PSYCHOLOGICAL TERMS REVIEW

1. the fear of doing one's best.

a. Inferiority complex
b. Jonah complex
c. Impostor syndrome

2. is a term coined by famed psychologist Albert Ellis to describe the

phenomenon whereby people live by a set of absolute and unrealistic
demands that they place on themselves, others and the world. For most of
us, these rules come out in a series of should statements that we repeat to
ourselves over and over again.
a. Musterbation
b. Priming
c. Negging

3. is a type of dream in which the dreamer becomes aware that they are
dreaming while dreaming.
a. False awakening dream
b. Lucid dream
c. Sleep paralysis

4. is when you reflect on your life, identify the areas of your life where you have
failed as a result of being poorly parented as a child, and decide how you will
address those shortcomings as an adult.
a. Inner child
b. Reparenting
c. Self sabotage
5. Sex, shopping, smelling cookies baking in the oven — all these things can
trigger dopamine release.
a. Serotonin rush
b. Dopamine rush
c. Grandiosity

6. is when people do (or don't do) things that block their success or prevent
them from accomplishing their goals. It can happen consciously or
unconsciously.
a. Peer pressure
b. Guilt trip
c. Self-sabotage

7. the act of making something ready.

a. Priming
b. Reverse psychology
c. Negging

8. also called perceived fraudulence, involves feelings of self-doubt and

personal incompetence that persist despite your education, experience, and
accomplishments.
a. Escapism
b. Impostor syndrome
c. Alice in wonderland syndrome

9. is an act of emotional manipulation whereby a person makes a deliberate

backhanded compliment or otherwise flirtatious remark to another person
to undermine their confidence and increase their need of the manipulator's
approval.
a. Negging
b. Priming
 c. Peer pressure

10. is an indirect approach to communication. Even when you've done nothing

wrong, the other person might imply the situation is somehow your fault.
a. Peer pressure
b. Reverse psychology
c. Guilt trip

11. You vent about the same feelings repeatedly.

a. Venting
b. Trauma venting
c. Emotional dumping

12. is driven by the pleasure principle, which strives for immediate gratification
of all desires, wants, and needs.
a. Ego
b. Superego
c. Id

13. is a technique involving the assertion of a belief or behavior that is opposite

to the one desired.
a. Guilt trip
b. Peer pressure
c. Reverse psychology

14. is a toxic form of venting.

a. Emotional dumping
b. Venting
c. Trauma dumping
15. is a behavior where a person spends an excessive amount of time
daydreaming, often becoming immersed in their imagination. This behavior
is usually a coping mechanism in people who have mental health conditions
like anxiety.
a. Maladaptive daydreaming
b. False awakening dream
c. Hypnogogic

16. is when you know what you want to say, but you have trouble saying or
writing your thoughts.
a. Dyslexia
b. Expressive aphasia
c. Dyscalculia

17. refers to a sense of specialness and self-importance that might lead you
to: boast about real or exaggerated accomplishments.
a. Narcissist
b. Grandiosity
c. Self centered

18. is a psychotic symptom in which the patient has the experience that his or
her thoughts are being broadcast aloud so that people around can hear the
thoughts.
a. Thought broadcasting
b. Tangentiality
c. Catharsis

19. the quality of unselfish concern for the welfare of others.

a. Altruism
b. Escapism
c. Slapdash
20. Talking with a friend. A discussion with a friend about a problem you are
facing might spark a moment of insight in which you are able to see how an
event from earlier in your life might be contributing to your current patterns
of behavior.
a. Slapdash
b. Catharsis
c. Scatterbrained

21. an inability to identify and describe one's emotions; considered to be a

personality trait.
a. Anhedonia
b. Dissociative fugue
c. Alexithymia

22. you mean that they do things carelessly without much thinking or planning.
a. Slapdash
b. Scatterbrained
c. Altruism

23. people are actually quite intelligent, but it's difficult for them to focus on
anything or adhere to a process on their own.
a. Scatterbrained
b. Word salad
c. Malingering

24. asserting one's will over another in an arrogant way.

a. Domineering
b. Catharsis
c. Ego dystonic
25. loses his or her temper suddenly and violently.
a. Obsessions
b. Grimacing
c. Volatile

26. a confused or unintelligible mixture of seemingly random words and

phrases, specifically (in psychiatry) as a form of speech indicative of
advanced schizophrenia.
a. Intrusive thoughts
b. Word salad
c. Priming

27. are intrusive and recurring thoughts images or impulses that are persistent
and uncontrollable usually irrational.
a. Obsessions
b. Compulsions
c. Grimacing

28. There is personal gain in the deception/pretending to have

psychological/physical condition. Not considered mental illness.
a. Dissociation
b. Malingering
c. Frotteuristic disorder

29. also called "lack of insight," is a symptom of severe mental illness

experienced by some that impairs a person's ability to understand and
perceive his or her illness.
a. Anosognosia
b. Pareidolia
c. Prosopognosia
30. is when you do something because you want to feel accepted and valued by
your friends
a. Guilt trip
b. Peer pressure
c. Trauma bonding

31. refers to a disturbance in the thought process that causes the individual to
relate excessive or irrelevant detail that never reaches the essential point of
a conversation or the desired answer to a question
a. Tangentiality
b. Obsessions
c. Compulsions

32. manipulate (someone) by psychological means into questioning their own

sanity.
a. Gaslighting
b. Love bombing
c. Guilt trip

33. is defined as to make an unpleasant fact or twist up your facial features,

often to indicate displeasure. An example of grimace is when you make a
face upon biting into a sour lemon.
a. Negging
b. Priming
c. Grimacing

34. The involuntary imitation of the movements of another person.

a. Echopraxia
b. Echolalia
c. Aphasia
35. Acting out a sexual behavior such as masturbation and sexual intercourse
with no memory of the event.
a. Sleep wake disorder
b. Sexsomnia
c. Voyeuristic Disorder

36. easily aroused at night.

a. Nocturnal emission
b. Light sleeper
c. Homosexual behavior

37. arousal by thought/ images of self as a FEMALE.

a. Agoraphobia
b. Autogynephilia
c. Sexsomnia

38. is when people lose some contact with reality. This might involve seeing or
hearing things that other people cannot see or hear (hallucinations) and
believing things that are not actually true (delusions).
a. Psychosis
b. Hallucinations
c. Dissociation

39. tool to manage and/or relieve stress.

a. Motivation
b. Affirmation
c. Coping mechanism

40. tool to defend oneself against emotional trauma or stress.

 a. Defense mechanism
b. Thought broadcasting
c. Manifestation

41. mental model that includes prior knowledge and expectations.

a. Ego
b. Schema
c. Paradox

42. one’s knowledge and confidence that they can meet challenges.
a. Self efficacy
b. Self esteem
c. Self care

43. legal term that indicates a person’s inability to take responsibility for their
actions.
a. Malingering
b. Insanity
c. Psychosis

44. is a behavior where a person spends an excessive amount of time

daydreaming, often becoming immersed in their imagination. This behavior
is usually a coping mechanism in people who have mental health conditions
like anxiety.
a. Maladaptive daydreaming
b. Lucid dream
c. Sleep paralysis
45. occurs when a narcissist repeats a cycle of abuse with another person which
fuels a need for validation and love from the person being abused.
a. Losing yourself
b. Porous boundaries
c. Love bombing

46. is the tendency for perception to impose a meaningful interpretation on a

nebulous stimulus, usually visual, so that one sees an object, pattern, or
meaning where there is none.
a. Pareidolia
b. Prosopagnosia
c. Pseudobulbar effect

47. is a condition that's characterized by episodes of sudden uncontrollable and

inappropriate laughing or crying.
a. Face blindness
b. Pseudobulbar effect
c. Pareidolia
ANSWER KEY

1. B 18.A 35.B
2. A 19.A 36.B
3. B 20.B 37.B
4. B 21.C 38.A
5. B 22.A 39.C
6. C 23.A 40.A
7. A 24.A 41.B
8. B 25.C 42.B
9. A 26.B 43.B
10.C 27.A 44.B
11.B 28.B 45.C
12.C 29.B 46.A
13.C 30.A 47.B
14.C 31.A
15.C 32.A
16.B 33.C
17.B 34.A
COGNITIVE BIAS REVIEW

1. is an unconscious bias that happens when two things are judged in

comparison to one another, instead of being assessed individually.
a. Contrast effect
b. Primacy effect
c. Ostrich effect

2. if we think someone is attractive, we are also more likely to think that they
are more intelligent.
a. Decoy effect
b. Golem effect
c. Halo effect

3. have no reason to tell a lie and don't realize that they're not telling the truth.
Sometimes called "honest lying".
a. Confabulation
b. Blind spot bias
c. Survivorship bias

4. occurs when an individual erroneously believes that a certain random event

is less likely or more likely to happen based on the outcome of a previous
event or series of events.
a. Golem effect
b. Gamber's fallacy or Monte Carlo bias
c. Optimism bias

5. is where an individuals performance is influenced by others expectations.

(postive)
a. Pygmalion effect
 b. Galatea effect
c. Diderot effect

6. The large popcorn is the target, and the small is the competitor. The medium
popcorn works as a decoy because it is asymmetrically dominated by the
other two. Although it is bigger than the small, it is also more expensive,
making it only partially superior.
a. Decoy effect
b. Ostrich effect
c. Golem effect

7. is the cognitive bias that makes people place a higher value on an object that
is scarce and a lower value on one that is available in abundance.
a. Pygmalion effect
b. Scarcity effect
c. Domino effect

8. is the cognitive bias of recognizing the impact of biases on the judgment of

others, while failing to see the impact of biases on one's own judgment.
a. Blind spot bias
b. Survivorship bias
c. Self serving bias

9. is the idea that people seek out information and data that confirms their pre-
existing ideas. They tend to ignore contrary information.
a. Self serving bias
b. Confirmation bias
c. Blind spot bias
10. occurs because we naturally like stories and find them easier to make sense
of and relate to. It means we can be prone to choose less desirable outcomes
due to the fact they have a better story behind them. This cognitive bias is
similar to the framing bias.
a. Narrative fallacy
b. Framing cognitive bias
c. Loss aversion

11. is when investors blindly copy and follow what other famous investors are
doing. When they do this, they are being influenced by emotion, rather than
by independent analysis. There are four main types: self-deception, heuristic
simplification, emotion, and social bias.
a. Herd mentality
b. Blind spot bias
c. Narrative fallacy

12. is a cognitive bias that happens when people falsely believe that if two
objects are similar then they are also correlated with each other. That is not
always the case.
a. Bandwagon effect
b. Representativeness Heuristic
c. Primacy effect

13. refers to our tendency to overestimate our likelihood of experiencing

positive events and underestimate our likelihood of experiencing negative
events.
a. Status quo bias
b. Optimism bias
c. Self serving bias
14. is a type of psychological bias. A classic example of the
effect would be an amateur chess player overestimates their performance in
the upcoming chess tournament compared to their competent counterparts.
a. Dunning Kruger effect
b. Decoy effect
c. Diderot effect

15. the inhibiting influence of the presence of others on a person's willingness

to help someone in need.
a. Ostrich effect
b. Golem effect
c. Bystander effect

16. is the tendency to do or believe something simply because others do

a. Bandwagon effect
b. Overconfidence bias
c. Ripple effect

17. is an unconscious bias that happens when two things are judged in
comparison to one another, instead of being assessed individually.
a. Primacy effect
b. Contrast effect
c. Domino effect

18. is a cognitive bias where people decide on options based on whether the
options are presented with positive or negative connotations; e.g. as a loss
or as a gain. People tend to avoid risk when a positive frame is presented but
seek risks when a negative frame is presented.
a. Golem effect
b. Decoy effect
 c. Framing effect

19. is the theory that when people predict a correct outcome, they wrongly
believe that they “knew it all along.
a. Confirmation bias
b. Hindsight bias
c. Self serving bias

20. is a social phenomenon related to consumer goods. It is based on two ideas.

The first idea is that goods purchased by consumers will align with their sense
of identity, and, as a result, will complement one another.
a. Diderot effect
b. Decoy effect
c. Ostrich effect
ANSWER KEY
1. A
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. A
6. A
7. B
8. A
9. B
10. A
11. A
12. B
13. B
14. A
15. C
16. A
17. B
18. C
19. B
20. B
DEFENSE MECHANISMS REVIEW
1. An attempt to make up for real or imagined weakness. Example: an adolescent perceived
as unattractive becomes an outstanding athlete.
a. Compensation
b. Introjection
c. Intellectualization

2. The emulation of admirable qualities in another to enhance one's self-esteem. Example: a

child dresses and uses mannerisms similar to those of a famous rock star.
a. Projection
b. Identification
c. Sublimation

3. Process in which events are analyzed based on remote facts and without passion, rather
than incorporating feelings and emotion into the processing. Example: A woman talks
about her son's death from cancer as being merciful and shows no signs of being sad.
a. Rationalization
b. Intellectualization
c. Regression

4. Disruption in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the environment that

results in compartmentalizing uncomfortable or unpleasant aspects of oneself.
a. Denial
b. Suppression
c. Dissociation

5. Justifying illogical, unreasonable ideas, actions or feelings by developing acceptable

explanations. Example: "I cheated but everyone cheats so it's ok".
a. Rationalization
b. Reaction formation
c. Displacement

6. Transferring unacceptable feelings or impulses to another. Example: a partner who is

jealous of her significant other accuses the partner of being jealous.
a. Scapegoating
 b. Projection
c. Displacement

7. Avoiding unacceptable thoughts and behaviors by expressing opposing thoughts or

behaviors. Example: a patient that unconsciously hates his father continuously says how
great his father is.
a. Reaction formation
b. Projection
c. Regression

8. Withdrawing to an earlier level of development to benefit from the associated comfort

levels of the previous level. Example: a child starts sucking her thumb when her new baby
brother comes home from the hospital
a. Denial
b. Sublimation
c. Regression

9. A woman encourages a male suitor when her husband goes abroad.

a. Sublimation
b. Intellectualization
c. Displacement

10. A man suddenly stabs a stranger for no apparent reason other than they crossed paths.
a. Sweet lemon rationalization
b. Free floating anger
c. Displacement

11. Not accepting reality or not acting as if a painful event exist.

a. Denial
b. Reaction formation
c. Sublimation

12. Intentional blocking of unwanted thoughts.

a. Supression
 b. Repression
c. Denial

13. is a mature type of defense mechanism, in which socially unacceptable impulses or

idealizations are transformed into socially aceptable actions or behavior.
a. Undoing
b. Sublimation
c. Introjection

14. A conscious and deliberate effort to avoid an issue.

a. Suppression
b. Regression
c. Denial

15. A type of defense mechanism that occurs when a person internalizes the ideas or voices
of other people often external authorities. An example of this might be a dad telling his
son ''boys don't cry''.
a. Introjection
b. Sublimation
c. Denial

16. Kicking the pet dog every time one is angry with the boss.
a. Scapegoating
b. Projection
c. Intellectualization

17. Imitating or taking on the characteristics of a person, or a class of people that one fears.
a. Introjection
b. Interjection
c. Projection

18. Hiding one's frustrations at not attaining a goal by saying the goal was not worth much
anyway.
 a. Sweet lemon rationalization
b. Sour grapes rationalization
c. Scapegoating

19. An internet user excessively praises another person after insulting her on-line.
a. Interjection
b. Undoing
c. Sublimation

20. One's frustation or hostility is directed towards the self instead of at others.
a. Suicide
b. Displacement
c. Undoing

21. A man tells his friends he has not bought a new car for the last fifteen years because he
has not yet found one that works just as well. Actually, he can't afford another.
a. Sweet lemon rationalization
b. Sour grapes rationalization
c. Sublimation

22. A students develops headaches on the day he has to make a classroom presentation.
a. Suppression
b. Regression
c. Somatization

23. A man tells himself that he will soon become the manager at a time no promotions are
happening.
a. Undoing
b. Compartmentalization
c. Fantasy

24. Ventiliting pent-up hostility without necesary being aware of it by making critical jokes or
hurtful comments about themselves or others.
a. Nomadism
 b. Sarcasm
c. Interjection

25. A politician promises to help the poor, but knows he won't really do it.
a. Undoing
b. Hypocrisy
c. Nomadism

26. A grown man cannot remember how the Japanese tortured his father during the second
world war.
a. Regression
b. Repression
c. Somatization

27. A new employee is again thinking of moving to another company: he has never lasted long
in any job.
a. Nomadism
b. Undoing
c. Substitution

28. A lady cheats on her income tax return while she religiously gives regular tithes to her
church
a. Intellectualization
b. Compartmentalization
c. Nomadism
ANSWER KEY

1. A
2. B
3. B
4. C
5. A
6. B
7. A
8. A
9. A
10. B
11. A
12. A
13. B
14. A
15. A
16. A
17. B
18. B
19. B
20. A
21. A
22. C
23. C
24. B
25. B
26. B
27. A
28. B

PREPARED BY: C.J.C.