)‪ ( ١٨٦‬ﺗو اﯾﺳﮯ ﻟوگ دوزﺧﯽ ﮨﯾں‪ ،‬وه ﮨﻣﯾﺷہ اﺳﯽ ﻣﯾں رﮨﯾں ﮔﮯ ﴿‪﴾٢٧۵‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺳود ﮐو ﻣﭨﺎﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ اور ﺻدﻗﺎت ﮐو ﺑڑھﺎﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ‪ ،‬اور ﷲ ﮨر اس ﺷﺧص ﮐو ﻧﺎﭘﺳﻧد ﮐرﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ ﺟو ﻧﺎﺷﮑرا ﮔﻧﮩﮕﺎر ﮨو ﴿‪﴾٢٧۶‬‬
‫)ﮨﺎں( وه ﻟوگ ﺟو اﯾﻣنﺎ ﻻﺋﯾں‪ ،‬ﻧﯾﮏ ﻋﻣل ﮐرﯾں‪ ،‬ﻧﻣﺎز ﻗﺎﺋم ﮐرﯾں اور زﮐو ٰ ة ادا ﮐرﯾں وه اﭘﻧﮯ رب ﮐﮯ ﭘﺎس اﭘﻧﮯ اﺟر ﮐﮯ ﻣﺳﺗﺣﻖ ﮨوں ﮔﮯ‪،‬‬
‫ﻧہ اﻧﮩﯾں ﮐوﺋﯽ ﺧوف ﻻﺣﻖ ﮨوﮔﺎ ﻧہ ﮐوﺋﯽ ﻏم ﭘﮩﻧﭼﮯ ﮔﺎ ﴿‪﴾٢٧٧‬۔‬
‫اے اﯾﻣﺎن واﻟو ﷲ ﺳﮯ ڈرو اور اﮔر ﺗم واﻗﻌﯽ ﻣوﻣن ﮨو ﺗو ﺳود ﮐﺎ ﺟو ﺣﺻہ ﺑﮭﯽ )ﮐﺳﯽ ﮐﮯ ذﻣﮯ( ﺑﺎﻗﯽ ره ﮔﯾﺎ ﮨو اﺳﮯ ﭼﮭوڑ دو ﴿‪﴾٢٧٨‬‬
‫ﭘﮭر ﺑﮭﯽ اﮔر ﺗم اﯾﺳﺎ ﻧہ ﮐرو ﮔﮯ ﺗو ﷲ اور اس ﮐﮯ رﺳول ﮐﯽ طرف ﺳﮯ اﻋﻼن ﺟﻧﮓ ﺳن ﻟو۔ اور اﮔر ﺗم )ﺳود ﺳﮯ( ﺗوﺑہ ﮐرو ﺗو ﺗﻣﮩﺎرا‬
‫اﺻل ﺳرﻣﺎﯾہ ﺗﻣﮩﺎرا ﺣﻖ ﮨﮯ‪ ،‬ﻧہ ﺗم ﮐﺳﯽ ﭘر ظﻠم ﮐرو ﻧہ ﺗم ﭘر ظﻠم ﮐﯾﺎ ﺟﺎﺋﮯ ﴿‪﴾٢٧٩‬۔‬

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‫‪Prohibition of Riba‬‬ ‫‪Verses of the Holy Quran‬‬

‫]‪Fourth Revelation [Surah AlBaqara, 2:275‬‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺳﯾر‬

‫)‪ ١٨٤‬ﺳود ﯾﺎ رﺑﺎء ﮨر اس زﯾﺎده رﻗم ﮐو ﮐﮩﺎ ﺟﺎﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ ﺟو ﮐﺳﯽ ﻗرض ﭘر طﮯ ﮐرﮐﮯ وﺻول ﮐﯽ ﺟﺎﺋﮯ‪ ،‬ﻣﺷرﮐﯾن ﮐﺎ ﮐﮩﻧﺎ ﺗﮭﺎ ﮐہ ﺟس طرح ﮨم ﮐوﺋﯽ ﺳﺎﻣﺎن ﻓروﺧت‬
‫ﮐرﮐﮯ ﻧﻔﻊ ﮐﻣﺎﺗﮯ ﮨﯾں اور اس ﮐو ﺷرﯾﻌت ﻧﮯ ﺣﻼل ﻗرار دﯾﺎ ﮨﮯ‪ ،‬اﺳﯽ طرح اﮔر ﻗرض دے ﮐر ﮐوﺋﯽ ﻧﻔﻊ ﮐﻣﺎﺋﯾں ﺗو ﮐﯾﺎ ﺣرج ﮨﮯ ؟ ان ﮐﮯ اس اﻋﺗراض ﮐﺎ ﺟواب ﺗو ﯾہ‬
‫ﺗﮭﺎ ﮐہ ﺳﺎﻣﺎن ﺗﺟﺎرت ﮐﺎ ﺗو ﻣﻘﺻد ﮨﯽ ﯾہ ﮨﮯ ﮐہ اﺳﮯ ﺑﯾﭻ ﮐر ﻧﻔﻊ ﮐﻣﺎﯾﺎ ﺟﺎﺋﮯ‪ ،‬ﻟﯾﮑن ﻧﻘدی اس ﮐﺎم ﮐﮯ ﻟﺋﮯ ﻧﮩﯾں ﺑﻧﺎﺋﯽ ﮔﺋﯽ ﮐہ اﺳﮯ ﺳﺎﻣﺎن ﺗﺟﺎرت ﺑﻧﺎﮐر اس ﺳﮯ ﻧﻔﻊ ﮐﻣﺎﯾﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺋﮯ‪ ،‬وه ﺗو اﯾﮏ ﺗﺑﺎدﻟﮯ ﮐﺎ ذرﯾﻌہ ﮨﮯ ؛ ﺗﺎﮐہ اس ﮐﮯ ذرﯾﻌہ اﺷﯾﺎﺋﮯ ﺿرورت ﺧرﯾدی اور ﺑﯾﭼﯽ ﺟﺎﺳﮑﯾں‪ ،‬ﻧﻘدی ﮐﺎ ﻧﻘدی ﺳﮯ ﺗﺑﺎدﻟہ ﮐرﮐﮯ اﺳﮯ ﺑذات ﺧود ﻧﻔﻊ ﮐﻣﺎﻧﮯ ﮐﺎ‬
‫س ﺳﮯ ﺑﯾﺷﻣﺎر ﻣﻔﺎﺳد ﭘﯾدا ﮨوﺗﮯ ﮨﯾں‪ ،‬ﻟﯾﮑن ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﯽ ٰ ﻧﮯ ﯾﮩﺎں ﺑﯾﻊ اور ﺳود ﮐﮯ درﻣﯾﺎن ﻓرق ﮐﯽ ﺗﻔﺻﯾل ﺑﯾﺎن ﮐرﻧﮯ ﮐﮯ ﺑﺟﺎﺋﮯ اﯾﮏ ﺣﺎﮐﻣﺎﻧہ ﺟواب‬
‫ذرﯾﻌہ ﺑﻧﺎﻟﯾﺎ ﺟﺎﺋﮯ ﺗو ا‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎ ﻧﮯ ﺑﯾﻊ ﮐو ﺣﻼل اور ﺳود ﮐو ﺣرام ﻗرار دے دﯾﺎ ﮨﮯ ﺗو اﯾﮏ ﺑﻧدے ﮐﺎ ﮐﺎم ﯾہ ﻧﮩﯾں ﮨﮯ ﮐہ وه ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﯽ ٰ ﺳﮯ اس ﺣﮑم ﮐﯽ ﺣﮑﻣت اور اس ﮐﺎ ﻓﻠﺳﻔہ‬
‫دﯾﺎ ﮨﮯ ﮐہ ﺟب ﷲ ﻟﯽ ٰ‬
‫ﻼ ﯾہ ﮐﮩﮯ ﮐہ ﺟب ﺗﮏ ﻣﺟﮭﮯ اس ﮐﺎ ﻓﻠﺳﻔہ ﺳﻣﺟﮭ ﻣﯾں ﻧﮩﯾں آﺟﺎﺋﮯ ﮔﺎ ﻣﯾں اس ﺣﮑم ﭘر ﻋﻣل ﻧﮩﯾں ﮐروں ﮔﺎ‪ ،‬واﻗﻌہ ﯾہ ﮨﮯ ہﮐ ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﯽ ٰ ﮐﮯ ﮨر‬
‫ﭘوﭼﮭﺗﺎ ﭘﮭرے اور ﮔوﯾﺎ ﻋﻣ ً‬
‫ﺣﮑم ﻣﯾں ﯾﻘﯾﻧﺎ ً ﮐوﺋﯽ ﻧہﮐوﺋﯽ ﺣﮑﻣت ﺿرور ﮨوﺗﯽ ﮨﮯ ؛ ﻟﯾﮑن ﺿروری ﻧﮩﯾں ﮐہ وه ﮨر ﺷﺧص ﮐﯽ ﺳﻣﺟﮭ ﻣﯾں ﺑﮭﯽ آﺟﺎﺋﮯ‪ ،‬ﻟﮩذا اﮔر ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﯽ ٰ ﭘر اﯾﻣﺎن ﮨﮯ ﺗو ﭘﮩﻠﮯ اس ﮐﮯ‬
‫ﮨر ﺣﮑم ﭘر ﺳرﺗﺳﻠﯾم ﺧم ﮐرﻧﺎ ﭼﺎﮨﯾﮯ‪ ،‬اس ﮐﮯ ﺑﻌد اﮔر ﮐوﺋﯽ ﺷﺧص اﭘﻧﮯ ﻣزﯾد اطﻣﯾﻧﺎن ﮐﮯ ﻟﺋﮯ ﺣﮑﻣت اور ﻓﻠﺳﻔہ ﺳﻣﺟﮭﻧﮯ ﮐﯽ ﮐوﺷش ﮐرے ﺗو ﮐوﺋﯽ ﺣرج ﻧﮩﯾں ؛ ﻟﯾﮑن‬
‫اس ﭘر ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﯽ ٰ ﮐﮯ ﺣﮑم ﮐﯽ ﺗﻌﻣﯾل ﮐو ﻣوﻗوف رﮐﮭﻧﺎ اﯾﮏ ﻣوﻣن ﮐﺎ طرز ﻋﻣل ﻧﮩﯾں۔ ‪ ١٨٥‬ﻣطﻠب ﯾہ ﮨﮯ ﮐہ ﺟن ﻟوﮔوں ﻧﮯ ﺳود ﮐﯽ ﺣرﻣت ﻧﺎزل ﮨوﻧﮯ ﺳﮯ ﭘﮩﻠﮯ‬
‫ﻟوﮔوں ﺳﮯ ﺳود وﺻول ﮐﯾﺎ ﮨﮯ‪ ،‬ﭼوﻧﮑہ اس وﻗت ﺗﮏ ﺳود ﮐﮯ ﺣرام ﮨوﻧﮯ ﮐﺎ اﻋﻼن ﻧﮩﯾں ﮨوا ﺗﮭﺎ اس ﻟﺋﮯ وه ﭘﭼﮭﻠﮯ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﻣﻌﺎف ﮨﯾں‪ ،‬اور ان ﮐﮯ ذرﯾﻌﮯ ﺟو رﻗﻣﯾں‬
‫وﺻول ﮐﯽ ﮔﺋﯽ ﮨﯾں وه واﭘس ﮐرﻧﮯ ﮐﯽ ﺿرورت ﻧﮩﯾں‪ ،‬اﻟﺑﺗہ ﺣرﻣت ﮐﮯ اﻋﻼن ﮐﮯ وﻗت ﺟو ﺳود ﮐﺳﯽ ﭘر واﺟب اﻻدا ﮨو وه ﻟﯾﻧﺎ ﺟﺎﺋز ﻧﮩﯾں ﮨوﮔﺎ ؛ ﺑﻠﮑہ اﺳﮯ ﭼﮭوڑﻧﺎ ﮨوﮔﺎ‬
‫ﺟﯾﺳﺎ ﮐہ آﯾت ﻧﻣﺑر ‪ ٢٧٨‬ﻣﯾں ﺣﮑم دﯾﺎ ﮔﯾﺎ ﮨﮯ۔ ‪ ١٨٦‬ﯾﻌﻧﯽ ﺟن ﻟوﮔوں ﻧﮯ ﺣرﻣت ﺳودی ﮐو ﺗﺳﻠﯾم ﻧہ ﮐﯾﺎ اور وﮨﯽ اﻋﺗراض ﮐرﺗﮯ رﮨﮯ ﮐہ ﺑﯾﻊ اور ﺳود ﻣﯾں ﮐوﺋﯽ ﻓرق‬
‫ﻧﮩﯾں‪ ،‬وه ﮐﺎﻓر ﮨوﻧﮯ ﮐﯽ وﺟہ ﺳﮯ اﺑدی ﻋذاب ﮐﮯ ﻣﺳﺗﺣﻖ ﮨوں ﮔﮯ۔‬

‫‪Prohibition of Riba‬‬ ‫‪Wisdom Behind Prohibition of Riba‬‬

‫‪Surah al-Baqarah, 2:275‬‬

‫‪… but Allah has permitted trade and forbidden Riba‬‬

‫‪Interpretative Efforts‬‬

‫‪what amounts to‬‬

‫‪Trade‬‬ ‫‪Riba‬‬

‫‪Criteria‬‬ ‫‪Criteria‬‬
‫‪■ Fair exchange of goods or value‬‬ ‫‪■ Oppressive / unfair distribution of‬‬
‫‪■ Fair distribution of risk & return‬‬ ‫‪risk & return‬‬
‫‪■ Unjustified enrichment at expense of‬‬
‫‪others‬‬

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Prohibition of Riba Wisdom Behind Prohibition of Riba

Wisdom behind prohibition of Riba

 To prevent individual gains that cause loss to the whole community
 Bank caters loans only to rich sector
 Entire capital is utilized for the benefit of few
 Community gets poorer
Points to remember
 Islam does not distinguish between interest paid on loan for productive and profitable
purposes and interest paid on loan taken for personal need and expenses and prohibits all types
impartially

Prohibition of Riba Ahadith of Holy Prophet ‫ﷺ‬

General Ahadith on prohibition of Riba

 From Hazrat Jabir Ibn Abdullah (R.A.): The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬cursed the receiver and the payer of
interest, the one who records it and the two witnesses to the transaction and said: "They are all alike
[in guilt]." (Muslim # 4093, Tirmizi and Musnad Ahmad # 5955)

 From Abdallah Ibn Hanzalah (R.A.): The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said: “A dirham of Riba which a man receives
knowingly is worse than committing adultery thirty-six times.” (Musnad Ahmad # 5959z and
Darqutni)

 From Hazrat Abu Hurayrah (R.A.): The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said: "Riba has seventy segments, the least
serious being equivalent to a man committing adultery with his own mother." (Ibn Majah # 2274)

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Prohibition of Riba Ahadith of Holy Prophet ‫ﷺ‬

General Ahadith on prohibition of Riba

 From Hazrat Ibn Abbas (R.A.): The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬instructed not to sell any edible fruits before they
were fully ripe. He also said that when interest and adultery come in vogue in any society, then it is
like they have invited Allah’s wrath upon themselves. (Al-Hakim)

 From Hazrat Abu Hurairah (R.A.): The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said, “Four categories of people are such that
Allah has made it binding upon Himself to refuse them admission to Paradise or to let them enjoy its
bounties: He who drinks habitually, he who takes Riba, he who usurps an orphan’s property without
right, and who is undutiful to his parents.” (Mustadrak Al-Hakim, Kitab Al-Buyi’)

Prohibition of Riba Ahadith of Holy Prophet ‫ﷺ‬

General Ahadith on prohibition of Riba

 From Hazrat Amr Ibn Al Aas (R.A.): “When interest based dealing becomes common among
people, they will start facing draught and shortage of food. And when bribery becomes norm among
people they will live under constant fear of their enemy.”

 From Hazrat Abu Hurairah (R.A.): “The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said that when he reached the seventh stage of
the Heavens, on the night of Mairaj, and looked overhead, the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬saw lightning and heard
thunder. Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬then said that I passed on a people whose stomachs were large like houses, and
they were full of snakes which were visible from outside. I asked Jibra’il (A.S.) as to whom these
people were and he said that these are the ones who devour interest.” (Ibn Majah # 2273z and
Musnad Ahmad)

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Prohibition of Riba Ahadith of Holy Prophet ‫ﷺ‬

General Ahadith on prohibition of Riba

 From Hazrat Ali (R.A.): The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said, “When Allah intends to destroy people, interest-based
business becomes popular among them.”

 From Hazrat Abdullah Ibn Masood (R.A.): The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said, “As the day of judgment comes
closer, interest, adultery and consumption of liquors will become common.” (Al-Bazzar)

Prohibition of Riba Ahadith of Holy Prophet ‫ﷺ‬

Ahadith on Riba Al Nasiyah

 From Hazrat Usamah Ibn Zayd (R.A.): The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said, “There is no element of interest when
the money or commodity is exchanged hand to hand.” (Sahih Muslim # 4090)
In another narration: “There is no Riba in hand to hand (spot) transactions.” (Sahih Muslim)

 From Hazrat Abdullah Ibn Masood (R.A.): The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said, “Even when interest is much, it is
bound to end up in paltriness.” (Musnad Ahmad)

 Hazrat Anas (R.A.) has said that when you lend to someone and he then sends you food as a gift,
do not accept it, or if he offers you a ride, do not accept his offer except if the two of you had such
relationship prior to the lending of money. (Sunan Al Bayhaqi)

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Prohibition of Riba Ahadith of Holy Prophet ‫ﷺ‬

Ahadith on Riba Al Fadl

 The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said, “Sell gold in exchange for equivalent gold, sell silver in exchange for
equivalent silver, sell dates in exchange for equivalent dates, sell wheat in exchange for equivalent
wheat, sell salt in exchange for equivalent salt, sell barley in exchange for equivalent barley, but if a
person transacts in excess, it will be usury (riba). However, sell gold for silver anyway you please on
the condition it is hand to hand (spot) and sell barley for date anyway you please on the condition it
is hand to hand.” (Kanzul Amal)
 From Hazrat Ibada Ibn Samit (R.A.): The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said, “Gold for gold, silver for silver, wheat
for wheat, barley for barley, dates for dates and salt for salt – like for like, equal for equal and hand
to hand; if the commodities differ, then you may sell as you wish, provided that the exchange is hand
to hand.” (Sahih Muslim)

Prohibition of Riba Ahadith of Holy Prophet ‫ﷺ‬

Ahadith on Riba Al Fadl

 From Hazrat Abu Sa’id (R.A.) and Hazrat Abu Hurayrah (R.A.): A man employed by the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬
at Khaybar brought for him “janeeb” (dates of a very fine quality). The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬asked him, “Are
all dates of Khaybar like that?” The man replied, “No, I swear Allah, O Prophet of Allah, we
exchange one sa’ (a unit of measurement) of this kind of dates for two or three (of the other kind of
dates).” The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬replied, “Do not do so. Sell all the dates (no matter they are of fine quality
or not) for darahim and then use the darahim to buy janeeb.” The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬then said, “The ruling
of the things that are exchanged by weight is same as that.” (Sahih Bukhari)

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Prohibition of Riba Ahadith of Holy Prophet ‫ﷺ‬

Ahadith on Riba Al Fadl

 From Hazrat Abu Sa’id (R.A.): Bilal (R.A.) brought to the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬some “barni” (good quality)
dates whereupon the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬asked him, “where these were from?” Bilal (R.A.) replied, “I had
some inferior dates which I exchanged for these – two sa’s for a sa’. The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said, “Oh no,
this is exactly Riba. Do not do so, but when you wish to buy, sell the inferior dates against something
(cash) and then buy the better dates with the price you receive.” (Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim)

 From Hazrat Abu Umamah (R.A.): The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said, “Whoever makes a recommendation for
his brother and accepts a gift offered by him has entered in one of the largest gates of Riba.” (Abu
Dawood)

Prohibition of Riba Ahadith of Holy Prophet ‫ﷺ‬

Sunnah of the Holy Prophet ‫ﷺ‬

Gold for gold, silver for silver, wheat for wheat, barley for barley, dates for dates,
salt for salt - like for like, equal for equal, and hand-to-hand; if the commodities
differ, then you may sell as you wish, provided that the exchange is hand-to-hand

Interpretative Efforts

Application
Currency Amwal e Ribawiya

Rules Rules
■ Same denomination ■ Same Type
■ At Par ■ At Par
■ Spot ■ Spot
■ Different denomination ■ Different Type
■ Spot ■ Spot

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Prohibition of Riba Rules for Amwal e Ribawiya

2 conditions
• money1 + money1 = – Equality
– Hand-to-hand
2 conditions
• food1 + food1 = – Equality
– Hand-to-hand
1 condition
• money1 + money2 = – Hand-to-hand
1 condition
• food1 + food2 = – Hand-to-hand
No condition
• money + food = – Free trading
No condition
• others + others = – Free trading

Prohibition of Riba BS Accounting & Finance

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