Implementation of the Anti-Criminality Programs

of Philippine National Police; A Basis for

Improvemement
_______________

A Thesis Proposal
Presented to the
University of Cagayan Valley

_______________

BY

WISHEN M. ARAO

JERWIN LARO BALANZA

BILLY JOSHUA L. DORADO

LANCE ANDREI GAREN

KINGSTON DANIEL B. MANUEL

EMMANUEL D. MIGUEL

KENNETH P. ORPILLA
 Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction
The rise in crime rate in localities drives fear among its
residents. It instills forms of insecurity every time
residents step out of their homes. This feeling of
insecurity extends until they are inside their homes which
were intended to be their safe spaces. The researchers want
to study the strategies, plans, or measures on how to cut
off the hands of crime that shakes the peaceful heart of the
community.

Due to the alarming increase in crime rate in the

Philippines, Filipino citizens are afraid that they might
become a victim of different crimes in their areas.
Especially in secluded areas where the presence of
patrolling police officers is unlikely. This is to note that
most crimes happen at night time; crimes such as theft,
robbery, etc. where anyone can be a victim. Regardless of
the socio-economic background of the victim, rich or poor,
everyone is susceptible to becoming a victim.

One of the municipalities of Cagayan province encountered

trouble in minimizing the crime rate in their area. The
municipality of Alcala had fifty (50) barangays in total,
the PNP Chief of Alcala, Cagayan developed an action plan to
reduce the rate of crime by installing checkpoints and
patrolling in hotspot areas.

Alcala Cagayan's anti-crime initiatives, including their use

of a geographic information system to undertake geographical
analysis of law enforcement-related issues, such as issues
with crime and disorder issues. A broader perspective on
crime issues has been facilitated by mapping, which has
gained considerable Institutional support due to its
effectiveness as a tool for crime prevention. A crime map is
an essential characteristic to ensure that crime does not
occur accidentally but criminal offenses may instead take
place in obvious structures that are damaged by the land.the
circumstances of their occurrence and the psychological
elements that control their motion offender.Any subset of
events can be displayed on a map thanks to mapping.
Furthermore, you The user specifies the desired time period.

In light of this, the researchers wanted to conduct this

study to examine the effectiveness of implementing crime
prevention strategies in the Municipality of Alcala and its
importance in the daily function of a police officer.

Theoretical Framework
Ensure that all law enforcement and military operations
comply with the requirements set by the international human
rights standards prescribed in international human rights
laws and domestic laws, including the Constitution, which
provides safeguards against human rights violations.
Integration of human rights in police and military training
will be institutionalized. The human rights offices, desks
units in all police and military headquarters will likewise
be strengthened and expanded as an institutional mechanism
for the protection and promotion of human rights. The
Commission on Human Rights will intensify its monitoring of
the compliance of the security sector to human rights
standards in the sector’s policies and operational manuals
and their operations. Law enforcement operations will
likewise ensure that the rights of women and children are
promoted, protected, and fulfilled.
Input Process Output
1. Profile of the PNP 1. Assessing the profile Assessing the
personnel and the of the PNP personnel performance of PNP
barangay officials and the barangay personnel and the
– respondents in officials – barangay officials
terms of; respondents in terms
in the municipality
1.1. Age of;
of Gattaran,
1.2. Gender 1.1. Age
Cagayan.
1.3. Civil status 1.2. Gender
1.4. Higher Education 1.3. Civil status
Attainment 1.4. Higher
1.5. Rank education
1.6. Terms of service attainment
2. The extent of 1.5. Rank
implementation of 1.6. Terms of
the crime service
prevention programs 2. Assessing the Identifying the
as assessed by the performance of PNP performance of
PNP personnel personnel respondents respondents of PNP
respondents themselves barangay personnel and
themselves barangay officials and as a barangay officials.
officials and as a whole relative to;
whole relative to: 2.1. Mobility
2.1. Mobility 2.2. Communication
2.2. Communication gadgets
gadgets 2.3. Manpower
2.3. Manpower 2.4. Community
2.4. Community 3. Comparing the
assessment, the two
groups of respondents
on the extent of
implementations of
crime prevention
programs relative to
the above.
4. Correlating the
profile variables and
their assessments on
the extent of
implementation of
crime prevention
programs.
Figure 1. Parad 5. Identifying the
actions can be
proposed to address
the identified
problems.

Feedback

Figure 1; Paradigm of the study

 Statement of the problem

This study aims to assess the extent of implementation of

the Anti-Criminality program of the Philippine National
Police in the Municipality of Alcala as a basis for
improvement for the Calendar year 2021.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following:
1. What is the profile of the Community residents’ respondents
in terms of;
1.1. Age
1.2. Gender
1.3. Higher Educational Attainment
1.4. Year of Residency
2. What is the extent of implementation of the Anti-criminality
programs as assessed by the community residents relative to:
2.1. Mobility
2.2. Communication gadgets
2.3. Manpower
2.4. Community
3. Is there a significant difference on community residents on
Anti-Criminality programs grouped according to their age and
gender.
4. What measures can be proposed to improved the Anti-Criminality
programs of PNP Alcala Cagayan.
Hypothesis

This study was guided by the following hypothesis:

1. There is no significant difference between the assessment of

the two groups of respondents on the extent of implementation
of the crime prevention program relative to the above.
2. There is no significant relationship between the two groups
of respondents' profile variable and their assessment of the
extent of implementation of crime prevention programs.

Significance of the Study

The findings of this study will benefit the following:

Local Government Unit (LGU). LGU officials will be able to

analyze the effectiveness of the crime preventive measures
being practiced by all their barangays and provide better and
appropriate crime interventions relevant to the result of this
research.

Philippine National Police (PNP). It will benefit them by

knowing the effectiveness of their crime prevention program/s
and adopting the recommendations of this study in improving
their service.

Community. They can take advantage of the implementation of the

crime prevention program of PNP by living in a more conducive
and safer place having a very low case of crimes.

Local Government Unit (LGU). LGU officials will be able to

analyze the effectiveness of the crime preventive measures
being practiced by all their barangays and provide better and
appropriate crime interventions relevant to the result of this
research.
 Researchers. As a researcher, they can compare their
implementation of crime prevention with other PNP.

Future Researchers. This research would serve as a basis for

the conduct of more researchers not only at the University of
Cagayan Valley but also in other schools.

Scope and Delimitation

The study will focus on the extent of implementation of Anti-

Criminality programs of the PNP in the municipality of Alcala
and the findings will be utilized as a basis for policy
recommendations.

The participants of the study will be uniformed men of the PNP

unit of Alcala Cagayan. A questionnaire will be used to assess
the extent of implementation of the crime prevention measures
in the said municipality.

The study is limited to the fact that it considers only what is

being practiced or adapted by the PNP policy implementers in
the municipality of Alcala only.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Anti-Criminality Operation- It refers to any operation which is

conducted by the police for crime prevention and solution. It
also involves tactical operation to emergency such as hostage
crisis and violent mass rally.
Areas of Converge- Refers to any area wherein influx of people is
expected. Usually meet, transact, and do business in this place.

British SAS Counter Revolutionary Wing- Refers to a special

forces unit of the British Army focused on counter insurgency.

Civil Disturbance Management (CDM)- It refers as a crowd control

operation. Its purposes are to prevent or stop the unlawful entry
of violent demonstrators to vital government offices and perform
dispersal operation in the case that the rallyist will become
unruly.

Close Quarter Combat- Refers to a tactical concept that involves

physical confrontation between several combatants.

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter contains a review of related literature as

well as the study's thematic outline. These were obtained
through a thorough review of books, journals, theses, and
other published and unpublished papers on effective policing
and crime prevention strategies in Local Government Units.

Related Literature
Many authors have discussed how difficult it is to
define policing in a single paragraph. It's a full-service
strategy in which the same officer patrols and works in the
same area permanently, from a decentralized location,
proactively partnering with citizens to discover and solve
problems. A policing philosophy is defined as "A belief or
intention held by the police that they should: Consult with
and take account of the wishes of the public in determining
and evaluating operational policing policy and practice; and
Collaborate with the public whenever possible in solving
local problems," according to Koch and Bennett (1993:37) and
Bennett (1993).
In the Philippines, the Philippine National Police is
in charge of maintaining the country's peace and order.
According to the Constitution, the PNP is a national police
force with a civilian character, controlled by the National
Police Commission (NAPOLCOM), with a police officer for
every 689 to 700 people in the country. The Philippine
National Police, on the other hand, collaborates closely
with other government agencies such as the National Bureau
of Investigation (NBI), the Department of Interior and Local
Government (DILG), and the Department of Justice (DOJ) in
the investigation and settlement of crimes. It also backs
the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) in their fight
against the country's communist insurgency and Muslim
recession.
Furthermore, crime prevention requires not just the
cooperation of law enforcement authorities, but also the
participation of community members. Barangay Tanod is
trained to assist the local police in intelligence work as
well as monitoring and preserving peace and order at the
barangay level. (Philippine Civil Service Commission
Delegation, 2013)
Moreover, under Full Service Policing (FSP), the police
will directly prevent and control crime by launching five
anti-crime campaigns at the same time to eliminate (or at
least reduce) the Motives (or desires/intents),
Instrumentalities (or capacities/abilities), and
Opportunities (or accesses) for criminal activity. These
drives the following: (i) Crime Prevention. All procedures
and efforts performed by the police, with community
participation and assistance, to eliminate or decrease the
magnitudes of reasons, instrumentalities, and opportunities
for the commission of crimes are included in crime
prevention. Some examples include: initiating amicable
neighborly disputes; minimizing drug addiction and
drunkenness to reduce motives; campaigning against
unlicensed firearms; regulating and checking on the carrying
of licensed firearms and other deadly weapons outside of
one's residence to reduce instrumentalities; and launching a
crime prevention awareness drive, which includes observance
of National Crime Prevention Week. All of these efforts and
strategies should result in the prevention of numerous
crimes; (ii) Crime Suppression The cardinal principle of
crime suppression is that a crime will only occur if all
three (3) connected ingredients (motives, instrumentalities,
and opportunities) converge at the same time and location.
This campaign thus comprises all of the steps and efforts
made by the police, with community participation and
support, to suppress the motives and/or instruments of
potential criminals, and to decrease the opportunities to
commit crimes. Conducting mobile or foot patrols in crime-
prone regions, fielding covert marshals in passenger buses
and jeepneys in crime-prone areas, and putting up mobile
checkpoints in crime-prone areas are just a few examples.
Security measures ranging from passive to active on the part
of the community, particularly those at increased risk of
victimization; (iii) Crime Intervention, Crime intervention
refers to police methods and attempts, with community
participation and cooperation, to detect and respond to
crime as soon as possible, even as it is occurring, to
reduce potential damage to life, limb, and/or property. It's
a good idea to make a "flagrante delicto," or red-handed,
arrest at the crime site. The ability of the police to be
instantly reached by the public and respond to such calls,
as well as the community's sense of civic obligation, will
determine the effectiveness and success of this initiative.
The 911 system in the United States and many other wealthy
countries is an example of this. The Philippine government
and an NGO collaborated to create the 117 services. To be
sure, we have a lot more work to do and money to invest
before we can catch up and compete with the industrialized
countries. This is an opportunity for the community,
particularly potential victims, to activate and effectively
deploy the self-defense measures that have been prepared for
this eventuality. They should also be familiar with and
capable of using the principles of citizen's arrest, self-
defense, and stranger defense.; (iv) Crime Attrition All
police measures and efforts, with community participation
and support, to identify, secure warrants of arrest, ferret
out, and isolate criminals, including fugitives, from the
rest of society to prevent them from committing further
crimes and/or becoming victims of reprisals by their victims
and loved ones are referred to as "crime attrition." The
police and the community communicate and coordinate with the
other pillars of the Criminal Justice System in this effort
to prosecute, punish, and rehabilitate criminals so that
they can reintegrate into society as fit and law-abiding
individuals. To better act as the police's eyes and ears,
community members should learn how to observe and describe
what they see when they see a crime. They should also know
how to maintain the crime scene, handle evidence, and assist
in the safety and support of victims and witnesses, among
other things; (v) Crime Deterrence The measures and extra
efforts taken by the police, with the participation and
support of the community and all other pillars of the
Criminal Justice System, to convincingly prove that "crime
does not pay" to deter potential offenders and force them to
stop committing crimes are known as crime deterrence. The
competency and efficiency of the entire Criminal Justice
System are critical to the success of this campaign. This
campaign should be successful if police officers
continuously perform well in Crime Intervention and Crime
Attrition Drives, resulting in the conviction of almost all,
if not all, perpetrators. Furthermore, the success and
effectiveness of this campaign are contingent on the
willingness and resolve of almost all victims and witnesses
to file and pursue suitable charges in court, leading to the
conviction of nearly all guilty perpetrators.

Approaches to Effective Policing

Several strategies in reducing criminality Dr. Jacqui
Karn, 2013: Traditional approaches to policing allocating
enforcement that covers their jurisdiction such as random
patrol response, stop and search, Investigation and
detection, and Intensive enforcement. Random patrol and
response, a considerable body of early research on police
effectiveness in reducing crime were devoted to exploring
the effectiveness of random patrol in preventing and
detecting crime, either as a general deterrent or by
answering calls in the shortest possible time (Skogan and
Frydl, 2004).
Investigation and detection were done by gathering
evidence, such as witness statements, fingerprints, or CCTV
images, which could be used in court to secure a conviction.
Intensive enforcement is commonly referred to as either a
„zero tolerance‟ (see Weatheritt, 1998) or „broken windows‟
(Wilson and Kelling, 1982) approach to law enforcement,
intensive forms of law enforcement are often associated with
tough crime-fighting rhetoric. In practice, however, these
approaches are based on the idea that responding immediately
and consequentially to incivilities such as vandalism,
street drinking, and prostitution will avert a downward
spiral of Disorder, which occurs when communities, in fear
of more serious offending, start to withdraw their
willingness to intervene (Wilson and Kelling, 1982).
Targeted policing, the limited impact of random patrol, and
reactive and intensive enforcement on crime rates led to
attempts to improve the effectiveness of the police in
reducing crime by concentrating resources on specific
crimes, criminals, victims, and places. This led to the
development of much more focused resource allocation
through, in particular, hotspots policing, tackling repeat
victimization, and focused deterrence. Hotspot policing,
Initiatives that take account of the uneven distribution of
crime between and within Neighborhoods and target resources
on micro-locations (a small number of streets, a block of
flats, or even two or three addresses) are commonly referred
to as „hotspots‟ policing (Weisburd and Braga, 2006). The
influential Minneapolis Hot Spots Experiment, for example,
found that 50 percent of calls for service came from only
3.3 percent of locations and advocated focusing
interventions (in this case increased patrol) on such micro-
locations rather than whole neighborhoods. It delivered
clear, if modest, general deterrent effects as measured by
reductions in crime calls and observations of disorder
(Sherman et al, 1989), as have other similar initiatives
(Sherman and Weisburd, 1995). While there is evidence that
focusing resources in hotspots reduces crime, initiatives
that simply rely on using patrol and law enforcement in
these hotspots tend to be less effective (Taylor et al,
2011), the impact tending to be small and short-lived
(Koper, 1995). The effectiveness of hotspot policing varies
according to the approaches and tactics that are used; it is
rarely sufficient simply to concentrate police patrol
resources in specific locations (Rosenbaum, 2006). A
frequent component of hotspot policing initiatives is the
introduction of measures that reduce the opportunities for
committing a crime. Commonly known as „situational crime
prevention‟, such measures include installing better locks
on doors and windows (target hardening), increasing
surveillance through for example installing CCTV cameras,
and looking after or altering the environment by for example
cleaning up graffiti, removing abandoned cars, or improving
street lighting. There is now considerable evidence to
support the effectiveness of situational crime prevention
(which cannot be reviewed here), which were included
partially helps to explain the convincing body of evidence
that broadly supports the strategic targeting of micro-
locations.
On the other hand, according to Rosenbaum (2006) based on a
detailed understanding of the multiple and persistent
problems commonly found in Communities. Such problems
include High concentrations of poverty and ill health; a
poor physical environment; Low-income families; Poor
performing schools; Limited neighborhood resources and
informal control; Active drug markets; Barriers to offender
resettlement. Although often characterized as polarized
approaches, researchers have begun to highlight the
potential for a more integrated approach that takes greater
account of the social context of hotspots, in particular the
need for greater recognition that it is the social
characteristics of hotspots that account for their longevity
(Weisburd, 2012). This suggests that there may be some
potential for more targeted Socioeconomic interventions in
micro-locations. As yet little is known about why hotspots
are attractive targets to offenders and what role, if any,
residents‟ „collective efficacy‟ plays in this. The term
„collective efficacy‟ is used to describe the degree to
which neighbors know and trust one another and are willing
to intervene (together or individually) to protect their
neighborhood from crime and related problems. It acts as a
protective factor in Neighborhoods that might otherwise
experience high levels of crime (Sampson and Raudenbusch,
1999).
In addition to, in the United Kingdom, there were four
intelligence products are created: strategic assessments,
tactical assessments, target profiles, and problem profiles.
Regular meetings of Tasking and Control Groups (TCGs) are
held to decide how to best target resources to priority
people (e.g. prolific offenders), places (e.g. crime
hotspots), and activities (e.g. night-time economy).
Intelligence-led policing was first pioneered in the UK by
Kent Police Service in the early 1990s. In practice,
however, cultural resistance and the significant
reorganization of officer roles and functions meant that
Kent‟s embracing of intelligence-led policing remained an
exception to the rule until the introduction of the National
Intelligence Model (NIM) a decade later (Maguire, 2008). NIM
is the major vehicle for delivering intelligence-led
policing, variations of which are now being used in all
forces. Introduced in part as a response to the increasingly
sophisticated, transnational, and mobile nature of
criminality, the NIM has institutionalized intelligence-led
policing.
Based on strategic assessments of current and predicted
crime threats and tactical assessments of targets and
problems, it aims to develop Policing and Crime Reduction
solutions to crime problems outside the criminal justice
system, such as disrupting criminal markets and the criminal
networks that control them. With less than a quarter of all
recorded crimes leading to detection and a sanction, finding
alternative ways to fight crime outside the criminal justice
system should be a key priority. But although the NIM is
seen by most officers as successful in tackling the main
problems in an area (Maguire and John, 1995), it has, like
intelligence-led policing, not been independently evaluated
in terms of its impact on crime (Maguire, 2008) let alone
how relevant it might be in tackling new, emerging crime
patterns. Embracing partners who focus on risks and problems
identified through the analysis of multiple sources of data
relating to patterns of crime, as piloted in Greater
Manchester (known as Greater Manchester against Crime),
would help to shift the NIM towards a more problem-oriented
approach. Problem-oriented policing, A recent review of
hotspot policing initiatives by the Campbell Collaboration
provides convincing evidence that while, overall, hotspot
policing strategies can be effective in reducing crime, they
are more likely to do so where interventions alter the
characteristics and dynamics of hotspots through problem-
oriented policing interventions. Problem-oriented policing
emerged as a more proactive alternative to traditional
response policing and more effective than simply focusing
enforcement approaches on hotspots. While still identifying
problem hotspots, problem-oriented policing places more
emphasis on understanding the connections between problems
and why they are occurring, tackling problems identified by
local communities that have been resistant to other, more
conventional responses (Goldstein, 1990).
To an extent a problem-solving approach is embedded in
the National Intelligence Model (and potentially in some
investigation practice), and is evident, in particular, in
the way analysis is intended to inform multi-agency tasking
meetings (Maguire and John, 2003), so problem solving has
become part of policing practice. Problem-oriented policing
requires a thorough understanding of the problems and the
effectiveness of strategies to address them. This involves
an analysis of their causes, identifying strategies for
intervention (beyond law enforcement), and involving other
agencies and the community in delivering them. It also
requires checking whether the intended benefits have accrued
(Tilley, 2010). The main intention is to reduce crime and
disorder proactively and sustainably by dealing with
recurrent or connected problems, rather than responding
incident by incident, and improving community confidence in
the effectiveness of agencies by responding to their
immediate and most pressing Concerns. The capacity for
problem-solving approaches to reduce local crime rates in
hotspots is now widely accepted, especially when driven by
community concerns (Tuffin, 2006), although their
effectiveness has in the past suffered from implementation
failure (Quinton and Morris, 2008) and a tendency for the
police to „rush to solution‟ before securing a full
understanding of the problem and how best to resolve it
(Myhill, 2006).
 A recent systematic review concluded that problem-
oriented policing initiatives built on sound data analysis
and research have had „Community policing, the concept of
community policing first emerged in the 1970s, and has
subsequently built up widespread support. Problem-oriented
policing and community engagement is both central to
effective community policing, which is built around the idea
of enhanced local accountability. Community policing tends
to mean different things to different people and lacks a
clear definition, while the term community is itself
„notoriously slippery‟ (Tilley, 2008). And as with other
models of policing, there is considerable overlap.
As Fielding (2009) argues, to some community policing is
simply an alternative to an enforcement-based approach
whereas to others it is an approach that actively involves
the public in crime control and improves communication
between the public and the police. Despite this, the
principles underpinning community policing have been widely
adopted and community policing has become, in the US at
least, „a new orthodoxy for cops‟ (Dr. Jacqui Karn, 2013)
In 1993-1994, then Senior Inspector Francisco Baraquel
worked on his thesis entitled "Toward the Development of a
Community–Based Crime Prevention and Control Program: A
Model for the Philippine National Police, he researched and
made a comparative study of “BAC UP” (started in June 1986)
in the Visayas, “KAUBAN” in Mindanao (started in October
1991), “Pulis Patrol-Lingkod Bayan” in Metro-Manila (started
in early 1992), and Sectoral Organizing in Luzon (started in
1991). Baraquel's 174-page thesis concluded that: "BAC-UP
can be considered as the most successful implementation of a
community-based crime prevention program for the following
reasons: It was able to sustain its objective of minimizing
the levels of crime incidence, even though the commander who
initiated the project was already transferred; It presented
a concrete example of committed private sector involvement
manifested in the joint undertakings of the Rotary Club of
Bacolod City-East and Negros Occidental PC/INP Command.
(Note: BAC UP should get the credit, where Rotary Club of
Bacolod City-East Rotarians is also member); It was
undertaken at no cost to the government while completely
overhauling the deployment structure of the Bacolod City
Police and providing it with the needed administrative,
communications, and mobility requirements; It emphasized the
need for building awareness and eliciting response through
social marketing; It provided for the recruitment, training,
and integration of the "barangay tanods” in the community
police structure; It also provided for livelihood projects
and the provision of soft loans for the police officers”.
“Evaluating the level of crime incidence in Bacolod City,
the available statistics showed that the total crime volume
in the city considerably went down from a high of 3,500
crime incidents in 1989 to a low of 607 crime incidents last
year. This goes to show that BAC UP has been able to sustain
the gains that it has achieved in 1986 up to today, as far
as keeping the level of crime incidence at minimal levels.
The dramatic decrease in crime incidence in the city is
mainly attributed to the institutionalization of the “BAC
UP” within the communities of Bacolod City”.
Effective policing remains the strategy of choice among
local government units to gain the trust and confidence of
the general public. On the other hand, to address the
problem of crime reduction there is also a collaborative
partnership between the police and other government
agencies. The abovementioned literature and studies serve as
a basis for the researchers in the present study.
Synthesis
Problem-oriented policing can help prevent recurring
problems requiring a policing response through detailed
analysis of crime problems and inter-agency responses;
community-oriented policing is a strategy for encouraging
the public to act as partners with the police in preventing
and managing crime; and treasury-oriented policing
encourages citizens to report suspicious activity to the
police.By including residents of the neighborhood,
community-based policing strategies are likely to attain the
highest levels of legitimacy. However, this might lead to a
significant amount of police time being wasted in gatherings
and activities that don't contribute much to reducing crime.
In terms of crime prevention and reduction, problem-oriented
and pulling levers (or focused deterrence) policing are
likely to yield the best outcomes. Both problem-oriented and
pulling levers policing approaches focus limited resources
on the people, places, and things that are at the core of
the biggest crime problems, shifting the focus from
community engagement to developing a detailed understanding
of, and response to, local crime problems. While criminal
justice policymaking is a highly contested area with
opposing views being expressed,The fact that all of the
investigations were initially undertaken in industrialized
Western nations —11 studies were carried out in the United
States, four in Australia, two in Canada, and two in the
United Kingdom—is one of the review's potential drawbacks.
The follow-up intervals varied from four to thirty months.
Sample sizes between research varied significantly. In many
trials, the numbers of participants in the treatment and
 control groups ranged from 100 to 200. 1232 individuals in
the treatment group and 595 participants in the control
group made up the largest trial. However, a few of the
studies that were included had extremely small sample sizes.
For example, one of them had eight participants in the
treatment group and eleven in the control group. The methods
used to measure the results also differed.

Chapter 3
METHODS AND PROCEDURE

Research Design

The research design is Quantitative research design

especially descriptive type of research. The research aims
to assess the implementation of the crime prevention program
of the Philippine National Police in the Municipality of
Alcala as a basis for improvement for the Calendar year 2021

Research Instrument

The researcher will use an objective-type questionnaire to

gather data among the respondents.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researcher will ask permission from the dean of the

School of Criminology to conduct research and after which, a
courtesy call or a letter will be made to PNP Alcala and the
Local Chief Executive of Alcala to be delegated to the
various barangays for their cooperation of the said
research, after which questionnaires will be given to the
 respondents to gather the data needed and later it will be
interpreted by the researcher.

Sampling Procedure

The researcher will utilize a random sampling procedure in

selecting the respondents from the PNP and barangay officials
of Alcala to prevent bias and maintain the validity of the
data to be collected.

Statistical tool
The researcher will use an ANOVA as statistical tool to
determine the significant relationship between the two
groups of respondents' profile variable and their assessment
of the extent of implementation of crime prevention
programs.

Locale of the study

The researcher will conduct the study at Alcala, Cagayan PNP

office, and different barangays of Alcala.

REFERENCES

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and crime prevention: Lessons learned from police
research over the past 20 years. This review draws
upon material available in David L. Weisburd and
Anthony A. Braga. (Eds.).
Fielding, N. G. (2009). Getting the best out of Community
Policing. The University of Surrey.
Goldstein, H. (1990). Excellence in problem-oriented
policing. In Police Executive Research Forum.
John, T. and Maguire, M. 2003. “Rolling out the National
Intelligence Model: Key challenges”. In Crime
Reduction and Problem Oriented Policing, Edited by:
Bullock, K. and Tilley, N. Cullompton: Willan.
Karn, D. (2013). Dr Jacqui Karn Police Effectiveness in a
Changing World Project Policing and Crime Reduction
The evidence and its implications for practice.
Karn, J. (2013). Policing and crime reduction. The evidence
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Part I. Profile of the Responsible.
Direction: Please indicate your answer by a check mark (/)
inside the parenthesis corresponding to your personal
profile.
1.1. Profile of Police respondents
1. Age:
( ) 20-25 ( ) 36-40
( ) 26-30 ( ) 41-45
( ) 31-35
2. Gender:
( ) Male ( ) Female
3. Civil status:
( ) Single ( ) Married
( ) Widow/er ( ) Others, please specify
__________________
4. Highest Educational Attainment:
( ) Elementary Graduate ( ) College Graduate
( ) Highschool Graduate ( ) Others, please specify
 ___________________
5. Rank/Position:
( ) Pat ( ) PSMS ( ) PCPT ( ) PBGEN
( ) PCpl ( ) PCMS ( ) PMAJ ( ) PMGEN
( ) PSSg ( ) PEMS ( ) PLTCOL ( ) PLTGEN
( ) PMSg ( ) PLT ( ) PCOL ( ) PGEN
1.2. Barangay – officials respondents.
1. Age: ____________
2. Gender:
( ) Male ( ) Female
3. Civil status:
( ) Single
( ) Married
( ) Widow/er
( ) Others, please specify:_____________
4. Highest Education Attainment:
( ) Elementary Graduate
( ) Highschool Graduate
( ) College Gradute
( ) Others, please specify:_____________
5. Occupation: _______________
6. Length of Service: ________________
Part II. The Crime Prevention Program employed by the Alcala
Police Station A basis for program Enhancement.
Directions: Please indicate your assessment on the crime
prevention program employed by the Alcala Police Stations. A
basis for program enhancement using the scale below.

Simply put a check mark (/) on the column which commensurate to

your responses.

Numerical Value Mean Range Descriptive Range

3 2.34-3.00 Well Implemented

2 1.67-2.33 Implemented
1 1.00-1.66 Not Implemented

1. Mobility

No Items 3 2 1
1. Utilizes mobile cars in responding to crime
incidents/ police assistance.
2. Conduct patrol using mobile cars/ motorcycle in
crime prone and far-flung areas.
3. Use public utility land vehicles not exclusively
utilize for the purpose
4. Utilizes mobile patrols officials marking/
drivers for crime purposed
5. Respond more quickly to police assistance using
mobile cars
2. Communication Gadgets

No. Item 3 2 1
1 Provides radio communication equipment and
 cellphone to duty/dispatch personnel
2 Patrol in crime prone areas with radio
communication and cellphone issues
3 Dispatches police personnel for assistance
equipped with radio communication and
cellphone issue
4 Respond to police personnel for assistance
through radio, telephone, and cellphone
5 Utilizes radio, cellphone and telephone as
means of communication during police
assistance

3. Manpower

No Items 3 2 1
1 Conduct patrol led by Police Commissioned
officer
2 Details PNP Personnel in all Baranggay
especially in crime prone areas in proper
uniform while on duty.
3 Observe buddy-buddy system especially at
nighttime while on dispatch
4 Employs stand-by reaction team for quick
police dispatch
5 Employs seven(7) team numbers during
dispatch

4. Community Support

No Items 3 2 1
1 Patrol in crime prone area together with
force barangay officials
2 Encourages Community participants in
information gathering on crimes reported
3 Response immediately reported crimes with
assistant of community member
4 Conduct information gathering and
intelligence through train assets from the
community
5 Community participants as witness in
filling cases against suspect/s